AD6620_技术文档

65 MSPS Digital Receive

Signal Processor

a

AD6620

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

FEATURES

High Input Sample Rate

65 MSPS Single Channel Real

I

32.5 MSPS Diversity Channel Real

32.5 MSPS Single Channel Complex

NCO Frequency Translation

REAL,

DUAL REAL,

OR COMPLEX

INPUTS

SERIAL OR

PARALLEL

OUTPUTS

CIC

FILTERS

FIR

FILTER

OUTPUT

FORMAT

Q

Worst Spur Better than –100 dBc

Tuning Resolution Better than 0.02 Hz

2nd Order Cascaded Integrator Comb FIR Filter

Linear Phase, Fixed Coefficients

Programmable Decimation Rates: 2, 3 . . . 16

5th Order Cascaded Integrator Comb FIR Filter

Linear Phase, Fixed Coefficients

Programmable Decimation Rates: 1, 2, 3 . . . 32

Programmable Decimating RAM Coefficient FIR Filter

Up to 130 Million Taps per Second

256 20-Bit Programmable Coefficients

Programmable Decimation Rates: 1, 2, 3 . . . 32

Bidirectional Synchronization Circuitry

Phase Aligns NCOs

Synchronizes Data Output Clocks

Serial or Parallel Baseband Outputs

Pin Selectable Serial or Parallel

Serial Works with SHARC, ADSP-21xx, Most Other

DSPs

16-Bit Parallel Port, Interleaved I and Q Outputs

Two Separate Control and Configuration Ports

Generic ␮P Port, Serial Port

COS

–SIN

␮P

OR SERIAL

CONTROL

EXTERNAL

SYNC

CIRCUITRY

COMPLEX

NCO

JTAG

PORT

both narrowband and wideband carriers to be extracted. The

RAM-based architecture allows easy reconfiguration for multi-

mode applications.

The decimating filters remove unwanted signals and noise from

the channel of interest. When the channel of interest occupies

less bandwidth than the input signal, this rejection of out-of-

band noise is called “processing gain.” By using large decima-

tion factors, this “processing gain” can improve the SNR of the

ADC by 36 dB or more. In addition, the programmable RAM

Coefficient filter allows antialiasing, matched filtering, and

static equalization functions to be combined in a single, cost-

effective filter.

3.3 V Optimized CMOS Process

JTAG Boundary Scan

The input port accepts a 16-bit Mantissa, a 3-bit Exponent,

and an A/B Select pin. These allow direct interfacing with the

AD6600, AD6640, AD9042 and most other high speed ADCs.

Three input modes are provided: Single Channel Real, Single

Channel Complex, and Diversity Channel Real.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD6620 is a digital receiver with four cascaded signal-

processing elements: a frequency translator, two fixed-

coefficient decimating filters, and a programmable coefficient

decimating filter. All inputs are 3.3 V LVCMOS compatible.

All outputs are LVCMOS and 5 V TTL compatible.

When paired with an interleaved sampler such as the AD6600,

the AD6620 can process two data streams in the Diversity

Channel Real input mode. Each channel is processed with co-

herent frequency translation and output sample clocks. In addi-

tion, external synchronization pins are provided to facilitate

coherent frequency translation and output sample clocks among

several AD6620s. These features can ease the design of systems

with diversity antennas or antenna arrays.

As ADCs achieve higher sampling rates and dynamic range, it

becomes increasingly attractive to accomplish the final IF stage

of a receiver in the digital domain. Digital IF Processing is less

expensive, easier to manufacture, more accurate, and more

flexible than a comparable highly selective analog stage.

The AD6620 diversity channel decimating receiver is designed

to bridge the gap between high speed ADCs and general pur-

pose DSPs. The high resolution NCO allows a single carrier to

be selected from a high speed data stream. High dynamic range

decimation filters with a wide range of decimation rates allow

Units are packaged in an 80-lead PQFP (plastic quad flatpack)

and specified to operate over the industrial temperature range

(–40°C to +85°C).

REV. 0

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and

reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its

use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties

which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or

otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.

Tel: 781/329-4700

Fax: 781/326-8703

World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com

AD6620

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARCHITECTURE

As shown in Figure 1, the AD6620 has four main signal pro-

cessing stages: a Frequency Translator, two Cascaded Integrator

Comb FIR Filters (CIC2, CIC5), and a RAM Coefficient FIR

Filter (RCF). Multiple modes are supported for clocking data

into and out of the chip. Programming and control is accom-

plished via serial and microprocessor interfaces.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ARCHITECTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

SPECIFICATIONS/TIMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

PIN CONFIGURATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

INPUT DATA PORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

OUTPUT DATA PORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

FREQUENCY TRANSLATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Input data to the chip may be real or complex. If the input data

is real, it may be clocked in as a single channel or interleaved

with a second channel. The two-channel input mode, called

Diversity Channel Real, is typically used in diversity receiver

applications. Input data is clocked in 16-bit parallel words,

IN[15:0]. This word may be combined with exponent input bits

EXP[2:0] when the AD6620 is being driven by floating-point or

gain-ranging analog-to-digital converters such as the AD6600.

Frequency translation is accomplished with a 32-bit complex

Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO). Real data entering

this stage is separated into in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q)

components. This stage translates the input signal from a digital

intermediate frequency (IF) to baseband. Phase and amplitude

dither may be enabled on-chip to improve spurious performance

of the NCO. A phase offset word is available to create a known

phase relationship between multiple AD6620s.

2ND ORDER CASCADED INTEGRATOR

COMB FILTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5TH ORDER CASCADED INTEGRATOR

COMB FILTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

RAM COEFFICIENT FILTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

CONTROL REGISTERS AND ON-CHIP RAM . . . . . . . 27

PROGRAMMING THE AD6620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

MICROPORT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

SERIAL PORT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

JTAG BOUNDARY SCAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Following frequency translation is a fixed coefficient, high speed

decimating filter that reduces the sample rate by a program-

mable ratio between 2 and 16. This is a second order, cascaded

integrator comb FIR filter shown as CIC2 in Figure 1. (Note:

Decimation of 1 in CIC2 requires 2× or greater clock into

AD6620). The data rate into this stage equals the input data

rate, f_SAMP. The data rate out of CIC2, f_SAMP2, is determined by

the decimation factor, M_CIC2

.

RCF

I-RAM

256

؋

20

3

EXP[2:0]

INPUT

DATA

INTERLEAVE

16

C-RAM

256

؋

20

DE-

INTERLEAVE

M

IN[15:0]

RCF

MULTI-

PLEXER

CIC5

Q-RAM

256

؋

20

M

SCALING

CICS

FREQUENCY

TRANSLATOR

I

3

MULTI-

PLEXER

CIC2

18

f

SAMP5

23

16

EXP

SCALING

23

M

SCALING

CICS

18

Q

OUTPUT

f

SAMP2

SCALING, S

DV

I/Q

OUT

COMPLEX

NCO

OUT

RCF COEFFICIENTS

NUMBER OF TAPS

DECIMATE FACTOR

ADDRESS OFFSET

EXPLNV,

EXPOFF

A/B

OUT

MULTIPLEXER

CIC2, CIC5

DECIMATE FACTORS

SCALE FACTORS

PHASE

OFFSET

f

SAMP

OUTPUT

SCALE

FACTOR

NCO FREQUENCY

PHASE OFFSET

DITHER

SERIAL

PARALLEL

16

CLK

A/B

TIMING

SYNC MASK

CONTROL REGISTERS

RESET

OUT[15:0]

SCLK

SDI

INPUT MODE

MICROPORT AND

SERIAL ACCESS

REAL, DUAL, COMPLEX

FIXED OR WITH EXPONENT

SYNC M/S

PARALLEL

OUTPUTS

AND

SDO

16

SYNC NCO

SYNC CIC

SYNC RCF

SDFS

SDFE

SBM

SYNC

I/O

SERIAL I/O

JTAG

MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACE

WL[1:0]

AD

SDIV[3:0]

TCK TMS TDI TDO D[7:0] A[2:0]

R/W

MODE PAR/SER

TRST

CS

DS DTACK

(RDY)

(W/R) (R/D)

Figure 1. Block Diagram

–2–

REV. 0

AD6620

Following CIC2 is the second fixed-coefficient decimating filter.

This filter, CIC5, further reduces the sample rate by a program-

mable ratio from 1 to 32. The data rate out of CIC5, f_SAMP5, is

The overall filter response for the AD6620 is the composite of

all three cascaded decimating filters: CIC2, CIC5, and RCF.

Each successive filter stage is capable of narrower transition

bandwidths but requires a greater number of CLK cycles to

calculate the output. More decimation in the first filter stage will

minimize overall power consumption. Data comes out via a

parallel port or a serial interface.

determined by the decimation factors of M_CIC5and M_CIC2

.

Each CIC stage is a FIR filter whose response is defined by the

decimation rate. The purpose of these filters is to reduce the

data rate of the incoming signal so that the final filter stage, a

FIR RAM coefficient sum-of-products filter (RCF), can calcu-

late more taps per output. As shown in Figure 1, on-chip multi-

plexers allow both CIC filters to be bypassed if a multirate clock

is used.

Figure 2 illustrates the basic function of the AD6620: to select

and filter a single channel from a wide input spectrum. The

frequency translator “tunes” the desired carrier to baseband.

CIC2 and CIC5 have fixed order responses; the RCF filter

provides the sharp transitions. More detail is provided in later

sections of the data sheet.

The fourth stage is a sum-of-products FIR filter with program-

mable 20-bit coefficients, and decimation rates programmable

from 1 to 32. The RAM Coefficient FIR Filter (RCF in Figure

1) can handle a maximum of 256 taps.

(–f

2 TO f

2)

samp/

WIDEBAND INPUT SPECTRUM

SIGNAL OF INTEREST "IMAGE"

samp/

SIGNAL OF

INTEREST

C'

C

A

A'

B

B'

D

D'

–f /2

–3f /8 –5f /16 –f /4 –3f /16 –f /8

–f /16

f

/16

f

/8

3f /16

f

/4

5f /16

3f /8

S

f /2

S

DC

S

Figure 2a. Wideband Input Spectrum (e.g., 30 MHz from High Speed ADC)

NCO "TUNES" SIGNAL TO BASEBAND

AFTER FREQUENCY TRANSLATION

C'

C

A'

A

B'

B

D'

D

–f /2

–3f /8 –5f /16

–f /4 –3f /16 –f /8

–f /16

DC

f

/16

f

/8

3f /16

f

/4

5f /16

3f /8

f /2

S

Figure 2b. Frequency Translation (e.g. Single 1 MHz Channel Tuned to Baseband)

CIC2, CIC5, AND RCF

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

FREQUENCY

Figure 2c. Baseband Signal is Decimated and Filtered by CIC2, CIC5, RCF

REV. 0

–3–

AD6620–SPECIFICATIONS

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Test

Level

AD6620AS

Typ

Parameter

Min

Max

Units

VDD

I

3.0

3.3

3.6

V

T_AMBIENT

IV

–40

+25

+85

°C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Test

AD6620AS

Parameter (Conditions)

Temp

Level

Min

Typ

Max

Units

LOGIC INPUTS^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}(NOT 5 V TOLERANT)

Logic Compatibility

Full

3.3 V CMOS

Logic “1” Voltage

Full

I

2.0

VDD + 0.3

V

Logic “0” Voltage

Logic “1” Current

Logic “0” Current

Input Capacitance

Full

+25°C

I

V

–0.3

0.8

10

V

1

4

µA

pF

LOGIC OUTPUTS^{2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

Logic Compatibility

Full

3.3 V CMOS/TTL

VDD – 0.2

Logic “1” Voltage (I_OH= 0.5 mA)

Logic “0” Voltage (I_OL= 1.0 mA)

I

2.4

V

0.2

0.4

IDD SUPPLY CURRENT

CLK = 20 MHz¹²

CLK = 65 MHz¹³

Reset Mode¹⁴

Full

V

I

52

167

mA

227

1

POWER DISSIPATION

CLK = 20 MHz¹²

CLK = 65 MHz¹³

Reset Mode¹⁴

Full

V

I

170

550

mW

750

3.3

NOTES

¹Input-Only Pins: CLK, RESET, IN[15:0], EXP[2:0], A/B, PAR/SEL.

²Bidirectional Pins: SYNC_NCO, SYNC_CIC, SYNC_RCF.

³Microinterface Input Pins: DS (RD), R/W (WR), CS.

⁴Microinterface Bidirectional Pins: A[2:0], D[7:0].

⁵JTAG Input Pins: TRST, TCK, TMS, TDI.

⁶Serial Mode Input Pins: SDI, SBM, WL[1:0], AD, SDIV[3:0].

⁷Serial Mode Bidirectional Pins: SCLK, SDFS.

⁸Output Pins: OUT[15:0], DV_OUT, A/B_OUT, I/Q_OUT

⁹Microinterface Output Pins: DTACK (RDY).

¹⁰JTAG Output Pins: TDO.

.

¹¹Serial Mode Output Pins: SDO, SDFE.

¹²Conditions for IDD @ 20 MHz. M_CIC2= 2, M_CIC5= 2, M_RCF= 1, 4 RCF taps of alternating positive and negative full scale.

¹³Conditions for IDD @ 65 MHz. M_CIC2= 2, M_CIC5= 2, M_RCF= 1, 4 RCF taps of alternating positive and negative full scale.

¹⁴Conditions for IDD in Reset (RESET = 0).

Specifications subject to change without notice.

–4–

REV. 0

AD6620

TIMING CHARACTERISTICS _(C

_LOAD= 40 pF All Outputs)

Test

Level

AD6620AS

Typ

Parameter (Conditions)

Temp

Min

Max

Units

CLK Timing Requirements:

t_CLK

CLK Period

CLK Width Low

CLK Width High

Full

I

IV

15.4

7.0

ns

t_CLKL

t_CLKH

0.5 × t_CLK

Reset Timing Requirements:

t_RESL

RESET Width Low

Full

I

30.0

ns

Input Data Timing Requirements:

t_SI

Input¹to CLK Setup Time

Full

IV

–1.0

6.5

ns

t_HI

Input¹to CLK Hold Time

Parallel Output Switching Characteristics:

t_DPR

t_DPF

t_DPR

t_DPF

t_DPR

t_DPF

t_DPR

t_DPF

CLK to OUT[15:0] Rise Delay

Full

IV

8.0

7.5

6.5

5.5

7.0

6.0

7.0

5.5

19.5

19.0

11.5

19.5

13.5

19.5

13.5

ns

CLK to OUT[15:0] Fall Delay

CLK to DV_OUTRise Delay

CLK to DV_OUTFall Delay

CLK to I_QOUTRise Delay

CLK to I_QOUTFall Delay

CLK to A_BOUTRise Delay

CLK to A_BOUTFall Delay

SYNC Timing Requirements:

t_SY

t_HY

SYNC²to CLK Setup Time

SYNC²to CLK Hold Time

Full

IV

–1.0

6.5

ns

SYNC Switching Characteristics:

t_DY

CLK to SYNC³Delay Time

Full

V

7.0

23.5

ns

Serial Input Timing:

t_SSI

SDI to SCLKt Setup Time

Full

IV

1.0

2.0

4.0

1.0

2.0

ns

t_HSI

t_HSRF

t_SSF

t_HSF

SDI to SCLKtHold Time

SDFS to SCLKuHold Time

SDFS to SCLKt Setup Time⁴

SDFS to SCLKtHold Time⁴

Serial Frame Output Timing:

t_DSE

SCLKuto SDFE Delay Time

Full

IV

V

IV

3.5

4.5

11.0

ns

t_SDFEH

t_DSO

SDFE Width High

SCLKuto SDO Delay Time

t_SCLK

SCLK Switching Characteristics, SBM = “1”:

t_SCLK

SCLK Period³

Full

I

2 × t_CLK

ns

t_SCLKL

t_SCLKH

t_SCLKD

SCLK Width Low

SCLK Width High

CLK to SCLK Delay Time

V

0.5 × t_SCLK

6.5

1.0

13.0

4.0

Serial Frame Timing, SBM = “1”:

t_DSF

t_SDFSH

SCLKu to SDFS Delay Time

SDFS Width High

Full

IV

V

ns

t_SCLK

SCLK Timing Requirements, SBM = “0”:

t_SCLK

SCLK Period

Full

I

IV

15.4

0.4 × t_SCLK

ns

t_SCLKL

t_SCLKH

SCLK Width Low

SCLK Width High

0.5 × t_SCLK

NOTES

¹Specification pertains to: IN[15:0], EXP[2:0], A/B.

²Specification pertains to: SYNC_NCO, SYNC_CIC, SYNC_RCF.

³SCLK period will be ≥ 2 × t_CLKwhen AD6620 is Serial Bus Master (SBM = 1) depending on the SDIV word.

