EVAL-ADF4150EB1Z [ADI]

Fractional-N/Integer-N PLL Synthesizer; 小数N /整数N分频PLL合成器
EVAL-ADF4150EB1Z
型号: EVAL-ADF4150EB1Z
厂家: ADI    ADI
描述:

Fractional-N/Integer-N PLL Synthesizer
小数N /整数N分频PLL合成器

文件: 总28页 (文件大小:486K)
中文:  中文翻译
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Fractional-N/Integer-N PLL Synthesizer  
ADF4150  
FEATURES  
GENERAL DESCRIPTION  
Fractional-N synthesizer and integer-N synthesizer  
Programmable divide-by-1/-2/-4/-8/-16 output  
5.0 GHz RF bandwidth  
3.0 V to 3.6 V power supply  
1.8 V logic compatibility  
Separate charge pump supply (VP) allows extended tuning  
voltage in 3 V systems  
Programmable dual-modulus prescaler of 4/5 or 8/9  
Programmable output power level  
RF output mute function  
The ADF4150 allows implementation of fractional-N or  
integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers  
if used with an external voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO),  
loop filter, and external reference frequency.  
The ADF4150 is for use with external VCO parts and is  
software compatible with the ADF4350. The VCO frequency  
can be divided by 1/2/4/8/16 to allow the user to generate RF  
output frequencies as low as 31.25 MHz. For applications that  
require isolation the RF output stage can be muted. The mute  
function is both pin and software controllable.  
3-wire serial interface  
Control of all the on-chip registers is through a simple 3-wire  
interface. The device operates with a power supply ranging  
from 3.0 V to 3.6 V and can be powered down when not in use.  
Analog and digital lock detect  
Switched bandwidth fast-lock mode  
Cycle slip reduction  
The ADF4150 is available in a 4 mm × 4 mm package.  
APPLICATIONS  
Wireless infrastructure (W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, WiMax, GSM,  
PCS, DCS, DECT)  
Test equipment  
Wireless LANs, CATV equipment  
Clock generation  
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM  
SDV  
AV  
DV  
V
R
SET  
DD  
DD  
DD  
P
MULTIPLEXER  
MUXOUT  
10-BIT R  
COUNTER  
÷2  
DIVIDER  
×2  
REF  
IN  
DOUBLER  
LOCK  
DETECT  
SW  
LD  
FL SWITCH  
O
CLK  
DATA  
LE  
DATA REGISTER  
FUNCTION  
LATCH  
CHARGE  
PUMP  
CP  
OUT  
PHASE  
COMPARATOR  
RF  
RF  
+
OUT  
OUTPUT  
STAGE  
DIVIDE-BY-1/  
-2/-4/-8/-16  
INTEGER  
REG  
FRACTION  
REG  
MODULUS  
REG  
OUT  
PDB  
RF  
THIRD-ORDER  
FRACTIONAL  
INTERPOLATOR  
RF  
+
RF  
INPUT  
IN  
MULTIPLEXER  
RF  
IN  
N COUNTER  
ADF4150  
CE  
A
CP  
SD  
GND  
GND  
GND  
Figure 1.  
Rev. 0  
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no  
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other  
rights of third parties that may result fromits use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No  
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.  
Trademarks andregisteredtrademarks are the property of their respective owners.  
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.  
Tel: 781.329.4700  
Fax: 781.461.3113  
www.analog.com  
©2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.  
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Features .............................................................................................. 1  
Register 1 ..................................................................................... 18  
Register 2 ..................................................................................... 18  
Register 3 ..................................................................................... 20  
Register 4 ..................................................................................... 20  
Register 5 ..................................................................................... 20  
Initialization Sequence .............................................................. 20  
RF Synthesizer—A Worked Example ...................................... 21  
Modulus....................................................................................... 21  
Reference Doubler and Reference Divider ............................. 21  
12-Bit Programmable Modulus................................................ 21  
Cycle Slip Reduction for Faster Lock Times........................... 22  
Spurious Optimization and Fast lock ...................................... 22  
Fast Lock Timer and Register Sequences................................ 22  
Fast Lock—An Example ............................................................ 23  
Fast Lock—Loop Filter Topology............................................. 23  
Spur Mechanisms ....................................................................... 23  
Spur Consistency and Fractional Spur Optimization ........... 24  
Phase Resync............................................................................... 24  
Applications Information .............................................................. 25  
Direct Conversion Modulator .................................................. 25  
Interfacing ................................................................................... 26  
PCB Design Guidelines for Chip Scale Package .................... 26  
Output Matching........................................................................ 27  
Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 28  
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 28  
Applications....................................................................................... 1  
General Description ......................................................................... 1  
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1  
Revision History ............................................................................... 2  
Specifications..................................................................................... 3  
Timing Characteristics ................................................................ 5  
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 6  
Transistor Count........................................................................... 6  
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 6  
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 7  
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 9  
Circuit Description......................................................................... 11  
Reference Input Section............................................................. 11  
RF N Divider............................................................................... 11  
INT, FRAC, MOD, and R Counter Relationship.................... 11  
INT N Mode................................................................................ 11  
R Counter .................................................................................... 11  
Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) and Charge Pump............ 11  
MUXOUT and Lock Detect...................................................... 12  
Input Shift Registers................................................................... 12  
Program Modes .......................................................................... 12  
Output Stage................................................................................ 12  
Register Maps.................................................................................. 13  
Register 0 ..................................................................................... 18  
REVISION HISTORY  
7/11—Revision 0: Initial Version  
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
SPECIFICATIONS  
AVDD = DVDD = SDVDD = 3.3 V 10%; VP = AVDD to 5.5 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. The  
operating temperature range is −40°C to +85°C.  
Table 1.  
B Version  
Parameter  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Conditions/Comments  
REFIN CHARACTERISTICS  
Input Frequency  
Input Sensitivity  
Input Capacitance  
Input Current  
10  
0.7  
250  
AVDD  
5.0  
MHz  
V p-p  
pF  
For f < 10 MHz ensure slew rate > 21 V/µs  
Biased at AVDD/21  
60  
µA  
RF INPUT CHARACTERISTICS  
RF Input Frequency (RFIN), RF Output  
Buffer Disabled  
RF Input Frequency (RFIN), RF Output  
Buffer Disabled  
RF Input Frequency (RFIN) RF Output  
Buffer Enabled  
RF Input Frequency (RFIN) RF Output  
Buffer and Dividers Enabled  
Prescaler Output Frequency  
MAXIMUM PFD FREQUENCY  
Fractional-N (Low Spur Mode)  
Fractional-N Mode (Low Noise Mode)  
Integer-N Mode  
0.5  
0.5  
0.5  
0.5  
4.0  
5.0  
3.5  
3.0  
750  
GHz  
GHz  
GHz  
GHz  
MHz  
−10 dBm ≤ RF input power ≤ +5 dBm  
−5 dBm ≤ RF input power ≤ +5 dBm  
−10 dBm ≤ RF input power ≤ +5 dBm  
−10 dBm ≤ RF input power ≤ +5 dBm  
26  
32  
32  
MHz  
MHz  
MHz  
CHARGE PUMP  
ICP Sink/Source  
RSET = 5.1 kΩ  
High Value  
Low Value  
RSET Range  
ICP Leakage  
Sink and Source Current Matching  
ICP vs. VCP  
ICP vs. Temperature  
LOGIC INPUTS  
4.65  
0.29  
mA  
mA  
kΩ  
nA  
%
2.7  
10  
1
2
1
2
VCP = VP/2  
0.5 V ≤ VCP ≤ VP − 0.5 V  
0.5 V ≤ VCP ≤ VP − 0.5 V  
VCP = VP/2  
%
%
Input High Voltage, VINH  
Input Low Voltage, VINL  
Input Current, IINH/IINL  
Input Capacitance, CIN  
LOGIC OUTPUTS  
1.5  
V
V
µA  
pF  
0.6  
1
3.0  
Output High Voltage, VOH  
Output High Current, IOH  
Output Low Voltage, VO  
POWER SUPPLIES  
AVDD  
DVDD − 0.4  
V
µA  
V
CMOS output chosen  
IOL = 500 µA  
500  
0.4  
3.0  
3.6  
V
DVDD, SDVDD  
AVDD  
VP  
AVDD  
5.5  
60  
V
2
DIDD + AIDD  
Output Dividers  
IRFOUT  
50  
6 to 24  
24  
1
mA  
mA  
mA  
µA  
Each output divide by two consumes 6 mA  
RF output stage is programmable  
2
32  
Low Power Sleep Mode  
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
B Version  
Typ  
Parameter  
Min  
Max  
Unit  
Conditions/Comments  
RF OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS  
Minimum Output Frequency Using RF 31.25  
Output Dividers  
Maximum RFIN Frequency Using RF  
Output Dividers  
MHz  
MHz  
500 MHz VCO input and divide-by-16 selected  
4400  
Harmonic Content (Second)  
Harmonic Content (Third)  
Harmonic Content (Second)  
Harmonic Content (Third)  
Output Power 3  
−19  
−13  
−20  
−10  
−4  
dBc  
dBc  
dBc  
dBc  
dBm  
dBm  
dB  
Fundamental VCO output  
Fundamental VCO output  
Divided VCO output  
Divided VCO output  
Maximum setting  
+5  
1
Minimum setting  
Output Power Variation  
Level of Signal With RF Mute Enabled  
NOISE CHARACTERISTICS  
−40  
dBm  
−223  
dBc/Hz  
Normalized Phase Noise Floor  
PLL loop BW = 500 kHz (ABP = 3 ns)  
4
(PNSYNTH  
Normalized 1/f Noise (PN1_f  
)
5
dBc/Hz  
dBc/Hz  
)
−123  
−222  
10 kHz offset. Normalized to 1 GHz. (ABP = 3 ns)  
PLL loop BW = 500 kHz (ABP = 6 ns); low noise  
mode selected  
10 kHz offset; normalized to 1 GHz; (ABP = 6 ns);  
low noise mode selected  
Normalized Phase Noise Floor  
4
(PNSYNTH  
)
5
dBc/Hz  
Normalized 1/f Noise (PN1_f  
)
−119  
Spurious Signals Due to PFD  
Frequency6  
−90  
−75  
dBc  
dBc  
VCO output  
RF output buffers  
1 AC coupling ensures AVDD/2 bias.  
2 TA = 25°C; AVDD = DVDD = 3.3 V; prescaler = 8/9; fREFIN = 100 MHz; fPFD = 26 MHz; fRF = 1.7422 GHz.  
3 Using a tuned load.  
4 The synthesizer phase noise floor is estimated by measuring the in-band phase noise at the output of the VCO and subtracting 20 log N (where N is the N divider  
value) and 10 log FPFD. PNSYNTH = PNTOT − 10logFPFD − 20logN.  
5 The PLL phase noise is composed of 1/f (flicker) noise plus the normalized PLL noise floor. The formula for calculating the 1/f noise contribution at an RF frequency (FRF)  
and at a frequency offset (f) is given by PN = P1_f + 10log(10 kHz/f) + 20log(FRF/1 GHz). Both the normalized phase noise floor and flicker noise are modeled in ADIsimPLL.  
6 Spurious measured on EVAL-ADF4150EB1Z, using a Rohde & Schwarz FSUP signal source analyzer.  
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS  
AVDD = DVDD = SDVDD = 3.3 V 10%; VP = AVDD to 5.5 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Operating  
temperature range is −40°C to +85°C.  
Table 2.  
Parameter  
Limit (B Version)  
Unit  
Test Conditions/Comments  
LE setup time  
DATA to CLK setup time  
DATA to CLK hold time  
CLK high duration  
CLK low duration  
t1  
t2  
t3  
t4  
t5  
t6  
t7  
20  
10  
10  
25  
25  
10  
20  
ns min  
ns min  
ns min  
ns min  
ns min  
ns min  
ns min  
CLK to LE setup time  
LE pulse width  
t4  
t5  
CLK  
t2  
t3  
DB2  
(CONTROL BIT C3)  
DB1  
DB0 (LSB)  
(CONTROL BIT C1)  
DB31 (MSB)  
DB30  
DATA  
LE  
(CONTROL BIT C2)  
t7  
t1  
t6  
LE  
Figure 2. Timing Diagram  
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 28  
 
