XB8-DPPS-001_技术文档

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4

Radio Frequency (RF) Module

User Guide

Revision history—90001500

Revision

Date

Description

H

J

June 2018

May 2019

July 2019

July 2021

Changes to the Active Scan command.

Removed Brazilian certification information.

Added FCC publication 996369 related information.

Added the NP command. Added RS-485 support.

K

L

M

Added safety instructions and UKCA labeling requirements.

Trademarks and copyright

Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United States

and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of

their respective owners.

Disclaimers

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a

commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of

any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or

merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual

or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.

Warranty

To view product warranty information, go to the following website:

www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms

Customer support

Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help, gather the following

information:

Product name and model

Product serial number (s)

Firmware version

Operating system/browser (if applicable)

Logs (from time of reported issue)

Trace (if possible)

Description of issue

Steps to reproduce

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

2

Contact Digi technical support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages.

Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.

Feedback

To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to

techcomm@digi.com

Include the document title and part number (XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide,

90001500 E) in the subject line of your email.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

3

Contents

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

Applicable firmware and hardware

Safety instructions

11

XBee modules

Technical specifications

Performance specifications

Power requirements

13

14

15

General specifications

Regulatory conformity summary

Serial communication specifications

UART pin assignments

SPI pin assignments

GPIO specifications

Hardware

Antenna options

Mechanical drawings

Mounting considerations

Pin signals

18

19

20

23

24

26

Notes

Design notes

Power supply design

Board layout

Antenna performance

Keepout area

RF pad version

Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module

Software libraries

30

31

Configure the device using XCTU

Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update

XBee Network Assistant

XBee Multi Programmer

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

4

Modes

Serial modes

33

34

36

Transparent operating mode

API operating mode

Command mode

Transceiver modes

Idle mode

Transmit mode

Receive mode

Operation

Addressing

38

40

41

42

43

44

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

57

58

59

60

61

62

Send packets to a specific device

Addressing modes

Encryption

Maximum payload

Maximum payload rules

Maximum payload summary tables

Work with Legacy devices

Networking

MAC Mode configuration

XBee retries configuration

Transmit status based on MAC mode and XBee retries configurations

Peer-to-peer networks

Master/slave networks

Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)

CCA operations

Serial interface

Select a serial port

UART data flow

Flow control

SPI operation

SPI signals

SPI parameters

SPI and API mode

Full duplex operation

Slave mode characteristics

I/O support

Digital I/O line support

Analog input

On demand I/O sampling

Periodic I/O sampling

Change Detect I/O sampling

Wakeup I/O sampling

Sample rate (interval)

I/O line passing

Output control

Sleep support

Sleep modes

Sleep parameters

Sleep current

Sleep pins

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

5

Direct and indirect transmission

Node discovery

62

63

64

65

Node discovery

Node discovery in compatibility mode

Directed node discovery

Directed node discovery in compatibility mode

Destination Node

Remote configuration commands

Send a remote command

Apply changes on remote devices

Remote command responses

AT commands

Special commands

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

WR (Write)

RE (Restore Defaults)

FR (Software Reset)

Networking and security commands

C8 (802.15.4 Compatibility)

CH (Operating Channel)

ID (Network ID)

DH (Destination Address High)

DL (Destination Address Low)

MY (Source Address)

SH (Serial Number High)

SL (Serial Number Low)

MM (MAC Mode)

RR (XBee Retries)

RN (Random Delay Slots)

ND (Network Discovery)

NT (Node Discover Timeout)

NO (Node Discovery Options)

DN (Discover Node)

CE (Coordinator Enable)

SC (Scan Channels)

SD (Scan Duration)

A1 (End Device Association)

A2 (Coordinator Association)

AI (Association Indication)

DA (Force Disassociation)

FP (Force Poll)

AS (Active Scan)

ED (Energy Detect)

EE (Encryption Enable)

KY (AES Encryption Key)

NI (Node Identifier)

NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes)

RF interfacing commands

PL (TX Power Level)

PM (Power Mode)

CA (CCA Threshold)

Sleep commands

SM (Sleep Mode)

ST (Time before Sleep)

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

6

SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)

DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period)

SO (Sleep Options)

85

86

Serial interfacing commands

BD (Interface Data Rate)

NB (Parity)

87

88

RO (Packetization Timeout)

D7 (DIO7/CTS)

D6 (DIO6/RTS)

AP (API Enable)

88

89

90

I/O settings commands

D0 (DIO0/AD0)

90

D1 (DIO1/AD1)

91

D2 (DIO2/AD2)

91

D3 (DIO3/AD3)

92

D4 (DIO4)

92

D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR)

D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST)

P0 (RSSI/PWM0 Configuration)

P1 (PWM1 Configuration)

P2 (SPI_MISO)

93

94

95

M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle)

M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle)

P5 (SPI_MISO)

P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration)

P7 (SPI_SSEL )

P8 (SPI_SCLK)

P9 (SPI_ATTN)

PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable)

PD (Pull Up/Down Direction)

IU (I/O Output Enable)

IT (Samples before TX)

IS (Force Sample)

95

96

97

98

99

IO (Digital Output Level)

IC (DIO Change Detect)

IR (Sample Rate)

100

101

102

103

104

105

RP (RSSI PWM Timer)

I/O line passing commands

IA (I/O Input Address)

T0 (D0 Timeout)

T1 (D1 Output Timeout)

T2 (D2 Output Timeout)

T3 (D3 Output Timeout)

T4 (D4 Output Timeout)

T5 (D5 Output Timeout)

T6 (D6 Output Timeout)

T7 (D7 Output Timeout)

PT (PWM Output Timeout)

Diagnostic commands

VR (Firmware Version)

VL (Version Long)

HV (Hardware Version)

DB (Last Packet RSSI)

EC (CCA Failures)

EA (ACK Failures)

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

7

DD (Device Type Identifier)

Command mode options

CT (Command mode Timeout)

CN (Exit Command mode)

AC (Apply Changes)

106

107

GT (Guard Times)

CC (Command Character)

Operate in API mode

API mode overview

109

110

111

112

113

114

116

118

120

122

125

127

129

131

133

135

138

139

141

API frame specifications

API operation (AP parameter = 1)

API operation-with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2)

Start delimiter

Length

Frame data

Checksum

Calculate and verify checksums

Escaped characters in API frames

Frame descriptions

64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00

16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01

Local AT Command Request - 0x08

Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09

Remote AT Command Request - 0x17

64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80

16-bit Receive Packet - 0x81

64-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x82

16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83

Local AT Command Response - 0x88

Transmit Status - 0x89

Modem Status - 0x8A

Modem status codes

Remote AT Command Response- 0x97

Regulatory information

United States (FCC)

145

147

159

160

162

163

OEM labeling requirements

FCC notices

FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz)

RF exposure

FCC publication 996369 related information

Europe (CE)

Maximum power and frequency specifications

CE and UKCA OEM labeling requirements

Listen Before Talk requirement

Declarations of conformity

Antennas

ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)

Labeling requirements

For XBee S2C surface-mount

For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

8

For XBee S2C through-hole

For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole

Transmitters for detachable antennas

Detachable antenna

163

164

Firmware Version Identification number (FVIN)

Australia (RCM)

South Korea

Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices

Background

Load 802.15.4 firmware

170

Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices

Pin mapping

Mount the devices

173

174

PCB design and manufacturing

Recommended solder reflow cycle

Recommended footprint and keepout

Flux and cleaning

177

179

Rework

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

9

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules are embedded solutions providing wireless end-point

connectivity to devices. These devices use the IEEE 802.15.4 networking protocol for fast point-to-

multipoint or peer-to-peer networking. They are designed for high-throughput applications requiring

low latency and predictable communication timing.

There are two footprints for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module hardware: through-hole (TH)

and surface-mount (SMT). TH devices include a 20-pin header and require the placement of two 1x10

sockets on the carrier board for mounting the device. SMT devices include 37 pads. They are placed

directly on the carrier board, which means they do not require holes or sockets for mounting.

The TH version may be useful for prototyping and production, but we recommend SMT for high-

volume applications, as the component can be placed automatically by a pick-and-place machine and

you save the cost of a socket on each board.

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports the needs of low-cost, low-power wireless

sensor networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between

devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band.

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module uses S2C hardware and the Silicon Labs EM357 chipset.

As the name suggests, the 802.15.4 module is over-the-air compatible with our Legacy 802.15.4

module (S1 hardware), and the TH versions of the new product are also form factor compatible with

designs that use the Legacy module.

Note OTA capability is only available when MM (Mac Mode) = 0 or 3

Applicable firmware and hardware

Safety instructions

11

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

10

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

Applicable firmware and hardware

This manual supports the following firmware:

n

802.15.4 version 20xx

It supports the following hardware:

n

XB24C TH

n

XB24C SMT

n

XBP24C TH

n

XBP24C SMT

Safety instructions

XBee modules

n

The XBee radio module cannot be guaranteed operation due to the radio link and so should

not be used for interlocks in safety critical devices such as machines or automotive

applications.

n

The XBee radio module have not been approved for use in (this list is not exhaustive):

l

medical devices

l

nuclear applications

l

explosive or flammable atmospheres

There are no user serviceable components inside the XBee radio module. Do not remove the

shield or modify the XBee in any way. Modifications may exclude the module from any

warranty and can cause the XBee radio to operate outside of regulatory compliance for a given

country, leading to the possible illegal operation of the radio.

n

Use industry standard ESD protection when handling the XBee module.

Take care while handling to avoid electrical damage to the PCB and components.

Do not expose XBee radio modules to water or moisture.

Use this product with the antennas specified in the XBee module user guides.

The end user must be told how to remove power from the XBee radio module or to locate the

antennas 20 cm from humans or animals.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

11

Technical specifications

Performance specifications

Power requirements

13

14

15

General specifications

Regulatory conformity summary

Serial communication specifications

GPIO specifications

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

12

Technical specifications

Performance specifications

The following table describes the performance specifications for the devices.

Note Range figure estimates are based on free-air terrain with limited sources of interference. Actual

range will vary based on transmitting power, orientation of transmitter and receiver, height of

transmitting antenna, height of receiving antenna, weather conditions, interference sources in the

area, and terrain between receiver and transmitter, including indoor and outdoor structures such as

walls, trees, buildings, hills, and mountains.

Specification

XBee value

XBee-PRO value

Indoor / urban range

Outdoor RF line-of-sight range

Up to 200 ft (60 m)

Up to 4000 ft (1200 m)

Up to 300 ft. (90 m)

Up to 2 miles (3200

m)

1

2

6.3 mW (8 dBm), Boost mode

63 mW (18 dBm)

Transmit power output (software

selectable)

3.1 mW (5 dBm), Normal mode

Channel 26 max power is 0.3 mW (-5

dBm)

RF data rate

250,000 b/s

Maximum data throughput

UART interface data rate

Up to 96,000 b/s

1200 b/s to 250,000 b/s

Up to 96,000 b/s

1200 b/s to 250,000

b/s

SPI data rate

Up to 5 Mb/s (burst)

-101 dBm

-102 dBm, Boost mode

-100 dBm, Normal mode

Receiver sensitivity

Power requirements

The following table describes the power requirements for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specification

XBee

XBee-PRO

Supply voltage

2.1 - 3.6 V

2.7 - 3.6 V

45 mA (8 dBm, Boost mode)

33 mA (5 dBm, Normal mode)

Transmit current (typical, VCC = 3.3 V)

120 mA (18 dBm)

31 mA (Boost mode)

28 mA (Normal mode)

Idle / receive current (typical, VCC = 3.3 V)

Power-down current

31 mA

<1 uA @ 25C

1

2

Boost mode enabled by default; see PM (Power Mode).

See Regulatory information for region-specific certification requirements.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

13

Technical specifications

General specifications

The following table describes the general specifications for the devices.

Specification

XBee

XBee-PRO

Operating

frequency

ISM 2.4 GHz

Supported

channels

11 - 26

12 - 23

TH: 2.438 x 2.761 cm (0.960 x 1.087 in) TH: 2.438 x 3.294 cm (0.960 x 1.297 in)

Form factor

SMT: 2.199 x 3.4 x 0.305 cm (0.866 x

1.33 x 0.120 in)

SMT: 2.199 x 3.4 x 0.305 cm (0.866 x

1.33 x 0.120 in)

Operating

-40 to 85 ºC (industrial)

temperature

TH: PCB antenna, U.FL connector, RPSMA connector, or integrated wire

SMT: RF pad, PCB antenna, or U.FL connector

Antenna options

Regulatory conformity summary

This table describes the agency approvals for the devices.

XBee-PRO XBee

XBee-PRO

(through-

hole)

(surface-

mount)

(through-

XBee

(surface-mount)

hole)

Country

FCC ID:

MCQ-XBS2C

FCC ID:

MCQ-

FCC ID:

MCQ-S2CTH

FCC ID:

MCQ-PS2CTH

United States (FCC Part 15.247)

PS2CSM

IC:

1846A-

PS2CSM

IC:

Innovation, Science and Economic

Development Canada (ISED)

1846A-XBS2C

1846A-S2CTH 1846A-

PS2CTH

FCC/IC test transmit power output -26 to +8 dBm

range

-0.7 to

+19.4 dBm

-26 to +8 dBm +1 to +19

dBm

Europe (CE)

Australia

Yes

-

Yes

-

RCM

Japan

R201WW10215369

R210- 105563

South Korea

MSIP-CRM-DIG-

XBee-S2C

MSIP-CRM-

DIG-XBee-

S2C-TH

RoHS

Compliant

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

14

Technical specifications

Serial communication specifications

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports both Universal Asynchronous Receiver /

Transmitter (UART) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial connections.

UART pin assignments

The SC1 (Serial Communication Port 1) of the Ember 357 is connected to the UART port. The following

table provides the UART pin assignments.

Specifications

UART pins

DOUT

Module pin number

XBee (surface-mount)

XBee (through-hole)

3

2

DIN / CONFIG

CTS / DIO7

RTS / DIO6

4

3

25

29

12

16

SPI pin assignments

The SC2 (Serial Communication Port 2) of the Ember 357 is connected to the SPI port.

Specifications

SPI pins

Module pin number

XBee (surface-mount)

XBee (through-hole)

SPI_SCLK

14

15

16

17

12

18

17

11

4

SPI_SSEL

SPI_MOSI

SPI_MISO

SPI_ATTN

19

GPIO specifications

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules have 15 General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO) ports

available. The exact list depends on the device configuration, as some GPIO pads are used for

purposes such as serial communication.

GPIO Electrical Specification

Low Schmitt switching threshold

High Schmitt switching threshold

Input current for logic 0

Value

0.42 - 0.5 x VCC

0.62 - 0.8 x VCC

-0.5 µA

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

15

Technical specifications

GPIO specifications

GPIO Electrical Specification

Value

0.5 µA

29 kΩ

Input current for logic 1

Input pull-up resistor value

Input pull-down resistor value

Output voltage for logic 0

0.18 x VCC

(maximum)

Output voltage for logic 1

0.82 x VCC

(minimum)

Output source/sink current for pad numbers 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 26, 28, 4 mA

29, 30, and 32 on the SMT modules

Output source/sink current for pin numbers 2, 3, 4, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, and 19 on

the TH modules

4 mA

Output source/sink current for pad numbers 7, 8, 24, 31, and 33 on the SMT

modules

8 mA

Output source/sink current for pin numbers 6, 7, 11, 18, and 20 on the TH modules 8 mA

Total output current (for GPIO pads)

40 mA

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

16

Hardware

Antenna options

Mechanical drawings

Mounting considerations

Pin signals

18

19

20

23

Design notes

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

17

Hardware

Antenna options

The ranges specified are typical for the integrated whip (1.5 dBi) and dipole (2.1 dBi) antennas. The

printed circuit board (PCB) antenna option provides advantages in its form factor; however, it typically

yields shorter range than the whip and dipole antenna options when transmitting outdoors. For more

information, see XBee and XBee-PRO OEM RF Module Antenna Considerations Application Note.

Mechanical drawings

The following mechanical drawings of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module show all

dimensions in inches. The first drawing shows the surface-mount device (antenna options not shown).

The following drawings show the standard (non-PRO) through-hole device.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

18

Hardware

Mounting considerations

The following drawings show the XBee-PRO through-hole device.

Mounting considerations

We design the through-hole module to mount into a receptacle so that you do not have to solder the

module when you mount it to a board. The development kits may contain RS-232 and USB interface

boards that use two 20-pin receptacles to receive modules.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

19

Hardware

Pin signals

The following illustration shows the module mounting into the receptacle on the RS-232 interface

board.

Century Interconnect and Samtec manufacture the 2 x 10 pin 2 mm spacing receptacles on Digi

development boards. Several other manufacturers provide comparable mounting solutions; we

currently use the following receptacles:

n

Through-hole single-row receptacles: Samtec part number: MMS-110-01-L-SV (or equivalent)

n

Surface-mount double-row receptacles: Century Interconnect part number: CPRMSL20-D-0-1

(or equivalent)

n

Surface-mount single-row receptacles: Samtec part number: SMM-110-02-SM-S

Note We recommend that you print an outline of the module on the board to indicate the

correct orientation for mounting the module.

Pin signals

The following image shows the pin numbers; it shows the device's top sides, the shields are on the

bottom.

The following table shows the pin assignments for the through-hole device. In the table, low-asserted

signals have a horizontal line above signal name.

Name

Direction

Description

1

VCC

-

Power supply

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

20

Hardware

Pin signals

Name

Direction

Description

2

3

4

5

DOUT

Output

UART data out

DIN/CONFIG

SPI_MISO

RESET

Input

UART data In

Output

Input

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Data Out

Module reset (reset pulse must be at least 200 ns). This

must be driven as an open drain/collector. The device

drives this line low when a reset occurs. Never drive this

line high.

6

7

8

9

PWM0/RSSI PWM Output

PWM output 0 / RX signal strength indicator

PWM output 1

PWM1

Output

-

[Reserved]

Do not connect

DI8/SLEEP_

RQ/DTR

Input

Pin sleep control line or digital input 8

10

11

12

13

14

GND

-

Ground

DIO4/SPI_MOSI

DIO7/CTS

ON/SLEEP

Both

Output

-

Digital I/O 4 / SPI Data In

Digital I/O 7 / Clear-to-send flow control

Device sleep status indicator

V

Feature not supported on this device. Used on other XBee

devices for analog voltage reference.

REF

15

16

17

DIO5/ASSOC

DIO6/RTS

Both

Digital I/O 5 / Associated indicator

Digital I/O 6 / Request-to-send flow control

Digital I/O 3 / Analog input 3 / SPI select

DIO3/AD3/SPI_

SSEL

18

19

20

DIO2/AD2/SPI_

CLK

Both

Digital I/O 2 / Analog input 2 / SPI clock

Digital I/O 1 / Analog input 1 / SPI Attention

Digital I/O 0 / Analog input 0

DIO1/AD1/SPI_

ATTN

DIO0/AD0

The following table shows the pin assignments for the surface-mount device.

