X3C26E2-03P [ANAREN]
30 dB Directional Coupler;
| 型号： | X3C26E2-03P |
| 厂家： | 
ANAREN MICROWAVE |
| 描述： | 30 dB Directional Coupler |
| 文件： | 总22页 (文件大小：671K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
30 dB Directional Coupler
ꢀ
ꢀ
Descriptionꢀ
TheꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30Sꢀisꢀaꢀlowꢀprofile,ꢀhighꢀperformanceꢀ30dBꢀdirectionalꢀ
couplerꢀ inꢀ aꢀ newꢀ easyꢀ toꢀ use,ꢀ manufacturingꢀ friendlyꢀ surfaceꢀ mountꢀ
package.ꢀ Itꢀ isꢀ designedꢀ forꢀ WIMAXꢀ andꢀ LTEꢀ bandꢀ applications.ꢀ Theꢀ
X3C26P1ꢁ30Sꢀ isꢀ designedꢀ particularlyꢀ forꢀ powerꢀ andꢀ frequencyꢀ
detection,ꢀ asꢀ wellꢀ asꢀ forꢀ VSWRꢀ monitoring,ꢀ whereꢀ tightlyꢀ controlledꢀ
couplingꢀandꢀlowꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀisꢀrequired.ꢀItꢀcanꢀbeꢀusedꢀinꢀhighꢀpowerꢀ
applicationsꢀupꢀtoꢀ200ꢀWatts.ꢀ
ꢀ
Partsꢀhaveꢀbeenꢀsubjectedꢀtoꢀrigorousꢀqualificationꢀtestingꢀandꢀtheyꢀareꢀ
manufacturedꢀ usingꢀ materialsꢀ withꢀ coefficientsꢀ ofꢀ thermalꢀ expansionꢀ
(CTE)ꢀcompatibleꢀwithꢀcommonꢀsubstratesꢀsuchꢀasꢀFR4,ꢀGꢁ10,ꢀRFꢁ35,ꢀ
RO4003ꢀ andꢀ polyimide.ꢀ Producedꢀ withꢀ 6ꢀ ofꢀ 6ꢀ RoHSꢀ compliantꢀ tinꢀ
immersionꢀfinish
Electrical Specifications **
Features:
Mean
Coupling
Insertion
Loss
Frequency
VSWR
Directivity
•ꢀ 2300 - 2900 MHz
•ꢀ WIMAX and LTE
•ꢀ High Power
•ꢀ Very Low Loss
•ꢀ Tight Coupling
•ꢀ High Directivity
•ꢀ Production Friendly
•ꢀ Tape and Reel
•ꢀ Lead Free
MHz
dB
dB Max
Max : 1
dB Min
ꢀ
ꢀ
2300ꢀ–ꢀ2900ꢀ 30.0ꢀ±ꢀ1.00ꢀ
0.10ꢀ
0.05ꢀ
1.15ꢀ
1.12ꢀ
20ꢀ
22ꢀ
2500ꢀ–ꢀ2700ꢀ
30.0ꢀ±ꢀ0.80ꢀ
Frequency
Sensitivity
Operating
Temp.
Power
ΘJC
Avg. CW
Watts
dB Max
ºC/Watt
ºC
ꢀ
ꢀ
±ꢀ0.25ꢀ
±ꢀ0.10ꢀ
200
200ꢀ
30
30ꢀ
ꢁ55ꢀtoꢀ+95ꢀ
ꢁ55ꢀtoꢀ+95ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
**SpecificationꢀbasedꢀonꢀperformanceꢀofꢀunitꢀproperlyꢀinstalledꢀonꢀAnarenꢀTestꢀBoardꢀ61015ꢁ0001.ꢀꢀReferꢀtoꢀ
Specificationsꢀsubjectꢀtoꢀchangeꢀwithoutꢀnotice.ꢀꢀReferꢀtoꢀparameterꢀdefinitionsꢀforꢀdetails.ꢀ
Mechanical Outline
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀ
andꢀReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀ
PlaceꢀManufacturing.
Europe:ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Directional Coupler Pin Configuration
TheꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30SꢀhasꢀanꢀorientationꢀmarkerꢀtoꢀdenoteꢀPinꢀ1.ꢀꢀOnceꢀportꢀoneꢀhasꢀbeenꢀidentifiedꢀtheꢀotherꢀportsꢀareꢀ
knownꢀautomatically.ꢀꢀPleaseꢀseeꢀtheꢀchartꢀbelowꢀforꢀclarification:ꢀꢀ
ꢀ
30dB Coupler Pin Configuration
Pin 1
Inputꢀ
Directꢀ
Pin 2
Directꢀ
Inputꢀ
Pin 3
Isolatedꢀ
Coupledꢀ
Pin 4
Coupledꢀ
Isolatedꢀ
Note:ꢀTheꢀdirectꢀportꢀhasꢀaꢀDCꢀconnectionꢀtoꢀtheꢀinputꢀportꢀandꢀtheꢀcoupledꢀportꢀhasꢀaꢀDCꢀconnectionꢀtoꢀtheꢀ
isolatedꢀport.ꢀꢀ
ForꢀoptimumꢀILꢀandꢀpowerꢀhandlingꢀperformance,ꢀuseꢀPinꢀ1ꢀorꢀPinꢀ2ꢀasꢀinputs.ꢀꢀ
ꢀꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
Europe:
ꢀ(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀandꢀ
ReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀPlaceꢀ
Manufacturing.
ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
Insertion Loss and Power Derating Curves
TypicalꢀInsertionꢀLossꢀDeratingꢀCurveꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30
0
X3C26P1ꢁ30ꢀPowerꢀDeratingꢀCurve
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
typicalꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀ(f=2700Mhz)
typicalꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀ(f=2900Mhz)
ꢁ0.005
2300ꢀꢁꢀ2900Mhz
ꢁ0.01
ꢁ0.015
ꢁ0.02
ꢁ0.025
ꢁ0.03
0
95
ꢁ100
ꢁ50
0
50
100
150
200
0
50
100
150
200
MountingꢀInterfaceꢀTemperatureꢀ(oC)
TemperatureꢀofꢀtheꢀPartꢀ(oC)
Insertion Loss Derating:
Power Derating:
Theꢀ insertionꢀ loss,ꢀ atꢀ aꢀ givenꢀ frequency,ꢀ ofꢀ aꢀ groupꢀ ofꢀ Theꢀ powerꢀ handlingꢀ andꢀ correspondingꢀ powerꢀ deratingꢀ
plotsꢀ areꢀ aꢀ functionꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ thermalꢀ resistance,ꢀ mountingꢀ
surfaceꢀ temperatureꢀ (baseꢀ plateꢀ temperature),ꢀ maximumꢀ
continuousꢀoperatingꢀtemperatureꢀofꢀtheꢀcoupler,ꢀandꢀtheꢀ
thermalꢀ insertionꢀ loss.ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ thermalꢀ insertionꢀ lossꢀ isꢀ
definedꢀinꢀtheꢀPowerꢀHandlingꢀsectionꢀofꢀtheꢀdataꢀsheet.ꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Asꢀ theꢀ mountingꢀ interfaceꢀ temperatureꢀ approachesꢀ theꢀ
maximumꢀ continuousꢀ operatingꢀ temperature,ꢀ theꢀ powerꢀ
handlingꢀdecreasesꢀtoꢀzero.ꢀ
couplersꢀ isꢀ measuredꢀ atꢀ 25°Cꢀ andꢀ thenꢀ averaged.ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ
measurementsꢀ areꢀ performedꢀ underꢀ smallꢀ signalꢀ
conditionsꢀ (i.e.ꢀ usingꢀ aꢀ Vectorꢀ Networkꢀ Analyzer).ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ
processꢀisꢀrepeatedꢀatꢀ85°Cꢀandꢀ150°C.ꢀꢀAꢀbestꢁfitꢀlineꢀforꢀ
theꢀ measuredꢀ dataꢀ isꢀ computedꢀ andꢀ thenꢀ plottedꢀ fromꢀ ꢁ
55°Cꢀtoꢀ150°C.ꢀ
ꢀ
Ifꢀ mountingꢀ temperatureꢀ isꢀ greaterꢀ thanꢀ 95°C,ꢀ Xingerꢀ
couplerꢀwillꢀperformꢀreliablyꢀasꢀlongꢀasꢀtheꢀinputꢀpowerꢀisꢀ
deratedꢀtoꢀtheꢀcurveꢀabove.
ꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀ
andꢀReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀ
PlaceꢀManufacturing.
Europe:ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Typical Performance (-55°C, 25°C and 95°C): 2300-2900 MHz
ReturnꢀLossꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport1)
ReturnꢀLossꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport2)
0
ꢁ10
ꢁ20
ꢁ30
ꢁ40
ꢁ50
ꢁ60
ꢁ70
ꢀ
0
ꢁ10
ꢁ20
ꢁ30
ꢁ40
ꢁ50
ꢁ60
ꢁ70
ꢀ
25ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
25ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
ꢀ
ꢀ
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
ReturnꢀLossꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport3)
ReturnꢀLossꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport4)
0
ꢀ
0
ꢀ
25ºC
25ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
ꢁ10
ꢁ10
ꢁ20
ꢁ30
ꢁ40
ꢁ50
ꢁ60
ꢁ70
ꢁ20
ꢁ30
ꢁ40
ꢁ50
ꢁ60
ꢁ70
ꢀ
ꢀ
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
Europe:
ꢀ(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀandꢀ
ReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀPlaceꢀ
Manufacturing.
ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Typical Performance (-55°C, 25°C and 95°C): 2300-2900MHz
CouplingꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport1)
DirectivityꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport1)
ꢀ
ꢁ29
ꢁ29.2
ꢁ29.4
ꢁ29.6
ꢁ29.8
ꢁ30
ꢀ
0
ꢁ10
ꢁ20
ꢁ30
ꢁ40
ꢁ50
ꢁ60
25ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
25ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
ꢁ30.2
ꢁ30.4
ꢁ30.6
ꢁ30.8
ꢁ31
ꢀ
ꢀ
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
InsertionꢀLossꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport1)
TransmissionꢀLossꢀforꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30S(Feedingꢀport1)
0
ꢀ
0
ꢀ
25ºC
25ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
ꢁ55ºC
95ºC
ꢁ0.02
ꢁ0.02
ꢁ0.04
ꢁ0.06
ꢁ0.08
ꢁ0.1
ꢁ0.04
ꢁ0.06
ꢁ0.08
ꢁ0.1
ꢁ0.12
ꢁ0.14
ꢁ0.16
ꢁ0.18
ꢁ0.2
ꢁ0.12
ꢁ0.14
ꢁ0.16
ꢁ0.18
ꢁ0.2
ꢀ
ꢀ
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
Frequencyꢀ(Mhz)
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀ
andꢀReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀ
PlaceꢀManufacturing.
Europe:ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Definition of Measured Specifications
Parameter
Definition
Mathematical Representation
V
max
Theꢀimpedanceꢀmatchꢀofꢀ
theꢀcouplerꢀtoꢀaꢀ50ꢀꢀ
system.ꢀAꢀVSWRꢀofꢀ1:1ꢀisꢀ
optimal.ꢀ
VSWRꢀ=ꢀ
ꢀ
V
min
VSWR
Vmaxꢀ=ꢀvoltageꢀmaximaꢀofꢀaꢀstandingꢀwaveꢀ
(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
Vminꢀ=ꢀvoltageꢀminimaꢀofꢀaꢀstandingꢀwaveꢀ
ꢀ
Theꢀimpedanceꢀmatchꢀofꢀ
theꢀcouplerꢀtoꢀaꢀ50ꢀꢀ
system.ꢀꢀReturnꢀLossꢀisꢀ
anꢀalternateꢀmeansꢀtoꢀ
expressꢀVSWR.ꢀ
VSWR +1
VSWR -1
Return Loss
ReturnꢀLossꢀ(dB)=ꢀ20logꢀ
ꢀꢀ
Atꢀaꢀgivenꢀfrequencyꢀ(ωn),ꢀ
couplingꢀisꢀtheꢀinputꢀ
P (ωn
)
in
Couplingꢀ(dB)ꢀ=ꢀ
ꢀꢀ
C(ω
n ) = 10log
P (ωn
)
cpl
powerꢀdividedꢀbyꢀtheꢀ
powerꢀatꢀtheꢀcoupledꢀ
port.ꢀꢀMeanꢀcouplingꢀisꢀ
theꢀaverageꢀvalueꢀofꢀtheꢀ
couplingꢀvaluesꢀinꢀtheꢀ
band.ꢀꢀNꢀisꢀtheꢀnumberꢀofꢀ
frequenciesꢀinꢀtheꢀband.ꢀ
ꢀ
Mean Coupling
N
C(ωn
)
∑
n=1
MeanꢀCouplingꢀ(dB)ꢀ=ꢀ
ꢀ
N
Theꢀinputꢀpowerꢀdividedꢀ
byꢀtheꢀsumꢀofꢀtheꢀpowerꢀ
atꢀtheꢀtwoꢀoutputꢀports.ꢀ
Theꢀinputꢀpowerꢀdividedꢀ
byꢀtheꢀpowerꢀatꢀtheꢀdirectꢀ
port.ꢀ
P
in
10logꢀ
ꢀ
Insertion Loss
P
cpl +
P
direct
P
in
Transmission Loss
10logꢀ
ꢀ
P
direct
Theꢀpowerꢀatꢀtheꢀꢀ
P
Directivity
10logꢀ cpl ꢀ
coupledꢀportꢀdividedꢀbyꢀ
theꢀpowerꢀatꢀtheꢀꢀisolatedꢀ
port.ꢀ
P
iso
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
Theꢀdecibelꢀdifferenceꢀ
betweenꢀtheꢀmaximumꢀinꢀ
bandꢀcouplingꢀvalueꢀandꢀ
theꢀmeanꢀcoupling,ꢀandꢀ
theꢀdecibelꢀdifferenceꢀ
betweenꢀtheꢀminimumꢀinꢀ
bandꢀcouplingꢀvalueꢀandꢀ
theꢀmeanꢀcoupling.ꢀ
MaxꢀCouplingꢀ(dB)ꢀ–ꢀMeanꢀCouplingꢀ(dB)ꢀ
Frequency Sensitivity
andꢀ
MinꢀCouplingꢀ(dB)ꢀ–ꢀMeanꢀCouplingꢀ(dB)ꢀ
ꢀꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
Europe:
ꢀ(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀandꢀ
ReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀPlaceꢀ
Manufacturing.
ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Notes on RF Testing and Circuit Layout
TheꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30SꢀSurfaceꢀMountꢀCouplersꢀrequireꢀtheꢀuseꢀofꢀaꢀtestꢀfixtureꢀforꢀverificationꢀofꢀRFꢀperformance.ꢀThisꢀ
testꢀ fixtureꢀ isꢀ designedꢀ toꢀ evaluateꢀ theꢀ couplerꢀ inꢀ theꢀ sameꢀ environmentꢀ thatꢀ isꢀ recommendedꢀ forꢀ installation.ꢀ
Enclosedꢀinsideꢀtheꢀtestꢀfixture,ꢀisꢀaꢀcircuitꢀboardꢀthatꢀisꢀfabricatedꢀusingꢀtheꢀrecommendedꢀfootprint.ꢀTheꢀpartꢀbeingꢀ
testedꢀisꢀplacedꢀintoꢀtheꢀtestꢀfixtureꢀandꢀpressureꢀisꢀappliedꢀtoꢀtheꢀtopꢀofꢀtheꢀdeviceꢀusingꢀaꢀpneumaticꢀpiston.ꢀAꢀfourꢀ
portꢀVectorꢀNetworkꢀAnalyzerꢀisꢀconnectedꢀtoꢀtheꢀfixtureꢀandꢀisꢀusedꢀtoꢀmeasureꢀtheꢀSꢁparametersꢀofꢀtheꢀpart.ꢀWorstꢀ
caseꢀvaluesꢀforꢀeachꢀparameterꢀareꢀfoundꢀandꢀcomparedꢀtoꢀtheꢀspecification.ꢀTheseꢀworstꢀcaseꢀvaluesꢀareꢀreportedꢀtoꢀ
theꢀtestꢀequipmentꢀoperatorꢀalongꢀwithꢀaꢀPassꢀorꢀFailꢀflag.ꢀSeeꢀtheꢀillustrationsꢀbelow.ꢀ
Test Board
30 dB
In Fixture
Test Board
Test Station
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀ
andꢀReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀ
PlaceꢀManufacturing.