 
ADF4150  
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS  
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.  
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings  
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress  
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any  
other conditions above those indicated in the operational  
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute  
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect  
device reliability.  
Table 3.  
Parameter  
AVDD to GND1  
Rating  
−0.3 V to +3.9 V  
−0.3 V to +0.3 V  
−0.3 V to +5.8 V  
−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V  
−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V  
−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V  
−40°C to +85°C  
−65°C to +125°C  
150°C  
AVDD to DVDD  
VP to AVDD  
Digital I/O Voltage to GND1  
Analog I/O Voltage to GND1  
REFIN to GND1  
Operating Temperature Range  
Storage Temperature Range  
Maximum Junction Temperature  
LFCSP θJA Thermal Impedance  
(Paddle-Soldered)  
TRANSISTOR COUNT  
23380 (CMOS) and 809 (bipolar)  
ESD CAUTION  
27.3°C/W  
Reflow Soldering  
Peak Temperature  
Time at Peak Temperature  
260°C  
40 sec  
1 GND = AGND = DGND = 0 V.  
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 28  
 
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS  
PIN 1  
INDICATOR  
CLK  
DATA  
LE  
CE  
SW  
1
2
3
4
5
6
18 DV  
17 PDB  
16 AV  
DD  
RF  
2
ADF4150  
TOP VIEW  
(Not to Scale)  
DD  
15 RF  
14 RF  
+
OUT  
OUT  
V
13 A  
P
GND  
NOTES  
1. THE LFCSP HAS AN EXPOSED PADDLE  
THAT MUST BE CONNECTED TO GND.  
Figure 3. Pin Configuration  
Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions  
Pin No.  
Mnemonic  
Description  
1
CLK  
Serial Clock Input. Data is clocked into the 32-bit shift register on the CLK rising edge. This input is a high  
impedance CMOS input.  
2
3
4
DATA  
LE  
Serial Data Input. The serial data is loaded MSB first with the three LSBs as the control bits. This input is a high  
impedance CMOS input.  
Load Enable, CMOS Input. When LE goes high, the data stored in the shift register is loaded into the register  
that is selected by the three LSBs.  
Chip Enable. A logic low on this pin powers down the device and puts the charge pump into three-state  
mode. Taking the pin high powers up the device depending on the status of the power-down bits.  
CE  
5
6
SW  
VP  
Fastlock Switch. Make a connection to this pin from the loop filter when using the fastlock mode.  
Charge Pump Power Supply. This pin should be greater than or equal to AVDD. In systems where AVDD is 3 V, it  
can be set to 5.5 V and used to drive a VCO with a tuning range of up to 5.5 V.  
7
CPOUT  
Charge Pump Output. When enabled, this provides ICP to the external loop filter. The output of the loop filter  
is connected to VTUNE to drive the external VCO.  
8
9
CPGND  
Charge Pump Ground. This is the ground return pin for CPOUT  
Analog Power Supply. This pin ranges from 3.0 V to 3.6 V. Decoupling capacitors to the analog ground plane  
.
AVDD  
1
are to be placed as close as possible to this pin. AVDD must have the same value as DVDD  
Input to the RF Input. This small signal input is ac-coupled to the external VCO.  
Complementary Input to the RF Input. This point must be decoupled to the ground plane with a small bypass  
capacitor, typically 100 pF.  
.
10  
11  
RFIN+  
RFIN−  
12, 13  
14  
AGND  
RFOUT  
Analog Ground. This is a ground return pin for AVDD1 and AVDD2.  
Complementary RF Output. The output level is programmable. The VCO fundamental output or a divided  
down version is available.  
RF Output. The output level is programmable. The VCO fundamental output or a divided down version is  
available.  
Analog Power Supply. This pin ranges from 3.0 V to 3.6 V. Decoupling capacitors to the analog ground plane  
+
15  
16  
RFOUT  
AVDD  
2
are to be placed as close as possible to this pin. AVDD2 must have the same value as DVDD  
.
17  
18  
PDBRF  
DVDD  
RF Power-Down. A logic low on this pin mutes the RF outputs. This function is also software controllable.  
Digital Power Supply. This pin should be the same voltage as AVDD. Place decoupling capacitors to the ground  
plane as close as possible to this pin.  
19  
20  
21  
REFIN  
Reference Input. This is a CMOS input with a nominal threshold of VDD/2 and a dc equivalent input resistance  
of 100 kΩ. This input can be driven from a TTL or CMOS crystal oscillator, or it can be ac-coupled.  
Lock Detect Output Pin. This pin outputs a logic high to indicate PLL lock; a logic low output indicates loss of  
PLL lock.  
Multiplexer Output. This multiplexer output allows either the lock detect, the scaled RF, or the scaled reference  
frequency to be accessed externally.  
LD  
MUXOUT  
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
Pin No.  
Mnemonic  
Description  
22  
SDVDD  
Power Supply Pin for the Digital Sigma-Delta (Σ-Δ) Modulator. This pin should be the same voltage as AVDD  
Decoupling capacitors to the ground plane are to be placed as close as possible to this pin.  
.
23  
24  
SDGND  
RSET  
Digital Σ-Δ Modulator Ground. Ground return path for the Σ-Δ modulator.  
Connecting a resistor between this pin and GND sets the charge pump output current. The nominal voltage  
bias at the RSET pin is 0.48 V. The relationship between ICP and RSET is  
23.9  
ICP  
=
RSET  
where:  
RSET = 5.1 kΩ.  
ICP = 5 mA.  
25  
EP  
The exposed pad must be connected to GND.  
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 28  
ADF4150  
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS  
–60  
0
–5  
–80  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–180  
–10  
–15  
–20  
–25  
–30  
–35  
–40  
+25°C  
+85°C  
–40°C  
–45  
–50  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
0
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
4.5 5.0  
FREQUENCY (GHz)  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
Figure 4. RF Input Sensitivity; RF Output Enabled; Output Divide-by-1  
Selected  
Figure 7. Integer-N Phase Noise and Spur Performance; Low Noise Mode;  
VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz, Loop Filter  
Bandwidth= 50 kHz  
10  
0
–60  
–80  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–180  
–10  
–20  
–30  
–40  
+25°C  
+85°C  
–40°C  
–50  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1M  
10M  
100M  
1G  
10G  
FREQUENCY (MHz)  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
Figure 5. RF Input Sensitivity; RF Output Disabled  
Figure 8. Fractional-N Phase Noise and Spur Performance; Low Noise Mode;  
VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz, Loop Filter  
Bandwidth= 15 kHz, Channel Spacing = 200 kHz. FRAC = 26, MOD = 125  
–60  
0
–5  
–80  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–180  
–10  
–15  
–20  
–25  
–30  
–35  
+25°C  
+85°C  
–40°C  
–40  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
0
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
FREQUENCY (GHz)  
Figure 6. RF Sensitivity; RF Output Enabled (RF Dividers-by-2/-4/-8/-16  
Enabled)  
Figure 9. Fractional-N Phase Noise and Spur Performance; Low Spur Mode;  
VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz, Loop Filter  
Bandwidth= 50 kHz, Channel Spacing = 200 kHz. FRAC = 26, MOD = 125  
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
–60  
–60  
–80  
–80  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–180  
–180  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
Figure 10. RF Output Phase Noise RF Dividers Used; Integer-N; Low Noise  
Mode; VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz, Loop Filter  
Bandwidth = 50 kHz  
Figure 12. RF Buffer Output Fractional-N Phase Noise and Spur Performance;  
Low Noise Mode; VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz,  
Loop Filter Bandwidth = 15 kHz, Channel Spacing = 200 kHz; FRAC = 1,  
MOD = 5; Output Divider = 2  
–60  
–80  
–60  
–80  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–180  
–100  
–120  
–140  
–160  
–180  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
Figure 13. RF Buffer Output Fractional-N Phase Noise and Spur Performance;  
Low Noise Mode; VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz,  
Loop Filter Bandwidth = 15 kHz, Channel Spacing = 200 kHz. FRAC = 1,  
MOD = 5. Output divider = 4  
Figure 11. RF Buffer Output Fractional-N Phase Noise and Spur Performance;  
Low Noise Mode; VCOOUT = 1750 MHz, REFIN = 100 MHz, PFD = 25 MHz,  
Loop Filter Bandwidth = 15 kHz, Channel Spacing = 200 kHz; FRAC = 1,  
MOD = 5; Output Divider = 1  
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 28  
ADF4150  
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION  
