PKU4318LPIPLA [ERICSSON]
DC-DC Regulated Power Supply Module, 1 Output, 30W, Hybrid, ROHS COMPLIANT PACKAGE-8;
| 型号： | PKU4318LPIPLA |
| 厂家： | 
ERICSSON |
| 描述： | DC-DC Regulated Power Supply Module, 1 Output, 30W, Hybrid, ROHS COMPLIANT PACKAGE-8 |
| 文件： | 总38页 (文件大小：1050K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
3AMay2007
Key Features
•
Industry standard Sixteenth-brick
33.02 x 22.86 x 9.90 mm (1.3 x 0.9 x 0.39 in.)
Wide output adjust, e.g. 3.3V +10/-40%
1500 Vdc input to output isolation
Meets isolation requirements equivalent to basic
insulation according to IEC/EN/UL 60950
More than 1.61 million hours MTBF
•
•
•
•
General Characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pre-biased start-up capability
Output over voltage protection
Input under voltage shut-down
Over temperature protection
Monotonic start-up
Output short-circuit protection
Remote sense
Remote control
Safety Approvals
Design for Environment
Output voltage adjust function
Highly automated manufacturing ensures quality
ISO 9001/14001 certified supplier
Meets requirements in high-
temperature lead-free soldering
processes.
Contents
General Information
Safety Specification
Absolute Maximum Ratings
............................................................. 2
............................................................. 3
............................................................. 4
Product Program
Ordering No.
1.2 V/25 A Electrical Specification
1.5 V/25 A Electrical Specification
1.8 V/25 A Electrical Specification
2.5 V/15 A Electrical Specification
3.3 V/15 A Electrical Specification
5.0 V/10 A Electrical Specification
12.0 V/4.2 A Electrical Specification
15.0 V/3.3 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4318L PI ...................................... 5
PKU 4318H PI ...................................... 8
PKU 4418G PI .................................... 11
PKU 4319 PI....................................... 14
PKU 4510 PI....................................... 17
PKU 4511 PI....................................... 20
PKU 4513 PI....................................... 23
PKU 4515 PI....................................... 26
EMC Specification
........................................................... 29
........................................................... 30
........................................................... 32
........................................................... 33
........................................................... 34
........................................................... 36
........................................................... 37
........................................................... 38
Operating Information
Thermal Consideration
Connections
Mechanical Information
Soldering Information
Delivery Information
Product Qualification Specification
2
3AMay2007
General Information
Exemptions in the RoHS directive utilized in Ericsson
Power Modules products include:
Ordering Information
-
Lead in high melting temperature type solder (used to
See Contents for individual product ordering numbers.
solder the die in semiconductor packages)
Lead in glass of electronics components and in
electronic ceramic parts (e.g. fill material in chip
resistors)
-
Option
Suffix
SI
PI
P
LA
Ordering No.
PKU 4510 SI *
PKU 4510 PI
PKU 4510 PIP
PKU 4510 PILA
Isolated Surface mount
Isolated Through-hole
Positive Remote Control Logic
Lead length 3.69 mm (0.145 in)
Note: As an example a through-hole mounted, positive logic, short pin
product would be PKU 4510 PIPLA.
-
Lead as an alloying element in copper alloy containing
up to 4% lead by weight (used in connection pins
made of Brass)
* Samples available on request.
Reliability
Quality Statement
The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) is calculated at full
output power and an operating ambient temperature (TA) of
+40°C, which is a typical condition in Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) equipment. Different
methods could be used to calculate the predicted MTBF
and failure rate which may give different results. Ericsson
Power Modules currently uses Telcordia SR332.
The products are designed and manufactured in an
industrial environment where quality systems and methods
like ISO 9000, 6σ (sigma), and SPC are intensively in use to
boost the continuous improvements strategy. Infant
mortality or early failures in the products are screened out
and they are subjected to an ATE-based final test.
Conservative design rules, design reviews and product
qualifications, plus the high competence of an engaged
work force, contribute to the high quality of our products.
Predicted MTBF for the series is:
-
1.61 million hours according to Telcordia SR332, issue
1, Black box technique.
Warranty
Warranty period and conditions are defined in Ericsson
Power Modules General Terms and Conditions of Sale.
Telcordia SR332 is a commonly used standard method
intended for reliability calculations in ICT equipment. The
parts count procedure used in this method was originally
modelled on the methods from MIL-HDBK-217F, Reliability
Predictions of Electronic Equipment. It assumes that no
reliability data is available on the actual units and devices
for which the predictions are to be made, i.e. all predictions
are based on generic reliability parameters.
Limitation of Liability
Ericsson Power Modules does not make any other
warranties, expressed or implied including any warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose
(including, but not limited to, use in life support
applications, where malfunctions of product can cause
injury to a person’s health or life).
Compatibility with RoHS requirements
The products are compatible with the relevant clauses and
requirements of the RoHS directive 2002/95/EC and have a
maximum concentration value of 0.1% by weight in
homogeneous materials for lead, mercury, hexavalent
chromium, PBB and PBDE and of 0.01% by weight in
homogeneous materials for cadmium.
3
3AMay2007
Safety Specification
Isolated DC/DC converters
It is recommended that a slow blow fuse with a rating
twice the maximum input current per selected product be
used at the input of each DC/DC converter. If an input filter
is used in the circuit the fuse should be placed in front of
the input filter.
General information
Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converters and DC/DC
regulators are designed in accordance with safety
standards IEC/EN/UL60950, Safety of Information
Technology Equipment.
In the rare event of a component problem in the input filter
or in the DC/DC converter that imposes a short circuit on
the input source, this fuse will provide the following
functions:
IEC/EN/UL60950 contains requirements to prevent injury
or damage due to the following hazards:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electrical shock
Energy hazards
Fire
Mechanical and heat hazards
Radiation hazards
Chemical hazards
•
•
Isolate the faulty DC/DC converter from the input
power source so as not to affect the operation of
other parts of the system.
Protect the distribution wiring from excessive
current and power loss thus preventing
hazardous overheating.
On-board DC-DC converters are defined as component
power supplies. As components they cannot fully comply
with the provisions of any Safety requirements without
“Conditions of Acceptability”. It is the responsibility of the
installer to ensure that the final product housing these
components complies with the requirements of all
applicable Safety standards and Directives for the final
product.
The galvanic isolation is verified in an electric strength test.
The test voltage (Viso) between input and output is
1500 Vdc or 2250 Vdc for 60 seconds (refer to product
specification).