Europe:ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Theꢀeffectsꢀofꢀtheꢀtestꢀfixtureꢀonꢀtheꢀmeasuredꢀdataꢀmustꢀbeꢀminimizedꢀinꢀorderꢀtoꢀaccuratelyꢀdetermineꢀtheꢀ
performanceꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ deviceꢀ underꢀ test.ꢀ Ifꢀ theꢀ lineꢀ impedanceꢀ isꢀ anythingꢀ otherꢀ thanꢀ 50ꢀꢀ and/orꢀ thereꢀ isꢀ aꢀ
discontinuityꢀatꢀtheꢀmicrostripꢀtoꢀSMAꢀinterface,ꢀthereꢀwillꢀbeꢀerrorsꢀinꢀtheꢀdataꢀforꢀtheꢀdeviceꢀunderꢀtest.ꢀTheꢀ
testꢀ environmentꢀ canꢀ neverꢀ beꢀ “perfect”,ꢀ butꢀ theꢀ procedureꢀ usedꢀ toꢀ buildꢀ andꢀ evaluateꢀ theꢀ testꢀ boardsꢀ
(outlinedꢀbelow)ꢀdemonstratesꢀanꢀattemptꢀtoꢀminimizeꢀtheꢀerrorsꢀassociatedꢀwithꢀtestingꢀtheseꢀdevices.ꢀTheꢀ
lowerꢀ theꢀ signalꢀ levelꢀ thatꢀ isꢀ beingꢀ measured,ꢀ theꢀ moreꢀ impactꢀ theꢀ fixtureꢀ errorsꢀ willꢀ haveꢀ onꢀ theꢀ data.ꢀ
ParametersꢀsuchꢀasꢀReturnꢀLossꢀandꢀIsolation/Directivity,ꢀwhichꢀareꢀspecifiedꢀasꢀlowꢀasꢀ27dBꢀandꢀtypicallyꢀ
measureꢀatꢀmuchꢀlowerꢀlevels,ꢀwillꢀpresentꢀtheꢀgreatestꢀmeasurementꢀchallenge.ꢀ
Theꢀtestꢀfixtureꢀerrorsꢀintroduceꢀanꢀuncertaintyꢀtoꢀtheꢀmeasuredꢀdata.ꢀFixtureꢀerrorsꢀcanꢀmakeꢀtheꢀperformanceꢀofꢀtheꢀ
deviceꢀunderꢀtestꢀlookꢀbetterꢀorꢀworseꢀthanꢀitꢀactuallyꢀis.ꢀForꢀexample,ꢀifꢀaꢀdeviceꢀhasꢀaꢀknownꢀreturnꢀlossꢀofꢀ30dBꢀandꢀ
aꢀdiscontinuityꢀwithꢀaꢀmagnitudeꢀofꢀ–35dBꢀisꢀintroducedꢀintoꢀtheꢀmeasurementꢀpath,ꢀtheꢀnewꢀmeasuredꢀReturnꢀLossꢀ
dataꢀcouldꢀreadꢀanywhereꢀbetweenꢀ–26dBꢀandꢀ–37dB.ꢀThisꢀsameꢀdiscontinuityꢀcouldꢀintroduceꢀanꢀinsertionꢀphaseꢀ
errorꢀofꢀupꢀtoꢀ1°.ꢀ
ꢀ
Thereꢀ areꢀ differentꢀ techniquesꢀ usedꢀ throughoutꢀ theꢀ industryꢀ toꢀ minimizeꢀ theꢀ affectsꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ testꢀ fixtureꢀ onꢀ theꢀ
measurementꢀdata.ꢀAnarenꢀusesꢀtheꢀfollowingꢀdesignꢀandꢀdeꢁembeddingꢀcriteria:ꢀ
•ꢀ Testꢀboardsꢀhaveꢀbeenꢀdesignedꢀandꢀparametersꢀspecifiedꢀtoꢀprovideꢀtraceꢀimpedancesꢀofꢀ50ꢀ
±1ꢀ.ꢀFurthermore,ꢀdiscontinuitiesꢀatꢀtheꢀSMAꢀtoꢀmicrostripꢀinterfaceꢀareꢀrequiredꢀtoꢀbeꢀlessꢀthanꢀ
–35dBꢀandꢀinsertionꢀphaseꢀerrorsꢀ(dueꢀtoꢀdifferencesꢀinꢀtheꢀconnectorꢀinterfaceꢀdiscontinuitiesꢀ
andꢀ theꢀ electricalꢀ lineꢀ length)ꢀ shouldꢀ beꢀ lessꢀ thanꢀ ±0.25°ꢀ fromꢀ theꢀ medianꢀ valueꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ fourꢀ
paths.ꢀ
ꢀ
•ꢀ Aꢀ“Thru”ꢀcircuitꢀboardꢀisꢀbuilt.ꢀThisꢀisꢀaꢀtwoꢀport,ꢀmicrostripꢀboardꢀthatꢀusesꢀtheꢀsameꢀSMAꢀtoꢀ
microstripꢀinterfaceꢀandꢀhasꢀtheꢀsameꢀtotalꢀlengthꢀ(insertionꢀphase)ꢀasꢀtheꢀactualꢀtestꢀboard.ꢀTheꢀ
“Thru”ꢀboardꢀmustꢀmeetꢀtheꢀsameꢀstringentꢀrequirementsꢀasꢀtheꢀtestꢀboard.ꢀTheꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀ
andꢀ insertionꢀ phaseꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ “Thru”ꢀ boardꢀ areꢀ measuredꢀ andꢀ stored.ꢀ Thisꢀ dataꢀ isꢀ usedꢀ toꢀ
completelyꢀ deꢁembedꢀ theꢀ deviceꢀ underꢀ testꢀ fromꢀ theꢀ testꢀ fixture.ꢀ Theꢀ deꢁembeddedꢀ dataꢀ isꢀ
availableꢀinꢀSꢁparameterꢀformꢀonꢀtheꢀAnarenꢀwebsiteꢀ(www.anaren.com). ꢀ
Note:ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ Sꢁparameterꢀ filesꢀ thatꢀ areꢀ availableꢀ onꢀ theꢀ anaren.comꢀ websiteꢀ includeꢀ dataꢀ forꢀ frequenciesꢀ thatꢀ areꢀ
outsideꢀofꢀtheꢀspecifiedꢀband.ꢀItꢀisꢀimportantꢀtoꢀnoteꢀthatꢀtheꢀtestꢀfixtureꢀisꢀdesignedꢀforꢀoptimumꢀperformanceꢀthroughꢀ
2.3GHz.ꢀSomeꢀdegradationꢀinꢀtheꢀtestꢀfixtureꢀperformanceꢀwillꢀoccurꢀaboveꢀthisꢀfrequencyꢀandꢀconnectorꢀinterfaceꢀ
discontinuitiesꢀofꢀ–25dBꢀorꢀmoreꢀcanꢀbeꢀexpected.ꢀThisꢀlargerꢀdiscontinuityꢀwillꢀaffectꢀtheꢀdataꢀatꢀfrequenciesꢀaboveꢀ
2.3GHz.ꢀ
Circuit Board Layout
TheꢀdimensionsꢀforꢀtheꢀAnarenꢀtestꢀboardꢀareꢀshownꢀbelow.ꢀTheꢀtestꢀboardꢀisꢀprintedꢀonꢀRogersꢀRO4350ꢀmaterialꢀ
thatꢀisꢀ0.030”ꢀthick.ꢀConsiderꢀtheꢀcaseꢀwhenꢀaꢀdifferentꢀmaterialꢀisꢀused.ꢀFirst,ꢀtheꢀpadꢀsizeꢀmustꢀremainꢀtheꢀsameꢀtoꢀ
accommodateꢀtheꢀpart.ꢀBut,ꢀifꢀtheꢀmaterialꢀthicknessꢀorꢀdielectricꢀconstantꢀ(orꢀboth)ꢀchanges,ꢀtheꢀreactanceꢀatꢀtheꢀ
interfaceꢀtoꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀwillꢀalsoꢀchange.ꢀSecond,ꢀtheꢀlinewidthꢀrequiredꢀforꢀ50ꢀꢀwillꢀbeꢀdifferentꢀandꢀthisꢀwillꢀintroduceꢀ
aꢀstepꢀinꢀtheꢀlineꢀatꢀtheꢀpadꢀwhereꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀinterfacesꢀwithꢀtheꢀprintedꢀmicrostripꢀtrace.ꢀBothꢀofꢀtheseꢀconditionsꢀwillꢀ
affectꢀtheꢀperformanceꢀofꢀtheꢀpart.ꢀTo achieve the specified performance, serious attention must be given to the
design and layout of the circuit environment in which this component will be used.