⁴SDFS setup and hold time must be met, even when configured as outputs, since internally the signal is sampled at the pad.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

REV. 0

–5–

AD6620

TIMING CHARACTERISTICS _(C

_LOAD= 40 pF All Outputs)

Test

Level

AD6620AS

Typ

Parameter (Conditions)

Temp

Min

Max

Units

MICROPROCESSOR PORT, MODE = 0

MODE 0 Input Timing Requirements:

t_SC

t_HC

t_HA

t_ZR

t_ZD

t_SAM

Control¹to CLK Setup Time

Control¹to CLK Hold Time

Address²to CLK Hold Time

CS to Data Enabled Time

CS to Data Disabled Time

CS to Address/Data Setup Time

Full

IV

3.0

5.0

3.0

ns

5.0

0.0

MODE 0 Read Switching Characteristics:

t_DD

CLK to Data Valid Time

Full

I

IV

10.0

4.0

15.0

30.0

19.5

ns

t_RDY

RD to RDY Time

MODE 0 Write Timing Requirements:

t_SC

Control¹to CLK Setup Time

Full

IV

3.0

5.0

3.0

0.0

ns

t_HC

t_HM

t_HA

t_SAM

Control¹to CLK Hold Time

Micro Data³to CLK Hold Time

Address²to CLK Hold Time

Address/Data Setup Time to CS

MODE 0 Write Switching Characteristics:

t_RDYRD to RDY Time

Full

IV

4.0

19.5

ns

MICROPROCESSOR PORT, MODE = 1

MODE1 Input Timing Requirements:

t_SC

t_HC

t_HA

t_ZR

Control¹to CLK Setup Time

Control¹to CLK Hold Time

Address²to CLK Hold Time

CS to Data Enabled Time

CS to Data Disabled Time

Address/Data Setup Time to CS

Full

IV

3.0

5.0

3.0

ns

5.0

t_ZD

t_SAM

0.0

MODE1 Read Switching Characteristics:

t_DD

CLK to Data Valid Time

CLK to DTACK Time

Full

I

V

10.0

5.5

30.0

15.5

ns

t_DTACK

MODE1 Write Timing Requirements:

t_SC

Control¹to CLK Setup Time

Full

IV

0.0

5.0

6.5

3.0

0.0

ns

t_HC

t_HM

t_HA

t_SAM

Control¹to CLK Hold Time

Micro Data³to CLK Hold Time

Address²to CLK Hold Time

Address/Data Setup Time to CS

MODE1 Write Switching Characteristics:

t_DTACK

CLK to DTACK Time

Full

V

5.5

15.5

ns

NOTES

¹Specification pertains to: R/W (WR), DS (RD), CS.

²Specification pertains to: A[2:0].

³Specification pertains to: D[7:0].

Specifications subject to change without notice.

REV. 0

–6–

AD6620

TIMING DIAGRAMS

CLK, INPUTS, PARALLEL OUTPUTS

SYNC PULSES: SLAVE OR MASTER

RESET with PAR/SER = “1” establishes Parallel Outputs active.

CLK

t_CLK

t_CLKH

t_HY

t_SY

SYNC NCO

SYNC CIC

SYNC RCF

CLK

t_CLKL

Figure 6. SYNC Slave Timing Requirements

Figure 3. CLK Timing Requirements

t_DY

CLK

SYNC NCO

SYNC CIC

SYNC RCF

t_HI

t_SI

IN[15:0]

EXP[2:0]

A/B

DATA

Figure 7. SYNC Master Delay

Figure 4. Input Data Timing Requirements

RESET

t_DPR

t_DPF

t_RESL

CLK

Figure 8. Reset Timing Requirements

DV

VALID OUTPUT DATA

OUT

I/Q

Q

I

OUT

I

Q

B

OUT[15:0]

A

B

Figure 5. Parallel Output Switching Characteristics

REV. 0

–7–

AD6620

SERIAL PORT: BUS MASTER

SERIAL PORT: CASCADE MODE

RESET with PAR/SER = “0” establishes Serial Port active.

SBM = “1” puts AD6620 in Serial Bus Master mode SCLK is

output; SDFS is output.

RESET with PAR/SER = “0” establishes Serial Port active.

SBM = “0” puts AD6620 in Serial Port Cascade mode, SCLK

is input; SDFS is input.

t_SCLK

CLK

t_SCLKH

t_SCLKD

SCLK

t_SCLK

t_SCLKL

t_SCLKH

Figure 13. SCLK Timing Requirements

SCLK

t_SCLKL

SCLK

Figure 9. SCLK Switching Characteristics

t_SSI

t_HSI

SCLK

SDI

DATA

Figure 14. Serial Input Data Timing Requirements

t_SSI

t_HSI

SDI

DATA

SCLK

SDFS

Figure 10. Serial Input Data Timing Requirements

t_SSF

t_HSF

t_DSF

t_DSE

SCLK

Figure 15. SDFS Timing Requirements

t_SDFSH

SDFS

SDFE

t_SDFEH

t_DSE

t_DSO

SCLK

SDO

Figure 11. Serial Frame Switching Characteristics

I

Q

0

I

14

1

15

t_SDFEH

t_DSO

SDFE

Figure 16. SDO, SDFE Switching Characteristics

SCLK

SDO

I

13

15

14

Figure 12. Serial Output Data Switching Characteristics

REV. 0

–8–

AD6620

MICROPORT MODE0, READ

Timing is synchronous to CLK; MODE = 0.

t_DD

t_HC

1

CLK

N

N+1

N+2

N+3

N+4

N

2

WR

t_SC

2

RD

t_HC

3

CS

t_ZD

t_ZR

DATA VALID

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

t_HA

t_SAM

ADDRESS VALID

t_RDY

1

RDY

NOTES:

1

RDY IS DRIVEN LOW ASYNCHRONOUSLY BY RD AND CS GOING LOW AND RETURNS HIGH ON THE RISING EDGE

OF CLK "N+3" FOR INTERNAL ACCESS (A[2:0] = 000), CLK "N+2" OTHERWISE.

2

3

THE SIGNAL, WR, MAY REMAIN HIGH AND RD MAY REMAIN LOW TO CONTINUE READ MODE.

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+4 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE READ.

Figure 17. MODE0 Read Timing Requirements and Switching Characteristics

MICROPORT MODE0, WRITE

Timing is synchronous to CLK; MODE = 0.

t_HC

t_SC

1

CLK

N

N+1

N+2

N+3

N*

2

WR

2

RD

t_SC

t_HC

3

CS

t_SAM

t_HM

DATA VALID

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

RDY

t_HA

ADDRESS VALID

t_SAM

t_RDY

NOTES:

1

RDY IS DRIVEN LOW ASYNCHRONOUSLY BY WR AND CS GOING LOW AND RETURNS HIGH ON THE

RISING EDGE OF CLK "N+2".

2

3

THESE SIGNALS (R/W AND DS) MAY REMAIN IN LOW STATE TO CONTINUE WRITING DATA.

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+3 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE WRITE.

* THE NEXT WRITE MAY BE INITIATED ON CLK, N*.

Figure 18. MODE0 Write Timing Requirements and Switching Characteristics

–9–

REV. 0

AD6620

MICROPORT MODE1, READ

Timing is synchronous to CLK; MODE = 1.

t_DD

t_HC

1

N

N+3

N+4

N+1

N+2

N

CLK

2

t_SC

R/W

2

DS

t_SC

t_HC

3

CS

t_ZD

t_ZR

DATA VALID

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

t_SAM

t_HA

ADDRESS VALID

t_DTACK

DTACK

NOTES:

1

DTACK IS DRIVEN LOW ON THE RISING EDGE OF CLK "N+3" FOR INTERNAL ACCESS (A[2:0] = 000),

CLK "N=2" OTHERWISE.

2

THE SIGNAL, R/W MAY REMAIN HIGH AND DS MAY REMAIN LOW TO CONTINUE READ MODE.

3

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+4 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE ACCESS

AND FORCE DTACK HIGH.

Figure 19. MODE1 Read Timing Requirements and Switching Characteristics

MICROPORT MODE1, WRITE

Timing is synchronous to CLK; MODE = 1.

t_SC

t_HC

N+2

1

CLK

N

N+3

N*

N+1

2

R/W

2

DS

t_HC

t_SC

3

CS

t_SAM

t_HM

D[7:0]

DATA VALID

t_SAM

t_HA

A[2:0]

ADDRESS VALID

t_DTACK

DTACK

t_DTACK

NOTES:

1

ON RISING EDGE OF "N+3" CLK, DTACK IS DRIVEN LOW.

2

3

THESE SIGNALS (R/W AND DS) MAY REMAIN IN LOW STATE TO CONTINUE WRITING DATA.

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+3 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE WRITE

AND FORCE DTACK HIGH.

* THE NEXT WRITE MAY BE INITIATED ON CLK, N*.

Figure 20. MODE1 Write Timing Requirements and Switching Characteristics

–10–

REV. 0

AD6620

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS

Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +4.5 V

Input Voltage . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V (Not 5 V Tolerant)

Output Voltage Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V

Load Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 pF

Junction Temperature Under Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+130°C

Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (5 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+280°C

I. 100% Production Tested.

II. 100% Production Tested at +25°C, and Sampled Tested at

Specified Temperatures.

III. Sample Tested Only.

IV. Parameter Guaranteed by Design and Analysis.

V. Parameter is Typical Value Only.

*Stresses greater than those listed above may cause permanent damage to the

device. These are stress ratings only; functional operation of the device at these

or any other conditions greater than those indicated in the operational sections of

this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions

for extended periods may affect device reliability.

VI. 100% Production Tested at +25°C, and Sampled Tested at

Temperature Extremes.

Thermal Characteristics

80-Lead Plastic Quad Flatpack:

θ_JA= 44°C/Watt

ORDERING GUIDE

Package

Option

Model

Temperature Range

Package Description

AD6620AS

–40°C to +85°C (Ambient)

80-Lead PQFP (Plastic Quad Flatpack)

S-80A

AD6620S/PCB

Evaluation Board with AD6620AS and Software

CAUTION

ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily

accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.

Although the AD6620 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may

occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD

precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.

WARNING!

ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE

REV. 0

–11–

AD6620

PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

Name

Type

Description

VDD

VSS

P

G

+3.3 V Supply

Ground

CLK

I

Input Clock

RESET

IN[15:0]

EXP[2:0]

A/B

I

Active Low Reset Pin

Input Data (Mantissa)

Input Data (Exponent)

Channel (A/B) Select

SYNC_NCO

SYNC_CIC

SYNC_RCF

MODE

A[2:0]

I/O

I

Sync Signal for NCO

Sync Signal for CIC Stages

Sync Signal for RCF

Sets Microport Mode: Mode 1, (MODE = 1), Mode 0, (MODE = 0)

Microprocessor Interface Address

Microprocessor Interface Data

I

D[7.0]

I/O/T

DS or RD

R/W or WR

CS

I

O

I

O

I

Mode 1: Data Strobe Line, Mode 0: Read Signal

Read/Write Line (Write Signal)

Chip Select, Enables the Chip for µP Access

Acknowledgment of a Completed Transaction (Signals when µP Port Is Ready for an Access)

Parallel/Serial Control Select (PAR = 1, SER = 0)

Data Valid Pin for the Parallel Output Data

Signals to Which Channel the Output Belongs to (A = 1, B = 0)

Signals Whether I or Q Data Is Present (I = 1, Q = 0)

Test Reset Pin

DTACK or RDY

PAR/SER

DV_OUT

A/B_OUT

I/Q_OUT

TRST

TCK

I

Test Clock Input

TMS

I

Test Mode Select Input

TDI

I

Test Data Input

TDO

I

Test Data Output

Pin Types: I = Input, O = Output, P = Power Supply, G = Ground, T = Three-state.

SHARED PINS

Parallel Outputs (PAR/SER = 1 at RESET)

Serial Port (PAR/SER = 0 at RESET)

Name

Type

Description

Name

Type

Description

OUT15

O

Parallel Output Data

SCLK

I/O

Serial Clock Input (SBM =0)

Serial Clock Output (SBM = 1)

OUT14

OUT13

OUT12

O

Parallel Output Data

SDI

SDO

SDFS

I

Serial Data Input

Serial Data Output

Serial Data Frame Sync Input (SBM = 0)

Serial Data Frame Sync Output (SBM = 1)

O/T

I/O

OUT11

OUT10

OUT9

OUT8

OUT7

OUT[6:4]

OUT3

OUT2

OUT1

OUT0

O

Parallel Output Data

Parallel Output Data (LSB)

SDFE

SBM

WL1

WL0

AD

O

I

Serial Data Frame End

Serial Bus Master (Master = 1, Cascade = 0)

Serial Port Word Length, Bit 1

Serial Port Word Length, Bit 0

Append Data

Unused, Do Not Connect

SCLK Divide Value, Bit 3

SCLK Divide Value, Bit 2

SCLK Divide Value, Bit 1

SCLK Divide Value, Bit 0

I

NC

SDIV3

SDIV2

SDIV1

SDIV0

I

Pin Types: I = Input, O = Output, P = Power Supply, G = Ground, T = Three-state.

REV. 0

–12–

AD6620

PIN CONFIGURATIONS

Parallel Output Data

80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61

1

2

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43

D6

D5

OUT0 (LSB)

PIN 1

IDENTIFIER

A/B

OUT

3

D4

I/Q

OUT

4

VSS

D3

VDD

DV

5

OUT

6

D2

PAR/SER

RESET

TRST

7

D1

8

VDD

D0

9

TCK

AD6620

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

DS

DTACK

R/W

TMS

TOP VIEW

TDO

(Not to Scale)

TDI

VSS

VDD

MODE

A2

SYNC NCO

SYNC CIC

SYNC RCF

A1

A0

VSS

CLK

CS

EXP0

EXP1

42 A/B

41 IN0 (LSB)

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Serial Port

80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61

1

2

D6

D5

60 SDIV0

PIN 1

IDENTIFIER

59

58

57

A/B

OUT

3

D4

I/Q

OUT

4

VSS

D3

VDD

5

56 DV

OUT

6

D2

55

54

53

PAR/SER

7

D1

RESET

TRST

8

VDD

D0

9

52 TCK

AD6620

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

51

DS

DTACK

R/W

TMS

50

TDO

49

48

47

46

45

TDI

VSS

VDD

MODE

A2

SYNC NCO

SYNC CIC

SYNC RCF

A1

A0

44 VSS

43

CS

EXP0

EXP1

CLK

42 A/B

41 IN0

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

THE HIGHEST NUMBERED BIT IS THE MSB FOR ALL PORTS

NC = NO CONNECT

REV. 0

–13–

AD6620

400

375

350

325

300

275

0

–20

RCF DECIMATION

–40

–60

–80

CIC5 DECIMATION

–100

–120

–140

CIC2 DECIMATION

250

225

1

2

3

4

5

0

1

2

3

LOG2 – M

COMPOSITE FREQUENCY RESPONSE – MHz

Figure 21. Typical Power vs. Decimation Rates

Figure 24. High Decimation GSM Filter

Input sample rate 65 MSPS, decimation is 240, FIR taps is 240.

Unshown spectrum is below that shown. Decimation distribu-

tion is 3, 10, 8, respectively.

0

SPUR = –104dB

PHASE DITHER OFF

–12

–24

–36

–48

–60

–72

–84

–96

–108

0

–20

–40

–60

–80

–100

–120

–140

–120

–132

0

f

SAMP

Figure 22. Typical NCO Spur Without Dither

0

2

4

6

8

0

COMPOSITE FREQUENCY RESPONSE – MHz

SPUR = –118dB

PHASE DITHER ON

–12

Figure 25. High Decimation AMPS Filter

–24

–36

–48

–60

–72

–84

–96

–108

Input sample rate 58.32 MSPS, decimation is 300, FIR taps is

128. Unshown spectrum is below that shown. Decimation

distribution among CIC2, CIC5 and RCF is 10, 30 and 1,

respectively.

–120

–132

0

f

SAMP

Figure 23. Worst Case NCO Spur with Dither

REV. 0

–14–

AD6620

INPUT DATA PORT

Thus for fixed-point ADCs, the exponents are typically static

and no input scaling is used in the AD6620.

The input data port accepts a clock (CLK), a 16-bit mantissa

IN[15:0], a 3-bit exponent EXP[2:0], and channel select

Pin A/B. These pins allow direct interfacing to both standard

fixed-point ADCs such as the AD9225 and AD6640, as well as

to gain-ranging ADCs such as the AD6600. These inputs are

not +5 V tolerant and the ADC I/O should be set to +3.3 V.

D11 (MSB)

IN15

The input data port accepts data in one of three input modes:

Single Channel Real, Diversity Channel Real, or Single Channel

Complex. The input mode is selected by programming the Input

Mode Control Register located at internal address space 300h.

AD6640

AD6620

D0 (LSB)

IN4

Single Channel Real mode is used when a single channel ADC

drives the input to the AD6620. Diversity Channel Real mode is

the two channel mode used primarily for diversity receiver appli-

cations. Single Channel Complex mode accepts complex data in

conjunction with the A/B input which identifies in-phase and

quadrature samples (primarily for cascaded 6620s).

IN3

IN2

IN1

IN0

EXP2

EXP1

EXP0

A/B

+3.3V

The input data port is sampled on the rising edge of CLK at a

maximum rate of 65 MSPS. The 16-bit mantissa, IN[15:0] is

interpreted as a twos complement integer. For most applications

with ADCs having fewer than 16 bits, the active bits should be

MSB justified and the unused LSBs should be tied low.

Figure 26. Typical Interconnection of the AD6640 Fixed

Point ADC and the AD6620

Scaling with Floating-Point ADCs

An example of the exponent control feature combines the AD6600

and the AD6620. The AD6600 is an 11-bit ADC with 3 bits of

gain ranging. In effect, the 11-bit ADC provides the mantissa,

and the 3 bits of relative signal strength indicator (RSSI) are the

exponent. Only five of the eight available steps are used by the

AD6600. See the AD6600 data sheet for additional details.

The 3-bit exponent, EXP[2:0] is interpreted as an unsigned

integer. The exponent can be modified by the 3-bit exponent

offset ExpOff (Control Register 0x305, Bits (7–5)) and an expo-

nent invert ExpInv (Control Register 0x305, Bit 4).

ExpOff sets the offset of the input exponent, EXP[2:0]. ExpInv

determines the direction of this offset. Equations below show

how the exponent is handled.

For gain-ranging ADCs such as the AD6600,

scaled _input = IN ×2^{– mod(7–Exp+ExpOff, 8)}, ExpInv =1

scaled _input = IN ×2^{– mod(Exp+ExpOff, 8)}, ExpInv = 0

scaled _input = IN ×2^{– mod(7–Exp+ExpOff, 8)}, ExpInv =1

where: IN is the value of IN[15:0], Exp is the value of EXP[2:0],

and ExpOff is the value of ExpOff.