RF N DIVIDER  
N COUNTER  
N = INT + FRAC/MOD  
REFERENCE INPUT SECTION  
FROM  
VCO OUTPUT/  
OUTPUT DIVIDERS  
The reference input stage is shown in Figure 14. SW1 and SW2  
are normally closed switches. SW3 is normally open. When  
power-down is initiated, SW3 is closed and SW1 and SW2 are  
opened. This ensures that there is no loading of the REFIN pin  
on power-down.  
TO PFD  
THIRD ORDER  
FRACTIONAL  
INTERPOLATOR  
POWER-DOWN  
CONTROL  
INT  
REG  
MOD  
REG  
FRAC  
VALUE  
100k  
SW2  
NC  
TO R COUNTER  
REF  
IN  
Figure 15. RF INT Divider  
NC  
SW1  
BUFFER  
SW3  
INT N MODE  
NO  
If the FRAC = 0 and DB8 in Register 2 (LDF) is set to 1, the  
synthesizer operates in integer-N mode. The DB8 in Register 2  
(LDF) should be set to 1 to get integer-N digital lock detect.  
Additionally, lower phase noise is possible if the anti-backlash  
pulse width is reduced to 3 ns. This mode is not valid for  
fractional-N applications.  
Figure 14. Reference Input Stage  
RF N DIVIDER  
The RF N divider allows a division ratio in the PLL feedback  
path. Division ratio is determined by INT, FRAC, and MOD  
values, which build up this divider.  
R COUNTER  
INT, FRAC, MOD, AND R COUNTER RELATIONSHIP  
The 10–bit R counter allows the input reference frequency  
(REFIN) to be divided down to produce the reference clock  
to the PFD. Division ratios from 1 to 1023 are allowed.  
The INT, FRAC, and MOD values, in conjunction with the R  
counter, make it possible to generate output frequencies that  
are spaced by fractions of the PFD frequency. See the RF  
Synthesizer—A Worked Example section for more informa-  
tion. The RF VCO frequency (RFOUT) equation is  
PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD) AND  
CHARGE PUMP  
The phase frequency detector (PFD) takes inputs from the R  
counter and N counter and produces an output proportional to  
the phase and frequency difference between them. Figure 16 is  
a simplified schematic of the phase frequency detector. The  
PFD includes a programmable delay element that sets the width  
of the antibacklash pulse, which can be either 6 ns (default, for  
fractional-N applications) or 3 ns (for integer-N mode). This  
pulse ensures there is no dead zone in the PFD transfer function,  
and gives a consistent reference spur level.  
RFOUT = fPFD × (INT + (FRAC/MOD))  
where:  
RFOUT is the output frequency of external voltage controlled  
(1)  
oscillator (VCO).  
INT is the preset divide ratio of the binary 16–bit counter  
(23 to 65535 for 4/5 prescaler, 75 to 65535 for 8/9 prescaler).  
MOD is the preset fractional modulus (2 to 4095).  
FRAC is the numerator of the fractional division (0 to MOD − 1).  
fPFD = REFIN × [(1 + D)/(R × (1 + T))]  
(2)  
UP  
HIGH  
D1  
Q1  
where:  
U1  
CLR1  
REFIN is the reference input frequency.  
D is the REFIN doubler bit.  
+IN  
T is the REFIN divide-by-2 bit (0 or 1).  
R is the preset divide ratio of the binary 10-bit programmable  
reference counter (1 to 1023).  
CHARGE  
PUMP  
CP  
U3  
DELAY  
DOWN  
CLR2  
D2 Q2  
HIGH  
U2  
–IN  
Figure 16. PFD Simplified Schematic  
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 28  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
MUXOUT AND LOCK DETECT  
PROGRAM MODES  
The output multiplexer on the ADF4150 allows the user  
to access various internal points on the chip. The state of  
MUXOUT is controlled by M3, M2, and M1 (for details, see  
Figure 22). Figure 17 shows the MUXOUT section in block  
diagram form.  
Figure 20 through Figure 25 show how the program modes are  
to be set up in the ADF4150.  
A number of settings in the ADF4150 are double buffered.  
These include the modulus value, phase value, R counter  
value, reference doubler, reference divide-by-2, and current  
setting. This means that two events have to occur before the  
part uses a new value of any of the double-buffered settings.  
First, the new value is latched into the device by writing to the  
appropriate register. Second, a new write must be performed  
on Register R0. For example, any time the modulus value is  
updated, Register R0 must be written to, thus ensuring the  
modulus value is loaded correctly. Divider select in Register 4  
(R4) is also double buffered, but only if DB13 of Register 2 (R2)  
is high.  
R COUNTER INPUT  
DV  
DD  
THREE-STATE-OUTPUT  
DV  
DD  
DGND  
R COUNTER OUTPUT  
N COUNTER OUTPUT  
ANALOG LOCK DETECT  
MUX  
CONTROL  
MUXOUT  
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT  
RESERVED  
OUTPUT STAGE  
The RFOUT+ and RFOUT− pins of the ADF4150 are connected  
to the collectors of an NPN differential pair driven by buffered  
outputs of the VCO, as shown in Figure 18. To allow the user  
to optimize the power dissipation vs. the output power require-  
ments, the tail current of the differential pair is programmable  
by Bit D2 and Bit D1 in Register 4 (R4). Four current levels may  
be set. These levels give output power levels of −4 dBm, −1 dBm,  
+2 dBm, and +5 dBm, respectively, using a 50 Ω resistor to  
AVDD and ac coupling into a 50 Ω load. Alternatively, both  
outputs can be combined in a 1 + 1:1 transformer or a 180°  
microstrip coupler (see the Output Matching section). If the  
outputs are used individually, the optimum output stage  
D
GND  
Figure 17. MUXOUT Schematic  
INPUT SHIFT REGISTERS  
The ADF4150 digital section includes a 10-bit RF R counter,  
a 16-bit RF N counter, a 12-bit FRAC counter, and a 12-bit  
modulus counter. Data is clocked into the 32-bit shift register  
on each rising edge of CLK. The data is clocked in MSB first.  
Data is transferred from the shift register to one of six latches  
on the rising edge of LE. The destination latch is determined  
by the state of the three control bits (C3, C2, and C1) in the  
shift register. These are the 3 LSBs, DB2, DB1, and DB0, as  
shown in Figure 2. The truth table for these bits is shown in  
Table 5. Figure 19 shows a summary of how the latches are  
programmed.  
consists of a shunt inductor to AVDD  
.
Another feature of the ADF4150 is that the supply current  
to the RF output stage can be shut down until the part  
achieves lock as measured by the digital lock detect circuitry.  
This is enabled by the mute-till-lock detect (MTLD) bit in  
Register 4 (R4).  
Table 5. C3, C2, and C1 Truth Table  
Control Bits  
RF  
+
RF  
OUT  
OUT  
C3  
0
0
0
0
C2  
0
0
1
1
C1  
0
1
0
1
Register  
Register 0 (R0)  
Register 1 (R1)  
Register 2 (R2)  
Register 3 (R3)  
Register 4 (R4)  
Register 5 (R5)  
BUFFER/  
DIVIDE-BY-1/  
-2/-4/-8/-16  
VCO  
1
1
0
0
0
1
Figure 18. Output Stage  
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 28  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
REGISTER MAPS  
REGISTER 0  
CONTROL  
BITS  
16-BIT INTEGER VALUE (INT)  
12-BIT FRACTIONAL VALUE (FRAC)  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
N16 N15 N14 N13 N12 N11 N10  
N9  
N8  
N7  
N6  
N5  
N4  
N3  
N2  
N1  
F12 F11  
F10  
F9  
F8  
F7  
F6  
F5  
F4  
F3  
F2  
F1 C3(0) C2(0) C1(0)  
REGISTER 1  
CONTROL  
BITS  
1
DBR1  
RESERVED  
12-BIT PHASE VALUE (PHASE)  
12-BIT MODULUS VALUE (MOD)  
DBR  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
PR1 P12 P11 P10  
P9  
P8  
P7  
P6  
P5  
P4  
P3  
P2  
P1  
M12 M11 M10  
M9  
M8  
M7 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 C3(0) C2(0) C1(1)  
REGISTER 2  
LOW  
CHARGE  
PUMP  
CURRENT  
SETTING  
NOISE AND  
LOW SPUR  
MODES  
DBR1  
CONTROL  
BITS  
DBR1  
MUXOUT  
10-BIT R COUNTER  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
L2  
L1  
M3  
M2  
M1 RD2 RD1 R10  
R9  
R8  
R7  
R6  
R5  
R4  
R3  
R2  
R1  
D1  
CP4 CP3 CP2 CP1 U6  
U5  
U4  
U3  
U2  
U1 C3(0) C2(1) C1(0)  
REGISTER 3  
CLK  
DIV  
MODE  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
CONTROL  
BITS  
12-BIT CLOCK DIVIDER VALUE  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
F3  
F2  
0
0
F1  
0
C2  
C1  
D12 D11 D10  
D9  
D8  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1 C3(0) C2(1) C1(1)  
REGISTER 4  
2
DBB  
DIVIDER  
SELECT  
OUTPUT  
POWER  
RESERVED  
CONTROL  
BITS  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D13 D12 D11 D10 BS8 BS7 BS6 BS5 BS4 BS3 BS2 BS1  
D9  
D8  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1 C3(1) C2(0) C1(0)  
REGISTER 5  
LD PIN  
MODE  
CONTROL  
BITS  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
D15 D14 C3(1) C2(0) C1(1)  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
DBR = DOUBLE BUFFERED REGISTER—BUFFERED BY THE WRITE TO REGISTER 0.  
DBB = DOUBLE BUFFERED BITS—BUFFERED BY THE WRITE TO REGISTER 0, IF AND ONLY IF DB13 OF REGISTER 2 IS HIGH.  
Figure 19. Register Summary  
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 28  
 