Ifꢀaꢀdifferentꢀcircuitꢀboardꢀmaterialꢀisꢀused,ꢀanꢀattemptꢀshouldꢀbeꢀmadeꢀtoꢀachieveꢀtheꢀsameꢀinterfaceꢀpadꢀreactanceꢀ
thatꢀisꢀpresentꢀonꢀtheꢀAnarenꢀRO4350ꢀtestꢀboard.ꢀWhenꢀthinnerꢀcircuitꢀboardꢀmaterialꢀisꢀused,ꢀtheꢀgroundꢀplaneꢀwillꢀ
beꢀcloserꢀtoꢀ theꢀpadꢀ yieldingꢀmoreꢀcapacitanceꢀforꢀtheꢀsameꢀsizeꢀinterfaceꢀpad.ꢀTheꢀsameꢀisꢀtrueꢀ ifꢀtheꢀdielectricꢀ
constantꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ circuitꢀ boardꢀ materialꢀ isꢀ higherꢀ thanꢀ isꢀ usedꢀ onꢀ theꢀ Anarenꢀ testꢀ board.ꢀ Inꢀ bothꢀ ofꢀ theseꢀ cases,ꢀ
narrowingꢀ theꢀ lineꢀ beforeꢀ theꢀ interfaceꢀ padꢀ willꢀ introduceꢀ aꢀ seriesꢀ inductance,ꢀ which,ꢀ whenꢀ properlyꢀ tuned,ꢀ willꢀ
compensateꢀforꢀtheꢀextraꢀcapacitiveꢀreactance.ꢀIfꢀaꢀthickerꢀcircuitꢀboardꢀorꢀoneꢀwithꢀaꢀlowerꢀdielectricꢀconstantꢀisꢀused,ꢀꢀ
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
theꢀinterfaceꢀpadꢀwillꢀhaveꢀlessꢀcapacitiveꢀreactanceꢀthanꢀtheꢀAnarenꢀtestꢀboard.ꢀInꢀthisꢀcase,ꢀaꢀwiderꢀsectionꢀofꢀlineꢀ
beforeꢀtheꢀinterfaceꢀpadꢀ(orꢀaꢀlargerꢀinterfaceꢀpad)ꢀwillꢀintroduceꢀaꢀshuntꢀcapacitanceꢀandꢀwhenꢀproperlyꢀtunedꢀwillꢀ
matchꢀtheꢀperformanceꢀofꢀtheꢀAnarenꢀtestꢀboard.ꢀ
ꢀ ꢀ
Noticeꢀthatꢀtheꢀboardꢀlayoutꢀforꢀtheꢀ3dBꢀandꢀ5dBꢀcouplersꢀisꢀdifferentꢀfromꢀthatꢀofꢀtheꢀ10dBꢀandꢀ20dBꢀcouplers.ꢀTheꢀ
testꢀboardꢀforꢀtheꢀ3dBꢀandꢀ5dBꢀcouplersꢀhasꢀallꢀfourꢀtracesꢀinterfacingꢀwithꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀatꢀtheꢀsameꢀangle.ꢀTheꢀtestꢀ
boardꢀforꢀtheꢀ30dB,ꢀ10dBꢀandꢀ20dBꢀcouplersꢀhasꢀtwoꢀtracesꢀapproachingꢀatꢀoneꢀangleꢀandꢀtheꢀotherꢀtwoꢀtracesꢀatꢀaꢀ
differentꢀangle.ꢀThe entry angle of the traces has a significant impact on the RF performance and these parts
have been optimized for the layout used on the test boards shown below.ꢀ
30dB Test Board
Testing Sample Parts Supplied on Anaren Test Boards
IfꢀyouꢀhaveꢀreceivedꢀaꢀcouplerꢀinstalledꢀonꢀanꢀAnarenꢀproducedꢀmicrostripꢀtestꢀboard,ꢀpleaseꢀrememberꢀtoꢀremoveꢀtheꢀ
lossꢀofꢀtheꢀtestꢀboardꢀfromꢀtheꢀmeasuredꢀdata.ꢀTheꢀlossꢀisꢀsmallꢀenoughꢀthatꢀitꢀisꢀnotꢀofꢀconcernꢀforꢀReturnꢀLossꢀandꢀ
Isolation/Directivity,ꢀbutꢀitꢀshouldꢀcertainlyꢀbeꢀconsideredꢀwhenꢀmeasuringꢀcouplingꢀandꢀcalculatingꢀtheꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀ
ofꢀtheꢀcoupler.ꢀAnꢀSꢁparameterꢀfileꢀforꢀaꢀ“Thru”ꢀboardꢀ(seeꢀdescriptionꢀofꢀ“Thru”ꢀboardꢀabove)ꢀwillꢀbeꢀsuppliedꢀuponꢀ
request.ꢀAsꢀaꢀfirstꢀorderꢀapproximation,ꢀoneꢀshouldꢀconsiderꢀtheꢀfollowingꢀlossꢀestimates:ꢀ
ꢀ
Frequency Band
410 – 500 MHz
800 - 1000 MHz
1700 – 2300 MHz
2300 – 2700 MHz
3300 – 3800 MHz
Avg. Ins. Loss of Test Board @ 25°C
~ 0.04dB
~ 0.06dB
~0.14dB
~0.155dB
~0.20dB
Forꢀexample,ꢀaꢀ1900MHz,ꢀ10dBꢀcouplerꢀonꢀaꢀtestꢀboardꢀmayꢀmeasureꢀ–10.30dBꢀfromꢀinputꢀtoꢀtheꢀcoupledꢀportꢀatꢀ
someꢀfrequency,ꢀF1.ꢀWhenꢀtheꢀlossꢀofꢀtheꢀtestꢀboardꢀisꢀremoved,ꢀtheꢀcouplingꢀatꢀF1ꢀbecomesꢀꢁ10.18dBꢀ(ꢁ10.30dBꢀ+ꢀ
0.12dB).ꢀ Thisꢀ compensationꢀ mustꢀ beꢀ madeꢀ toꢀ bothꢀ theꢀ coupledꢀ andꢀ directꢀ pathꢀ measurementsꢀ whenꢀ calculatingꢀ
insertionꢀloss.ꢀ
ꢀ
Theꢀlossꢀestimatesꢀinꢀtheꢀtableꢀaboveꢀcomeꢀfromꢀroomꢀtemperatureꢀmeasurements.ꢀItꢀisꢀimportantꢀtoꢀnoteꢀthatꢀtheꢀ
lossꢀofꢀtheꢀtestꢀboardꢀwillꢀchangeꢀwithꢀtemperature.ꢀThisꢀfactꢀmustꢀbeꢀconsideredꢀifꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀisꢀtoꢀbeꢀevaluatedꢀatꢀ
otherꢀtemperatures.
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Peak Power Handling
HighꢁPotꢀtestingꢀofꢀtheseꢀcouplersꢀduringꢀtheꢀqualificationꢀprocedureꢀresultedꢀinꢀaꢀminimumꢀbreakdownꢀvoltageꢀofꢀ1.40ꢀ
kV.ꢀThisꢀvoltageꢀlevelꢀcorrespondsꢀtoꢀaꢀbreakdownꢀresistanceꢀcapableꢀofꢀhandlingꢀatꢀleastꢀ12dBꢀpeaksꢀoverꢀaverageꢀ
powerꢀlevels,ꢀforꢀveryꢀshortꢀdurations.ꢀTheꢀbreakdownꢀlocationꢀconsistentlyꢀoccurredꢀacrossꢀtheꢀairꢀinterfaceꢀatꢀtheꢀ
couplerꢀ contactꢀ padsꢀ (seeꢀ illustrationꢀ below).ꢀ Theꢀ breakdownꢀ levelsꢀ atꢀ theseꢀ pointsꢀ willꢀ beꢀ affectedꢀ byꢀ anyꢀ
contaminationꢀinꢀtheꢀgapꢀareaꢀaroundꢀtheseꢀpads.ꢀTheseꢀareasꢀmustꢀbeꢀkeptꢀcleanꢀforꢀoptimumꢀperformance.ꢀItꢀisꢀ
recommendedꢀthatꢀtheꢀuserꢀtestꢀforꢀvoltageꢀbreakdownꢀunderꢀtheꢀmaximumꢀoperatingꢀconditionsꢀandꢀoverꢀworstꢀcaseꢀ
modulationꢀinducedꢀpowerꢀpeaking.ꢀThisꢀevaluationꢀshouldꢀalsoꢀincludeꢀextremeꢀenvironmentalꢀconditionsꢀ(suchꢀasꢀ
highꢀhumidity).ꢀ
Orientation Marker
AꢀprintedꢀcircularꢀfeatureꢀappearsꢀonꢀtheꢀtopꢀsurfaceꢀofꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀtoꢀdesignateꢀPinꢀ1.ꢀThisꢀorientationꢀmarkerꢀisꢀnotꢀ
intendedꢀtoꢀlimitꢀtheꢀuseꢀofꢀtheꢀsymmetryꢀthatꢀtheseꢀcouplersꢀexhibitꢀbutꢀratherꢀtoꢀfacilitateꢀconsistentꢀplacementꢀofꢀ
theseꢀpartsꢀintoꢀtheꢀtapeꢀandꢀreelꢀpackage.ꢀThisꢀensuresꢀthatꢀtheꢀcomponentsꢀareꢀalwaysꢀdeliveredꢀwithꢀtheꢀsameꢀ
orientation.ꢀReferꢀtoꢀtheꢀtableꢀonꢀpageꢀ2ꢀofꢀtheꢀdataꢀsheetꢀforꢀallowableꢀpinꢀconfigurations.ꢀ
TestꢀPlanꢀ
XingerꢀIIIꢀ30dBꢀcouplersꢀareꢀmanufacturedꢀinꢀlargeꢀpanelsꢀandꢀthenꢀseparated.ꢀAꢀsampleꢀpopulationꢀofꢀpartsꢀisꢀRFꢀ
smallꢀsignalꢀtestedꢀatꢀroomꢀtemperatureꢀinꢀtheꢀfixtureꢀdescribedꢀabove.ꢀAllꢀpartsꢀareꢀDCꢀtestedꢀforꢀshorts/opens.ꢀ(Seeꢀ
“QualificationꢀFlowꢀChart”ꢀsectionꢀforꢀdetailsꢀonꢀtheꢀacceleratedꢀlifeꢀtestꢀprocedures.)
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ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Power Handling
Theꢀaverageꢀpowerꢀhandlingꢀ(totalꢀinputꢀpower)ꢀofꢀaꢀXingerꢀcouplerꢀisꢀaꢀfunctionꢀof:ꢀ
ꢀ
•ꢀ Internalꢀcircuitꢀtemperature.ꢀꢀ
•ꢀ Unitꢀmountingꢀinterfaceꢀtemperature.ꢀꢀ
•ꢀ Unitꢀthermalꢀresistanceꢀꢀ
•ꢀ Powerꢀdissipatedꢀwithinꢀtheꢀunit.ꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Allꢀthermalꢀcalculationsꢀareꢀbasedꢀonꢀtheꢀfollowingꢀassumptions:ꢀ
ꢀ
•ꢀ Theꢀunitꢀhasꢀreachedꢀaꢀsteadyꢀstateꢀoperatingꢀcondition.ꢀ
•ꢀ Maximumꢀmountingꢀinterfaceꢀtemperatureꢀisꢀ95oC.ꢀ
•ꢀ ConductionꢀHeatꢀTransferꢀthroughꢀtheꢀmountingꢀinterface.ꢀ
•ꢀ NoꢀConvectionꢀHeatꢀTransfer.ꢀ
•ꢀ NoꢀRadiationꢀHeatꢀTransfer.ꢀ
•ꢀ Theꢀmaterialꢀpropertiesꢀareꢀconstantꢀoverꢀtheꢀoperatingꢀtemperatureꢀrange.