The RSSI output of the AD6600 numerically grows with in-

creasing signal strength of the analog input (RSSI = 5 for a large

signal, RSSI = 0 for a small signal). With the Exponent Offset

equal to zero and the Exponent Invert Bit equal to zero, the

AD6620 would consider the smallest signal at the parallel input

(EXP = 0) the largest and, as the signal and EXP word increase,

it shifts the data down internally (EXP = 5, will shift the 11-bit

data right by 5 bits internally before going into the CIC2). The

AD6620 regards the largest signal possible on the AD6600 as

the smallest signal. Thus the Exponent Invert Bit is used to

make the AD6620 exponent agree with the AD6600 RSSI.

When it is set high, it forces the AD6620 to shift the data up for

growing EXP instead of down. The exponent invert bit should

always be set high for use with the AD6600.

where: IN is the value of IN[15:0], Exp is the value of EXP[2:0],

and ExpOff is the value of ExpOff.

Input Scaling

In general there are two reasons for scaling digital data. The

first is to avoid “clipping” or, in the case of the AD6620 register,

“wrap-around” in subsequent stages. Wrap-around is not a

concern for the input data since the NCO is designed to accept

the largest possible input at the AD6620 data port.

The second use of scaling is to preserve maximum dynamic

range though the chip. As data flows from one stage to the next

it is important to keep the math functions performed in the

MSBs. This will keep the desired signal as far above the noise

floor as possible, thus maximizing signal-to-noise ratio.

Scaling with Fixed-Point ADCs

Table I. AD6600 Transfer Function with AD6620 ExpInv = 1,

and No ExpOff

For fixed-point ADCs the AD6620 exponent inputs, EXP[2:0]

are typically not used and should be tied low. The ADC outputs

are tied directly to the AD6620 Inputs, MSB-justified. The

exponent offset (ExpOff) and exponent invert (ExpInv) should

both be programmed to 0. Thus the input equation,

ADC Input

Level

Data

Division

Signal

Reduction

RSSI[2.0]

Largest

101 (5)

100 (4)

011 (3)

010 (2)

001 (1)

000 (0)

/ 32 (<< 2)

/ 16 (<< 3)

/ 8 (<< 4)

/ 4 (<< 5)

/ 2 (<< 6)

1 (<< 7)

–12 dB

–18 dB

–24 dB

–30 dB

–36 dB

–42 dB

scaled _input = IN ×2^{– mod(Exp+ExpOff, 8)}, ExpInv = 0

where: IN is the value of IN[15:0], Exp is the value of EXP[0:2],

and ExpOff is the value of ExpOff, simplifies to,

Smallest

scaled _ input = IN × 2^{– mod(0, 8)}

(ExpInv = 1, ExpOff = 0)

REV. 0

–15–

AD6620

The Exponent Offset is used to shift the data right. For ex-

ample, Table I shows that with no ExpOff shift, 12 dB of range

is lost when the ADC input is at the largest level. This is undes-

ired because it lowers the Dynamic Range and SNR of the sys-

tem by reducing the signal of interest relative to the quantization

noise floor.

Input Timing

The CLK signal is used to sample the input port and clock the

synchronous signal processing stages that follow. The CLK signal

can operate up to 65 MHz and have a duty cycle of 45% to

55%. In applications using high speed ADCs, the ADC sample

clock is typically used to clock the AD6620. Applications that

require a faster signal processing clock than the ADC sample

clock, may employ fractional rate input timing as shown in the

following sections. The input timing requirements vary accord-

ing to the mode of operation. Fractional rate input timing cre-

ates a longer “don’t care” time for the input data so that slower

ADCs need only meet the setup-and-hold conditions for their

data with respect to their own sample clock cycle, rather than

the faster signal processing clock. The ADC sample clock may

be any integer fraction of CLK up to and including 1, as long as

the clock and data rate are less than or equal to 65 MSPS.

To avoid this automatic attenuation of the full-scale ADC sig-

nal, the Exponent Offset is used to move the largest signal (RSSI =

5) up to the point where there is no downshift. In other words,

once the Exponent Invert bit has been set, the Exponent Offset

should be adjusted so that mod(7–5 + ExpOff,8) = 0. This is

the case when Exponent Offset is set to 6 since mod(8, 8) = 0.

Table II illustrates the use of ExpInv and ExpOff when used

with the AD6600 ADC.

Table II. AD6600 Transfer Function with AD6620 ExpInv = 1,

and ExpOff = 6

Single Channel Real Mode

In the Single Channel Real mode the A/B input pin functions as

an active high input enable. If the A/D sample clock is fast enough

to perform the necessary filter functions, full rate input timing

can be used and A/B should be tied high as shown in Figure 28.

ADC Input

Level

Data

Division

Signal

Reduction

RSSI[2.0]

Largest

101 (5)

100 (4)

011 (3)

010 (2)

001 (1)

000 (0)

/ 32 (<< 0)

/ 16 (<< 1)

/ 8 (<< 2)

/ 4 (<< 3)

/ 2 (<< 4)

1 (<< 5)

–0 dB

–6 dB

–12 dB

–18 dB

–24 dB

–30 dB

CLK

t_SI

t_HI

Smallest

IN[15:0]

N

N+1

N+2

N+3

N+4

(ExpInv = 1, ExpOff = 6)

EXP[2:0]

This flexibility in handling the exponent allows the AD6620 to

interface with other gain ranging ADCs besides the AD6600.

The Exponent Offset can be adjusted to allow up to seven

RSSI(EXP) ranges to be used as opposed to the AD6600s five.

It also allows the AD6620 to be tailored in a system that employs

the AD6600, but does not utilize all of its signal range. For

example, if only the first four RSSI ranges are expected to occur

then the Exponent Offset could be adjusted to five, which would

then make RSSI = 4 correspond to the 0 dB point of the AD6620.

A/B

Figure 28. Full Rate Input Timing, Single Channel

Real Mode

When a faster processing clock is used to achieve better filter

performance, the A/D data must be synchronized with the faster

AD6620 CLK signal. This is achieved by having the ADC clock

rate an integer fraction of the AD6620 clock rate. AD6620 input

data is sampled at the slower ADC clock rate. In the Single

Channel Real Mode this is achieved by dynamically controlling

the A/B input and bringing it high before each CLK edge that

data is to be sampled on. A/B must be returned low before the

next high speed clock pulse and the duty cycle of the A/B signal

will therefore be equal to the data-to-clock ratio.

D10 (MSB)

IN15

AD6600

AD6620

CLK

D0 (LSB)

IN4

IN3

t_HI

t_SI

IN[15:0]

IN2

IN1

IN0

N

N+1

EXP[2:0]

RSS12

RSS11

RSS10

EXP2

EXP1

EXP0

A/B

A/B OUT

A/B

Figure 29. Fractional Rate Input Timing (4× CLK), Single

Channel Real Mode

Figure 27. Typical Interconnection of the AD6600 Gain-

Ranging ADC and the AD6620 in a Diversity Application

REV. 0

–16–

AD6620

Diversity Channel Real Mode

Single Channel Complex Mode

In the Diversity Channel Real mode the A/B pin serves not only

as an input enable but also to determine which channel is being

sampled on a given CLK edge. A high on the A/B pin marks

channel A data and a low on A/B marks channel B data. The

AD6620 only accepts the first sample after an A/B transition.

All subsequent samples are disregarded until A/B changes again.

In the Single Channel Complex input mode, A/B high identi-

fies the in-phase samples and A/B low identifies quadrature

samples. The quadrature samples are paired with the previous

in-phase samples. The timing for this mode is the same as that

of the Diversity Channel Real Mode. This mode is useful for

accepting complex output data from another AD6620 or an-

other source to increase filtering and or decimation rates.

When full rate input timing is employed in the Diversity Chan-

nel Real mode, A/B must toggle on every edge of CLK for new

data to be clocked into the AD6620.

In the Single Channel Complex Mode the CIC2 decimation

must be set to two (M_CIC2= 2). This is necessary in order to

allow enough CLK cycles to process the complex input data as

described below.

CLK

First clock cycle: (A/B high).

t_HI

t_SI

– I data loaded from the input port.

– The I data-path gets I × cosine.

– The Q data-path gets I × sine.

– The first integrator of the CIC2 adds these values to its

previous sums.

IN[15:0]

A

B

A

B

A

B

N+2

N

N+1

N+2

EXP[2:0]

A/B

– The rest of the CIC2 is idle.

Second clock cycle: (A/B low).

– Q data loaded from the input port.

– The I data-path gets Q × sine.

Figure 30. Full Rate Input Timing, Diversity Channel Real

Mode

– The Q data-path gets Q × cosine.

If fractional rate input timing is necessary in the Diversity Chan-

nel Real Mode, the A/B pin must toggle at half the rate of the

A/D sample clock. The timing diagram below shows a 3× pro-

cessing clock. In this situation there will be one ADC encode

pulse for every three AD6620 CLK pulses and data must be

taken on every third CLK pulse. The CLK edges that corre-

spond to the latching of A and B channel data are shown in

Figure 31.

– The first integrator of the I path of the CIC2 completes the

sum (I × cosine - Q × sine) and the first integrator of the Q

path of the CIC2 completes the sum j(I × sine + Q × cosine).

– The rest of the CIC2 operates on these sums, which is the

complete complex multiply. The data is then multiplexed

through the rest of the chip as if it were single channel real data.

CLK

t_HI

t_SI

IN[15:0]

A

B

N

EXP[2:0]

A/B

Figure 31. Fractional Rate Input Timing (3× CLK), Diversity

Channel Real Mode

REV. 0

–17–

AD6620

Simplified Input Data Port Schematic

A scale factor is associated with the output port, which allows

the signal level to be adjusted. This scale factor is mapped to

location 309h, Bits 2–0 in the AD6620 internal address space.

This scalar controls the weight of the 16-bit data going to the

parallel port. The scale factor is discussed in the RAM Coeffi-

cient Filter (RCF) section.

Figure 32 details a simplified schematic for the input data port.

The first thing to note is that IN[15:0], EXP[2:0] and A/B are

all synchronously latched with CLK. Note also that upon soft

reset, a seven pipeline delay (sample clock delay) exists in the

data path. This delay is synchronous with CLK, but is in fact

seven valid sample data delays. For instance, in single channel

real mode with full rate timing the delay is seven CLKs. If in-

stead the data rate is one-fourth CLK, then 28 CLKs (i.e.,

seven sample data delays, gated via A/B) occur before valid data

is passed to the NCO stage.

The Parallel Mode provides a 16-bit output port, which consti-

tutes the I and Q data for either one or both channels. This port

can run at a maximum of 65 MHz (32.5 MHz I, 32.5 MHz Q).

This rate assumes that there is a minimum decimation of 2 in

the first filter stage (CIC2) or a 2× or greater CLK is used. This

decimation is required because for every input word there is

both an I and a Q output. When the data rate and clock rate are

the same (Full Rate Input Timing), the minimum decimation of

2 must occur in CIC2. Refer to CIC2 for more detail.

Interfacing AD6620 Inputs to +5 V Logic Gates

None of the inputs to the AD6620 are tolerant of +5 V logic

signals. When interfacing 5 V devices to this product, an interface

gate such as the 74LCX2244 is recommended. If latching must

be performed, 74LCX574 latches may be used. This gate runs

from the +3.3 V supply and is tolerant of +5 V inputs.

DV_OUT

DV_OUTis provided to signal that valid data is present. If this

pin is high, there is a valid data word on the bus. DV_OUTre-

mains high for two speed clock cycles in Single Channel Real

and Single Channel Complex Mode and for four clock cycles in

Diversity Channel Real mode. After DV_OUTreturns low the Q

data will remain until the next data sample.

OUTPUT DATA PORT

Parallel Output Data Port

The AD6620 provides a choice of two output ports: a 16-bit

parallel port and a synchronous serial port. Output operation

using the serial port is discussed in the next section. The parallel

port is limited to 16 bits. Because pins are shared between the

parallel and serial output ports, only one output mode can be

used. The output mode must be set with a hard reset generated

by at least a 30 ns low time on the RESET pin. If the PAR/SER

line is high (Logic “1”), then parallel output data is activated.

The PAR/SER pin should remain static after the output mode

has been set (i.e., PAR/SER should only change when RESET is

low). Data out of the AD6620 is twos complement.

I/Q_OUT

When this pin is high the data word represents I data; when

I/Q_OUTis low Q data is present. This signal will also be low

when DV_OUTis low since the last word of every data phase is Q

data.

SOFT RESET

CLR

LOGIC "1"

Q

D

DELAY 7

ENB

CLK

Q

IN[15:0]

EXP[2:0]

A/B

INT IN[15:0]

INT EXP[2:0]

D

Q

CLR

Q

REGISTER

INT DATA STROBE

Q

CLK

ENB

SET

S

D

1

MULTIPLEXER

S

2

D

Q

C

Q

CLR

DUAL CHANNEL REAL

SINGLE CHANNEL COMPLEX

Figure 32. Simplified Input Data Port Schematic for the AD6620

–18–

REV. 0

AD6620

A/B_OUT

Figure 35 shows the typical interconnections between an AD6620

in serial master mode and a DSP. Refer to the Serial Control

Port section for a detailed description of pin functions and pro-

cedures for writing and reading with relation to the serial port.

Note the 10 kΩ resistors connected to SDI and SDO. These

prevent the lines from toggling when the AD6620 or DSP

three-states these pins.

IF DV_OUTis low, A/B_OUTis always low. When A/B_OUTis high,

A Channel data is available on the output. If DV_OUTremains

high while A/B_OUTis low, then B Channel data is on the output

pins of the chip OUT[15:0].

t_DPR

t_DPF

2

4

CLK

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

DT

DV

OUT

VALID DATA

SDI

SDO

DSP

AD6620

DR

I/Q

I

Q

OUT

SDFS

SDFE

RFS

10k⍀

A/B

OUT

A DATA

Q

SBM

+3.3V

OUT[15:0]

I

A

Figure 35. Typical Serial Data Output Interface to DSP

(Serial Master Mode, SBM = 1)

Figure 33. Parallel Output Data Timing (Single-Channel

Mode)

Figure 36 shows two AD6620s illustrating the cascade capability

for the chip. The first is connected as a serial master and the

second is configured in serial cascade mode. The SDFE signal

of the master is connected to the SDFS of the slave. This allows

the master AD6620 data to be obtained first by the DSP, fol-

lowed by the cascade AD6620 data.

t_DPR

t_DPF

CLK

DV

OUT

VALID DATA

2

4

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

I/Q

I

Q

I

Q

OUT

SCLK

DT

SDI

SDO

A/B

A DATA

B DATA

DSP

OUT

AD6620

DR

SDFS

SDFE

RFS

I

Q

I

Q

B

OUT[15:0]

A

B

SBM

Figure 34. Parallel Output Data Timing (Diversity Channel

Mode)

+3.3V

4

Serial Output Data Port

2

The AD6620 provides a choice of two output ports: a 16-bit

parallel port and a synchronous serial port. The advantage of

using the serial port is that all 23 bits of available data can be

output in the 24-bit or 32-bit mode. The serial output port

shares some of the same pins used by the parallel output port.

As a result, one or the other mode of output may be utilized,

but not both. The output mode must be set with a hard reset

generated by at least a 30 ns low time on the RESET pin. If the

PAR/SER line is low (logic “0”) upon reset, then serial output

data is activated. The PAR/SER pin should remain static after

the output mode has been set (i.e., PAR/SER should only change

when RESET is low).

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

SDI

SDO

AD6620

CASCADE

SDFS

SDFE

10k⍀

SBM

Figure 36. Typical Serial Data Output Interface to DSP

(Serial Cascade Mode, SBM = 0)

Note that the AD6620 cannot be booted through the serial port.

The microport must be used to initialize the device, then serial

operation is supported.

REV. 0

–19–

AD6620

FREQUENCY TRANSLATOR

The AD6620 also supports a serial slave mode, where the serial

clock and interface is provided by a DSP or ASIC that is set to

operate in the master mode. Note that the AD6620 cannot be

booted through the serial port. The microport must be used to

initialize the device, then serial operation is supported.

The first signal processing stage is a frequency translator con-

sisting of two multipliers and a 32-bit complex numerically

controlled oscillator (NCO). The NCO serves as a quadrature

local oscillator capable of producing any analytic frequency

between –f_SAMP/2 and +f_SAMP/2 with a resolution of f_SAMP/2³². In

the Single Channel Real input mode, f_SAMPis equal to f_CLK

multiplied by the fraction of CLK cycles that A/B is high. In the

Diversity Channel Real and Single Channel Complex input

modes, f_SAMPis equal to f_CLKmultiplied by the fraction of CLK

cycles on which A/B has been toggled. The NCO worst case

discrete spur is better than –100 dBc for all output frequencies.

In the serial slave mode, DV_OUTis valid and indicates the pres-

ence of a new word in the output buffers of the shift register.

This pin may thus be used by the DSP to generate an interrupt

to service the serial port. The DSP then generates an SFDS

pulse to drive the AD6620. The first serial clock rising edge

after SDFS makes the first bit available at SDO. The falling

edge of serial clock can be used to sample the data. The total

number of bits are then read from the AD6620 (determined by

the serial port word length). If the DSP has the ability to count

bits, the DSP will know when the complete frame is read. If not,

the DSP can monitor the SDFE pin to determine that the com-

plete frame is read.

The control word, NCO_FREQ is interpreted as a 32-bit un-

signed integer. To translate a channel centered at f_CHto dc,

calculate NCO_FREQ using the equation below. The mod

function is used here to allow for Super Nyquist sampling where

the IF carrier(f_CH) is larger than the sample rate(f_SAMP). The

mod removes the integer portion of the number and forces it

into the 32-bit NCO Frequency Register. If the fraction re-

maining is larger than 0.5, the NCO will be tuning above the

Nyquist rate. The corresponding signal is then aliased back into

the first Nyquist Zone as a negative frequency.

