EP1C3F400C6ES [ALTERA]
Cyclone FPGA Family; 气旋FPGA系列型号: | EP1C3F400C6ES |
厂家: | ALTERA CORPORATION |
描述: | Cyclone FPGA Family |
文件: | 总94页 (文件大小:1067K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Cyclone
FPGA Family
®
March 2003, ver. 1.1
Data Sheet
The CycloneTM field programmable gate array family is based on a 1.5-V,
0.13-µm, all-layer copper SRAM process, with densities up to 20,060 logic
elements (LEs) and up to 288 Kbits of RAM. With features like phase-
locked loops (PLLs) for clocking and a dedicated double data rate (DDR)
interface to meet DDR SDRAM and fast cycle RAM (FCRAM) memory
requirements, Cyclone devices are a cost-effective solution for data-path
applications. Cyclone devices support various I/O standards, including
LVDS at data rates up to 311 megabits per second (Mbps) and 66-MHz,
32-bit peripheral component interconnect (PCI), for interfacing with and
supporting ASSP and ASIC devices. Altera also offers new low-cost serial
configuration devices to configure Cyclone devices.
Introduction
Preliminary
Information
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
2,910 to 20,060 LEs, see Table 1
Up to 294,912 RAM bits (36,864 bytes)
Supports configuration through low-cost serial configuration device
Support for LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL-2, and SSTL-3 I/O standards
Support for 66-MHz, 32-bit PCI standard
Low speed (311 Mbps) LVDS I/O support
Up to two PLLs per device provide clock multiplication and phase
shifting
Features...
■
■
■
Up to eight global clock lines with six clock resources available per
logic array block (LAB) row
Support for external memory, including DDR SDRAM (133 MHz),
FCRAM, and single data rate (SDR) SDRAM
Support for multiple intellectual property (IP) cores, including
Altera MegaCore functions and Altera Megafunctions Partners
Program (AMPPSM) megafunctions
Table 1. Cyclone Device Features
Feature
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
LEs
2,910
13
4,000
17
5,980
20
12,060
52
20,060
64
M4K RAM blocks (128 × 36 bits)
Total RAM bits
59,904
1
78,336
2
92,160
2
239,616
2
294,912
2
PLLs
Maximum user I/O pins (1)
104
301
185
249
301
Note to Table 1:
(1) This parameter includes global clock pins.
Altera Corporation
1
DS-CYCLONE-1.1
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Cyclone devices are available in quad flat pack (QFP) and space-saving
FineLine BGA packages (see Tables 2 through 3).
Table 2. Cyclone Package Options & I/O Pin Counts
Device
100-Pin
TQFP (1)
144-Pin
TQFP (1), (2)
240-Pin
PQFP (1)
256-Pin
FineLine
BGA
324-Pin
FineLine
BGA
400-Pin
FineLine
BGA
EP1C3
65
104
98
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
249
301
301
185
173
185
185
249
233
Notes to Table 2:
(1) TQFP: thin quad flat pack.
PQFP: plastic quad flat pack.
(2) Cyclone devices support vertical migration within the same package (i.e., designers can migrate between the EP1C3
device in the 144-pin TQFP package and the EP1C6 device in the same package).
Table 3. Cyclone QFP & FineLine BGA Package Sizes
Dimension
100-Pin
TQFP
144-Pin
TQFP
240-Pin
PQFP
256-Pin
FineLine
BGA
324-Pin
FineLine
BGA
400-Pin
FineLine
BGA
Pitch (mm)
Area (mm2)
0.5
256
0.5
484
0.5
1.0
289
1.0
361
1.0
441
1,024
Length × width
(mm × mm)
16 × 16
22 × 22
34.6 × 34.6
17 × 17
19 × 19
21 × 21
2
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Introduction........................................................................................................1
Features ...............................................................................................................1
Table of Contents ...............................................................................................3
Functional Description......................................................................................4
Logic Array Blocks.............................................................................................6
Logic Elements ...................................................................................................9
MultiTrack Interconnect .................................................................................17
Embedded Memory.........................................................................................23
Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops...........................................34
I/O Structure....................................................................................................44
Power Sequencing & Hot Socketing .............................................................60
IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support.......................................60
SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer ......................................................65
Configuration ...................................................................................................65
Operating Conditions......................................................................................67
Power Consumption........................................................................................73
Timing Model...................................................................................................73
Software.............................................................................................................93
Device Pin-Outs ...............................................................................................93
Ordering Information......................................................................................93
Table of
Contents
Altera Corporation
3
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Cyclone devices contain a two-dimensional row- and column-based
architecture to implement custom logic. Column and row interconnects of
varying speeds provide signal interconnects between LABs and
embedded memory blocks.
Functional
Description
The logic array consists of LABs, with 10 LEs in each LAB. An LE is a small
unit of logic providing efficient implementation of user logic functions.
LABs are grouped into rows and columns across the device. Cyclone
devices range between 2,910 to 20,060 LEs.
M4K RAM blocks are true dual-port memory blocks with 4K bits of
memory plus parity (4,608 bits). These blocks provide dedicated true
dual-port, simple dual-port, or single-port memory up to 36-bits wide at
up to 200 MHz. These blocks are grouped into columns across the device
in between certain LABs. Cyclone devices offer between 60 to 288 Kbits of
embedded RAM.
Each Cyclone device I/O pin is fed by an I/O element (IOE) located at the
ends of LAB rows and columns around the periphery of the device. I/O
pins support various single-ended and differential I/O standards, such as
the 66-MHz, 32-bit PCI standard and the LVDS I/O standard at up to
311 Mbps. Each IOE contains a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers
for registering input, output, and output-enable signals. Dual-purpose
DQS, DQ, and DM pins along with delay chains (used to phase-align DDR
signals) provide interface support with external memory devices such as
DDR SDRAM, and FCRAM devices at up to 133 MHz (266 Mbps).
Cyclone devices provide a global clock network and up to two PLLs. The
global clock network consists of eight global clock lines that drive
throughout the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks
for all resources within the device, such as IOEs, LEs, and memory blocks.
The global clock lines can also be used for control signals. Cyclone PLLs
provide general-purpose clocking with clock multiplication and phase
shifting as well as external outputs for high-speed differential I/O
support.
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the Cyclone EP1C12 device.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 1. Cyclone EP1C12 Device Block Diagram
IOEs
Logic Array
PLL
EP1C12 Device
M4K Blocks
The number of M4K RAM blocks, PLLs, rows, and columns vary per
device. Table 4 lists the resources available in each Cyclone device.
Table 4. Cyclone Device Resources
Device
M4K RAM
PLLs
LAB Columns LAB Rows
Columns
Blocks
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
1
1
1
2
2
13
17
20
52
64
1
2
2
2
2
24
26
32
48
64
13
17
20
26
32
Altera Corporation
5
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Each LAB consists of 10 LEs, LE carry chains, LAB control signals, a local
interconnect, look-up table (LUT) chain, and register chain connection
lines. The local interconnect transfers signals between LEs in the same
LAB. LUT chain connections transfer the output of one LE’s LUT to the
adjacent LE for fast sequential LUT connections within the same LAB.
Register chain connections transfer the output of one LE’s register to the
adjacent LE’s register within an LAB. The Quartus® II Compiler places
associated logic within an LAB or adjacent LABs, allowing the use of local,
LUT chain, and register chain connections for performance and area
efficiency. Figure 2 details the Cyclone LAB.
Logic Array
Blocks
Figure 2. Cyclone LAB Structure
Row Interconnect
Column Interconnect
Direct link
interconnect from
adjacent block
Direct link
interconnect from
adjacent block
Direct link
Direct link
interconnect to
adjacent block
interconnect to
adjacent block
LAB
Local Interconnect
6
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
LAB Interconnects
The LAB local interconnect can drive LEs within the same LAB. The LAB
local interconnect is driven by column and row interconnects and LE
outputs within the same LAB. Neighboring LABs, PLLs, and M4K RAM
blocks from the left and right can also drive an LAB’s local interconnect
through the direct link connection. The direct link connection feature
minimizes the use of row and column interconnects, providing higher
performance and flexibility. Each LE can drive 30 other LEs through fast
local and direct link interconnects. Figure 3 shows the direct link
connection.
Figure 3. Direct Link Connection
Direct link interconnect from
left LAB, M4K memory
block, PLL, or IOE output
Direct link interconnect from
right LAB, M4K memory
block, PLL, or IOE output
Direct link
interconnect
to right
Direct link
interconnect
to left
Local
Interconnect
LAB
LAB Control Signals
Each LAB contains dedicated logic for driving control signals to its LEs.
The control signals include two clocks, two clock enables, two
asynchronous clears, synchronous clear, asynchronous preset/load,
synchronous load, and add/subtract control signals. This gives a
maximum of 10 control signals at a time. Although synchronous load and
clear signals are generally used when implementing counters, they can
also be used with other functions.
Altera Corporation
7
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Each LAB can use two clocks and two clock enable signals. Each LAB’s
clock and clock enable signals are linked. For example, any LE in a
particular LAB using the labclk1signal will also use labclkena1. If
the LAB uses both the rising and falling edges of a clock, it also uses both
LAB-wide clock signals. De-asserting the clock enable signal will turn off
the LAB-wide clock.
Each LAB can use two asynchronous clear signals and an asynchronous
load/preset signal. The asynchronous load acts as a preset when the
asynchronous load data input is tied high.
With the LAB-wide addnsubcontrol signal, a single LE can implement a
one-bit adder and subtractor. This saves LE resources and improves
performance for logic functions such as DSP correlators and signed
multipliers that alternate between addition and subtraction depending on
data.
The LAB row clocks [5..0] and LAB local interconnect generate the LAB-
wide control signals. The MultiTrackTM interconnect’s inherent low skew
allows clock and control signal distribution in addition to data. Figure 4
shows the LAB control signal generation circuit.
Figure 4. LAB-Wide Control Signals
Dedicated
LAB Row
Clocks
6
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
labclkena2
labclkena1
syncload
labclr2
addnsub
Local
Interconnect
labclk1
labclk2
asyncload
or labpre
labclr1
synclr
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
The smallest unit of logic in the Cyclone architecture, the LE, is compact
and provides advanced features with efficient logic utilization. Each LE
contains a four-input LUT, which is a function generator that can
implement any function of four variables. In addition, each LE contains a
programmable register and carry chain with carry select capability. A
single LE also supports dynamic single bit addition or subtraction mode
selectable by an LAB-wide control signal. Each LE drives all types of
interconnects: local, row, column, LUT chain, register chain, and direct
link interconnects. See Figure 5.
Logic Elements
Figure 5. Cyclone LE
Register chain
routing from
previous LE
LAB-wide
Synchronous
Register Bypass
LAB Carry-In
Load
Programmable
Register
LAB-wide
Synchronous
Clear
Packed
Register Select
Carry-In1
Carry-In0
addnsub
LUT chain
routing to next LE
data1
Row, column,
and direct link
routing
PRN/ALD
data2
data3
Synchronous
Load and
Clear Logic
Look-Up
Table
(LUT)
Carry
Chain
D
Q
ADATA
data4
ENA
CLRN
Row, column,
and direct link
routing
labclr1
labclr2
Asynchronous
Clear/Preset/
Load Logic
Local Routing
labpre/aload
Chip-Wide
Reset
Register chain
output
Clock &
Clock Enable
Select
Register
Feedback
labclk1
labclk2
labclkena1
labclkena2
Carry-Out0
Carry-Out1
LAB Carry-Out
Altera Corporation
9
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Each LE’s programmable register can be configured for D, T, JK, or SR
operation. Each register has data, true asynchronous load data, clock,
clock enable, clear, and asynchronous load/preset inputs. Global signals,
general-purpose I/O pins, or any internal logic can drive the register’s
clock and clear control signals. Either general-purpose I/O pins or
internal logic can drive the clock enable, preset, asynchronous load, and
asynchronous data. The asynchronous load data input comes from the
data3input of the LE. For combinatorial functions, the LUT output
bypasses the register and drives directly to the LE outputs.
Each LE has three outputs that drive the local, row, and column routing
resources. The LUT or register output can drive these three outputs
independently. Two LE outputs drive column or row and direct link
routing connections and one drives local interconnect resources. This
allows the LUT to drive one output while the register drives another
output. This feature, called register packing, improves device utilization
because the device can use the register and the LUT for unrelated
functions. Another special packing mode allows the register output to
feed back into the LUT of the same LE so that the register is packed with
its own fan-out LUT. This provides another mechanism for improved
fitting. The LE can also drive out registered and unregistered versions of
the LUT output.
LUT Chain & Register Chain
In addition to the three general routing outputs, the LEs within an LAB
have LUT chain and register chain outputs. LUT chain connections allow
LUTs within the same LAB to cascade together for wide input functions.
Register chain outputs allow registers within the same LAB to cascade
together. The register chain output allows an LAB to use LUTs for a single
combinatorial function and the registers to be used for an unrelated shift
register implementation. These resources speed up connections between
LABs while saving local interconnect resources. See “MultiTrack
Interconnect” on page 17 for more information on LUT chain and register
chain connections.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
addnsub Signal
The LE’s dynamic adder/subtractor feature saves logic resources by using
one set of LEs to implement both an adder and a subtractor. This feature
is controlled by the LAB-wide control signal addnsub. The addnsub
signal sets the LAB to perform either A + B or A − B. The LUT computes
addition; subtraction is computed by adding the two’s complement of the
intended subtractor. The LAB-wide signal converts to two’s complement
by inverting the B bits within the LAB and setting carry-in = 1 to add one
to the least significant bit (LSB). The LSB of an adder/subtractor must be
placed in the first LE of the LAB, where the LAB-wide addnsubsignal
automatically sets the carry-in to 1. The Quartus II Compiler
automatically places and uses the adder/subtractor feature when using
adder/subtractor parameterized functions.
LE Operating Modes
The Cyclone LE can operate in one of the following modes:
■
■
Normal mode
Dynamic arithmetic mode
Each mode uses LE resources differently. In each mode, eight available
inputs to the LE the four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect,
carry-in0and carry-in1from the previous LE, the LAB carry-in
from the previous carry-chain LAB, and the register chain
connection are directed to different destinations to implement the
desired logic function. LAB-wide signals provide clock, asynchronous
clear, asynchronous preset/load, synchronous clear, synchronous load,
and clock enable control for the register. These LAB-wide signals are
available in all LE modes. The addnsubcontrol signal is allowed in
arithmetic mode.