Name

Direction

Function

1

GND

-

Ground

2

3

VCC

-

Power supply

UART data out

DOUT

Output

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

21

Hardware

Pin signals

Name

Direction

Function

4

5

6

DIN/CONFIG

Input

UART data in

Do not connect

[Reserved]

RESET

Output

Input

Module reset (reset pulse must be at least 200 ns).

This must be driven as an open drain/collector. The

device drives this line low when a reset occurs.

Never drive this line high.

7

PWM0/RSSI PWM

PWM1

Output

-

PWM output 0 / RX signal strength indicator

PWM output 1

8

9

[Reserved]

Do not connect

10

11

12

DI8/SLEEP_RQ/DTR Input

Pin sleep control line or digital input 8

Ground

GND

-

SPI_

Output

SPI Attention. Do not tie low on reset.

ATTN/BOOTMODE

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

GND

-

Ground

SPI_CLK

SPI_SSEL

SPI_MOSI

SPI_MISO

[Reserved]

GND

Input

SPI clock

Input

SPI select

Input

SPI Data In

Output

SPI Data Out

-

Do not connect

Ground

-

[Reserved]

DIO4

-

Do not connect

Digital I/O 4

Both

Output

-

DIO7/CTS

ON/SLEEP

Digital I/O 7 / Clear-to-send flow control

Device sleep status indicator

V

Feature not supported on this device. Used on other

XBee devices for analog voltage reference.

REF

28

29

DIO5/ASSOC

DIO6/RTS

Both

Digital I/O 5 / Associated indicator

Digital I/O 6 / Request-to-send flow control

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

22

Hardware

Design notes

Name

Direction

Function

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

DIO3/AD3

Both

Digital I/O 3 / Analog input 3

Digital I/O 2 / Analog input 2

Digital I/O 1 / Analog input 1

Digital I/O 0 / Analog input 0

Do not connect

DIO2/AD2

DIO1/AD1

DIO0/AD0

[Reserved]

GND

Both

-

Ground

RF

Both

-

RF connection

[Reserved]

Do not connect

Notes

Minimum connections: VCC, GND, DOUT and DIN.

Minimum connections for updating firmware: VCC, GND, DIN, DOUT, RTS and DTR.

The table specifies signal direction with respect to the device.

The device includes a 50 kΩ pull-up resistor attached to RESET.

Use the PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) command to configure several of the input pull-ups.

You can connect other pins to external circuitry for convenience of operation including the Associate

LED pin (pin 15). The Associate LED flashes differently depending on the state of the device.

Leave any unused pins disconnected.

Design notes

The following guidelines help to ensure a robust design.

The XBee modules do not specifically require any external circuitry specific connections for proper

operation. However, there are some general design guidelines that we recommend for help in

troubleshooting and building a robust design.

Power supply design

A poor power supply can lead to poor device performance, especially if you do not keep the supply

voltage within tolerance or if it is excessively noisy. To help reduce noise, place a 1.0 μF and 8.2 pF

capacitor as near as possible to pin 1 on the PCB. If you are using a switching regulator for the power

supply, switch the frequencies above 500 kHz. Limit the power supply ripple to a maximum 100 mV

peak to peak.

Board layout

We design XBee devices to be self sufficient and have minimal sensitivity to nearby processors,

crystals or other printed circuit board (PCB) components. Keep power and ground traces thicker than

signal traces and make sure that they are able to comfortably support the maximum current

specifications. There are no other special PCB design considerations to integrate XBee devices, with

the exception of antennas.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

23

Hardware

Design notes

Antenna performance

Antenna location is important for optimal performance. The following suggestions help you achieve

optimal antenna performance. Point the antenna up vertically (upright). Antennas radiate and receive

the best signal perpendicular to the direction they point, so a vertical antenna's omnidirectional

radiation pattern is strongest across the horizon.

Position the antennas away from metal objects whenever possible. Metal objects between the

transmitter and receiver can block the radiation path or reduce the transmission distance. Objects

that are often overlooked include:

n

metal poles

n

metal studs

n

structure beams

n

concrete, which is usually reinforced with metal rods

If you place the device inside a metal enclosure, use an external antenna. Common objects that have

metal enclosures include:

n

vehicles

n

elevators

n

ventilation ducts

n

refrigerators

n

microwave ovens

n

batteries

n

tall electrolytic capacitors

Do not place XBee devices with the chip or integrated PCB antenna inside a metal enclosure.

Do not place any ground planes or metal objects above or below the antenna.

For the best results, mount the device at the edge of the host PCB. Ensure that the ground, power,

and signal planes are vacant immediately below the antenna section.

Keepout area

We recommend that you allow a “keepout” area, which the following drawings show.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

24

Hardware

Design notes

Through-hole keepout

Notes

1. We recommend non-metal enclosures. For metal enclosures, use an external antenna.

2. Keep metal chassis or mounting structures in the keepout area at least 2.54 cm (1 in) from the

antenna.

3. Maximize the distance between the antenna and metal objects that might be mounted in the

keepout area.

4. These keepout area guidelines do not apply for wire whip antennas or external RF connectors.

Wire whip antennas radiate best over the center of a ground plane.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

25

Hardware

Design notes

Surface-mount keepout

RF pad version

The RF pad is a soldered antenna connection on the surface-mount device. The RF signal travels from

pin 36 on the module to the antenna through a single ended RF transmission line on the PCB. This line

should have a controlled impedance of 50 Ω.

For the transmission line, we recommend either a microstrip or coplanar waveguide trace on the PCB.

We provide a microstrip example below, because it is simpler to design and generally requires less

area on the host PCB than coplanar waveguide.

We do not recommend using a stripline RF trace because that requires routing the RF trace to an inner

PCB layer, and via transitions can introduce matching and performance problems.

The following figure shows a layout example of a microstrip connecting an RF pad module to a

through-hole RPSMA RF connector.

n

The top two layers of the PCB have a controlled thickness dielectric material in between. The

second layer has a ground plane which runs underneath the entire RF pad area. This ground

plane is a distance d, the thickness of the dielectric, below the top layer.

n

The top layer has an RF trace running from pin 36 of the device to the RF pin of the RPSMA

connector. The RF trace's width determines the impedance of the transmission line with

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

26

Hardware

Design notes

relation to the ground plane. Many online tools can estimate this value, although you should

consult the PCB manufacturer for the exact width. Assuming d = 0.025 in, and that the

dielectric has a relative permittivity of 4.4, the width in this example will be approximately

0.045 in for a 50 Ω trace. This trace width is a good fit with the module footprint's 0.060 in pad

width.

We do not recommend using a trace wider than the pad width, and using a very narrow trace can

cause unwanted RF loss. You can minimize the length of the trace by placing the RPSMA jack close to

the module. All of the grounds on the jack and the module are connected to the ground planes

directly or through closely placed vias. Space any ground fill on the top layer at least twice the

distance d (in this case, at least 0.050 in) from the microstrip to minimize their interaction.

Number

Description

XBee surface-mount pin 36

1

2

3

4

5

6

50 Ω microstrip trace

Back off ground fill at least twice the distance between layers 1 and 2

RF connector

Stitch vias near the edges of the ground plane

Pour a solid ground plane under the RF trace on the reference layer

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

27

Hardware

Design notes

Implementing these design suggestions helps ensure that the RF pad device performs to

specifications.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

28

Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Module

Software libraries

30

31

Configure the device using XCTU

Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update

XBee Network Assistant

XBee Multi Programmer

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

29

Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module

Software libraries

One way to communicate with the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module is by using a software

library. The libraries available for use with the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module include:

n

XBee Java library

n

XBee Python library

The XBee Java Library is a Java API. The package includes the XBee library, its source code and a

collection of samples that help you develop Java applications to communicate with your XBee

devices.

The XBee Python Library is a Python API that dramatically reduces the time to market of XBee projects

developed in Python and facilitates the development of these types of applications, making it an easy

process.

Configure the device using XCTU

XBee Configuration and Test Utility (XCTU) is a multi-platform program that enables users to interact

with Digi radio frequency (RF) devices through a graphical interface. The application includes built-in

tools that make it easy to set up, configure, and test Digi RF devices.

For instructions on downloading and using XCTU, see the XCTU User Guide.

Click Discover devices and follow the instructions. XCTU should discover the connected XBee/XBee-

PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules using the provided settings.

Click Add selected devices. The devices appear in the Radio Modules list. You can click a module to

view and configure its individual settings. For more information on these items, see AT commands.

Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports OTA firmware updates using XCTU version 6.3.0

or higher. For instructions on performing an OTA firmware update with XCTU, see How to update the

firmware of your modules in the XCTU User Guide.

OTA capability is only available when MM (Mac Mode) = 0 or 3

XBee Network Assistant

The XBee Network Assistant is an application designed to inspect and manage RF networks created by

Digi XBee devices. Features include:

n

Join and inspect any nearby XBee network to get detailed information about all the nodes it

contains.

n

Update the configuration of all the nodes of the network, specific groups, or single devices

based on configuration profiles.

n

Geo-locate your network devices or place them in custom maps and get information about the

connections between them.

n

Export the network you are inspecting and import it later to continue working or work offline.

n

Use automatic application updates to keep you up to date with the latest version of the tool.

See the XBee Network Assistant User Guide for more information.

To install the XBee Network Assistant:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

30

Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module

XBee Multi Programmer

1. Navigate to digi.com/xbeenetworkassistant.

2. Click General Diagnostics, Utilities and MIBs.

3. Click the XBee Network Assistant - Windows x86 link.

4. When the file finishes downloading, run the executable file and follow the steps in the XBee

Network Assistant Setup Wizard.

XBee Multi Programmer

The XBee Multi Programmer is a combination of hardware and software that enables partners and

distributors to program multiple Digi Radio frequency (RF) devices simultaneously. It provides a fast

and easy way to prepare devices for distribution or large networks deployment.

The XBee Multi Programmer board is an enclosed hardware component that allows you to program up

to six RF modules thanks to its six external XBee sockets. The XBee Multi Programmer application

communicates with the boards and allows you to set up and execute programming sessions. Some of

the features include:

n

Each XBee Multi Programmer board allows you to program up to six devices simultaneously.

Connect more boards to increase the programming concurrency.

n

Different board variants cover all the XBee form factors to program almost any Digi RF device.

Download the XBee Multi Programmer application from: Digi XBee Multi Programmer

See the XBee Multi Programmer User Guide for more information.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

31

Modes

Serial modes

Transceiver modes

33

36

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

32

Modes

Serial modes

The firmware operates in several different modes. Two top-level modes establish how the device

communicates with other devices through its serial interface: Transparent operating mode and API

operating mode. Use the AP command to choose Serial mode. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Modules use Transparent operation as the default serial mode.

The following modes describe how the serial port sends and receives data.

Transparent operating mode

Devices operate in this mode by default. The device acts as a serial line replacement when it is in

Transparent operating mode. The device queues all UART data it receives through the DIN pin for RF

transmission. When a device receives RF data, it sends the data out through the DOUT pin. You can set

the configuration parameters using Command mode.

Note Transparent operating mode is not available when using the SPI interface; see SPI operation.

Serial-to-RF packetization

The device buffers data in the serial receive buffer until one of the following causes the data to be

packetized and transmitted:

n

The device receives no serial characters for the amount of time determined by the RO

(Packetization Timeout) parameter. If RO = 0, packetization begins when a character is

received.

n

The device receives the Command Mode Sequence (GT + CC + GT). Any character buffered in

the serial receive buffer before the sequence is transmitted.

n

The device receives the maximum number of characters that fits in an RF packet (100 bytes).

Serial-to-RF packetization

Data is buffered in the DI buffer until one of the following causes the data to be packetized and

transmitted:

1. No serial characters are received for the amount of time determined by the RO (Packetization

Timeout) parameter. If RO = 0, packetization begins when a character is received.

2. The maximum number of characters that will fit in an RF packet (100) is received. The

maximum payload depends on whether you use Compatibility mode or not. If you use it, the

maximum payload is 100 characters, but if you do not use it, depending on encryption, the App

header and addressing, the payload can be larger.

3. The Command Mode Sequence (GT + CC + GT) is received. Any character buffered in the DI

buffer before the sequence is transmitted.

If the device cannot immediately transmit (for instance, if it is already receiving RF data), the serial

data is stored in the DI Buffer. The data is packetized and sent at any RO timeout or when 100 bytes

(maximum packet size without Compatibility mode) are received.

If the DI buffer becomes full, hardware flow control must be implemented in order to prevent overflow

(loss of data between the host and device).

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

33

Modes

Serial modes

API operating mode

Application programming interface (API) operating mode is an alternative to Transparent mode. It is

helpful in managing larger networks and is more appropriate for performing tasks such as collecting

data from multiple locations or controlling multiple devices remotely. API mode is a frame-based

protocol that allows you to direct data on a packet basis. It can be particularly useful in large

networks where you need control over the operation of the radio network or when you need to know

which node a data packet is from. The device communicates UART or SPI data in packets, also known

as API frames. This mode allows for structured communications with serial devices.

For more information, see API mode overview.

Command mode

Command mode is a state in which the firmware interprets incoming characters as commands. It

allows you to modify the device’s configuration using parameters you can set using AT

commands. When you want to read or set any parameter of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Module using this mode, you have to send an AT command. Every AT command starts with the

letters AT followed by the two characters that identify the command and then by some optional

configuration values.

The operating modes of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module are controlled by the AP (API

Enable) setting, but Command mode is always available as a mode the device can enter while

configured for any of the operating modes.

Command mode is available on the UART interface for all operating modes. You cannot use the SPI

interface to enter Command mode.

Enter Command mode

To get a device to switch into Command mode, you must issue the following sequence: +++ within

one second. There must be at least one second preceding and following the +++ sequence. Both the

command character (CC) and the silence before and after the sequence (GT) are configurable. When

the entrance criteria are met the device responds with OK\r on UART signifying that it has entered

Command mode successfully and is ready to start processing AT commands.

If configured to operate in Transparent operating mode, when entering Command mode the

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module knows to stop sending data and start accepting commands

locally.

Note Do not press Return or Enter after typing +++ because it interrupts the guard time silence and

prevents you from entering Command mode.

When the device is in Command mode, it listens for user input and is able to receive AT commands on

the UART. If CT time (default is 10 seconds) passes without any user input, the device drops out of

Command mode and returns to the previous operating mode. You can force the device to leave

Command mode by sending CN (Exit Command mode).

You can customize the command character, the guard times and the timeout in the device’s

configuration settings. For more information, see CC (Command Character), CT (Command mode

Timeout) and GT (Guard Times).

Troubleshooting

Failure to enter Command mode is often due to baud rate mismatch. Ensure that the baud rate of the

connection matches the baud rate of the device. By default, BD (Interface Data Rate) = 3 (9600 b/s).

There are two alternative ways to enter Command mode:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

34

Modes

Serial modes

n

A serial break for six seconds enters Command mode. You can issue the "break" command

from a serial console, it is often a button or menu item.

Asserting DIN (serial break) upon power up or reset enters Command mode. XCTU guides you

through a reset and automatically issues the break when needed.

Both of these methods temporarily set the device's baud rate to 9600 and return an OK on the UART

to indicate that Command mode is active. When Command mode exits, the device returns to normal

operation at the baud rate that BD is set to.

Send AT commands

Once the device enters Command mode, use the syntax in the following figure to send AT commands.

Every AT command starts with the letters AT, which stands for "attention." The AT is followed by two

characters that indicate which command is being issued, then by some optional configuration values.

To read a parameter value stored in the device’s register, omit the parameter field.

The preceding example changes NI (Node Identifier) to My XBee.

Multiple AT commands

You can send multiple AT commands at a time when they are separated by a comma in Command

mode; for example, ATNIMy XBee,AC<cr>.

The preceding example changes the NI (Node Identifier) to My XBee and makes the setting active

through AC (Apply Changes).

Parameter format

Refer to the list of AT commands for the format of individual AT command parameters. Valid formats

for hexidecimal values include with or without a leading 0x for example FFFF or 0xFFFF.

Response to AT commands

When using AT commands to set parameters the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module responds

with OK<cr> if successful and ERROR<cr> if not.

Apply command changes

Any changes you make to the configuration command registers using AT commands do not take effect

until you apply the changes. For example, if you send the BD command to change the baud rate, the

actual baud rate does not change until you apply the changes. To apply changes:

1. Send AC (Apply Changes).

2. Send WR (Write).

or:

3. Exit Command mode.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

35

Modes

Transceiver modes

Make command changes permanent

Send a WR (Write) command to save the changes. WR writes parameter values to non-volatile memory

so that parameter modifications persist through subsequent resets.

Send as RE (Restore Defaults) to wipe settings saved using WR back to their factory defaults.

Note You still have to use WR to save the changes enacted with RE.

Exit Command mode

1. Send CN (Exit Command mode) followed by a carriage return.

or:

2. If the device does not receive any valid AT commands within the time specified by CT

(Command mode Timeout), it returns to Transparent or API mode. The default Command

mode timeout is 10 seconds.

For an example of programming the device using AT Commands and descriptions of each configurable

parameter, see AT commands.

Transceiver modes

The following modes describe how the transceiver sends and receives over-the-air (OTA) data.

Idle mode

When not receiving or transmitting data, the device is in Idle mode. During Idle mode, the device

listens for valid data on both the RF and serial ports.

Transmit mode

Transmit mode is the mode in which the device is transmitting data. This typically happens when data

is received from the serial port.

Receive mode

This is the default mode for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. The device is in Receive

mode when it is not transmitting data. If a destination node receives a valid RF packet, the destination

node transfers the data to its serial transmit buffer.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

36

Operation

Addressing

38

40

42

48

49

52

54

60

63

65

Encryption

Maximum payload

Networking

Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)

Serial interface

SPI operation

I/O support

Sleep support

Node discovery

Remote configuration commands

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

37

Operation

Addressing

Every RF data packet sent over-the-air contains a Source Address and Destination Address field in its

header. The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module conforms to the 802.15.4 specification and

supports both short 16-bit addresses and long 64-bit addresses. A unique 64-bit IEEE source address is

assigned at the factory and can be read with the SL (Serial Number Low) and SH (Serial Number High)

commands. You must manually configure short addressing. A device uses its unique 64-bit address as

its Source Address if its MY (16-bit Source Address) value is 0xFFFF or 0xFFFE.

Send packets to a specific device

To send a packet to a specific device using 64-bit addressing:

n

Set the Destination Address (DL + DH) of the sender to match the Source Address (SL + SH) of

the intended destination device.

To send a packet to a specific device using 16-bit addressing:

1. Set the DL parameter to equal the MY parameter of the intended destination device.

2. Set the DH parameter to 0.

Addressing modes

802.15.4 frames have a source address, a destination address, and a destination PAN ID in the over-

the-air (OTA) frame. The source and destination addresses may be either long or short and the

destination address may be either a unicast or a broadcast. The destination PAN ID is short and it may

also be the broadcast PAN ID.

