CS9236_技术文档

CS9236

Single-Chip Wavetable Music Synthesizer

Features

General Description

The CS9236 is a complete General MIDI wavetable mu-

sic synthesizer on a single integrated circuit. The MIDI

interpreter, synthesis engine, effects processing, and all

RAM and ROM memories (including the wavetable sam-

ple ROM) are included on-chip. This all-digital device

receives a standard serial MIDI data stream, and outputs

a stereo 16-bit digital audio stream at 44.1kHz. The

CS9236 digital audio output is directly compatible with

the Crystal CS4236B/37B/38B multimedia CODECs,

and with the CS4333 DAC.

• Single low-cost device includes MIDI

controller, synthesis engine, effects

processing, RAM, and sample ROM

• General MIDI (GM) compliant

• 32-note polyphony at 44.1kHz rate

• Independent reverb and chorus levels

for each MIDI channel

The CS9236 features a high quality General MIDI sam-

ple set including 128 melodic instruments and 47

percussion sounds. The synthesis engine is capable of

generating up to 32 simultaneous notes. Digital rever-

beration and chorusing effects are included on-chip.

• +3.3V supply, +5V tolerant inputs

• Fully static power-down capability

• Simple to design in - Serial MIDI in,

Stereo digital audio out

The CS9236 is the ideal low-cost General MIDI synthe-

sizer solution for a number of applications, including

multimedia PCs, game machines, karaoke, and low-cost

musical instruments and MIDI sound modules.

• Digital audio output directly Interfaces

with the CS4236B/37B/38B and

CS4333

ORDERING INFORMATION

CS9236-CL 0° to 70

°C

CS9236-CQ 0° to 70°C

28-pin PLCC

44-pin TQFP

____

PDN

____

RST

VDD1

VDD2

TEST

MCLK5I

XTAL3I

XTALO

Clock Generation

& Control

Sample ROM

Effects RAM

SOUT

LRCLK

MIDI_IN

MIDI Interpreter

Synthesis Engine

Effects Processor

GND1

GND2

This document contains information for a new product. Crystal

Semiconductor reserves the right to modify this product without notice.

Preliminary Product Information

Crystal Semiconductor Corporation

P.O. Box 17847, Austin, Texas 78760

(512) 445 7222 FAX: (512) 445 7581

http://www.crystal.com

MAY ‘97

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Copyright Crystal Semiconductor Corporation 1997

CS9236

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS .............................................................................4

SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................................4

DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................6

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ......................................................................................... 6

GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................7

CS9236/CS4236B/37B/38B Typical Connections ......................................................................7

CS9236/CS4333 Typical Connections ........................................................................................8

CS9236 Clocks and Timing Generation ....................................................................................9

Power-Down Modes .....................................................................................................................9

Digital Audio Interface ................................................................................................................9

Reset ..............................................................................................................................................9

GENERAL MIDI (GM) MELODIC INSTRUMENTS AND PERCUSSION SOUNDS ..............10

MIDI IMPLEMENTATION ...............................................................................................................13

Channel Voice Messages ...........................................................................................................13

Control Change Messages .........................................................................................................13

Registered Parameters ..............................................................................................................13

Channel Mode Messages ...........................................................................................................13

System Realtime Messages ........................................................................................................14

System Exclusive Messages .......................................................................................................14

Message Definitions ...................................................................................................................16

Channel Voice Messages.....................................................................................................16

NOTE ON..........................................................................................................................16

NOTE OFF ........................................................................................................................16

PROGRAM CHANGE......................................................................................................17

CHANNEL PRESSURE (Channel Aftertouch) ................................................................17

PITCH BEND CHANGE ..................................................................................................18

Control Change Messages...................................................................................................19

MODULATION WHEEL (CONTROLLER 1) ................................................................19

DATA ENTRY (CONTROLLERS 6 and 38)...................................................................19

VOLUME (CONTROLLER 7) .........................................................................................19

PAN (CONTROLLER 10) ................................................................................................20

EXPRESSION (CONTROLLER 11)................................................................................20

DAMPER PEDAL/SUSTAIN (CONTROLLER 64)........................................................20

SOSTENUTO (CONTROLLER 66).................................................................................21

EFFECT 1 DEPTH/REVERB SEND LEVEL (CONTROLLER 91)...............................21

EFFECT 3 DEPTH/CHORUS SEND LEVEL (CONTROLLER 93) ..............................21

REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER (RPN) (CONTROLLERS 100 and 101).......22

Registered Parameters........................................................................................................23

PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY (RPN 00)..........................................................................23

FINE TUNING (RPN 01)..................................................................................................23

COARSE TUNING (RPN 02)...........................................................................................24

Channel Mode Messages.....................................................................................................25

ALL SOUNDS OFF (Controller 120) ...............................................................................25

RESET ALL CONTROLLERS (Controller 121)..............................................................25

ALL NOTES OFF (Controller 123) ..................................................................................25

OMNI MODE OFF (Controller 124) ................................................................................25

OMNI MODE ON (Controller 125)..................................................................................26

MONO MODE ON (Controller 126) ................................................................................26

POLY MODE ON (Controller 127) ..................................................................................26

System Real Time Messages...............................................................................................27

2

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CS9236

ACTIVE SENSING...........................................................................................................27

SYSTEM RESET ..............................................................................................................27

System Exclusive Messages ................................................................................................28

ENABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE......................................28

DISABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE.....................................28

ENABLE TEST TONE .....................................................................................................29

DISABLE TEST TONE....................................................................................................29

PIN DESCRIPTIONS ..........................................................................................................................30

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CS9236

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (DGND=0V, all voltages with respect to 0V.)

Parameter

Symbol

Min

3.0

0

Typ

3.3

25

Max

3.6

70

Units

V

Power Supply

VD

T

Operating Ambient Temperature

°C

A

Per JEDEC Standard No. 8-A for LVCMOS

SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (T = 0 - 70 °C; VD = +3.3V ± .3V, outputs loaded with 30pF;

A

Input Levels: Logic 0 = 0V, Logic 1 = 5V) (Note 1)

Parameter

Input clock (CLKIN) frequency

Symbol

Min

Typ

Max

Units

f

(Note 2)

16.92

23.6

-

16.9344

16.95

MHz

ns

ck

t

CLKIN low time

-

ckl

t

CLKIN high time

-

ns

ckh

f

LRCLK frequency

44.1

-

kHz

%

lrw

LRCLK duty cycle

47

50

53

10

t

SOUT delay from LRCLK rising/falling edge

-

ns

sdsk

MIDI_IN Bit Rate (Asynchronous to MCLK5I or XTAL3I)

RST pulse width low

30937.5

500

300

0.15

31250

31562.5 bits/s

t

-

ns

rpw

t

PDN pulse width low

ppw

t

RST high to valid MIDI input

PDN high to valid MIDI input

ms

rdr

t

rdp

Notes: 1. XTAL3I input level is VD.

2. LRCLK frequency is equal to f /384. Optimum synthesized pitch and envelope characteristics will be

ck

achieved when CLKIN frequency, f , is equal to 16.9344 MHz (LRCLK frequency, f = 44.1 kHz).

ck

lrw

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

4

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CS9236

-1

)

(f

ck

t

ckl

ckh

MCLK_IN

Master Clock Timing

-1

)

(f

lrw

LRCLK

SOUT

t

sdsk

Digital Audio Port Timing

t

rdr

rpw

RST

t

ppw

rdp

PDN

MIDI

DATA

MIDI_IN

Start Bit

RST/PDN Timing

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CS9236

DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS (T = 25 °C; VD = +3.3V)

A

Parameter

Symbol

Min

2.0

Max

Units

V

High-level Input Voltage

Low-level Input Voltage

(Note 3)

-

V

IH

V

-0.3

0.8

IL

High-level Output Voltage at I = -100µA

VD - 0.3

VD - 0.5

O

V

-

V

OH

at I = -1mA

O

Low-level Output Voltage at I = 100µA

-

0.3

0.5

O

V

OL

at I = 4mA

O

Input leakage Current

Supply Current

(Digital Inputs)

-

10

µA

(Normal Operation)

(Power Down with RST)

(Power Down with PDN)

-

150

400

1

mA

µA

mA

Notes: 3. JEDEC Standard No. 8-A for LVCMOS, copyright Electronic Industries Association 1994, specifies

VD+0.3 max. CS9236 digital inputs are +5V tolerant.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (DGND = 0V, all voltages with respect to 0V)

Parameter

Symbol

Min

Max

Units

Power Supplies

VD

-0.3

-

4.6

±20

5.25

125

V

mA

V

Input Current

(Except Supply Pins)

(Power Applied)

Digital Input Voltage

Ambient Temperature

Storage Temperature

-0.3

-55

°C

Warning:

Operation beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.

Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.

6

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CS9236

a complete ISA Plug-and-Play compatible sound system for

multimedia PC applications. Figure 1 depicts the typical con-

nections between the CS9236 and the CS4236B/37B/38B. In

this application, the CS4236B/37B/38B 16.9344 MHz

MCLK gated clock output drives the CS9236 MCLK5I input,

eliminating the need for a separate quartz crystal circuit.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The CS9236 is a complete 32-note General MIDI music syn-

thesizer with integral digital effects processing in a single de-

vice. This device accepts a standard serial MIDI data stream

at 31.25 kbit/s and generates a stereo digital audio output data

stream at 44.1 ksample/s sampling rate. The device operates

from a single 3.3VDC supply. The digital inputs to the device

are 5V tolerant, allowing direct connection to parts which are

powered from 5V or 3V supplies. The CS9236 has been de-

signed to interface directly with the Crystal Semiconductor

CS4236B/37B/38B Single Chip Audio Systems and with the

CS4333 Stereo D/A Converter (DAC). When the CS9236 is

used in conjunction with the CS4236B/37B/38B, the digital

audio output from the CS9236 is input to the CS4236B/37B/

38B in digital format, so no separate DAC is required. In ap-

plications which require an analog output from the CS9236,

the CS4333 DAC is employed to convert the digital audio

output of the CS9236 into analog format.

MIDI messages are sent from the host PC to the CS4237B

over the ISA bus. The CS4236B/37B/38B provides a Plug-

and-Play configurable MPU-401 UART mode-compatible

ISA MIDI interface. The CS4236B/37B/38B MPU-401

UART function transmits the MIDI data received over the

ISA bus to the CS9236 (and to the Joystick MIDI Out pin) in

serial format. The CS9236 interprets the MIDI messages and

generates the appropriate musical sounds. These sounds are

output in serial digital audio format at the CS9236 SOUT pin.

The digital audio output from the CS9236 is input directly

into the CS4236B/37B/38B, eliminating the need for a sepa-

rate DAC.

For more details on using the CS9236 with the CS4236B/

37B/38B, see Application Note 92, "Configuring the

CS423xB/CS9236 Wavetable Interface."

CS9236/CS4236B/37B/38B Typical Connections

The CS9236 combined with the CS4236B/37B/38B provides

Figure 1. CS9236/CS4236B, CS4237B or CS4238B Typical Connections

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7

CS9236

the CS9236 RST and PDN inputs. In some applications it

may be desirable to control one or both of these control sig-

nals dynamically.

CS9236/CS4333 Typical Connections

In applications which require analog audio output from the

CS9236 synthesizer, the CS4333 Stereo DAC is utilized.

Figure 2 shows typical connections for a stand-alone music

synthesizer application (e.g. low-cost musical keyboards,

MIDI modules, game boxes). In this application the CS9236

digital audio output, SOUT, and the associated clocks, LR-

CLK and XTALO, are input to the CS4333. The CS4333

converts the stereo digital audio data stream into left and right

analog audio outputs, LOUT and ROUT.

The CS4333 clock input is driven by the CS9236 crystal os-

cillator output pin. The CS9236 must be placed as close as

possible to the CS4333 in order to minimize the length of the

XTALO/MCLK trace. The XTALO capacitor must be 10 pF,

while the XTAL3I capacitor remains the typical 22 pF. If the

CS9236 cannot be placed close to the CS4333, the buffered

crystal circuit shown in Figure 3 or a MicroClock MK1444-

02 clock generator may be used. Do not use separate 16.9344

MHz crystals/clock sources for the synthesizer and DAC.

Note that the example shown in Figure 2 employs an R-C fil-

ter circuit to generate a reset signal which is applied to both

Figure 2. CS9236/CS4333 Typical Connections.

Figure 3. Buffered Crystal Oscillator Circuit.

8

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CS9236

CS9236 Clocks and Timing Generation

Digital Audio Interface

The CS9236 internal timing is derived from one of two pos-

sible sources; the part may be supplied a 16.9344 MHz Mas-

ter Clock signal from an external source, or the timing may be

generated using the on-chip oscillator circuit in conjunction

with an external 16.9344 MHz quartz crystal. When a Master

Clock signal is provided to the CS9236 from an external de-

vice, the Master Clock signal should be connected to the

CS9236 MCLK5I input pin and the XTAL3I input pin is

grounded. When the CS9236 internal timing is generated us-

ing the on-chip oscillator circuit, a 16.9344 MHz quartz crys-

tal is connected between the CS9236 XTAL3I input pin and

the XTALO output pin, and the MCLK5I input pin is ground-

ed. In this case, the XTALO output may also be used as a

384X master clock for the CS9236 digital audio output signal,

SOUT.

The CS9236 provides a stereo 16-bit serial digital audio out-

put at a 44.1 ksample/s sampling rate. The CS9236 digital au-

dio output is compatible with the Crystal Semiconductor

CS4236B/37B/38B and CS4333 devices. The digital audio

interface consists of the digital audio output signal, SOUT,

and the associated left/right word clock output, LRCLK.

Transitions of the SOUT and LRCLK signals are synchro-

nous to the CS9236 crystal oscillator output clock, XTALO.

The relationship between the CS9236 SOUT data output and

the LRCLK clock output is indicated in Figure 4.

Reset

The CS9236 is initialized/reset to a known default state using

the RST signal. The RST signal should be applied at power-

on time to initialize the part. Minimum RST pulse width is

500 ns.

Power-Down Modes

The CS9236 provides a fully-static power-down mode of op-

eration. The power-down mode is initiated either by assertion

of the active-low PDN signal, or by gating off of the MCLK5I

input signal (via the CODEC DMCLK bit in CS4236B/7B/8B

applications). In the power-down mode of operation, clock

signals to virtually all of the CS9236 internal circuitry are gat-

ed off to minimize power consumption. The CS9236 device

is fully static, so all internal states and register values will be

retained during power-down, provided that power remains

applied to the device and that the RST signal remains inac-

tive. Power-down operation is terminated either by deasser-

tion of PDN or by gating back on the MCLK5I input signal.

The device will then resume normal operation.

LRCLK

SOUT

Left Channel

Right Channel

0

8-bits

15 14 13 12 11 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

8-bits

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 4. Digital Audio Port Format.

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9

CS9236

(MIDI Controller 91), whichever is greater. The CHORUS

SEND level used for a percussion sound on channel 10 will

be either the default value for that percussion sound, or the

MIDI CHORUS SEND value (MIDI Controller 93), which-

ever is greater.

GENERAL MIDI (GM) MELODIC

INSTRUMENTS AND PERCUSSION

SOUNDS

The CS9236 supports 128 melodic instruments and 47 per-

cussive sounds as specified by the General MIDI Level 1

specification.

Some of the percussion instrument sounds available on chan-

nel 10 belong to “mutually exclusive groups”. Although mul-

tiple sounds may be generated simultaneously on channel 10

when operating in the normal POLY ON mode, no more than

one sound from each of the mutually exclusive groups may

sound at a given time. For example, the Open Hi-Hat (Note

# 46), the Closed Hi-Hat (Note # 42), and the Pedal Hi-Hat

(Note # 44) all belong to the same mutually exclusive group.