The Quartus II software, in conjunction with parameterized functions
such as library of parameterized modules (LPM) functions, automatically
chooses the appropriate mode for common functions such as counters,
adders, subtractors, and arithmetic functions. If required, the designer can
also create special-purpose functions that specify which LE operating
mode to use for optimal performance.
Altera Corporation
11
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Normal Mode
The normal mode is suitable for general logic applications and
combinatorial functions. In normal mode, four data inputs from the LAB
local interconnect are inputs to a four-input LUT (see Figure 6). The
Quartus II Compiler automatically selects the carry-in or the data3signal
as one of the inputs to the LUT. Each LE can use LUT chain connections to
drive its combinatorial output directly to the next LE in the LAB.
Asynchronous load data for the register comes from the data3input of
the LE. LEs in normal mode support packed registers.
Figure 6. LE in Normal Mode
sload
sclear
aload
(LAB Wide) (LAB Wide)
(LAB Wide)
Register chain
connection
addnsub (LAB Wide)
ALD/PRE
(1)
Row, column, and
direct link routing
ADATA
D
Q
data1
data2
Row, column, and
direct link routing
ENA
CLRN
data3
cin (from cout
of previous LE)
4-Input
LUT
clock (LAB Wide)
Local routing
data4
ena (LAB Wide)
aclr (LAB Wide)
LUT chain
connection
Register
chain output
Register Feedback
Note to Figure 6:
(1) This signal is only allowed in normal mode if the LE is at the end of an adder/subtractor chain.
12
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Dynamic Arithmetic Mode
The dynamic arithmetic mode is ideal for implementing adders, counters,
accumulators, wide parity functions, and comparators. An LE in dynamic
arithmetic mode uses four 2-input LUTs configurable as a dynamic
adder/subtractor. The first two 2-input LUTs compute two summations
based on a possible carry-in of 1 or 0; the other two LUTs generate carry
outputs for the two chains of the carry select circuitry. As shown in
Figure 7, the LAB carry-in signal selects either the carry-in0or
carry-in1chain. The selected chain’s logic level in turn determines
which parallel sum is generated as a combinatorial or registered output.
For example, when implementing an adder, the sum output is the
selection of two possible calculated sums:
data1 + data2 + carry-in0or data1 + data2 + carry-in1.
The other two LUTs use the data1and data2signals to generate two
possible carry-out signals one for a carry of 1 and the other for a carry of
0. The carry-in0signal acts as the carry select for the carry-out0
output and carry-in1acts as the carry select for the carry-out1
output. LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and unregistered
versions of the LUT output.
The dynamic arithmetic mode also offers clock enable, counter enable,
synchronous up/down control, synchronous clear, synchronous load,
and dynamic adder/subtractor options. The LAB local interconnect data
inputs generate the counter enable and synchronous up/down control
signals. The synchronous clear and synchronous load options are LAB-
wide signals that affect all registers in the LAB. The Quartus II software
automatically places any registers that are not used by the counter into
other LABs. The addnsubLAB-wide signal controls whether the LE acts
as an adder or subtractor.
Altera Corporation
13
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 7. LE in Dynamic Arithmetic Mode
LAB Carry-In
Carry-In0
sload
sclear
aload
(LAB Wide)
(LAB Wide) (LAB Wide)
Carry-In1
Register chain
connection
addnsub
(LAB Wide)
(1)
ALD/PRE
data1
data2
data3
LUT
ADATA
D
Row, column, and
direct link routing
Q
LUT
LUT
LUT
Row, column, and
direct link routing
ENA
CLRN
clock (LAB Wide)
ena (LAB Wide)
aclr (LAB Wide)
Local routing
LUT chain
connection
Register
chain output
Register Feedback
Carry-Out0 Carry-Out1
Note to Figure 7:
(1) The addnsubsignal is tied to the carry input for the first LE of a carry chain only.
Carry-Select Chain
The carry-select chain provides a very fast carry-select function between
LEs in dynamic arithmetic mode. The carry-select chain uses the
redundant carry calculation to increase the speed of carry functions. The
LE is configured to calculate outputs for a possible carry-in of 0 and carry-
in of 1 in parallel. The carry-in0and carry-in1signals from a lower-
order bit feed forward into the higher-order bit via the parallel carry chain
and feed into both the LUT and the next portion of the carry chain. Carry-
select chains can begin in any LE within an LAB.
The speed advantage of the carry-select chain is in the parallel pre-
computation of carry chains. Since the LAB carry-in selects the
precomputed carry chain, not every LE is in the critical path. Only the
propagation delays between LAB carry-in generation (LE 5 and LE 10) are
now part of the critical path. This feature allows the Cyclone architecture
to implement high-speed counters, adders, multipliers, parity functions,
and comparators of arbitrary width.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 8 shows the carry-select circuitry in an LAB for a 10-bit full adder.
One portion of the LUT generates the sum of two bits using the input
signals and the appropriate carry-in bit; the sum is routed to the output of
the LE. The register can be bypassed for simple adders or used for
accumulator functions. Another portion of the LUT generates carry-out
bits. An LAB-wide carry-in bit selects which chain is used for the addition
of given inputs. The carry-in signal for each chain, carry-in0or
carry-in1, selects the carry-out to carry forward to the carry-in signal of
the next-higher-order bit. The final carry-out signal is routed to an LE,
where it is fed to local, row, or column interconnects.
Altera Corporation
15
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 8. Carry Select Chain
LAB Carry-In
0
1
LAB Carry-In
Carry-In0
Sum1
Sum2
Sum3
Sum4
Sum5
A1
B1
LE1
LE2
LE3
LE4
LE5
Carry-In1
A2
B2
LUT
LUT
data1
data2
Sum
A3
B3
A4
B4
LUT
LUT
A5
B5
0
1
Carry-Out0
Carry-Out1
Sum6
Sum7
Sum8
Sum9
Sum10
A6
B6
LE6
LE7
LE8
LE9
A7
B7
A8
B8
A9
B9
A10
B10
LE10
LAB Carry-Out
The Quartus II Compiler automatically creates carry chain logic during
design processing, or the designer can create it manually during design
entry. Parameterized functions such as LPM functions automatically take
advantage of carry chains for the appropriate functions.
The Quartus II Compiler creates carry chains longer than 10 LEs by
linking LABs together automatically. For enhanced fitting, a long carry
chain runs vertically allowing fast horizontal connections to M4K
memory blocks. A carry chain can continue as far as a full column.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Clear & Preset Logic Control
LAB-wide signals control the logic for the register’s clear and preset
signals. The LE directly supports an asynchronous clear and preset
function. The register preset is achieved through the asynchronous load of
a logic high. The direct asynchronous preset does not require a NOT-gate
push-back technique. Cyclone devices support simultaneous preset/
asynchronous load and clear signals. An asynchronous clear signal takes
precedence if both signals are asserted simultaneously. Each LAB
supports up to two clears and one preset signal.
In addition to the clear and preset ports, Cyclone devices provide a chip-
wide reset pin (DEV_CLRn) that resets all registers in the device. An option
set before compilation in the Quartus II software controls this pin. This
chip-wide reset overrides all other control signals.
In the Cyclone architecture, connections between LEs, M4K memory
blocks, and device I/O pins are provided by the MultiTrack interconnect
structure with DirectDriveTM technology. The MultiTrack interconnect
consists of continuous, performance-optimized routing lines of different
speeds used for inter- and intra-design block connectivity. The Quartus II
Compiler automatically places critical design paths on faster
interconnects to improve design performance.
MultiTrack
Interconnect
DirectDrive technology is a deterministic routing technology that ensures
identical routing resource usage for any function regardless of placement
within the device. The MultiTrack interconnect and DirectDrive
technology simplify the integration stage of block-based designing by
eliminating the re-optimization cycles that typically follow design
changes and additions.
The MultiTrack interconnect consists of row and column interconnects
that span fixed distances. A routing structure with fixed length resources
for all devices allows predictable and repeatable performance when
migrating through different device densities. Dedicated row
interconnects route signals to and from LABs, PLLs, and M4K memory
blocks within the same row. These row resources include:
■
■
Direct link interconnects between LABs and adjacent blocks
R4 interconnects traversing four blocks to the right or left
The direct link interconnect allows an LAB or M4K memory block to drive
into the local interconnect of its left and right neighbors. Only one side of
a PLL block interfaces with direct link and row interconnects. The direct
link interconnect provides fast communication between adjacent LABs
and/or blocks without using row interconnect resources.
Altera Corporation
17
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
The R4 interconnects span four LABs, or two LABs and one M4K RAM
block. These resources are used for fast row connections in a four-LAB
region. Every LAB has its own set of R4 interconnects to drive either left
or right. Figure 9 shows R4 interconnect connections from an LAB. R4
interconnects can drive and be driven by M4K memory blocks, PLLs, and
row IOEs. For LAB interfacing, a primary LAB or LAB neighbor can drive
a given R4 interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the right, the
primary LAB and right neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. For R4
interconnects that drive to the left, the primary LAB and its left neighbor
can drive on to the interconnect. R4 interconnects can drive other R4
interconnects to extend the range of LABs they can drive. R4 interconnects
can also drive C4 interconnects for connections from one row to another.
Figure 9. R4 Interconnect Connections
Adjacent LAB can
Drive onto Another
LAB's R4 Interconnect
R4 Interconnect
Driving Right
C4 Column Interconnects (1)
R4 Interconnect
Driving Left
LAB
Neighbor
Primary
LAB (2)
LAB
Neighbor
Notes to Figure 9:
(1) C4 interconnects can drive R4 interconnects.
(2) This pattern is repeated for every LAB in the LAB row.
The column interconnect operates similarly to the row interconnect. Each
column of LABs is served by a dedicated column interconnect, which
vertically routes signals to and from LABs, M4K memory blocks, and row
and column IOEs. These column resources include:
■
■
■
LUT chain interconnects within an LAB
Register chain interconnects within an LAB
C4 interconnects traversing a distance of four blocks in an up and
down direction
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Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Cyclone devices include an enhanced interconnect structure within LABs
for routing LE output to LE input connections faster using LUT chain
connections and register chain connections. The LUT chain connection
allows the combinatorial output of an LE to directly drive the fast input of
the LE right below it, bypassing the local interconnect. These resources
can be used as a high-speed connection for wide fan-in functions from LE
1 to LE 10 in the same LAB. The register chain connection allows the
register output of one LE to connect directly to the register input of the
next LE in the LAB for fast shift registers. The Quartus II Compiler
automatically takes advantage of these resources to improve utilization
and performance. Figure 10 shows the LUT chain and register chain
interconnects.
Altera Corporation
19
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 10. LUT Chain & Register Chain Interconnects
Local Interconnect
Routing Among LEs
in the LAB
LE 1
LUT Chain
Routing to
Adjacent LE
Register Chain
Routing to Adjacent
LE's Register Input
LE 2
LE 3
LE 4
LE 5
LE 6
LE 7
LE 8
LE 9
Local
Interconnect
LE 10
The C4 interconnects span four LABs or M4K blocks up or down from a
source LAB. Every LAB has its own set of C4 interconnects to drive either
up or down. Figure 11 shows the C4 interconnect connections from an
LAB in a column. The C4 interconnects can drive and be driven by all
types of architecture blocks, including PLLs, M4K memory blocks, and
column and row IOEs. For LAB interconnection, a primary LAB or its LAB
neighbor can drive a given C4 interconnect. C4 interconnects can drive
each other to extend their range as well as drive row interconnects for
column-to-column connections.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 11. C4 Interconnect Connections
Note (1)
C4 Interconnect
Drives Local and R4
Interconnects
Up to Four Rows
C4 Interconnect
Driving Up
LAB
Row
Interconnect
Adjacent LAB can
drive onto neighboring
LAB's C4 interconnect
Local
Interconnect
C4 Interconnect
Driving Down
Note to Figure 11:
(1) Each C4 interconnect can drive either up or down four rows.
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
All embedded blocks communicate with the logic array similar to LAB-to-
LAB interfaces. Each block (i.e., M4K memory or PLL) connects to row
and column interconnects and has local interconnect regions driven by
row and column interconnects. These blocks also have direct link
interconnects for fast connections to and from a neighboring LAB.
Table 5 shows the Cyclone device’s routing scheme.
Table 5. Cyclone Device Routing Scheme
Source
Destination
LUT Chain
v
v
v
Register Chain
Local Interconnect
v
v
v
v
Direct Link
v
Interconnect
R4 Interconnect
C4 Interconnect
LE
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
M4K RAM Block
PLL
Column IOE
Row IOE
v
v
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
The Cyclone embedded memory consists of columns of M4K memory
blocks. EP1C3 and EP1C6 devices have one column of M4K blocks, while
EP1C12 and EP1C20 devices have two columns (see Table 1 on page 1 for
total RAM bits per density). Each M4K block can implement various types
of memory with or without parity, including true dual-port, simple dual-
port, and single-port RAM, ROM, and FIFO buffers. The M4K blocks
support the following features:
Embedded
Memory
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
4,608 RAM bits
200 MHz performance
True dual-port memory
Simple dual-port memory
Single-port memory
Byte enable
Parity bits
Shift register
FIFO buffer
ROM
Mixed clock mode
Memory Modes
The M4K memory blocks include input registers that synchronize writes
and output registers to pipeline designs and improve system
performance. M4K blocks offer a true dual-port mode to support any
combination of two-port operations: two reads, two writes, or one read
and one write at two different clock frequencies. Figure 12 shows true
dual-port memory.
Figure 12. True Dual-Port Memory Configuration
A
B
dataA[]
dataB[]
addressA[]
wrenA
addressB[]
wrenB
clockA
clockenA
qA[]
clockB
clockenB
qB[]
aclrA
aclrB
In addition to true dual-port memory, the M4K memory blocks support
simple dual-port and single-port RAM. Simple dual-port memory
supports a simultaneous read and write. Single-port memory supports
non-simultaneous reads and writes. Figure 13 shows these different M4K
RAM memory port configurations.
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23
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 13. Simple Dual-Port & Single-Port Memory Configurations
Simple Dual-Port Memory
data[]
rdaddress[]
rden
wraddress[]
wren
q[]
inclock
inclocken
inaclr
outclock
outclocken
outaclr
Single-Port Memory (1)
data[]
address[]
wren
q[]
outclock
inclock
inclocken
inaclr
outclocken
outaclr
Note to Figure 13:
(1) Two single-port memory blocks can be implemented in a single M4K block as long
as each of the two independent block sizes is equal to or less than half of the M4K
block size.