Leakage current is less than 1 µA at nominal input voltage.
24 V DC systems
The input voltage to the DC/DC converter is SELV (Safety
Extra Low Voltage) and the output remains SELV under
normal and abnormal operating conditions.
Component power supplies for general use should comply
with the requirements in IEC60950, EN60950 and
UL60950 “Safety of information technology equipment”.
48 and 60 V DC systems
There are other more product related standards, e.g.
IEEE802.3af “Ethernet LAN/MAN Data terminal equipment
power”, and ETS300132-2 “Power supply interface at the
input to telecommunications equipment; part 2: DC”, but
all of these standards are based on IEC/EN/UL60950 with
regards to safety.
If the input voltage to Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC
converter is 75 Vdc or less, then the output remains SELV
(Safety Extra Low Voltage) under normal and abnormal
operating conditions.
Single fault testing in the input power supply circuit should
be performed with the DC/DC converter connected to
demonstrate that the input voltage does not exceed
75 Vdc.
Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converters and DC/DC
regulators are UL60950 recognized and certified in
accordance with EN60950.
If the input power source circuit is a DC power system, the
source may be treated as a TNV2 circuit and testing has
demonstrated compliance with SELV limits and isolation
requirements equivalent to Basic Insulation in accordance
with IEC/EN/UL60950.
The flammability rating for all construction parts of the
products meets requirements for V-0 class material
according to IEC 60695-11-10.
The products should be installed in the end-use
equipment, in accordance with the requirements of the
ultimate application. Normally the output of the DC/DC
converter is considered as SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) and the input source must be isolated by
minimum Double or Reinforced Insulation from the primary
circuit (AC mains) in accordance with IEC/EN/UL60950.
Non-isolated DC/DC regulators
The input voltage to the DC/DC regulator is SELV (Safety
Extra Low Voltage) and the output remains SELV under
normal and abnormal operating conditions.
4
3AMay2007
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristics
min
-45
typ
max
+110
+125
+80
1500
100
25
Unit
°C
°C
V
Tref
TS
Operating Temperature (see Thermal Consideration section)
Storage temperature
-55
VI
Input voltage
-0.5
Viso
Vtr
Isolation voltage (input to output test voltage)
Input voltage transient (tp 100 ms)
Vdc
V
Positive logic option
Negative logic option
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
V
Remote Control pin voltage
(see Operating Information section)
VRC
Vadj
25
V
Adjust pin voltage (see Operating Information section)
6
V
Stress in excess of Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings, sometimes referred to as no destruction limits, are
normally tested with one parameter at a time exceeding the limits of Output data or Electrical Characteristics. If exposed to stress above these limits, function and
performance may degrade in an unspecified manner.
Fundamental Circuit Diagram
Primary
Secondary
+ In
+ Out
+ Sense
Primary
Driver
Secondary
Driver
- Sense
- Out
Control and
Supervision
Vadj
Bias supply
and OTP
Isolated
Feedback
RC
- In
5
3AMay2007
1.2 V/25 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4318L
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
VI
Input voltage range
V
Decreasing input voltage
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
VIon
33
34.5
V
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
0
30
10
W
83.5
82.5
84
max IO
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO
83
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
6.3
W
W
IO = 0 A, VI = 53 V
VI = 53 V (turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
1.8
PRC
fs
0.13
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
1.176
1.20
1.224
V
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
See operating information
0-100 % of max IO
1.00
1.16
1.18
1.32
1.24
1.22
12
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
5
5
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
10
Load transient
voltage deviation
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 7 A/μs,
Vtr
ttr
tr
±160
25
±250
50
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
5
9
6
7
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
10
11
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.05
0.3
0.1
0.7
5
0.2
1.0
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
0.5
0.5
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
IO
Output current
0
25
35
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
26
31
20
A
Tref = 25ºC, see Note 2
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
70
130
mVp-p
V
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of
OVP
Over voltage protection
1.55
max IO
Note 1: See Operating information section Turn-off Input Voltage.
Note 2: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
6
3AMay2007
1.2 V/25 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4318L
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
90
[W]
10
8
6
4
2
0
85
80
75
70
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
65
0
5
10
15
2 0
2 5
[A]
0
5
10
15
20
25 [A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
30
[°C/W]
12
3.0 m/s
25
20
15
10
5
10
8
2.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
6
1.0 m/s
4
Nat. Conv.
2
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
[°C]
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0[m/s]
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
1. 3 0
2.00
1. 2 5
1. 2 0
1. 15
1. 10
1.50
1.00
0.50
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
0.00
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 [A]
0
5
10
15
2 0
2 5
[A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
7
3AMay2007
1.2 V/25 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4318L
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 20 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 5 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 25 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.2 ms/div.).
I
O = 25 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 25 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage ( 200 mV/div.).
change (6.25 - 18.75 - 6.25 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 10 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired −1.20 ⎞
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟ V
⎜
⎟
⎠
⎛ 5.11×1.20
100 + Δ%
511
⎞
1.20
⎝
Radj = ⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ
⎜
⎟
1.225×Δ%
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Upwards => 1.30 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 1.248Vdc
⎛
1.30 −1.20 ⎞
⎜
⎜
1.225 + 2.45×
⎟
⎟
V = 1.43 V
⎛ 5.11×1.20
100 + 4
511
4
⎞
1.20
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ = 128 kΩ
⎟
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 1.0 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
1.00 −1.20 ⎞
V = 0.82 V
⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎛ 511⎞
1.20
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 1.176 Vdc
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
8
3AMay2007
1.5 V/25 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4318H
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
VI
Input voltage range
V
Decreasing input voltage
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
See Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
VIon
33
34.5
V
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
0
37.5
W
86
85
max IO
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO
86
85
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
6.7
2
10
W
W
IO = 0 A, VI = 53 V
VI = 53 V (turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
PRC
fs
0.15
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
1.47
1.50
1.53
V
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
See operating information
0-100 % of max IO
1.00
1.455
1.48
1.65
1.545
1.52
12
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
5
5
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
10
Load transient
voltage deviation
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 7 A/μs,
Vtr
ttr
tr
±120
15
±250
50
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
3.5
5
6
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
7
9
10
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.05
0.1
0.7
5
0.2
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
0.6
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
0.65
IO
Output current
0
25
35
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
26
31
20
A
Tref = 25ºC, see Note 2
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
80
150
mVp-p
V
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of
OVP
Over voltage protection
1.9
max IO
Note 1: See Operating information section Turn-off Input Voltage.