In Transparent mode, the destination address is set by the DH and DL parameters, but, in API mode, it

is set by the TX Request: 64-bit address (0x00) or TX Request: 16-bit Address (0x01) frames. In either

Transparent mode or API mode, the destination PAN ID is set with the ID parameter, and the source

address is set with the MY parameter.

Broadcasts and unicasts

Broadcasts are identified by the 16-bit short address of 0xFFFF. Any other destination address is

considered a unicast and is a candidate for acknowledgments, if enabled.

Broadcast PAN ID

The Broadcast PAN ID is also 0xFFFF. Its effect is to traverse all PANs in the vicinity. Typically, this only

makes sense during association time when sending beacon requests to find PAN IDs.

Short and long addresses

A short address is 16 bits and a long address is 64 bits. The short address is set with the MY

parameter. If the short address is 0xFFFE or 0xFFFF, then the address of the device is long and it is the

serial number of the device as read by the SH and SL parameters.

Note When an end device associates to a coordinator, it is assigned the short address of 0xFFFE.

Encryption

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports AES 128-bit encryption. 128-bit encryption

refers to the length of the encryption key entered with the KY command (128 bits = 16 bytes). The

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

38

Operation

Encryption

802.15.4 protocol specifies eight security modes, enumerated as shown in the following table.

Length of message integrity

check

Packet length

overhead

Level

Name

Encrypted?

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

N/A

No

Yes

0 (no check)

0

MIC-32

4

9

MIC-64

8

13

21

5

MIC-128

ENC

16

0 (no check)

ENC-MIC-32

ENC-MIC-64

ENC-MIC-128

4

9

8

13

21

16

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module only supports security levels 0 and 4. It does not support

message integrity checks. EE 0 selects security level 0 and EE 1 selects security level 4. When using

encryption, all devices in the network must use the same 16-byte encryption key for valid data to get

through. Mismatched keys will corrupt the data output on the receiving device. Mismatched EE

parameters will prevent the receiving device from outputting received data.

Working from a maximum packet size of 116 bytes, encryption affects the maximum payload as shown

in the following table.

Effect on

maximum

payload

Factor

Comment

Compatibility

mode

Force to 95 If C8 bit 0 is set, all packets are limited to 95 bytes, regardless of

other factors listed below. This is how the Legacy 802.15.4 module

(S1 hardware) functions.

Packet

overhead

Reduce by 5 This penalty for enabling encryption is unavoidable due to the

802.15.4 protocol.

Source address Reduce by 6 This penalty is unavoidable because the 802.15.4 requires encrypted

packets to be sent with a long source address, even if a short

address would otherwise be used.

Destination

address

Reduce by 6 This penalty only applies if sending to a long address rather than a

short address.

App header

Reduce by 4 The app header for encryption is 4 bytes long. This penalty only

applies if MM = 0 or 3.

Because of the two mandatory reductions when using encryption, no packet can exceed 116 - (5+6)

=105 bytes. The other options may further reduce the maximum payload to 101 bytes, 99 bytes, or 95

bytes.

When operating in API mode and not using encryption, if the source address is long, the receiving

device outputs an RX Indicator (0x80) frame for received data. But, if the source address is short, the

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

39

Operation

Maximum payload

receiving device outputs a Receive Packet (0x81) frame for received data. These same rules apply for

encryption if MM is 0 or 3. This is possible because the four-byte encryption App header includes the

short address of the sender and the long received address is not used for API output. If encryption is

enabled with MM of 1 or 2, then no App header exists, the source address is always long, and the

receiving device in API mode always outputs a 64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80.

Maximum payload

There is a maximum payload that you can send at one time, depending on the device's configuration.

These maximums only apply in API mode. If you attempt to send an API packet with a larger payload

than specified, the device responds with a Transmit Status frame (0x89) with the Status field set to 74

(Data payload too large).

In Transparent mode, the firmware splits the data as necessary to cope with maximum payloads.

Maximum payload rules

Note Refer to NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) which can provide maximum packet size, it always

assumes a long destination address. This means that if you select a short destination address, you will

be able to send up to NP + 6 bytes in a single packet.

1. If you enable transmit compatibility with the Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware):

l

There is a fixed maximum payload of 100 bytes if not using encryption

l

There is a fixed maximum payload of 95 bytes if using encryption

l

The rest of the rules do not apply. They apply only when you disable transmit

compatibility with the Legacy 802.15.4 module.

2. The maximum achievable payload is 116 bytes. This is achieved when:

n

Not using encryption.

n

Not using the application header.

n

Using the short source address.

n

Using the short destination address.

3. If you are using the application header—MM (MAC Mode) set to 0 or 3—the maximum

achievable payload is reduced by:

n

2 bytes if not using encryption.

n

4 bytes if using encryption.

4. If you are using the long source address, the maximum achievable payload is reduced by 6

bytes (size of long address (8) - size of short address (2) = 6).

5. If you are using encryption, the short source addresses are promoted to long source addresses,

so the maximum achievable payload is reduced by 6 bytes.

6. If you are using the long destination address, the maximum achievable payload is reduced by 6

bytes (the difference between the 8 bytes required for a long address and the 2 bytes required

for a short address).

7. if you are using encryption, the maximum achievable payload is reduced by 5 bytes.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

40

Operation

Maximum payload

Maximum payload summary tables

The following table indicates the maximum payload when using transmit compatibility with the

Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware).

Encryption

Enabled

Disabled

95 B

100 B

The following table indicates the maximum payload when using the application header and not using

encryption. Increment the maximum payload in 2 bytes if you are not using the application header.

Destination Address

Source Address Short

Long

108 B

102 B

Short

Long

114 B

108 B

The following table indicates the maximum payload when using the application header and using

encryption. Increment the maximum payload in 4 bytes if you are not using the application header.

Destination Address

Source Address Short

Long

95 B

Short

Long

101 B

Work with Legacy devices

The Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware) transmits packets one by one. It does not transmit a

packet until it receives all expected acknowledgments of the previous packet or the timeout expires.

The new XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules enhance transmission by implementing a

transmission queue that allows the device to transmit to several devices at the same time. Broadcast

transmissions are performed in parallel with the unicast transmissions.

This enhancement in the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module can produce problematic

behavior under certain conditions if the receiver is a Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware).

The conditions are:

n

The sender is a XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module, and the receiver is a Legacy 802.15.4

module.

n

The sender has the Digi Header enabled (MM = 0 or 3) and RR (XBee Retries) > 0.

n

The sender sends broadcast and unicast messages at the same time to the Legacy 802.15.4

module without waiting for the transmission status of the previous packet.

The effect is:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

41

Operation

Networking

n

The receiver may display duplicate packets.

The solution is:

n

Set bit 0 of the C8 (802.15.4 Compatibility) parameter to 1 to enable TX compatibility mode in the

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. This eliminates the transmission queue to avoid sending

to multiple addresses simultaneously. It also limits the packet size to the levels of the Legacy

802.15.4 module.

Networking

The following table describes some common terms we use when discussing networks.

Term

Definition

Association

Coordinator

End device

Establishing membership between end devices and a coordinator.

A full-function device (FFD) that provides network synchronization by polling nodes.

When in the same network as a coordinator. Devices that rely on a coordinator for

synchronization and can be put into states of sleep for low-power applications.

PAN

Personal Area Network. A data communication network that includes one or more

end devices and optionally a coordinator.

MAC Mode configuration

Medium Access Control (MAC) Mode configures two functions:

1. Enables or disables the use of a Digi header in the 802.15.4 RF packet.

When the Digi header is enabled (MM = 0 or 3), duplicate packet detection is enabled as well as

certain AT commands.

Modes 1 and 2 do not include a Digi header, which disables many features of the device. All

data is strictly pass through.

2. Enables or disables MAC acknowledgment request for unicast packets.

When MAC ACK is enabled (MM = 0 or 2), transmitting devices send packets with an ACK

request so receiving devices send an ACK back (acknowledgment of RF packet reception) to the

transmitter. If the transmitting device does not receive the ACK, it re-sends the packet up to

three times or until the ACK is received.

Modes 1 and 3 disable MAC acknowledgment. Transmitting devices send packets without an

ACK request so receiving devices do not send an ACK back to the transmitter.

Broadcast messages are always sent with the MAC ACK request disabled.

The following table summarizes the functionality.

Mode

Digi Header MAC ACK

0 (default) V

V

1

2

V

3

V

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Operation

Networking

The default value for the MM configuration parameter is 0 which enables both the Digi header and the

MAC acknowledgment.

XBee retries configuration

Configures the maximum number of retries the device executes in addition to the three retries

provided by the 802.15.4 MAC. RR (XBee Retries) controls XBee retries configuration. It is also known

as Application Retries.

For each XBee retry, the 802.15.4 MAC can execute up to three retries.

This only applies if MAC Mode configuration has Digi Header enabled.

Transmit status based on MAC mode and XBee retries configurations

When working in API mode, a transmit request frame sent by the user is always answered with a

transmit status frame sent by the device, if the frame ID is non-zero.

The following tables report the expected transmit status for unicast transmissions and the maximum

number of MAC and application retries the device attempts.

The tables also report the transmit status reported when the device detects energy above the CCA

threshold (when a CCA failure happens).

The following table applies in either of these cases:

l

Digi Header is disabled.

l

Digi Header is enabled and XBee Retries (RR parameter) is equal to 0 (default configuration).

Destination reachable

Retries

Destination unreachable

Retries

CCA failure happened

Retries

TX

Mac ACK

Config

MAC App TX status

MAC App status

MAC App

TX status

Enabled

00

(Success)

up to

3

0

01 (No

acknowledgment

received)

3

0

02 (CCA

failure)

3

0

Disabled 00

(Success)

0

00 (Success)

0

02 (CCA

failure)

3

0

The following table applies when:

l

Digi Header is enabled and XBee Retries (RR parameter) is bigger than 0.

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Operation

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Destination reachable

Retries

Destination unreachable

Retries

CCA failure happened

Retries

MAC

3

Mac ACK

Config

TX

status

MAC

App

TX status MAC

App

TX status

Enabled

00

(Success)

up to up to

3 per RR

21

(Network

ACK

3

RR

value

02 (CCA

failure)

RR

value

app

value

retry

Failure)

Disabled

00

(Success)

0

up to

RR

value

21

(Network

ACK

0

RR

value

02 (CCA

failure)

3

RR

value

Failure)

Peer-to-peer networks

By default, XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module modules are configured to operate within a peer-

to-peer network topology and therefore are not dependent upon master/slave relationships. This

means that devices remain synchronized without the use of master/server configurations and each

device in the network shares both roles of master and slave. Our peer-to-peer architecture features

fast synchronization times and fast cold start times. This default configuration accommodates a wide

range of RF data applications.

Master/slave networks

In a Master Slave network, there is a coordinator and one or more end devices. When end devices

associate to the coordinator, they become members of that Personal Area Network (PAN). As such,

they share the same channel and PAN ID. PAN IDs must be unique to prevent miscommunication

between PANs. Depending on the A1 and A2 parameters, association may assist in automatically

assigning the PAN ID and the channel. These parameters are specified below based on the network

role (end device or coordinator).

End device association

End device association occurs if CE is 0 and A1 has bit 2 set. See the following table.

Bit

Hex value

Meaning

0

0x01

Allow PAN ID reassignment

1

2

3

0x02

0x04

0x08

Allow channel reassignment

Auto association

Poll coordinator on pin wake

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Operation

Networking

By default, A1 is 0, which disables association and effectively causes an end device to operate in peer-

to-peer mode. When bit 2 is set, the end device associates to a coordinator. This is done by sending

out an active scan to detect beacons from nearby networks. The active scan selects one channel and

transmits a Beacon Request command to the broadcast address and the broadcast PAN ID. It then

listens on that channel for beacons from any coordinator operating on that channel. The listen time

on each channel is determined by the SD parameter. Once that time expires, the active scan selects

the next channel, repeating until all channels have been scanned.

If A1 is 0x04 (bit 0 clear, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will reject all beacons that do

not match both the configured PAN ID and the configured channel. This is the best way to join a

particular coordinator.

If A1 is 0x05 (bit 0 set, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any

PAN ID, providing the channel matches. This is useful if the channel is known, but not the PAN ID.

If A1 is 0x06 (bit 0 clear, bit 1 set, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any

channel, providing the PAN ID matches. This is useful if the PAN ID is known, but not the channel.

If A1 is 0x07 (bit 0 set, bit 1 set, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any PAN

ID and from any channel. This is useful when the network does not matter, but the one with the best

signal is desired.

Whenever multiple beacons are received that meet the criteria of the active scan, then the beacon

with the best link quality is selected. This applies whether A1 is 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, or 0x07.

Before the End Device joins a network, the Associate LED will be on solid. After it joins a network, the

Associate LED will blink twice per second.

In the event that association parameters are changed after the end device is associated, the end

device will leave the network and re-join in accordance with the new configuration parameters.

Coordinator association

Coordinator association occurs if CE is 1 and A2 has bit 2 set. See the following table.

Bit

Hex value

Meaning

0

0x01

Allow PAN ID reassignment

1

2

0x02

0x04

Allow channel reassignment

Allow association

By default, A2 is 0, which prevents devices from associating to the coordinator. So, if CE is 1 and A2 bit

2 is 0, the device still creates a network, but end devices are unable to associate to it.

If A2 bit 2 is set, then joining is allowed after the coordinator forms a network.

If A2 bit 0 is set, the coordinator issues an active scan. This means it will send out beacon requests to

the broadcast address (0xFFFF) and the broadcast PAN ID (0xFFFF). Then, it will listen for beacons. The

listen time is determined by the SD parameter. Then the same beacon request is sent out on the next

channel and the device listens for beacon responses on that channel. This process repeats until each

channel in the channel mask (SC) is scanned for SD time. If none of the beacons on any of the

channels return a PAN ID equivalent with the ID parameter, then the coordinator will use the ID

parameter for the PAN ID of the new network it forms. But, if a beacon response matches the PAN ID

of the coordinator, the coordinator will form a PAN on a unique PAN ID.

If A2 bit 0 is clear, then the coordinator will form a network on the PAN ID identified by the ID

parameter, without regard to another network that might have the same PAN ID.

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Networking

If A2 bit 1 is set, the coordinator will issue an energy scan, similar to the active scan. It will listen on

each channel specified in the SC parameter for the time indicated by the SD parameter. After the scan

is complete, the channel with the least energy is selected to form the new network.

If A2 bit 1 is clear, then no energy scan is performed and the CH parameter is used to select the

channel of the new network.

If bits 0 and 1 of A2 are both set, then an active scan is done followed by an energy scan. However, the

channels on which the active scan finds a coordinator are eliminated as possible channels for the

energy scan, unless such an action would eliminate all channels. If beacons are found on all channels

in the channel mask, then then the energy scan behaves the same as it would if beacons are not found

on any of those channels. Therefore, the active scan will be performed on all channels in the channel

mask. Then, an energy scan will be performed on the channels in the channel mask that did not find a

coordinator.

Depending on the result of the active scan, the set of channels for the energy scan varies. If a PAN ID is

found on all the channels in the channel mask, then the energy scan operates on all the channels in

the channel mask. If at least one of the channels in the channel mask did not find a PAN ID, then the

channels with PAN IDs are eliminated from consideration for the energy scan. After the energy scan

completes, the channel with the least energy is selected for forming the new network.

Whenever CE, ID, A2, or MY changes, the network will leave and association will recur with the new

parameters. Any end devices associated to the coordinator prior to changing one of these parameters

will lose association. For this reason, it is important not to change these parameters on a coordinator

unless needed.

Before the Coordinator forms a network, the Associate LED will be on solid. After it forms a network,

the Associate LED will blink once per second.

Indirect addressing

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module may hold indirect messages until it runs out of buffers

and the size of those messages does not matter. A brief summary follows:

A coordinator (CE = 1) must have SP set to a non-zero value to use indirect addressing. Otherwise, all

frames will be sent directly, assuming the target device is awake. For best operation, SP and ST

should be set to match the SP and ST values of the end nodes. The coordinator will hold onto an

indirect message until it receives a poll from the device to which the message is addressed, or until a

timeout, whichever occurs first. The timeout is 2.5 times the value of SP.

After an indirect message is sent, subsequent messages to the same address will be sent directly for a

period of time equal to the ST parameter. The assumption is that the end device will remain awake

for ST time after the last transmission or reception. Therefore, after a poll, every transmission and

reception involving that address restart the ST timer. After the ST timer expires, the coordinator will

again use indirect messaging (i.e it will hold messages awaiting a poll.)

End devices using cyclic sleep send a poll to the coordinator when they wake up unless SO bit 0 is

set. End devices using pin sleep may be configured to send a poll on a pin wakeup by setting bit 3 of

A1. Also the FP command can be used to send a poll upon exiting command mode. However, the poll

is not sent while in command mode. Rather the poll is sent after changes are applied so that the

module is ready to receive data after the poll is sent.

It is more difficult to use indirect addressing with pin sleep than with cyclic sleep because the end

device must wake up periodically to poll for the data from the coordinator. Otherwise, the coordinator

will discard the data. Therefore, cyclic sleep is the only recommended sleep mode for indirect

addressing.

Association indicators

There are two types of association indicators: Asynchronous device status messages, and on demand

queries. Asynchronous device status messages occur whenever a change occurs and API mode is

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Operation

Networking

enabled. On demand queries occur when the AI command is issued, which can occur in Command

mode, in API mode, or as a remote command.

Device Status Messages

Not all device status messages are related with association, but for completeness all device status

types reported by XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module are listed in the following table.

Type

0x00

0x01

0x02

0x03

0x06

0x0D

Meaning

Hardware reset.

Watchdog reset.

End device successfully associated with a coordinator.

End device disassociated from coordinator or coordinator failed to form a new network.

Coordinator formed a new network.

Input voltage on the XBee-PRO device is too high, which prevents transmissions.

Association indicator status codes

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module code can potentially give any of the status codes in the

following table.

Code

Meaning

0x00

Coordinator successfully started, End device successfully associated, or operating in peer

to peer mode where no association is needed.

0x03

0x04

Active Scan found a PAN coordinator, but it is not currently accepting associations.

Active Scan found a PAN coordinator in a beacon-enabled network, which is not a

supported feature.

0x05

0x06

Active Scan found a PAN, but the PAN ID does not match the configured PAN ID on the

requesting end device and bit 0 of A1 is not set to allow reassignment of PAN ID.

Active Scan found a PAN on a channel does not match the configured channel on the

requesting end device and bit 1 of A1 is not set to allow reassignment of the channel.

0x0C

0x13

0xFF

Association request failed to get a response.

End device is disassociated or is in the process of disassociating.

Initialization time; no association status has been determined yet.