If the Open Hi-Hat was already sounding when a MIDI

NOTE ON message was received for the Closed Hi-Hat, the

Closed Hi-Hat would be played while the Open Hi-Hat would

be immediately forced into it’s release phase (the two notes

would overlap only for the duration of the release phase of the

Open Hi-Hat sound). A Crash Cymbal sound (not a member

of this mutually exclusive group) which was also playing

when the NOTE ON message was received would not be af-

fected.

MIDI messages generally consist of a single status byte fol-

lowed by one or two data bytes (Real-Time messages and

System Exclusive messages are exceptions). The status byte

is an eight-bit value which indicates the type of message, and

for Channel Voice or Channel Mode messages, the MIDI

channel number to which the message applies. The most sig-

nificant bit of the Status byte is always a “1”. The most sig-

nificant bit a MIDI Data byte is always a “0”, so a data byte

contains only 7 bits of useful data. Status bytes and Data

bytes for functions not implemented are ignored.

In General MIDI (GM) instruments like the CS9236, MIDI

channels 1 - 9 and 11 - 16 are used for melodic instruments.

On MIDI channels 1 - 9 and 11 - 16, the MIDI Program

Change message is used to select the instrument to be used on

a specific MIDI channel. The General MIDI melodic instru-

ment set is listed in Table 1.

The General MIDI percussion sound map is given in Table 2.

This table also indicates the mutually exclusive group mem-

bership for each of the percussion sounds as implemented in

the CS9236.

The General MIDI system reserves channel 10 for key-

mapped percussion sounds. The General MIDI percussion

map defines the association of percussion sounds to key num-

bers (note numbers) for use on channel 10. Program Change

messages on channel 10 are ignored. The CS9236 includes

default settings for the PAN, the REVERB SEND level, and

the CHORUS SEND level for each of the General MIDI per-

cussion sounds. The PAN setting used for a percussion sound

on channel 10 is a function of both the CS9236 default value

and the MIDI PAN value for channel 10 (PAN messages on

channel 10 are interpreted by the CS9236 as relative, rather

than absolute, values). For example, the default pan value for

the Hand Clap is 54 (10 units left of center) and the default

pan value for the Tambourine is 74 (10 units right of center).

A MIDI PAN message on channel 10 indicating a new pan

value of 50 (14 units left of center) for the channel would

place the Hand Clap at 40 (24 units left of center), and the

Tambourine at 60 (4 units left of center). A MIDI PAN mes-

sage on channel 10 indicating a new pan value of 0 (64 units

left of center, or “hard left”) for the channel would place the

Hand Clap at 0 (hard left), and the Tambourine at 10 (54 units

left of center). The REVERB SEND level used for a percus-

sion sound on channel 10 will be either the default value for

that percussion sound, or the MIDI REVERB SEND value

10

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CS9236

PC# Instrument name

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Acoustic Grand Piano 33 Acoustic Bass

65 Soprano Sax

97 FX 1 (rain)

Bright Acoustic Piano

Electric Grand Piano

Honky-tonk Piano

Electric Piano 1

Electric Piano 2

Harpsichord

34 Electric Bass (finger) 66 Alto Sax

98 FX 2 (soundtrack)

99 FX 3 (crystal)

100 FX 4 (atmosphere)

101 FX 5 (brightness)

102 FX 6 (goblins)

103 FX 7 (echoes)

104 FX 8 (sci-fi)

35 Electric Bass (pick)

36 Fretless Bass

37 Slap Bass 1

38 Slap Bass 2

39 Synth Bass 1

40 Synth Bass 2

67 Tenor Sax

68 Baritone Sax

69 Oboe

70 English Horn

71 Bassoon

72 Clarinet

Clavi

9

Celesta

41 Violin

73 Picclo

105 Sitar

10 Glockenspiel

11 Music Box

12 Vibraphone

13 Marimba

14 Xylophone

15 Tubular Bells

16 Dulcimer

42 Viola

43 Cello

74 Flute

106 Banjo

107 Shamisen

108 Koto

109 Kalimba

110 Bag Pipe

111 Fiddle

112 Shanai

75 Recorder

76 Pan Flute

77 Blown Bottle

78 Shakuhachi

79 Whistle

44 Contrabass

45 Tremelo Strings

46 Pizzicato Strings

47 Orchestral Harp

48 Timpani

80 Ocarina

17 Drawbar Organ

18 Percusive Organ

19 Rock Organ

20 Church Organ

21 Reed Organ

22 Accordion

49 String Ensemble 1

50 String Ensemble 2

51 SynthStrings 1

52 SynthStrings 2

53 Choir Aahs

81 Lead 1 (square)

82 Lead 2 (sawtooth)

83 Lead 3 (calliope)

84 Lead 4 (chiff)

85 Lead 5 (charang)

86 Lead 6 (voice)

87 Lead 7 (fifths)

113 Tinkle Bell

114 Agogo

115 Steel Drums

116 Woodblock

117 Taiko Drum

118 Melodic Tom

119 Synth Drum

54 Voice Oohs

55 Synth Voice

23 Harmonica

24 Tango Accordian

56 Orchestra Hit

88 Lead 8 (bass + lead) 120 Reverse Cymbal

25 Acoustic Guit. (nylon)

26 Acoustic Guit. (steel)

27 Electric Guitar (jazz)

28 Electric Guitar (clean)

57 Trumpet

58 Trombone

59 Tuba

89 Pad 1 (new age)

90 Pad 2 (warm)

91 Pad 3 (polysynth)

92 Pad 4 (choir)

93 Pad 5 (bowed)

94 Pad 6 (metallic)

95 Pad 7 (halo)

121 Guitar Fret Noise

122 Breath Noise

123 Seashore

124 Bird Tweet

125 Telephone Ring

126 Helicopter

60 Muted Trumpet

29 Electric Guitar (muted) 61 French Horn

30 Overdriven Guitar

31 Distortion Guitar

32 Guitar harmonics

62 Brass Section

63 SynthBrass 1

64 SynthBrass 2

127 Applause

128 Gunshot

96 Pad 8 (sweep)

Table 1. General MIDI Melodic Instrument Map (MIDI channels 1 - 9, 11 - 16)

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11

CS9236

Note #

Drum Sound

Acoustic Bass Drum

Excl #

Note #

Drum Sound

Ride Cymbal 2

Excl #

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

Bass Drum 1

Side Stick

Hi Bongo

Low Bongo

Mute Hi Conga

Open Hi Conga

Low Conga

High Timbale

Low Timbale

High Agogo

Low Agogo

Cabasa

Acoustic Snare

Hand Clap

Electric Snare

Low Floor Tom

Closed Hi-Hat 1

High Floor Tom

Pedal Hi-Hat 1

Low Tom

1

Open Hi-Hat 1

Low Mid Tom

Hi Mid Tom

Maracas

Short Whistle

Long Whistle

Short Guiro

Long Guiro

Claves

2

3

Crash Cymbal 1

High Tom

Ride Cymbal 1

Chinese Cymbal

Ride Bell

Hi Wood Block

Low Wood Block

Mute Cuica

Open Cuica

Mute Triangle

Open Triangle

Tambourine

Splash Cymbal

Cowbell

4

5

Crash Cymbal 2

Vibraslap

Table 2. General MIDI Percussion Map (MIDI channel 10 only)

12

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CS9236

processed by the CS9236 include the NOTE ON, NOTE OFF,

CONTROL CHANGE, PROGRAM CHANGE, PITCH

BEND CHANGE, and CHANNEL PRESSURE messages.