The memory blocks also enable mixed-width data ports for reading and
writing to the RAM ports in dual-port RAM configuration. For example,
the memory block can be written in ×1 mode at port A and read out in ×16
mode from port B.
The Cyclone memory architecture can implement fully synchronous RAM
by registering both the input and output signals to the M4K RAM block.
All M4K memory block inputs are registered, providing synchronous
write cycles. In synchronous operation, the memory block generates its
own self-timed strobe write enable (wren) signal derived from a global
clock. In contrast, a circuit using asynchronous RAM must generate the
RAM wrensignal while ensuring its data and address signals meet setup
and hold time specifications relative to the wrensignal. The output
registers can be bypassed. Pseudo-asynchronous reading is possible in the
simple dual-port mode of M4K blocks by clocking the read enable and
read address registers on the negative clock edge and bypassing the
output registers.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
When configured as RAM or ROM, the designer can use an initialization
file to pre-load the memory contents.
Two single-port memory blocks can be implemented in a single M4K
block as long as each of the two independent block sizes is equal to or less
than half of the M4K block size.
The Quartus II software automatically implements larger memory by
combining multiple M4K memory blocks. For example, two 256 × 16-bit
RAM blocks can be combined to form a 256 × 32-bit RAM block. Memory
performance does not degrade for memory blocks using the maximum
number of words allowed. Logical memory blocks using less than the
maximum number of words use physical blocks in parallel, eliminating
any external control logic that would increase delays. To create a larger
high-speed memory block, the Quartus II software automatically
combines memory blocks with LE control logic.
Parity Bit Support
The M4K blocks support a parity bit for each byte. The parity bit, along
with internal LE logic, can implement parity checking for error detection
to ensure data integrity. Designers can also use parity-size data words to
store user-specified control bits. Byte enables are also available for data
input masking during write operations.
Shift Register Support
The designer can configure M4K memory blocks to implement shift
registers for DSP applications such as pseudo-random number
generators, multi-channel filtering, auto-correlation, and cross-correlation
functions. These and other DSP applications require local data storage,
traditionally implemented with standard flip-flops, which can quickly
consume many logic cells and routing resources for large shift registers. A
more efficient alternative is to use embedded memory as a shift register
block, which saves logic cell and routing resources and provides a more
efficient implementation with the dedicated circuitry.
The size of a w × m × n shift register is determined by the input data width
(w), the length of the taps (m), and the number of taps (n). The size of a
w × m × n shift register must be less than or equal to the maximum number
of memory bits in the M4K block (4,608 bits). The total number of shift
register outputs (number of taps n × width w) must be less than the
maximum data width of the M4K RAM block (×36). To create larger shift
registers, multiple memory blocks are cascaded together.
Altera Corporation
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Data is written into each address location at the falling edge of the clock
and read from the address at the rising edge of the clock. The shift register
mode logic automatically controls the positive and negative edge clocking
to shift the data in one clock cycle. Figure 14 shows the M4K memory
block in the shift register mode.
Figure 14. Shift Register Memory Configuration
w × m × n Shift Register
m-Bit Shift Register
w
w
w
m-Bit Shift Register
w
n Number
of Taps
m-Bit Shift Register
w
w
w
m-Bit Shift Register
w
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Memory Configuration Sizes
The memory address depths and output widths can be configured as
4,096 × 1, 2,048 × 2, 1,024 × 4, 512 × 8 (or 512 × 9 bits), 256 × 16 (or 256 × 18
bits), and 128 x 32 (or 128 x 36 bits). The 128 x 32- or 36-bit configuration
is not available in the true dual-port mode. Mixed-width configurations
are also possible, allowing different read and write widths. Tables 6 and 7
summarize the possible M4K RAM block configurations.
Table 6. M4K RAM Block Configurations (Simple Dual-Port)
Read Port
Write Port
1K × 4 512 × 8 256 × 16 128 × 32 512 × 9 256 × 18 128 × 36
4K × 1
2K × 2
4K × 1
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
2K × 2
1K × 4
512 × 8
256 × 16
128 × 32
512 × 9
256 × 18
128 × 36
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Table 7. M4K RAM Block Configurations (True Dual-Port)
Port A
Port B
4K × 1
2K × 2
1K × 4
512 × 8
256 × 16 512 × 9
256 × 18
4K × 1
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
2K × 2
1K × 4
512 × 8
256 × 16
512 × 9
256 × 18
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
When the M4K RAM block is configured as a shift register block, the
designer can create a shift register up to 4,608 bits (w × m × n).
Altera Corporation
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Byte Enables
M4K blocks support byte writes when the write port has a data width of
16, 18, 32, or 36 bits. The byte enables allow the input data to be masked
so the device can write to specific bytes. The unwritten bytes retain the
previous written value. Table 8 summarizes the byte selection.
Table 8. Byte Enable for M4K Blocks
Notes (1), (2)
byteena[3..0]
datain ×18
datain ×36
[0] = 1
[1] = 1
[2] = 1
[3] = 1
[8..0]
[8..0]
[17..9]
[17..9]
[26..18]
[35..27]
–
–
Notes to Table 8:
(1) Any combination of byte enables is possible.
(2) Byte enables can be used in the same manner with 8-bit words, i.e., in ×16 and ×32
modes.
Control Signals & M4K Interface
The M4K blocks allow for different clocks on their inputs and outputs.
Either of the two clocks feeding the block can clock M4K block registers
(renwe, address, byte enable, datain, and output registers). Only the
output register can be bypassed. The six labclksignals or local
interconnects can drive the control signals for the A and B ports of the
M4K block. LEs can also control the clock_a, clock_b, renwe_a,
renwe_b, clr_a, clr_b, clocken_a, and clocken_bsignals, as
shown in Figure 15.
The R4, C4, and direct link interconnects from adjacent LABs drive the
M4K block local interconnect. The M4K blocks can communicate with
LABs on either the left or right side through these row resources or with
LAB columns on either the right or left with the column resources. Up to
10 direct link input connections to the M4K block are possible from the left
adjacent LABs and another 10 possible from the right adjacent LAB. M4K
block outputs can also connect to left and right LABs through 10 direct
link interconnects each. Figure 16 shows the M4K block to logic array
interface.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 15. M4K RAM Block Control Signals
Dedicated
LAB Row
Clocks
6
Local
Local
Interconnect
Interconnect
Local
Local
Interconnect
Interconnect
Local
Local
Interconnect
Interconnect
Local
Local
Interconnect
Interconnect
alcr_a
clocken_a
renwe_b
clock_b
Local
Local
Interconnect
Interconnect
clock_a
renwe_a
alcr_b
clocken_b
Figure 16. M4K RAM Block LAB Row Interface
C4 Interconnects
R4 Interconnects
10
Direct link
Direct link
interconnect
to adjacent LAB
interconnect
to adjacent LAB
dataout
M4K RAM
Block
Direct link
Direct link
interconnect
interconnect
from adjacent LAB
from adjacent LAB
Byte enable
Clocks
Control
Signals
address
datain
6
M4K RAM Block Local
Interconnect Region
LAB Row Clocks
Altera Corporation
29
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Independent Clock Mode
The M4K memory blocks implement independent clock mode for true
dual-port memory. In this mode, a separate clock is available for each port
(ports A and B). Clock A controls all registers on the port A side, while
clock B controls all registers on the port B side. Each port, A and B, also
supports independent clock enables and asynchronous clear signals for
port A and B registers. Figure 17 shows an M4K memory block in
independent clock mode.
Figure 17. Independent Clock Mode
Note (1)
6 LAB Row Clocks
Memory Block
256 ´ 16 (2)
512 ´ 8
1,024 ´ 4
2,048 ´ 2
A
B
6
6
dataA[ ]
dataB[ ]
Data In
Q
Q
D
D
ENA
Q
Q
Data In
ENA
4,096 ´ 1
byteenaA[ ]
byteenaB[ ]
Byte Enable A
Address A
D
D
Byte Enable B
Address B
ENA
ENA
addressA[ ]
wrenA
addressB[ ]
wrenB
Q
Q
D
D
Q
Q
ENA
ENA
Write/Read
Enable
Write/Read
Enable
D
D
Write
Pulse
Generator
Write
Pulse
Generator
clkenA
clockA
clkenB
clockB
ENA
ENA
Data Out
Data Out
D
Q
Q
D
ENA
ENA
qA[ ] qB[ ]
Note to Figure 17:
(1) All registers shown have asynchronous clear ports.
Input/Output Clock Mode
Input/output clock mode can be implemented for both the true and
simple dual-port memory modes. On each of the two ports, A or B, one
clock controls all registers for inputs into the memory block: data input,
wren, and address. The other clock controls the block’s data output
registers. Each memory block port, A or B, also supports independent
clock enables and asynchronous clear signals for input and output
registers. Figures 18 and 19 show the memory block in input/output clock
mode.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 18. Input/Output Clock Mode in True Dual-Port Mode
Note (1)
6 LAB Row Clocks
6
6
Memory Block
256 × 16 (2)
512 × 8
1,024 × 4
2,048 × 2
A
B
dataA[ ]
dataB[ ]
Data In
Q
Q
Q
D
D
Q
Q
Q
Data In
ENA
ENA
4,096 × 1
byteenaA[ ]
byteenaB[ ]
Byte Enable A
Address A
D
D
Byte Enable B
Address B
ENA
ENA
addressA[ ]
wrenA
addressB[ ]
D
D
ENA
ENA
wrenB
Write/Read
Enable
Write/Read
Enable
Write
Pulse
Generator
Write
Pulse
Generator
Q
D
D
Q
clkenA
clockA
ENA
ENA
Data Out
Data Out
clkenB
clockB
D
Q
Q
D
ENA
ENA
qA[ ] qB[ ]
Note to Figure 18:
(1) All registers shown have asynchronous clear ports.
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 19. Input/Output Clock Mode in Simple Dual-Port Mode
Note (1)
6 LAB Row
Clocks
Memory Block
256 ´ 16
6
data[ ]
address[ ]
byteena[ ]
D
ENA
Q
Q
Q
Data In
512 ´ 8
1,024 ´ 4
2,048 ´ 2
4,096 ´ 1
Read Address
D
ENA
To MultiTrack
Interconnect
Data Out
Byte Enable
D
Q
ENA
D
ENA
wraddress[ ]
rden
Write Address
Read Enable
D
ENA
Q
Q
D
ENA
wren
outclken
Write
Pulse
Generator
D
ENA
Q
Write Enable
inclken
inclock
outclock
Note to Figures 19:
(1) All registers shown except the rden register have asynchronous clear ports.
Read/Write Clock Mode
The M4K memory blocks implement read/write clock mode for simple
dual-port memory. The designer can use up to two clocks in this mode.
The write clock controls the block’s data inputs, wraddress, and wren.
The read clock controls the data output, rdaddress, and rden. The
memory blocks support independent clock enables for each clock and
asynchronous clear signals for the read- and write-side registers.
Figure 20 shows a memory block in read/write clock mode.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 20. Read/Write Clock Mode in Simple Dual-Port Mode
Note (1)
6 LAB Row
Clocks
Memory Block
256 × 16
512 × 8
6
1,024 × 4
2,048 × 2
4,096 × 1
data[ ]
D
ENA
Q
Data In
To MultiTrack
Interconnect
Data Out
D
Q
ENA
address[ ]
Read Address
D
Q
Q
Q
ENA
wraddress[ ]
Write Address
Byte Enable
Read Enable
D
ENA
byteena[ ]
rden
D
ENA
D
Q
ENA
wren
rdclken
Write
Pulse
Generator
D
ENA
Q
wrclken
wrclock
Write Enable
rdclock
Note to Figure 20:
(1) All registers shown except the rden register have asynchronous clear ports.
Single-Port Mode
The M4K memory blocks also support single-port mode, used when
simultaneous reads and writes are not required. See Figure 21. A single
M4K memory block can support up to two single-port mode RAM blocks
if each RAM block is less than or equal to 2K bits in size.
Altera Corporation
33
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 21. Single-Port Mode
6 LAB Row
Clocks
RAM/ROM
6
256 × 16
512 × 8
1,024 × 4
2,048 × 2
4,096 × 1
data[ ]
D
ENA
Q
Data In
To MultiTrack
Interconnect
Data Out
D
Q
ENA
address[ ]
wren
Address
D
Q
ENA
Write Enable
outclken
D
ENA
Q
inclken
inclock
Write
Pulse
Generator
outclock
Cyclone devices provide a global clock network and up to two PLLs for a
complete clock management solution.
Global Clock
Network &
Phase-Locked
Loops
Global Clock Network
There are four dedicated clock pins (CLK[3..0], two pins on the left side
and two pins on the right side) that drive the global clock network, as
shown in Figure 22. PLL outputs, logic array, and dual-purpose clock
(DPCLK[7..0]) pins can also drive the global clock network.
The eight global clock lines in the global clock network drive throughout
the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks for all
resources within the device IOEs, LEs, and memory blocks. The global
clock lines can also be used for control signals, such as clock enables and
synchronous or asynchronous clears fed from the external pin, or DQS
signals for DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interfaces. Internal logic can also
drive the global clock network for internally generated global clocks and
asynchronous clears, clock enables, or other control signals with large
fanout. Figure 22 shows the various sources that drive the global clock
network.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 22. Global Clock Generation
Note (1)
DPCLK2
DPCLK3
Cyclone Device
Global Clock
Network
8
DPCLK1
DPCLK4
From logic
array
From logic
array
4
4
CLK0
PLL1
CLK2
PLL2
(2)
CLK1 (3)
CLK3 (3)
4
4
2
2
DPCLK0
DPCLK5
DPCLK7
DPCLK6
Notes to Figure 22:
(1) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package has five DPCLKpins (DPCLK2, DPCLK3, DPCLK4, DPCLK6, and
DPCLK7).
(2) EP1C3 devices only contain one PLL (PLL 1).
(3) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not have dedicated clock pins CLK1and CLK3.
Altera Corporation
35
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Dual-Purpose Clock Pins
Each Cyclone device except the EP1C3 device has eight dual-purpose
clock pins, DPCLK[7..0](two on each I/O bank). EP1C3 devices have
five DPCLKpins in the 100-pin TQFP package. These dual-purpose pins
can connect to the global clock network (see Figure 22) for high-fanout
control signals such as clocks, asynchronous clears, presets, and clock
enables, or protocol control signals such as TRDYand IRDYfor PCI, or
DQS signals for external memory interfaces.
Combined Resources
Each Cyclone device contains eight distinct dedicated clocking resources.