Note 2: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
9
3AMay2007
1.5 V/25 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4318H
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
95
[W]
10
8
6
4
2
0
90
85
80
75
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
[A]
[A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
30
[°C/W]
14
3.0 m/s
2.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
Nat. Conv.
25
20
15
10
5
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
[°C]
0
[m/s]
3.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
1. 6 0
2.00
1. 5 5
1. 5 0
1. 0 0
36 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
1. 5 0
1. 4 5
1. 4 0
0.50
0.00
0
5
10
15
20
25
[A]
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
[A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
10
3AMay2007
1.5 V/25 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4318H
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Top trace: output voltage ( 0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 20 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 5 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
ref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 25 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.2 ms/div.).
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
T
IO = 25 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage ( 200 mV/div.).
change (6.25 - 18.75 - 6.25 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 10 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
I
O = 25 A resistive load.
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired −1.50 ⎞
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟ V
⎜
⎟
⎠
⎛ 5.11×1.50
100 + Δ%
511
⎞
1.50
⎝
Radj = ⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ
⎜
⎟
1.225×Δ%
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Upwards => 1.60 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 1.56 Vdc
⎛
1.60 −1.50 ⎞
⎜
⎜
1.225 + 2.45×
⎟
⎟
V = 1.39 V
⎛ 5.11×1.50
100 + 4
511
4
⎞
1.50
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ = 24.7 kΩ
⎟
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 1.0 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
1.00 −1.50 ⎞
V = 0.41 V
⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎛ 511⎞
1.50
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 1.47 Vdc
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
11
3AMay2007
1.8 V/25 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4418G
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
VI
Input voltage range
V
Decreasing input voltage
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
VIon
33
34.5
V
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
0
45
W
86.4
86.0
86.8
86.3
7.3
max IO
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO, VI = 48 V
max IO
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
11.5
W
W
IO = 0 A, VI = 53 V
VI = 53 V (turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
2.4
PRC
fs
0.15
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
1.764
1.80
1.836
V
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
See operating information
0-100 % of max IO
1.00
1.75
1.77
1.98
1.85
1.82
12
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
5
4
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
10
Load transient
voltage deviation
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 7 A/μs,
Vtr
ttr
tr
±120
20
±250
50
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
3.5
7
5
6
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
9
10
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.05
0.3
0.1
0.7
7
0.2
1.0
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
0.2
0.7
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
IO
Output current
0
25
35
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
26
31
20
A
Tref = 25ºC, see Note 2
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
85
150
mVp-p
V
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of
OVP
Over voltage protection
2.2
max IO
Note 1: See Operating information section Turn-off Input Voltage.
Note 2: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
12
3AMay2007
1.8 V/25 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4418G
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
90
[W]
10
8
6
4
2
0
85
80
75
70
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
65
0
0
5
10
15
2 0
2 5
[A]
5
10
15
2 0
2 5
[A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
30
[°C/W]
12
25
20
15
10
5
3.0 m/s
10
8
2.0 m/s
6
1.5 m/s
4
1.0 m/s
2
Nat. Conv.
0
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0[m/s]
0
20
40
60
80
100
[°C]
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
1.90
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
1.85
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
1.80
1.75
1.70
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32 [A]
0
5
10
15
20
25 [A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
13
3AMay2007
1.8 V/25 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4418G
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 20 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 5 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 25 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.2 ms/div.).
I
O = 25 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 25 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage ( 200 mV/div.).
change (6.25 - 18.75 - 6.25 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 10 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired −1.80 ⎞
⎟ V
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11×1.80
100 + Δ%
511
⎞
1.80
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ
⎜
⎟
1.225×Δ%
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Upwards => 1.90 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 1.872 V
⎛
1.90 −1.80 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟ V = 1.36 V
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11×1.80
(
100 + 4
)
511
4
⎞
1.80
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ = 57 kΩ
⎟
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 1.0 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
1.00 −1.80 ⎞
V = 0.14 V
⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎛ 511⎞
1.80
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 1.764 V
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
14
3AMay2007
2.5 V/15 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4319
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
max
75
Unit
V
VI
Input voltage range
Decreasing input voltage
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
V
VIon
33
34.5
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
0
37.5
8.5
W
88.0
87.3
88.7
87.6
5.5
max IO
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
W
W
IO = 0 A, VI = 53 V
VI = 53 V, turned off with RC
0-100 % of max IO
1.5
PRC
fs
0.15
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
2.45
2.50
2.55
V
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
See operating information
0-100 % of max IO
1.90
2.42
2.45
3.0
2.58
2.55
10
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
1
8
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
15
Load transient
voltage deviation
Vtr
ttr
tr
±125
20
±250
40
mV
μs
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 1 A/μs.
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
3.5
7
4
4.5
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
8
9
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.1
0.9
0.2
1.3
6
0.4
1.5
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
1
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
1.5
IO
Output current
0
15
22
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
16
18
13
A
Tref = 25ºC, see Note 2
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
55
100
mVp-p
V
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of
OVP
Over voltage protection
3.35
max IO
Note 1: See Operating Instruction, section Turn-off Input Voltage
Note 2: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V
15
3AMay2007
2.5 V/15 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4319
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
95
[W]
8
90
85
80
75
70
6
4
2
0
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
0
3
5
8
10
13
15 [A]
0
3
5
8
10
13
15 [A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
20
[°C/W]
12
3.0 m/s
10
8
15
10
5
2.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
6
4
1.0 m/s
2
Nat. Conv.
0
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0[m/s]
[°C]
0
20
40
60
80
100
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
2.60
2.58
2.55
2.53
2.50
2.48
2.45
2.43
2.40
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [A]
0
3
5
8
10
13
15 [A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
16
3AMay2007
2.5 V/15 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4319
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 1 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 15 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 1 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 1 ms/div.).