MIDI IMPLEMENTATION

The CS9236 MIDI interpreter responds to all MIDI messages

specified for General MIDI Level 1.0 compliance. The GM

messages include NOTE ON, NOTE OFF, PROGRAM

CHANGE, CHANNEL PRESSURE, PITCH BEND

CHANGE, MODULATION WHEEL (Controller 1), DATA

ENTRY (Controllers 6 & 18), VOLUME (Controller 7), PAN

(Controller 10), EXPRESSION (Controller 11), DAMPER

PEDAL/SUSTAIN (Controller 64), PITCH BEND SENSI-

TIVITY (RPN 00), FINE TUNING (RPN 01), COARSE

TUNING (RPN 02), RESET ALL CONTROLLERS, and

ALL NOTES OFF.

Control Change Messages

The CS9236 processes MIDI Controller numbers 1 (MODU-

LATION WHEEL), 6 (DATA ENTRY MSB), 7 (CHAN-

NEL VOLUME), 10 (PAN), 11 (EXPRESSION), 38 (DATA

ENTRY LSB), 64 (DAMPER PEDAL), 66 (SOSTENUTO),

91 (REVERB DEPTH), 93 (CHORUS DEPTH), 100 (Regis-

ter Parameter LSB), 101 (Register Parameter MSB), 120

(ALL SOUNDS OFF), and 121 (RESET ALL CONTROL-

LERS).

In addition, the CS9236 MIDI interpreter responds to SOS-

TENUTO (Controller 66), EFFECT 1/REVERB SEND

LEVEL (Controller 91), EFFECT 3/CHORUS SEND LEV-

EL (Controller 93), ALL SOUNDS OFF, OMNI MODE OFF

(treated as ALL NOTES OFF), OMNI MODE ON (treated as

ALL NOTES OFF), MONO MODE ON, POLY MODE ON,

ACTIVE SENSING, SYSTEM RESET, and System Exclu-

sive messages (System Exclusive messages may be used to

enable/disable channel pressure and to enable/disable internal

test mode).

Registered Parameters

MIDI “Registered Parameter” data is transmitted to the

CS9236 using controller numbers 100 (Registered Parameter

LSB), 101 (Registered Parameter MSB), 6 (Data Entry

MSB), and 38 (Data Entry LSB). To transfer parameter data

to the CS9236, the parameter number for the parameter to be

updated is first selected using MIDI Controllers 100 and 101,

and then the data value for the selected parameter is transmit-

ted using controller numbers 6 and 38. The CS9236 responds

to the MIDI Registered Parameters for PITCH BEND SEN-

SITIVITY (RPN00), FINE TUNING (RPN01), and

COARSE TUNING (RPN02).

The MIDI interpreter correctly interprets MIDI data streams

transmitted using Running Status. “Running Status” is appli-

cable to Channel Voice messages and to Channel Mode Mes-

sages as follows: when a group of sequential messages in a

MIDI data stream should have the same status byte value, the

status byte must be included for the first message in the

group, but may be omitted for the subsequent messages of the

same status byte value. Running status allows long strings of

Channel Voice or Channel Mode messages to be sent using

only data bytes, with the status byte inferred by the last Chan-

nel Voice or Channel Mode status byte received. A message

with a different status byte value will reset the running status.

Note that even messages which are “ignored” or not other-

wise processed by the CS9236 will reset the running status

mode. Real-Time messages are an exception to this rule:

Real-Time messages do not affect running status.

Channel Mode Messages

The CS9236, like other popular synthesizer products, oper-

ates in a mode sometimes referred to as “Multimode”, de-

scribed as follows:

The CS9236 MIDI controller consists of 16 receiver channels

(one receiver channel for each of the 16 MIDI channels).

Each receiver channel receives MIDI messages on it's dedi-

cated MIDI channel. Each receiver channel can also receive

MODE messages on it's dedicated MIDI channel (the MIDI

channel for each receiver is also the “basic channel” for that

receiver) as follows: Each receiver channel is considered to

operate only in OMNI OFF mode, (each receiver channel can

only receive data on one MIDI channel). When a receiver

channel receives an OMNI ON message, it stops all ongoing

notes but remains in OMNI OFF mode.

A MIDI Implementation Chart for the CS9236 is given in Ta-

ble 3.

Channel Voice Messages

Channel Voice messages are used to control instrument voic-

es. Channel Voice messages consist of a status byte followed

by one or two data bytes. Channel Voice messages which are

Each receiver channel can accept a POLY ON message or a

MONO ON message. The POLY ON message sets the receiv-

DS214PP11

13

CS9236

er channel to “Mode 3” operation (OMNI OFF/POLY). This

is the default mode of operation for all receiver channels. In

mode 3, the receiver channel responds to MIDI messages on

it's dedicated MIDI channel polyphonically (it can play mul-

tiple MIDI notes simultaneously).

The MONO ON message sets the receiver channel to “Mode

4” operation (OMNI OFF/MONO). In mode 4, the receiver

channel responds to MIDI messages on it's dedicated MIDI

channel monophonically (it can only play one MIDI note at a

time). In this mode, if a NOTE ON message is received on

the receiver's MIDI channel while a note is already sounding,

the receiver will quickly turn off the note which is already

sounding and play the new note.

System Realtime Messages

MIDI SYSTEM REAL TIME messages may occur at any

point in the MIDI data stream, including between the Status

and Data bytes of another MIDI message. SYSTEM REAL

TIME messages are not interpreted as a new receiver status

and do not affect the operation of Running Status. The MIDI

SYSTEM REAL TIME messages are: TIMING CLOCK

(F8H), START (FAH), CONTINUE (FBH), STOP (FCH),

ACTIVE SENSING (FEH), and SYSTEM RESET (FFH).

The CS9236 processes the ACTIVE SENSING and SYS-

TEM RESET messages only. The TIMING CLOCK,

START, CONTINUE and STOP messages are ignored.

System Exclusive Messages

The CS9236 supports MIDI System Exclusive Messages for

enabling/disabling receipt of MIDI Channel Pressure and for

enabling/disabling of the CS9236 test tone. The System Ex-

clusive Manufacturer ID assigned for Crystal Semiconductor

Corporation is 0x00, 0x01, 0x02. The Product ID for the

CS9236 is 0x01, and the Version Number is 0x01.

The CS9236 will power-up with Channel Pressure disabled.

To enable Channel Pressure, the ENABLE RECOGNITION

OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE System Exclusive mes-

sage must be sent. Channel Pressure is disabled by sending

the DISABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL

PRESSURE message. Likewise, for testing purposes, a fea-

ture to enable a test tone is available. To begin playing the

test tone, the ENABLE TEST TONE System Exclusive mes-

sage must be sent. To turn the tone off, the DISABLE TEST

TONE message must be sent.

14

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CS9236

WAVETABLE SYNTHESIZER

Model: CS9236

Date: July 11, 1996

Version: 1.00

MIDI Implementation Chart

Transmitted Recognized

Function

Remarks

Basic

Channel

Default

Changed

X

1 - 16

X

"Multi-mode operation", Note 1.

Mode

Default

Messages

Altered

X

Mode 3

Channels 1 - 16, Note 1.

Note 1

OMNI OFF, POLY, MONO (m=1)

OMNI ON > OMNI OFF

************

Note

Number

X

0 - 127

True Voice

************

Velocity

Note On

Note Off

X

O

X

After

Touch

Key’s

Channel

X

O

Pitch Bend

X

O

Control

Change

1 X

6, 38 X

7 X

10 X

11 X

64 X

66 X

91 X

93 X

O

Modulation Wheel

Data Entry MSB, LSB

Channel Volume

Pan

Expression

Damper Pedal (Sustain)

Sostenuto

Effect 1 Depth (Reverb)

Effect 3 Depth (Chorus)

RPN LSB, MSB

100, 101 X

Program

Change

X

O

True Number

************

0 - 127

Program Numbers 1 - 128

System Exclusive

X

O

System

Common

Song Position

Song Select

Tune Request

X

System

Real Time

Clock

Commands

X

Aux

Messages

All Sounds Off

Reset All Controllers X

X

O

X

O

Local On/Off

All Notes Off

Active Sensing

System Reset

Poly On

X

Mono On

Notes 1. For Mode selection, this device responds as 16 MIDI receivers, one for each MIDI channel. Each MIDI

receiver accepts mode messages on it’s own MIDI channel (basic channel = MIDI channel of receiver).