Sleep

Sleep is implemented to support installations where a mains power source is not available and a

battery is required. In order to increase battery life, the device sleeps, which means it stops operating.

It can be woken by a timer expiration or a pin.

For more information about sleep modes, see Sleep modes.

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Operation

Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)

Sleep conditions

Since instructions stop executing while the device is sleeping, it is important to avoid sleeping when

the device has work to do. For example, the device will not sleep if any of the following are true:

1. The device is operating in command mode, or in the process of getting into command mode

with the +++ sequence.

2. The device is processing AT commands from API mode

3. The device is processing remote AT commands

4. Something is queued to the serial port and that data is not blocked by RTS flow control

If each of the above conditions are false, then sleep may still be blocked in these cases:

1. Enough time has not expired since the device has awakened.

a. If the device is operating in pin sleep, the amount of time needed for one character to be

received on the UART is enough time.

b. If the device is operating in cyclic sleep, enough time is defined by a timer. The duration of

that timer is:

i. defined by ST if in SM 5 mode and it is awakened by a pin

ii. 30 ms to allow enough time for a poll and a poll response

iii. 750 ms to allow enough time for association, in case that needs to happen

c. In addition, the wake time is extended by an additional ST time when new OTA data or

serial data is received.

2. Sleep Request pin is not asserted when operating in pin sleep mode

3. Data is waiting to be sent OTA.

Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)

Prior to transmitting a packet, the device performs a CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) on the channel

to determine if the channel is available for transmission. The detected energy on the channel is

compared with the CA (Clear Channel Assessment) parameter value. If the detected energy exceeds

the CA parameter value, the device does not transmit the packet.

Also, the device inserts a delay before a transmission takes place. You can set this delay using the RN

(Backoff Exponent) parameter. If you set RN to 0, then there is no delay before the first CCA is

performed. The RN parameter value is the equivalent of the “minBE” parameter in the 802.15.4

specification. The transmit sequence follows the 802.15.4 specification.

By default, the MM (MAC Mode) parameter = 0. On a CCA failure, the device attempts to re-send the

packet up to two additional times.

When in Unicast packets with RR (Retries) = 0, the device executes two CCA retries. Broadcast packets

always get two CCA retries.

Note Customers in Europe who have the XBee 802.15.4 module must manage their CCA settings. See

CA (CCA Threshold) for CA values.

CCA operations

CCA is a method of collision avoidance that is implemented by detecting the energy level on the

transmission channel before starting the transmission. The CCA threshold (defined by the CA

parameter) defines the energy level that it takes to block a transmission attempt. For example, if CCA

is set to the default value of 0x2C (which is interpreted as -44 dBm) then energy detected above the -

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Operation

Serial interface

44 dBm level (for example -40 dBm) temporarily blocks a transmission attempt. But if the energy level

is less than that (for example -50 dBm), the transmission is not blocked. The intent of this feature is to

prevent simultaneous transmissions on the same channel.

CCA can be set down to 0x50 (or -80 dBm), which approaches the sensitivity level. Setting such a

threshold may not work in a noisy environment.

In the event that the energy level exceeds the threshold, the transmission is blocked some random

number of backoff periods. The number of backoff periods is defined by random(2^n - 1) where the

initial value of n is defined by the RN parameter and it increments after each failure. When RN is set to

its default value of 0, then 2^n -1 is 0, preventing any delay before the first energy detection on a new

frame. However, n increments after each CCA failure, giving a greater range for the number of backoff

periods between each energy detection cycle.

In the event that five energy detection cycles occur and each one detects too much energy, the

application tries again 1 to 48 ms later. After the application retries are exhausted, then the

transmission fails with a CCA error.

Whenever the MAC code reports a CCA failure, meaning that it performed five energy detection cycles

with exponential random back-offs, and each one failed, the EC parameter is incremented. The EC

parameter can be read at any time to find out how noisy the operating channel is. It continues to

increment until it reaches its maximum value of 0xFFFF. To get new statistics, you can always set EC

back to 0.

Serial interface

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module interfaces to a host device through a serial port. The

device can communicate through its serial port with:

n

Through logic and voltage compatible universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART).

n

Through a level translator to any serial device, for example, through an RS-232 or USB interface

board.

n

Through a SPI, as described in SPI signals.

Select a serial port

The device has two serial ports and only one is active at a time. To be active, a port must be enabled

and in use.

The UART is always enabled. The SPI is enabled if it is configured. To be configured, SPI_MISO, SPI_

MOSI, SPI_SSEL , and SPI_CLK must all be configured as peripherals. On the surface-mount device,

these lines are configured as peripherals by setting P5, P6, P7, and P8 to 1. This is also the default

configuration for surface-mount devices.

On the through-hole device, those pins are not available and SPI is disabled by default. Therefore, to

configure the SPI pins on a through-hole device, hold DOUT low during a reset. If the UART is not

hooked up, then DOUT can be treated as an input to force the device into SPI mode. It is best to

follow this special operation by a WR operation so that the SPI port will still be enabled on future

resets without forcing DOUT low.

Once the SPI port is enabled by either means, it is still not active until the external SPI master asserts

SPI_SSEL low. After the SPI port is active, the device continues to use the SPI port until the next reset.

Serial receive buffer

When serial data enters the device through the DIN pin (or the MOSI pin), it stores the data in the

serial receive buffer until the device can process it. Under certain conditions, the device may not be

able to process data in the serial receive buffer immediately. If large amounts of serial data are sent to

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Operation

Serial interface

the device such that the serial receive buffer would overflow, then it discards new data. If the UART is

in use, you can avoid this by the host side honoring CTS flow control.

Serial transmit buffer

When the device receives RF data, it moves the data into the serial transmit buffer and sends it out the

UART or SPI port. If the serial transmit buffer becomes full and the system buffers are also full, then it

drops the entire RF data packet. Whenever the device receives data faster than it can process and

transmit the data out the serial port, there is a potential of dropping data.

UART data flow

Devices that have a UART interface connect directly to the pins of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Module as shown in the following figure. The figure shows system data flow in a UART-interfaced

environment. Low-asserted signals have a horizontal line over the signal name.

Serial data

A device sends data to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module's UART through TH pin 3/SMT pin

4 DIN as an asynchronous serial signal. When the device is not transmitting data, the signals should

idle high.

For serial communication to occur, you must configure the UART of both devices (the microcontroller

and the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module) with compatible settings for the baud rate, parity,

start bits, stop bits, and data bits.

Each data byte consists of a start bit (low), 8 data bits (least significant bit first) and a stop bit (high).

The following diagram illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the device. The

diagram shows UART data packet 0x1F (decimal number 31) as transmitted through the device.

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Operation

Serial interface

Flow control

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module maintains buffers to collect serial and RF data that it

receives. The serial receive buffer collects incoming serial characters and holds them until the device

can process them. The serial transmit buffer collects the data it receives via the RF link until it

transmits that data out the serial port. The following figure shows the process of device buffers

collecting received serial data.

CTS flow control

If you enable CTS flow control (by setting D7 to 1), when the serial receive buffer is 17 bytes away

from being full, the device de-asserts CTS (sets it high) to signal to the host device to stop sending

serial data. The device reasserts CTS after the serial receive buffer has 34 bytes of space. The

maximum space available for receiving serial data is 174 bytes, which is enough to hold 1.5 full

packets of data.

Flow control threshold

Use the FT parameter to set the flow control threshold. Since the receive serial buffer is 174 bytes, you

cannot set FT to more than 174-12 = 162 bytes. This allows up to 17 bytes of data to come in after CTS

is de-asserted before data is dropped. The default value of FT is 109, leaving space for an external

device that responds slowly to CTS being de-asserted. The minimum value of FT is 17, which is the

minimal operational level.

RTS flow control

If you send the D6 command to enable RTS flow control, the device does not send data in the serial

transmit buffer out the DOUT pin as long as RTS is de-asserted (set high). Do not de-assert RTS for

long periods of time or the serial transmit buffer will fill. If the device receives an RF data packet and

the serial transmit buffer does not have enough space for all of the data bytes, it discards the entire

RF data packet.

If the device sends data out the UART when RTS is de-asserted (set high) the device could send up to

five characters out the UART port after RTS is de-asserted.

Cases in which the DO buffer may become full, resulting in dropped RF packets:

1. If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the device, the device may

receive data faster than it can send the data to the host. Even occasional transmissions from a

large number of devices can quickly accumulate and overflow the transmit buffer.

2. If the host does not allow the device to transmit data out from the serial transmit buffer due to

being held off by hardware flow control.

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Operation

SPI operation

Asynchronous Parameters

Asynchronous communication over a UART is configured with a start bit, data bits, parity, stop bits,

and baud rate. Out of these, only parity and baud rate are configurable on the device for 802.15.4. This

means that the connecting micro-controller must match the the start bits (1), the data bits (8), and the

stop bits (1) of the device for proper communication.

Parity

Use the NB command to configure parity; see NB (Parity).

SPI operation

This section specifies how SPI is implemented on the device, what the SPI signals are, and how full

duplex operations work.

SPI signals

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports SPI communications in slave mode. Slave mode

receives the clock signal and data from the master and returns data to the master. The SPI port uses

the following signals on the device:

SMT pin SMT applicable AT

TH Pin TH applicable AT

Signal

#

command

#

command

SPI_MOSI (Master out,

Slave in)

P6

16

11

D4

SPI_MISO (Master in,

Slave out)

P5

17

4

P2

SPI_SCLK (Serial clock)

SPI_SSEL (Slave select)

SPI_ATTN (Attention)

P8

P7

P9

14

15

12

18

17

19

D2

D3

D1

By default, the inputs have pull-up resistors enabled. Use the PR command to disable the pull-up

resistors. When the SPI pins are not connected but the pins are configured for SPI operation, then the

device requires the pull-ups for proper UART operation.

Signal description

SPI_MISO: When SPI_CLK is active, the device outputs the data on SPI_MISO at the SPI_CLK rate. If

there are other SPI slave devices connected to the same SPI master, then the SPI_MISO output from

XBee device must be externally tri-stated when SPI_SSEL is de-asserted to prevent multiple devices

from driving SPI_MISO.

SPI_MOSI: The SPI master outputs data on this line at the SPI_CLK rate after it selects the desired

slave. When you configure the device for SPI operations, this pin is an input.

SPI_SCLK: The SPI master outputs a clock on this pin, and the rate must not exceed the maximum

allowed, 5 Mb/s. This signal clocks data transfers on MOSI and MISO.

SPI_SSEL: The SPI master outputs a low signal on this pin to select the device as an SPI slave. When

you configure the device for SPI operations, this pin is an input. This signal enables serial

communication with the slave.

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Operation

SPI operation

SPI_ATTN: The device asserts this pin low when it has data to send to the SPI master. When you

configure this pin for SPI operations, it is an output (not tri-stated). This signal alerts the master that

the slave has data queued to send. The device asserts this pin as soon as data is available to send to

the SPI master and it remains asserted until the SPI master has clocked out all available data.

SPI parameters

Most host processors with SPI hardware allow you to set the bit order, clock phase and polarity. For

communication with all XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules, the host processor must set these

options as follows:

n

Bit order: send MSB first

n

Clock phase (CPHA): sample data on first (leading) edge

n

Clock polarity (CPOL): first (leading) edge rises

All XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules use SPI mode 0 and MSB first. Mode 0 means that data is

sampled on the leading edge and that the leading edge rises. MSB first means that bit 7 is the first bit

of a byte sent over the interface.

SPI and API mode

The SPI only operates in API mode 1. The SPI does not support Transparent mode or API mode 2 (with

escaped characters). This means that the AP configuration only applies to the UART interface and is

ignored while using the SPI.

Full duplex operation

When using SPI on the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module the device uses API operation without

escaped characters to packetize data. The device ignores the configuration of AP because SPI does

not operate in any other mode. SPI is a full duplex protocol, even when data is only available in one

direction. This means that whenever a device receives data, it also transmits, and that data is

normally invalid. Likewise, whenever a device transmits data, invalid data is probably received. To

determine whether or not received data is invalid, the firmware places the data in API packets.

SPI allows for valid data from the slave to begin before, at the same time, or after valid data begins

from the master. When the master sends data to the slave and the slave has valid data to send in the

middle of receiving data from the master, a full duplex operation occurs, where data is valid in both

directions for a period of time. Not only must the master and the slave both be able to keep up with

the full duplex operation, but both sides must honor the protocol.

The following figure illustrates the SPI interface while valid data is being sent in both directions.

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Operation

I/O support

Slave mode characteristics

In slave mode, the following apply:

n

SPI Clock rates up to 5 MHz (5 Mb/s) are possible.

n

Data is MSB first.

n

It uses Frame Format Mode 0. This means CPOL= 0 (idle clock is low) and CPHA = 0 (data is

sampled on the clock’s leading edge). The picture below diagrams Mode 0.

n

The SPI port is setup for API mode and is equivalent to AP = 1.

The following picture shows the frame format for SPI communications.

I/O support

The following topics describe analog and digital I/O line support, line passing and output control.

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Operation

I/O support

Digital I/O line support

Digital I/O is available on pins D0 through D8. Each of these pins may be configured as 3, 4, or 5 with

the following meanings:

n

3 is digital input

n

4 is digital output low

n

5 is digital output high

Pins D0 through D8 are available for digital input, but only D0 through D7 are available for digital

output.

Function

DIO0

DIO1

DIO2

DIO3

DIO4

DIO5

DIO6

DIO7

DIO8

SMT pin

33

TH pin

20

AT command

D0 (DIO0/AD0)

D1 (DIO1/AD1)

32

19

D2 (DIO2/AD2)

31

18

D3 (DIO3/AD3)

30

17

D4 (DIO4)

24

11

D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR)

D6 (DIO6/RTS)

28

15

29

16

D7 (DIO7/CTS)

25

12

D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST)

10

9

Analog input

Analog input is available on D0 through D3 by configuring these parameters to 2. Analog input is not

available on D4 and D5.

On demand I/O sampling

You can use the IS (Force Sample) command to sample pins configured as digital I/O and analog

input. If no pins are configured in this manner (with the DO - D8 commands set to 2, 3, 4, or 5), then

the IS command returns an error.

In Command mode, the output is:

Output

01

Description

Indicates one sample. That is the only possibility for Command mode.

Mask to indicate which lines are sampled (A0, D3, D2, and D1).

Digital sample indicates D3 high, D2 low, and D1 high.

Analog sample for A0 indicates that A0 is reading maximum voltage of 1.2 V.

20E

00A

3FF

In API mode, the output is:

7E 00 0C 83 00 00 00 00 01 03 3E 01 2A 02 10 FD

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Operation

I/O support

In this example, note the following:

83 indicates RX Packet: 16-bit Address I/O frame (0x83).

00 00 indicates 16-bit source address.

00 indicates RSSI (does not apply).

00 indicates options.

01 indicates the number of samples.

03 3E mask to indicate which lines are sampled (A0, D8, D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1).

01 2A digital sample that indicates that D8 is high, D5 is high, D4 is low, D3 is high, D2 is low,

and D1 is high.

02 10 indicates that A0 has input voltage nearly half of capacity, where 03 FF would indicate

the full voltage of 1.2 V = 1200 mV.

For a remote IS command sent to the device listed above with the same configuration, the output is:

7E 00 16 97 01 00 13 A2 00 40 E3 C0 15 00 00 49 53 00 01 03 3E 01 2A 02 10 9F

In this example, note the following:

97 indicates Remote AT Command Response frame (0x97).

01 is the frame ID.

00 13 A2 00 40 E3 C0 15 is the 64-bit source address.

00 00 indicates 16-bit source address.

49 53 (IS) indicates command response to the IS command.

00 indicates the status is OK.

01 indicates the number of samples.

03 3E mask to indicate which lines are sampled (A0, D8, D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1).

01 2A digital sample that indicates that D8 is high, D5 is high, D4 is low, D3 is high, D2 is low,

and D1 is high.

02 10 indicates that A0 has input voltage about half of capacity, where 03 FF would indicate

full voltage of 1.2 V = 1200 mV.

I/O data format

I/O data begins with a header. The first byte of the header defines the number of samples

forthcoming. The last two bytes of the header (Channel Indicator) define which inputs are active. Each

bit represents either a DIO line or ADC channel. The following figure illustrates the bits in the header.

Sample data follows the header and the channel indicator frame determines how to read the sample

data. If any of the DIO lines are enabled, the first two bytes are the DIO sample. The ADC data follows.

ADC channel data is represented as an unsigned 10-bit value right-justified on a 16- bit boundary. The

following figure illustrates the sample data bits.

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Operation

I/O support

Multiple samples per packet

The IT parameter specifies how many I/O samples can be transmitted in a single OTA packet. Any

single-byte value (0 - 0xFF) is accepted for input. However, the value is adjusted downward based on

how many I/O samples can fit into a maximum size packet; see Maximum payload. A query of the IT

parameter after changes are applied tells how many I/O samples actually occur.

Since MM must be 0 or 3 to send I/O samples, the maximum payload in the best of conditions (short

source address, short destination address, and no encryption) is 114 bytes. Seven of those bytes are

used by the command header and the I/O header, leaving 107 bytes for I/O samples. The minimum I/O

sample is 2 bytes. Therefore the maximum possible usable value for IT is 53 (or 0x35).

API support

I/O data is sent out the UART using an API frame. All other data can be sent and received using

Transparent Operation or API frames if API mode is enabled (AP > 0).

API Operations support two RX (Receive) frame identifiers for I/O data (set 16-bit address to 0xFFFE

and the device does 64-bit addressing):

n

0x82 for RX Packet: 64-bit Address I/O

n

0x83 for RX Packet: 16-bit Address I/O

The API command header is the same as shown in 64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80 and 16-bit I/O Sample

Indicator - 0x83. RX data follows the format described in I/O data format.

Periodic I/O sampling

Periodic I/O sampling is done by periodically gathering samples on the source node and sending the

samples to the destination node to output on its serial port.

Source node

On the source node, the IR parameter specifies how many milliseconds between samples. The IT

parameter specifies how many samples will be sent OTA in a single packet, and the DH/DL parameters

designate the node that will receive the samples. In addition MM must be 0 or 3 for I/O samples to be

sent.

The maximum value of IR is 0xFFFF. If IR is 0, periodic I/O sampling is disabled. Otherwise, IR specifies

the number of milliseconds between samples.

If IT is 0, than an I/O sample is sent every IR milliseconds. If IR is greater than 0, then an I/O sample is

sent every IR*IT milliseconds. Any single-byte value (0 - 0xFF) is accepted for input. However, the

value is adjusted downward based on how many I/O samples can fit into a maximum size packet. A

query of the IT parameter after changes are applied tells how many I/O samples will actually occur.

Since MM must be 0 or 3 to send I/O samples, the maximum payload in the best of conditions (short

source address, short destination address, and no encryption) is 114 bytes. Seven of those bytes are

used by the command header and the I/O header, leaving 107 bytes for I/O samples. The minimum I/O

sample is 2 bytes. Therefore the maximum possible usable value for IT is 53 (or 0x35).