The device uses multiplexers with these clocks to form six-bit buses to
drive LAB row clocks, column IOE clocks, or row IOE clocks. See
Figure 23. Another multiplexer at the LAB level selects two of the six LAB
row clocks to feed the LE registers within the LAB.
Figure 23. Global Clock Network Multiplexers
Column I/O Region
IO_CLK]5..0]
Global Clock
Network
Global Clocks [3..0]
Dual-Purpose Clocks [7..0]
Clock [7..0]
LAB Row Clock [5..0]
PLL Outputs [3..0]
Core Logic [7..0]
Row I/O Region
IO_CLK[5..0]
IOE clocks have row and column block regions. Six of the eight global
clock resources feed to these row and column regions. Figure 24 shows the
I/O clock regions.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 24. I/O Clock Regions
Column I/O Clock Region
IO_CLK[5..0]
6
I/O Clock Regions
Cyclone Logic Array
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
6
6
6
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
6
Global Clock
Network
8
Row
I/O Regions
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
6
6
I/O Clock Regions
6
Column I/O Clock Region
IO_CLK[5..0]
PLLs
Cyclone PLLs provide general-purpose clocking with clock multiplication
and phase shifting as well as outputs for differential I/O support. Cyclone
devices contain two PLLs, except for the EP1C3 device, which contains
one PLL.
Altera Corporation
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 9 shows the PLL features in Cyclone devices. Figure 25 shows a
Cyclone PLL.
Table 9. Cyclone PLL Features
Feature
PLL Support
Clock multiplication and division
Phase shift
m/(n × post-scale counter) (1)
Down to 156-ps increments (2), (3)
Programmable duty cycle
Number of internal clock outputs
Number of external clock outputs
Yes
2
One differential or one single-ended (4)
Notes to Table 9:
(1) The m counter ranges from 2 to 32. The n counter and the post-scale counters range
from 1 to 32.
(2) The smallest phase shift is determined by the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
period divided by 8.
(3) For degree increments, Cyclone devices can shift all output frequencies in
increments of 45°. Smaller degree increments are possible depending on the
frequency and divide parameters.
(4) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not support external clock
output. The EP1C6 device in the 144-pin TQFP package does not support external
clock output from PLL2.
Figure 25. Cyclone PLL
Note (1)
VCO Phase Selection
Selectable at Each PLL
Output Port
Post-Scale
Counters
Global clock
÷g0
CLK0 or
LVDSCLK1p (2)
Charge
Pump
Loop
Filter
÷n
∆t
÷g1
÷e
PFD (3)
VCO
Global clock
I/O buffer
CLK1 or
LVDSCLK1n (2)
∆t
÷m
Notes to Figure 25:
(1) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not support external outputs or LVDS inputs. The EP1C6
device in the 144-pin TQFP package does not support external output from PLL2.
(2) LVDS input is supported via the secondary function of the dedicated clock pins. For PLL 1, the CLK0pin’s
secondary function is LVDSCLK1pand the CLK1pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK1n. For PLL 2, the CLK2pin’s
secondary function is LVDSCLK2pand the CLK3pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK2n.
(3) PFD: phase frequency detector.
Figure 26 shows the PLL global clock connections.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 26. Cyclone PLL Global Clock Connections
G1
G3
G5
G7
G0
G2
G4
G6
g0
g1
e
g0
g1
e
CLK0
CLK2
PLL1
PLL2
CLK1 (1)
CLK3 (2)
PLL1_OUT (3), (4)
PLL2_OUT (3), (4)
Notes to Figure 26:
(1) PLL 1 supports one single-ended or LVDS input via pins CLK0and CLK1.
(2) PLL2 supports one single-ended or LVDS input via pins CLK2and CLK3.
(3) PLL1_OUTand PLL2_OUTsupport single-ended or LVDS output. If external output is not required, these pins are
available as regular user I/O pins.
(4) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not support external clock output. The EP1C6 device in the
144-pin TQFP package does not support external clock output from PLL2.
Altera Corporation
39
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 10 shows the global clock network sources available in Cyclone
devices.
Table 10. Global Clock Network Sources
Source GCLK0 GCLK1 GCLK2 GCLK3 GCLK4 GCLK5 GCLK6 GCLK7
PLL Counter
PLL1 G0
PLL1 G1
PLL2 G0 (1)
PLL2 G1 (1)
CLK0
v
v
Output
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Dedicated
Clock Input
Pins
v
CLK1 (2)
CLK2
v
v
v
CLK3 (2)
Dual-Purpose DPCLK0 (3)
Clock Pins
DPCLK1 (3)
v
DPCLK2
DPCLK3
DPCLK4
DPCLK5 (3)
DPCLK6
DPCLK7
v
v
v
v
v
v
Notes to Table 10:
(1) EP1C3 devices only have one PLL (PLL 1).
(2) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not have dedicated clock pins CLK1and CLK3.
(3) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not have the DPCLK0, DPCLK1, or DPCLK5pins.
Clock Multiplication & Division
Cyclone PLLs provide clock synthesis for PLL output ports using
m/(n × post scale counter) scaling factors. The input clock is divided by a
pre-scale divider, n, and is then multiplied by the m feedback factor. The
control loop drives the VCO to match fIN × (m/n). Each output port has a
unique post-scale counter to divide down the high-frequency VCO. For
multiple PLL outputs with different frequencies, the VCO is set to the
least-common multiple of the output frequencies that meets its frequency
specifications. Then, the post-scale dividers scale down the output
frequency for each output port. For example, if the output frequencies
required from one PLL are 33 and 66 MHz, the VCO is set to 330 MHz (the
least-common multiple in the VCO’s range).
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Each PLL has one pre-scale divider, n, that can range in value from 1 to 32.
Each PLL also has one multiply divider, m, that can range in value from 2
to 32. Global clock outputs have two post scale G dividers for global clock
outputs, and external clock outputs have an E divider for external clock
output, both ranging from 1 to 32. The Quartus II software automatically
chooses the appropriate scaling factors according to the input frequency,
multiplication, and division values entered.
External Clock Inputs
Each PLL supports single-ended or differential inputs for source-
synchronous receivers or for general-purpose use. The dedicated clock
pins (CLK[3..0]) feed the PLL inputs. These dual-purpose pins can also
act as LVDS input pins. See Figure 25.
Table 11 shows the I/O standards supported by PLL input and output
pins.
Table 11. PLL I/O Standards
I/O Standard
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.5-V LVCMOS
3.3-V PCI
CLK Input
EXTCLK Output
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
LVDS
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
Differential SSTL-2
For more information on LVDS I/O support, see “LVDS I/O Pins” on
page 59.
External Clock Outputs
Each PLL supports one differential or one single-ended output for source-
synchronous transmitters or for general-purpose external clocks. If the
PLL does not use these PLL_OUTpins, the pins are available for use as
general-purpose I/O pins. The PLL_OUTpins support all I/O standards
shown in Table 11.
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41
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
The external clock outputs do not have their own VCC and ground voltage
supplies. Therefore, to minimize jitter, do not place switching I/O pins
next to these output pins. The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package
does not have dedicated clock output pins. The EP1C6 device in the
144-pin TQFP package only supports dedicated clock outputs from PLL 1.
Clock Feedback
Cyclone PLLs have three modes for multiplication and/or phase shifting:
■
■
Zero delay buffer mode The external clock output pin is phase-
aligned with the clock input pin for zero delay.
Normal mode If the design uses an internal PLL clock output, the
normal mode compensates for the internal clock delay from the input
clock pin to the IOE registers. The external clock output pin is phase
shifted with respect to the clock input pin if connected in this mode.
The designer defines which internal clock output from the PLL
should be phase-aligned to compensate for internal clock delay.
No compensation mode In this mode, the PLL will not compensate
for any clock networks.
■
Phase Shifting
Cyclone PLLs have an advanced clock shift capability that enables
programmable phase shifts. Designers can enter a phase shift (in degrees
or time units) for each PLL clock output port or for all outputs together in
one shift. Designers can perform phase shifting in time units with a
resolution range of 156 to 417 ps. The finest resolution equals one eighth
of the VCO period. The VCO period is a function of the frequency input
and the multiplication and division factors. Each clock output counter can
choose a different phase of the VCO period from up to eight taps.
Designers can use this clock output counter along with an initial setting
on the post-scale counter to achieve a phase-shift range for the entire
period of the output clock. The phase tap feedback to the m counter can
shift all outputs to a single phase. The Quartus II software automatically
sets the phase taps and counter settings according to the phase shift
entered.
Lock Detect Signal
The lock output indicates that there is a stable clock output signal in phase
with the reference clock. Without any additional circuitry, the lock signal
may toggle as the PLL begins tracking the reference clock. Therefore, the
designer may need to gate the lock signal for use as a system-control
signal.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Programmable Duty Cycle
The programmable duty cycle allows PLLs to generate clock outputs with
a variable duty cycle. This feature is supported on each PLL post-scale
counter (g0, g1, e). The duty cycle setting is achieved by a low- and high-
time count setting for the post-scale dividers. The Quartus II software uses
the frequency input and the required multiply or divide rate to determine
the duty cycle choices.
Control Signals
There are three control signals for clearing and enabling PLLs and their
outputs. The designer can use these signals to control PLL
resynchronization and the ability to gate PLL output clocks for low-power
applications.
The pllenablesignal enables and disables PLLs. When the pllenable
signal is low, the clock output ports are driven by ground and all the PLLs
go out of lock. When the pllenablesignal goes high again, the PLLs
relock and resynchronize to the input clocks. An input pin or LE output
can drive the pllenablesignal.
The aresetsignals are reset/resynchronization inputs for each PLL.
Cyclone devices can drive these input signals from input pins or from LEs.
When aresetis driven high, the PLL counters will reset, clearing the PLL
output and placing the PLL out of lock. When driven low again, the PLL
will resynchronize to its input as it relocks.
The pfdenasignals control the phase frequency detector (PFD) output
with a programmable gate. If you disable the PFD, the VCO will operate
at its last set value of control voltage and frequency with some drift, and
the system will continue running when the PLL goes out of lock or the
input clock disables. By maintaining the last locked frequency, the system
has time to store its current settings before shutting down. The designer
can either use their own control signal or gated locked status signals to
trigger the pfdenasignal.
For more information on Cyclone PLLs, see AN 251: Using PLLs in Cyclone
Devices.
f
Altera Corporation
43
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
IOEs support many features, including:
I/O Structure
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Differential and single-ended I/O standards
3.3-V, 32-bit, 66-MHz PCI compliance
Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan test (BST) support
Output drive strength control
Weak pull-up resistors during configuration
Slew-rate control
Tri-state buffers
Bus-hold circuitry
Programmable pull-up resistors in user mode
Programmable input and output delays
Open-drain outputs
DQ and DQS I/O pins
Cyclone device IOEs contain a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers
for complete embedded bidirectional single data rate transfer. Figure 27
shows the Cyclone IOE structure. The IOE contains one input register, one
output register, and one output enable register. The designer can use the
input registers for fast setup times and output registers for fast clock-to-
output times. Additionally, the designer can use the output enable (OE)
register for fast clock-to-output enable timing. The Quartus II software
automatically duplicates a single OE register that controls multiple output
or bidirectional pins. IOEs can be used as input, output, or bidirectional
pins.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 27. Cyclone IOE Structure
Logic Array
OE Register
OE
D
Q
Output Register
Output
D
Q
Combinatorial
input (1)
Input
Input Register
D
Q
Note to Figure 27:
(1) There are two paths available for combinatorial inputs to the logic array. Each path
contains a unique programmable delay chain.
The IOEs are located in I/O blocks around the periphery of the Cyclone
device. There are up to three IOEs per row I/O block and up to three IOEs
per column I/O block (column I/O blocks span two columns). The row
I/O blocks drive row, column, or direct link interconnects. The column
I/O blocks drive column interconnects. Figure 28 shows how a row I/O
block connects to the logic array. Figure 29 shows how a column I/O
block connects to the logic array.
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 28. Row I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect
R4 Interconnects
C4 Interconnects
I/O Block Local
Interconnect
21 Data and
Control Signals
from Logic Array (1)
21
LAB
Row
I/O Block
io_datain[2..0] and
comb_io_datain[2..0] (2)
Direct Link
Interconnect
from Adjacent LAB
Direct Link
Interconnect
to Adjacent LAB
Row I/O Block
Contains up to
Three IOEs
io_clk[5:0]
LAB Local
Interconnect
Notes to Figure 28:
(1) The 21 data and control signals consist of three data out lines, io_dataout[2..0], three output enables,
io_coe[2..0], three input clock enables, io_cce_in[2..0], three output clock enables, io_cce_out[2..0],
three clocks, io_cclk[2..0], three asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[2..0], and three synchronous clear
signals, io_csclr[2..0].
(2) Each of the three IOEs in the row I/O block can have one io_dataininput (combinatorial or registered) and one
comb_io_datain(combinatorial) input.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 29. Column I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect
Column I/O
Block Contains
up to Three IOEs
Column I/O Block
21 Data &
Control Signals
from Logic Array (1)
IO_datain[2:0] &
comb_io_datain[2..0]
(2)
21
io_clk[5..0]
I/O Block
Local Interconnect
R4 Interconnects
LAB
LAB
LAB
LAB Local
C4 Interconnects
Interconnect
Notes to Figure 29:
(1) The 21 data and control signals consist of three data out lines, io_dataout[2..0], three output enables,
io_coe[2..0], three input clock enables, io_cce_in[2..0], three output clock enables, io_cce_out[2..0],
three clocks, io_cclk[2..0], three asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[2..0], and three synchronous clear
signals, io_csclr[2..0].
(2) Each of the three IOEs in the column I/O block can have one io_dataininput (combinatorial or registered) and
one comb_io_datain(combinatorial) input.
Altera Corporation
47
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
The pin’s datain signals can drive the logic array. The logic array drives
the control and data signals, providing a flexible routing resource. The
row or column IOE clocks, io_clk[5..0], provide a dedicated routing
resource for low-skew, high-speed clocks. The global clock network
generates the IOE clocks that feed the row or column I/O regions (see
“Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops” on page 34). Figure 30
illustrates the signal paths through the I/O block.