Each MIDI receiver operates in MODE 3 (default) or MODE 4 only.

MODE 1: Omni On, Ploly

MODE 3: Omni Off, Poly

MODE 2: Omni On, Mono

MODE 4: Omni Off, Mono

0: Yes

X: No

Table 3. MIDI Implementation Chart

DS214PP11

15

CS9236

Message Definitions

Channel Voice Messages

NOTE ON

9nH

kkH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

kk = note number

vv = velocity

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

00 - 7FH (1 - 127)

The NOTE ON message is used to turn on a note for a specified MIDI channel. Note number 3CH (60) is Middle C. In the

CS9236, the NOTE ON velocity value may control several characteristics of the resulting sound. The velocity value is used

to scale the amplitude envelope for all of the instruments in the CS9236 according to the following formula:

Max_env = (constant) * 10 ^ ((127 - velocity_value) * (-0.00835)).

For certain instruments, the velocity value also affects characteristics such as low-pass filter cutoff frequency, allowing the

timbre of the instrument to change subtlety as a function of velocity. MIDI controllers/transmitters which are not velocity

sensitive should use velocity = 40H (64). A NOTE ON message with velocity = 00 is defined to be a NOTE OFF message

with NOTE OFF velocity of 40H (this allows long strings of NOTE ON and NOTE OFF events to be sent as data bytes only

using running status).

NOTE OFF

8nH

kkH

or

kkH

vvH

00H

9nH

n = MIDI channel number

kk = note number

vv = velocity

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

00 - 7FH (ignored)

The NOTE OFF message is used to turn off a note on a specified MIDI channel (this message triggers the “release” portion

of the note’s amplitude envelope, wherein the amplitude decays to zero). Note number 3CH (60) = Middle C. MIDI con-

trollers/transmitters which are not velocity sensitive should use velocity = 40H. The NOTE OFF velocity value is ignored

by the CS9236. A note can be turned off using the NOTE OFF message (status byte = 8nH) or using the NOTE ON message

(9nH) with velocity = 00. The NOTE ON message with velocity = 00 is defined to be a NOTE OFF message with NOTE

OFF velocity of 40H (this allows long strings of NOTE ON and NOTE OFF events to be sent as data bytes only using running

status). The DAMPER PEDAL (Sustain) ON (MIDI Controller 64) takes priority over the NOTE OFF and ALL NOTES

OFF messages: the NOTE OFF or ALL NOTES OFF messages are recognized, but not acted on until the DAMPER PEDAL

is released (OFF). The SOSTENUTO PEDAL (MIDI Controller 66) ON takes priority over the NOTE OFF and ALL

NOTES OFF messages in a similar way, with the exception that SOSTENUTO only affects notes which were already active

at the time that SOSTENUTO was switched from OFF to ON (See description of DAMPER PEDAL and SOSTENUTO mes-

sages).

16

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CS9236

Channel Voice Messages (Continued)

PROGRAM CHANGE

CnH

ppH

n = MIDI channel number

pp = program number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (1 - 128)

For the “melodic instrument channels” (MIDI channels 1 - 9, 11 - 16), the PROGRAM CHANGE message is used to select

the melodic instrument to be used on a specified MIDI channel. MIDI channel 10 is used for the General MIDI percussion

set, and PROGRAM CHANGE messages on MIDI channel 10 are ignored.

In this document, the melodic instruments are numbered from 1 through 127 (MIDI program number value +1). The Pro-

gram Change message does not affect notes in progress. Notes in Progress continue to sound using their original instrument

selection. Note On messages received after the Program Change message will sound using the new instrument selection.

CHANNEL PRESSURE (Channel Aftertouch)

DnH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = value

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127) <OFF>

In the CS9236, the MIDI Channel Pressure message may be used to control the pitch modulation (vibrato) level on a speci-

fied channel. Recognition of CHANNEL PRESSURE may be enabled or disabled in the CS9236 using MIDI System Ex-

clusive messages. Recognition of CHANNEL PRESSURE is disabled by default (CHANNEL PRESSURE messages are

ignored). When recognition of CHANNEL PRESSURE is enabled, the CHANNEL PRESSURE value is summed with the

current MODULATION WHEEL value and with the default modulation level defined for the selected instrument on the

specified channel to determine the actual vibrato level applied to the sound. When enabled, CHANNEL PRESSURE at

maximum value will contribute a modulation (vibrato) depth of 50 cents. The response curve is linear. The total depth, re-

sulting from CHANNEL PRESSURE, MODULATION WHEEL, and default modulation level, may be as high as one semi-

tone. When enabled, CHANNEL PRESSURE affects all notes playing on the specified channel. Pitch modulation in the

CS9236 is implemented using independent low frequency oscillator (LFO) implementations for each note.

Some of the instruments implemented in the CS9236 include a default pitch envelope (the pitch of a note begins slightly

sharp or flat, and then ramps to the final pitch for the note). For notes with default pitch envelopes, pitch modulation (vibrato)

will begin only after the pitch envelope has reached final pitch.

DS214PP11

17

CS9236

Channel Voice Messages (Continued)

PITCH BEND CHANGE

EnH

llH

mmH

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00,00 - 40,00 - 7FH,7FH (-8192 - 0 - 8192)

n = MIDI channel number

mm,ll = value

The PITCH BEND CHANGE message is used to control a pitch offset from the values specified in the NOTE ON messages

received on the specified channel. The PITCH BEND CHANGE message applies to all notes on the specified channel. The

default value for PITCH BEND CHANGE is zero. The pitch bend range is set by the PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY message

(MIDI Controller 00). The default pitch bend range is +/- 2 semitones (a PITCH BEND CHANGE value of 8192 would

result in a pitch change of +2 semitones). The maximum pitch bend range is +/- 24 semitones (see PITCH BEND SENSI-

TIVITY message description).

18

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CS9236

Control Change Messages

MODULATION WHEEL (CONTROLLER 1)

BnH

01H

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = modulation depth

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

In the CS9236, the MODULATION WHEEL message (MIDI Controller 1) is used to control the pitch modulation (vibrato)

level on a specified channel. The MODULATION WHEEL depth value is summed with the current CHANNEL PRESSURE

value and with the default modulation level defined for the selected instrument on the specified channel to determine the

actual vibrato level applied to the sound. The MODULATION WHEEL at maximum depth value will contribute a modu-

lation (vibrato) depth of 50 cents. The response curve is linear. The total depth, resulting from CHANNEL PRESSURE,

MODULATION WHEEL, and default modulation level, may be as high as one semitone. The MODULATION WHEEL

affects all notes playing on the specified channel. Pitch modulation in the CS9236 is implemented using independent low

frequency oscillator (LFO) implementations for each note.

Some of the instruments implemented in the CS9236 include a default pitch envelope (the pitch of a note begins slightly

sharp or flat, and then ramps to the final pitch for the note). For notes with default pitch envelopes, pitch modulation (vibrato)

will begin only after the pitch envelope has reached final pitch.

DATA ENTRY (CONTROLLERS 6 and 38)

BnH

06H

26H

mmH

llH

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

mm = data value MSB for specified RPN (see REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER description)

ll = data value LSB for specified RPN (see REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER description)

MIDI “Registered Parameter” data is transmitted to the CS9236 using controller numbers 100 (Registered Parameter LSB),

101 (Registered Parameter MSB), 6 (Data Entry MSB), and 38 (Data Entry LSB). To transfer parameter data to the CS9236,

the parameter number for the parameter to be updated is first selected using MIDI Controllers 100 and 101, and then the data

value for the selected parameter is transmitted using controller numbers 6 and 38. See description of REGISTERED PA-

RAMETER NUMBER (Controllers 100 and 101).