I
O = 15 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 15 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage ( 200 mV/div.).
change ( 3.75 — 11.25 -3.75 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 5 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
adj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
V
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired − 2.50 ⎞
⎟ V
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎛ 5.11× 2.50
(
100 + Δ%
)
511
⎞
⎜
⎟
2.50
Radj = ⎜
−
− 10.22⎟ kΩ
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎟
1.225 × Δ%
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Upwards => 2.75 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 2.60 Vdc
⎛
2.75 − 2.50 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 1.47 V
⎛ 5.11× 2.50
(
100 + 4
)
511
4
⎞
⎟
⎜
⎟
2.50
⎜
⎜
−
− 10.22⎟ kΩ = 133 kΩ
⎝
⎠
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 2.25 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
2.25 − 2.50 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 0.98 V
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎟
2.50
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 2.45 Vdc
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
17
3AMay2007
3.3 V/15 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4510
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
V
VI
Input voltage range
Decreasing input voltage,
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
V
VIon
33
34.5
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
0
49.5
9.5
W
89.7
89.2
89.9
89.3
6.0
max IO
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
W
W
IO = 0 A, VI = 53 V
VI = 53 V (turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
1.8
PRC
fs
0.15
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
3.24
3.30
3.36
V
See operating information and note 2
0-100 % of max IO
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
1.90
3.20
3.24
3.63
3.40
3.36
10
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
1
8
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
18
Load transient
voltage deviation
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 1 A/μs.
Vtr
ttr
tr
-165/+150
-330/+250
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
20
4
40
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
2.5
6
4.6
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
8
9
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.1
1.0
0.2
1.4
6
0.3
1.6
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
1
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
1.5
IO
Output current
0
15
22
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
16
18
14
A
Tref = 25ºC, see Note 3
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
60
100
mVp-p
V
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of
OVP
Over voltage protection
4.35
max IO
Note 1: See Operating Instruction, section Turn-off Input Voltage
Note 2: VI min 38 V to obtain 3.63 V at 49.5 W output power.
Note 3: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
18
3AMay2007
3.3 V/15 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4510
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
95
[W]
8
90
85
80
75
70
6
4
2
0
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
0
3
5
8
10
13
15 [A]
0
3
5
8
10
13
15 [A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
20
[°C/W]
14
12
10
8
3.0 m/s
15
10
5
2.0 m/s
6
1.5 m/s
4
1.0 m/s
2
0
Nat. Conv.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0[m/s]
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
[°C]
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
3.40
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
3.35
3.30
3.25
3.20
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
0
3
5
8
10
13
15 [A]
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
19
3AMay2007
3.3 V/15 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4510
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 1 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 15 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 1 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 1 ms/div.).
I
O = 15 resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 15 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage ( 200 mV/div.).
change (3.75 - 11.25 - 3.75 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 5 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired − 3.30 ⎞
⎟ V
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11× 3.30
(
100 + Δ%
)
511
⎞
3.30
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
⎟
Radj =
−
−10.22 kΩ
⎟
⎠
1.225× Δ%
Δ%
⎝
Example: Upwards => 3.50 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 3.432 Vdc
⎛
3.50 − 3.30 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 1.37 V
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11× 3.30
(
100 + 4
)
511
4
⎞
⎟
3.30
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
− 10.22⎟ kΩ = 220 kΩ
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 3.10 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
3.10 − 3.30 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 1.08 V
⎜
⎟
⎛ 511⎞
3.30
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 3.234 Vdc
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
20
3AMay2007
5.0 V/10 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4511
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
V
VI
Input voltage range
Decreasing input voltage,
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
V
VIon
33
34.5
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
max IO
0
50
W
89.8
89.6
90.0
89.8
5.8
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
8.5
W
W
IO = 0
1.8
PRC
fs
(turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
0.15
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
4.90
5.00
5.10
V
See operating information and note 2
0-100 % of max IO
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
4.00
4.85
4.90
5.50
5.15
5.10
10
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
5
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
15
22
Load transient
voltage deviation
Load step 25-75-25 % of max IO,
di/dt = 1 A/μs,
Vtr
ttr
tr
±250
20
±500
45
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
2
6
4.5
5.5
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90% of VOi)
ts
tf
8
10
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.1
1.0
0.2
1.2
5.5
0.3
1.4
ms
ms
ms
VI shutdown fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
0.8
1.1
ms
ms
A
RC shutdown fall time
(from RC off to 10% of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
IO
Output current
0
10
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
10.5
13.2
8
15.4
A
Tref = 25ºC, see Note 3
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
50
100
mVp-p
V
OVP
Over voltage protection
Tref = +25°C, 0-100% of max IO
6.1
Note 1: See Operating Instruction, section Turn-off Input Voltage
Note 2: VI min 38 V to obtain 5.50 V at 50 W output power.
Note 3: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
21
3AMay2007
5.0 V/10 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4511
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
95
[W]
8
90
85
80
75
6
4
2
0
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
70
0
2
4
6
8
10
[A]
0
2
4
6
8
10 [A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
12
[°C/W]
14
3.0 m/s
12
10
8
10
8
2.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
6
6
4
1.0 m/s
4
2
2
Nat. Conv.
0
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0[m/s]
0
20
40
60
80
100
[°C]
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
5.10
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
5.05
36 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
5.00
4.95
4.90
0
2
4
6
8
10 [A]
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 [A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V it enters hiccup mode
22
3AMay2007
5.0 V/10 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4511
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 2 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 20 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 10 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 2 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.2 ms/div.).
I
O = 10 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 10 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage ( 200 mV/div.).
change (2.5 — 7.5 — 2.5 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 5 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired − 5.00 ⎞
⎟ V
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11× 5.0
(
100 + Δ%
)
511
⎞
5.00
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
−
− 10.22⎟ kΩ
⎜
⎟
1.225 × Δ%
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Upwards => 5.30 V
Example: Increase 3% =>Vout = 5.15 Vdc
⎛
5.30 − 5.00 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 1.372 V
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11× 5.0
(100 + 3
)
511
3
⎞
⎟
5.00
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
− 10.22⎟ kΩ = 535 kΩ
1.225 × 3
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 4.80 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
4.80 − 5.00 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 1.127 V
⎜
⎟
⎛ 511⎞
5.00
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 3% =>Vout = 4.85 Vdc
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 160 kΩ
⎟
3
⎝
⎠
23
3AMay2007
12 V/4.17 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4513
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
V
VI
Input voltage range
Decreasing input voltage
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
29
32
31
33
V
V
VIon
33
33.5
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
max IO
0
50
W
88.5
89.0
89.5
89.5
6
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO, VI = 48 V
max IO
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
9.5
W
W
IO = 0 A
2
PRC
fs
(turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
0.15
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
11.76
12.00
12.24
V
See operating information and note 2
0-100 % of max IO
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
9.60
11.64
11.70
13.20
12.36
12.30
50
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
20
20
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
50
Load transient
voltage deviation
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 1 A/μs,
Vtr
ttr
tr
±500
14
±1000
50
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
8
11
17
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
13
16
22
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.1
2
0.2
2.5
14
0.3
3
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
tRC
max IO
0.2
2.5
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
IO
Output current
0
4.17
6.5
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
see Note 3
4.4
5.3
4.2
A
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
60
15
120
mVp-p
V
OVP
Over voltage protection
0-100 % of max IO
Note 1: See Operating Instruction, section Turn-off Input Voltage
Note 2: VI min 38 V to obtain 13.2 V at 50 W output power.