Figure 30. Signal Path through the I/O Block
Row or Column
io_clk[5..0]
To Other
IOEs
io_datain
To Logic
Array
comb_io_datain
oe
ce_in
io_csclr
io_coe
ce_out
aclr/preset
sclr
Data and
Control
Signal
IOE
io_cce_in
io_cce_out
Selection
From Logic
Array
clk_in
io_caclr
io_cclk
clk_out
dataout
io_dataout
Each IOE contains its own control signal selection for the following
control signals: oe, ce_in, ce_out, aclr/preset, sclr/preset,
clk_in, and clk_out. Figure 31 illustrates the control signal selection.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 31. Control Signal Selection per IOE
Dedicated I/O
Clock [5..0]
io_coe
Local
Interconnect
io_csclr
Local
Interconnect
io_caclr
Local
Interconnect
io_cce_out
Local
Interconnect
io_cce_in
io_cclk
Local
Interconnect
ce_out
clk_out
sclr/preset
clk_in
ce_in
aclr/preset
oe
Local
Interconnect
In normal bidirectional operation, the designer can use the input register
for input data requiring fast setup times. The input register can have its
own clock input and clock enable separate from the OE and output
registers. The output register can be used for data requiring fast clock-to-
output performance. The OE register is available for fast clock-to-output
enable timing. The OE and output register share the same clock source
and the same clock enable source from the local interconnect in the
associated LAB, dedicated I/O clocks, or the column and row
interconnects. Figure 32 shows the IOE in bidirectional configuration.
Altera Corporation
49
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 32. Cyclone IOE in Bidirectional I/O Configuration
ioe_clk[5..0]
Column or Row
Interconect
OE
OE Register
PRN
D
Q
V
CCIO
clkout
ENA
Optional
PCI Clamp
CLRN
ce_out
V
CCIO
Programmable
Pull-Up
Resistor
aclr/prn
Chip-Wide Reset
Output
Pin Delay
Output Register
PRN
D
Q
ENA
Drive Strength Control
Open-Drain Output
Slew Control
sclr/preset
CLRN
comb_datain
data_in
Input Pin to
Logic Array Delay
Bus Hold
Input Pin to
Input Register Delay
or Input Pin to
Input Register
PRN
Logic Array Delay
D
Q
ENA
clkin
CLRN
ce_in
The Cyclone device IOE includes programmable delays to ensure zero
hold times, minimize setup times, or increase clock to output times.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
A path in which a pin directly drives a register may require a
programmable delay to ensure zero hold time, whereas a path in which a
pin drives a register through combinatorial logic may not require the
delay. Programmable delays decrease input-pin-to-logic-array and IOE
input register delays. The Quartus II Compiler can program these delays
to automatically minimize setup time while providing a zero hold time.
Programmable delays can increase the register-to-pin delays for output
registers. Table 12 shows the programmable delays for Cyclone devices.
Table 12. Cyclone Programmable Delay Chain
Programmable Delays
Quartus II Logic Option
Input pin to logic array delay
Input pin to input register delay
Output pin delay
Decrease input delay to internal cells
Decrease input delay to input registers
Increase delay to output pin
There are two paths in the IOE for a combinatorial input to reach the logic
array. Each of the two paths can have a different delay. This allows the
designer to adjust delays from the pin to internal LE registers that reside
in two different areas of the device. The designer sets the two
combinatorial input delays by selecting different delays for two different
paths under the Decrease input delay to internal cells logic option in the
Quartus II software. When the input signal requires two different delays
for the combinatorial input, the input register in the IOE is no longer
available.
The IOE registers in Cyclone devices share the same source for clear or
preset. The designer can program preset or clear for each individual IOE.
The designer can also program the registers to power up high or low after
configuration is complete. If programmed to power up low, an
asynchronous clear can control the registers. If programmed to power up
high, an asynchronous preset can control the registers. This feature
prevents the inadvertent activation of another device’s active-low input
upon power up. If one register in an IOE uses a preset or clear signal then
all registers in the IOE must use that same signal if they require preset or
clear. Additionally a synchronous reset signal is available to the designer
for the IOE registers.
External RAM Interfacing
Cyclone devices support DDR SDRAM and FCRAM interfaces at up to
133 MHz through dedicated circuitry.
Altera Corporation
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
DDR SDRAM & FCRAM
Cyclone devices have dedicated circuitry for interfacing with DDR
SDRAM. All I/O banks support DDR SDRAM and FCRAM I/O pins.
However, the configuration input pins in bank 1 must operate at 2.5 V
because the SSTL-2 VCCIO level is 2.5 V. Additionally, the configuration
output pins (nSTATUSand CONF_DONE) and all the JTAG pins in I/O
bank 3 must operate at 2.5 V because the VCCIO level of SSTL-2 is 2.5 V.
I/O banks 1, 2, 3, and 4 support DQS signals with DQ bus modes of ×8.
For ×8 mode, there are up to eight groups of programmable DQS and DQ
pins, I/O banks 1, 2, 3, and 4 each have two groups in the 324-pin and
400-pin FineLine BGA packages. Each group consists of one DQS pin, a set
of eight DQ pins, and one DM pin (see Figure 33). Each DQS pin drives the
set of eight DQ pins within that group.
Figure 33. Cyclone Device DQ & DQS Groups in ×8 Mode
Note (1)
Top, Bottom, Left, or Right I/O Bank
DQ Pins
DQS Pin
DM Pin
Note to Figure 33:
(1) Each DQ group consists of one DQS pin, eight DQ pins, and one DM pin.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 13 shows the number of DQ pin groups per device.
Table 13. DQ Pin Groups
Device Package
Number of ×8 DQ
Total DQ Pin
Count
Pin Groups
EP1C3
100-pin TQFP (1)
144-pin TQFP
3
4
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
24
32
64
64
32
32
32
32
32
64
64
64
EP1C4
EP1C6
324-pin FineLine BGA
400-pin FineLine BGA
144-pin TQFP
240-pin PQFP
256-pin FineLine BGA
240-pin PQFP
EP1C12
EP1C20
256-pin FineLine BGA
324-pin FineLine BGA
324-pin FineLine BGA
400-pin FineLine BGA
Note to Table 13:
(1) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not have any DQ pin groups in I/O
bank 1.
A programmable delay chain on each DQS pin allows for either a 90°
phase shift (for DDR SDRAM), or a 72° phase shift (for FCRAM) which
automatically center-aligns input DQS synchronization signals within the
data window of their corresponding DQ data signals. The phase-shifted
DQS signals drive the global clock network. This global DQS signal clocks
DQ signals on internal LE registers.
These DQS delay elements combine with the PLL’s clocking and phase
shift ability to provide a complete hardware solution for interfacing to
high-speed memory.
The clock phase shift allows the PLL to clock the DQ output enable and
output paths. The designer should use the following guidelines to meet
133 MHz performance for DDR SDRAM and FCRAM interfaces:
■
■
The DQS signal must be in the middle of the DQ group it clocks
Resynchronize the incoming data to the logic array clock using
successive LE registers or FIFO buffers
■
LE registers must be placed in the LAB adjacent to the DQ I/O pin
column it is fed by
Altera Corporation
53
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 34 illustrates DDR SDRAM and FCRAM interfacing from the I/O
through the dedicated circuitry to the logic array.
Figure 34. DDR SDRAM & FCRAM Interfacing
DQS
OE LE
Register
OE
DQ
OE
OE LE
Output LE
Register
Register
OE LE
Register
V
CC
Output LE
Registers
t
∆
clk
Adjacent
LAB LEs
OE LE
Register
Input LE
Registers
DataA
DataB
Output LE
Register
-90˚ clk
GND
Output LE
Registers
Input LE
Registers
Programmable
Delay Chain
PLL
Global Clock
Phase Shifted -90˚
LE
Register
LE
Register
Resynchronizing
Global Clock
Adjacent LAB LEs
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Programmable Drive Strength
The output buffer for each Cyclone device I/O pin has a programmable
drive strength control for certain I/O standards. The LVTTL and
LVCMOS standards have several levels of drive strength that the designer
can control. SSTL-3 class I and II, and SSTL-2 class I and II support a
minimum setting, the lowest drive strength that guarantees the IOH/IOL
of the standard. Using minimum settings provides signal slew rate control
to reduce system noise and signal overshoot. Table 14 shows the possible
settings for the I/O standards with drive strength control.
Table 14. Programmable Drive Strength
I/O Standard
IOH/IOL Current Strength Setting (mA)
LVTTL (3.3 V)
4
8
12
16
24
2
LVCMOS (3.3 V)
LVTTL (2.5 V)
4
8
12
2
8
12
16
2
LVTTL (1.8 V)
8
12
2
LVCMOS (1.5 V)
4
8
Open-Drain Output
Cyclone devices provide an optional open-drain (equivalent to an open-
collector) output for each I/O pin. This open-drain output enables the
device to provide system-level control signals (e.g., interrupt and write-
enable signals) that can be asserted by any of several devices.
Altera Corporation
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Slew-Rate Control
The output buffer for each Cyclone device I/O pin has a programmable
output slew-rate control that can be configured for low noise or high-
speed performance. A faster slew rate provides high-speed transitions for
high-performance systems. However, these fast transitions may introduce
noise transients into the system. A slow slew rate reduces system noise,
but adds a nominal delay to rising and falling edges. Each I/O pin has an
individual slew-rate control, allowing the designer to specify the slew rate
on a pin-by-pin basis. The slew-rate control affects both the rising and
falling edges.
Bus Hold
Each Cyclone device I/O pin provides an optional bus-hold feature. The
bus-hold circuitry can hold the signal on an I/O pin at its last-driven state.
Since the bus-hold feature holds the last-driven state of the pin until the
next input signal is present, an external pull-up or pull-down resistor is
not necessary to hold a signal level when the bus is tri-stated.
The bus-hold circuitry also pulls undriven pins away from the input
threshold voltage where noise can cause unintended high-frequency
switching. The designer can select this feature individually for each I/O
pin. The bus-hold output will drive no higher than VCCIO to prevent
overdriving signals. If the bus-hold feature is enabled, the device cannot
use the programmable pull-up option. Disable the bus-hold feature when
the I/O pin is configured for differential signals.
The bus-hold circuitry uses a resistor with a nominal resistance (RBH) of
approximately 7 kΩ to pull the signal level to the last-driven state.
Table 37 on page 72 gives the specific sustaining current for each VCCIO
voltage level driven through this resistor and overdrive current used to
identify the next-driven input level.
The bus-hold circuitry is only active after configuration. When going into
user mode, the bus-hold circuit captures the value on the pin present at
the end of configuration.
Programmable Pull-Up Resistor
Each Cyclone device I/O pin provides an optional programmable pull-up
resistor during user mode. If the designer enables this feature for an I/O
pin, the pull-up resistor (typically 25 kΩ) holds the output to the VCCIO
level of the output pin’s bank.
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Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Advanced I/O Standard Support
Cyclone device IOEs support the following I/O standards:
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.5-V LVCMOS
3.3-V PCI
LVDS
SSTL-2 class I and II
SSTL-3 class I and II
Differential SSTL-2 class II (on output clocks only)
Table 15 describes the I/O standards supported by Cyclone devices.
Table 15. Cyclone I/O Standards
I/O Standard
Type
Input Reference
Voltage (VREF) (V) Voltage (VCCIO
Output Supply
Board
Termination
)
(V)
Voltage (VTT) (V)
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.5-V LVCMOS
Single-ended
Single-ended
Single-ended
Single-ended
Single-ended
Differential
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.25
1.5
3.3
2.5
1.8
1.5
3.3
2.5
2.5
3.3
2.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.25
1.5
3.3-V PCI (1)
LVDS (2)
SSTL-2 class I and II
SSTL-3 class I and II
Differential SSTL-2 (3)
Voltage-referenced
Voltage-referenced
Differential
1.25
1.25
Notes to Table 15:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support PCI.
(2) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not support the LVDS I/O standard.
(3) This I/O standard is only available on output clock pins (PLL_OUTpins).
Cyclone devices contain four I/O banks, as shown in Figure 35. I/O banks
1 and 3 support all the I/O standards listed in Table 15. I/O banks 2 and
4 support all the I/O standards listed in Table 15 except the 3.3-V PCI
standard. I/O banks 2 and 4 contain dual-purpose DQS, DQ, and DM pins
to support a DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interface. I/O bank 1 can also
support a DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interface, however, the configuration
input pins in I/O bank 1 must operate at 2.5 V. I/O bank 3 can also
support a DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interface, however, all the JTAG pins
in I/O bank 3 must operate at 2.5 V.
Altera Corporation
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Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 35. Cyclone I/O Banks
Notes (1), (2)
I/O Bank 2
I/O Bank 1
Also Supports
the 3.3-V PCI
I/O Standard
I/O Bank 3
Also Supports
the 3.3-V PCI
I/O Standard
All I/O Banks Support
■ 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■ 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■ 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■ 1.5-V LVCMOS
I/O Bank 1
I/O Bank 3
■ LVDS
■ SSTL-2 Class I and II
■ SSTL-3 Class I and II
Individual
Power Bus
I/O Bank 4
Notes to Figure 35:
(1) Figure 35 is a top view of the silicon die.
(2) Figure 35 is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations.
Each I/O bank has its own VCCIOpins. A single device can support 1.5-V,
1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V interfaces; each individual bank can support a
different standard with different I/O voltages. Each bank also has dual-
purpose VREFpins to support any one of the voltage-referenced
standards (e.g., SSTL-3) independently. If an I/O bank does not use
voltage-referenced standards, the VREF pins are available as user I/O pins.
Each I/O bank can support multiple standards with the same VCCIO for
input and output pins. For example, when VCCIO is 3.3 V, a bank can
support LVTTL, LVCMOS, 3.3-V PCI, and SSTL-3 for inputs and outputs.
58
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
LVDS I/O Pins
A subset of pins in all four I/O banks supports LVDS interfacing. These
dual-purpose LVDS pins require an external-resistor network at the
transmitter channels in addition to 100-Ω termination resistors on receiver
channels. These pins do not contain dedicated serialization or
deserialization circuitry; therefore, internal logic performs serialization
and deserialization functions.
Table 16 shows the total number of supported LVDS channels per device
density.
Table 16. Cyclone Device LVDS Channels
Device
Pin Count
Number of LVDS Channels
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
100
144
324
400
144
240
256
240
256
324
324
400
(1)
34
103
129
29
72
72
EP1C12
EP1C20
66
72
103
95
129
Note to Table 16:
(1) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not support the LVDS I/O
standard.
MultiVolt I/O Interface
The Cyclone architecture supports the MultiVolt I/O interface feature,
which allows Cyclone devices in all packages to interface with systems of
different supply voltages. The devices have one set of VCC pins for
internal operation and input buffers (VCCINT), and four sets for I/O
output drivers (VCCIO).