ꢀ
Finiteꢀ elementꢀ simulationsꢀ areꢀ madeꢀ forꢀ eachꢀ unit.ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ simulationꢀ resultsꢀ areꢀ usedꢀ toꢀ calculateꢀ theꢀ unitꢀ thermalꢀ
resistance.ꢀꢀTheꢀfiniteꢀelementꢀsimulationꢀrequiresꢀtheꢀfollowingꢀinputs:ꢀ
ꢀ
•ꢀ Unitꢀmaterialꢀstackꢁup.ꢀ
•ꢀ Materialꢀproperties.ꢀ
•ꢀ Circuitꢀgeometry.ꢀ
•ꢀ Mountingꢀinterfaceꢀtemperature.ꢀ
•ꢀ Thermalꢀloadꢀ(dissipatedꢀpower).ꢀ
ꢀ
Theꢀ classicalꢀ definitionꢀ forꢀ dissipatedꢀ powerꢀ isꢀ temperatureꢀ deltaꢀ (ꢁT)ꢀ dividedꢀ byꢀ thermalꢀ resistanceꢀ (R).ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ
dissipatedꢀpowerꢀ(Pdis)ꢀcanꢀalsoꢀbeꢀcalculatedꢀasꢀaꢀfunctionꢀofꢀtheꢀtotalꢀinputꢀpowerꢀ(Pin)ꢀandꢀtheꢀthermalꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀ
(ILtherm):ꢀ
ꢀ
−IL
10
therm
ꢁT
R
P =
= P ⋅ 1−10
(W )
dis
in
(1)
Powerꢀflowꢀandꢀnomenclatureꢀforꢀanꢀ“H”ꢀstyleꢀcouplerꢀisꢀshownꢀinꢀFigureꢀ1.ꢀ
ꢀ
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
P
POut(RL)
POut(DC)
In
InputꢀPort
Pinꢀ1
DirectꢀPort
Pinꢀ4
CoupledꢀPort
IsolatedꢀPort
POut(CPL)
POut(ISO)
Figureꢀ1ꢀ
ꢀ
TheꢀcouplerꢀisꢀexcitedꢀatꢀtheꢀinputꢀportꢀwithꢀPinꢀ(watts)ꢀofꢀpower.ꢀꢀAssumingꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀisꢀnotꢀideal,ꢀandꢀthatꢀthereꢀareꢀ
noꢀ radiationꢀ losses,ꢀ powerꢀ willꢀ exitꢀ theꢀ couplerꢀ atꢀ allꢀ fourꢀ ports.ꢀ ꢀ Symbolicallyꢀ written,ꢀ Pout(RL)ꢀ isꢀ theꢀ powerꢀ thatꢀ isꢀ
returnedꢀ toꢀ theꢀ sourceꢀ becauseꢀ ofꢀ impedanceꢀ mismatch,ꢀ Pout(ISO)ꢀ ꢀ isꢀ theꢀ powerꢀ atꢀ theꢀ isolatedꢀ port,ꢀ Pout(CPL)ꢀ isꢀ theꢀ
powerꢀatꢀtheꢀcoupledꢀport,ꢀandꢀPout(DC)ꢀisꢀtheꢀpowerꢀatꢀtheꢀdirectꢀport.ꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ
AtꢀAnaren,ꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀisꢀdefinedꢀasꢀtheꢀlogꢀofꢀtheꢀinputꢀpowerꢀdividedꢀbyꢀtheꢀsumꢀofꢀtheꢀpowerꢀatꢀtheꢀcoupledꢀandꢀ
directꢀports:ꢀ
ꢀ
Note:ꢀinꢀthisꢀdocument,ꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀisꢀtakenꢀtoꢀbeꢀaꢀpositiveꢀnumber.ꢀꢀInꢀmanyꢀplaces,ꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀisꢀwrittenꢀasꢀaꢀ
negativeꢀnumber.ꢀꢀObviously,ꢀaꢀmereꢀsignꢀchangeꢀequatesꢀtheꢀtwoꢀquantities.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ
P
in
IL =10⋅log10
(dB)
(2)
(3)
Pout(CPL) + Pout(DC)
ꢀ
InꢀtermsꢀofꢀSꢁparameters,ꢀILꢀcanꢀbeꢀcomputedꢀasꢀfollows:ꢀ
ꢀ
2
2
IL = −10 ⋅log
S31 + S41
(dB)
10
ꢀ
Weꢀnoticeꢀthatꢀthisꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀvalueꢀincludesꢀtheꢀpowerꢀlostꢀbecauseꢀofꢀreturnꢀlossꢀasꢀwellꢀasꢀpowerꢀlostꢀtoꢀtheꢀ
isolatedꢀport.ꢀ
ꢀ
Forꢀthermalꢀcalculations,ꢀ weꢀareꢀ onlyꢀ interestedꢀinꢀtheꢀpowerꢀ lostꢀ“inside”ꢀtheꢀ coupler.ꢀꢀ SinceꢀPout(RL)ꢀ isꢀlostꢀinꢀtheꢀ
sourceꢀterminationꢀandꢀ Pout(ISO)ꢀisꢀ lostꢀ inꢀ anꢀ externalꢀtermination,ꢀtheyꢀ areꢀ notꢀ beꢀincludedꢀ inꢀtheꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀforꢀ
thermalꢀcalculations.ꢀꢀTherefore,ꢀweꢀdefineꢀaꢀnewꢀinsertionꢀlossꢀvalueꢀsolelyꢀtoꢀbeꢀusedꢀforꢀthermalꢀcalculations:ꢀ
ꢀ
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
P
in
ILtherm =10⋅log10
(dB)
(4)
P
+ P
+ P
+ P
out(CPL)
out(DC)
out(ISO)
out(RL)
ꢀ
InꢀtermsꢀofꢀSꢁparameters,ꢀILthermꢀcanꢀbeꢀcomputedꢀasꢀfollows:ꢀ
ꢀ
2
2
2
2
ILtherm = −10 ⋅log
S11 + S21 + S31 + S41
(dB)
(5)
10
ꢀ
Theꢀthermalꢀresistanceꢀandꢀpowerꢀdissipatedꢀwithinꢀtheꢀunitꢀareꢀthenꢀusedꢀtoꢀcalculateꢀtheꢀaverageꢀtotalꢀinputꢀpowerꢀ
ofꢀtheꢀunit.ꢀꢀTheꢀaverageꢀtotalꢀsteadyꢀstateꢀinputꢀpowerꢀ(Pin)ꢀthereforeꢀis:ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢁT
P
dis
−ILtherm
R
P =
=
(W )
in
−ILtherm
(6)
10
10
1−10
1−10
ꢀ
Whereꢀtheꢀtemperatureꢀdeltaꢀisꢀtheꢀcircuitꢀtemperatureꢀ(Tcirc)ꢀminusꢀtheꢀmountingꢀinterfaceꢀtemperatureꢀ(Tmnt):ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢁT = Tcirc −Tmnt (oC)
(7)
ꢀ
Theꢀmaximumꢀallowableꢀcircuitꢀtemperatureꢀisꢀdefinedꢀbyꢀtheꢀpropertiesꢀofꢀtheꢀmaterialsꢀusedꢀtoꢀconstructꢀtheꢀunit.ꢀꢀ
MultipleꢀmaterialꢀcombinationsꢀandꢀbondingꢀtechniquesꢀareꢀusedꢀwithinꢀtheꢀXingerꢀIIIꢀproductꢀfamilyꢀtoꢀoptimizeꢀRFꢀ
performance.ꢀ ꢀ Consequentlyꢀ theꢀ maximumꢀ allowableꢀ circuitꢀ temperatureꢀ varies.ꢀ ꢀ Pleaseꢀ noteꢀ thatꢀ theꢀ circuitꢀ
temperatureꢀisꢀnotꢀaꢀfunctionꢀofꢀtheꢀXingerꢀcaseꢀ(topꢀsurface)ꢀtemperature.ꢀꢀTherefore,ꢀtheꢀcaseꢀtemperatureꢀcannotꢀ
beꢀusedꢀasꢀaꢀboundaryꢀconditionꢀforꢀpowerꢀhandlingꢀcalculations.ꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Dueꢀtoꢀtheꢀnumerousꢀboardꢀmaterialsꢀandꢀmountingꢀconfigurationsꢀusedꢀinꢀspecificꢀcustomerꢀconfigurations,ꢀitꢀisꢀtheꢀ
endꢀusersꢀresponsibilityꢀtoꢀensureꢀthatꢀtheꢀXingerꢀIIIꢀcouplerꢀmountingꢀinterfaceꢀtemperatureꢀisꢀmaintainedꢀwithinꢀtheꢀ
limitsꢀdefinedꢀon theꢀpowerꢀderatingꢀplotsꢀforꢀtheꢀrequiredꢀaverageꢀpowerꢀhandling.ꢀꢀAdditionallyꢀappropriateꢀsolderꢀ
compositionꢀisꢀrequiredꢀtoꢀpreventꢀreflowꢀor fatigueꢀfailureꢀatꢀtheꢀRFꢀports.ꢀꢀFinally,ꢀreliabilityꢀisꢀimprovedꢀwhenꢀtheꢀ
mountingꢀinterfaceꢀandꢀRFꢀportꢀtemperaturesꢀareꢀkeptꢀtoꢀaꢀminimum.ꢀ
ꢀ
Theꢀpowerꢁderatingꢀcurveꢀillustratesꢀhowꢀchangesꢀinꢀtheꢀmountingꢀinterfaceꢀtemperatureꢀresultꢀinꢀconverseꢀchangesꢀ
ofꢀtheꢀpowerꢀhandlingꢀofꢀtheꢀcoupler.