The serial clock provided by the DSP can be asynchronous with

the AD6620 clock and input data. The only constraint is that

the clock be fast enough to read the serial frame prior to the

next frame coming available. Since the AD6620 output is syn-

chronous with its input sample rate the output update rate can

be determined by the user-programmed decimation rate. The

timing diagram in Figure 38 details how serial slave mode is

implemented.

f_CH

NCO_FREQ = 2³²×mod

f_SAMP

In both Single and Diversity Channel Real Input modes, the

output of the translation stage is the complex product of the real

input samples and the complex samples from the NCO. It is

necessary for the subsequent decimating filters to reject the

unwanted image of the channel of interest, as well as any un-

wanted neighboring signals (and their images) not rejected by

previous analog filters.

2

4

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

DT

SDI

SDO

DSP

AD6620

DR

In the Diversity Channel Real Input mode, the same NCO

output words are used for both channel A and B streams, result-

ing in identical phase shifts. In Single Channel Complex mode

both I and Q inputs are multiplied by the quadrature outputs of

the NCO. The I and Q products of the multiply are then pro-

cessed in the AD6620 filter stages.

SDFS

RFS

10k⍀

SDFE

OUT

DV

SBM

IRQ

Figure 37. Typical Serial Data Output Interface to DSP

(Serial Slave Mode, SBM = 0)

Phase Dither

The AD6620 provides a phase dither option for improving the

spurious performance of the NCO. This is controlled via the

NCO Control Register at address 301 hex. When phase dither is

enabled by setting Bit 1 of this register high, spurs due to phase

truncation in the NCO are randomized. The energy from these

spurs is spread into the noise floor and Spurious Free Dynamic

Range is increase at the expense of very slight decreases in the

SNR. Phase dither should be experimented with for each de-

sired NCO frequency and if it is seen to reduce spurs, it should

be considered. The choice of whether Phase Dither is used in a

system will ultimately be decided by the system goals. If lower

spurs are desired at the expense of a slightly raised noise floor, it

should be employed. If a low noise floor is desired and the higher

spurs can be tolerated or filtered by subsequent stages, then

Phase Dither is not needed.

t_DSO

SCLK

DV

PULSEWIDTH IS 2 CLKIN

OUT

SINGLE CHANNEL AND 4 CLKIN

DUAL CHANNEL

DV

OUT

DSP USES FALLING EDGE OF

DV

TO GENERATE SDFS

OUT

SDFS

I_MSB

I_{MSB – 1}

SDO

FIRST DATA IS AVAILABLE THE FIRST

RISING SCLK AFTER SDFS GOES HIGH

Figure 38. Timing for Serial Slave Mode (SBM = 0)

REV. 0

–20–

AD6620

Amplitude Dither

The second dither option is Amplitude Dither or “Complex

Dither.” Amplitude Dither is enabled by setting Bit 2 of the

NCO Control Register at address 0x301 high. Amplitude Dither

improves performance by randomizing the amplitude quantiza-

tion errors within the angular to Cartesian conversion of the

NCO. This dither will be particularly useful when the NCO

frequency is close to an integer submultiple of the Input Data

Rate. However, this option may reduce spurs at the expense of a

slightly raised noise floor. Amplitude Dither and Phase Dither

can be used together, separately or not at all.

t_CLK

t_CHP

t_CPL

CLK

t_CS

t_CH

IN[15:0]

E[2:0]

N+1

N

Phase Offset

The phase offset register adds an offset to the phase accumula-

tor of the NCO. This is a 16-bit register and is interpreted as a

16-bit unsigned integer. A 0 in this register corresponds to a 0

Radian offset and an FFFF hex corresponds to an offset of 2 π

(1 – 1/(2^16)) Radians. This register can be used to allow mul-

tiple AD6620s whose NCOs are synchronized to produce sine

waves with a known and steady phase difference.

A/B

Figure 39. SYNC_NCO Pin

Effects of A/B Input on the NCO

If the AD6620 is run in Single Channel Real mode using frac-

tional rate input timing, the A/B input is used to enable the

NCO advancement. If the A/B line is held high longer than one

clock period, the NCO will advance for each rising edge of the

CLK while A/B is high. This is not normally the desired result

and thus A/B must be taken low after the first CLK period to

prevent anomalous NCO results. See additional details under

Fractional Rate Timing.

NCO Synchronization

In order to achieve phase coherence between several AD6620s,

a SYNC_NCO pin is provided. When the internal register bit,

SYNC_M/S (Bit 3 of internal register 0x300), is set high,

SYNC_NCO provides a synchronization pulse on the rising

edge of CLK. When the SYNC_M/S bit is low, SYNC_NCO

accepts an external synchronization signal sampled on the rising

edge of CLK. When the AD6620 is a slave, the SYNC_NCO

signal need not be a short pulse. It may be taken high and held

for more than a CLK cycle in which case the NCO will be held

inactive until this pin is again lowered. If the device is run as a

sync slave in Single Channel Mode, the SYNC_NCO pin must

be held low for one sample period, usually one clock cycle. If the

device is run in Diversity Channel Real mode, the SYNC_NCO

must be high for two sample periods (clock cycles). In a system

with an array of AD6620s it is not necessary to use one as a

master. It may be desirable to generate a synchronization signal

elsewhere in the system and use that to control the AD6620. An

example of this may be in systems that receive packets of data.

In this case, the NCO my be resynchronized prior to the begin-

ning of the packet, thus giving a consistent phase relationship on

each burst. This allows for ease of use in a large system where

many AD6620s need be synchronized accurately across a large

backplane or installation.

Phase Continuous Tuning with the AD6620

For synchronization purposes, the AD6620 NCO phase is reset

each time the NCO frequency register is either written to or

read from. This is accomplished by forcing an NCO Sync to

occur. Normally, phase-continuous tuning is required on the

transmit path to control spectral leakage. On the receive path

this in not usually a constraint. However, if phase-continuous

tuning is required with the AD6620, it can be accomplished by

configuring the AD6620 as a Sync Slave. In this manner, no

internal NCO sync is generated when the NCO frequency regis-

ter is written to. If multiple AD6620s are synchronized together,

a common external sync pulse can be used to lock each of the

receivers together at the appropriate point in time. It is also

possible to reconfigure the AD6620 after the NCO frequency

register has been written so that the chip is once again a Sync

Master. The next time the NCO phase cycles through 0 degrees,

the NCO sync is exerted and the chip is again synchronized.

The frequency of the SYNC_NCO pulses, and therefore the

accuracy of the synchronization, is determined by the value of

the NCO Sync Control Register at address 302 hex. The value

in this register is the SYNC_MASK and is interpreted as a

32-bit unsigned integer. This value controls the window around

the zero crossing of the NCO output sine wave in which the

NCO will output a SYNC_NCO pulse as a master. As a slave,

the value in this register will determine the number of MSBs

of the output sine wave that are synchronized with the master.

The Master and all slaves should use the same SYNC_MASK

word. This value should almost always be written as all 1s

(FFFFFFFF hex).

2ND ORDER CASCADED INTEGRATOR COMB FILTER

The CIC2 filter is a fixed-coefficient, decimating filter. It is

constructed as a second order CIC filter whose characteristics

are defined only by the decimation rate chosen. This filter can

process signals at the full rate of the input port (65 MHz) in all

input modes. The output rate of this stage is given by the equa-

tion below.

f_SAMP

f_SAMP2

=

M_CIC2

REV. 0

–21–

AD6620

The decimation ratio, MCIC2, is an unsigned integer that may

be between 1 and 16. This stage may be bypassed under certain

conditions by setting, M_CIC2equal to 1. For this to happen the

processing clock rate, f_CLKmust be two or more times the input

data rate, f_SAMP. This is because the I and Q data is processed

in parallel within the CIC2 filter, and the I and Q output data is

then multiplexed through the same data pipe before it enters the

CIC5 filter.

The gain and pass band droop of the CIC2 should be calculated

by the equations above, as well as the filter transfer equations

that follow. If these are unacceptable, they can be compensated

for in subsequent stages.

CIC2 Rejection

The table below illustrates the amount of bandwidth in percent

of the data rate into the CIC2 stage. The data in this table may

be scaled to any other allowable sample rate up to 65 MHz in

Single Channel Mode or 32.5 MHz in Diversity Channel Mode.

The table can be used as a tool to decide how to distribute the

decimation between CIC2, CIC5 and the RCF.

The frequency response of the CIC2 filter is given by the follow-

ing equations.

2

1– z^–M

1– z^–1

CIC2

1

_CIC2+2

H(z)=

×

Table III. SSB CIC2 Alias Rejection Table (f_SAMP= 1)

Bandwidth Shown in Percentage of f_SAMP

2^S

M_CIC2–50 dB –60 dB –70 dB –80 dB –90 dB –100 dB

2

M

f_SAMP

_CIC2× f

2

1.79

1.007

0.858

0.696

0.577

0.49

0.566

0.486

0.395

0.328

0.279

0.242

0.213

0.19

0.318

0.274

0.223

0.186

0.158

0.137

0.121

0.108

0.097

0.089

0.082

0.075

0.07

0.179

0.155

0.126

0.105

0.089

0.077

0.068

0.061

0.055

0.05

0.101

0.087

0.071

0.059

0.05

sin π

1

_CIC2+2

3

4

5

1.508

1.217

1.006

0.853

0.739

0.651

0.581

0.525

0.478

0.439

0.406

0.378

0.353

0.331

H( f )=

×

2^S

f

sin π

f_SAMP

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

0.425

0.374

0.334

0.302

0.275

0.253

0.234

0.217

0.203

0.19

0.044

0.038

0.034

0.031

0.028

0.026

0.024

0.022

0.021

0.02

The scale factor, S_CIC2is a programmable unsigned integer

between 0 and 6. This serves as an attenuator that can reduce

the gain of the CIC2 in 6 dB increments. For the best dynamic

range, S_CIC2should be set to the smallest value possible (i.e.,

lowest attenuation) without creating an overflow condition.

This can be safely accomplished using the equation below,

where input_level is the largest fraction of full scale possible at

the input to this AD6620 (normally 1). The CIC2 scale factor is

not ignored when the CIC2 is bypassed.

0.172

0.157

0.144

0.133

0.124

0.116

0.109

0.046

0.043

0.04

0.037

0.035

0.066

0.061

_CIC2= ceil log₂(M_CIC2²× input_level) –2

Example Calculations

S

Goal: Implement a filter with an Input Sample Rate of 10 MHz

requiring 100 dB of Alias Rejection for a ±7 kHz pass band.

2

M_CIC2

OL_CIC2

=

× input_level

Solution: First determine the percentage of the sample rate that

is represented by the pass band.

_CIC2+2

2^S

7 kHz

BW_FRACTION= 100 ×

= 0.07%

10 MHz

COS

SIN

PHASE

DITHER

AMPLITUDE

DITHER

PHASE

OFFSET

32

PHASE

ACCUMULATOR

1

32

MASKED

COUNT = 0?

1

0

REGISTER

32

SYNC_NCO

32

SYNC

MASK

X4

32

1

REGISTER

32

REGISTER

1

NCO FREQ

Figure 40. NCO Block Diagram

REV. 0

–22–

AD6620

Find the –100 dB column on the right of the table and look

down this column for a value greater than or equal to your

pass band percentage of the clock rate. Then look across to the

extreme left column and find the corresponding decimation

rate. Referring to the table, notice that for a decimation of 4, the

frequency having –100 dB of alias rejection is 0.071 percent

which is slightly greater than the 0.07 percent calculated. There-

fore, the maximum bound on CIC2 decimation for this condi-

tion is four. Additional decimation means less alias rejection

than the 100 dB required.

The set of plots below show a decimation of 16 in the CIC2

filter. The lobes of the filter drop as the decimation rate in-

creases, but the amplitudes of the aliased frequencies increase

because the output rate has been reduced.

0

–20

–40

Note that although an M_CIC2less then four would still yield the

required rejection, overall power consumption is reduced by

decimating as much as possible in this stage. Decimation in

CIC2 lowers the data rate and thus reduces power consumed in

subsequent stages.

–60

–80

The plot below shows the CIC2 transfer function using a deci-

mation of four. The first plot is referenced to the input sample

rate, the complex spectrum from –f_SAMP/2 to f_SAMP/2. The sec-

ond plot is referenced to the CIC2 output rate, the complex

spectrum from –f_SAMP2/2 to f_SAMP2/2. The aliases of the CIC2

can be seen to be “folding back” in toward the edge of the de-

sired filter pass band. It is the level of these aliases as they move

into the desired pass band that are important.

–100

–120

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

f/f

SAMP

0

–20

0

–20

–40

–60

–80

–60

–80

–100

–120

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

f/f

2

SAMP

–100

–120

Figure 42. CIC2 Alias Rejection, M_CIC2= 16

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

5TH ORDER CASCADED INTEGRATOR COMB FILTER

The third signal processing stage, CIC5, implements a sharper

fixed-coefficient, decimating filter than CIC2. The input rate to

this filter is f_SAMP2. The maximum input rate is given by the

equation below. N_CHequals two for Diversity Channel Real

input mode; otherwise N_CHequals one. In order to satisfy this

equation, M_CIC2can be increased, N_CHcan be reduced, or f_CLK

can be increased (reference fractional rate input timing de-

scribed in the Input Timing section).

f/f

SAMP

0

–20

–40

–60

–80

f_CLK

f_SAMP2

≤

2× N_CH

The decimation ratio, M_CIC5, may be programmed from 1 to 32

(all integer values). When M_CIC5= 1, this stage is bypassed and

the CIC5 scale factor is ignored.

–100

–120

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

f/f

2

SAMP

Figure 41. CIC2 Alias Rejection, M_CIC2= 4

REV. 0

–23–

AD6620

The frequency response of the filter is given by the following

equations. The gain and pass band droop of CIC5 should be

calculated by these equations. Both parameters may be com-

pensated for in the RCF stage.

Table IV. SSB CIC5 Alias Rejection Table (f_SAMP2= 1)

M_CIC5–50 dB –60 dB –70 dB –80 dB –90 dB –100 dB

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10.227 8.078

6.393

5.11

5.066

4.107

3.271

2.687

2.27

1.962

1.726

1.54

4.008

3.297

2.636

2.17

1.836

1.588

1.397

1.247

1.125

1.025

0.941

0.87

0.809

0.755

0.708

0.667

0.63

0.597

0.568

0.541

0.516

0.494

0.474

0.455

0.437

0.421

0.406

0.392

0.379

0.367

0.355

3.183

2.642

2.121

1.748

1.48

1.281

1.128

1.007

0.909

0.828

0.76

7.924

6.213

5.068

4.267

3.68

3.233

2.881

2.598

2.365

2.17

6.367

5.022

4.107

3.463

2.989

2.627

2.342

2.113

1.924

1.765

1.631

1.516

1.416

1.328

1.25

1.181

1.119

1.064

1.013

0.967

0.925

0.887

0.852

0.819

0.789

0.761

0.734

0.71

5

1– z^–M

1– z^–1

CIC5

1

_CIC5+5

4.057

3.326

2.808

2.425

2.133

1.902

1.716

1.563

1.435

1.326

1.232

1.151

1.079

1.016

0.96

H(z)=

×

2^S

5

M

f_SAMP2

_CIC5× f

sin π

1

_CIC5+5

H( f )=

×

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

1.39

2^S

f

1.266

1.162

1.074

0.998

0.932

0.874

0.823

0.778

0.737

0.701

0.667

0.637

0.61

sin π

f_SAMP2

2.005

1.863

1.74

0.703

0.653

0.61

The scale factor, S_CIC5is a programmable unsigned integer

between 0 and 20. It serves to control the attenuation of the

data into the CIC5 stage in 6 dB increments. For the best dy-

namic range, S_CIC5should be set to the smallest value possible

(lowest attenuation) without creating an overflow condition.

This can be safely accomplished using the equation below,

where OL_CIC2is the largest fraction of full scale possible at the

input to this filter stage. This value is output from the CIC2

stage then pipe-lined into the CIC5. S_CIC5is ignored when this

filter is bypassed by setting M_CIC5= 1.

1.632

1.536

1.451

1.375

1.307

1.245

1.188

1.137

1.09

1.046

1.006

0.969

0.934

0.902

0.872

0.844

0.818

0.572

0.539

0.509

0.483

0.459

0.437

0.417

0.399

0.383

0.367

0.353

0.34

0.328

0.317

0.306

0.297

0.287

0.91

0.865

0.824

0.786

0.752

0.721

0.692

0.666

0.641

0.618

0.597

0.577

0.559

0.541

0.584

0.561

0.54

S

_CIC5= ceil log₂(M_CIC5⁵×OL_CIC2) –5

0.52

5

M_CIC5

0.501

0.484

0.468

0.453

0.439

OL_CIC2

=

×OL_CIC2

_CIC5+5

2^S

The output rate of this stage is given by the equation below.

0.687

0.666

f_SAMP2

M_CIC5

f_SAMP5

≤

This table helps to calculate an upper bound on decimation,

_CIC5, given the desired filter characteristics.

M

CIC5 Rejection

The table below illustrates the amount of bandwidth in percent-

age of the clock rate that can be protected with various decima-

tion rates and alias rejection specifications. The maximum input

rate into the CIC5 is 32.5 MHz. As in the previous table, these

are the 1/2 bandwidth characteristics of the CIC5. Note that the

CIC5 stage can protect a much wider band to any given rejection.

REV. 0

–24–

AD6620

The set of plots below (Figure 44) represents a decimation of 32

in the CIC5 filter. It can be seen that the lobes of the filter drop

as the decimation rate increases, but the aliased frequencies

increase due to the reduction of the output rate.