Altera Corporation
59
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
The Cyclone VCCINT pins must always be connected to a 1.5-V power
supply. If the VCCINT level is 1.5 V, then input pins are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V,
and 3.3-V tolerant. The VCCIO pins can be connected to either a 1.5-V,
1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V power supply, depending on the output
requirements. The output levels are compatible with systems of the same
voltage as the power supply (i.e., when VCCIO pins are connected to a
1.5-V power supply, the output levels are compatible with 1.5-V systems).
When VCCIO pins are connected to a 3.3-V power supply, the output high
is 3.3 V and is compatible with 3.3-V or 5.0-V systems. Table 17
summarizes Cyclone MultiVolt I/O support.
Table 17. Cyclone MultiVolt I/O Support
Note (1)
VCCIO (V)
Input Signal
Output Signal
1.5 V 1.8 V 2.5 V 3.3 V 5.0 V 1.5 V 1.8 V 2.5 V 3.3 V 5.0 V
1.5
1.8
2.5
3.3
v
v
v
v (2) v (2)
v
v (3)
v
v
v
v
v
v
v (5) v (5)
v
v (4)
v (6) v (7) v (7) v (7)
v
v (8)
Notes to Table 17:
(1) The PCI clamping diode must be disabled to drive an input with voltages higher than V
.
CCIO
(2) When V
(3) When V
(4) When V
= 1.5 V and a 2.5- or 3.3-V input signal feeds an input pin, higher pin leakage current is expected.
= 1.8 V, a Cyclone device can drive a 1.5-V device with 1.8-V tolerant inputs.
CCIO
CCIO
CCIO
= 3.3 V and a 2.5-V input signal feeds an input pin, the V
supply current will be slightly larger
CCIO
than expected.
(5) When V = 2.5 V, a Cyclone device can drive a 1.5-V or 1.8-V device with 2.5-V tolerant inputs.
CCIO
(6) Cyclone devices can be 5.0-V tolerant with the use of an external resistor and the internal PCI clamp diode.
(7) When V
(8) When V
= 3.3 V, a Cyclone device can drive a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, or 2.5-V device with 3.3-V tolerant inputs.
= 3.3 V, a Cyclone device can drive a device with 5.0-V LVTTL inputs but not 5.0-V LVCMOS inputs.
CCIO
CCIO
Because Cyclone devices can be used in a mixed-voltage environment,
they have been designed specifically to tolerate any possible power-up
sequence. Therefore, the VCCIO and VCCINT power supplies may be
powered in any order.
Power
Sequencing &
Hot Socketing
Signals can be driven into Cyclone devices before and during power up
without damaging the device. In addition, Cyclone devices do not drive
out during power up. Once operating conditions are reached and the
device is configured, Cyclone devices operate as specified by the user.
All Cyclone devices provide JTAG BST circuitry that complies with the
IEEE Std. 1149.1a-1990 specification. JTAG boundary-scan testing can be
performed either before or after, but not during configuration. Cyclone
devices can also use the JTAG port for configuration together with either
the Quartus II software or hardware using either Jam Files (.jam) or Jam
Byte-Code Files (.jbc).
IEEE Std.
1149.1 (JTAG)
Boundary Scan
Support
60
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Cyclone devices support reconfiguring the I/O standard settings on the
IOE through the JTAG BST chain. The JTAG chain can update the I/O
standard for all input and output pins any time before or during user
mode. Designers can use this ability for JTAG testing before configuration
when some of the Cyclone pins drive or receive from other devices on the
board using voltage-referenced standards. Since the Cyclone device might
not be configured before JTAG testing, the I/O pins might not be
configured for appropriate electrical standards for chip-to-chip
communication. Programming those I/O standards via JTAG allows
designers to fully test I/O connection to other devices.
The JTAG pins support 1.5-V/1.8-V or 2.5-V/3.3-V I/O standards. The
TDO pin voltage is determined by the VCCIO of the bank where it resides.
The bank VCCIO selects whether the JTAG inputs are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or
3.3-V compatible.
Cyclone devices also use the JTAG port to monitor the operation of the
device with the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer. Cyclone devices
support the JTAG instructions shown in Table 18.
Altera Corporation
61
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 18. Cyclone JTAG Instructions
JTAG Instruction
Instruction Code
Description
SAMPLE/PRELOAD
00 0000 0101
Allows a snapshot of signals at the device pins to be captured and
examined during normal device operation, and permits an initial
data pattern to be output at the device pins. Also used by the
SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer.
EXTEST(1)
BYPASS
00 0000 0000
11 1111 1111
00 0000 0111
Allows the external circuitry and board-level interconnects to be
tested by forcing a test pattern at the output pins and capturing test
results at the input pins.
Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDIand TDOpins,
which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected
devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation.
USERCODE
Selects the 32-bit USERCODE register and places it between the
TDIand TDOpins, allowing the USERCODE to be serially shifted
out of TDO.
IDCODE
00 0000 0110
00 0000 1011
Selects the IDCODE register and places it between TDIand TDO,
allowing the IDCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO.
HIGHZ(1)
Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDIand TDOpins,
which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected
devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation, while
tri-stating all of the I/O pins.
CLAMP(1)
00 0000 1010
Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDIand TDOpins,
which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected
devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation while
holding I/O pins to a state defined by the data in the boundary-scan
register.
ICR instructions
Used when configuring a Cyclone device via the JTAG port with a
MasterBlasterTM or ByteBlasterMVTM download cable, or when
using a Jam File or Jam Byte-Code File via an embedded
processor.
PULSE_NCONFIG
CONFIG_IO
00 0000 0001
00 0000 1101
Emulates pulsing the nCONFIGpin low to trigger reconfiguration
even though the physical pin is unaffected.
Allows configuration of I/O standards through the JTAG chain for
JTAG testing. Can be executed before, after, or during
configuration. Stops configuration if executed during configuration.
Once issued, the CONFIG_IOinstruction will hold nSTATUSlow to
reset the configuration device. nSTATUSis held low until the device
is reconfigured.
SignalTap II
instructions
Monitors internal device operation with the SignalTap II embedded
logic analyzer.
Note to Table 18:
(1) Bus hold and weak pull-up resistor features override the high-impedance state of HIGHZ, CLAMP, and EXTEST.
62
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
The Cyclone device instruction register length is 10 bits and the
USERCODE register length is 32 bits. Tables 19 and 20 show the
boundary-scan register length and device IDCODE information for
Cyclone devices.
Table 19. Cyclone Boundary-Scan Register Length
Device
Boundary-Scan Register Length
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
339
930
582
774
930
Table 20. 32-Bit Cyclone Device IDCODE
Device
IDCODE (32 Bits) (1)
Version (4 Bits)
Part Number (16 Bits)
Manufacturer Identity
(11 Bits)
LSB (1 Bit) (2)
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0010 0000 1000 0001
0010 0000 1000 0101
0010 0000 1000 0010
0010 0000 1000 0011
0010 0000 1000 0100
000 0110 1110
000 0110 1110
000 0110 1110
000 0110 1110
000 0110 1110
1
1
1
1
1
Notes to Table 20:
(1) The most significant bit (MSB) is on the left.
(2) The IDCODE’s least significant bit (LSB) is always 1.
Altera Corporation
63
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 36 shows the timing requirements for the JTAG signals.
Figure 36. Cyclone JTAG Waveforms
TMS
TDI
tJCP
tJCH
t JCL
tJPH
tJPSU
TCK
TDO
tJPXZ
tJPZX
tJPCO
tJSSU
tJSH
Signal
to Be
Captured
tJSCO
tJSZX
tJSXZ
Signal
to Be
Driven
Table 21 shows the JTAG timing parameters and values for Cyclone
devices.
Table 21. Cyclone JTAG Timing Parameters & Values
Symbol
Parameter
Min Max Unit
tJCP
TCKclock period
TCKclock high time
TCKclock low time
100
50
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tJCH
tJCL
50
tJPSU
tJPH
JTAG port setup time
20
JTAG port hold time
45
tJPCO
tJPZX
tJPXZ
tJSSU
tJSH
JTAG port clock to output
25
25
25
JTAG port high impedance to valid output
JTAG port valid output to high impedance
Capture register setup time
20
45
Capture register hold time
tJSCO
tJSZX
tJSXZ
Update register clock to output
Update register high impedance to valid output
Update register valid output to high impedance
35
35
35
64
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
For more information on JTAG, see the following documents:
f
■
■
Application Note 39 (IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing in
Altera Devices)
Jam Programming & Test Language Specification
Cyclone devices feature the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer, which
monitors design operation over a period of time through the IEEE
Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) circuitry. A designer can analyze internal logic at speed
without bringing internal signals to the I/O pins. This feature is
particularly important for advanced packages, such as FineLine BGA
packages, because it can be difficult to add a connection to a pin during
the debugging process after a board is designed and manufactured.
SignalTap II
Embedded
Logic Analyzer
The logic, circuitry, and interconnects in the Cyclone architecture are
configured with CMOS SRAM elements. Cyclone devices are
reconfigurable and are 100% tested prior to shipment. As a result, the
designer does not have to generate test vectors for fault coverage
purposes, and can instead focus on simulation and design verification. In
addition, the designer does not need to manage inventories of different
ASIC designs. Cyclone devices can be configured on the board for the
specific functionality required.
Configuration
Cyclone devices are configured at system power-up with data stored in an
Altera configuration device or provided by a system controller. The
Cyclone device’s optimized interface allows the device to act as controller
in an active serial configuration scheme with the new low-cost serial
configuration device. Cyclone devices can be configured in under 120 ms
using serial data at 20 MHz. The serial configuration device can be
programmed via the ByteBlaster II download cable, the Altera
Programming Unit (APU), or third-party programmers.
In addition to the new low-cost serial configuration device, Altera offers
in-system programmability (ISP)-capable configuration devices that can
configure Cyclone devices via a serial data stream. The interface also
enables microprocessors to treat Cyclone devices as memory and
configure them by writing to a virtual memory location, making
reconfiguration easy. After a Cyclone device has been configured, it can
be reconfigured in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new data.
Real-time changes can be made during system operation, enabling
innovative reconfigurable computing applications.
Altera Corporation
65
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Operating Modes
The Cyclone architecture uses SRAM configuration elements that require
configuration data to be loaded each time the circuit powers up. The
process of physically loading the SRAM data into the device is called
configuration. During initialization, which occurs immediately after
configuration, the device resets registers, enables I/O pins, and begins to
operate as a logic device. Together, the configuration and initialization
processes are called command mode. Normal device operation is called
user mode.
SRAM configuration elements allow Cyclone devices to be reconfigured
in-circuit by loading new configuration data into the device. With real-
time reconfiguration, the device is forced into command mode with a
device pin. The configuration process loads different configuration data,
reinitializes the device, and resumes user-mode operation. Designers can
perform in-field upgrades by distributing new configuration files either
within the system or remotely.
A built-in weak pull-up resistor pulls all user I/O pins to VCCIO before
and during device configuration.
The configuration pins support 1.5-V/1.8-V or 2.5-V/3.3-V I/O standards.
The voltage level of the configuration output pins is determined by the
VCCIO of the bank where the pins reside. The bank VCCIO selects whether
the configuration inputs are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V compatible.
Configuration Schemes
Designers can load the configuration data for a Cyclone device with one
of three configuration schemes (see Table 22), chosen on the basis of the
target application. Designers can use a configuration device, intelligent
controller, or the JTAG port to configure a Cyclone device. A low-cost
configuration device can automatically configure a Cyclone device at
system power-up.
66
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Multiple Cyclone devices can be configured in any of the three
configuration schemes by connecting the configuration enable (nCE) and
configuration enable output (nCEO) pins on each device.
Table 22. Data Sources for Configuration
Configuration Scheme
Data Source
Active serial
Low-cost serial configuration device
Passive serial (PS)
Enhanced or EPC2 configuration device,
MasterBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable,
or serial data source
JTAG
MasterBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable
or a microprocessor with a Jam or JBC file
Cyclone devices are offered in both commercial and industrial grades.
However, industrial-grade devices may have limited speed-grade
availability.
Operating
Conditions
Tables 23 through 38 provide information on absolute maximum ratings,
recommended operating conditions, DC operating conditions, and
capacitance for Cyclone devices.