 
ADF4150  
CONTROL  
BITS  
16-BIT INTEGER VALUE (INT)  
12-BIT FRACTIONAL VALUE (FRAC)  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
N16  
N15  
N14  
N13  
N12  
N11  
N10  
N9  
N8  
N7  
N6  
N5  
N4  
N3  
N2  
N1  
F12  
F11  
F10  
F9  
F8  
F7  
F6  
F5  
F4  
F3  
F2  
F1 C3(0) C2(0) C1(0)  
F12  
0
0
0
0
.
F11  
0
0
0
0
.
.......... F2  
F1  
FRACTIONAL VALUE (FRAC)  
N16  
N15  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
N5  
N4  
N3  
N2  
N1  
INTEGER VALUE (INT)  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
.........  
0
0
1
1
.
0
1
0
1
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
1
.
0
1
0
.
NOT ALLOWED  
1
NOT ALLOWED  
2
NOT ALLOWED  
3
...  
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
.
1
1
1
.
0
0
1
.
1
1
0
.
1
1
0
.
0
1
0
.
NOT ALLOWED  
23  
.
.
.
.
.
24  
.
.
.
.
.
...  
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
4092  
4093  
4094  
4095  
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
65533  
65534  
65535  
INTmin = 75 with prescaler = 8/9  
Figure 20. Register 0 (R0)  
CONTROL  
BITS  
RESERVED  
12-BIT PHASE VALUE (PHASE)  
DBR  
12-BIT MODULUS VALUE (MOD)  
DBR  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
PR1  
P12  
P11  
P10  
P9  
P8  
P7  
P6  
P5  
P4  
P3  
P2  
P1  
M12 M11 M10  
M9  
M8  
M7 M6  
M5  
M4  
M3  
M2  
M1 C3(0) C2(0) C1(1)  
P1  
0
PRESCALER  
P12  
P11  
.......... P2  
P1  
0
1
0
1
.
PHASE VALUE (PHASE)  
M12  
M11  
..........  
M2  
M1  
INTERPOLATOR MODULUS (MOD)  
4/5  
8/9  
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
0
0
1
1
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
.
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
1
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
3
1 (RECOMMENDED)  
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
4092  
4093  
4094  
4095  
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
4092  
4093  
4094  
4095  
Figure 21. Register 1 (R1)  
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 28  
 
 
ADF4150  
CHARGE  
PUMP  
CURRENT  
SETTING  
LOW  
NOISE AND  
LOW SPUR  
MODES  
CONTROL  
BITS  
MUXOUT  
10-BIT R COUNTER  
DBR  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
L2  
L1  
M3  
M2  
M1 RD2 RD1 R10  
R9  
R8  
R7  
R6  
R5  
R4  
R3  
R2  
R1  
D1  
CP4 CP3 CP2 CP1 U6  
U5  
U4  
U3  
U2  
U1 C3(0) C2(1) C1(0)  
REFERENCE  
RD2  
COUNTER  
RESET  
DOUBLE BUFFER  
R4 DB22:DB20  
U1  
L1  
0
L2  
NOISE MODE  
DOUBLER  
D1  
U6  
0
LDF  
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
0
1
0
1
LOW NOISE MODE  
RESERVED  
FRAC-N  
INT-N  
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
0
1
1
RESERVED  
RD1 REFERENCE DIVIDE BY 2  
CP  
I
(mA)  
1
LOW SPUR MODE  
CP  
U2  
U5  
LDP  
THREE-STATE  
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
CP4  
CP3  
CP2  
CP1  
4.7k  
0
1
10ns  
6ns  
0
1
DISABLED  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.31  
0.63  
0.94  
1.25  
1.56  
1.88  
2.19  
2.50  
2.81  
3.13  
3.44  
3.75  
4.06  
4.38  
4.69  
5.00  
ENABLED  
R10  
R9  
..........  
R2  
R1  
R DIVIDER (R)  
U3  
POWER-DOWN  
U4  
0
PD POLARITY  
NEGATIVE  
POSITIVE  
0
0
.
0
0
.
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
0
1
.
1
0
.
1
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1020  
1021  
1022  
1023  
M3  
M2  
0
M1  
0
OUTPUT  
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
THREE-STATE OUTPUT  
0
1
DV  
DD  
1
0
DGND  
1
1
R DIVIDER OUTPUT  
N DIVIDER OUTPUT  
ANALOG LOCK DETECT  
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT  
RESERVED  
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Figure 22. Register 2 (R2)  
Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
CLK  
DIV  
MODE  
CONTROL  
BITS  
RESERVED  
12-BIT CLOCK DIVIDER VALUE  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
F1  
0
C2  
C1  
D12 D11  
D10  
D9  
D8  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1 C3(0) C2(1) C1(1)  
F3  
F2  
0
D12  
D11  
.......... D2  
D1  
CLOCK DIVIDER VALUE  
CYCLE SLIP  
REDUCTION  
F1  
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
..........  
0
0
1
1
.
0
1
0
1
.
0
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
1
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
C2  
C1  
0
CLOCK DIVIDER MODE  
CLOCK DIVIDER OFF  
FAST LOCK ENABLE  
RESYNC ENABLE  
RESERVED  
.
.
.
.
.
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
4092  
4093  
4094  
4095  
1
0
1
CHARGE  
CANCELLATION  
F2  
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
ANTIBACKLASH  
PULSE WIDTH  
F3  
0
1
6ns (FRAC-N)  
3ns (INT_N)  
Figure 23. Register 3 (R3)  
2
DBB  
DIVIDER  
SELECT  
OUTPUT  
POWER  
RESERVED  
CONTROL  
BITS  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D13 D12 D11 D10 BS8 BS7 BS6 BS5 BS4 BS3 BS2 BS1  
D9  
D8  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1 C3(1) C2(0) C1(0)  
FEEDBACK  
SELECT  
D13  
D2  
D1  
0
OUTPUT POWER  
0
0
1
1
–4  
–1  
+2  
+5  
0
1
DIVIDED  
FUNDAMENTAL  
1
0
MUTE TILL  
LOCK DETECT  
D12  
D11  
D10  
RF DIVIDER SELECT  
1
D8  
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
÷1  
÷2  
÷4  
÷8  
÷16  
MUTE DISABLED  
D3  
RF OUT  
1
MUTE ENABLED  
0
1
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
Figure 24. Register 4 (R4)  
Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 28  
 