Note 3: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
24
3AMay2007
12 V/4.17 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4513
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
95
[W]
10
8
6
4
2
0
90
85
80
75
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
70
0
1
2
3
4
[A]
[A]
0
1
2
3
4
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
5
[°C/W]
14
12
10
8
3.0 m/s
2.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
4
3
2
1
0
6
4
2
Nat. Conv.
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
[°C]
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0[m/s]
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
12.20
12.00
8.00
12.10
12.00
11.90
11.80
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
4.00
0.00
0
1
2
3
4
[A]
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0 [A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
25
3AMay2007
12 V/4.17 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4513
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 5 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 4.2 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.2 ms/div.).
I
O = 4.2 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 4.2 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 20 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
change (1.05 - 3.15 - 1.05 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 1 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired −12.0 ⎞
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟ V
⎜
⎟
⎠
⎛ 5.11×12.0
100 + Δ%
511
⎞
12.0
⎝
Radj = ⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ
⎜
⎟
1.225×Δ%
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Upwards => 12.5 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 12.48 V
⎛
12.5 −12.0 ⎞
⎜
⎜
1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟
⎟
V = 1.33 V
⎛ 5.11×12.0
(
100 + 4
)
511
4
⎞
12.0
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
−10.22⎟ kΩ = 1164 kΩ
⎟
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 11.0 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
11.0 −12.0 ⎞
V = 1.02 V
⎜1.225 + 2.45×
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎛ 511⎞
12.0
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 11.76 V
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
26
3AMay2007
15 V/3.3 A Electrical Specification
PKU 4515
Tref = -30 to +110ºC, VI = 36 to 75 V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
Typical values given at: Tref = +25°C, VI= 53 V, max IO, unless otherwise specified under Conditions.
An external capacitor of 1 μF is used on the input during all measurements.
Characteristics
Conditions
min
36
typ
Max
75
Unit
V
VI
Input voltage range
Decreasing input voltage
see Note 1
Increasing input voltage
see Note 1
VIoff
Turn-off input voltage
Turn-on input voltage
27
32
28
29
V
V
VIon
33
33.5
CI
Internal input capacitance
Output power
0.5
μF
PO
Output voltage initial setting
50 % of max IO
max IO
0
49.5
9.5
W
89.5
88.7
89.9
88.8
6.3
η
Efficiency
%
50 % of max IO , VI = 48 V
max IO, VI = 48 V
max IO
Pd
Pli
Power Dissipation
Input idling power
Input standby power
Switching frequency
W
W
IO = 0 A
1.8
PRC
fs
(turned off with RC)
0-100 % of max IO
0.14
320
W
290
350
kHz
Output voltage initial setting and
accuracy
VOi
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V, max IO
14.70
15.00
15.30
V
Output adjust range
Output voltage tolerance band
Idling voltage
See operating information
0-100 % of max IO
12.00
14.55
14.55
16.50
15.45
15.45
65
V
V
VO
IO = 0 A
V
Line regulation
max IO
30
12
mV
mV
Load regulation
VI = 53 V, 0-100 % of max IO
50
Load transient
voltage deviation
VI = 53 V, Load step 25-75-25 % of
max IO, di/dt = 1 A/μs,
Vtr
ttr
tr
±800
30
±1600
60
mV
μs
Load transient recovery time
Ramp-up time
(from 10−90 % of VOi)
3
8
6
9
ms
0-100 % of max IO
Start-up time
(from VI connection to 90 % of VOi)
ts
tf
12
16
ms
max IO
IO = 10 % of max IO
max IO
0.2
2.5
0.4
3
0.8
3.5
ms
ms
ms
VI shut-down fall time
(from VI off to 10 % of VO)
RC start-up time
10
tRC
max IO
0.25
1.2
ms
ms
A
RC shut-down fall time
(from RC off to 10 % of VO)
IO = 10 % of max IO
IO
Output current
0
3.3
5
Ilim
Isc
Current limit threshold
Short circuit current
Tref < max Tref
see Note 2
3.6
4.3
3.0
A
A
See ripple & noise section,
max IO, VOi
VOac
Output ripple & noise
65
19
130
mVp-p
V
OVP
Over voltage protection
0-100 % of max IO
Note 1: See Operating information section Turn-off Input Voltage.
Note 2: RMS current in hiccup mode, VO lower than aprox 0.5 V.
27
3AMay2007
15 V/3.3 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4515
Efficiency
Power Dissipation
[%]
95
[W]
10
8
6
4
2
0
90
85
80
75
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
70
0
0
1
2
3
1
2
3
[A]
[A]
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
ref = +25°C
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tref = +25°C
T
Output Current Derating
Thermal Resistance
[A]
4
[°C/W]
14
12
10
8
3
2
1
0
3.0 m/s
2.0 m/s
6
1.5 m/s
4
1.0 m/s
2
Nat. Conv.
0
[m/s]
3.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
[°C]
0
20
40
60
80
100
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
VI = 53 V. See Thermal Consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in wind tunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Output Characteristics
Current Limit Characteristics
[V]
[V]
15 . 3 0
20.00
15 . 2 0
15 . 10
15 . 0 0
14 . 9 0
14 . 8 0
14 . 7 0
15 . 0 0
10 . 0 0
5.00
0.00
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
36 V
48 V
53 V
75 V
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
[A]
0
1
2
3
[A]
Output voltage vs. load current at Tref = +25°C
Output voltage vs. load current at IO > max IO , Tref = +25°C
At Vo lower than approx 0.5 V the module enters hiccup mode
28
3AMay2007
15V/3.3 A Typical Characteristics
PKU 4515
Start-up
Shut-down
Start-up enabled by connecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
Top trace: output voltage ( 5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 5 ms/div.).
Shut-down enabled by disconnecting VI at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 3.3 A resistive load.
Top trace: output voltage ( 5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage ( 50 V/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.2 ms/div.).
I
O = 3.3 A resistive load.
Output Ripple & Noise
Output Load Transient Response
Output voltage ripple at:
Tref = +25°C, VI = 53 V,
IO = 3.3 A resistive load.