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Operation

I/O support

Although samples may be taken every millisecond, IR*IT should be at least 20 milliseconds. This

allows time for OTA transmission and output on the serial port of the receiving module.

Destination node

On the destination node, the IU parameter enables the serial port to output I/O samples it receives. IU

is set to 1 by default. If IU is set and the destination node is not in Command mode, it displays

samples it receives on its serial port in API format. The AP parameter is ignored in this case.

Data format

The I/O sample is formatted as follows:

IT Mask Samples

1 byte 2 bytes 2 * number of samples

The IT field is described above.

The Mask is a bit field formatted as follows:

Reserved

A3 - A0

D8 - D0

3 bits

4 analog bits 9 digital bits

If you set any of the digital bits, then a digital sample follows the Mask.

For every analog bit that is set, there is a 10-bit sample using two bytes where A0 is included first and

A3 is included last.

The number of samples indicated by the mask is repeated IT times. The mask is not repeated.

The sending node sends I/O samples to the address specified by DH/DL. The receiving node displays

the samples as described above, providing API mode is enabled, the node is not in Command mode,

and the IU parameter is 1 (IU is 1 by default). If any of these are false, the I/O sample is discarded

without being displayed.

Change Detect I/O sampling

When you use the IC (DIO Change Detect) command to enable DIO Change Detect, DIO lines 0 - 7 are

monitored. When a change is detected on a DIO line, the following occurs:

1. This packet does not contain DIO8 and does not contain any analog samples. However, it does

contain a digital reading of the D0 - D7 pins configured for input or output, whether or not all

those bits are set in IC.

2. Any queued samples are transmitted before the change detect data. This may result in

receiving a packet with less than IT (Samples before TX) samples.

Change detect does not affect Pin Sleep wake-up. The D8 pin (DI8/SLEEP_RQ/DTR ) is the only line

that wakes a device from Pin Sleep. If not all samples are collected, the device still enters Sleep mode

after a change detect packet is sent.

Change detect is only supported when the Dx (DIOx Configuration) parameter equals 3, 4 or 5.

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Operation

I/O support

Wakeup I/O sampling

Bit 2 of the SO parameter specifies whether or not the device automatically samples the ADC/DIO lines

on wakeup. On the receiving side the I/O sample may go to the I/O pins, the serial port, both, or

neither based on the settings of the IA (I/O Input Address) and IU (I/O Output Enable) parameters.

For more information, see SO (Sleep Options), IA (I/O Input Address), and IU (I/O Output Enable).

Sample rate (interval)

The Sample Rate (Interval) feature allows enabled ADC and DIO pins to be read periodically on devices

that are not configured to operate in Sleep Mode. When one of the Sleep Modes is enabled and the IR

(Sample Rate) parameter is set, the device stays awake until IT (Samples before TX) samples have

been collected.

Once a particular pin is enabled, the appropriate sample rate must be chosen. The maximum sample

rate that can be achieved while using one A/D line is 1 sample/ms or 1 kHz. The device cannot keep up

with transmission when IR and IT are equal to 1 and we do not recommend configuring the device to

sample at rates greater than once every 20 ms.

I/O line passing

You can configure XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules to perform analog and digital line passing.

When a device receives an RF I/O sample data packet, you can set up the receiving device to update

any enabled outputs (PWM and DIO) based on the data it receives.

Digital I/O lines are mapped in pairs; pins configured as digital input on the transmitting device affect

the corresponding digital output pin on the receiving device. For example: DI5 (pin 25) can only

update DO5 (pin 25).

No I/O line passing occurs if the receiving device does not have the corresponding pins set for output.

For Analog Line Passing, the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module has two PWM output pins that

simulate the voltage measured by the ADC lines AD0 and AD1. For example, when configured as an

ADC, AD0 (pin 33) updates PWM0 (pin 7); AD1 (pin 32) updates PWM1 (pin 8).

The default setup is for outputs to not be updated. Instead, a device sends I/O sample data out the

serial interface in API mode, even if the destination node is not configured for API mode. You can use

the IU command to disable sample data output.

To enable updating the outputs, set the IA (I/O Input Address) parameter with the address of the

device that has the appropriate inputs enabled. This effectively binds the outputs to a particular

device’s input. This does not affect the ability of the device to receive I/O line data from other devices

- only its ability to update enabled outputs. Set the IA parameter to 0xFFFF (broadcast address) to set

up the device to accept I/O data for output changes from any device on the network.

For line passing to function, the device configured with inputs must generate sample data.

When outputs are changed from their configured state, the device can be setup to return the output

level to its configured state after a timer expires. The timers are set using the Tn (Dn Output Timer)

and PT (PWM Output Timeout) commands. The timers are reset every time the device receives a valid

I/O sample packet with a matching IA address. You can adjust the IT (Samples before TX) and IR

(Sample Rate) parameters on the transmitting device to keep the outputs set to their active output if

the system needs more time than the timers can handle. Alternatively, the timers can be set to 0xFF,

which prevents them from expiring (in other words, the outputs remain in the state specified by the

input device indefinitely).

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Operation

Sleep support

I/O line passing details

The same message is received for both I/O sampling and for I/O line passing. But I/O line passing only

occurs if IA matches the short or long address of the sending node or if IA is 0xFFFF to match a sample

from any node. The default value of IA is 0xFFFFFFFF, which prevents I/O line passing from occurring

on the node because no node has that address. Additionally, the receiving device must have a

matching value for output. For example, if an ADC0 sample is received, then P0 must be configured

with 2 for PWM output. Otherwise, the analog signal will not be reflected with a matching PWM signal.

Likewise, if the sample indicates that D2 is high, but D2 is not set to 4 or 5 on the receiving device,

then the D2 pin will not be affected by I/O line passing.

When a digital output pin is set to something different than its configured value, that pin may return

to its configured value after the time specified for the corresponding timer. T0 specifies how long D0

will hold its non-configured value and T1 specifies how long D1 will hold its non-configured value. A

value of 0xFF indicates that a pin holds the value of the input of the corresponding device indefinitely

and a value less than 0xFF specifies how many tenth second units the pin holds the non-configured

value.

For PWM outputs, PT timer applies to both PWM0 and PWM1. A value of 0xFF allows the PWM pin to

output a duty cycle reflective of the analog input indefinitely and a smaller value indicates how many

10th second units before PWM output reverts to the duty cycle specified by M0 or M1.

Output control

The IO (Digital Output Level) command controls the output levels of D0 through D7 that are

configured as output pins (either 4 or 5). These values override the configured output levels of the

pins until they are changed again (the pins do not automatically revert to their configured values after

a timeout.) You can use the IO command to trigger a sample on change detect.

Sleep support

Set SO (Sleep Options) bit 1 to suppress automatic wake-up sampling.

When a device wakes, it always performs a sample based on any active ADC or DIO lines. This allows

sampling based on the sleep cycle whether it be Cyclic Sleep (SM = 4 or 5) or Pin Sleep (SM = 1). Set

the IR (Sample Rate) parameter to gather more samples when awake.

For Cyclic Sleep modes: If the IR parameter is set, the device stays awake until the IT (Samples before

TX) parameter is met. The device stays awake for ST (Time before Sleep).

Sleep modes

Sleep modes enable the device to enter states of low-power consumption when not in use. In order to

enter Sleep mode, one of the following conditions must be met (in addition to the device having a

non-zero SM parameter value):

n

SLEEP_RQ/DTR (pin 9 on through-hole devices, pin 10 on surface-mount devices) is asserted

and the device is in a pin sleep mode (SM = 1, or 5)

n

The device is idle (no data transmission or reception) for the amount of time defined by the ST

(Time before Sleep) parameter.

Note ST is only active when SM = 4 or 5.

The following table shows the sleep mode configurations.

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Operation

Sleep support

Sleep mode

Description

SM 0

SM 1

SM 4

SM 5

No sleep

Pin sleep

Cyclic sleep

Cyclic sleep with pin wake-up

Pin Sleep mode (SM = 1)

Pin Sleep mode minimizes quiescent power (power consumed when in a state of rest or inactivity).

This mode is voltage level-activated; when Sleep_RQ (pin 9 for through-hole, pin 10 for surface-

mount) is asserted, the device finishes any transmit, receive or association activities, enters Idle mode,

and then enters a state of sleep. The device does not respond to either serial or RF activity while in pin

sleep.

To wake a sleeping device operating in Pin Sleep mode, de-assert Sleep_RQ. The device wakes when

Sleep_RQ is de-asserted and is ready to transmit or receive when the CTS line is low. When waking the

device, the pin must be de-asserted at least two 'byte times' after CTS goes low. This assures that

there is time for the data to enter the DI buffer.

Cyclic Sleep mode (SM = 4)

The Cyclic Sleep modes allow devices to periodically check for RF data. When the SM parameter is set

to 4, the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module is configured to sleep, then wakes once per cycle to

check for data from a coordinator. The Cyclic Sleep Remote sends a poll request to the coordinator at

a specific interval set by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter. The coordinator transmits any

queued data addressed to that specific remote upon receiving the poll request.

ON_SLEEP goes high and CTS goes low each time the remote wakes, allowing for communication

initiated by the remote host if desired.

Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake-up mode (SM = 5)

Use this mode to wake a sleeping remote device through either the RF interface or by de-asserting

SLEEP_RQ for event-driven communications. The cyclic sleep mode works as described previously

with the addition of a pin-controlled wake-up at the remote device. The SLEEP_RQ pin is level-

triggered. The device wakes when a low is detected then set CTS low as soon as it is ready to transmit

or receive.

Any activity resets the ST (Time before Sleep) timer, so the device goes back to sleep only after there

is no activity for the duration of the timer. Once the device wakes (pin-controlled), it ignores further

pin activity. The device transitions back into sleep according to the ST time regardless of the state of

the pin.

Sleep parameters

The following AT commands are associated with the sleep modes. See the linked commands for the

parameter's description, range and default values.

n

SM (Sleep Mode)

n

SO (Sleep Options)

n

A1 (End Device Association)

n

ST (Time before Sleep)

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Operation

Sleep support

n

SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)

DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period)

Sleep current

The following table shows the sleep current during the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module sleep

modes.

Sleep mode

Sleep current

<1 µA @ 25ºC

SM command setting

Pin sleep

1

4

5

Cyclic sleep

Cyclic sleep with pin wake-up

You can make devices use low sleep current by driving PWM outputs high during sleep and by using

internal pull-ups/pull-downs on disabled/unused pins. The sleep pins are set up for sleeping as

specified in Sleep pins. Additionally, pins that are outputs (other than PWM outputs) continue to

output the same levels during sleep. Normally, this means that pins configured for output high or low

will output high or low accordingly. However, if the output is overridden by I/O line passing, then the

overridden output level is maintained during the sleep time.

Sleep pins

The following table describes the three external device pins associated with sleep. For more details

about the pins, see Pin signals.

number

Pin name

Description

SLEEP_RQ TH pin

For SM = 1, high puts the device to sleep and low wakes it up. For SM = 5,

9/SMT pin a high to low transition wakes the device up for ST time. The device

10

ignores a low to high transition in SM = 5.

CTS

TH pin

12/SMT

pin 25

If D7 = 1, high indicates that the device is asleep and low indicates that it

is awake and ready to receive serial data.

ON_SLEEP TH pin

13/SMT

Low indicates that the device is asleep and high indicates that it is awake

and ready to receive serial data. For the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Module, this pin cannot be configured to anything different.

pin 26

Direct and indirect transmission

There are two methods to transmit data:

n

Direct transmission: data is transmitted immediately to the Destination Address

n

Indirect transmission: a packet is retained for a period of time and is only transmitted after the

destination device (source address = destination address) requests the data.

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Operation

Node discovery

Indirect transmissions can only occur on a Coordinator. Thus, if all nodes in a network are End

Devices, only direct transmissions occurs. Indirect transmissions are useful to ensure packet delivery

to a sleeping node. The Coordinator currently is able to retain up to five two indirect messages.

Direct transmission

A Coordinator can be configured to use only direct transmission by setting the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)

parameter to 0. Also, a Coordinator using indirect transmissions reverts to direct transmission if it

knows the destination device is awake.

To enable this behavior, the ST (Time before Sleep) value of the Coordinator must be set to match the

ST value of the End Device. Once the End Device either transmits data to the Coordinator or polls the

Coordinator for data, the Coordinator uses direct transmission for all subsequent data transmissions

to that device address until ST time occurs with no activity (at which point it reverts to using indirect

transmissions for that device address). "No activity" means no transmission or reception of messages

with a specific address. Broadcast messages do not reset the ST timer.

Indirect transmission

To configure Indirect Transmissions in a Personal Area Network (PAN), the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)

parameter value on the Coordinator must be set to match the longest sleep value of any End Device.

The sleep period value on the Coordinator determines how long (time or number of beacons) the

Coordinator retains an indirect message before discarding it.

An End Device must poll the Coordinator once it wakes from Sleep to determine if the Coordinator has

an indirect message for it. For Cyclic Sleep Modes, this is done automatically every time the device

wakes (after SP time). For Pin Sleep Modes, the A1 (End Device Association) parameter value must be

set to enable Coordinator polling on pin wake-up (set in bit 3). Alternatively, an End Device can use

the FP (Force Poll) command to poll the Coordinator as needed.

Acknowledgment

If the transmission is not a broadcast message, the device expects to receive an acknowledgment

from the destination node. If an acknowledgment is not received, the packet is resent up to three

more times. If the acknowledgment is not received after all transmissions, an ACK failure is recorded.

Node discovery

Node discovery has three variations as shown in the following table:

Commands

Syntax

ND

Description

Node Discovery

Seeks to discover all nodes in the network (on the current PAN

ID).

ND <NI

String>

Directed Node

Discovery

Seeks to discover if a particular node named <NI String> is found

in the network.

DN

<NI

String>

Sets DH/DL to point to the MAC address of the node whose <NI

String> matches.

Destination Node

Node discovery

The node discovery command (without an NI string designated) sends out a broadcast to every node

in the PAN ID. Each node in the PAN sends a response back to the requesting node.

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Operation

Node discovery

When the node discovery command is issued in AT command mode, all other AT commands are

inhibited until the node discovery command times out, as specified by the NT parameter. After the

timeout, an extra CRLF is output to the terminal window, indicating that new AT commands can be

entered. This is the behavior whether or not there were any nodes that responded to the broadcast.

When the node discovery command is issued in API mode, the behavior is the same except that the

response is output in API mode. If no nodes respond, there will be no responses at all to the node

discover command. The requesting node is not able to process a new AT command until NT times out.

Node discovery in compatibility mode

Node discovery (without an NI string parameter) in compatibility mode operates the same in

compatibility mode as it does outside of compatibility mode with one minor exception:

If C8 bit 1 is set and if requesting node is operating in API mode and if no responses are received by

the time NT times out, then an API AT command response of OK (API frame type 0x88) is sent out the

serial port rather than giving no response at all, which would happen if C8 bit 1 is not set.

Directed node discovery

The directed node discovery command (ND with an NI string parameter) sends out a broadcast to find

a node in the network with a matching NI string. If such a node exists, it sends a response with its

information back to the requesting node.

In Transparent mode, the requesting node will output an extra CRLF following the response from the

designated node and the command will terminate, being ready to accept a new AT command. In the

event that the requested node does not exist or is too slow to respond, the requesting node outputs

an ERROR response after NT expires.

In API mode, the response from the requesting node will be output in API mode and the command will

terminate immediately. If no response comes from the requested node, the requesting node outputs

an error response in API mode after NT expires.

Directed node discovery in compatibility mode

The behavior of the Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware) varies with the default behavior described

above for the directed node discovery command. The Legacy module does not complete the

command until NT expires, even if the requested node responds immediately. After NT expires, it

gives a successful response, even if the requested node did not respond. To enable this behavior to be

equivalent to the Legacy 802.15.4 module, set bit 1 of the C8 parameter.

Destination Node

The Destination Node command (DN with an NI string parameter) sends out a broadcast containing

the NI string being requested. The responding node with a matching NI string sends its information

back to the requesting node. The local node then sets DH/DL to match the address of the responding

node. As soon as this response occurs, the command terminates successfully. If operating in AT

command mode, an OK string is output and command mode exits. In API mode another AT command

may be entered.

If an NI string parameter is not provided, the DN command terminates immediately with an error. If a

node with the given NI string doesn't respond, the DN command terminates with an error after NT

times out.

Unlike ND (with or without an NI string), DN does not cause the information from the responding

node to be output; rather it simply sets DH/DL to the address of the responding node. If the

responding node has a short address, then DH/DL is set to that short address (with DH at 0 and the

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Operation

Remote configuration commands

ms 16 bits of DL at 0). If the responding node has a long address (MY is FFFE), then DH/DL are set to

the SH/SL of the responding node.

Remote configuration commands

The API firmware has provisions to send configuration commands to remote devices using the Remote

AT Command Request frame (0x17); see Remote AT Command Request - 0x17. You can use this frame

to send commands to a remote device to read or set command parameters.

CAUTION! It is important to set the short address to 0xFFFE when sending to a long address.

Any other value causes the long address to be ignored. This is particularly problematic in the

case where nodes are set up with default addresses of 0 and the 16-bit address is erroneously

left at 0. In that case, even with a correct long address the remote command goes out to all

devices with the default short address of 0, potentially resulting in harmful consequences,

depending on the command.

Send a remote command

To send a remote command populate the Remote AT Command Request frame (0x17) with:

1. The 64-bit address and of the remote device.

2. The correct command options value.

3. The command and parameter data (optional). If and only if all nodes in the PAN have unique

short addresses, then remote configuration commands can be sent to 16-bit short addresses

by setting the short address in the API frame for Remote AT commands. In that case, the 64-bit

address is unused and does not matter.

Apply changes on remote devices

Any changes you make to the configuration command registers using AT commands do not take effect

until you apply the changes. For example, if you send the BD command to change the baud rate, the

actual baud rate does not change until you apply the changes. To apply changes:

1. Set the Apply Changes option bit in the Remote AT Command Request frame (0x17).

2. Issue an AC (Apply Changes) command to the remote device.

3. Issue a WR + FR command to the remote device to save changes and reset the device.

Remote command responses

If the remote device receives a remote command request transmission, and the API frame ID is non-

zero, the remote sends a remote command response transmission back to the device that sent the

remote command. When a remote command response transmission is received, a device sends a

remote command response API frame out its serial port. The remote command response indicates the

status of the command (success, or reason for failure), and in the case of a command query, it

includes the register value. The device that sends a remote command will not receive a remote

command response frame if either of the following conditions exist:

n

The destination device could not be reached.

n

The frame ID in the remote command request is set to 0.

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RF interfacing commands

Sleep commands

83

85

Serial interfacing commands

I/O settings commands

I/O line passing commands

Diagnostic commands

87

90

101

104

106

Command mode options

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The following commands are special commands.