 
ADF4150  
LD PIN  
MODE  
CONTROL  
BITS  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
RESERVED  
DB31 DB30 DB29 DB28 DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D15  
D14  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C3(1) C2(0) C1(1)  
D15  
D14  
LOCK DETECT PIN OPERATION  
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
LOW  
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT  
LOW  
HIGH  
Figure 25. Register 5 (R5)  
Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 28  
 
ADF4150  
12-Bit Phase Value (Phase)  
REGISTER 0  
These bits control what is loaded as the phase word. The word  
must be less than the MOD value programmed in Register 1.  
The word is used to program the RF output phase from 0° to  
360° with a resolution of 360°/MOD. See the Phase Resync  
section for more information. In most applications, the phase  
relationship between the RF signal and the reference is not  
important. In such applications, the PHASE value can be used  
to optimize the fractional and subfractional spur levels. See the  
Spur Consistency and Fractional Spur Optimization section for  
more information.  
Control Bits  
With Bits[C3:C1] set to 0, 0, 0, Register 0 is programmed.  
Figure 20 shows the input data format for programming this  
register.  
16-Bit Integer Value (INT)  
These 16 bits set the INT value, which determines the integer  
part of the feedback division factor. They are used in Equation 1  
(see the INT, FRAC, MOD, and R Counter Relationship section).  
All integer values from 23 to 65,535 are allowed for 4/5 prescaler.  
For 8/9 prescaler, the minimum integer value is 75.  
If neither the PHASE resync nor the spurious optimization  
functions are being used, it is recommended that the PHASE  
word be set to 1.  
12-Bit Fractional Value(FRAC)  
The 12 FRAC bits set the numerator of the fraction that is input  
to the Σ-Δ modulator. This, along with INT, specifies the new  
frequency channel that the synthesizer locks to, as shown in the  
RF Synthesizer—A Worked Example section. FRAC values from  
0 to MOD − 1 cover channels over a frequency range equal to  
the PFD reference frequency.  
12-Bit Modulus Value (MOD)  
This programmable register sets the fractional modulus. This  
is the ratio of the PFD frequency to the channel step resolution  
on the RF output. See the RF Synthesizer—A Worked Example  
section for more information.  
REGISTER 1  
Control Bits  
REGISTER 2  
Control Bits  
With Bits[C3:C1] set to 0, 0, 1, Register 1 is programmed.  
Figure 21 shows the input data format for programming  
this register.  
With Bits[C3:C1] set to 0, 1, 0, Register 2 is programmed.  
Figure 22 shows the input data format for programming  
this register.  
Prescaler Value  
Low Noise and Spur Modes  
The dual modulus prescaler (P/P + 1), along with the INT,  
FRAC, and MOD counters, determines the overall division  
ratio from the VCO output to the PFD input.  
The noise modes on the ADF4150 are controlled by DB30 and  
DB29 in Register 2 (see Figure 22). The noise modes allow the  
user to optimize a design either for improved spurious perfor-  
mance or for improved phase noise performance.  
Operating at CML levels, it takes the clock from the VCO  
output and divides it down for the counters. It is based on a  
synchronous 4/5 core. When set to 4/5, the maximum RF  
frequency allowed is 3 GHz. Therefore, when operating the  
ADF4150 above 3 GHz, this must be set to 8/9. The prescaler  
limits the INT value, where:  
When the lowest spur setting is chosen, dither is enabled. This  
randomizes the fractional quantization noise so it resembles  
white noise rather than spurious noise. As a result, the part is  
optimized for improved spurious performance. This operation  
would normally be used when the PLL closed-loop bandwidth  
is wide, for fast-locking applications. (Wide loop bandwidth is  
seen as a loop bandwidth greater than 1/10 of the RFOUT channel  
step resolution (fRES)). A wide loop filter does not attenuate the  
spurs to the same level as a narrow loop bandwidth.  
P = 4/5, NMIN = 23  
P = 8/9, NMIN = 75  
In the ADF4150, P1 in Register 1 sets the prescaler values.  
For best noise performance, use the lowest noise setting option.  
As well as disabling the dither, it also ensures that the charge  
pump is operating in an optimum region for noise performance.  
This setting is extremely useful where a narrow loop filter band-  
width is available. The synthesizer ensures extremely low noise  
and the filter attenuates the spurs. The typical performance  
characteristics give the user an idea of the trade-off in a typical  
W-CDMA setup for the different noise and spur settings.  
Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 28  
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
MUXOUT  
Lock Detect Precision (LDP)  
The on-chip multiplexer is controlled by Bits[DB28:DB26] (see  
Figure 22).  
When DB7 is set to 0, the fractional-N digital lock detect is  
activated. In this case after setting DB7 to 0, 40 consecutive PFD  
cycles of 10 ns must occur before digital lock detect is set. When  
DB7 is programmed to 1, 40 consecutive reference cycles of 6 ns  
must occur before digital lock detect goes high. Setting DB8 to 1  
causes the activation of the integer-N digital lock detect. In this  
case, after setting DB7 to 0, 5 consecutive cycles of 10 ns must  
occur before digital lock detect is set. When DB7 is set to 1, five  
consecutive cycles of 6 ns must occur.  
Reference Doubler  
Setting DB25 to 0 feeds the REFIN signal directly to the 10-bit  
R counter, disabling the doubler. Setting this bit to 1 multiplies  
the REFIN frequency by a factor of 2 before feeding into the  
10-bit R counter. When the doubler is disabled, the REFIN  
falling edge is the active edge at the PFD input to the fractional  
synthesizer. When the doubler is enabled, both the rising and  
falling edges of REFIN become active edges at the PFD input.  
Phase Detector Polarity  
DB6 sets the phase detector polarity. When a passive loop filter,  
or noninverting active loop filter is used, set this bit to 1. If an  
active filter with an inverting characteristic is used, this bit  
should be set to 0.  
When the doubler is enabled and the lowest spur mode is  
chosen, the in-band phase noise performance is sensitive to the  
REFIN duty cycle. The phase noise degradation can be as much  
as 5 dB for the REFIN duty cycles outside a 45% to 55% range.  
The phase noise is insensitive to the REFIN duty cycle in the  
lowest noise mode. The phase noise is insensitive to the REFIN  
duty cycle when the doubler is disabled.  
Power-Down (PD)  
DB5 provides the programmable power-down mode. Setting this  
bit to 1 performs a power-down. Setting this bit to 0 returns the  
synthesizer to normal operation. When in software power-down  
mode, the part retains all information in its registers. Only if the  
supply voltages are removed are the register contents lost.  
The maximum allowable REFIN frequency when the doubler is  
enabled is 30 MHz.  
RDIV2  
Setting the DB24 bit to 1 inserts a divide-by-2 toggle flip-flop  
between the R counter and PFD, which extends the maximum  
REFIN input rate. This function allows a 50% duty cycle signal  
to appear at the PFD input, which is necessary for cycle slip  
reduction.  
When a power-down is activated, the following events occur:  
The synthesizer counters are forced to their load state  
conditions.  
The charge pump is forced into three-state mode.  
The digital lock detect circuitry is reset.  
The RFOUT buffers are disabled.  
The input register remains active and capable of loading  
and latching data.  
10-Bit R Counter  
The 10-bit R counter allows the input reference frequency  
(REFIN) to be divided down to produce the reference clock to  
the PFD. Division ratios from 1 to 1023 are allowed.  
Charge Pump (CP) Three-State  
Double Buffer  
DB4 puts the charge pump into three-state mode when  
programmed to 1. It should be set to 0 for normal operation.  
DB13 enables or disables double buffering of Bits[DB22:DB20]  
in Register 4. The Divider Select section explains how double  
buffering works.  
Counter Reset  
DB3 is the R counter and N counter reset bit for the ADF4150.  
When this bit is 1, the RF synthesizer N counter and R counter  
are held in reset. For normal operation, this bit should be set to 0.  
Current Setting  
Bits[DB12:DB9] set the charge pump current setting. This  
should be set to the charge pump current that the loop filter  
is designed with (see Figure 22).  
LDF  
Setting DB8 to 1 enables integer-N digital lock detect, when  
the FRAC part of the divider is zero; setting DB8 to 0 enables  
fractional-N digital lock detect.  
Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 28  
ADF4150  
REGISTER 3  
REGISTER 4  
Control Bits  
Control Bits  
With Bits[C3:C1] set to 0, 1, 1, Register 3 is programmed.  
Figure 23 shows the input data format for programming  
this register.  
With Bits[C3: C1] set to 1, 0, 0, Register 4 is programmed.  
Figure 24 shows the input data format for programming this  
register.  
Antibacklash Pulse Width  
Feedback Select  
Setting DB22 to 0 sets the PFD antibacklash pulse width to 6 ns.  
This is the recommended mode for fractional-N use. By setting  
this bit to 1, the 3 ns pulse width is used and results in a phase  
noise and spur improvement in integer-N operation. For  
fractional-N mode it is not recommended to use this smaller  
setting.  
DB23 selects the feedback from VCO output to the N-counter.  
When this bit is set to 1, the signal is taken from the VCO directly.  
When this bit is set to 0, it is taken from the output of the output  
dividers. The dividers enable covering of the wide frequency band  
(137.5 MHz to 4.4 GHz). When the divider is enabled and the  
feedback signal is taken from the output, the RF output signals  
of two separately configured PLLs are in phase. This is useful in  
some applications where the positive interference of signals is  
required to increase the power.  
Charge Cancellation Mode Pulse Width  
Setting DB21 to 1 enables charge pump charge cancellation.  
This has the effect of reducing PFD spurs in integer-N mode.  
In fractional-N mode, this bit should not be used and the  
relevant result in a phase noise and spur improvement. For  
fractional-N mode, it is not recommended to use this smaller  
setting.  
Divider Select  
Bits[DB22:DB20] select the value of the output divider (see  
Figure 24).  
Mute-Till-Lock Detect  
Cycle Slip Reduction (CSR) Enable  
If DB10 is set to 1, the supply current to the RF output stage is shut  
down until the part achieves lock as measured by the digital lock  
detect circuitry.  
Setting DB18 to 1 enables cycle slip reduction. This is a method  
for improving lock times. Note that the signal at the phase fre-  
quency detector (PFD) must have a 50% duty cycle for cycle slip  
reduction to work. The charge pump current setting must also  
be set to a minimum. See the Cycle Slip Reduction for Faster  
Lock Times section for more information.  
RF Output Enable  
DB5 enables or disables primary RF output, depending on the  
chosen value.  
Output Power  
Clock Divider Mode  
DB4 and DB3 set the value of the primary RF output power  
level (see Figure 24).  
Bits[DB16:DB15] must be set to 1, 0 to activate PHASE resync  
or 0, 1 to activate fast lock. Setting Bits[DB16:DB15] to 0, 0  
disables the clock divider. See Figure 23.  
REGISTER 5  
Control Bits  
12-Bit Clock Divider Value  
With Bits[C3:C1] set to 1, 0, 1, Register 5 is programmed.  
Figure 25 shows the input data form for programming this  
register.  
The 12-bit clock divider value sets the timeout counter for  
activation of PHASE resync. See the Phase Resync section for  
more information. It also sets the timeout counter for fast lock.  
See the Fast Lock Timer and Register Sequences section for  
more information.  
Lock Detect PIN Operation  
Bits[DB23:DB22] set the operation of the lock detect pin (see  
Figure 25).  
INITIALIZATION SEQUENCE  
The following sequence of registers is the correct sequence for  
initial power up of the ADF4150 after the correct application  
of voltages to the supply pins:  
Register 5  
Register 4  
Register 3  
Register 2  
Register 1  
Register 0  
Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 28  
 