Trace: output voltage ( 50 mV/div.).
Time scale: ( 2 μs/div.).
Output voltage response to load current step- Top trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
change (0.82 — 2.47 — 0.82 A) at:
Bottom trace: load current ( 1 A/div.).
Time scale: ( 0.1 ms/div.).
Tref =+25°C, VI = 53 V.
Output Voltage Adjust (see operating information)
Passive adjust
Active adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by
using the following equations:
The output voltage may be adjusted using a voltage applied to the
Vadj pin. This voltage is calculated by using the following equation:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
⎛
Vdesired − 15.0 ⎞
⎟ V
Vadj = ⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11×15.0
(
100 + Δ%
)
511
⎞
15.0
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
⎟
Radj =
−
−10.22 kΩ
⎟
⎠
1.225 × Δ%
Δ%
⎝
Example: Upwards => 15.60 V
Example: Increase 4% =>Vout = 15.60 V
⎛
15.6 − 15.0 ⎞
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎟ V = 1.323 V
⎜
⎟
⎛ 5.11× 15.0
(
100 + 4
)
511
4
⎞
⎟
15.0
⎝
⎠
⎜
⎜
−
− 10.22⎟ kΩ = 1489 kΩ
1.225 × 4
⎝
⎠
Example: Downwards => 14.70 V
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
⎛
14.7 − 15.0 ⎞
⎟ V = 1.176 V
⎜1.225 + 2.45 ×
⎜
⎟
⎛ 511⎞
15.0
⎝
⎠
Radj = ⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ
⎜
⎟
Δ%
⎝
⎠
Example: Decrease 2% =>Vout = 14.70 V
⎛ 511⎞
⎜
⎜
⎟ − 10.22 kΩ = 245 kΩ
⎟
2
⎝
⎠
29
3AMay2007
EMC Specification
Conducted EMI measured according to EN55022, CISPR 22
and FCC part 15J (see test set-up). See Design Note 009 for
further information. The fundamental switching frequency is
320 kHz for PKU 4511 PI @ VI = 53 V, max IO.
Conducted EMI Input terminal value (typ)
Test set-up
Layout recommendation
The radiated EMI performance of the DC/DC converter will
depend on the PCB layout and ground layer design.
It is also important to consider the stand-off of the DC/DC
converter.
If a ground layer is used, it should be connected to the output
of the DC/DC converter and the equipment ground or
chassis.
EMI without filter
External filter (class B)
Required external input filter in order to meet class B in
EN 55022, CISPR 22 and FCC part 15J.
A ground layer will increase the stray capacitance in the PCB
and improve the high frequency EMC performance.
Output ripple and noise
Filter components:
C1, 2, 6 = 1 μF/100 V
Ceramic
Output ripple and noise measured according to figure below.
See Design Note 022 for detailed information.
C3
L1
L2
C3, 4 = 2.2 nF/1500 V
Ceramic
C1
C2
C6
DC/DC
C5 = 100 μF/100 V
Electrolytic
C5
Load
C4
L1,L2 = 1.47 mH
2.8 A, Common Mode
Output ripple and noise test setup
EMI with filter
30
3AMay2007
be enhanced by addition of external capacitance as
Operating information
described under External Decoupling Capacitors. If the input
voltage source contains significant inductance, the addition of
a 100 μF capacitor across the input of the converter will
ensure stable operation. The capacitor is not required when
powering the DC/DC converter from an input source with an
inductance below 10 μH.
Input Voltage
The input voltage range 36 to 75 Vdc meets the requirements
of the European Telecom Standard ETS 300 132-2 for normal
input voltage range in —48 and —60 Vdc systems, -40.5 to -
57.0 V and —50.0 to -72 V respectively.
At input voltages exceeding 75 V, the power loss will be
higher than at normal input voltage and Tref must be limited to
absolute max +110°C. The absolute maximum continuous
input voltage is 80 Vdc.
External Decoupling Capacitors
When powering loads with significant dynamic current
requirements, the voltage regulation at the point of load can
be improved by addition of decoupling capacitors at the load.
The most effective technique is to locate low ESR ceramic
and electrolytic capacitors as close to the load as possible,
using several parallel capacitors to lower the effective ESR.
The ceramic capacitors will handle high-frequency dynamic
load changes while the electrolytic capacitors are used to
handle low frequency dynamic load changes. Ceramic
capacitors will also reduce any high frequency noise at the
load.
Turn-off Input Voltage
The DC/DC converters monitor the input voltage and will turn
on and turn off at predetermined levels.
The minimum hysteresis between turn on and turn off input
voltage is 1 V. On the 15 V version the minimum hysteresis
between turn on and turn off input voltage is 3 V.
It is equally important to use low resistance and low
inductance PCB layouts and cabling.
Remote Control (RC)
The products are fitted with a
remote control function referenced
to the primary negative input
connection (- In), with negative and
positive logic options available.
The RC function allows the
converter to be turned on/off by an
external device like a
semiconductor or mechanical
switch. The RC pin has an internal
pull up resistor to + In.
External decoupling capacitors will become part of the
control loop of the DC/DC converter and may affect the
stability margins. As a “rule of thumb”, 100 μF/A of output
current can be added without any additional analysis. The
ESR of the capacitors is a very important parameter. Ericsson
Power Modules guarantee stable operation with a verified
ESR value of >10 mΩ across the output connections.
For further information please contact your local Ericsson
Power Modules representative.
The maximum required sink current is 0.6 mA. When the RC
pin is left open, the voltage generated on the RC pin is
10 — 22 V. The maximum allowable leakage current of the
switch is 50 μA. With “negative logic” the converter will turn
on when the input voltage is applied with the RC connected
to the - In. Turn off is achieved by leaving the RC pin open, or
connected to a voltage higher than 8 V referenced to —In.
The second option is “positive logic” remote control, which
can be ordered by adding the suffix “P” to the end of the part
number. The converter will turn on when the input voltage is
applied with the RC pin open. Turn off is achieved by
connecting the RC pin to the - In. To ensure safe turn off the
voltage difference between RC pin and the - In pin shall be
less than 1 V. The converter will restart automatically when
this connection is opened.
See Design Note 021 for detailed information.
Input and Output Impedance
The impedance of both the input source and the load will
interact with the impedance of the DC/DC converter. It is
important that the input source has low characteristic
impedance. The converters are designed for stable operation
without external capacitors connected to the output. It is
recommended to use an external capacitor of minimum 1 μF
on the the input. The performance in some applications can
31
3AMay2007
exceeds 135°C the converter will shut down. The DC/DC
converter will make continuous attempts to start up (non-
latching mode) and resume normal operation automatically
when the temperature has dropped >5°C below the
temperature threshold.