Table 23. Cyclone Device Absolute Maximum Ratings
Notes (1), (2)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCINT
VCCIO
VI
Supply voltage
With respect to ground (3)
–0.5
–0.5
–0.5
–25
–65
–65
2.4
4.6
4.6
25
V
V
DC input voltage
V
IOUT
TSTG
TAMB
TJ
DC output current, per pin
Storage temperature
Ambient temperature
Junction temperature
mA
° C
° C
° C
No bias
150
135
135
Under bias
BGA packages under bias
Altera Corporation
67
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 24. Cyclone Device Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCINT
Supply voltage for internal logic (4)
1.425
1.575
V
and input buffers
VCCIO
Supply voltage for output buffers, (4)
3.00
2.375
1.71
1.4
3.60
2.625
1.89
1.6
V
V
V
V
3.3-V operation
Supply voltage for output buffers, (4)
2.5-V operation
Supply voltage for output buffers, (4)
1.8-V operation
Supply voltage for output buffers, (4)
1.5-V operation
VI
Input voltage
(3), (5)
–0.5
0
4.1
VCCIO
85
V
V
VO
TJ
Output voltage
Operating junction temperature
For commercial
use
0
° C
For industrial use
–40
100
40
° C
ns
tR
tF
Input rise time
Input fall time
40
ns
Table 25. Cyclone Device DC Operating Conditions
Note (6)
Minimum
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Maximum
Unit
II
Input pin leakage
current
VI = VCCIOmax to 0 V
(7)
–10
10
µA
IOZ
Tri-stated I/O pin
leakage current
VO = VCCIOmax to 0 V
(7)
–10
10
µA
ICC0
VCC supply current VI = ground, no load,
(standby) (All M4K no toggling inputs
blocks in power-
10
mA
down mode)
RCONF
Value of I/O pin pull- VCCIO = 3.0 V (8)
20
30
60
50
80
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
up resistor before
and during
VCCIO = 2.375 V (8)
VCCIO = 1.71 V (8)
150
configuration
68
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 26. LVTTL Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
3.0
1.7
3.6
4.1
0.7
V
V
V
V
V
VIH
VIL
–0.5
2.4
VOH
VOL
IOH = –4 to –24 mA (9)
IOL = 4 to 24 mA (9)
0.45
Table 27. LVCMOS Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
3.0
1.7
3.6
4.1
0.7
V
V
V
V
VIH
VIL
–0.5
VOH
VCCIO = 3.0,
V
CCIO – 0.2
IOH = –0.1 mA
VOL
Low-level output voltage
VCCIO = 3.0,
IOL = 0.1 mA
0.2
V
Table 28. 2.5-V I/O Specifications
Note (9)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
2.375
1.7
2.625
4.1
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VIH
VIL
–0.5
2.1
0.7
VOH
IOH = –0.1 mA
IOH = –1 mA
2.0
IOH = –2 to –16 mA (9)
IOL = 0.1 mA
1.7
VOL
Low-level output voltage
0.2
0.4
0.7
IOH = 1 mA
IOH = 2 to 16 mA (9)
Altera Corporation
69
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 29. 1.8-V I/O Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
1.65
0.65 × VCCIO
–0.3
1.95
2.25
V
V
V
V
V
VIH
VIL
0.35 × VCCIO
VOH
VOL
IOH = –2 to –8 mA (9) VCCIO – 0.45
IOL = 2 to 8 mA (9)
0.45
Table 30. 1.5-V I/O Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
1.4
1.6
V
V
V
V
V
VIH
VIL
0.65 × VCCIO VCCIO + 0.3
–0.3
0.35 × VCCIO
VOH
VOL
IOH = –2 mA (9)
IOL = 2 mA (9)
0.75 × VCCIO
0.25 × VCCIO
Table 31. 2.5-V LVDS I/O Specifications
Note (10)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum Typical Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
I/O supply voltage
2.375
250
2.5
2.625
550
50
V
VOD
Differential output voltage RL = 100 Ω
mV
mV
∆ VOD
Change in VOD between
high and low
RL = 100 Ω
VOS
Output offset voltage
RL = 100 Ω
RL = 100 Ω
1.125
1.25
1.375
50
V
∆ VOS
Change in VOS between
high and low
mV
VTH
VIN
Differential input threshold VCM = 1.2 V
–100
0.0
100
2.4
mV
V
Receiver input voltage
range
RL
Receiver differential input
resistor
90
100
110
Ω
70
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 32. 3.3-V PCI Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum Typical Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
High-level input voltage
3.0
3.3
3.6
V
V
VIH
0.5 ×
VCCIO
0.5
+
VCCIO
VIL
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
–0.5
0.3 ×
V
V
V
VCCIO
VOH
VOL
IOUT = –500 µA
IOUT = 1,500 µA
0.9 ×
VCCIO
0.1 ×
VCCIO
Table 33. SSTL-2 Class I Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
Termination voltage
2.375
VREF – 0.04
1.15
2.5
2.625
VREF + 0.04
1.35
V
V
V
V
V
V
VTT
VREF
VIH
VREF
1.25
Reference voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
VREF + 0.18
–0.3
3.0
VIL
VREF – 0.18
VOH
IOH = –8.1 mA
VTT + 0.57
(9)
VOL
Low-level output voltage
IOL = 8.1 mA (9)
VTT – 0.57
V
Table 34. SSTL-2 Class II Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
Termination voltage
2.3
2.5
2.7
V
V
V
V
V
V
VTT
VREF
VIH
VREF – 0.04
1.15
VREF
1.25
VREF + 0.04
1.35
Reference voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
VREF + 0.18
–0.3
VCCIO + 0.3
VREF – 0.18
VIL
VOH
IOH = –16.4 mA
VTT + 0.76
(9)
VOL
Low-level output voltage
IOL = 16.4 mA (9)
VTT – 0.76
V
Altera Corporation
71
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 35. SSTL-3 Class I Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
Termination voltage
3.0
VREF – 0.05
1.3
3.3
VREF
1.5
3.6
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VTT
VREF
VIH
VREF + 0.05
1.7
Reference voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
VREF + 0.2
–0.3
VCCIO + 0.3
VREF – 0.2
VIL
VOH
VOL
IOH = –8 mA (9)
IOL = 8 mA (9)
VTT + 0.6
VTT – 0.6
Table 36. SSTL-3 Class II Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
VCCIO
Output supply voltage
Termination voltage
3.0
VREF – 0.05
1.3
3.3
VREF
1.5
3.6
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VTT
VREF
VIH
VREF + 0.05
1.7
Reference voltage
High-level input voltage
Low-level input voltage
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
VREF + 0.2
–0.3
VCCIO + 0.3
VREF – 0.2
VIL
VOH
VOL
IOH = –16 mA (9) VTT + 0.8
IOL = 16 mA (9)
VTT – 0.8
Table 37. Bus Hold Parameters
Parameter Conditions
VCCIO Level
1.8 V
Unit
1.5 V
Min Max
2.5 V
3.3 V
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Low sustaining VIN > VIL
current (maximum)
High sustaining VIN < VIH
current (minimum)
Low overdrive 0 V < VIN
current VCCIO
High overdrive 0 V < VIN
current VCCIO
30
50
70
µA
µA
µA
µA
–30
–50
–70
<
<
200
300
500
–200
–300
–500
72
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 38. Cyclone Device Capacitance
Note (11)
Symbol
Parameter
Typical
Unit
CIO
Input capacitance for user I/O pin
4.0
4.7
pF
pF
pF
pF
pF
CLVDS
CVREF
CDPCLK
CCLK
Input capacitance for dual-purpose LVDS/user I/O pin
Input capacitance for dual-purpose VREF/user I/O pin.
Input capacitance for dual-purpose DPCLK/user I/O pin.
Input capacitance for CLK pin.
12.0
4.4
4.7
Notes to Tables 23 – 38:
(1) See the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet.
(2) Conditions beyond those listed in Table 23 may cause permanent damage to a device. Additionally, device
operation at the absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time may have adverse affects on the device.
(3) Minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –0.5 V or overshoot to 4.6 V for input
currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns.
(4) Maximum V rise time is 100 ms, and V must rise monotonically.
CC
CC
(5) All pins, including dedicated inputs, clock, I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before V
powered.
and V
are
CCIO
CCINT
(6) Typical values are for T = 25° C, V
= 1.5 V, and V
= 1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V.
A
CCINT
CCIO
(7) This value is specified for normal device operation. The value may vary during power-up. This applies for all V
CCIO
settings (3.3, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.5 V).
(8) Pin pull-up resistance values will lower if an external source drives the pin higher than V
(9) Drive strength is programmable according to values in Table 14 on page 55.
.
CCIO
(10) The Cyclone LVDS interface requires a resistor network outside of the transmitter channels.
(11) Capacitance is sample-tested only. Capacitance is measured using time-domain reflections (TDR). Measurement
accuracy is within ±0.5 pF.
Detailed power consumption information for Cyclone devices will be
released when available.
Power
Consumption
The DirectDrive technology and MultiTrack interconnect ensure
Timing Model
predictable performance, accurate simulation, and accurate timing
analysis across all Cyclone device densities and speed grades. This section
describes and specifies the performance, internal, external, and PLL
timing specifications.
All specifications are representative of worst-case supply voltage and
junction temperature conditions.
Preliminary & Final Timing
Timing models can have either preliminary or final status. The Quartus II
software issues an informational message during the design compilation
if the timing models are preliminary. Table 39 shows the status of the
Cyclone device timing models.
Altera Corporation
73
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Preliminary status means the timing model is subject to change. Initially,
timing numbers are created using simulation results, process data, and
other known parameters. These tests are used to make the preliminary
numbers as close to the actual timing parameters as possible.
Final timing numbers are based on actual device operation and testing.
These numbers reflect the actual performance of the device under worst-
case voltage and junction temperature conditions.
Table 39. Cyclone Device Timing Model Status
Device
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
Preliminary
Final
v
v
v
v
v
Internal Timing Parameters
Internal timing parameters are specified on a speed grade basis
independent of device density. Tables 40 through 43 describe the Cyclone
device internal timing microparameters for LEs, IOEs, M4K memory
structures, and MultiTrack interconnects.
Table 40. LE Internal Timing Microparameter Descriptions
Symbol
Parameter
tSU
LE register setup time before clock
LE register hold time after clock
LE register clock-to-output delay
LE combinatorial LUT delay for data-in to data-out
Minimum clear pulse width
tH
tCO
tLUT
tCLR
tPRE
Minimum preset pulse width
tCLKHL
Minimum clock high or low time
74
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 41. IOE Internal Timing Microparameter Descriptions
Symbol
Parameter
tSU
tH
IOE input and output register setup time before clock
IOE input and output register hold time after clock
IOE input and output register clock-to-output delay
Row input pin to IOE combinatorial output
Column input pin to IOE combinatorial output
Row IOE data input to combinatorial output pin
Column IOE data input to combinatorial output pin
Minimum clear pulse width
tCO
tPIN2COMBOUT_R
tPIN2COMBOUT_C
tCOMBIN2PIN_R
tCOMBIN2PIN_C
tCLR
tPRE
Minimum preset pulse width
tCLKHL
Minimum clock high or low time
Table 42. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameter Descriptions
Symbol Parameter
tM4KRC
Synchronous read cycle time
tM4KWC
Synchronous write cycle time
tM4KWERESU
tM4KWEREH
tM4KBESU
Write or read enable setup time before clock
Write or read enable hold time after clock
Byte enable setup time before clock
Byte enable hold time after clock
tM4KBEH
tM4KDATAASU
tM4KDATAAH
tM4KADDRASU
tM4KADDRAH
tM4KDATABSU
tM4KDATABH
tM4KADDRBSU
tM4KADDRBH
tM4KDATACO1
tM4KDATACO2
tM4KCLKHL
A port data setup time before clock
A port data hold time after clock
A port address setup time before clock
A port address hold time after clock
B port data setup time before clock
B port data hold time after clock
B port address setup time before clock
B port address hold time after clock
Clock-to-output delay when using output registers
Clock-to-output delay without output registers
Minimum clock high or low time
tM4KCLR
Minimum clear pulse width
Altera Corporation
75
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 43. Routing Delay Internal Timing Microparameter Descriptions
Symbol Parameter
tR4
tC4
tLOCAL
Delay for an R4 line with average loading; covers a distance
of four LAB columns
Delay for an C4 line with average loading; covers a distance
of four LAB rows
Local interconnect delay
Figure 37 shows the memory waveforms for the M4K timing parameters
shown in Table 42.
Figure 37. Dual-Port RAM Timing Microparameter Waveform
wrclock
tWEREH
tWERESU
wren
tWADDRH
tWADDRSU
an-1
an
a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
wraddress
data-in
a6
tDATAH
din-1
din4
din5
din6
din
tDATASU
rdclock
tWEREH
tWERESU
rden
tRC
rdaddress
bn
b1
b2
b3
b0
tDATACO1
doutn-1
doutn
dout0
reg_data-out
doutn-2
tDATACO2
doutn
doutn-1
dout0
unreg_data-out
76
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Internal timing parameters are specified on a speed grade basis
independent of device density. Tables 44 through 47 show the internal
timing microparameters for LEs, IOEs, TriMatrix memory structures, DSP
blocks, and MultiTrack interconnects.
Table 44. LE Internal Timing Microparameters
Symbol
-6
-7
-8
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tSU
29
12
33
13
37
15
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
tH
tCO
tLUT
tCLR
tPRE
173
454
198
522
224
590
129
129
107
148
148
123
167
167
139
tCLKHL
Table 45. IOE Internal Timing Microparameters
Symbol -6 -7
-8
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tSU
tH
98
65
107
71
117
78
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
tCO
161
177
193
tPIN2COMBOUT_R
tPIN2COMBOUT_C
tCOMBIN2PIN_R
tCOMBIN2PIN_C
tCLR
1,107
1,112
2,776
2,764
1,217
1,223
3,053
3,040
1,328
1,334
3,331
3,316
280
280
95
308
308
104
336
336
114
tPRE
tCLKHL
Altera Corporation
77
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 46. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters
Symbol -6 -7
-8
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tM4KRC
4,379
2,910
5,035
3,346
5,691
3,783
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
tM4KWC
tM4KWERESU
tM4KWEREH
tM4KBESU
72
43
72
43
72
43
72
43
72
43
72
43
82
49
82
49
82
49
82
49
82
49
82
49
93
55
93
55
93
55
93
55
93
55
93
55
tM4KBEH
tM4KDATAASU
tM4KDATAAH
tM4KADDRASU
tM4KADDRAH
tM4KDATABSU
tM4KDATABH
tM4KADDRBSU
tM4KADDRBH
tM4KDATACO1
tM4KDATACO2
tM4KCLKHL
tM4KCLR
621
714
807
4,351
5,003
5,656
105
286
120
328
136
371
Table 47. Routing Delay Internal Timing Microparameters
Symbol -6 -7
-8
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tR4
tC4
tLOCAL
261
338
244
300
388
281
339
439
318
ps
ps
ps
External Timing Parameters
External timing parameters are specified by device density and speed
grade. Figure 38 shows the timing model for bidirectional IOE pin timing.
All registers are within the IOE.
78
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 38. External Timing in Cyclone Devices
OE Register
PRN
D
Q
t
t
t
t
t
XZ
Dedicated
Clock
ZX
INSU
INH
CLRN
OUTCO
Output Register
PRN
Bidirectional
Pin
D
Q
CLRN
Input Register
PRN
D
Q
CLRN
All external I/O timing parameters shown are for 3.3-V LVTTL I/O
standard with the maximum current strength and fast slew rate. For
external I/O timing using standards other than LVTTL or for different
current strengths, use the I/O standard input and output delay adders in
Tables 59 through 63.
Altera Corporation
79
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 48 shows the external I/O timing parameters when using global
clock networks.
Table 48. Cyclone Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Notes (1), (2)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
tINSU
Setup time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by CLKpin
tINH
Hold time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by CLKpin
tOUTCO
tXZ
Clock-to-output delay output or bidirectional pin using IOE CLOAD = 10 pF
output register with global clock fed by CLKpin
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
CLOAD = 10 pF
CLOAD = 10 pF
pin disable delay using global clock fed by CLKpin
tZX
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin enable delay using global clock fed by CLKpin
tINSUPLL
Setup time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by Enhanced PLL with default
phase setting
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
Hold time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by enhanced PLL with default
phase setting
Clock-to-output delay output or bidirectional pin using IOE CLOAD = 10 pF
output register with global clock enhanced PLL with default
phase setting
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin disable delay using global clock fed by enhanced PLL
with default phase setting
CLOAD = 10 pF
tZXPLL
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin enable delay using global clock fed by enhanced PLL
with default phase setting
CLOAD = 10 pF
Notes to Table 48:
(1) These timing parameters are sample-tested only.