ꢀ
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Mountingꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Coupler Mounting Process
Inꢀ orderꢀ forꢀ Xingerꢀ surfaceꢀ mountꢀ couplersꢀ toꢀ workꢀ ꢀ
optimally,ꢀthereꢀmustꢀbeꢀ50ꢂꢀtransmissionꢀlinesꢀleadingꢀ Theꢀ processꢀ forꢀ assemblingꢀ thisꢀ componentꢀ isꢀ aꢀ
toꢀ andꢀ fromꢀ allꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ RFꢀ ports.ꢀ ꢀ Also,ꢀ thereꢀ mustꢀ beꢀ aꢀ conventionalꢀsurfaceꢀmountꢀprocessꢀasꢀshownꢀinꢀFigureꢀ
veryꢀ goodꢀ groundꢀ planeꢀ underneathꢀ theꢀ partꢀ toꢀ ensureꢀ 1.ꢀThisꢀprocessꢀisꢀconduciveꢀtoꢀbothꢀlowꢀandꢀhighꢀvolumeꢀ
properꢀ electricalꢀ performance.ꢀ ꢀ Ifꢀ eitherꢀ ofꢀ theseꢀ twoꢀ usage.ꢀ
conditionsꢀisꢀnotꢀsatisfied,ꢀinsertionꢀloss,ꢀcoupling,ꢀVSWRꢀ ꢀ
andꢀisolationꢀmayꢀnotꢀmeetꢀpublishedꢀspecifications.ꢀ
Overallꢀ groundꢀ isꢀ improvedꢀ ifꢀ aꢀ denseꢀ populationꢀ ofꢀ
platedꢀthroughꢀholesꢀconnectꢀtheꢀtopꢀandꢀbottomꢀgroundꢀ
ꢀ
layersꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ PCB.ꢀ ꢀ Thisꢀ minimizesꢀ groundꢀ inductanceꢀ
andꢀimprovesꢀgroundꢀcontinuity.ꢀAllꢀofꢀtheꢀXingerꢀhybridꢀ
ꢀ
Figure 1: Surface Mounting Process Steps
andꢀ directionalꢀ couplersꢀ areꢀ constructedꢀ fromꢀ ceramicꢀ
Storage of Components: Theꢀ Xingerꢀ IIIꢀ productsꢀ areꢀ
filledꢀPTFEꢀcompositesꢀwhichꢀpossessꢀexcellentꢀelectricalꢀ
availableꢀ inꢀ eitherꢀ anꢀ immersionꢀ tinꢀ orꢀ tinꢁleadꢀ finish.ꢀ
andꢀ mechanicalꢀ stabilityꢀ havingꢀ Xꢀ andꢀ Yꢀ thermalꢀ
Commonlyꢀ usedꢀ storageꢀ proceduresꢀ usedꢀ toꢀ controlꢀ
coefficientꢀofꢀexpansionꢀ(CTE)ꢀofꢀ17ꢁ25ꢀppm/oC.ꢀ
oxidationꢀ shouldꢀ beꢀ followedꢀ forꢀ theseꢀ surfaceꢀ mountꢀ
components.ꢀꢀTheꢀstorageꢀtemperaturesꢀshouldꢀbeꢀheldꢀ
betweenꢀ15OCꢀandꢀ60OC.ꢀ
Whenꢀ aꢀ surfaceꢀ mountꢀ hybridꢀ couplerꢀ isꢀ mountedꢀ toꢀ aꢀ
printedꢀcircuitꢀboard,ꢀtheꢀprimaryꢀconcernsꢀare;ꢀensuringꢀ
theꢀRFꢀpadsꢀofꢀtheꢀdeviceꢀareꢀinꢀcontactꢀwithꢀtheꢀcircuitꢀ
traceꢀofꢀtheꢀPCBꢀandꢀinsuringꢀtheꢀgroundꢀplaneꢀofꢀneitherꢀ
ꢀ
Substrate: Dependingꢀ uponꢀ theꢀ particularꢀ component,ꢀ
theꢀcircuitꢀmaterialꢀhasꢀanꢀxꢀandꢀyꢀcoefficientꢀofꢀthermalꢀ
theꢀ componentꢀ norꢀ theꢀ PCBꢀ isꢀ inꢀ contactꢀ withꢀ theꢀ RFꢀ
expansionꢀofꢀbetweenꢀ17ꢀandꢀ25ꢀppm/°C.ꢀThisꢀcoefficientꢀ
signal.ꢀ
minimizesꢀsolderꢀjointꢀstressesꢀdueꢀtoꢀsimilarꢀexpansionꢀ
ratesꢀofꢀmostꢀcommonlyꢀusedꢀboardꢀsubstratesꢀsuchꢀasꢀ
RF35,ꢀ RO4350,ꢀ FR4,ꢀ polyimideꢀ andꢀ Gꢁ10ꢀ materials.ꢀ
Mounting Footprint
Mountingꢀ toꢀ “hard”ꢀ substratesꢀ (aluminaꢀ etc.)ꢀ isꢀ possibleꢀ
dependingꢀ uponꢀ operationalꢀ temperatureꢀ requirements.ꢀ
Theꢀsolderꢀsurfacesꢀofꢀtheꢀcouplerꢀareꢀallꢀcopperꢀplatedꢀ
withꢀeitherꢀanꢀimmersionꢀtinꢀorꢀtinꢁleadꢀexteriorꢀfinish.ꢀ
Solder Paste: Allꢀconventionalꢀsolderꢀpasteꢀformulationsꢀ
willꢀ workꢀ wellꢀ withꢀ Anaren’sꢀ Xingerꢀ IIIꢀ surfaceꢀ mountꢀ
components.ꢀSolderꢀpasteꢀcanꢀbeꢀappliedꢀwithꢀstencilsꢀorꢀ
syringeꢀ dispensers.ꢀ Anꢀ exampleꢀ ofꢀ aꢀ stenciledꢀ solderꢀ
pasteꢀ depositꢀ isꢀ shownꢀ inꢀ Figureꢀ 2.ꢀ ꢀ Asꢀ shownꢀ inꢀ theꢀ
figureꢀsolderꢀpasteꢀisꢀappliedꢀtoꢀtheꢀfourꢀRFꢀpadsꢀandꢀtheꢀ
entireꢀgroundꢀplaneꢀunderneathꢀtheꢀbodyꢀofꢀtheꢀpart.ꢀ
ꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
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AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀandꢀ
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Manufacturing.
ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Reflow: Theꢀsurfaceꢀmountꢀcouplerꢀisꢀconduciveꢀtoꢀmostꢀofꢀ
today’sꢀ conventionalꢀ reflowꢀ methods.ꢀ Aꢀ lowꢀ andꢀ highꢀ
temperatureꢀthermalꢀreflowꢀprofileꢀareꢀshownꢀinꢀFiguresꢀ5ꢀ
andꢀ6,ꢀrespectively.ꢀManualꢀsolderingꢀofꢀtheseꢀcomponentsꢀ
canꢀbeꢀdoneꢀwithꢀconventionalꢀsurfaceꢀmountꢀnonꢁcontactꢀ
hotꢀ airꢀ solderingꢀ tools.ꢀ Boardꢀ preꢁheatingꢀ isꢀ highlyꢀ
recommendedꢀ forꢀ theseꢀ selectiveꢀ hotꢀ airꢀ solderingꢀ
methods.ꢀꢀManualꢀsolderingꢀwithꢀconventionalꢀironsꢀshouldꢀ
beꢀavoided.