WR (Write)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Writes parameter values to non-volatile memory so that parameter modifications persist through

subsequent resets.

Writing parameters to non-volatile memory does not apply the changes immediately. However, since

the device uses non-volatile memory to determine initial configuration following reset, the written

parameters are applied following a reset.

Note Once you issue a WR command, do not send any additional characters to the device until after

you receive the OK response.

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

RE (Restore Defaults)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Restore device parameters to factory defaults. Does not exit out of Command mode.

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

FR (Software Reset)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Resets the device. The device responds immediately with an OK and performs a reset 100 ms later.

If you issue FR while the device is in Command Mode, the reset effectively exits Command mode.

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

Networking and security commands

The following AT commands are networking and security commands.

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C8 (802.15.4 Compatibility)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the operational compatibility with the Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware).

Parameter range

0 - 3

Bit field:

Bit

Meaning

Setting

Description

1

Transmissions are optimized as follows:

0

TX

0

compatibility

1. Maximum transmission size is affected by multiple factors

(MM, MY, DH, DL, and EE). See Maximum payload rules. In

the best case, with no app header, short source and

destination addresses, and no encryption, the maximum

transmission size is 116 bytes.

2. Multiple messages can be present simultaneously on the

active queue, providing they are all destined for different

addresses. This improves performance.

Transmissions operate like the Legacy 802.15.4 module, which

means the following:

1

1. Maximum transmission size is 95 bytes for encrypted

packets and 100 bytes for un-encrypted packets. These

maximum transmission sizes are not adjusted upward for

short addresses or for lack of an APP header.

2. Only one transmission message can be active at a time,

even if other messages in the queue would go to a

different destination address.

1

This bit does not normally need to be set. However, when the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module is

streaming broadcasts in transparent mode to a Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware), and RR > 0, then this bit

does need to be set to avoid a watchdog reset on the Legacy 802.15.4 module.

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Bit

Meaning

Setting

Description

Node discovery operates like other XBee devices and not like the

Legacy 802.15.4 module. This means the following:

1

Node

Discovery

compatibility

0

1. A directed ND request terminates after the single

response arrives. This allows the device to process other

commands without waiting for the NT to time out.

2. The device outputs an error response to the directed ND

request if no response occurs within the time out.

The module operates like the Legacy 802.15.4 module, which has

the following effect:

1

1. When the expected response arrives, the command

remains active until NT times out. (NT defaults to 2.5

seconds.) This prevents the device from processing any

other AT command, even if the desired response occurs

immediately.

2. When the timeout occurs, the command silently

terminates and indicates success, whether or not a

response occurred within the NT timeout.

Default

0

CH (Operating Channel)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the operating channel devices used to transmit and receive data. The channel is one of

three addressing configurations available to the device. The other configurations are the PAN ID (ID

command) and destination addresses (DL and DH commands).

In order for devices to communicate with each other, they must share the same channel number. A

network can use different channels to prevent devices in one network from listening to the

transmissions of another. Adjacent channel rejection is 23 dB.

The command uses 802.15.4 channel numbers. Center frequency = 2405 MHz + (CH - 11 decimal) * 5

MHz.

Parameter range

0xB - 0x1A (XBee)

0x0C - 0x17 (XBee-PRO)

Default

0xC (12 decimal)

ID (Network ID)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the user network identifier.

Devices must have the same network identifier to communicate with each other.

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Devices can only communicate with other devices that have the same network identifier and channel

configured.

Setting the ID parameter to 0xFFFF indicates a global transmission for all PANs. It does not indicate a

global receive.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF

Default

0x3332 (13106 decimal)

DH (Destination Address High)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the upper 32 bits of the 64-bit destination address. When you combine DH with DL, it

defines the destination address that the device uses for transmissions in Transparent mode.

The destination address is also used for I/O sampling in both Transparent and API modes.

To transmit using a 16-bit address, set DH to 0 and DL less than 0xFFFF.

0x000000000000FFFF is the broadcast address. It is also used as the polling address when the device

functions as end device.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFFFFFF

Default

0

DL (Destination Address Low)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or display the lower 32 bits of the 64-bit destination address. When you combine DH with DL, it

defines the destination address that the device uses for transmissions in Transparent mode.

The destination address is also used for I/O sampling in both Transparent and API modes.

0x000000000000FFFF is the broadcast address. It is also used as the polling address when the device

functions as end device.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFFFFFF

Default

0

MY (Source Address)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the device's 16-bit source address. Set MY = 0xFFFF to disable reception of packets

with 16-bit addresses. Regardless of MY, messages addressed to the 64-bit long address of the device

are always delivered.

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Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF

Default

0

SH (Serial Number High)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Displays the upper 32 bits of the unique IEEE 64-bit extended address assigned to the product family

in the factory.

The 64-bit source address is always enabled. This value is read-only and it never changes.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFFFFFF [read-only]

Default

Set in the factory

SL (Serial Number Low)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Displays the lower 32 bits of the unique IEEE 64-bit RF extended address assigned to the product

family in the factory.

The device's serial number is set at the factory and is read-only.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFFFFFF [read-only]

Default

Set in the factory

MM (MAC Mode)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The MM command is used to set and read the MAC Mode value. The MM command disables/enables

the use of a Digi header contained in the 802.15.4 RF packet. By default (MM = 0), Digi Mode is enabled

and the module adds an extra header to the data portion of the 802.15.4 packet. This enables the

following features:

n

ND and DN command support

n

Duplicate packet detection when using ACKs

n

Remote command support

n

RR command

n

DIO/AIO sampling support

n

OTA firmware updates

The MM command allows users to turn off the use of the extra header. Modes 1 and 2 are strict

802.15.4 modes. If the Digi header is disabled, the features above are also disabled.

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When MM = 1 or 3, MAC retries are not supported.

When the Digi header is disabled, encrypted data that is not valid will be sent out of the UART and not

filtered out.

Parameter range

0 - 3

Parameter

Configuration

0

1

2

3

Digi Mode (802.15.4 + Digi header)

802.15.4 (no ACKs)

802.15.4 (with ACKs)

Digi Mode (no ACKs)

Default

0

RR (XBee Retries)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or reads the maximum number of retries the device executes in addition to the three retries

provided by the 802.15.4 MAC. For each device retry, the 802.15.4 MAC can execute up to three retries.

The following applies for broadcast messages: If RR = 0, only one packet is broadcast. If RR is > 0, RR

+ 2 packets are sent on each broadcast. No acknowledgments are returned on a broadcast.

This value does not need to be set on all devices for retries to work. If retries are enabled, the

transmitting device sets a bit in the Digi RF Packet header that requests the receiving device to send

an ACK. If the transmitting device does not receive an ACK within 200 ms, it re-sends the packet within

a random period up to 48 ms. Each device retry can potentially result in the MAC sending the packet

four times (one try plus three retries). Retries are not attempted for indirect messages that are purged.

Parameter range

0 - 6

Default

0

RN (Random Delay Slots)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the minimum value of the back-off exponent in the CSMA-CA algorithm. The Carrier

Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) algorithm was engineered for collision

avoidance(random delays are inserted to prevent data loss caused by data collisions.

If RN = 0, there is no delay between a request to transmit and the first iteration of CSMA-CA.

Unlike CSMA-CD, which reacts to network transmissions after collisions have been detected, CSMA-CA

acts to prevent data collisions before they occur. As soon as a device receives a packet that is to be

transmitted, it checks if the channel is clear (no other device is transmitting). If the channel is clear,

the packet is sent over-the-air. If the channel is not clear, the device waits for a randomly selected

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period of time, then checks again to see if the channel is clear. After a time, the process ends and the

data is lost.

Parameter range

0 - 3 (exponent)

Default

0

ND (Network Discovery)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Discovers and reports all devices found in the network. For each discovered device, the following

information is returned after a jittered time delay:

Node discover response when issued in Command mode:

MY<CR> (2 bytes) (always 0xFFFE)

SH<CR> (4 bytes)

SL<CR> (4 bytes)

DB<CR> (Contains the detected signal strength of the response in negative dBm units)

NI <CR> (variable, 0-20 bytes plus 0x00 character)

PARENT_NETWORK ADDRESS<CR> (2 bytes)

DEVICE_TYPE<CR> (1 byte: 0 = Coordinator, 1 = Router, 2 = End Device)

STATUS<CR> (1 byte: reserved)

PROFILE_ID<CR> (2 bytes)

MANUFACTURER_ID<CR> (2 bytes)

DIGI DEVICE TYPE<CR> (4 bytes. Optionally included based on NO settings.)

RSSI OF LAST HOP<CR> (1 byte. Optionally included based on NO settings.)

A second carriage return will indicate the network discovery timeout (NT) has expired.

When operating in API mode and a Network Discovery is issued as a 0x08 or 0x09 frame, the response

will contain binary data except for the NI string in the following format:

2 bytes for Short Source Address

4 bytes for Upper Long Address

4 bytes for Lower Long Address

1 byte for the signal strength in -dBm (two's compliment representation)

NULL-terminated string for NI (Node Identifier) value (maximum 20 bytes without NULL

terminator)

Each device that responds to the request will generate a separate Local AT Command Response -

0x88.

Broadcast an ND command to the network. If the command includes an optional node identifier string

parameter, only those devices with a matching NI string respond without a random offset delay. If the

command does not include a node identifier string parameter, all devices respond with a random

offset delay.

The NT setting determines the maximum timeout (13 seconds by default), this value is sent along with

the discovery broadcast and determines the random delay the remote nodes use to prevent the

responses from colliding.

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For more information about options that affect the behavior of the ND command Refer to the

description of the NO command for options which affect the behavior of the ND command.

WARNING! If the NT setting is small relative to the number of devices on the network,

responses may be lost due to channel congestion. Regardless of the NT setting, because

the random offset only mitigates transmission collisions, getting responses from all devices

in the network is not guaranteed.

Parameter range

20-byte printable ASCII string

Default

N/A

NT (Node Discover Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets the amount of time a base node waits for responses from other nodes when using the ND (Node

Discover) command. The NT value is transmitted with the ND command.

Remote nodes set up a random hold-off time based on this time. Once the ND command has ended,

the base discards any response it receives.

Parameter range

0x1 - 0xFC (x 100 ms)

Default

0x19 (2.5 decimal seconds)

NO (Node Discovery Options)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Use NO to suppress or include a self-response to ND (Node Discover) commands. When NO bit 1 = 1, a

device performing a Node Discover includes a response entry for itself.

Parameter range

0 - 1

Default

0x0

DN (Discover Node)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Resolves an NI (Node identifier) string to a physical address (case sensitive).

The following events occur after DN discovers the destination node:

When DN is sent in Command mode :

1. The device sets DL and DH to the address of the device with the matching NI string.

The address selected (either 16-bit short address or 64-bit extended address) is chosen based

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on the destination device's MY command configuration.

2. The receiving device returns OK (or ERROR).

3. The device exits Command mode to allow for immediate communication. If an ERROR is

received, then Command mode does not exit.

When DN is sent as a local AT Command API frame:

1. The receiving device returns the 16-bit network and 64-bit extended addresses in an API

Command Response frame.

2. If there is no response from a module within (NT* 100) milliseconds or you do not specify a

parameter (by leaving it blank), the receiving device returns an ERROR message. In the case of

an ERROR, the device does not exit command mode. Set the radius of the DN command using

the BH command.

When DN is sent as a local Local AT Command Request - 0x08:

1. The receiving device returns a success response in a Local AT Command Response - 0x88.

2. If there is no response from a module within (NT * 100) milliseconds or you do not specify a

parameter (by leaving it blank), the receiving device returns an ERROR message.

Parameter range

20-byte ASCII string

Default

N/A

CE (Coordinator Enable)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The routing and messaging mode of the device.

Parameter range

0 - 1

Parameter

Description

End Device

Coordinator

0

1

Default

0

SC (Scan Channels)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the list of channels to scan for all Active and Energy Scans as a bit field. This affects

scans initiated in the AS (Active Scan) and ED (Energy Scan) commands in Command mode and

during End Device Association and Coordinator startup.

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Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF (bit field)

Bit field mask:

Bit

0

Parameter

0x0B (not available on XBee-PRO)

1

0x0C

2

0x0D

3

0x0E

4

0x0F

5

0x10

6

0x11

7

0x12

8

0x13

9

0x14

10

11

12

13

14

15

0x15

0x16

0x17

0x18 (not available on XBee-PRO)

0x19 (not available on XBee-PRO)

0x1A (not available on XBee-PRO)

Default

0x1FFE

SD (Scan Duration)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the scan duration exponent.

Coordinator: If you set the ReassignPANID option on the coordinator (refer to A2 (Coordinator

Association)), SD determines the length of time the coordinator scans channels to locate existing

PANs. If you set the ReassignChannel option, SD determines how long the coordinator performs an

Energy Scan to determine which channel it will operate on.

End Device: Duration of Active Scan during Association. In a Beacon system, set SD=BE of the

coordinator. SD must be set at least to the highest BE parameter of any Beaconing Coordinator with

which an end device or coordinator wants to discover.

Scan Time is measured as:

([# of channels to scan] * (2 ^SD) * 15.36 ms) + (38 ms * [# of channels to scan]) + 20 ms

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Use the SC (Scan Channels) command to set the number of channels to scan. The XBee can scan up to

16 channels (SC = 0xFFFF). The XBee-PRO can scan up to 13 channels (SC= 0x1FFE).

SD influences the time the MAC listens for beacons or runs an energy scan on a given channel.

Example

The following table shows the results for a thirteen channel scan.

SD setting

Time

0

0.18 s

2

0.74 s

4

2.95 s

6

11.80 s

47.19 s

3.15 min

12.58 min

50.33 min

8

10

12

14

Parameter range

0 - 0x0F (exponent)

Default

4

A1 (End Device Association)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the End Device association options.

Parameter range

0 - 0x0F (bit field)

Bit field:

Bit

Meaning

Setting

Description

0

Allow PanId

reassignment

0

Only associates with Coordinator operating on PAN ID

that matches device ID.

1

0

May associate with Coordinator operating on any PAN ID.

Only associates with Coordinator operating on matching

CH channel setting.

1

Allow Channel

reassignment

1

May associate with Coordinator operating on any channel.

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Bit

Meaning

Setting

Description

Auto Associate

2

0

1

0

Device will not attempt association.

Device attempts association until success.

3

Poll coordinator on

pin wake

Pin Wake does not poll the Coordinator for indirect

(pending) data.

1

Pin Wake sends Poll Request to Coordinator to extract

any pending data.

4 - 7 Reserved

Default

0

A2 (Coordinator Association)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the Coordinator association options.

Parameter range

0 - 7 (bit field)

Bit field:

Bit

Meaning

Setting

Description

0

Allow Pan ID

reassignment

0

Coordinator will not perform Active Scan to locate available PAN

ID. It operates on ID (PAN ID).

Coordinator performs an Active Scan to determine an available

ID (PAN ID). If a PAN ID conflict is found, the ID parameter will

change.

1

0

1

Coordinator will not perform Energy Scan to determine free

channel. It operates on the channel determined by the CH

parameter.

1

2

Allow Channel

reassignment

Coordinator performs an Energy Scan to find the quietest

channel, then operates on that channel.

Allow

Association

0

1

Coordinator will not allow any devices to associate to it.

Coordinator allows devices to associate to it.

3 - 7 Reserved

The binary equivalent of the default value (0x06) is 00000110. ‘Bit 0’ is the last digit of the sequence.

Default

0

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AI (Association Indication)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Reads the Association status code to monitor association progress. The following table provides the

status codes and their meanings.

Status

code

Meaning

0x00

Coordinator successfully started, End device successfully associated, or operating in peer

to peer mode where no association is needed.

0x03

0x04

Active Scan found a PAN coordinator, but it isn't currently accepting associations.

Active Scan found a PAN coordinator in a beacon-enabled network, which is not a

supported feature.

Active Scan found a PAN, but the PAN ID doesn't match the configured PAN ID on the

requesting end device and bit 0 of A1 is not set to allow reassignment of PAN ID.

0x05

0x06

Active Scan found a PAN on a channel that does not match the configured channel on the

requesting end device and bit 1 of A1 is not set to allow reassignment of the channel.

0x0C

0x13

0xFF

Association request failed to get a response.

End device is disassociated or is in the process of disassociating.

Initialization time; no association status has been determined yet.

Parameter range

0 - 0x13 [read-only]

Default

N/A

DA (Force Disassociation)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Causes the End Device to immediately disassociate from a Coordinator (if associated) and re-attempt

to associate.

Parameter range

-

Default

-

FP (Force Poll)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The FP command is deferred until changes are applied. This prevents indirect messages from arriving

at the end device while it is operating in Command mode.

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Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

AS (Active Scan)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sends a Beacon Request to a Broadcast address (0xFFFF) and Broadcast PAN (0xFFFF) on every

channel in SC. SD determines the amount of time the device listens for Beacons on each channel. A

PanDescriptor is created and returned for every Beacon received from the scan. Each PanDescriptor

contains the following information:

CoordAddress (SH + SL parameters)<CR>

Note If MY on the coordinator is set less than 0xFFFF, the MY value is displayed.

CoordPanID (ID parameter)<CR>

CoordAddrMode <CR>

0x02 = 16-bit Short Address

0x03 = 64-bit Long Address

Channel (CH parameter) <CR>

SecurityUse<CR> - will always report 0x00

ACLEntry<CR> - will always report 0x00

SecurityFailure<CR> - will always report 0x00

SuperFrameSpec<CR> (2 bytes):

bit 15 - Association Permitted (MSB) - depending on bit 3 of A2 (Coordinator Association)

bit 14 - PAN Coordinator

bit 13 - Reserved

bit 12 - Battery Life Extension

bits 8-11 - Final CAP Slot

bits 4-7 - Superframe Order

bits 0-3 - Beacon Order

GtsPermit<CR>

RSSI<CR> (- RSSI is returned as -dBm)

TimeStamp<CR> (3 bytes)

<CR> (A carriage return <CR> is sent at the end of the AS command)

The Active Scan is capable of returning up to five PanDescriptors in a scan. The actual scan time on

each channel is measured as:

Time = [(2 ^ (SD Parameter)) * 15.36] ms.

Total scan time is this time multiplied by the number of channels to be scanned (as determined by the

SC parameter).

Refer to the scan table in SD (Scan Duration) to determine scan times. If using API Mode, no <CR>’s are

returned in the response. For more information, see Operate in API mode. If no PANs are discovered

during the scan, only one carriage return is printed.

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Parameter range

0 - 6

Default

N/A

ED (Energy Detect)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Starts an energy detect scan. This command accepts an argument to specify the time in milliseconds

to scan all channels. The device loops through all the available channels until the time elapses. It

returns the maximal energy on each channel, a comma follows each value, and the list ends with a

carriage return. The values returned reflect the energy level that ED detects in -dBm units.