The plots following (Figure 43) represent the CIC5 transfer

function with respect to the CIC5 output rate for a decimation

of 4. The first plot is referenced to the input sample rate and

shows the complex spectrum from –f_SAMP/2 to +f_SAMP/2. The

second plot is referenced to the CIC5 output rate; the complex

spectrum ranges from –f_SAMP5/2 to +f_SAMP5/2. Aliased images in

CIC5 “fold back” toward the edge of the desired filter pass

band. It is the level of these aliases as they move into the desired

pass band that are of concern. The improved roll-off of CIC5

over CIC2 can be seen when these plots are compared to those

previously shown for CIC2.

0

–20

–40

–60

–80

0

–20

–40

–100

–120

–0.3

–0.2

–0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

–60

–80

f/f

SAMP

0

–20

–100

–120

–40

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

f/f

SAMP

–60

–80

0

–20

–100

–120

–40

–60

–80

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

f/f

5

SAMP

Figure 44. CIC5 Alias Rejection, M_CIC5= 32

RAM COEFFICIENT FILTER

–100

–120

The final signal processing stage is a sum-of-products decimat-

ing filter with programmable coefficients. Figure 45 shows a

simplified block diagram. The data memories I-RAM and Q-RAM

store the 256 most recent complex samples from the previous

filter stage with 18-bit resolution. The coefficient memory,

C-RAM, stores up to 256 coefficients with 20-bit resolution. On

each CLK cycle one tap for I and one tap for Q is calculated

using the same coefficients. The I and Q accumulators provide

3 bits of headroom. This headroom allows the output of the

RCF filter to contain 23 significant bits.

–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1

0

0.1 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

f/f

5

SAMP

Figure 43. CIC5 Alias Rejection, M_CIC5= 4

256

؋

18b

I-RAM

I

IN

OUT

256

؋

20b

C-RAM

256

؋

18b

Q-RAM

Q

OUT

IN

Figure 45. RAM Coefficient Filter Block Diagram

REV. 0

–25–

AD6620

The maximum number of taps this filter can calculate, N_TAPS, is

given by the equation below. The value N_TAPSminus 1 is writ-

ten to the AD6620 internal address space at address 30C hex.

The decimation ratio of this filter, M_RCF, may be programmed

from 1 to 32. The input rate into the RCF is f_SAMP5. N_CHis equal

to two for Diversity Channel Real Input mode; otherwise N_CH= 1.

to the parallel port or to the serial port when using 16-bit words.

_OUTdetermines which of the 23 RCF output bits are used

based on the equation below. OL_RCFis the 23-bit RCF output

data; POL represents the output port data. POL is rounded to

the 16 bits desired. The weight of the rounding is adjusted by

S_OUT. When the serial port is used with 24-bit or 32-bit words,

S_OUTis ignored.

S

f_CLK× M_RCF

POL = round (OL_RCF×2^{(7–S )},16)

min

, 256

OUT

f_SAMPS

N_CH

N_TAPS

≤

Filter Phase Synchronization

Like the NCO, the AD6620 filter stages have phase synchroni-

zation circuitry enabling multiple AD6620s to be used in appli-

cations such as diversity antennas and phased array systems.

The RCF coefficients are located in addresses 0x000 to 0x0FF

and are interpreted as 20-bit twos complement numbers. When

writing the coefficient RAM, the lower addresses will be multi-

plied by relatively older data from the CIC5 and the higher

coefficient addresses will be multiplied by relatively newer data

from the CIC5. The coefficients need not be symmetric and the

coefficient length, N_TAPS, may be even or odd. If the coefficients

are symmetric, then both sides of the impulse response must be

written into the coefficient RAM.

For any f_SAMP, there are M_CIC2possible phases of f_SAMP2at the

output of the CIC2 stage. Similarly, at the output of the CIC5

stage, there are M_CIC5possible phases of f_SAMP5. This means that

at the output of the CIC stages there is already M_CIC2× M_CIC5

possible phases of the filtered data. Additional phase uncertainty

is introduced by decimation done in the RCF. At the output of

the AD6620 there are a total of M_CIC2× M_CIC5× M_RCFpossible

output phases of the data.

The RCF stores the data from the CIC5 into a 256 × 36 RAM.

256 × 18 is assigned to I data and 25 × 18 is assigned to Q data.

The RCF uses the RAM as a circular buffer, so that it is difficult

to know in which address a particular data element is stored. To

avoid start-up transients due to undefined data RAM values, the

data RAM should be cleared upon initialization. The RCF

In diversity systems using multiple AD6620s, it is necessary to

ensure that the output of each AD6620 in the system is in phase.

A variety of system issues (e.g., not bringing the AD6620s on

line at the same time, excessive digital noise) could cause the

AD6620s to start out-of-phase or to drift out-of-phase as the

system runs. To achieve output phase coherence in such sys-

tems the SYNC_CIC and SYNC_RCF pins are provided.

utilizes the number of data RAM locations equal to N_TAPS× N_CH

rounded up to the nearest even number, starting from address

0x100, so these are the only values that need be cleared.

,

The function of these pins is controlled by the SYNC_M/S bit

in the Mode Control Register at address 300 hex of internal

address space. When the SYNC_M/S bit is high, SYNC_CIC

and SYNC_RCF provide synchronization pulses on the rising

edge of CLK. When the SYNC_M/S bit is low, SYNC_CIC and

SYNC_RCF accept external synchronization pulses sampled on

the rising edge of clock. This pulse edge synchronizes the CIC2,

CIC5 and RCF filter stages of all AD6620 in the chain.

When the RCF is triggered to calculate a filter output, it starts

by multiplying the oldest value in the data RAM by the first

coefficient (located by the RCF_OFFregister in address 0x30B).

This value is accumulated with the products of newer data words

multiplied by the subsequent locations in the coefficient RAM

until the coefficient address RCF_OFF+ N_TAPS–1 is reached.

Table V. Three-Tap Filter

Below is an example of the output SYNC pulse waveforms.

The SYNC_NCO pulse is not shown and is described in the

preceding NCO Synchronization section. Each SYNC_RCF

output pulse is concurrent with a SYNC_CIC pulse. The

SYNC_RCF output pulse can be connected to the SYNC_CIC,

and SYNC_RCF inputs of another AD6620 to achieve full

decimation synchronization.

Coefficient Address

Impulse Response

Data

0

1

h(0)

h(1)

h(2)

n(0) Newest

n(1)

n(2) Oldest

2 (N_TAPS– 1)

The output rate of this filter is determined by the output rate of

the CIC5 stage and MRCF.

CLK

f_SAMP5

f_SAMPR

=

M_RCF

SYNC CIC

RCF Coefficient Address Offset

This register at address 30C hex allows the AD6620 to place

multiple filters in the RAM. However, the sum of the taps re-

quired may not exceed 256 divided by the number of channels.

The RCF will compute the filter from RCF_OFFSET to

(RCF_OFFSET + N_TAPS). A single access can then be used to

select which of the filters is used without requiring coefficients

be rewritten.

SYNC RCF

Figure 46. SYNC Output Pulses

In the example above, M_CIC2= 2, and M_CIC5= 2 as evidenced

by the SYNC_CIC pulses that occur every 4 CLK cycles

(M_CIC2× M_CIC5). M_RCF= 3, resulting in SYNC_RCF pulses

that are one third as frequent as the SYNC_CIC pulses. In this

example full rate input timing is employed such that the input

data rate equals the clock rate.

RCF Output Scale Factor

The scale factor associated with the RCF, S_OUT, behaves differ-

ently than the scale factors in the CIC stages. This scalar, at the

RCF output, controls the weight of the 16-bit output data going

REV. 0

–26–

AD6620

If the AD6620s to be synchronized have identical decimation,

then latency through the filter stages will be matched and output

data rates for the Sync master’s filter stages will match the cor-

responding filter stages of the slave.

must be closely monitored since the master responds to the

same SYNC pulse as the slave (its own pulse). There is no input

requirement to the relative phases of these SYNC pulses. In the

absence of SYNC pulses each state machine will free run so the

latter decimation filters can be reliably synchronized by the

SYNC pulses of an earlier stage. However, when sync pulses are

provided externally, setup-and-hold times must be met for each

respective input.

MASTER

SYNC CIC

SLAVE

CONTROL REGISTERS AND ON-CHIP RAM

The AD6620 provides a choice of two control ports. It has an 8-

bit generic microprocessor port that is used for configuring the

device at boot up and dynamically reconfiguring the AD6620 in

the system. It also has a synchronous serial port that can also

dynamically reconfigure the AD6620 for the desired system

operation. All control registers are available from both the serial

port and the microprocessor port. These control methods are

nonexclusive and the two ports can be used simultaneously. If

simultaneous access occurs, the serial port is given precedence

over the microprocessor port unless a micro cycle is already

under way. The microprocessor port deasserts the or RDY

signal and waits until the serial access is completed. Output data

is also available from the serial port; this feature is described in

detail in the Serial Port Control section. The mapping of the

AD6620 internal registers is provided below.

MASTER

SYNC M/S

SYNC RCF

SLAVE

Figure 47. SYNC_CIC, SYNC_RCF Pins

The three SYNC inputs to the control block originate from the

same three bidirectional pads from which the three SYNC out-

puts are driven. When the AD6620 is a SYNC MASTER, the

internal circuitry that generates the SYNC pulse outputs is

enabled to the pads. When the AD6620 is a SYNC SLAVE, the

internally produced SYNC pulses are three-stated, and the pads

are driven from an external input. The capacitance on these pins

Table VI. Control Register and RAM Addresses

Address Bit Width Name

Notation

Description

000–0FF 20

100–1FF 36

RCF Coefficient RAM

RCF Data RAM

Reserved

RCF Coefficient RAM

RCF Data RAM

200–27F

300

0

8

Reserved

MODE CONTROL REGISTER

0: SOFT_RESET¹

1: Diversity Channel Real Input Mode

2: Single Channel Complex Input Mode

3: Sync Master/Slave²(Master = 1,

Slave = 0)

7–4: Reserved

301

302

3

NCO CONTROL REGISTER

0: NCO Bypass (Bypass = 1, Active= 0)

1: Enable Phase Dither

2: Enable Amplitude Dither

7–3: Reserved

Write: Sync Mask Shadow

Read: Sync Mask

Channel Frequency for NCO Tuning

NCO Phase Offset

2–0: S_CIC2

3: Reserved

32

NCO SYNC CONTROL REGISTER

SYNC_MASK

NCO_FREQ

303

304

305

32

16

8

NCO_FREQ

NCO PHASE_OFFSET

INPUT/CIC2 SCALE REGISTER

4: ExpInv

7–5: : ExpOff

CIC2 Decimation Minus One

4–0: S_CIC5

306

307

8

5

M

_CIC2– 1

M_CIC2– 1

S_CIC5

CIC5 SCALE REGISTER

7–5: Reserved

308

309

8

4

M

_CIC5– 1

M_CIC5– 1

S_OUT

CIC5 Decimation Minus One

2–0: Output Scale Factor

7–3: Reserved

OUTPUT/RCF CONTROL REGISTER

30A

30B

30C

30D

8

M

_RCF– 1

M_RCF– 1

RCF_OFF

N_TAPS– 1

RCF Decimation Minus One

Filter Coefficient Address Offset

Number of Taps Minus One

Reserved (Should Be Written 0)

RCF ADDRESS OFFSET REGISTER

N_TAPS– 1

Reserved (Should Be Written 0)

NOTES

¹This bit is set high on RESET. The chip is held into SOFT_RESET until it is written low.

²This bit is set low on RESET. This keeps multiple AD6620 SYNC Masters from driving each other.

REV. 0

–27–

AD6620

(0x305) INPUT/CIC2 SCALE REGISTER

(0x000–0xFF) RCF COEFFICIENT RAM

This register holds the scale factor, S_CIC2, for CIC2. S_CIC2scales

down the data before it is accumulated in CIC2. This avoids

register wrap-around in the twos-complement arithmetic and

eliminates the resulting spectral errors. S_CIC2is contained in Bits

2–0 of this register. It is treated as an unsigned integer between

0 and 6. Increasing S_CIC2shifts data down. For more details

refer to the section on the CIC2 filter.

Memory that stores user-programmable coefficients for the RCF

filter. The RAM will hold 256 20-bit twos complement words

for a maximum filter length of 256 taps. In Diversity Channel

Real Mode the filter length is limited to 128 taps per channel.

The number of taps used is controlled by N_TAPS–1 (30C) re-

gardless of the number of coefficient locations programmed. If

filter size allows, more than one filter can be resident in the

memory at a time. This makes it possible to switch filters with-

out reloading all of the coefficients.

The second function of this register is to scale the input data

from the Parallel Data Input port. This allows the AD6620 to

treat the floating point input data with considerable flexibility.

There are two parts of this function. The first is Bit 4, which

tells the AD6620 how to handle the exponent, EXP[2:0]. If this

bit is low, data is shifted down as the exponent increases. If this

bit is high, then for increasing EXP[2:0] the input data is shifted

up. The second part of the input data shifting is the Exponent

Offset(ExpOff[7 . . 5]) held in Bits 7–5 of this register. This

provides gain to the input data as described in the Input Port

section.

(0x100–0x1FF) RCF DATA RAM

These locations store I and Q data exiting the CIC5 filter stage

while the RCF performs multiply accumulates. The lower 18

bits of the 36-bit location is I data; the upper 18 bits are Q data.

These locations are addressed in memory and are available via

the control ports so that the data RAM can be flushed for test-

ing and simulation purposes. They are not cleared on reset.

(0x300) MODE CONTROL REGISTER

This location brings the chip out of reset and sets the operating

mode. It also specifies how the chip will use its SYNC pins: as

outputs while acting as a sync master, or as inputs while acting

as a sync slave. This is the only register with a defined power-up

state: on power-up, Bit 0 will be at a Logic “1.” This places the

chip in SOFT_RESET and defines the chip as a sync slave.

Powering up as a sync slave avoids contention problems when

connecting multiple AD6620s.

(0x306) (M_CIC2– 1)

This register controls the amount of decimation in the CIC2

filter stage. The value contained in this register is the CIC2

decimation rate minus one. This is interpreted as an unsigned

8-bit integer but due to limited growth in the CIC2 filter accu-

mulators this value should be limited to 15 (decimation = 16).

(0x307) S_CIC5

This register holds the scale factor, S_CIC5, for CIC5. S_CIC5scales

down the data before it is accumulated in CIC5. This avoids

register wrap-around in the twos-complement arithmetic and

eliminates the resulting spectral errors. S_CIC5is contained in Bits

4–0 of this register. It is treated as an unsigned integer between

0 and 20. Increasing S_CIC5shifts data down. For more details

refer to the section on the CIC5 filter.

If Bit 0 is written low and Bits 2 and 1 are low, the AD6620 is in

Single Channel Real Mode. If Bit 1 is high and Bits 0 and 2 are

low, the device is in the Diversity Channel Real Mode. If Bit 2 is

high and Bits 0 and 1 are low, the chip is in the Single Channel

Complex Mode. Setting Bit 3 high configures the AD6620 as a

SYNC master; the SYNC pins are then used as outputs. If Bit 3

is low, it is a SYNC slave and the SYNC pins function as inputs.

Bits 7–4 are reserved and should be written low.

(0x308) (M_CIC5– 1)

This register controls the amount of decimation in the CIC5

filter stage. The value contained in this register is the CIC5

decimation rate minus one. This is interpreted as an unsigned

8-bit integer, but due to limited growth in the CIC5 filter accu-

mulators this value should be limited to 31 (decimation = 32).

(0x301) NCO CONTROL REGISTER

This register allows control of special features of the NCO. If

Bit 0 of this register is high the NCO of the AD6620 is by-

passed. Both the I data and the Q data that are passed through

the chip will be the same and the Spectrum will not be trans-

lated. In bypass the input data is attenuated by 12 dB.

(0x309) OUTPUT/RCF CONTROL REGISTER

Bits 2-0 of this register hold the Output Scale Factor, S_OUT

.

The NCO has two features to improve the performance of some

systems: Phase Dither and Amplitude Dither. These can be

used together or alone. If Bit 1 of the register is high, Phase

Dither is activated. If Bit 2 is high, Amplitude Dither is acti-

vated. For more information on dither refer to the NCO section.

These bits are interpreted as a 3-bit unsigned integer, the value

of which controls which of the 23 output bits of the RCF are

passed to the output port being used. The data output corre-

sponds to the following equation where OL_RCFis the 23-bit

output of the RCF and POL is the 16-bit data available at the

parallel output port or the serial port when 16-bit serial words

are used. The truncation function rounds the scaled 23-bit

number to 16 bits. S_OUTis ignored when WL is 24 or 32 bits. In

most applications, this register should be set to 4 as an initial

starting value.

(0x302) NCO SYNC CONTROL REGISTER

This holds the SYNC_MASK, which controls the frequency of

the SYNC_NCO pulses and therefore the phase accuracy of the

synchronization. See the NCO section for details.

(0x303) NCO_FREQ

This register holds the NCO frequency control word as de-

scribed in the NCO section. This is a 32-bit unsigned integer

that sets the frequency of the AD6620 NCO.

POL = (OL_RCF× 2^(7–S

)

OUT

Bits 7–3 of this register are reserved and must be written 0.

(0x304) NCO PHASE_OFFSET

This register controls the phase offset of the NCO. It is also

described in detail in the NCO section and can be used to allow

for phase differences between multiple antennas receiving the

same carrier.

REV. 0

–28–

AD6620

3. (Optional) The first piece of data out of the AD6620 is al-

ways zero due to an output pipeline delay. There will also be

a start-up glitch on the output of the AD6620 due to possible

nonzero data in the I and Q data RAMS of the RCF filter.

These RAMS are not initialized by the HARD_RESET. If

this is a concern then the data RAMS should now be written

to zero. For efficiency the auto-increment feature can be

used as with the programming of the coefficient RAMs.