Operating information continued
Output Voltage Adjust (Vadj
)
The DC/DC converters have an Output Voltage Adjust pin
(Vadj). This pin can be used to adjust the output voltage above
or below Output voltage initial setting.
Over Voltage Protection (OVP)
When increasing the output voltage, the voltage at the output
pins (including any remote sense compensation ) must be
kept below the threshold of the over voltage protection, (OVP)
to prevent the converter from shutting down. At increased
output voltages the maximum power rating of the converter
remains the same, and the max output current must be
decreased correspondingly.
To increase the voltage the resistor should be connected
between the Vadj pin and +Sense pin. The resistor value of the
Output voltage adjust function is according to information
given under the Output section for the respective product.
To decrease the output voltage, the resistor should be
connected between the Vadj pin and —Sense pin.
The converters have output over voltage protection that will
shut down the converter in over voltage conditions. The
converter will make continuous attempts to start up (non-
latching mode, hiccup) and resume normal operation
automatically after removal of the over voltage condition.
Over Current Protection (OCP)
The converters include current limiting circuitry for protection
at continuous overload.
The output voltage will decrease towards zero for output
currents in excess of max output current (max IO). If the
output voltage decreases down to 0.5-0.6 V the converter
shuts down and will make continuous attempts to start up
(non-latching mode, hiccup). The converter will resume
normal operation after removal of the overload. The load
distribution should be designed for the maximum output short
circuit current specified.
Pre-bias Start-up
The product has a Pre-bias start up functionality and will not
sink current during start up if a pre-bias source is present at
the output terminals.
Typical Pre-bias source levels for no negative current:
Up to 0.5 V for PKU 4318L (1.2 V)
Up to 0.7 V for PKU 4318H (1.5 V)
Up to 1.0 V for PKU 4418G (1.8 V)
Up to 1.5 V for PKU 4319 (2.5 V)
Up to 2.0 V for PKU 4510 (3.3 V)
Up to 3.0 V for PKU 4511 (5 V)
Up to 6.0 V for PKU 4513 (12 V)
Up to 9.0 V for PKU 4515 (15 V)
Parallel Operation
Two converters may be paralleled for redundancy if the total
power is equal or less than PO max. It is not recommended to
parallel the converters without using external current sharing
circuits.
See Design Note 006 for detailed information.
Remote Sense
The DC/DC converters have remote sense that can be used
to compensate for voltage drops between the output and the
point of load. The sense traces should be located close to the
PCB ground layer to reduce noise susceptibility. The remote
sense circuitry will compensate for up to 10% voltage drop
between output pins and the point of load.
If the remote sense is not needed +Sense should be
connected to +Out and -Sense should be connected to -Out.
Over Temperature Protection (OTP)
The converters are protected from thermal overload by an
internal over temperature shutdown circuit.
When Tref as defined in thermal consideration section
32
3AMay2007
Thermal Consideration
General
Ambient Temperature Calculation
The converters are designed to operate in different thermal
environments and sufficient cooling must be provided to
ensure reliable operation.
By using the thermal resistance the maximum allowed
ambient temperature can be calculated.
Cooling is achieved mainly by conduction, from the pins to
the host board, and convection, which is dependent on the
airflow across the converter. Increased airflow enhances the
cooling of the converter.
1. The power loss is calculated by using the formula
((1/η) - 1) × output power = power losses (Pd).
η = efficiency of converter. For example 89.2 % = 0.892
2. Find the thermal resistance (Rth) in the Thermal Resistance
graph found in the Output section for each model.
Calculate the temperature increase (ΔT).
ΔT = Rth x Pd
The Output Current Derating graph found in the Output
section for each model provides the available output current
vs. ambient air temperature and air velocity at Vin = 53 V.
The DC/DC converter is tested on a 254 x 254 mm,
35 μm (1 oz), 8-layer test board mounted vertically in a wind
tunnel with a cross-section of 305 x 305 mm.
3. Max allowed ambient temperature is:
Max Tref - ΔT.
Proper cooling of the DC/DC converter can be verified by
measuring the temperature at positions P1. The temperature
at these positions should not exceed the max values provided
in the table below.
Example PKU 4510 (@ VI 53 V &15 A) at 1 m/s:
1
1. ((
) - 1) × 49.5 W = 5.99 W
0.892
2. 5.99 W × 9.2°C/W = 55.1°C
See Design Note 019 for further information.
3. 110 °C — 55.1°C = max ambient temperature is 54.9°C
The actual temperature will be dependent on several factors
such as the PCB size, number of layers and direction of
airflow.
Position
P1
Device
Mosfet
Designation
Tref
Max value
110ºC
P1
Definition of reference temperature (Tref
)
The reference temperature is used to monitor the temperature
limits of the product. Temperatures above maximum Tref are
not allowed and may cause degradation or permanent
damage to the product. Tref is also used to define the
temperature range for normal operating conditions.
Tref is defined by the design and used to guarantee safety
margins, proper operation and high reliability of the module.
33
3AMay2007
Connections
Top View
Pin
1
Designation
+In
Function
Positive Input
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RC
Remote Control
Negative Input
-In
-Out
-Sen
Vadj
Negative Output
Negative Sense
Output Voltage Adjust
Positive Sense
+Sen
+Out
Positive Output
34
3AMay2007
Mechanical Information - Surface mount version
35
3AMay2007
Mechanical Information - Through hole mount version
36
3AMay2007
Soldering Information - Surface Mounting
SnPb solder processes
The surface mount version of the product is intended for
convection or vapor phase reflow SnPb and Pb-free
processes. To achieve a good and reliable soldering result,
make sure to follow the recommendations from the solder
paste supplier, to use state-of-the-art reflow equipment and
For conventional SnPb solder processes, the product is
qualified for MSL 1 according to IPC/JEDEC standard
J-STD-020C.
reflow profiling techniques as well as the following guidelines. During reflow, TP must not exceed +225°C at any time.
Lead-free (Pb-free) solder processes
A no-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of
cleaning fluids in cavities inside the product or between the
product and the host board. The cleaning residues may affect
long time reliability and isolation voltage.
For Pb-free solder processes, the product is qualified for
MSL 3 according to IPC/JEDEC standard J-STD-020C.
During reflow, TP must not exceed +260°C at any time.