VOLUME (CONTROLLER 7)

BnH

07H

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = volume

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

The VOLUME message (MIDI Controller 7) is used in conjunction with the MIDI EXPRESSION message (Controller 11)

to control the overall volume of notes on a specified MIDI channel. The VOLUME and EXPRESSION curves are described

by the following equation:

Attenuation from full scale (dB) = 40 ln ((VOLUME_value * EXPRESSION_value) / (127^2))

The CS9236 default value for VOLUME is 100.

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19

CS9236

Control Change Messages (Continued)

PAN (CONTROLLER 10)

BnH

0AH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = pan

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 40 - 7FH (0 - 64 - 127) <Left - Center - Right>

The PAN message (MIDI Controller 10) is used to control the left/right output placement for notes played on the specified

MIDI channel. A PAN value of 0 indicates hard left, 64 indicates center (equally balanced between left and right), and 127

indicates hard right. The CS9236 implements an “equal-power” pan scaling as indicated by the following formulae:

Left_scaling = ((127 - PAN_value) / 127) ^ 0.5

Right_scaling = (PAN_value / 127) ^ 0.5

On the melodic instrument channels (MIDI channels 1 - 9, 11 - 16), the MIDI PAN value is absolute (the received value

replaces the default value for the instrument selected on the specified channel). On the percussion channel (MIDI channel

10) the MIDI PAN value is relative to the default value for each of the individual percussion sounds.

EXPRESSION (CONTROLLER 11)

BnH

0BH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = expression

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

The VOLUME message (MIDI Controller 7) is used in conjunction with the MIDI EXPRESSION message (Controller 11)

to control the overall volume of notes on a specified MIDI channel. The VOLUME and EXPRESSION curves are described

by the following equation:

Attenuation from full scale (dB) = 40 ln ((VOLUME_value * EXPRESSION_value) / (127^2))

The CS9236 default value for EXPRESSION is 127.

DAMPER PEDAL/SUSTAIN (CONTROLLER 64)

BnH

40H

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = control value

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 3FH (0 - 63) <OFF>

40 - 7FH (64 - 127) <ON>

The DAMPER PEDAL (Controller 64) allows notes on a specified MIDI channel to continue sounding after their corre-

sponding NOTE OFF messages have been received. The DAMPER PEDAL ON state takes priority over the NOTE OFF

and ALL NOTES OFF messages: the NOTE OFF or ALL NOTES OFF messages are recognized, but not acted on until the

DAMPER PEDAL is set OFF (released). The DAMPER PEDAL ON state results in progression of the normal sustain en-

velope of ongoing notes.

20

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CS9236

Control Change Messages (Continued)

SOSTENUTO (CONTROLLER 66)

BnH

40H

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = control value

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 3FH (0 - 63) <OFF>

40 - 7FH (64 - 127) <ON>

The effect of SOSTENUTO is similar to DAMPER PEDAL (SUSTAIN), except that SOSTENUTO only affects notes which

were already active at the time that SOSTENUTO was switched ON. Notes which were already playing when the SOSTE-

NUTO ON message is received will be sustained until the corresponding NOTE OFF message is received or until SOSTE-

NUTO is turned OFF, whichever occurs later. NOTE ON messages which are received after SOSTENUTO has been

switched ON are not affected. The CS9236 default value for SOSTENUTO is zero (Off).

EFFECT 1 DEPTH/REVERB SEND LEVEL (CONTROLLER 91)

BnH

5BH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = reverb send depth

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

The REVERB SEND LEVEL message (MIDI Controller 91) is used to adjust the amount of reverb effect applied to sounds

played on the specified MIDI channel. Each melodic instrument (MIDI channels 1 - 9, 11 - 16) and each individual percus-

sion sound (MIDI channel 10) implemented in the CS9236 has a predefined default reverb send level. The reverb send level

used when a sound is produced is either the value received from a REVERB SEND LEVEL message (MIDI Controller 91)

or the default for the melodic instrument (or percussion sound) currently selected on the specified MIDI channel, whichever

is greater. The CS9236 reverb send level response curve is exponential.

EFFECT 3 DEPTH/CHORUS SEND LEVEL (CONTROLLER 93)

BnH

5DH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

vv = chorus send depth

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

The CHORUS SEND LEVEL message (MIDI Controller 93) is used to adjust the amount of chorus effect applied to sounds

played on the specified MIDI channel. Each melodic instrument (MIDI channels 1 - 9, 11 - 16) and each individual percus-

sion sound (MIDI channel 10) implemented in the CS9236 has a predefined default chorus send level. The chorus send level

used when a sound is produced is either the value received from a CHORUS SEND LEVEL message (MIDI Controller 93)

or the default for the melodic instrument (or percussion sound) currently selected on the specified MIDI channel, whichever

is greater. The CS9236 chorus send level response curve is exponential.

DS214PP11

21

CS9236

Control Change Messages (Continued)

REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER (RPN) (CONTROLLERS 100 and 101)

BnH

65H

64H

mmH

llH

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

mm = RPN parameter number (MSB)

ll = RPN parameter number (LSB)

MIDI “Registered Parameter” data is transmitted to the CS9236 using controller numbers 100 (Registered Parameter LSB),

101 (Registered Parameter MSB), 6 (Data Entry MSB), and 38 (Data Entry LSB). To transfer parameter data to the CS9236,

the parameter number for the parameter to be updated is first selected using MIDI Controllers 100 and 101, and then the data

value for the selected parameter is transmitted using controller numbers 6 and 38. The CS9236 recognizes MIDI Registered

Parameter Numbers 00 (PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY), 01 (FINE TUNING), and 02 (COURSE TUNING) as described in

the following paragraphs.

22

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CS9236

Registered Parameters

PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY (RPN 00)

RPN

MSB

00H

DATA

MSB

mmH

LSB

00H

LSB

llH

DESCRIPTION

PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY (RPN 00)

mm: sensitivity in semitones

Range is 00 - 18H (+/-0 to +/-24 semitones, default is +/-2 semitones)

ll: sensitivity in cents

Ignored

The PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY parameter (MIDI Registered Parameter Number 00) is used to set the amount of pitch

change which will result from subsequently received PITCH BEND CHANGE messages. The PITCH BEND SENSITIV-

ITY is channel specific (independent values are maintained for each MIDI channel). The CS9236 default sensitivity is +/-2

semitones (a maximum value of PITCH BEND CHANGE will result in a pitch change of +2 semitones, the minimum value

of PITCH BEND CHANGE will result in a pitch change of -2 semitones). The maximum sensitivity for the CS9236 is +/-

24 semitones (+/- two octaves). See description of REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER (Controllers 100 and 101) and

DATA ENTRY (Controllers 6 and 38) Control Change messages.

FINE TUNING (RPN 01)

RPN

MSB

00H

DATA

MSB

mmH

LSB

01H

LSB

llH

DESCRIPTION

FINE TUNING (RPN 01)

mm,ll: fine pitch offset in cents from A440

resolution is 100/8192 cents

range is 00,00 - 40,00 - 7FH,7FH

(-8192*100/8192 - 0 - +8191*100/8192 cent)

The FINE TUNING parameter (MIDI Registered Parameter Number 01) is used for fine tuning of the pitch of instruments

played on the specified MIDI channel. The FINE TUNING parameter provides high resolution control of tuning for pitch

changes of up to one semitone. The COARSE TUNING parameter (MIDI Registered Parameter Number 02) provides coarse

tuning in semitone units. See description of REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER (Controllers 100 and 101) and DATA

ENTRY (Controllers 6 and 38) Control Change messages.

DS214PP11

23

CS9236

Registered Parameters (Continued)

COARSE TUNING (RPN 02)

RPN

MSB

00H

DATA

MSB

mmH

LSB

02H

LSB

llH

DESCRIPTION

COARSE TUNING (RPN 02)

mm: pitch offset in semitones from A440

resolution is 100 cents (one semitone)

range is 28H - 40 - 58H (-24 - 0 - +24 semitone)

ll: ignored per MIDI spec

The COARSE TUNING parameter (MIDI Registered Parameter Number 02) is used for fine tuning of the pitch of instru-

ments played on the specified MIDI channel. The COARSE TUNING parameter provides coarse tuning in semitone units.