Parameter range

0 - 6

Default

N/A

EE (Encryption Enable)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Enables or disables Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption.

Set this command parameter the same on all devices in a network.

The firmware uses the 802.15.4 Default Security protocol and uses AES encryption with a 128-bit key.

AES encryption dictates that all devices in the network use the same key, and that the maximum RF

packet size is 95 bytes if Tx compatibility is enabled (you set bit 0 of C8). If C8, bit 0 is not set, see

Maximum payload.

When encryption is enabled, the device always uses its 64-bit long address as the source address for

RF packets. This does not affect how the MY (Source Address), DH (Destination Address High) and DL

(Destination Address Low) parameters work.

If MM (MAC Mode) is set to 1 or 2 and AP (API Enable) parameter > 0:

With encryption enabled and a 16-bit short address set, receiving devices can only issue RX

(Receive) 64-bit indicators. This is not an issue when MM = 0 or 3.

If a device with a non-matching key detects RF data, but has an incorrect key:

When encryption is enabled, non-encrypted RF packets received are rejected and are not sent out the

UART.

Parameter range

0 - 1

Parameter

Description

0

1

Encryption Disabled

Encryption Enabled

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Default

0

KY (AES Encryption Key)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets the 128-bit network security key value that the device uses for encryption and decryption.

This command is write-only. If you attempt to read KY, the device returns an OK status.

Set this command parameter the same on all devices in a network.

The entire payload of the packet is encrypted using the key and the CRC is computed across the

ciphertext.

Parameter range

128-bit value (up to 16 bytes)

Default

0

NI (Node Identifier)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Stores the node identifier string for a device, which is a user-defined name or description of the

device. This can be up to 20 ASCII characters.

n

XCTU prevents you from exceeding the string limit of 20 characters for this command. If you

are using another software application to send the string, you can enter longer strings, but the

software on the device returns an error.

Use the ND (Network Discovery) command with this string as an argument to easily identify devices on

the network.

The DN command also uses this identifier.

Parameter range

A string of case-sensitive ASCII printable characters from 1 to 20 bytes in length. The string cannot

start with the space character. A carriage return or a comma automatically ends the command.

Default

0x20 (an ASCII space character)

NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Reads the maximum number of RF payload bytes that you can send in a transmission.

NP is based on multiple factors including the length of the source address, the length of the

destination address, the length of the APP header, and whether or not encryption is enabled.

For the purposes of this command, it always assumes a long destination address. This means that if

you select a short destination address, you will be able to send up to NP + 6 bytes in a single packet.

Note NP returns a hexadecimal value. For example, if NP returns 0x66, this is equivalent to 102 bytes.

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AT commands

RF interfacing commands

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF (bytes) [read-only]

Default

N/A

RF interfacing commands

The following AT commands are RF interfacing commands.

PL (TX Power Level)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the power level at which the device transmits conducted power. Power levels are

approximate.

For XBee-PRO, PL= 4 is calibrated and the remaining power levels are approximate. The device

recalibrates its power setting every 15 seconds based on factory calibration settings and the current

temperature.

For XBee, PL = 4, PM = 1 is tested at the time of manufacturing. Other power levels are approximate.

On channel 26, transmitter power will not exceed -5 dBm.

Parameter range

0 - 4

The following table shows the TX power versus the PL setting.

XBee modules

PL setting

PM setting

Channel(s)

11 to 25

26

TX power* (dBm)

4

3

2

1

0

X

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

8

5

6

3

4

1

2

-1

-2

-5

-8

26

* Highest power level is tested during manufacturing. Other power levels are approximate.

XBee-PRO modules

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AT commands

RF interfacing commands

PL setting

Channel(s)

12 to 23

TX power* (dBm)

0

1

2

3

4

0

12

15

16

18

* Highest power level is tested during manufacturing. Other power levels are approximate.

Default

4

PM (Power Mode)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the power mode of the device. Enabling boost mode improves the receive sensitivity by

2dB and increase the transmit power by 3dB.

Parameter range

0 - 1

Setting

Meaning

0

1

Boost mode disabled

Boost mode enabled

Default

1

CA (CCA Threshold)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) threshold. Prior to transmitting a packet, the device

performs a CCA to detect energy on the channel. If the device detects energy above the CCA threshold,

it will not transmit the packet.

The CA parameter is measured in units of -dBm.

Note If device is operating in Europe, this value must be set to 0x34 to comply with EN 300 328 Listen

Before Talk requirements. Alternatively the device can be set to PL3 as explained in Europe (CE).

Parameter range

0x28 - 0x50

Default

0x2C (-44 decimal dBm)

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AT commands

Sleep commands

The following AT commands are sleep commands.

SM (Sleep Mode)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the sleep mode of the device.

By default, Sleep Modes are disabled (SM = 0) and the device remains in Idle/Receive mode. When in

this state, the device is constantly ready to respond to either serial or RF activity.

Parameter range

0, 1, 4, 5

Parameter

Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

No sleep (disabled)

Pin sleep

Reserved

Cyclic Sleep Remote

Cyclic Sleep Remote with pin wakeup

Default

0

ST (Time before Sleep)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the wake time of the device.

The ST parameter is only valid for end devices configured with Cyclic Sleep settings (SM = 4 - 5) and

for coordinators.

Coordinator and End Device ST values must be equal.

Parameter range

1 - 0xFFFF (x 1 ms)

Default

0x1388 (5 seconds)

SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets and reads the duration of time that a remote device sleeps. After the cyclic sleep period is over,

the device wakes and checks for data. If data is not present, the device goes back to sleep.

The SP parameter is only valid if you configure the end device to operate in Cyclic Sleep (SM = 4-5).

Coordinator and End Device SP values should always be equal.

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AT commands

Sleep commands

To send direct messages on a coordinator, set SP = 0.

End Device: SP determines the sleep period for cyclic sleeping remotes.

Coordinator: If non-zero, SP determines the time to hold an indirect message before discarding it. A

Coordinator discards indirect messages after a period of (2.5 * SP).

Parameter range

0 - 0x15F900 (x 10 ms) (4 hours)

Default

0

DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the sleep period for cyclic sleeping remotes that are configured for Association but

that are not associated to a Coordinator. For example, if a device is configured to associate and is

configured as a Cyclic Sleep remote, but does not find a Coordinator, it sleeps for DP time before

reattempting association.

Parameter range

1 - 0xFFFF

Default

0x3E8 (10 seconds)

SO (Sleep Options)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the sleep options bit field of a device. This command is a bitmask.

You can set or clear any of the available sleep option bits.

Parameter range

0 - 0x3

Bit field:

Bit

Setting

Meaning

Description

0x01

0

Normal

operations

A device configured for cyclic sleep will poll for data on waking

1

0

1

Disable

wakeup poll

A device configured for cyclic sleep will not poll for data on

waking

0x02

Normal

operations

A device configured in a sleep mode with ADC/DIO sampling

enabled will automatically perform a sampling on wakeup

Suppress

sample on

wakeup

A device configured in a sleep mode with ADC/DIO sampling

enabled will not automatically sample on wakeup

Set all other option bits to 0.

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AT commands

Serial interfacing commands

Default

0

Serial interfacing commands

The following AT commands are serial interfacing commands.

BD (Interface Data Rate)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

To request non-standard baud rates with values between 1200 b/s and 250,000 b/s (0x4B0 and

0x3D090), you can use the Serial Console toolbar in XCTU to configure the serial connection (if the

console is connected), or click the Connect button (if the console is not yet connected).

When you send non-standard baud rates to a device, it stores the closest interface data rate

represented by the number in the BD register. Read the BD command by sending ATBD without a

parameter value, and the device returns the value stored in the BD register.

The RF data rate is not affected by the BD parameter.

Non-standard interface data rates

The firmware interprets any value from 0x4B0 through 0x3D090 as an actual baud rate. When the

firmware cannot configure the exact rate specified, it configures the closest approximation to that

rate. For example, to set a rate of 57600 b/s send the following command line: ATBDE100. Then, to

find out the closest approximation, send ATBD to the console window. It sends back a response of

0xE0D1, which is the closest approximation to 57600 b/s attainable by the hardware.

Note When using XCTU, you can only set and read non-standard interface data rates using the XCTU

Terminal tab. You cannot access non-standard rates through the Modem Configuration tab.

When you send the BD command with a non-standard interface data rate, the UART adjusts to

accommodate the interface rate you request. In most cases, the clock resolution causes the stored BD

parameter to vary from the sent parameter. Sending ATBD without an associated parameter value

returns the value actually stored in the device’s BD register.

The following table provides the parameters sent versus the parameters stored.

BD parameter sent (HEX)

Interface data rate (b/s)

BD parameter stored (HEX)

0

1200

0

4

19,200

115,200

57,600

115,200

4

7

E100

1C200

E0D1

1C2B8

Parameter range

Standard baud rates: 0x0 - 0x8

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AT commands

Serial interfacing commands

Parameter

Description

1200 b/s

2400 b/s

4800 b/s

9600 b/s

19200 b/s

38400 b/s

57600

0x0

0x1

0x2

0x3

0x4

0x5

0x6

0x7

0x8

115200 b/s

230400 b/s

Default

0x03 (9600 b/s)

NB (Parity)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the serial parity settings for UART communications.

The device does not actually calculate and check the parity. It only interfaces with devices at the

configured parity and stop bit settings.

Parameter range

0x00 - 0x04

Parameter

0x00

Description

No parity

0x01

Even parity

0x02

Odd parity

Mark parity (forced high)

0x03

Default

0x00

RO (Packetization Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the number of character times of inter-character silence required before transmission

begins when operating in Transparent mode. RF transmission will also commence when the maximum

payload (see Maximum payload) is received in the DI buffer.

Set RO to 0 to transmit characters as they arrive instead of buffering them into one RF packet.

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AT commands

Serial interfacing commands

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x character times)

Default

3

D7 (DIO7/CTS)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO7/CTS configuration (TH pin 12/SMT pin 25).

Parameter range

0, 1, 3 - 7

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

CTS flow control

N/A

Digital input

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

RS-485 Tx enable, low Tx (0 V on transmit, high when idle)

RS-485 Tx enable high, high Tx (high on transmit, 0 V when idle)

Default

0x1

D6 (DIO6/RTS)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO6/RTS configuration (TH pin 16/SMT pin 29).

Parameter range

0, 1, 3 - 5

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

2

3

RTS flow control

N/A

Digital input

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter

Description

4

5

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

Default

0

AP (API Enable)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the API mode setting. The device can format the RF packets it receives into API frames and

send them out the serial port.

When you enable API, you must format the serial data as API frames because Transparent operating

mode is disabled.

Enables API Mode.

Parameter range

0 - 2

Parameter

Description

Transparent mode, API mode is off. All UART input and output is raw data and the

device uses the RO parameter to delineate packets.

0

1

2

API Mode Without Escapes. The device packetizes all UART input and output data in

API format, without escape sequences.

API Mode With Escapes. The device is in API mode and inserts escaped sequences to

allow for control characters. When XON (0x11), XOFF (0x13), Escape (0x7D), and start

delimiter 0x7E are data, these bytes are escaped so that they never appear in the

data and so that they can always be interpreted with their special meanings.

Default

0

I/O settings commands

The following AT commands are I/O settings commands.

D0 (DIO0/AD0)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO0/AD0 configuration (TH pin 20/SMT pin 33).

Parameter range

0, 2 - 5

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

2

3

4

5

Unmonitored digital input

N/A

ADC

Digital input

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

Default

0

D1 (DIO1/AD1)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO1/AD1 configuration (TH pin 19/SMT pin 32).

Parameter range

Parameter

Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Disabled

Commissioning button

SPI_ATTN for the through-hole device

ADC

Digital input

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

PTI_EN

Default

0

D2 (DIO2/AD2)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO2/AD2 configuration (TH pin 18/SMT pin 31).

Parameter range

0 - 5

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter

Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

Disabled

SPI_CLK for through-hole devices

ADC

Digital input

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

Default

0

D3 (DIO3/AD3)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO3/AD3 configuration (TH pin 17/SMT pin 30).

Parameter range

0 - 5

Parameter

Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

Disabled

Unmonitored digital input

SPI_SSEL for the through-hole device

SPI slave select

ADC

Digital input

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

Default

0

D4 (DIO4)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO4 configuration (TH pin 11/SMT pin 24).

Parameter range

0, 1, 3 - 5

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter

Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

Disabled

Unmonitored digital input

SPI_MOSI for the through-hole device

N/A

Digital input

Digital output, low

Digital output, high

Default

0

D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR configuration (TH pin 15/SMT pin 28).

Parameter range

0, 1, 3 - 5

Parameter

Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

Disabled

Associate LED indicator - blinks when associated

N/A

Digital input

Digital output, default low

Digital output, default high

Default

1

D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DI8/DTR/SLP_RQ configuration (TH pin 9/SMT pin 10).

This line is also used with Pin Sleep, but pin sleep ignores the D8 configuration. It is always used to

control pin sleep, regardless of configuration of D8.

Note When using Pin sleep, the internal pull up/down resistor is not used

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter range

0, 3

Parameter

Description

Disabled

N/A

0

1

2

3

4

5

N/A

Digital input

N/A

Default

0

P0 (RSSI/PWM0 Configuration)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the RSSI/PWM0 configuration ().

This command enables the option of translating incoming data to a PWM so that the output can be

translated back into analog form.

If the IA (I/O Input Address) parameter is correctly set and P0 is configured as PWM0 output, incoming

AD0 samples automatically modify the PWM0 value.

Parameter range

0 - 2

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

2

RSSI PWM0 output

PWM0 output

Default

1

P1 (PWM1 Configuration)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the PWM1 configuration (TH pin 7/SMT pin 8).

If IA (I/O Input Address) is correctly set and P1 is configured as PWM1 output, incoming AD0 samples

automatically modify the PWM1 value.

Parameter range

0, 2

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

2

PWM1 output

Default

0

P2 (SPI_MISO)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the SPI_MISO configuration (TH pin 4/SMT pin 17). This only applies to through-hole

devices.

Parameter range

0 - 1

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

SPI_MISO

Default

0

M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The duty cycle of the PWM0 line (TH pin 6/SMT pin 7).

Use the P0 command to configure the line as a PWM output.

If the IA (I/O Input Address) parameter is correctly set and P0 is configured as PWM0 output, incoming

AD0 samples automatically modify the PWM0 value.

Before setting the line as an output:

1. Enable PWM0 output (P0 = 2).

2. Apply settings (use CN or AC).

To configure the duty cycle of PWM0:

The PWM period is 64 µs and there are 0x03FF (1023 decimal) steps within this period. When M0 = 0

(0% PWM), 0x01FF (50% PWM), 0x03FF (100% PWM), and so forth.

Parameter range

0 - 0x3FF

Default

0

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The duty cycle of the PWM1 line (TH pin 7/SMT pin 8).

Use the P1 command to configure the line as a PWM output.

Before setting the line as an output:

1. Enable PWM1 output (P1 = 2).

2. Apply settings (use CN or AC)

Parameter range

0 - 0x3FF

Default

0

P5 (SPI_MISO)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the SPI_MISO configuration.

This only applies to surface-mount devices.

Parameter range

0, 1

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

SPI_MISO

Default

1

P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the SPI_MOSI configuration.

This only applies to surface-mount devices.

Parameter range

0, 1

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

SPI_MOSI

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Default

1

P7 (SPI_SSEL )

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the SPI_SSEL configuration.

This only applies to surface-mount devices.

Parameter range

1, 2

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

SPI_SSEL

Default

1

P8 (SPI_SCLK)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the DIO18/SPI_CLK configuration.

This only applies to surface-mount devices.

Parameter range

1, 2

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

SPI_SCLK

Default

1

P9 (SPI_ATTN)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the SPI_ATTN configuration (pin 12).

This only applies to surface-mount devices.

Parameter range

1, 2

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

SPI_ATTN

Default

1

PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The bit field that configures the internal pull-up/down resistor status for the I/O lines.

n

If you set a PR bit to 1, it enables the pull-up/down resistor

n

If you set a PR bit to 0, it specifies no internal pull-up/down resistor.

The PD (Pull Direction) parameter determines the direction of the internal pull-up/down resistor.

Note When using Pin sleep, the internal pull up/down resistor is not used

PR and PD only affect lines that are configured as digital inputs or disabled.

The following table defines the bit-field map for PR and PD commands.

Bit

0

I/O line

DIO4 (pin 11)

1

AD3/DIO3 (pin 17)

AD2/DIO2 (pin 18)

AD1/DIO1 (pin 19)

AD0/DIO0 (pin 20)

2

3

4

RTS

5

/DIO6 (pin 16)

6

DI8/SLEEP_RQ (pin 9)

DIN/CONFIG (pin 3)

7

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (bit field)

Default

0xFF

Example

Sending the command ATPR 6F turn bits 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 ON, and bits 4 and 7 OFF. The binary

equivalent of 0x6F is 01101111. Bit 0 is the last digit in the bit field.

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

PD (Pull Up/Down Direction)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The resistor pull direction bit field (1 = pull-up, 0 = pull-down) for corresponding I/O lines that are set

by the PR command.

See PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) for the bit mappings.

Parameter range

0x0 - 0xFF

Default

0xFF

IU (I/O Output Enable)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The IU command disables or enables I/O UART output. When enabled (IU = 1), received I/O line data

packets are sent out the UART. The data is sent using an API frame regardless of the current AP

parameter value.

Parameter range

0 - 1

Parameter

Description

Disabled

0

1

Enabled

Default

1

IT (Samples before TX)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the number of samples to collect before transmitting data. The maximum number of

samples is dependent on the number of enabled I/O lines and the maximum payload available.

If IT is set to a number too big to fit in the maximum payload, it is reduced such that it will fit. A query

of IT after setting it reports the actual number of samples in a packet.

Parameter range

0x1 - 0xFF

Default

1

IS (Force Sample)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

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AT commands

I/O settings commands

Forces a read of all enabled digital and analog input lines. The data is returned through the UART or

SPI.

When operating in Transparent mode (AP = 0), the data is returned in the following format:

All bytes are converted to ASCII:

number of samples<CR>

channel mask<CR>

DIO data<CR> (If DIO lines are enabled)

ADC channel Data<CR> (This will repeat for every enabled ADC channel)

<CR> (end of data noted by extra <CR>)

When operating in API mode (AP = 1), the command immediately returns an OK response. The data

follows in the normal API format for DIO data.

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

IO (Digital Output Level)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets digital output levels. This allows DIO lines setup as outputs to be changed through Command

mode.

Parameter range

8-bit bit map; each bit represents the level of an I/O line set up as an output

Default

N/A

IC (DIO Change Detect)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set or read the digital I/O pins to monitor for changes in the I/O state.

Each bit enables monitoring of DIO0 - DIO7 for changes. If detected, data is transmitted with DIO data

only. Any samples queued waiting for transmission is sent first.