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
Figure 2: Solder Paste Application
Coupler Positioning: Theꢀsurfaceꢀmountꢀcouplerꢀcanꢀ
beꢀ placedꢀ manuallyꢀ orꢀ withꢀ automaticꢀ pickꢀ andꢀ placeꢀ
mechanisms.ꢀCouplersꢀshouldꢀbeꢀplacedꢀ(seeꢀFigureꢀ3ꢀ
andꢀ 4)ꢀ ontoꢀ wetꢀ pasteꢀ withꢀ commonꢀ surfaceꢀ mountꢀ
techniquesꢀ andꢀ parameters.ꢀ ꢀ Pickꢀ andꢀ placeꢀ systemsꢀ
mustꢀ supplyꢀ adequateꢀ vacuumꢀ toꢀ holdꢀ aꢀ 0.115ꢀ gramꢀ
coupler.ꢀ
ꢀ
Figure 3: Component Placement
Figure 4: Mounting Features Example
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Figure 5 – Low Temperature Solder Reflow Thermal Profile
Figure 6 – High Temperature Solder Reflow Thermal Profile
USA/Canada:ꢀ
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ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
Qualification Flow Chart
XingerꢀIIIꢀProductꢀ
Qualificationꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=55ꢀ
SolderabilityꢀTestꢀ
n=5ꢀ
MechanicalꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
InitialꢀRFꢀTestꢀ
n=50ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
VꢁTEKꢀTestingꢀ
n=45ꢀ
LooseꢀControlꢀUnitsꢀ
n=5ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
PostꢀVꢁTEKꢀTestꢀRFꢀTestꢀ
n=50ꢀ
LooseꢀControlꢀUnitsꢀ
n=5ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
ResistanceꢀtoꢀSolderꢀMILꢀ202Gꢀ
Methodꢀ210F,ꢀConditionꢀKꢀHeatꢀ
n=20ꢀ
SolderꢀUnitsꢀtoꢀTestꢀ
PostꢀSolderꢀVisualꢀ
Inspectionꢀ
n=25ꢀ
Boardꢀ
n=25ꢀ
PostꢀResistanceꢀHeatꢀRFꢀ
InitialꢀRFꢀTestꢀBoardꢀ
Mountedꢀ
Testꢀ
n=20ꢀ
n=25ꢀ
ControlꢀUnitsꢀRFꢀTestꢀ
25°Cꢀonlyꢀꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=25ꢀ
ꢀ
LooseꢀControlꢀUnitsꢀ
n=5ꢀ
MechanicalꢀInspectionꢀ
n=20ꢀ
n=5ꢀ
RFꢀTestꢀatꢀꢁ55°C,ꢀ25°C,ꢀ
95°Cꢀꢀ
n=20ꢀ
VoltageꢀBreakdownꢀTestꢀMILꢀ
202F,ꢀMethodꢀ301ꢀ25°Cꢀ5KVꢀ
n=40ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=25ꢀ
ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
ControlꢀUnitsꢀ
n=5ꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
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andꢀReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀ
PlaceꢀManufacturing.
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ControlꢀU nitsꢀ
n=10ꢀ
PostꢀVoltageꢀRFꢀTestꢀ
n=50ꢀ
Therm alꢀCycle100ꢀcyclesꢀꢁ55°ꢀtoꢀ
125°C.ꢀDwellꢀtime=ꢀ30ꢀminꢀꢀ
n=40ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
PostꢀThermalꢀRFꢀTestꢀ
n=50ꢀ
ControlꢀUnitsꢀ
n=10ꢀ
MoistureꢀResistanceꢀTestingꢀꢁ25°ꢀtoꢀ 65°Cꢀforꢀ2ꢀ
hrsꢀ@ꢀ90%ꢀhumidity.ꢀSoakꢀforꢀ168ꢀhrsꢀatꢀ90%ꢀtoꢀ
85%ꢀhumidity.ꢀRampꢀtempꢀtoꢀ25°Cꢀinꢀ2ꢀhrsꢀ@ꢀ
90%ꢀhumidity.ꢀThenꢀsoakꢀ@ꢀꢁ10°Cꢀforꢀ3ꢀhrs.ꢀ
n=40ꢀ
PostꢀMoistureꢀResistanceꢀ
RFꢀTest ꢀn=50ꢀ
PostꢀMoistureꢀResistanceꢀ
RFꢀTestꢀꢀ
n=50ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=50ꢀ
ControlꢀUnitsꢀ
n=10ꢀ
BakeꢀUnitsꢀforꢀ1ꢀhourꢀatꢀ
100°ꢀtoꢀ120°Cꢀ
n=40ꢀ
PostꢀBakeꢀRFꢀTestꢀ
n=50ꢀ
VisualꢀInspectionꢀ
n=30ꢀ
125%ꢀPowerꢀꢀ
LifeꢀTestꢀ72ꢀhrsꢀ
n=3ꢀ
FinalꢀRFꢀTestꢀ@ꢀ25°Cꢀ
n=25ꢀ
Microsectionꢀ
3ꢀtest ꢀunitsꢀ1ꢀcontrolꢀ
Microsectionꢀ
2ꢀLife,ꢀ1ꢀhighꢀpowerꢀandꢀ
1ꢀcontrolꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
Europe:
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Manufacturing.
ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
ꢀ
Application Information
ꢀ
Directional Couplers and Sampling
ꢀ
Directionalꢀ couplersꢀ areꢀ oftenꢀ usedꢀ inꢀ circuitsꢀ thatꢀ requireꢀ theꢀ samplingꢀ ofꢀ anꢀ arbitraryꢀ signal.ꢀ ꢀ Becauseꢀ theyꢀ areꢀ
passive,ꢀnonꢁlinearꢀdevices,ꢀAnarenꢀdirectionalꢀcouplersꢀdoꢀnotꢀperturbꢀtheꢀcharacteristicsꢀofꢀtheꢀsignalꢀtoꢀbeꢀsampled,ꢀ
andꢀcanꢀbeꢀusedꢀforꢀfrequencyꢀmonitoringꢀand/orꢀmeasurementꢀofꢀRFꢀpower.ꢀAnꢀexampleꢀofꢀaꢀsamplingꢀcircuitꢀisꢀtheꢀ
reflectometer.ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ purposeꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ reflectometerꢀ isꢀ toꢀ isolateꢀ andꢀ sampleꢀ theꢀ incidentꢀ andꢀ reflectedꢀ signalsꢀ fromꢀ aꢀ
mismatchedꢀload.ꢀꢀAꢀbasicꢀreflectometerꢀcircuitꢀisꢀshownꢀinꢀFigureꢀap.n.1ꢁ1.ꢀꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ
V
input
1
2
LOAD
Reflected
Wave
4
3
V
VR
I
Figureꢀap.n.1ꢁ1.ꢀAꢀReflectometerꢀCircuitꢀSchematicꢀ
ꢀ
Ifꢀtheꢀdirectionalꢀcouplerꢀhasꢀperfectꢀdirectivity,ꢀthenꢀitꢀisꢀclearꢀthatꢀVIꢀisꢀstrictlyꢀaꢀsampleꢀofꢀtheꢀincidentꢀvoltageꢀVinput,ꢀ
andꢀVRꢀisꢀstrictlyꢀaꢀsampleꢀofꢀtheꢀwaveꢀthatꢀisꢀreflectedꢀfromꢀtheꢀload.ꢀꢀSinceꢀdirectivityꢀisꢀneverꢀperfectꢀinꢀpractice,ꢀbothꢀ
VIꢀandꢀVRꢀwillꢀcontainꢀsamplesꢀofꢀtheꢀinputꢀsignalꢀasꢀwellꢀasꢀtheꢀreflectedꢀsignal.ꢀꢀInꢀthatꢀcase,ꢀꢀ
ꢀ
θ
VI = C + CDTΓej
Eq.ꢀap.n.1ꢁ1ꢀ
andꢀ
φ
VR = CD + CTΓej
Eq.ꢀap.n.1ꢁ2ꢀ
ꢀ
whereꢀCꢀisꢀtheꢀcoupling,ꢀDꢀisꢀtheꢀdirectivity,ꢀΓꢀisꢀtheꢀcomplexꢀreflectionꢀcoefficientꢀofꢀtheꢀload,ꢀTꢀisꢀtheꢀtransmissionꢀ
coefficient,ꢀandꢀφꢀandꢀθꢀareꢀunknownꢀphaseꢀdelayꢀdifferencesꢀcausedꢀbyꢀtheꢀinterconnectꢀlinesꢀonꢀtheꢀꢀtestꢀboard.ꢀꢀIfꢀweꢀ
knowꢀVIꢀandꢀVR,ꢀweꢀcanꢀeasilyꢀcalculateꢀtheꢀreflectionꢀcoefficientꢀofꢀtheꢀload.ꢀꢀOneꢀshouldꢀnoticeꢀthatꢀinꢀorderꢀtoꢀmakeꢀ
forwardꢀ andꢀ reverseꢀ measurementsꢀ usingꢀ onlyꢀ oneꢀ coupler,ꢀ theꢀ directivityꢀ mustꢀ beꢀ reallyꢀ low.ꢀ ꢀ Inꢀ specificꢀ customerꢀ
applications,ꢀtheꢀpreferredꢀmethodꢀforꢀforwardꢀandꢀreverseꢀsamplingꢀisꢀshownꢀinꢀFigureꢀap.n.1ꢁ2.ꢀ
ꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
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Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