The FINE TUNING parameter (MIDI Registered Parameter Number 01) provides high resolution control of tuning for pitch

changes of up to one semitone. See description of REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER (Controllers 100 and 101) and

DATA ENTRY (Controllers 6 and 38) Control Change messages.

24

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CS9236

Channel Mode Messages

ALL SOUNDS OFF (Controller 120)

BnH

78H

00H

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

The ALL SOUNDS OFF message is used to immediately turn off all sounds on the specified MIDI channel. Sounds which

are turned off using ALL SOUNDS OFF do not proceed through the normal release stage of their amplitude envelope(s).

RESET ALL CONTROLLERS (Controller 121)

BnH

79H

00H

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

The RESET ALL CONTROLLERS message is used to reset MIDI Controller values for the specified MIDI channel back

to their initial/default states. The RESET ALL CONTROLLERS message will restore the following parameter values in the

CS9236 (Note that restoration of the PITCH BEND CHANGE value in response to RESET ALL CONTROLLERS will not

affect notes already in progress):

Controller/MIDI parameter

PITCH BEND CHANGE

CHANNEL PRESSURE

MODULATION WHEEL

EXPRESSION

Value after RESET ALL CONTROLLERS

40H, 40H (center)

0H (Off)

7FH (127)

0H (Off)

HOLD1 (Sustain)

ALL NOTES OFF (Controller 123)

BnH

7BH

00H

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

The ALL NOTES OFF message is used to turn off all notes on the specified MIDI channel. Notes which are turned off using

ALL NOTES OFF will proceed through the normal release stage of their amplitude envelope(s). The DAMPER PEDAL

(MIDI Controller 64) ON takes priority over the NOTE OFF and ALL NOTES OFF messages: the NOTE OFF or ALL

NOTES OFF messages are recognized, but not acted on until the DAMPER PEDAL is released (OFF). The SOSTENUTO

PEDAL (MIDI Controller 66) ON takes priority over the NOTE OFF and ALL NOTES OFF messages in a similar way, with

the exception that SOSTENUTO only affects notes which were already active at the time that SOSTENUTO was switched

from OFF to ON (See description of DAMPER PEDAL and SOSTENUTO messages).

OMNI MODE OFF (Controller 124)

BnH

7CH

00H

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

The CS9236 responds to the OMNI MODE OFF message as if it were an ALL NOTES OFF message (See ALL NOTES

OFF). The specified channel remains in OMNI OFF mode (All channels operate only in OMNI OFF mode in the CS9236).

DS214PP11

25

CS9236

Channel Mode Messages (Continued)

OMNI MODE ON (Controller 125)

BnH

7DH

00H

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

The CS9236 responds to the OMNI MODE ON message as if it were an ALL NOTES OFF message (See ALL NOTES

OFF). The specified channel remains in OMNI OFF mode (All channels operate only in OMNI OFF mode in the CS9236).

MONO MODE ON (Controller 126)

BnH

7EH

mmH

0 - FH (1 - 16)

00 - 10H (0 - 16) <ignored>

n = MIDI channel number

mm = number of mono

On receipt of the MONO MODE ON message, the CS9236 performs ALL SOUNDS OFF on the specified MIDI channel

(see description of ALL SOUNDS OFF message), and the specified channel is set to Mode 4 (OMNI OFF/MONO). In mode

4, the specified channel will respond to MIDI messages monophonically (it can only play one MIDI note at a time). In this

mode, if a NOTE ON message is received on the specified MIDI channel while a note is already sounding, the new note will

be played while the old/ongoing note is forced into the release phase of it’s amplitude envelope (the notes will overlap for

the duration of the release phase of the older note).

POLY MODE ON (Controller 127)

BnH

7FH

00H

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

On receipt of the POLY MODE ON message, the CS9236 performs ALL SOUNDS OFF on the specified MIDI channel

(see description of ALL SOUNDS OFF message), and the specified channel is set to Mode 3 (OMNI OFF/POLY). In

mode 3, the specified channel will respond to MIDI messages polyphonically (it can play multiple MIDI notes simulta-

neously). Mode 3 is the default mode of operation for each MIDI channel in the CS9236.

26

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CS9236

System Real Time Messages

ACTIVE SENSING

FEH

MIDI Transmitters which are using active sensing will send the ACTIVE SENSING message (FEH) every 300 ms maximum

(270 recommended) whenever there is no other MIDI data being transmitted. The CS9236 defaults to Active Sensing OFF

mode of operation. When the CS9236 detects an ACTIVE SENSING message, it begins operating in Active Sensing ON

mode. In Active Sensing ON mode, the CS9236 monitors the elapsed time between receipt of MIDI messages. If the elapsed

time exceeds 372 ms., then the CS9236 executes ALL SOUNDS OFF and RESET ALL CONTROLLERS on each MIDI

channel and returns to Active Sensing OFF mode.

SYSTEM RESET

FFH

The SYSTEM RESET message will cause the CS9236 to set Mode 3 (OMNI OFF/POLY) operation for each MIDI channel,

execute ALL SOUNDS OFF and RESET ALL CONTROLLERS on each MIDI channel, return to Active Sensing OFF

mode, and return to initialized power-up status.

DS214PP11

27

CS9236

System Exclusive Messages

ENABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE

F0H 00H 01H 02H 01H 01H 01H F7H

F0H = MIDI System Exclusive Header

00H, 01H, 02H =

System Exclusive Manufacturer ID:

Crystal Semiconductor Corp.

01H = Product ID: CS9236

01H = Model/Version ID: 01

01H = Message Type: Enable Channel Pressure

F7H = End of System Exclusive flag (EOX)

Receipt of the ENABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE system exclusive message will cause the

CS9236 to recognize subsequent MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE messages on all MIDI channels. (See description of

CHANNEL PRESSURE message). By default, the CS9236 disables recognition of CHANNEL PRESSURE.

DISABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE

F0H 00H 01H 02H 01H 01H 02H F7H

F0H = MIDI System Exclusive Header

00H, 01H, 02H =

System Exclusive Manufacturer ID:

Crystal Semiconductor Corp.

01H = Product ID: CS9236

01H = Model/Version ID: 01

02H = Message Type: Disable Channel Pressure

F7H = End of System Exclusive flag (EOX)

Receipt of the DISABLE RECOGNITION OF MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE system exclusive message will cause the

CS9236 to ignore subsequent MIDI CHANNEL PRESSURE messages on all MIDI channels. (See description of CHAN-

NEL PRESSURE message). By default, the CS9236 disables recognition of CHANNEL PRESSURE.

28

DS214PP11

CS9236

System Exclusive Messages (Continued)

ENABLE TEST TONE

F0H 00H 01H 02H 01H 01H 03H F7H

F0H = MIDI System Exclusive Header

00H, 01H, 02H =

System Exclusive Manufacturer ID:

Crystal Semiconductor Corp.

01H = Product ID: CS9236

01H = Model/Version ID: 01

03H = Message Type: Enable Test Mode

F7H = End of System Exclusive flag (EOX)

Receipt of the ENABLE TEST TONE system exclusive message will cause the CS9236 to output a 1 kHz sinusoidal test tone.

The test tone output will be affected by MIDI Channel Voice Messages for MIDI channel 10 (i.e. VOLUME, EXPRESSION,

PAN, PITCH BEND CHANGE, MODULATION, REVERB SEND LEVEL, CHORUS SEND LEVEL). The test tone output

level under default conditions for VOLUME, EXPRESSION, PAN, PITCH BEND CHANGE, MODULATION, REVERB

SEND LEVEL, and CHORUS SEND LEVEL on channel 10 is 34 dB below digital full scale. By default, the test tone output is

disabled.