(2) These timing parameters are for IOE pins using a 3.3-V LVTTL, 24-mA setting. Designers should use the Quartus II
software to verify the external timing for any pin.
80
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Tables 49 through 50 show the external timing parameters on column and
row pins for EP1C3 devices.
Table 49. EP1C3 Column Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.496
0.000
2.000
2.715
0.000
2.000
2.935
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.656
5.283
5.283
4.049
5.840
5.840
4.445
6.398
6.398
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.195
0.000
0.500
3.527
3.527
1.308
0.000
0.500
3.885
3.885
1.421
0.000
0.500
4.244
4.244
1.900
2.094
2.291
Table 50. EP1C3 Row Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.574
0.000
2.000
2.806
0.000
2.000
3.041
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.561
5.147
5.147
3.939
5.684
5.684
4.319
6.223
6.223
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.273
0.000
0.500
3.391
3.391
1.399
0.000
0.500
3.729
3.729
1.527
0.000
0.500
4.069
4.069
1.805
1.984
2.165
Altera Corporation
81
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Tables 51 through 52 show the external timing parameters on column and
row pins for EP1C4 devices.
Table 51. EP1C4 Column Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters (1)
Symbol
-6 Speed Grade
Min Max
-7 Speed Grade
Min Max
-8 Speed Grade
Min Max
Unit
tINSU
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
Table 52. EP1C4 Row Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters (1)
Symbol
-6 Speed Grade
Min Max
-7 Speed Grade
Min Max
-8 Speed Grade
Min Max
Unit
tINSU
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
Note to Tables 51 and 52:
(1) Contact Altera Applications for EP1C4 device timing parameters.
82
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Tables 53 through 54 show the external timing parameters on column and
row pins for EP1C6 devices.
Table 53. EP1C6 Column Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.432
0.000
2.000
2.643
0.000
2.000
2.853
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.720
5.347
5.347
4.121
5.912
5.912
4.527
6.480
6.480
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.188
0.000
0.500
3.534
3.534
1.301
0.000
0.500
3.892
3.892
1.414
0.000
0.500
4.251
4.251
1.907
2.101
2.298
Table 54. EP1C6 Row Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.517
0.000
2.000
2.741
0.000
2.000
2.966
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.618
5.204
5.204
4.004
5.749
5.749
4.394
6.298
6.298
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.273
0.000
0.500
3.391
3.391
1.399
0.000
0.500
3.729
3.729
1.527
0.000
0.500
4.069
4.069
1.805
1.984
2.165
Altera Corporation
83
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Tables 55 through 56 show the external timing parameters on column and
row pins for EP1C12 devices.
Table 55. EP1C12 Column Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.187
0.000
2.000
2.363
0.000
2.000
2.535
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.965
5.592
5.592
4.401
6.192
6.192
4.845
6.798
6.798
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.152
0.000
0.500
3.570
3.570
1.260
0.000
0.500
3.933
3.933
1.368
0.000
0.500
4.297
4.297
1.943
2.142
2.344
Table 56. EP1C12 Row Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.308
0.000
2.000
2.502
0.000
2.000
2.694
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.827
5.413
5.413
4.243
5.988
5.988
4.666
6.570
6.570
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.273
0.000
0.500
3.391
3.391
1.399
0.000
0.500
3.729
3.729
1.527
0.000
0.500
4.069
4.069
1.805
1.984
2.165
84
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Tables 57 through 58 show the external timing parameters on column and
row pins for EP1C20 devices.
Table 57. EP1C20 Column Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.226
0.000
2.000
2.406
0.000
2.000
2.585
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.926
5.553
5.553
4.358
6.149
6.149
4.795
6.748
6.748
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.138
0.000
0.500
3.584
3.584
1.244
0.000
0.500
3.949
3.949
1.349
0.000
0.500
4.316
4.316
1.957
2.158
2.363
Table 58. EP1C20 Row Pin Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
tINSU
2.361
0.000
2.000
2.561
0.000
2.000
2.763
0.000
2.000
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tINH
tOUTCO
tXZ
3.774
5.360
5.360
4.184
5.929
5.929
4.597
6.501
6.501
tZX
tINSUPLL
tINHPLL
tOUTCOPLL
tXZPLL
tZXPLL
1.273
0.000
0.500
3.391
3.391
1.399
0.000
0.500
3.729
3.729
1.527
0.000
0.500
4.069
4.069
1.805
1.984
2.165
External I/O Delay Parameters
External I/O delay timing parameters for I/O standard input and output
adders and programmable input and output delays are specified by speed
grade independent of device density.
Altera Corporation
85
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Tables 59 through 64 show the adder delays associated with column and
row I/O pins for all packages. If an I/O standard is selected other than
LVTTL 24 mA with a fast slew rate, add the selected delay to the external
tCO and tSU I/O parameters shown in Tables 44 through 47.
Table 59. Cyclone I/O Standard Column Pin Input Delay Adders
I/O Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
LVCMOS
0
0
0
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
3.3-V LVTTL
2.5-V LVTTL
1.8-V LVTTL
1.5-V LVTTL
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
0
0
0
28
30
33
214
326
−221
−221
−264
−264
−197
235
358
−244
−244
−291
−291
−217
256
391
−266
−266
−317
−317
−237
Table 60. Cyclone I/O Standard Row Pin Input Delay Adders
I/O Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
LVCMOS
0
0
0
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
3.3-V LVTTL
2.5-V LVTTL
1.8-V LVTTL
1.5-V LVTTL
3.3-V PCI (1)
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
0
0
0
28
30
33
214
326
0
235
358
0
256
391
0
−221
−221
−264
−264
−197
−244
−244
−291
−291
−217
−266
−266
−317
−317
−237
86
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 61. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Fast Slew Rate on Column Pins
Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
LVCMOS
2 mA
1,105
601
137
0
1,216
661
151
0
1,326
721
164
0
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
4 mA
8 mA
12 mA
4 mA
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
24 mA
2 mA
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
2 mA
8 mA
12 mA
2 mA
4 mA
8 mA
3.3-V LVTTL
1,105
740
130
178
0
1,216
814
143
196
0
1,326
888
156
213
0
2.5-V LVTTL
1,504
307
338
195
1,062
812
812
2,556
1,613
1,064
616
180
528
233
147
1,654
338
372
214
1,168
893
893
2,812
1,774
1,170
678
198
581
256
162
1,804
368
405
234
1,274
974
974
3,067
1,935
1,276
739
216
633
279
176
1.8-V LVTTL
1.5-V LVTTL
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
Table 62. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Fast Slew Rate on Row Pins (Part 1 of 2)
Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
LVCMOS
2 mA
1,105
601
137
0
1,216
661
151
0
1,326
721
164
0
ps
ps
ps
ps
4 mA
8 mA
12 mA
Altera Corporation
87
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 62. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Fast Slew Rate on Row Pins (Part 2 of 2)
Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
3.3-V LVTTL
4 mA
1,105
740
1,216
814
1,326
888
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
24 mA
2 mA
130
143
156
178
196
213
0
0
0
2.5-V LVTTL
1,504
307
1,654
338
1,804
368
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
2 mA
338
372
405
195
214
234
1.8-V LVTTL
1.5-V LVTTL
2,556
1,062
812
2,812
1,168
893
3,067
1,274
974
8 mA
12 mA
2 mA
2,556
1,613
1,064
−8
2,812
1,774
1,170
−9
3,067
1,935
1,276
−10
4 mA
8 mA
3.3-V PCI (1)
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
616
678
739
180
198
216
528
581
633
233
256
279
147
162
176
Table 63. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Slow Slew Rate on Column Pins (Part 1 of 2)
I/O Standard
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
LVCMOS
2 mA
2,288
1,784
1,320
1,183
2,760
2,395
1,785
1,833
1,655
2,517
1,962
1,452
1,301
3,036
2,634
1,963
2,016
1,820
2,745
2,140
1,583
1,419
3,312
2,874
2,142
2,199
1,986
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
4 mA
8 mA
12 mA
4 mA
3.3-V LVTTL
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
24 mA
88
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 63. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Slow Slew Rate on Column Pins (Part 2 of 2)
I/O Standard
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
2.5-V LVTTL
2 mA
3,643
2,446
2,477
2,334
6,606
5,112
4,862
8,380
7,437
6,888
1,799
1,363
2,115
1,820
1,330
4,006
2,690
2,724
2,566
7,267
5,623
5,348
9,218
8,180
7,576
1,979
1,499
2,326
2,001
1,463
4,370
2,934
2,971
2,800
7,927
6,134
5,834
10,055
8,923
8,264
2,158
1,635
2,537
2,183
1,595
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
2 mA
8 mA
12 mA
2 mA
4 mA
8 mA
1.8-V LVTTL
1.5-V LVTTL
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
Table 64. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Slow Slew Rate on Row Pins (Part 1 of 2)
I/O Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
LVCMOS
2 mA
2,288
1,784
1,320
1,183
2,760
2,395
1,785
1,833
1,655
3,643
2,446
2,477
2,334
2,517
1,962
1,452
1,301
3,036
2,634
1,963
2,016
1,820
4,006
2,690
2,724
2,566
2,745
2,140
1,583
1,419
3,312
2,874
2,142
2,199
1,986
4,370
2,934
2,971
2,800
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
4 mA
8 mA
12 mA
4 mA
3.3-V LVTTL
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
24 mA
2 mA
2.5-V LVTTL
8 mA
12 mA
16 mA
Altera Corporation
89
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 64. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Slow Slew Rate on Row Pins (Part 2 of 2)
I/O Standard -6 Speed Grade -7 Speed Grade -8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
1.8-V LVTTL
1.5-V LVTTL
2 mA
6,606
5,112
4,862
8,380
7,437
6,888
1,175
1,799
1,363
2,115
1,820
1,330
7,267
5,623
5,348
9,218
8,180
7,576
1,292
1,979
1,499
2,326
2,001
1,463
7,927
6,134
5,834
10,055
8,923
8,264
1,409
2,158
1,635
2,537
2,183
1,595
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
8 mA
12 mA
2 mA
4 mA
8 mA
3.3-V PCI
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
Note to Tables 59 − 64:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support the PCI I/O standard.
Table 65 shows the adder delays for the IOE programmable delays. These
delays are controlled with the Quartus II software options listed in the
Parameter column.
Table 65. Cyclone IOE Programmable Delays on Column Pins
Parameter
Setting
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Decrease input delay to On
3,057
2,212
2,639
3,057
3,057
3,362
2,433
2,902
3,362
3,362
3,668
2,654
3,166
3,668
3,668
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
internal cells
Small
Medium
Large
Decrease input delay to On
input register
Increase delay to output On
pin
552
607
662
ps
90
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 66. Cyclone IOE Programmable Delays on Row Pins
Parameter
Setting
-6 Speed Grade
-7 Speed Grade
-8 Speed Grade
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Decrease input delay to On
3,057
2,212
2,639
3,057
3,057
3,362
2,433
2,902
3,362
3,362
3,668
2,654
3,166
3,668
3,668
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
internal cells
Small
Medium
Large
Decrease input delay to On
input register
Increase delay to output On
pin
556
611
667
ps
Maximum Input & Output Clock Rates
Tables 67 and 68 show the maximum input clock rate for column and row
pins in Cyclone devices.
Table 67. Cyclone Maximum Input Clock Rate for Column Pins
I/O Standard
-6 Speed
Grade
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
LVTTL
2.5 V
1.8 V
1.5 V
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
231
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
231
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
231
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
LVCMOS
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
Altera Corporation
91
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Table 68. Cyclone Maximum Input Clock Rate for Row Pins
I/O Standard
-6 Speed
Grade
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
LVTTL
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
66
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
66
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
66
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
2.5 V
1.8 V
1.5 V
LVCMOS
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
3.3-V PCI (1)
LVDS
231
231
231
Note to Tables 67 − 68:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support the PCI I/O standard. These parameters are only
available on row I/O pins.
Tables 69 and 70 show the maximum output clock rate for column and
row pins in Cyclone devices.
Table 69. Cyclone Maximum Output Clock Rate for Column Pins
I/O Standard
-6 Speed
Grade
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
LVTTL
2.5 V
1.8 V
1.5 V
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
231
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
231
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
231
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
LVCMOS
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
LVDS
92
Altera Corporation
Preliminary Information
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 70. Cyclone Maximum Output Clock Rate for Row Pins
I/O Standard
-6 Speed
Grade
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
LVTTL
2.5 V
1.8 V
1.5 V
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
66
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
66
304
220
213
166
304
100
100
134
134
66
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
LVCMOS
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
3.3-V PCI (1)
LVDS
231
231
231
Note to Tables 69 − 70:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support the PCI I/O standard. These parameters are only
available on row I/O pins.
Cyclone devices are supported by the Altera Quartus II design software,
which provides a comprehensive environment for system-on-a-
programmable-chip (SOPC) design. The Quartus II software includes
HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full
simulation and advanced timing analysis, SignalTap II logic analysis, and
device configuration. See the Design Software Selector Guide for more
details on the Quartus II software features.
Software
The Quartus II software supports the Windows 2000/NT/98, Sun Solaris,
Linux Red Hat v7.1 and HP-UX operating systems. It also supports
seamless integration with industry-leading EDA tools through the
NativeLink® interface.
Device pin-outs for Cyclone devices are available on the Altera web site
(http://www.altera.com).
Device Pin-
Outs
Figure 39 describes the ordering codes for Cyclone devices. For more
information on a specific package, refer to the Altera Device Package
Information Data Sheet.
Ordering
Information
Altera Corporation
93
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Preliminary Information
Figure 39. Cyclone Device Packaging Ordering Information
EP1C
20
F
400
C
7
ES
Family Signature
Optional Suffix
EP1C: Cyclone
Indicates specific device options or
shipment method.
ES: Engineering sample
Device Type
3
4
Speed Grade
6, 7, or 8 , with 6 being the fastest
6
12
20
Operating Temperature
Package Type
C: Commercial temperature (t = 0˚ C to 85˚ C)
J
I: Industrial temperature (t = -40˚ C to 100˚ C)
J
T: Thin quad flat pack (TQFP)
Pin Count
Number of pins for a particular package
Q: Plastic quad flat pack (PQFP)
F: FineLine BGA
The information contained in the Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
version 1.1 supersedes information published in previous versions. The
following changes were made to the Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
version 1.1:
Revision
History
■
■
■
Added the EP1C4 device.
Updated the “Timing Model” section.
Minor textual updates throughout the document.
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Altera Corporation
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