(0x30A) (M_RCF– 1)

This register controls the amount of decimation in the RCF

filter stage. The value contained in this register is the RCF

decimation rate minus one. This is interpreted as an unsigned

8-bit integer, but due to limited number of taps and, therefore,

filtering power in the RCF filter accumulators this value should

be limited to 31 (decimation = 32).

(0x30B) RCF ADDRESS OFFSET REGISTER

4. The Configuration Registers of the AD6620 are now pro-

grammed. First, address 0x300 should be written to set the

Operating Mode if Diversity Channel Real or Single Channel

Complex Modes are used. Bit 0 of this register should re-

main high at this time. This will hold the SOFT_RESET

condition. The remaining configuration registers can now be

programmed. This should start at address 0x301 and con-

tinue to address 0x30D. This defines the operation of the

NCO and filter stages.

This register controls the address offset used by the RCF to

calculate a given filter and is interpreted as an 8-bit unsigned

integer. It allows more than one filter to be placed in the Coeffi-

cient RAM. This makes it possible to switch filters without

reloading all of the coefficients. The RCF filter will compute

taps for all coefficients between RCF_OFFand (RCF_OFF+ N_TAPS

provided that the decimation, CLK rate and input data rate

provide sufficient time for this.

)

(0x30C) (N_TAPS– 1)

5. The AD6620 is now ready to be removed from SOFT_RESET

and allowed to process data. This is done by writing address

0x300 to again set the desired mode of operation. This loca-

tion should be set for SYNC MASTER or SYNC SLAVE

operation at this time. Bit 0 of this register is written low at

this time to remove the SOFT_REST condition.

This register controls the number of taps calculated by the RCF.

The value in this register is interpreted as an unsigned integer

and is equal to the number of taps desired minus one. This filter

is not inherently symmetric and the number of coefficients

placed in the Coefficient RAM will be equal to the number of

taps, provided that only one filter at a time is loaded. No sym-

metry is assumed and preaddition is not used. The total number

of taps for all filters must be less than 256 taps for Single

Channel Real mode, or less than 128 taps/channel for Diver-

sity Channel Real mode.

Dynamic Programming of the AD6620

Many attributes of the AD6620 may be altered dynamically as

the AD6620 processes the received data. This allows the re-

ceiver to be adjusted during operation in order to achieve the

maximum performance. The typical dynamic registers of the

AD6620 are listed in the following table. To program the other

registers follow the steps described in the section titled Initializ-

ing the AD6620,. Technically all registers can be programmed

dynamically, but adverse results may occur if registers other

those listed are written dynamically.

(0x30D) RESERVED

Reserved, but must be written 0 for correct operation.

PROGRAMMING THE AD6620

Initializing the AD6620

Before the AD6620 can be used to down convert and filter the

channel of interest it must be configured for the job. First the

RESET pin should be pulsed low for a minimum of 30 ns and

should then be returned high. This HARD_RESET of the

AD6620 clears the CIC Accumulators as well as the NCO

Phase Accumulator. When RESET is brought high the AD6620 is

removed from the HARD_RESET condition. The AD6620 is

now in SOFT_RESET. In this state the Mode Control Register

at address 0x300 contains a “1” (Bit 0 is high). When the AD6620

is in SOFT_RESET, no data is accepted by the input data port

and no processing occurs. The serial port and parallel output

port is held inactive and the chip is defined as a SYNC slave to

avoid possible contentions on these pins. While the AD6620 is

in this condition it should be programmed by the process below.

It should be noted that this initialization must be performed via

the microprocessor port since the serial port is inactive.

These addresses may be programmed via either the Micropro-

cessor or the Serial Control Ports.

Table VII. Dynamic AD6620 Registers

Address Bit Width Name

302

303

304

305

307

309

30B

32

16

8

5

4

NCO SYNC CONTROL REGISTER

NCO_FREQ

NCO PHASE_OFFSET

INPUT/CIC2 SCALE REGISTER

CIC5 SCALE REGISTER

OUTPUT/RCF CONTROL REGISTER

RCF ADDRESS OFFSET REGISTER

8

Registers 0x302, 0x303 and 0x304 allow the NCO of the

AD6620 to be adjusted. The tuning frequency can be dynami-

cally changed for frequency hopping. The phase of the carrier

can be adjusted with address 0x304. The phase accuracy of the

synchronization can be changed with 0x302. Registers 0x305,

0x307, and 0x309 allow the user to dynamically control the gain

of the AD6620 in 6 dB increments. This can be used to maxi-

mize the AD6620s dynamic range for the signal being tuned at a

particular instant. Register 0x307 allows for AGC where the

DSP does power spectral estimation.

1. If the AD6620 is being reinitialized without performing a

HARD_RESET, then address 0x300 should be written 1 to

place the AD6620 in SOFT_RESET. This allows the non-

dynamic registers to be programmed.

2. Program the Coefficient Ram of the AD6620 with the de-

sired FIR Filter. The address auto-increment feature can be

used to decrease the amount of time required to program the

Coefficients. This feature is described in detail in the Microport

Control section that follows.

REV. 0

–29–

AD6620

ACCESS PROTOCOLS

Write Pseudocode

The AD6620 external accesses may be performed through either

the Microprocessor Port or the Serial Port. The Microport and

the serial port both use a three-bit address and eight-bit data to

access these registers. The three-bit address provides access to

seven register locations (External Interface Registers). These

register locations are used to access the internal address space of

the AD6620 shown in the Control Register section. The seven

registers are the LAR (Low Address Register), the AMR (Ad-

dress Mode Register), and the five data registers (DR4–DR0).

void write_micro(ext_address, int data);

main();

{

/* This code shows the programming of the NCO frequency

register using the write_micro function as defined above. The

variable address is the External Address A[2:0] and data is the

value to be placed in the external interface register.

Internal Address = 0x303

*/

Table VIII. External Interface Registers

// holding registers for NCO byte wide access data

int d3, d2, d1, d0;

A[2:0]

Name

Comment

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

Data Register 0 (DR0)

Data Register 1 (DR1)

Data Register 2 (DR2)

Data Register 3 (DR3)

Data Register 4 (DR4)

Reserved

D[7:0]

// NCO frequency word (32 bits wide)

NCO_FREQ = 0xCBEFEFFF;

// write AMR

D[15:8]

D[23:16]

D[31:24]

D[35:32]

Reserved

A[7:0]

write_micro(7, 0x03 );

// write LAR

Low Address Register (LAR)

Address Mode Register (AMR) 1-0: A[9:8]

write_micro(6, 0x03);

5-2: Reserved

6: Read Increment

7: Write Increment

// DR4 is not needed because NCO_FREQ is only 32 bits, not

36

// write DR3 with high byte of 32-bit word (D[31:24]

d3 = (NCO_FREQ & 0xFF000000) >> 24;

write_micro(3, d3);

The internal address space is accessed using a 10-bit internal

address. Many of these address locations are more than a byte

wide and require multiple accesses to the seven External Inter-

face Registers, which are each only 8 bits wide (only 4 bits of

DR4 are used). Accesses to these registers are accomplished

using the 3-bit address and 8-bit data lines the manner de-

scribed below. The source of these values depends on the con-

trol port method used.

// write DR2 with high byte of 32-bit word (D[23:16]

d2 = (NCO_FREQ & 0xFF0000) >> 16;

write_micro(2, d2);

// write DR1 with D[15:8]

All internal accesses are accomplished by first writing the inter-

nal address of the register or memory location to be accessed.

The lower eight address bits are written to the LAR register and

the upper two address bits to the LSBs of the AMR. This de-

fines the internal address of the location to be accessed as shown

in the memory map shown in the Control Registers and On-

Chip Ram section.

d1 = (NCO_FREQ & 0xFF00) >> 8;

write_micro(1, d1);

// write DR0 with D[7:0]

// On this write all data is transferred to the internal address

d0 = NCO_FREQ & 0xFF;

Internal Write Access

write_micro(0, d0);

Up to 36 bits of data (as needed) can be written by the process

described below. Any high order bytes that are needed are writ-

ten to the corresponding data registers defined in the external

3-bit address space. The least significant byte is then written to

DR0 at address (000). When a write to DR0 is detected, the

internal microprocessor port state machine then moves the data

in DR4–DR0 to the internal address pointed to by the address

in the LAR and AMR.

} // end of main

Internal Read Access

A read is performed by first writing the LAR and AMR as with a

write. The data registers (DR4–DR0) are then read in the re-

verse order that they were written. First, the least significant

byte of the data (D[7:0]) is read from DR0. On this transaction

the high bytes of the data are moved from the internal address

pointed to by the LAR and AMR into the remaining data regis-

ters (DR4–DR1). This data can then be read from the data

registers using the appropriate 3-bit addresses. The number of

data registers used depends solely on the amount of data to be

read or written. Any unused bit in a data register should be

masked out for a read.

REV. 0

–30–

AD6620

Auto Increment Feature

Read Pseudocode

To increase throughput, an auto increment feature is provided.

This feature is controlled by Bits 6 and 7 of the AMR. If these

bits are set to 00, the address remains the same after an internal

access. If set to 01, the address is incremented after a read ac-

cess has been performed. If set to 10, the address is incremented

after a write access is performed. If set to 11, the address is incre-

mented after each access, read or write. This allows the AD6620

to be initialized in a much shorter time since the access to the

LAR and AMR must occur only once to initialize or read-back

the entire device.

int read_micro(ext_address);

main();

{

/* This code shows the reading of the NCO frequency register

using the read_micro function as defined above. The variable

address is the External Address A[2 . . 0].

Internal Address = 0x303

*/

// holding registers for NCO byte wide access data

int d3, d2, d1, d0;

MICROPORT CONTROL

External reads and writes are accomplished in one of two modes

via the Microprocessor Port. The CS, RD (DS), RDY

(DTACK), WR (R/W) and MODE pins are used to control the

access. The specific function of these pins depends on whether

the access is MODE 0 or MODE 1. The Mode 1 signal names

are those listed on the pinout. The access mode is controlled by

the MODE input as described in the following sections.

// NCO frequency word (32 bits wide)

// write AMR

write_micro(7, 0x03 );

// write LAR

write_micro(6, 0x03);

/* read D[7:0] from DR0, All data is moved from the Internal

Registers to the interface registers on this access */

Table IX. Microprocessor Control Signals

MODE 0

MODE 1

d0 = read_micro(0) & 0xFF;

// read D[15:8] from DR1

A[2:0] (Address Lines)

D[7:0] (Data Lines)

CS (Chip Select)

A[2:0] (Address Lines)

D[7:0] (Data Lines)

CS (Chip Select)

d1 = read_micro(1) & 0xFF;

// read D[23:16] from DR2

RD (Read Strobe)

DS (Data Strobe)

WR (Write Strobe)

RDY (Ready Signal)

MODE (Mode Select)

R/W (Read/Write Select)

DTACK (Data Acknowledge)

MODE (Mode Select)

d2 = read_micro(2) & 0xFF;

// read D[31:24] from DR3

d3 = read_micro(3) & 0xFF;

// DR4 is not needed because NCO_FREQ is only 32 bits

The Microport is synchronous with the master clock (CLK) of

the AD6620, but the interface isn’t required to be. If the speed

of the interface is significantly slower than CLK, synchronicity

should be no issue. If the interface is relatively fast compared to

CLK, the user may need to synchronize the Microport to CLK.

The timing diagrams show the relationship of the control signals

to clock and the user should use these as a guide to implement a

Microport interface.

// Assemble 32-bit NCO_FREQ word from the 4-byte

components

NCO_FREQ = d0 + (d1 << 8) + (d2 << 16) + (d3 << 24);

} // end of main

REV. 0

–31–

AD6620

Mode = 0

accessing the chip, the RDY line goes low at the start of the

access. When the internal cycle is complete the RDY line is

released.

If MODE is low during the access, the interface is in Mode 0. In

Mode 0 the CS, RD and the WR lines control the access type.

While an access is being performed, or if the serial port is

t_DD

t_HC

1

CLK

N

N+1

N+2

N+3

N+4

N

2

WR

t_SC

2

RD

t_HC

3

CS

t_ZD

t_ZR

DATA VALID

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

t_HA

t_SAM

ADDRESS VALID

t_RDY

1

RDY

NOTES:

1

RDY IS DRIVEN LOW ASYNCHRONOUSLY BY RD AND CS GOING LOW AND RETURNS HIGH ON THE RISING EDGE

OF CLK "N+3" FOR INTERNAL ACCESS (A[2:0] = 000), CLK "N+2" OTHERWISE.

2

3

THE SIGNAL, WR, MAY REMAIN HIGH AND RD MAY REMAIN LOW TO CONTINUE READ MODE.

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+4 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE READ.

Figure 48. Mode 0 Read (MODE = GND)

t_HC

t_SC

1

CLK

N

N+1

N+2

N+3

N*

2

WR

2

RD

t_SC

t_HC

3

CS

t_SAM

t_HM

DATA VALID

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

RDY

t_HA

ADDRESS VALID

t_SAM

t_RDY

NOTES:

1

RDY IS DRIVEN LOW ASYNCHRONOUSLY BY WR AND CS GOING LOW AND RETURNS HIGH ON THE

RISING EDGE OF CLK "N+2".

2

3

THESE SIGNALS (R/W AND DS) MAY REMAIN IN LOW STATE TO CONTINUE WRITING DATA.

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+3 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE WRITE.

* THE NEXT WRITE MAY BE INITIATED ON CLK, N*.

Figure 49. Mode 0 Write (MODE = GND)

REV. 0

–32–

AD6620

Mode = 1

mode the DTACK signal goes low when data is available during

a read or when data has been latched during a write. The DTACK

signal stays low until the DS signal is released.

If the MODE input is held high the interface is in Mode 1. In

Mode 1 the RD signal becomes the data strobe (DS) and the

WR signal becomes a read/write (R/W) select signal. In this

t_DD

t_HC

1

N

N+3

N+4

N+1

N+2

N

CLK

2

t_SC

R/W

2

DS

t_SC

t_HC

3

CS

t_ZD

t_ZR

DATA VALID

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

t_SAM

t_HA

ADDRESS VALID

t_DTACK

DTACK

NOTES:

1

DTACK IS DRIVEN LOW ON THE RISING EDGE OF CLK "N+3" FOR INTERNAL ACCESS (A[2:0] = 000),

CLK "N=2" OTHERWISE.

2

THE SIGNAL, R/W MAY REMAIN HIGH AND DS MAY REMAIN LOW TO CONTINUE READ MODE.

3

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+4 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE ACCESS

AND FORCE DTACK HIGH.

Figure 50. Mode 1 Read (MODE = VDD)

t_SC

t_HC

N+2

1

CLK

N

N+3

N*

N+1

2

R/W

2

DS

t_HC

t_SC

3

CS

t_SAM

t_HM

D[7:0]

A[2:0]

DATA VALID

t_SAM

t_HA

ADDRESS VALID

t_DTACK

DTACK

t_DTACK

NOTES:

1

2

3

ON RISING EDGE OF "N+3" CLK, DTACK IS DRIVEN LOW.

THESE SIGNALS (R/W AND DS) MAY REMAIN IN LOW STATE TO CONTINUE WRITING DATA.

CS MUST RETURN TO HIGH STATE AND BE SAMPLED BY CLK (N+3 SHOWN) TO COMPLETE WRITE

AND FORCE DTACK HIGH.

* THE NEXT WRITE MAY BE INITIATED ON CLK, N*.

Figure 51. Mode 1 Write (MODE = VDD)

REV. 0

–33–

AD6620

SERIAL PORT CONTROL

The data is contained in the low byte of the 16 significant bits.

This data will be placed into the external interface register

pointed to by A[2 . . 0] for a write and will be ignored for a read.

In addition to providing access to the complex output data

stream of the AD6620, the Serial Port can also be used for

Dynamic Control of the device. The dynamic registers of the

AD6620 that are typically programmed while the chip is pro-

cessing are listed in the table below.

Serial Port Writes

If the WRITE bit is high and the READ bit is low then a write

access is performed to the external interface register pointed to

by A[2 . . 0]. A write to an internal register takes place by first

writing the AMR and LAR. The data registers DR4–DR1 are

then written as needed. A final write to DR0 then moves the

data to the internal register.

Table X. Dynamic Registers

Bit

Address Width Name

Serial Port Reads

300

302

303

304

305

307

309

30B

8

MODE CONTROL REGISTER

NCO SYNC CONTROL REGISTER

NCO_FREQ

NCO PHASE_OFFSET

INPUT/CIC2 SCALE REGISTER

CIC5 SCALE REGISTER

OUTPUT/RCF CONTROL REGISTER

RCF ADDRESS OFFSET REGISTER

If the READ bit is high, then a read to the register indicated is

performed and the data will appear in the RDATA word appended

to the serial frame. The internal data read is loaded into the

serial data word in FIFO fashion. The first byte read is loaded

into the first eight bits, the second read during the frame is

loaded into the second byte, etc. Since the serial data is shifted

MSB first, the first byte will actually be loaded into the most

significant byte of the serial data word.

32

16

8

5

4

8

The internal address and data structure are shared between the

microprocessor port and the serial port. When accessing the

internal RAM or registers, the serial port is given priority over a

microprocessor request. If a Mode 0 access occurs on the mi-

croport while the serial port is accessing the internal address

space, the RDY line will go low and stay low until the serial

access has been completed. If a Mode 1 access occurs on the

microport during a serial access, the DTACK signal will not go

low until the serial access has been completed. The microport is

used for booting the AD6620 and either the microport or the

serial port can be used to dynamically change the system param-

eters. Both ports may be used in the same design provided that

the handshaking rules described above are observed.

During a frame (the period between SDFS rising edges) up to

four reads may occur. When a read is requested through the

serial port, a data word is appended to the end of the serial string.