DISABLE TEST TONE

F0H 00H 01H 02H 01H 01H 04H F7H

F0H = MIDI System Exclusive Header

00H, 01H, 02H =

System Exclusive Manufacturer ID:

Crystal Semiconductor Corp.

01H = Product ID: CS9236

01H = Model/Version ID: 01

04H = Message Type: Disable Test Mode

F7H = End of System Exclusive flag (EOX)

Receipt of the DISABLE TEST TONE system exclusive message will cause the CS9236 to disable the test tone output (See

description of ENABLE TEST TONE). By default, the test tone output is disabled.

DS214PP11

29

CS9236

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

NC

44 42 40

38 36 34

RST

PDN

GND1

MCLK5I

XTAL3I

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

XTAL0

GND2

VDD2

VDD1

CS9236

44-pin TQFP

(Q)

MIDI_IN

TEST

LRCLK

SOUT

9

10

11

NC

12 14 16

18 20 22

NC

MCLK5I

4

3

2

1

28 27 26

5

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

RST

XTAL3I

XTAL0

GND2

6

PDN

7

CS9236

8

GND1

VDD1

28-pin PLCC

(L)

9

VDD2

10

11

LRCLK

MIDI_IN

TEST

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

SOUT

NC

30

DS214PP11

CS9236

MIDI_IN - Serial MIDI Data Input, PIN 20 (L), PIN 28 (Q).

Serial MIDI data input to the device. This data stream contains MIDI messages which are used

to control music synthesis and initiation/termination of the Test Tone.

SOUT - Serial Audio Data Output, PIN 11 (L), PIN 8 (Q).

Serial data output stream carrying the stereo digital audio output from the device. The digital

audio output sample rate is 44.1 ksample/s, stereo.

LRCLK - Serial Audio Data Left/Right Clock Output, PIN 10 (L), PIN 7 (Q).

This is the left/right word clock output associated with the serial data output, SOUT. The

LRCLK signal identifies word alignment of the SOUT data stream.

RST - Reset Input, PIN 24 (L), PIN 32 (Q).

This active-low input signal is used to initialize all of the devices internal states and registers to

a known default state. The RST signal will silence the digital audio output.

PDN - Power-Down Input, PIN 23 (L), PIN 31 (Q).

This active-low input signal is used to set the device to the low power consumption Power-

Down mode of operation. The Power-Down mode is fully static; all internal states and register

values are retained during Power-Down. Deassertion of the PDN signal returns the device to

normal operation.

TEST - Factory Test Input, PIN 19 (L), PIN 27 (Q).

Used for factory testing of device. This pin must be tied to digital ground during normal

operation.

MCLK5I - 5 Volt Master Clock Input, PIN 5 (L), PIN 2 (Q).

This is the master clock input for the device. The CS9236 internal timing is derived from one

of two possible sources; the part may be supplied a 16.9344 MHz Master Clock signal from an

external source, or the timing may be generated using the on-chip oscillator circuit in

conjunction with an external 16.9344 MHz quartz crystal. When a Master Clock signal is

provided to the CS9236 from an external device, the Master Clock signal should be connected

to the CS9236 MCLK5I input pin and the XTAL3I input pin is grounded. When the CS9236

internal timing is generated using the on-chip oscillator circuit, a 16.9344 MHz quartz crystal is

connected between the CS9236 XTAL3I input pin and the XTALO output pin, and the

MCLK5I input pin is grounded. In this case, the XTALO output may also be used as a 384X

master clock for the CS9236 digital audio output signal, SOUT.

DS214PP11

31

CS9236

XTAL3I - 3 Volt Crystal Oscillator Input, PIN 6 (L), PIN 3 (Q).

This is the input pin for the on-chip crystal oscillator circuit. The CS9236 internal timing is

derived from one of two possible sources; the part may be supplied a 16.9344 MHz Master

Clock signal from an external source, or the timing may be generated using the on-chip

oscillator circuit in conjunction with an external 16.9344 MHz quartz crystal. When a Master

Clock signal is provided to the CS9236 from an external device, the Master Clock signal

should be connected to the CS9236 MCLK5I input pin and the XTAL3I input pin is grounded.

When the CS9236 internal timing is generated using the on-chip oscillator circuit, a 16.9344

MHz quartz crystal is connected between the CS9236 XTAL3I input pin and the XTALO

output pin, and the MCLK5I input pin is grounded. In this case, the XTALO output may be

used as a 384X master clock for the CS9236 digital audio output signal, SOUT.

XTALO - Crystal Oscillator Output/384X Digital Audio Clock Output, PIN 7 (L), PIN 4 (Q).

This pin is the output of the on-chip crystal oscillator circuit. This output may also be used as a

384X master clock for the CS9236 digital audio output signal, SOUT. The CS9236 internal

timing is derived from one of two possible sources; the part may be supplied a 16.9344 MHz

Master Clock signal from an external source, or the timing may be generated using the on-chip

oscillator circuit in conjunction with an external 16.9344 MHz quartz crystal. When a Master

Clock signal is provided to the CS9236 from an external device, the Master Clock signal

should be connected to the CS9236 MCLK5I input pin and the XTAL3I input pin is grounded.

When the CS9236 internal timing is generated using the on-chip oscillator circuit, a 16.9344

MHz quartz crystal is connected between the CS9236 XTAL3I input pin and the XTALO

output pin, and the MCLK5I input pin is grounded. In this case, the XTALO output may be

used as a 384X master clock for the CS9236 digital audio output signal, SOUT.

VDD1, VDD2 - Digital Supply Voltage, PINS 21 and 9 (L), PINS 29 and 6 (Q), respectively.

3.3VDC supply voltage connections for the device.

GND1, GND2 - Digital Ground, PINS 22 and 8 (L), PINS 30 and 5 (Q), respectively.

0 VDC digital ground connections for the device.

NC - No Connection, PINS 1-4, 12-18, 25-28 (L), PINS 1, 9-26, 33-44 (Q)

These pins must be left floating (no connection to external circuitry).

32

DS214PP11

CS9236

PACKAGE PARAMETERS

44 PIN TQFP

D

44 LEAD TQFP

MILLIMETERS

D1

INCHES

MAX

MIN

NOM

MIN

NOM MAX

DIM

1.60

0.15

A

A1

0.063

0.006

0.05

1.35

0.30

0.09

0.002

A2

b

1.45

1.40

0.37

0.053 0.055

0.057

0.45

0.014 0.016 0.018

0.004 0.006 0.008

0.462 0.472 0.482

0.390 0.394 0.398

0.026

E1

E

0.20

c

0.145

12.25

10.10

D/E

11.75 12.0

D1/E1

9.90

10.0

e

L

0.90

0.75

7°

0.036

0.030

7°

0.70

0.45

0°

0.80

0.60

3.5°

0.031

0.018 0.024

0°

3.5°

ccc

0.004

0.10

1

A2

A

c

e

b

A1

L

A

B

C

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

9.91

10.92

12.32

12.57

11.43

11.58

(0.430)

(0.495)

(0.456 )

(0.485)

(0.390)

(0.450)

B

A

28 pin

PLCC

4.62 (0.182)

4.11 (0.162)

1.14 (0.045)

0.63 (0.025)

1.27(0.050)

x45deg.NOM

1.14 (0.045) x 45deg.

NOM

B

A

2.41 (0.095)

MIN

0.25 (0.010) R

MAX

C

1.35 (0.053)

1.19 (0.047)

0.46 ( 0.018 )

0.33 ( 0.013 )

3

NOM

3

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS AND PARENTHETICALLY IN INCHES.

DS214PP11

33


型号：	CS9236
厂家：	CIRRUS LOGIC
描述：	SINGLE-CHIP WAVETABLE MUSIC SYNTHESIZER 单芯片波表音乐合成器
文件：	总34页 (文件大小：414K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

CS9236 [CIRRUS]

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