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
RF SYNTHESIZER—A WORKED EXAMPLE  
MODULUS  
The following is an example how to program the ADF4150  
synthesizer:  
The choice of modulus (MOD) depends on the reference signal  
(REFIN) available and the channel resolution (fRES) required at  
the RF output. For example, a GSM system with 13 MHz REFIN  
RFOUT = [INT + (FRAC/MOD)] × [fPFD]/RF Divider  
(3)  
sets the modulus to 65. This means the RF output resolution (fRES  
)
where:  
is the 200 kHz (13 MHz/65) necessary for GSM. With dither off,  
the fractional spur interval depends on the modulus values chosen  
(see Table 6).  
RFOUT is the RF frequency output.  
INT is the integer division factor.  
FRAC is the fractionality.  
MOD is the modulus.  
REFERENCE DOUBLER AND REFERENCE DIVIDER  
The reference doubler on-chip allows the input reference signal  
to be doubled. This is useful for increasing the PFD comparison  
frequency. Making the PFD frequency higher improves the  
noise performance of the system. Doubling the PFD frequency  
usually improves noise performance by 3 dB. It is important  
to note that the PFD cannot operate above 32 MHz due to a  
limitation in the speed of the Σ-Δ circuit of the N-divider.  
RF Divider is the output divider that divides down the VCO  
frequency.  
fPFD = REFIN × [(1 + D)/(R × (1 + T))]  
(4)  
where:  
REFIN is the reference frequency input.  
D is the RF REFIN doubler bit.  
T is the reference divide-by-2 bit (0 or 1).  
R is the RF reference division factor.  
The reference divide-by-2 divides the reference signal by 2,  
resulting in a 50% duty cycle PFD frequency. This is necessary  
for the correct operation of the cycle slip reduction (CSR)  
function. See the Cycle Slip Reduction for Faster Lock Times  
section for more information.  
For example, in a UMTS system, where 2112.6 MHz RF  
frequency output (RFOUT) is required, a 10 MHz reference  
frequency input (REFIN) is available, and a 200 kHz channel  
resolution (fRESOUT) is required, on the RF output. A 2.1 GHz  
VCO would be suitable, but a 4.2 GHz VCO would also be  
suitable. In the second case, the RF divider of 2 should be used  
(VCO frequency = 4225.2 MHz, RFOUT = VCO frequency/RF  
divider = 4225.2 MHz/2 = 2112.6 MHz).  
12-BIT PROGRAMMABLE MODULUS  
Unlike most other fractional-N PLLs, the ADF4150 allows the  
user to program the modulus over a 12-bit range. This means  
the user can set up the part in many different configurations for  
the application, when combined with the reference doubler and  
the 10-bit R counter.  
It is also important where the loop is closed. In this example, the  
loop is closed as depicted in Figure 26 (from the out divider).  
For example, consider an application that requires 1.75 GHz RF  
and 200 kHz channel step resolution. The system has a 13 MHz  
reference signal.  
fPFD  
RF  
OUT  
PFD  
VCO  
÷2  
One possible setup is feeding the 13 MHz directly to the PFD  
and programming the modulus to divide by 65. This results in  
the required 200 kHz resolution.  
N
DIVIDER  
Figure 26. Loop Closed Before Output Divider  
Another possible setup is using the reference doubler to create  
26 MHz from the 13 MHz input signal. The 26 MHz is then fed  
into the PFD programming the modulus to divide by 130. This  
also results in 200 kHz resolution and offers superior phase  
noise performance over the previous setup.  
A channel resolution (fRESOUT) of 200 kHz is required at the  
output of the RF divider. Therefore, channel resolution at  
the output of the VCO (fRES) is to be twice the fRESOUT, that  
is, 400 kHz.  
MOD = REFIN/fRES  
The programmable modulus is also very useful for multi-  
standard applications. If a dual-mode phone requires PDC  
and GSM 1800 standards, the programmable modulus is a  
great benefit. PDC requires 25 kHz channel step resolution,  
whereas GSM 1800 requires 200 kHz channel step resolution.  
MOD = 10 MHz/400 kHz = 25  
From Equation 4  
f
PFD = [10 MHz × (1 + 0)/1] = 10 MHz  
2112.6 MHz = 10 MHz × (INT + FRAC/25)/2  
where:  
(5)  
(6)  
INT = 422  
FRAC = 13  
Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 28  
 
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
A 13 MHz reference signal can be fed directly to the PFD, and  
the modulus can be programmed to 520 when in PDC mode  
(13 MHz/520 = 25 kHz).  
If the phase error increases again to a point where another cycle  
slip is likely, the ADF4150 turns on another charge pump cell.  
This continues until the ADF4150 detects the VCO frequency  
has gone past the desired frequency. The extra charge pump  
cells are turned off one by one until all the extra charge pump  
cells have been disabled and the frequency is settled with the  
original loop filter bandwidth.  
The modulus needs to be reprogrammed to 65 for GSM 1800  
operation (13 MHz/65 = 200 kHz).  
It is important that the PFD frequency remain constant (13 MHz).  
This allows the user to design one loop filter for both setups  
without running into stability issues. It is important to remem-  
ber that the ratio of the RF frequency to the PFD frequency  
principally affects the loop filter design, not the actual channel  
spacing.  
Up to seven extra charge pump cells can be turned on. In most  
applications, it is enough to eliminate cycle slips altogether,  
giving much faster lock times.  
Setting Bit DB18 in Register 3 to 1 enables cycle slip reduction.  
Note that the PFD requires a 45% to 55% duty  
cycle for CSR to operate correctly.  
CYCLE SLIP REDUCTION FOR FASTER LOCK TIMES  
As outlined in the Low Noise and Spur Mode section, the  
ADF4150 contains a number of features that allow optimization  
for noise performance. However, in fast locking applications,  
the loop bandwidth generally needs to be wide, and therefore,  
the filter does not provide much attenuation of the spurs. If  
the cycle slip reduction feature is enabled, the narrow loop  
bandwidth is maintained for spur attenuation but faster lock  
times are still possible.  
SPURIOUS OPTIMIZATION AND FAST LOCK  
Narrow loop bandwidths can filter unwanted spurious signals,  
but these usually have a long lock time. A wider loop bandwidth  
achieves faster lock times, but a wider loop bandwidth may lead  
to increased spurious signals inside the loop bandwidth.  
The fast lock feature can achieve the same fast lock time as the  
wider bandwidth, but with the advantage of a narrow final loop  
bandwidth to keep spurs low.  
Cycle Slips  
Cycle slips occur in integer-N/fractional-N synthesizers when  
the loop bandwidth is narrow compared to the PFD frequency.  
The phase error at the PFD inputs accumulates too fast for the  
PLL to correct, and the charge pump temporarily pumps in the  
wrong direction. This slows down the lock time dramatically.  
The ADF4150 contains a cycle slip reduction feature that  
extends the linear range of the PFD, allowing faster lock  
times without modifications to the loop filter circuitry.  
FAST LOCK TIMER AND REGISTER SEQUENCES  
If the fast lock mode is used, a timer value is to be loaded into  
the PLL to determine the duration of the wide bandwidth mode.  
When Bits[DB16:DB15] in Register 3 are set to 0, 1 (fast  
lock enable), the timer value is loaded by the 12-bit clock  
divider value. The following sequence must be programmed  
to use fast lock:  
1. Initialization sequence (see the Initialization Sequence  
section); occurs only once after powering up the part.  
2. Load Register 3 by setting Bits[DB16:DB15] to 0, 1 and  
the chosen fast lock timer value [DB14:DB3]. Note that  
the duration the PLL remains in wide bandwidth is equal  
When the circuitry detects that a cycle slip is about to occur,  
it turns on an extra charge pump current cell. This outputs a  
constant current to the loop filter, or removes a constant  
current from the loop filter (depending on whether the VCO  
tuning voltage needs to increase or decrease to acquire the  
new frequency). The effect is that the linear range of the PFD  
is increased. Loop stability is maintained because the current  
is constant and is not a pulsed current.  
to the fast lock timer/fPFD  
.
Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 28  
 