Even if AD is not asserted (see below for AD description) a word is

added to the end of the IQ data stream. Therefore, if the chip is

in single channel mode, the I and Q data are sent followed by a

read word. If the chip is in diversity channel mode, the IQ pairs

are followed by a read word. Thus the serial port responds with

either three or five serial words in a frame, respectively. If AD is

asserted, the read word is sent each frame regardless of a re-

quest. If no requests are made, the appended word is all zeros.

The number of reads accomplished in a frame is limited by the

serial word length. If the serial word length is 16 bits, only two

reads can be performed during a frame. If the serial word length

is 24 bits, three reads can occur in a frame. If the serial word

length is 32 bits, then up to four reads can occur in a frame.

The RDATA word format is shown below. Rows three and four

will not be present when 16-bit words are used, and row four

will not be present when 24-bit words are used.

For each word shifted out of the serial port there is a word

shifted in. Each input word can provide one internal access.

Each access can be a read or a write. All reads and writes are

performed via the same 8-bit registers used by the microproces-

sor port. Each bit in the SDI words has a predefined meaning

and are used to decode which of these registers are being ac-

cessed and whether the access is a read or a write. The bits are

defined according to the table below.

Table XII. RDATA Word Definition

DA7 DA6

DB7 DB6

DC7 DC6

DA5

DB5

DC5

DA4

DB4

DC4

DA3

DB3

DC3

DA2

DB2

DC2

DA1

DB1

DC1

DA0

DB0

DC0

Table XI. SDI Input Word Definition

READ WRITE

x

A2

D2

x

A1

D1

x

A0

D0

x

D7

x

D6

x

D5

x

D4

x

D3

x

DD7 DD6 DD5 DD4 DD3 DD3 DD1 DD0

The number of words in the serial frame depends on the operat-

ing mode of the chip (one or two I/Q pairs) and whether or not

a read access occurs. It also depends on the Append Data pin,

AD. When this signal is asserted, then the RDATA word is

appended to the Serial Frame regardless of whether or not a

read was performed in the frame. This allows time-slotted sys-

tems where multiple AD6620s or other devices share a serial

port of a DSP without hardware handshakes. When AD is

high and there has not been a read during the active frame,

the RDATA word is driven low and SDFE is held off for an-

other serial word length.

x

Only the first 16 bits of the SDI word contain significant data

regardless of the serial word length. The first two bits shifted in

are the READ and WRITE indicator signals. These bits control

the access type as described below and should not be asserted

simultaneously. If the Serial Port is not used for control then the

SDI pin should be tied low to disable register reads and writes.

The three address bits are the three least significant bits of the

upper byte in the 16-bit word. These three bits A[2:0] define

which of the seven external registers are accessed by the serial

port according to Table VIII.

At all times, the serial interface must have time to shift all bits.

The section below Serial Port Guidelines should be consulted to

determine if sufficient time exists.

REV. 0

–34–

AD6620

EXAMPLE OF SERIAL PORT W/R OPERATION

Regardless of whether the chip is a Serial Bus Master or is in

Serial Cascade Mode, the AD6620 Serial Port functions are

identical except for the source of the SCLK and SDFS pins.

The example shown below demonstrates writing and reading

from the AD6620. For this example, the chip is set up in diver-

sity channel real mode. Therefore, there four data words (two Is

and two Qs) are generated as receiver data. Thus four com-

mands can be shifted into the SDI port. These are shown below.

Additionally, the chip is configured with a word length of 16

bits. The AD6620 response with five words per frame (two Is,

two Qs and the appended read word).

SCLK

SCLK is an output when SBM is high; SCLK is an input when

SBM is low. In either case the SDI input is sampled on the

falling edge of SCLK, and all outputs are switched on the rising

edge of SCLK. The SDFS pin is sampled on the falling edge of

SCLK. This allows the AD6620 to recognize the SDFS in time

to initiate a frame on the very next SCLK rising edge. The maxi-

mum speed of this port is 32.5 MHz or half of the master CLK

signal, whichever is lower. Care should be taken with this signal.

Even when the AD6620 is selected as a serial bus master, reflec-

tions on this line will cause the output shifters to ‘double shift’

output data causing corrupt serial data. If this signal is going to

a back plane of more than several inches, the line should either

be buffered or be matched to the impedance of the back plane.

See the Applications section of this data sheet for information

on driving the transmission lines.

Table XIII. SDI Data Format

A-I

A-Q

B-I

B-Q

Append

0AXX

SDO

SDI

XXXX

4703

XXXX

4600

XXXX

80XX

XXXX

4603

XXXX

The table above shows the serial output bits for this configura-

tion. As the I and Q data are being shifted out, the SDI pin is

telling the chip what data to return during the Appended data

field. During the A-I portion of the frame, the hex word 4703 is

shifted into the chip. Breaking this word down, the command

instructs the AD6620 to write an ‘03’ into the AMR register.

The next word, 4600, writes a ‘00’ into the LAR. Therefore, the

chip is so configured that the next command will either read

from or write to internal memory space ‘300’ hex, the Mode

Control Register. The next word on the SDI pin is 80XX. This

indicates a read from DR0. Note that the second half of the read

word is ignored. During the B-Q word, another read or write

can be set up. In this case, 4603 changes the internal memory to

point to ‘303,’ the NCO frequency, thus setting up subsequent

access of this register. Now during the Append data frame, the

AD6620 sends any read words that are pending due to read

requests. In this case, the contents of register ‘300.’ Since the

chip is in single channel complex mode and running, the chip

responds with ‘0AXX.’ ‘0A’ indicates that the chip is in diversity

channel real mode and running as a Sync Master. The ‘XX’ is

indeterminate and would have been the results of a second read

if one had been requested.

SDI

Serial Data Input. Serial Data is sampled on the falling edge of

SCLK. This pin is used to write the internal control registers of

the AD6620 or to write the address of an internal location to be

read. These activities are described later in the Serial Frame

Structure section. If this pin is not used to write data into the

control port it should be tied low.

SDO

Serial Data Output. Serial output data is switched on the rising

edge of SCLK. On the very next SCLK cycle after an SDFS,

the MSB of A channel: I data is shifted. On every subsequent

SCLK edge a new piece of data is shifted out on the SDO pin

until the last bit of data is shifted out. The last bit of data

shifted is A channel: Q data in either of the Single Channel

Modes or the B channel: Q data in the Diversity Channel Real

Data. SDO is three-stated when the serial port is outside its

time-slot. This allows the AD6620 to share the SDI of a DSP,

with other AD6620s. In order to ensure that the three-state

condition of this pin does not cause a problem there should

either be a bus holder on this signal or there should be a weak

pull-down resistor placed on it. This will ensure that the SDO

pin is always in a valid logic state.

PAR/SER

The Serial Port shares pins with a Parallel Output Port. These

pins are arbitrated by the PAR/SER pin. In order to operate the

chip with the Parallel Output Data Port PAR/SER must be high

while RESET is brought high. For Serial Port operation, PAR/

SER must be held low while RESET is brought high. PAR/SER

should remain valid while the AD6620 is processing (should

only be changed in RESET). PAR/SER should be hardwired on

a given design.

SDFS

Serial Data Frame Sync signal. SDFS is an output when SBM is

high; SDFS is an input when SBM is low. SDFS is sampled on

the falling edge of SCLK. When SDFS is sampled high, the

AD6620 serial port will become active on the next rising edge of

SCLK for a complete serial time-slot, regardless of the state of

SDFS during that time-slot. When SBM is high SDFS will

pulse high for one SCLK cycle before an active serial time-slot

is to be initiated and a transfer will begin immediately on the

next rising edge of SCLK. As with SCLK, care should be taken

with this signal. Even when the AD6620 is selected as a serial

bus master, reflections on this line can cause erratic framing

results. If this signal is going to a back plane of more than sev-

eral inches, the line should either be buffered or be matched to

the impedance of the back plane. See the applications section of

this data sheet for information on driving the transmission lines.

SBM

Serial Bus Master. When SBM is high, the AD6620 generates

SCLK and SDFS. When SBM is low, the AD6620 accepts

external SCLK and SDFS signals. When configured as a bus

master the SCLK signal can be used to strobe data into the DSP

interface. When used with another AD6620 in Serial Cascade

Mode, SCLK can be taken from the master AD6620 and used

to shift data out from the cascaded device. In this situation

SDFS of the Cascaded AD6620 is connected to the SDFE pin

of the master AD6620. When an AD6620 is in Serial Cascade

Mode, all of the serial port activities are controlled by the exter-

nal signals SCLK and SDFS.

REV. 0

–35–

AD6620

SDFE

SDIV[3:0]

Serial Data Frame End output. SDFE will go high during the

last SCLK cycle of an active time-slot. The SDFE output of a

master AD6620 can be tied to the input SDFS of an AD6620 in

Serial Cascade Mode in order to provide a hardwired time-slot

scenario. When the Last Bit of SDO data is shifted out of the

Master AD6620, the SDFE signal will be driven high by the

same SCLK rising edge that this bit is clocked out on. On the

falling edge of this SCLK cycle, the Cascaded AD6620 will

sample its SDFS signal, which is hardwired to the SDFE of the

Master. On the very next SCLK edge, A channel: I data of the

Cascaded AD6620 will start shifting out of the port. There will

be no rest between the time-slots of the master and slave.

When the AD6620 is used as a Serial Bus Master the chip gen-

erates a serial clock by dividing down the CLK signal. The

divider ratio is set by the serial division word, SDIV. SDIV is

interpreted as a 4-bit unsigned integer and determines the fre-

quency of the serial clock when the SBM pin is pulled high.

When the AD6620 is in Serial Cascade Mode these bits are

ignored. The following equations express the Serial Clock Fre-

quency as a function of the CLK signal and the SDIV nibble.

f_CLK

f_SCLK

=

, SDIV = 0

2

WL[1:0]

f_CLK

WL defines the Word Length of the serial data stream. The

possible options are 00–6 bit words, 01–24 bit words, 10–32 bit

words and 11–Undefined. This setting controls the width of all

serial words. All words are shifted MSB first and are left justi-

fied, i.e., the first n-bits are valid and any padding that is needed

to fill the word length is added at the end. When the serial word

length is 24 or 32 bits, the I and Q output data is presented with

23-bit resolution.

f_SCLK

=

, SDIV ≠ 0

2 × SDIV

Serial Port Guidelines

The serial clock, SCLK, must be run at a rate sufficient to clock

all of the serial data out of the port before new data is latched

into the internal I and Q data registers. See the Serial Output

Data Port section for more details. If the serial port is to be used

as a means of programming the part, some extra serial band-

width may also be required to shift data from the internal regis-

ters of the AD6620. When used as a serial bus master SCLK

can run at a maximum rate of half the processing CLK. The

equations below help determine what the minimum serial clock

rate must be in order to insure that data is not lost.

Table XIV. Setting Serial Word Length

Serial Word Length

WL1

WL0

16-Bit

24-Bit

32-Bit

Disallowed

0

1

0

1

0

1

f

_SAMP×WL ×(2× N_CH+ R_D)

f_SCLK

=

M_TOT

AD

Append Data signal. In Single Channel Real Mode, when AD is

low the serial data stream consists only of A channel: I and Q

data. If the AD6620 is in Diversity Channel Real Mode, the

serial frame is four words long and consists of both A and B

channel complex data. When the AD signal is high, an extra

serial word is appended to the Serial Frame. This word consists

of any data that is read from the AD6620 internal registers via

the Serial Port. If a Read has not occurred, the data in this word

is zero. The addition of this word allows a Serial System to be

designed so that any AD6620 can have data read at any time

without changing the fixed timing of the serial port.

M_TOT= M_CIC2× M_CIC5× M_RCF

R_D= 1 if AD is asserted or if read operations are used from the

serial port; otherwise R_D= 0. This term accounts for the band-

width consumed when data is read from the internal control

registers or memory.

JTAG BOUNDARY SCAN

The AD6620 supports a subset of IEEE Standard 1149.1

specifications. For additional details of the standard, please see

“IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan

Architecture,” IEEE-1149 publication from IEEE.

If the serial transfer includes a register read, the register data is

appended to the serial frame regardless of the state of the AD

pin.

The AD6620 has five pins associated with the JTAG interface.

These pins are used to access the on-chip Test Access Port

(TAP) and are listed in the table below.

Table XV.

Pin Name

Description

TRST

TCLK

TMS

TDI

TAP Reset

Test Clock

TAP Mode Select

Test Data Input

Test Data Output

TDO

REV. 0

–36–

AD6620

The AD6620 supports four op codes as shown below. These

instructions set the mode of the JTAG interface.

As shown in the block diagram below, the high speed data into

the evaluation board is sent to both the AD6620 and the by-pass

latches. On the output of the AD6620, data is available in either

serial or parallel mode. In serial mode, data may be sent directly

to a DSP for system bread-boarding. In parallel mode, the data

may be sent to the on-board FIFO for spectral analysis by the

included software. For additional information, refer to the

evaluation board manual.

Table XVI.

Instruction

Op Code

IDCODE

BYPASS

SAMPLE/PRELOAD

EXTEST

01

11

10

00

FILTER DESIGN

The AD6620 implements a pair of cascaded CIC filters with a

sum of products FIR filter. The frequency characteristics of the

CIC filters have already been documented. Additional reading

on this class of filters can be found in “An Economical Class of

Digital Filters for Decimation and Interpolation,” by Eugene B.

Hogenauer, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and

Signal Processing, Volume ASSP-29, Number 2, April 1981.

The Vendor Identification Code can be accessed through the

IDCODE instruction and has the following format.

Table XVII.

MSB

LSB

Version Part Number

Manufacturing ID # Mandatory

The characteristics of the FIR filter are fully programmable.

The coefficients of this filter may be generated in any number

of ways, using standard procedures such as Parks-McClellan.

Available software from Analog Devices that assists in the design

of filters for this product. This software allows comparison be-

tween different distributions of decimation. The software works

independently of the evaluation board, but easily allows transfer

of design data directly to the evaluation board for immediate

verification of the designed filter.

0000

0010 0111 0111 1110 000 1110 0101

1

A BSDL file for this device is available from Analog Devices,

Inc. Contact Analog Devices, Inc. for more information.

APPLICATIONS

EVALUATION BOARD

An evaluation board is available for the AD6620. This evalua-

tion board comes complete with an AD6620 and interfaces to a

PC through the printer port. The evaluation board comes com-

plete with software to drive the evaluation board and to design

optimized filters for use with the AD6620. The evaluation board

includes a high speed data interface that mates directly with

evaluation boards for high performance converters such as the

AD6600 and AD6640, allowing digital receivers to be bread-

boarded with only an external RF/IF converter and an interface

to the DSP.

The normal procedure for designing a filter for the chip is as

shown in the flow chart. First, the desired characteristics must

be determined based on the receive channel requirements. The

decimation rates for the CIC filters must then be selected such

that their performance is near that of the desired channel re-

quirements. Finally, an algorithm such as the Parks-McClellan

or Remez exchange is used to compute the final spectral re-

quirements, including droop correction for passband loss of the

CIC filters. If the designed filter meets the requirements, then

the filter is acceptable. If not, another combination of CIC filter

decimation must be examined. Tables III and IV greatly sim-

plify distribution and selection of CIC requirements. The

filter software available from Analog Devices helps to auto-

mate this procedure.

The control software allows access to all of the internal registers

to provide complete programming of the device in a lab setting.

The software can process high speed data as well as digitally

filtered data from the AD6620 allowing analysis of both pre and

post filter channel characteristics. The controlling software can

also be used to spectrally sweep the filter performance, greatly

simplifying verification of any given filter design.

NO

SELECT FILTER

REJECTION

REQUIREMENTS

SELECT

DECIMATION

RATE FOR CIC2

DOES CIC2 FILTER

PROTECT ENOUGH

BANDWIDTH?

YES

LATCH

SELECT

DECIMATION

RATE FOR CIC5

HI SPEED

DATA

FIFO

HEADER

LATCH

AD6620

LATCH

DOES CIC5 FILTER

PROTECT ENOUGH

BANDWIDTH?

NO

YES

DESIGN RCF

WITH REMEZ

EXCHANGE

TRANSCEIVER

DOES COMPOSITE

FILTER PROVIDE

THE DESIRED

RESULTS?

NO

PC PRINTER PORT

Figure 52. Evaluation Board Block Diagram

YES

Figure 53. Diagram of Filter Design Software

REV. 0

–37–

AD6620

SERIAL BUFFERING

the DSP polls the AD6620 too early, either old data will be

resent or the data could be in an indeterminate state. To pre-

vent this, the AD6620 has an output pin DV_OUTthat signals the

DSP when new data is available. This should be tied to an inter-

rupt line of the DSP that is edge-sensitive, as the DV_OUTline is

only valid for two or four high speed clock cycles depending on

the mode of the chip. The DSP may then invoke an interrupt

service routine to handle the data, see text below. In this appli-

cation, the DSP is responsible for generating the framing and

clocking signals to the AD6620 as shown in Figure 56.

The AD6620 serial outputs are designed to operate at very high

speed. As such, care must be taken when driving the serial out-

put lines. These high speed lines must be treated as transmis-

sion lines. Critical lines include the SCLK, SDFS, SDFE, SDI

and SDO. It is recommended that these lines be series source

terminated with the characteristic impedance of the driven line.

If the lines are longer than a few inches, digital line buffers

should be used as shown below. Buffering in this manner will

prevent reflections on the serial lines from disrupting operation

of the AD6620. A good reference on transmission lines is found

in the “MECL System Design Handbook” by Motorola Inc,

Stock code HB205R1/D.

2

4

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

DT

SDI

SDO

SCLK

DSP

AD6620

DR

SDFS

SDFE

RFS

SDO

AD6620

SDFS

SBM

+3.3V

4

Figure 54. Serial Line Buffering and Series Source

Termination

2

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

DSP/SHARC^®INTERFACING

With little effort, the AD6620 will interface to nearly all indus-

try standard DSPs, as shown in the figure below. The figures

below show operation in TDM applications as well as in serial

slave mode.