ISOLATOR
INPUT
1
2
LOAD
Reflected
Wave
4
3
FORWARD
MEASUREMENT
REVERSE
MEASUREMENT
**TERMINATION
ꢀ
ꢀ
*Recommended Terminations
Powerꢀ(Watts)ꢀ
Modelꢀ
RFPꢁꢀ060120A15Z50ꢁ2ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC10A50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC16A50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC20N50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC50A50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC100N50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC200N50Z4ꢀ
8ꢀ
10ꢀ
16ꢀ
20ꢀ
50ꢀ
100ꢀ
200ꢀ
ꢀ
Figureꢀap.n.1ꢁ2.ꢀForwardꢀandꢀReverseꢀSamplingꢀ
ꢀ
TheꢀisolatorꢀinꢀFigureꢀap.n.1ꢁ2ꢀpreventsꢀtheꢀreflectedꢀwaveꢀfromꢀexcitingꢀtheꢀdirectionalꢀcoupler.ꢀꢀAꢀlistꢀofꢀrecommendedꢀ
terminationsꢀisꢀshownꢀinꢀtheꢀfigure.ꢀ
ꢀ
Directional Couplers in Feed-Forward Amplifier Applications
ꢀ
Feedꢁforwardꢀamplifiersꢀareꢀwidelyꢀusedꢀtoꢀreduceꢀdistortionꢀ dueꢀtoꢀnonlinearitiesꢀinꢀpowerꢀamplifiers.ꢀꢀAlthoughꢀtheꢀ
levelꢀandꢀcomplexityꢀofꢀfeedꢁforwardꢀamplifiersꢀvariesꢀfromꢀoneꢀmanufacturerꢀtoꢀanother,ꢀtheꢀbasicꢀbuildingꢀblockꢀforꢀthisꢀ
linearizationꢀschemeꢀremainsꢀtheꢀsame.ꢀꢀAꢀbasicꢀfeedꢁforwardꢀschematicꢀisꢀshownꢀinꢀFigureꢀap.n.2ꢁ1.ꢀꢀTheꢀinputꢀsignalꢀ
isꢀsplitꢀinꢀtwoꢀusingꢀaꢀhybridꢀcouplerꢀorꢀpowerꢀdivider.ꢀꢀTheꢀoutputꢀofꢀtheꢀmainꢀamplifierꢀisꢀsampledꢀwithꢀaꢀ20dBꢁ30dBꢀ
directionalꢀcoupler.ꢀꢀTheꢀX3C26P1ꢁ30Sꢀisꢀanꢀexcellentꢀcandidateꢀforꢀthisꢀsamplingꢀsinceꢀitꢀprovidesꢀgreatꢀreturnꢀlossꢀandꢀ
directivity.ꢀꢀTheꢀsampledꢀsignal,ꢀwhichꢀconsistsꢀofꢀaꢀsampleꢀofꢀtheꢀoriginalꢀinputꢀsignalꢀplusꢀsomeꢀdistortion,ꢀisꢀinvertedꢀ
andꢀthenꢀcombinedꢀwithꢀtheꢀoutputꢀofꢀtheꢀfirstꢀdelayꢀline.ꢀꢀThisꢀprocedureꢀsubtractsꢀ(throughꢀdestructiveꢀinterference)ꢀtheꢀ
sampleꢀ ofꢀ theꢀ originalꢀ inputꢀ signal,ꢀ leavingꢀ onlyꢀ theꢀ distortionꢀ orꢀ errorꢀ component.ꢀ ꢀ Theꢀ errorꢀ componentꢀ isꢀ thenꢀ
amplifiedꢀandꢀcombinedꢀwithꢀtheꢀoutputꢀofꢀtheꢀsecondꢀdelayꢀlineꢀusingꢀanotherꢀdirectionalꢀcoupler.ꢀꢀInꢀmanyꢀcases,ꢀaꢀ
10dBꢀcouplerꢀisꢀusedꢀtoꢀcombineꢀtheꢀtwoꢀsignals.ꢀꢀTheꢀXC0900Eꢁ10ꢀisꢀaꢀperfectꢀchoiceꢀforꢀthisꢀinjectionꢀbecauseꢀitꢀhasꢀ
tightꢀcoupling,ꢀsuperiorꢀdirectivity,ꢀandꢀexcellentꢀmatch.ꢀꢀꢀꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
Europe:
ꢀ(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀandꢀ
ReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀPlaceꢀ
Manufacturing.
ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀꢀ
ꢀ
*Recommended Terminations
Powerꢀ(Watts)ꢀ
Modelꢀ
RFPꢁꢀ060120A15Z50ꢁ2ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC10A50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC16A50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC20N50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC50A50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC100N50Z4ꢀ
RFPꢁꢀC200N50Z4ꢀ
8ꢀ
10ꢀ
16ꢀ
20ꢀ
50ꢀ
100ꢀ
200ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
Figureꢀap.n.2ꢁ1.ꢀꢀGenericꢀFeedꢀForwardꢀCircuitꢀSchematicꢀ
ꢀ
Bothꢀ directionalꢀ couplersꢀ inꢀ theꢀ Figureꢀ ap.n.2ꢁ1ꢀ haveꢀ oneꢀ portꢀ terminatedꢀ withꢀ aꢀ 50ꢀꢀ resistor.ꢀ ꢀ Inꢀ orderꢀ toꢀ achieveꢀ
optimumꢀperformance,ꢀtheꢀterminationꢀmustꢀbeꢀchosenꢀcarefully.ꢀꢀItꢀisꢀimportantꢀtoꢀrememberꢀthatꢀaꢀgoodꢀterminationꢀ
willꢀnotꢀonlyꢀproduceꢀaꢀgoodꢀmatchꢀatꢀtheꢀinputꢀofꢀtheꢀcoupler,ꢀbutꢀwillꢀalsoꢀmaximizeꢀtheꢀisolationꢀbetweenꢀtheꢀinputꢀportꢀ
andꢀisolatedꢀport.ꢀꢀFurthermore,ꢀsinceꢀtheꢀterminationꢀcanꢀpotentiallyꢀabsorbꢀhighꢀlevelsꢀofꢀpower,ꢀitsꢀmaximumꢀpowerꢀ
ratingꢀshouldꢀbeꢀchosenꢀaccordingly.ꢀꢀAꢀlistꢀofꢀrecommendedꢀterminationsꢀisꢀshownꢀinꢀFigureꢀap.n.2ꢁ1.ꢀꢀForꢀanꢀidealꢀ
losslessꢀdirectionalꢀcoupler,ꢀtheꢀpowerꢀatꢀtheꢀcoupledꢀandꢀdirectꢀportsꢀcanꢀbeꢀwrittenꢀas:ꢀ
ꢀ
Pinput
Coupling(dB)
Pcoupled
=
Watts
Eq.ꢀap.n.2ꢁ1ꢀ
10
10
ꢀ
ꢀ
P
input
Pdirect = P −
Watts
input
Coupling(dB)
Eq.ꢀap.n.2ꢁ2ꢀ
10
10
whereꢀPinputꢀisꢀtheꢀinputꢀpowerꢀinꢀWatts,ꢀandꢀCoupling(dB)ꢀisꢀtheꢀcouplingꢀvalueꢀinꢀdB.ꢀꢀꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀ
andꢀReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀ
PlaceꢀManufacturing.
Europe:ꢀ
Model X3C26P1-30Sꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
RevꢀAꢀ
Packaging and Ordering Information
Partsꢀareꢀavailableꢀinꢀaꢀreelꢀandꢀasꢀlooseꢀpartsꢀinꢀaꢀbag.ꢀꢀPackagingꢀfollowsꢀEIAꢀ481ꢁ2ꢀforꢀreels.ꢀꢀPartsꢀareꢀorientedꢀinꢀ
tapeꢀandꢀreelꢀasꢀshownꢀbelow.ꢀꢀMinimumꢀorderꢀquantitiesꢀareꢀ2000ꢀperꢀreelꢀandꢀ100ꢀforꢀlooseꢀparts.ꢀSeeꢀModelꢀ
Numbersꢀbelowꢀforꢀfurtherꢀorderingꢀinformation.ꢀ
ꢀ
DirectionꢀofꢀPartꢀ
DimensionsꢀareꢀinꢀInches[MM]
Feedꢀ(Unloading)
ꢀ
XXXꢀXXꢀXꢀXꢀꢁꢀXXꢀX
XingerꢀCoupler Frequencyꢀ(MHz) Sizeꢀ(Inches) Powerꢀ(Watts) CouplingꢀValue
PlatingꢀFinish
04ꢀ=ꢀ410ꢁ500
07ꢀ=ꢀ600ꢁ900
Aꢀ=ꢀ0.56ꢀxꢀ0.35 1ꢀ=ꢀ100
Bꢀ=ꢀ1.0ꢀxꢀ0.50 2ꢀ=ꢀ200
Eꢀ=ꢀ0.56ꢀxꢀ0.20 3ꢀ=ꢀ300
Lꢀ=ꢀ0.65ꢀxꢀ0.48
M=ꢀ0.40ꢀxꢀ0.20
Pꢀ=ꢀ0.25ꢀxꢀ0.20
03ꢀ=ꢀ3dB
05ꢀ=ꢀ5dB
10ꢀ=ꢀ10dB
20ꢀ=ꢀ20dB
30ꢀ=ꢀ30dB
Pꢀ=ꢀTinꢀLead
Sꢀ=ꢀImmersionꢀTin
09ꢀ=ꢀ800ꢁ1000
19ꢀ=ꢀ1700ꢁ2000
21ꢀ=ꢀ2000ꢁ2300
25ꢀ=ꢀ2300ꢁ2500
26ꢀ=ꢀ2650ꢁ2800
35ꢀ=ꢀ3300ꢁ3800
X3C
Example:ꢀX3Cꢀ19ꢀPꢀ1ꢀꢁꢀ03ꢀS
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
USA/Canada:ꢀ
TollꢀFree:ꢀ
Europe:
ꢀ(315)ꢀ432ꢁ8909ꢀ
(800)ꢀ411ꢁ6596ꢀ
+44ꢀ2392ꢁ232392
AvailableꢀonꢀTapeꢀandꢀ
ReelꢀforꢀPickꢀandꢀPlaceꢀ
Manufacturing.
ꢀ
相关型号：
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