 
 
ADF4150  
FAST LOCK—AN EXAMPLE  
SPUR MECHANISMS  
If a PLL has a reference frequency of 13 MHz, fPFD of 13 MHz  
and a required lock time of 50 µs, the PLL is set to wide bandwidth  
for 40 µs. This example assumes a modulus of 65 for channel  
spacing of 200 kHz.  
This section describes the three different spur mechanisms that  
arise with a fractional-N synthesizer and how to minimize them  
in the ADF4150.  
Fractional Spurs  
If the time period set for the wide bandwidth is 40 µs, then  
Fast Lock Timer Value = Time In Wide Bandwidth × fPFD/MOD  
Fast Lock Timer Value = 40 µs × 13 MHz/65 = 8  
The fractional interpolator in the ADF4150 is a third-order Σ-Δ  
modulator (SDM) with a modulus (MOD) that is programmable  
to any integer value from 2 to 4095. In low spur mode (dither  
enabled), the minimum allowable value of MOD is 50. The  
SDM is clocked at the PFD reference rate (fPFD) that allows PLL  
output frequencies to be synthesized at a channel step resolution  
of fPFD/MOD.  
Therefore, 8 must be loaded into the clock divider value in  
Register 3 in Step 1 of the sequence described in the Fast Lock  
Timer and Register Sequences section.  
FAST LOCK—LOOP FILTER TOPOLOGY  
In low noise mode (dither off), the quantization noise from the  
Σ-Δ modulator appears as fractional spurs. The interval between  
spurs is fPFD/L, where L is the repeat length of the code sequence  
in the digital Σ-Δ modulator. For the third-order modulator  
used in the ADF4150, the repeat length depends on the value  
of MOD, as listed in Table 6.  
To use fast lock mode, the damping resistor in the loop filter  
is reduced to ¼ of its value while in wide bandwidth mode. To  
achieve the wider loop filter bandwidth, the charge pump  
current increases by a factor of 16. To maintain loop stability,  
the damping resistor must be reduced a factor of ¼. To enable  
fast lock, the SW pin is shorted to the GND pin by settings  
Bits[DB16:DB15] in Register 3 to 0, 1. The following two  
topologies are available:  
Table 6. Fractional Spurs with Dither Off  
Repeat  
Length  
Condition (Dither Off)  
Spur Interval  
Channel step/2  
Channel step/3  
Channel step/6  
Channel step  
The damping resistor (R1) is divided into two values (R1  
and R1A) that have a ratio of 1:3 (see Figure 27).  
An extra resistor (R1A) is connected directly from SW,  
as shown in Figure 28. The extra resistor is calculated  
such that the parallel combination of an extra resistor  
and the damping resistor (R1) is reduced to ¼ of the  
original value of R1 (see Figure 28).  
If MOD is divisible by 2 but not 3 2 × MOD  
If MOD is divisible by 3 but not 2 3 × MOD  
If MOD is divisible by 6  
Otherwise  
6 × MOD  
MOD  
In low spur mode (dither on), the repeat length is extended to  
221 cycles, regardless of the value of MOD, which makes the  
quantization error spectrum look like broadband noise. This  
may degrade the in-band phase noise at the PLL output by as  
much as 10 dB. For lowest noise, dither off is a better choice,  
particularly when the final loop bandwidth is low enough to  
attenuate even the lowest frequency fractional spur.  
ADF4150  
R2  
CP  
VCO  
C1  
C2  
R1  
C3  
SW  
Integer Boundary Spurs  
R1A  
Another mechanism for fractional spur creation is the inte-  
ractions between the RF VCO frequency and the reference  
frequency. When these frequencies are not integer related (the  
point of a fractional-N synthesizer) spur sidebands appear on  
the VCO output spectrum at an offset frequency that corres-  
ponds to the beat note or difference frequency between an  
integer multiple of the reference and the VCO frequency. These  
spurs are attenuated by the loop filter and are more noticeable  
on channels close to integer multiples of the reference where  
the difference frequency can be inside the loop bandwidth,  
therefore the name integer boundary spurs.  
Figure 27. Fast Lock Loop Filter Topology—Topology 1  
ADF4150  
R2  
CP  
VCO  
C1  
C2  
R1  
C3  
R1A  
SW  
Figure 28. Fast Lock Loop Filter Topology—Topology 2  
Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 28  
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
Reference Spurs  
Phase resync is enabled by setting Bit DB16, Bit DB15 in  
Register 3 to 1, 0. When PHASE resync is enabled, an internal  
timer generates sync signals at intervals of tSYNC given by the  
following formula:  
Reference spurs are generally not a problem in fractional-N  
synthesizers because the reference offset is far outside the loop  
bandwidth. However, any reference feedthrough mechanism  
that bypasses the loop can cause a problem. Feedthrough of low  
levels of on-chip reference switching noise, through the RFIN  
pin back to the VCO, can result in reference spur levels as high  
as −90 dBc. PCB layout needs to ensure adequate isolation  
between VCO traces and the input reference to avoid a possible  
feedthrough path on the board.  
t
SYNC = CLK_DIV_VALUE × MOD × tPFD  
where:  
PFD is the PFD reference period.  
t
CLK_DIV_VALUE is the decimal value programmed in  
Bits[DB14:DB3] of Register 3 and can be any integer in the  
range of 1 to 4095.  
MOD is the modulus value programmed in Bits[DB14:DB3] of  
Register 1 (R1).  
SPUR CONSISTENCY AND FRACTIONAL SPUR  
OPTIMIZATION  
With dither off, the fractional spur pattern due to the quanti-  
zation noise of the SDM also depends on the particular phase  
word with which the modulator is seeded.  
When a new frequency is programmed, the second sync pulse  
after the LE rising edge is used to resynchronize the output  
phase to the reference. The tSYNC time is to be programmed to  
a value that is at least as long as the worst-case lock time. This  
guarantees that the PHASE resync occurs after the last cycle slip  
in the PLL settling transient.  
The phase word can be varied to optimize the fractional and  
subfractional spur levels on any particular frequency. Thus, a  
look-up table of phase values corresponding to each frequency  
can be constructed for use when programming the ADF4150.  
In the example shown in Figure 29, the PFD reference is 25 MHz  
and MOD is 125 for a 200 kHz channel spacing. tSYNC is set to  
400 µs by programming CLK_DIV_VALUE to 80.  
If a look-up table is not used, keep the phase word at a constant  
value to ensure consistent spur levels on any particular frequency.  
PHASE RESYNC  
LE  
tSYNC  
The output of a fractional-N PLL can settle to any one of the  
MOD phase offsets with respect to the input reference, where  
MOD is the fractional modulus. The phase resync feature in the  
ADF4150 produces a consistent output phase offset with respect  
to the input reference. This is necessary in applications where the  
output phase and frequency are important, such as digital beam  
forming. See the Phase Programmability section for how to  
program a specific RF output phase when using phase resync.  
SYNC  
(INTERNAL)  
LAST CYCLE SLIP  
FREQUENCY  
PLL SETTLES TO  
INCORRECT PHASE  
PLL SETTLES TO  
CORRECT PHASE  
AFTER RESYNC  
PHASE  
–100  
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000  
TIME (µs)  
Figure 29. Phase Resync Example  
Phase Programmability  
The phase word in Register 1 controls the RF output phase. As  
this word is swept from 0 to MOD, the RF output phase sweeps  
over a 360° range in steps of 360°/MOD.  
Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 28  
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION  
The LO ports of the ADL5375 can be driven differentially from  
the RFOUT+ and RFOUT− outputs of the ADF4150. This gives  
better performance than a single-ended LO driver and  
eliminates the use of a balun to convert from a single-ended LO  
input to the more desirable differential LO inputs for the  
ADL5375. The typical rms phase noise (100 Hz to 5 MHz) of  
the LO in this configuration is 0.61°rms.  
DIRECT CONVERSION MODULATOR  
Direct conversion architectures are increasingly being used to  
implement base station transmitters. Figure 30 shows how Analog  
Devices, Inc., parts can be used to implement such a system.  
The circuit block diagram shows the AD9788 TxDAC® being  
used with the ADL5375. The use of dual integrated DACs, such  
as the AD9788 with its specified 0.02 dB and 0.004 dB gain  
and offset matching characteristics, ensures minimum error  
contribution (over temperature) from this portion of the  
signal chain.  
The ADL5375 accepts LO drive levels from −10 dBm to 0 dBm.  
The optimum LO power can be software programmed on the  
ADF4150, which allows levels from −4 dBm to +5 dBm from  
each output.  
The local oscillator (LO) is implemented using the ADF4150.  
The low-pass filter was designed using ADIsimPLL™ for a channel  
spacing of 200 kHz and a closed-loop bandwidth of 35 kHz.  
The RF output is designed to drive a 50 Ω load but must be  
ac-coupled, as shown in Figure 30. If the I and Q inputs are  
driven in quadrature by 2 V p-p signals, the resulting output  
power from the modulator is approximately 2 dBm.  
51  
51Ω  
REFIO  
IOUTA  
IOUTB  
LOW-PASS  
FILTER  
MODULATED  
DIGITAL  
DATA  
AD9788  
TxDAC  
QOUTA  
QOUTB  
LOW-PASS  
FILTER  
FSADJ  
51Ω  
51Ω  
2kΩ  
ADL5375  
IBBP  
LOCK  
DETECT  
V
DD  
V
VCO  
IBBN  
21  
MUXOUT  
4
20  
9
18  
DV  
16  
AV  
17  
6
22  
3.9nH  
3.9nH  
AV  
CE PDB  
SDV  
LD  
VP  
DD  
DD  
DD  
RF  
DD  
1nF  
1nF 1nF  
LOIP  
LOIN  
RF  
+
15  
14  
OUT  
QUADRATURE  
PHASE  
SPLITTER  
FREF  
REF  
19  
51Ω  
IN  
IN  
RFOUT  
DSOP  
RF  
OUT  
CLK  
1
2
3
1nF  
V
VCO  
DATA  
LE  
V
VCO  
QBBP  
QBBN  
100pF  
100pF  
CC  
VCO  
10  
11  
RF  
+
OUT  
IN  
ADF4150  
V
TUNE  
24  
R
RF  
SET  
IN  
4.7kΩ  
680Ω  
CP  
7
5
39nF  
2700pF  
1200pF  
SW  
360Ω  
CP  
A
A
SD  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
13  
8
12  
23  
Figure 30. Direct Conversion Modulator  
Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 28  
 