SDI

SDO

AD6620

CASCADE

SDFS

SDFE

In TDM mode the first AD6620 is configured to be the master.

This chip is the first to access the serial data bus. When the

master has data available in its output shifters, it generates an

SDFS telling the DSP that serial data will follow. At this point,

the SDO of the master AD6620 takes control of the SDO line

and begins shifting data out of the device. When all data has

been shifted, the master raises the SDFE on the last shifted.

This signals the next chip (slave) that on the next cycle of the

clock it should take control of the SDO line and begin shifting

data to the DSP. When the second AD6620 completes its shift,

it raises its SDFE to signal the next chip in the chain, if present.

If additional devices are connected to the chain, this would be

used to indicate they should take control on the next clock cycle.

This application does not have a third device and therefore, the

frame would end.

10k⍀

SBM

Figure 55. Dual AD6620s Using the Serial Bus in a TDM

Application

2

4

WL AD SDIV

SCLK

DT

SDI

SDO

DSP

AD6620

DR

SDFS

RFS

10k⍀

SDFE

OUT

Normally in an application with a single AD6620, the AD6620

would be configured as the serial bus master. However, there

are applications where the DSP or other device may be the serial

bus master. In this case, the diagram below illustrates how to

configure the AD6620 so that it may be used in this mode. In

order to use this in a meaningful application, the DSP must

know when the AD6620 has new data available on its output. If

DV

SBM

IRQ

Figure 56. AD6620 Configured as a Serial Slave

SHARC is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.

REV. 0

–38–

AD6620

bit set mode1 SRD1H | SRD2L | SRRFH | SRRFL;

nop;

Software for Single Channel Real Operation

When interfacing Analog Device’s SHARC DSP, the following

code fragments can be used to configure the SHARC. The first

example shows how to configure the registers for use with a

single channel application. The first segment of code defines the

memory for use with the multichannel serial port data. The

second segment of code sets up the serial port for receiving data

only. It could have just as easily been set up for bidirectional

data by properly setting the MTCSI register. The final two code

segments are used when a serial port interrupt occurs. When the

SHARC detects completion of the serial port frame, an inter-

rupt is generated and the final code segment is executed. The

comments in that section show where user code should be in-

serted. The SHARC takes care of moving the serial port buffers

data directly to data memory as shown.

/* Insert code here to process I and Q data. The DSP serial port handler

has placed the samples in fm_demod_data and fm_demod_data+1 */

pop sts;

rti (db);

/* Pop the status stack */

/* Switch back to primary set of DAGs and Register file */

bit clr mode1 SRD1H | SRD2L | SRRFH | SRRFL;

nop;

.ENDSEG;

/*—————————————————————————————*/

Software for Diversity Channel Real Operation

The code for interfacing to Diversity Channel Real mode is very

similar to that of single channel. The only difference being the

number of channels allocated on the TDM chain. This process

can easily be extended for any number of TDM channels as

long as there is sufficient time in the frame to completely trans-

mit the data. This procedure works with the appended data as

well as serially cascaded devices. The code below demonstrates

setup and operation in diversity channel mode.

/* —————————————————————————————*/

/* multi-channel register setup */

.SEGMENT/DM dm_data;

.VAR fm_demod_data[2];

sample */

/* Array for receiving 1 real and imag

.VAR fm_demod_tcb[8] = 0, 0, 0, 0, fm_demod_data+7, 2, 1,

fm_demod_data; /* Transfer Control Block for reception of fm data */

/*—————————————————————————————*/

.SEGMENT/DM dm_data;

/* —————————————————————————————*/

/* multi-channel register setup */

/* —————————————————————————————*/

/* Subroutine to setup sport1 for use with the AD6620 */

.VAR fm_demod_data[4];

sample from each channel */

/* Array for receiving 2 real and imag

setup_sport1:

.VAR fm_demod_tcb[8] = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, fm_demod_data;

/* Transfer Control Block for reception of fm data */

r0 = 0;

dm(MTCS1) = r0;

/* multi-channel enable setup */

/* do not transmit on any channels */

/* —————————————————————————————*/

r0 = 0;

/* Compand Setup */

dm(MTCCS1) = r0; /* no companding on transmit */

dm(MRCCS1) = r0; /* no companding on receive */

/*—————————————————————————————*/

setup_sport1:

r0 = 0;

dm(MTCS1) = r0;

/* multi-channel enable setup */

/* do not transmit on any channels */

r0 = 0x00100000;

dm(STCTL1) = r0;

/* Setup sport 1 transmit control register */

/* mfd = 1 */

r0 = 0;

dm(MTCCS1) = r0;

dm(MRCCS1) = r0;

/* Compand Setup */

/* no companding on transmit */

/* no companding on receive */

r0 = 0x038c20f2;

dm(SRCTL1) = r0;

/* Setup sport 1 receive control register */

/* slen = 15, sden & schen enabled */

/* sign extend, external SCLK+RFS */

r0 = 0x00100000;

dm(STCTL1) = r0;

/* Setup sport 1 transmit control register */

/* mfd = 1 */

r0 = fm_demod_tcb + 7; /* TCB address */

dm(CP1) = r0;

/* Kickoff DMA chain */

r0 = 0x038c00f2;

dm(SRCTL1) = r0;

/* Setup sport 1 receive control register */

/* slen = 15, sden & schen enabled */

/* sign extend, external SCLK+RFS */

rts (db);

/* RETURN */

bit set imask SPR1I; /* enable sport1 receive interrupt */

nop;

r0 = fm_demod_tcb + 7; /* TCB address */

dm(fm_demod_tcb + 4) = r0; /* TCB point back to itself */

/* Kickoff DMA chain */

/* —————————————————————————————*/

spr1_svc:

RTI;

jump spr1_asserted;

dm(CP1) = r0;

RTI;

rts (db)

/* RETURN */

bit set imask SPR1I;

bit set imask CB15I;

interrupt for buffers full */

/* enable sport1 receive interrupt */

/* Enable circular buffer 15 wrap

/* —————————————————————————————*/

/* Process received data here. Data samples located in fm_demod_data

and fm_demod_data+1

/*—————————————————————————————*/

spr1_svc: jump spr1_asserted;

spr1_asserted:

RTI;

push sts;

/* Push the status stack */

/* Use secondary set of DAGs and Register file */

REV. 0

–39–

AD6620

/*—————————————————————————————*/

In this application, one high speed ADC can feed parallel

AD6620s. Although not shown in this diagram, the SYNC_NCO

and SYNC_CICs are tied together and synchronized from an

external source with all chips run as SYNC_Slaves.

/*—————————————————————————————*/

spr1_asserted: /* SPORT1 Receive interrupt - do the fm demod and

increment the counter */

This architecture allows for each AD6620 to process four times

as many taps as would otherwise be possible. Consider the ex-

ample of an ADC clocked at 58.9824 MHz and a desired output

data rate of 4.9152 MHz. If a single AD6620 were used, the

decimation rate would be 12 (58.9824/4.9152) allowing for only

12 taps in the FIR filter. Not nearly enough for a usable digital

filter. Now consider the case where each AD6620 only provides

an output for one in four samples. In this case, the decimation

rate per chip would be four times larger, 48 in this example.

With a decimation of 48, more taps for the filter can be gener-

ated and produce a much better filter.

push sts;

/* Push the status stack */

/* Use secondary set of DAGs and Register file */

SRRFL;

nop;

/* Insert code here for processing I and Q data pairs. The DSP serial

port handler has placed the samples in fm_demod_data through

fm_demod_data+3 */

pop sts;

rti (db);

/* Pop the status stack */

COUNTER

0 TO 47

COUNT = 0

CLOCK IN

/* Switch back to primary set of DAGs and Register file */

COUNT = 11

COUNT = 23

COUNT = 35

SRRFL;

nop;

.ENDSEG;

Figure 58. RCF Timing Generator for Parallel Processing

/*—————————————————————————————*/

Implementation of such a procedure is quite simple and basi-

cally shown in Figure 58. The filter design would proceed by

designing the filter to have the desired spectral characteristics

at its output rate. For our example here, each AD6620 would

have an output rate of 1.2288 MHz. The filter should be de-

signed such that the required rejection is attained directly at this

rate. This one filter is loaded into each chip. Upsampling is

achieved on the output by multiplexing between the different

AD6620 outputs which are staggered, in this case by 90 degrees

of the output data rate. Therefore, since the decimation rate

is 48 and four AD6620s are used, every 12 high speed clock

cycles a new AD6620 output should be selected. The most

direct method is to use these pulses to trigger the SYNC_RCF

signals. This staggering is required to properly phase the AD6620’s

internal computations. Once the chips have been synchronized

in this manner, they will begin producing DV_OUTsignals that

can be used to instruct the Output Selector which output is

valid.

PARALLEL PROCESSING USING AD6620

If a single AD6620 does not have enough time to compute an

adequate filter, multiple AD6620s can be operated in parallel as

shown in Figure 57. In this example, the processing is distrib-

uted between four chips so that each chip can process more

taps. The outputs are then combined such that the desired data

rate is achieved.

CLK

AIN

D

IN

AD6640

AD6620 #1

D

OUT

DV

SYNC RCF

OUT

CLK

D

IN

AD6620 #2

ENCODE

CLOCK

D

OUT

The RCF Timing Control is responsible for proper phasing of

the AD6620s in the system. The example shown here is for the

example of four devices in parallel. It can easily be expanded to

any number of devices with this methodology. Since the AD6620s

are decimating by 48, the complete cycle time is 48 system

clocks. Thus the timing control must run modulo 48. When the

count is 0, the first RCF should be reset with a pulse that is one

clock cycle wide. Likewise, when the count is 11, 23 and 35,

RCF2, RCF3 and RCF4 should be reset respectively. This will

properly phase the AD6620s to run 90 degrees out of phase. If

this example consisted of six AD6620s, then they should be

reset on count 0, 7, 15, 23, 31 and 39. Following this method,

any number of AD6620s can be paralleled for higher data rates.

DV

SYNC RCF

OUT

OUTPUT

SELECTOR

CLK

D

IN

AD6620 #3

D

OUT

DV

SYNC RCF

OUT

CLK

D

IN

AD6620 #4

D

OUT

DV

SYNC RCF

OUT

Once the AD6620 RCFs are properly phased, the DV_OUTsig-

nals will then enable the output selector to know which outputs

should be connected at the correct point in time. In review, the

DV_OUTsignal pulses high when the RCF data is being placed on

RCF TIMING

CONTROL

Figure 57. Parallel processing with the AD6620

REV. 0

–40–

AD6620

the outputs. Since the devices are operated in Single Channel

Real mode, this signal will be high for two clock cycles while

two pieces of data are written to the output. The output pairs

consist of I followed by Q. As each chip’s DV_OUTcycles high, its

data should be connected to the output bus as shown below.

This effectively forms a MUX that sequentially cycles the out-

put of each of the AD6620s in the system to the output port.

The only remaining issue is retiming the data. Since each AD6620

clocks its data out in two clock cycles, there will be six cycles

where the data is idle. During this period, the last Q out will

remain valid until the next chip in the sequence generates its

DV_OUTsignal. This normally should pose no problem, but if it

does, the output data could easily go to a FIFO and be retimed

so that output data streams at a regular rate.

In the Output Selector above each of the DV_OUTlines is ANDed

with main clock. This allows the data out of each of the AD6620s

to be properly latched into the input latches. The DV_OUTline is

also responsible for placing the latched outputs on the internal

bus at the proper time. This data is then latched in the output

latch using the internal ORed clocking signals.

The timing for these events is shown in Figure 60. As shown,

the system clock is run at the specified rate. Then the RCF

timing control state machine is responsible for generating the

appropriate sync pulses. When each AD6620 completes its SOP

computation, it generates the DV_OUTpulses shown below. Con-

currently, each chip places its IQ data on the output pins of that

device. With this data, the output selector state machine com-

bines all of the data and places the data on the output bus.

Using the AD6620 in a Narrow Band System

A typical interconnection between the AD6600, AD6620 and a

General Purpose DSP. This is an example of an IF sampling

narrow-band system and offers many technical and cost advan-

tages over traditional solutions. In this example, the AD6620 is in

Diversity Channel Real Mode, with the AD6600 sampling a

diversity antenna on its B channel. The AD6620 performs float-

ing-point to fixed-point conversion, digital tuning, digital filter-

ing and decimation of the A/D output data.

D

INPUT LATCHING

OUT1

OE

CLOCK

DV

OUT1

D

OUT1

OUTPUT

LATCHING

MAIN

INPUT

CLOCK

2

؋

CLK

SCLK

SDI

SCLK

SDO

SDI

CLK

A/B OUT

3 RSSI BITS

11 DATA BITS

A/B

AD6600

DV

OUT2

SDO

E[2...0]

IN[15...5]

SDFS

DIVERSITY

INPUT

ENCODE

DSP

AD6620

D

OUT1

Figure 61. Implementation of a Narrow Band Receiver

CLOCK

The 2× CLK on the AD6600 is used as the processing CLK of

the AD6620. The use of this faster clock allows the RCF filter to

process up to twice as many taps per sample. The increased

number of taps available helps to improve the filter characteris-

tics. In some applications an even faster processing clock may be

necessary to allow for improved digital filter performance. In this

case the A/B pin of the AD6620 must be toggled when each

channel input is to be sampled.

DV

OUT3

D

OUT1

CLOCK

DV

OUT4

Figure 59. Parallel Procession Output Selector

CLOCK

DV

OUT1

DV

OUT2

DV

OUT3

DV

OUT4

AD6620–1

I

Q

‘

AD6620–2

AD6620–3

AD6620–4

I

Q

I

Q

I

Q

SELECTOR

OUTPUT

Figure 60. Timing for Parallel Processing

REV. 0

–41–

AD6620

For most narrow-band uses of the AD6600/AD6620 combina-

tion, a high oversampling ratio is desired. This spreads the

quantization noise of the A/D over a wider spectrum and allows

the digital filtering of the AD6620 to remove much of this noise.

This effectively increases the SNR of the AD6600. This process

of oversampling and digital filtering is called “process gain” and

its contribution to SNR can be calculated from the equation

below.

The AD6640 and the AD6620 are both designed to run as fast

as 65 MHz. In these applications the AD6620 will be used to

process only one channel and will process the data at the A/D

sample rate. Additional channels can be processed by taking the

AD6640 high speed data stream to additional AD6620s. Each

AD6620 can then be tuned to a different channel.

The AD6620 provides a great deal of selectivity by mixing down

a channel of interest as in the narrow-band case and filtering the

out-of-band noise and adjacent channels. Unlike the narrow-

band solutions it is much more difficult to place the spurious

content out of the band of interest because more of this band-

width is used due to the larger number of carrier channels. The

aliased spurs of one channel are likely to fold back on another

channel. This places a greater requirement on the Spurious

Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of the A/D than in the narrow-

band case. The SFDR is then usually the limiting factor of the

wide-band system.

Sample_Rate_of _Channel

PG =10 log

Signal _Bandwidth

The process of oversampling can also provide the benefit of

lowering the noise floor of the A/D. This can increase the effec-

tive dynamic range of a receiver if the sampling rate is chosen

such that the signal harmonics and/or intermodular distortion

(IMD) products fall out of the band of interest. In this case

these spurs could be filtered by the AD6620 and the quantiza-

tion noise would be the dominant dynamic range limitation of

the AD6600/AD6620 receiver solution.

Provided that the A/D has sufficient SFDR for the air interface

requirements, the AD6620 can use process gain, as in the narrow-

band case, by filtering the out-of-band noise and adjacent chan-

nel power. This increases the SNR of the digital data stream.

A DSP is then used to perform the demodulation of the digital

channel. This has the advantage of allowing for in-system con-

figuration options and can even allow for improved modulation

techniques to be applied in the future. This assumes that the

AD6600 and the circuitry on its front end are compatible with

the modulation standard to be used.

As in the Narrow-band System a DSP is then used to demodu-

late the digital data. The same advantages of flexibility exist in

the wide-band case as they did in the narrow-band case. Future

improvements in demodulation algorithms can be implemented

in the receiver, provided that the front end hardware is compat-

ible with the desired modulation standard.

For more information on using the AD6600 and AD6620 in a

Single Carrier application, refer to Analog Devices’ Application

note AN-502.

Using the AD6620 in a Wideband System

The AD6620 is fully capable of being utilized in a wide-band

architecture system where A/Ds such as the AD6640 or the

AD9042 usually run at higher sample rates than those typically

found in a narrow-band system. A correspondingly wider band

can then be digitized. The digitization of this wide bandwidth

allows many more channels to be digitized using the same A/D

and IF circuitry. The core configuration of such a system is

shown in Figure 62.

SCLK

SDI

SCLK

SDO

SDI

INPUT

12 DATA BITS

SDO

AD6640

IN[15...5]

SDFS

AD6620

DSP

ENCODE

CLK

Figure 62. Implementation of a Multicarrier Receivers

REV. 0

–42–

AD6620

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).

80-Lead Terminal Plastic Quad Flatpack (PQFP)

(S-80A)

0.690 (17.45)

0.667 (16.95)

0.555 (14.10)

0.134 (3.40)

MAX

0.547 (13.90)

0.486 (12.35) BSC

0.041 (1.03)

0.029 (0.73)

80

61

60

1

SEATING

PLANE

TOP VIEW

(PINS DOWN)

0.004 (0.10)

MAX

20

21

41

40

0.010 (0.25)

MIN

0.026 (0.65) 0.015 (0.38)

BSC

0.120 (3.05)

0.100 (2.55)

0.009 (0.22)

REV. 0

–43–


型号：	AD6620
厂家：	ADI
描述：	65 MSPS Digital Receive Signal Processor 65 MSPS数字接收信号处理器电信集成电路电信电路
文件：	总43页 (文件大小：356K)
中文：	中文翻译
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