Minimum Pin Temperature Recommendations
Pin number 8 is chosen as reference location for the minimum
pin temperature recommendations since this will likely be the
coolest solder joint during the reflow process.
Temperature
Ramp-up
TP
Ramp-down
(cooling)
Pin 8 for measurement of minimum
solder joint temperature, TPIN
TL
Reflow
Preheat
Time 25 °C to peak
25 °C
Time
Pb-free assembly
Profile features
Sn/Pb eutectic
assembly
Pin 2 for measurement of maximum peak product
reflow temperature, TP
Average ramp-up rate
3°C/s max
+183°C
3°C/s max
+221°C
Solder melting
TL
SnPb solder processes
temperature (typical)
For Pb solder processes, a pin temperature (TPIN) in excess of
the solder melting temperature (TL, +183°C for Sn63/Pb37) for
more than 30 seconds, and a peak temperature of +210°C is
recommended to ensure a reliable solder joint.
Peak product temperature TP
Average ramp-down rate
+225°C
+260°C
6°C/s max
6°C/s max
Time 25 °C to peak
temperature
6 minutes max
8 minutes max
Lead-free (Pb-free) solder processes
For Pb-free solder processes, a pin temperature (TPIN) in
excess of the solder melting temperature (TL, +217 to +221°C
for Sn/Ag/Cu solder alloys) for more than 30 seconds, and a
peak temperature of +235°C on all solder joints is
Soldering Information — Through Hole Mounting
The through hole mount version of the product is intended for
manual or wave soldering. When wave soldering is used, the
temperature on the pins is specified to maximum 270°C for
maximum 10 seconds.
recommended to ensure a reliable solder joint.
Peak Product Temperature Requirements
A maximum preheat rate of 4°C/s and temperature of max of
150°C is suggested. When soldering by hand, care should be
taken to avoid direct contact between the hot soldering iron
tip and the pins for more than a few second
Pin number 2 is chosen as reference location for the
maximum (peak) allowed product temperature, (TP), since this
will likely be the warmest part of the product during the reflow
process.
s in order to prevent overheating.
To avoid damage or performance degradation of the product,
the reflow profile should be optimized to avoid excessive
heating. A sufficiently extended preheat time is recommended
to ensure an even temperature across the host PCB, for both
small and large devices. To reduce the risk of excessive
heating it is also recommended to reduce the time in the
reflow zone as much as possible.
A no-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of
cleaning fluids in cavities inside the product or between the
product and the host board. The cleaning residues may affect
long time reliability and isolation voltage.
37
3AMay2007
Delivery Package Information
Carrier Tape Specifications
The surface mount and through hole version of the products
are delivered in antistatic injection molded trays (Jedec
design guide 4.10D standard) and the surface mount version
also in antistatic carrier tape (EIA 481 standard).
Material
PS, antistatic
Surface resistance
Bakability
< 107 Ohm/square
The tape is not bakable
56 mm [2.2 inch]
36 mm [1.42 inch]
11.4 mm [0.449 inch]
380 mm [15 inch]
200 products /reel
3 kg/full reel
Tape width
Pocket pitch
Pocket depth
Reel diameter
Reel capacity
Reel weight
Tray Specifications
Material
PPE, antistatic
Surface resistance
105 < Ohm/square < 1012
The trays can be baked at maximum
125°C for 48 hours maximum
Bakability
Tray capacity
Tray thickness
Box capacity
Tray weight
30 products/tray
20 mm, [0.787 inch]
150 products 5 full trays/box
520 g full tray, 130 g empty
Dry Pack Information
The surface mount version of the product is delivered in trays
or tape & reel. These inner shipment containers are dry
packed in standard moisture barrier bags according to
IPC/JEDEC standard J-STD-033 (Handling, packing, shipping
and use of moisture/reflow sensitivity surface mount devices).
Using products in high temperature Pb-free soldering
processes requires dry pack storage and handling. In case
the products have been stored in an uncontrolled
environment and no longer can be considered dry, the
modules must be baked according to J-STD-033.
38
3AMay2007
Product Qualification Specification 3.
Characteristics
External visual inspection
Dry heat
IPC-A-610
IEC 60068-2-2 Bd
Temperature
Duration
+125°C
1000 h
Cold (in operation)
Damp heat
IEC 60068-2-1 Ad
IEC 60068-2-67 Cy
Temperature TA
Duration
-45°C
72 h
Temperature
Humidity
Duration
+85°C
85 % RH
1000 hours
Operational life test
MIL-STD-202G method 108A
IEC 60068-2-14 Na
Duration
1000 h
Change of temperature
(Temperature cycling)
Temperature range
Number of cycles
Dwell/transfer time
-40 to +100°C
1000
15 min/0-1 min
Vibration, broad band random
IEC 60068-2-64 Fh, method 1
Frequency
Spectral density
Duration
10 to 500 Hz
0.07 g2/Hz
10 min in each 3 perpendicular
directions
Mechanical shock
IEC 60068-2-27 Ea
Peak acceleration
Duration
Pulse shape
Directions
100 g
6 ms
Half sine
6
Number of pulses
18 (3 + 3 in each perpendicular
direction)
Robustness of terminations
IEC 60068-2-21 Test Ua1
Plated through hole mount
products
All leads
IEC 60068-2-21 Test Ue1
Surface mount products
All leads
Resistance to soldering heat 1
Moisture reflow sensitivity 2
Solderability
IEC 60068-2-20 Tb Method 1A
Solder temperature
Duration
270°C
10-13 s
J-STD-020C
level 1 (SnPb-eutectic)
level 3 (Pb Free)
225°C
260°C
IEC 60068-2-20 test Ta 1
Preconditioning
Temperature, SnPb Eutectic
Temperature, Pb-free
Steam ageing
235°C
260°C
IEC 60068-2-58 test Td 2
Preconditioning
Temperature, SnPb Eutectic
Temperature, Pb-free
150°C dry bake 16 h
215°C
235°C
Immersion in cleaning solvents
IEC 60068-2-45 XA
Method 2
Water
Glycol ether
Isopropanol
+55°C
+35°C
+35°C
Electrostatic discharge
susceptibility
IEC 61340-3-1, JESD 22-A114
IEC 61340-3-2, JESD 22-A115
Human body model (HBM)
Machine Model (MM)
Class 2, 2000 V
Class 3, 200 V
Note 1: Only for products intended for wave soldering
Note 2: Only for products intended for reflow soldering
Note 3: Qualification of surface mount version pending
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