 
 
ADF4150  
ADSP-21xx Interface  
INTERFACING  
Figure 32 shows the interface between the ADF4150 and a  
ADSP-21xx digital signal processor. The ADF4150 needs a  
32-bit serial word for each latch write. The easiest way to  
accomplish this using the ADSP-21xx family is to use the  
autobuffered transmit mode of operation with alternate  
framing. This provides a means for transmitting an entire  
block of serial data before an interrupt is generated.  
The ADF4150 has a simple SPI-compatible serial interface  
for writing to the device. CLK, DATA, and LE control the data  
transfer. When LE goes high, the 32 bits that have been clocked  
into the appropriate register on each rising edge of CLK are  
transferred to the appropriate latch. See Figure 2 for the timing  
diagram and Table 5 for the register address table.  
ADuC812 Interface  
Figure 31 shows the interface between the ADF4150 and the  
ADuC812 MicroConverter®. Because the ADuC812 is based  
on an 8051 core, this interface can be used with any 8051-based  
microcontroller. The MicroConverter is set up for SPI master  
mode with CPHA = 0. To initiate the operation, the I/O port  
driving LE is brought low. Each latch of the ADF4150 needs a  
32-bit word, which is accomplished by writing four 8-bit bytes  
from the MicroConverter to the device. When the fourth byte  
has been written, the LE input should be brought high to  
complete the transfer.  
SCLK  
CLK  
MOSI  
TFS  
SDATA  
LE  
ADF4150  
ADSP-21xx  
I/O PORTS  
CE  
MUXOUT  
(LOCK DETECT)  
Figure 32. ADSP-21xx to ADF4150 Interface  
Set up the word length for 8 bits and use four memory locations  
for each 32-bit word. To program each 32-bit latch, store the 8-bit  
bytes, enable the autobuffered mode, and write to the transmit  
register of the DSP. This last operation initiates the autobuffer  
transfer.  
SCLOCK  
MOSI  
CLK  
SDATA  
ADuC812  
I/O PORTS  
LE  
ADF4150  
CE  
PCB DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CHIP SCALE  
PACKAGE  
MUXOUT  
(LOCK DETECT)  
The lands on the chip scale package (CP-24-7) are rectangular.  
The PCB pad for these is to be 0.1 mm longer than the package  
land length and 0.05 mm wider than the package land width.  
The land is to be centered on the pad. This ensures the solder  
joint size is maximized. The bottom of the chip scale package  
has a central thermal pad.  
Figure 31. ADuC812 to ADF4150 Interface  
I/O port lines on the ADuC812 are also used to control power-  
down (CE input) and detect lock (MUXOUT configured as  
lock detect and polled by the port input). When operating in  
the described mode, the maximum SCLOCK rate of the  
ADuC812 is 4 MHz. This means that the maximum rate at  
which the output frequency can be changed is 125 kHz.  
The thermal pad on the PCB is to be at least as large as the  
exposed pad. On the PCB, there is to be a minimum clearance  
of 0.25 mm between the thermal pad and the inner edges of the  
pad pattern. This ensures that shorting is avoided.  
Thermal vias can be used on the PCB thermal pad to improve  
the thermal performance of the package. If vias are used, they  
are to be incorporated in the thermal pad at 1.2 mm pitch grid.  
The via diameter is to be between 0.3 mm and 0.33 mm, and the  
via barrel is to be plated with one ounce copper to plug the via.  
Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 28  
 
 
 
 
ADF4150  
Experiments indicate that the circuit shown in Figure 34  
OUTPUT MATCHING  
provides an excellent match to 50 Ω for the W-CDMA UMTS  
Band 1 (2110 MHz to 2170 MHz). The maximum output power  
in that case is about 7 dBm. Both single-ended architectures can  
be examined using the EVAL-ADF4150EB1Z evaluation board.  
There are a number of ways to match the output of the ADF4150  
for optimum operation; the most basic is to use a 50 Ω resistor to  
AVDD. A dc bypass capacitor of 100 pF is connected in series as  
shown in Figure 33. Because the resistor is not frequency  
dependent, this provides a good broadband match. The output  
power in this circuit into a 50 Ω load typically gives values  
chosen by Bits[DB4:DB3] in Register 4 (R4).  
AV  
DD  
3.9nH  
1nF  
RF  
OUT  
AV  
DD  
50Ω  
50  
100pF  
Figure 34. Optimum ADF4150 Output Stage  
RF  
OUT  
If differential outputs are not needed, the unused output can be  
terminated or combined with both outputs using a balun.  
50Ω  
Figure 33. Simple ADF4150 Output Stage  
A better solution is to use a shunt inductor (acting as an RF  
choke) to AVDD. This gives a better match and, therefore, more  
output power.  
Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 28  
 
 
 
ADF4150  
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS  
4.10  
4.00 SQ  
3.90  
0.30  
0.25  
0.18  
PIN 1  
INDICATOR  
PIN 1  
INDICATOR  
19  
18  
24  
0.50  
BSC  
1
2.65  
2.50 SQ  
2.45  
EXPOSED  
PAD  
13  
12  
BOTTOM VIEW  
6
7
0.50  
0.40  
0.30  
0.25 MIN  
TOP VIEW  
FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF  
THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO  
THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND  
FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS  
0.80  
0.75  
0.70  
0.05 MAX  
0.02 NOM  
SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.  
COPLANARITY  
0.08  
SEATING  
PLANE  
0.20 REF  
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-WGGD.  
Figure 35. 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ]  
4 mm ×4 mm Body, Very Very Thin Quad  
(CP-24-7)  
Dimensions shown in millimeters  
ORDERING GUIDE  
Model1  
Temperature Range  
−40°C to +85°C  
−40°C to +85°C  
Package Description  
Package Option  
CP-24-7  
CP-24-7  
ADF4150BCPZ  
ADF4150BCPZ-RL7  
EVAL-ADF4150EB1Z  
24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ]  
24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ]  
Evaluation Board  
1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.  
©2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and  
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.  
D08226-0-7/11(0)  
Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 28  
 
 
 

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