Set unused bits to 0.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF (bit field)

Default

0

IR (Sample Rate)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

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AT commands

I/O line passing commands

Set or read the I/O sample rate to enable periodic sampling. When set, this parameter causes the

device to sample all enabled DIO and ADC at a specified interval.

To enable periodic sampling, set IR to a non-zero value, and enable the analog or digital I/O

functionality of at least one device pin (see D0 (DIO0/AD0) -D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST), P0

(RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) -P2 (SPI_MISO).

WARNING! If you set IR to 1 or 2, the device will not keep up and many samples will be

lost.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF (x 1 ms)

Default

0

RP (RSSI PWM Timer)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The PWM timer expiration in 0.1 seconds. RP sets the duration of pulse width modulation (PWM)

signal output on the RSSI pin. The signal duty cycle updates with each received packet and shuts off

when the timer expires.

When RP = 0xFF, the output is always on.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0x28 (four seconds)

I/O line passing commands

The following AT commands are I/O line passing commands.

I/O Line Passing allows the digital and analog inputs of a remote device to affect the corresponding

outputs of the local device.

You can perform Digital Line Passing on any of the Digital I/O lines. Digital Inputs directly map to

Digital Outputs of each digital pin.

Analog Line Passing can be performed only on the first two ADC lines:

n

ADC0 corresponds with PWM0

n

ADC1 corresponds with PWM1

IA (I/O Input Address)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The source address of the device to which outputs are bound. Setting all bytes to 0xFF disables I/O

line passing. Setting IA to 0xFFFF allows any I/O packet addressed to this device (including

broadcasts) to change the outputs.

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AT commands

I/O line passing commands

The source address of the device to which outputs are bound. If an I/O sample is received from the

address specified, any pin that is configured as a digital output or PWM changes its state to match

that of the I/O sample.

Set IA to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF to disable I/O line passing.

Set IA to 0xFFFF to allow any I/O packet addressed to this device (including broadcasts) to change the

outputs.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF

Default

0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF (I/O line passing disabled)

T0 (D0 Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D0 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

T1 (D1 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D1 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

T2 (D2 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D2 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

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AT commands

I/O line passing commands

T3 (D3 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D3 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

T4 (D4 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D4 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

T5 (D5 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D5 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

T6 (D6 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D6 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

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AT commands

Diagnostic commands

T7 (D7 Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long pin D7 holds a given value before it reverts to configured value. If set to 0, there is

no timeout.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

PT (PWM Output Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Specifies how long both PWM outputs (P0, P1) output a given PWM signal before it reverts to the

configured value (M0/M1). If set to 0, there is no timeout. This timeout only affects these pins when

they are configured as PWM output.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF (x 100 ms)

Default

0xFF

Diagnostic commands

The following AT commands are diagnostic commands. Diagnostic commands are typically volatile

and will not persist across a power cycle.

VR (Firmware Version)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Reads the firmware version on a device.

Firmware version numbers have four significant digits. The reported number shows three or four

numbers in hexadecimal notation. A version is reported as ABCD. Digits ABC are the main release

number and D is the revision number from the main release. D is not required and if it is not present, a

zero is assumed for D. B is a variant designator.

Parameter range

0x2000 - 0x20FF

Default

Set in the factory

VL (Version Long)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Shows detailed version information including the application build date and time.

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AT commands

Diagnostic commands

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

HV (Hardware Version)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Display the hardware version number of the device.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF [read-only]

Default

Set in firmware

DB (Last Packet RSSI)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Reports the RSSI in -dBm of the last received RF data packet. DB returns a hexadecimal value for the -

dBm measurement.

For example, if DB returns 0x60, then the RSSI of the last packet received was -96 dBm.

If the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module has been reset and has not yet received a packet, DB

reports 0.

This value is volatile (the value does not persist in the device's memory after a power-up sequence).

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF [read-only]

Default

N/A

EC (CCA Failures)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

ReSets or displays the count of Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) failures. This register increments

when the device does not transmit a packet because it detected energy above the CCA threshold level

set with CA command. This count saturates at its maximum value. Set the count to zero to reset the

count.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF

Default

N/A

EA (ACK Failures)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

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AT commands

Command mode options

Resets or displays the count of acknowledgment failures. This register increments when the device

expires the retries without receiving an ACK on a packet transmission. This count saturates at its

maximum value. Set the count to zero to reset the count.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFF

Default

N/A

DD (Device Type Identifier)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Stores the Digi device type identifier value. Use this value to differentiate between multiple XBee

devices.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFFFFFFFF

Default

0x10000

Command mode options

The following commands are Command mode option commands.

CT (Command mode Timeout)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Sets or displays the Command mode timeout parameter. If a device does not receive any valid

commands within this time period, it returns to Idle mode from Command mode.

Parameter range

2 - 0x1770 (x 100 ms)

Default

0x64 (10 seconds)

CN (Exit Command mode)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Exits Command mode and returns the product family to Idle mode.

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

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AT commands

Command mode options

AC (Apply Changes)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Immediately applies new settings without exiting Command mode.

Applying changes means that the device is re-initialized based on changes made to its parameter

values. Once changes are applied, the device immediately operates according to the new parameter

values.

This behavior is in contrast to issuing the WR (Write) command. The WR command saves parameter

values to non-volatile memory, but the device still operates according to previously saved values until

the device is rebooted or the CN (Exit AT Command Mode) or AC commands are issued. For more

information, see Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09.

Parameter range

N/A

Default

N/A

GT (Guard Times)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

Set the required period of silence before and after the command sequence characters of the

Command mode sequence (GT + CC + GT). The period of silence prevents inadvertently entering

Command mode.

Parameter range

0x2 - 0xCE4 (x 1 ms)

Default

0x3E8 (one second)

CC (Command Character)

This command applies to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

The character value the device uses to enter Command mode.

The default value (0x2B) is the ASCII code for the plus (+) character. You must enter it three times

within the guard time to enter Command mode. To enter Command mode, there is also a required

period of silence before and after the command sequence characters of the Command mode

sequence (GT + CC + GT). The period of silence prevents inadvertently entering Command mode.

Parameter range

0 - 0xFF

Default

0x2B (the ASCII plus character: +)

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Operate in API mode

API mode overview

109

112

113

API frame specifications

Escaped characters in API frames

Frame descriptions

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Operate in API mode

API mode overview

As an alternative to Transparent operating mode, you can use API operating mode. API mode provides

a structured interface where data is communicated through the serial interface in organized packets

and in a determined order. This enables you to establish complex communication between devices

without having to define your own protocol. The API specifies how commands, command responses

and device status messages are sent and received from the device using the serial interface or the

SPI interface.

We may add new frame types to future versions of firmware, so build the ability to filter out additional

API frames with unknown frame types into your software interface.

API frame specifications

The firmware supports two API operating modes: without escaped characters and with escaped

characters. Use the AP command to enable either mode. To configure a device to one of these modes,

set the following AP parameter values:

AP command

setting

Description

AP = 0

Transparent operating mode, UART serial line replacement with API modes

disabled. This is the default option.

AP = 1

AP = 2

API operation.

API operation with escaped characters (only possible on UART).

The API data frame structure differs depending on what mode you choose.

The firmware silently discards any data it receives prior to the start delimiter. If the device does not

receive the frame correctly or if the checksum fails, the device discards the frame.

API operation (AP parameter = 1)

We recommend this API mode for most applications. The following table shows the data frame

structure when you enable this mode:

Frame fields

Start delimiter

Length

Byte

1

Description

0x7E

2 - 3

4 - n

n + 1

Most Significant Byte, Least Significant Byte

Frame data

Checksum

API-specific structure

1 byte

API operation-with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2)

Set API to 2 to allow escaped control characters in the API frame. Due to its increased complexity, we

only recommend this API mode in specific circumstances. API 2 may help improve reliability if the

serial interface to the device is unstable or malformed frames are frequently being generated.

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API frame specifications

When operating in API 2, if an unescaped 0x7E byte is observed, it is treated as the start of a new API

frame and all data received prior to this delimiter is silently discarded. For more information on using

this API mode, refer to the following knowledge base article:

http://knowledge.digi.com/articles/Knowledge_Base_Article/Escaped-Characters-and-API-Mode-2

The following table shows the structure of an API frame with escaped characters:

Frame fields Byte

Description

Start delimiter 1

0x7E

Length

2 - 3

4 - n

n + 1

Most Significant Byte, Least Significant Byte Characters escaped if needed

Frame data

Checksum

API-specific structure

1 byte

Escape characters

When sending or receiving a UART data frame, you must escape (flag) specific data values so they do

not interfere with the data frame sequencing. To escape an interfering data byte, insert 0x7D and

follow it with the byte to be escaped XOR’d with 0x20. If not escaped, 0x11 and 0x13 are sent as is.

Data bytes that need to be escaped:

n

0x7E – Frame delimiter

n

0x7D – Escape

n

0x11 – XON

n

0x13 – XOFF

Example - Raw UART data frame (before escaping interfering bytes): 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x11 0xCB

0x11 needs to be escaped which results in the following frame: 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x7D 0x31 0xCB

Note In the previous example, the length of the raw data (excluding the checksum) is 0x0002 and the

checksum of the non-escaped data (excluding frame delimiter and length) is calculated as:

0xFF - (0x23 + 0x11) = (0xFF - 0x34) = 0xCB.

Start delimiter

This field indicates the beginning of a frame. It is always 0x7E. This allows the device to easily detect a

new incoming frame.

Length

The length field specifies the total number of bytes included in the frame's data field. Its two-byte

value excludes the start delimiter, the length, and the checksum.

Frame data

This field contains the information that a device receives or will transmit. The structure of frame data

depends on the purpose of the API frame:

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Operate in API mode

API frame specifications

Frame data

Start

Frame

type

delimiter

Length

Checksum

Data

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

...

n

n+1

API frame type

Single byte

0x7E

MSB

LSB

Data

n

Frame type is the API frame type identifier. It determines the type of API frame and indicates

how the Data field organizes the information.

n

Data contains the data itself. This information and its order depend on the what type of frame

that the Frame type field defines.

Checksum

Checksum is the last byte of the frame and helps test data integrity. It is calculated by taking the hash

sum of all the API frame bytes that came before it, except the first three bytes (start delimiter and

length).

The device does not process frames sent through the serial interface with incorrect checksums, and

ignores their data.

Calculate and verify checksums

To calculate the checksum of an API frame:

1. Add all bytes of the packet, except the start delimiter 0x7E and the length (the second and

third bytes).

2. Keep only the lowest 8 bits from the result.

3. Subtract this quantity from 0xFF.

To verify the checksum of an API frame:

1. Add all bytes including the checksum; do not include the delimiter and length.

2. If the checksum is correct, the last two digits on the far right of the sum equal 0xFF.

Example

Consider the following sample data packet: 7E 00 0A 01 01 50 01 00 48 65 6C 6C 6F B8

Byte(s)

7E

Description

Start delimiter

Length bytes

00 0A

01

API identifier

01

API frame ID

50 01

00

Destination address low

Option byte

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Escaped characters in API frames

Byte(s)

48 65 6C 6C 6F

B8

Description

Data packet

Checksum

To calculate the check sum you add all bytes of the packet, excluding the frame delimiter 7E and the

length (the second and third bytes):

7E 00 0A 01 01 50 01 00 48 65 6C 6C 6F B8

Add these hex bytes:

01 + 01 + 50 + 01 + 00 + 48 + 65 + 6C + 6C + 6F = 247

Now take the result of 0x247 and keep only the lowest 8 bits which, in this example, is 0x47 (the two

far right digits). Subtract 0x47 from 0xFF and you get 0xB8 (0xFF - 0x47 = 0xB8). 0xB8 is the checksum

for this data packet.

If an API data packet is composed with an incorrect checksum, the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Module will consider the packet invalid and will ignore the data.

To verify the check sum of an API packet add all bytes including the checksum (do not include the

delimiter and length) and if correct, the last two far right digits of the sum will equal FF.

01 + 01 + 50 + 01 + 00 + 48 + 65 + 6C + 6C + 6F + B8 = 2FF

Escaped characters in API frames

If operating in API mode with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2), when sending or receiving a

serial data frame, specific data values must be escaped (flagged) so they do not interfere with the

data frame sequencing. To escape an interfering data byte, insert 0x7D and follow it with the byte to

be escaped (XOR'ed with 0x20).

The following data bytes need to be escaped:

n

0x7E: start delimiter

n

0x7D: escape character

n

0x11: XON

n

0x13: XOFF

To escape a character:

1. Insert 0x7D (escape character).

2. Append it with the byte you want to escape, XOR'ed with 0x20.

In API mode with escaped characters, the length field does not include any escape characters in the

frame and the firmware calculates the checksum with non-escaped data.

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Frame descriptions

The following sections describe the API frames.

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Frame descriptions

64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00

Response frame: Transmit Status - 0x89

Description

This frame type is used to send serial payload data as an RF packet to a remote device with a

corresponding 64-bit IEEE address.

Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require

compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use Transmit

Request frame - 0x10 to initiate API transmissions.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

format.

Offset

Size

Frame Field Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00

Frame type

Frame ID

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a

subsequent response.

If set to 0, the device will not emit a response frame.

Destination

address

Set to the 64-bit IEEE address of the destination device.

5

64-bit

8-bit

If set to 0x000000000000FFFF, the broadcast address is used.

Options

A bit field of options that affect the outgoing transmission:

13

n

Bit 0: Disable MAC ACK [0x01]

n

Bit 1: Reserved (set to 0)

n

Bit 2: Send packet with Broadcast PAN ID [0x04]

l

802.15.4 firmwares only

Note Option values may be combined. Set all unused bits to

0.

The serial data to be sent to the destination. Use NP to query

the maximum payload size that can be supported based on

current settings.

14-n

EOF

variable

8-bit

RF data

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

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Frame descriptions

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

64-bit unicast

Sending a unicast transmission to a device with the 64-bit address of 0013A20012345678 with the

serial data "TxData".

The corresponding Transmit Status - 0x89 response with a matching Frame ID will indicate whether

the transmission succeeded.

7E 00 11 00 52 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 00 54 78 44 61 74 61 9E

Frame type

Frame ID

64-bit dest address

Tx options

RF data

0x00

0x52

0x0013A200

12345678

0x00

0x547844617461

Input

Matches response

"TxData"

64-bit broadcast

Sending a broadcast transmission of the serial data "Broadcast" and suppressing the corresponding

response by setting Frame ID to 0.

7E 00 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 42 72 6F 61 64 63 61 73 74 6E

Frame type Frame ID

64-bit dest address Tx options RF data

0x00000000

0000FFFF

0x00

0x42726F616463617374

Input

Suppress response Broadcast address

"Broadcast"

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Frame descriptions

16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01

Response frame: Transmit Status - 0x89

Description

This frame type is used to send serial payload data as an RF packet to a remote device with a

corresponding 16-bit network address.

Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require

compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use Transmit

Request - 0x10 to initiate API transmissions.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

format.

Offset

Size

Frame Field Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01

Frame type

Frame ID

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a

subsequent response.

If set to 0, the device will not emit a response frame.

Destination

address

Set to the 16-bit network address of the destination device.

5

7

16-bit

8-bit

If set to 0xFFFF, the broadcast address is used.

Options

A bit field of options that affect the outgoing transmission:

n

Bit 0: Disable MAC ACK [0x01]

n

Bit 1: Reserved (set to 0)

n

Bit 2: Send packet with Broadcast PAN ID [0x04]

l

802.15.4 firmwares only

Note Option values may be combined. Set all unused bits to

0.

The serial data to be sent to the destination. Use NP to query

the maximum payload size that can be supported based on

current settings.

8-n

variable

8-bit

RF data

EOF

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

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Frame descriptions

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

16-bit unicast

Sending a unicast transmission to a device with the 16-bit address of 1234 with the serial data

"TxData".

The corresponding Transmit Status - 0x89 response with a matching Frame ID will indicate whether

the transmission succeeded.

7E 00 0B 01 87 12 34 00 54 78 44 61 74 61 EB

Frame type

0x01

Frame ID

0x87

16-bit dest address

Tx options

RF data

0x1234

0x00

0x547844617461

"TxData"

Input

Matches response

16-bit broadcast

Sending a broadcast transmission of the serial data "Broadcast" and suppressing the corresponding

response by setting Frame ID to 0.

7E 00 0E 01 00 FF FF 00 42 72 6F 61 64 63 61 73 74 6D

Frame type Frame ID

16-bit dest address Tx options RF data

0xFFFF

0x01

0x00

0x42726F616463617374

Input

Suppress response Broadcast address

"Broadcast"

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Frame descriptions

Local AT Command Request - 0x08

Response frame: Local AT Command Response - 0x88

Description

This frame type is used to query or set command parameters on the local device. Any parameter that

is set with this frame type will apply the change immediately. If you wish to queue multiple parameter

changes and apply them later, use the Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09 instead.

When querying parameter values, this frame behaves identically to Queue Local AT Command Request

- 0x09: You can query parameter values by sending this frame with a command but no parameter

value field—the two-byte AT command is immediately followed by the frame checksum. When an AT

command is queried, a Local AT Command Response - 0x88 frame is populated with the parameter

value that is currently set on the device. The Frame ID of the 0x88 response is the same one set by the

command in the 0x08 request frame.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

format.

Offset

Size

Frame Field

Description

0

1

3

4

8-bit

16-bit

8-bit

Start Delimiter Indicates the start of an API frame.

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Frame type

Frame ID

Local AT Command Request - 0x08

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a

subsequent response.

If set to0, the device will not emit a response frame.

AT command

The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command.

5

16-bit

Parameter

value

(optional)

If present, indicates the requested parameter value to set

the given register.

If no characters are present, it queries the current

parameter value and returns the result in the response.

7-n

variable

EOF

8-bit

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

Set the local command parameter

Set the NI string of the radio to "End Device".

The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID will indicate

whether the parameter change succeeded.

7E 00 0E 08 A1 4E 49 45 6E 64 20 44 65 76 69 63 65 38

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Frame descriptions

Frame type

0x08

Frame ID

AT command

0x4E49

Parameter value

0xA1

0x456E6420446576696365

Request

Matches response

"NI"

"End Device"

Query local command parameter

Query the temperature of the module—TP command.

The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID will return the

temperature value.

7E 00 04 08 17 54 50 3C

Frame type

0x08

Frame ID

0x17

AT command

0x5450

Parameter value

(omitted)

Request

Matches response

"TP"

Query the parameter

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Frame descriptions

Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09

Response frame: Local AT Command Response - 0x88

Description

This frame type is used to query or set queued command parameters on the local device. In contrast

to Local AT Command Request - 0x08, this frame queues new parameter values and does not apply

them until you either:

n

Issue a Local AT Command using the 0x08 frame

n

Issue an AC command—queued or otherwise

When querying parameter values, this frame behaves identically to Local AT Command Request - 0x08:

You can query parameter values by sending this frame with a command but no parameter value

field—the two-byte AT command is immediately followed by the frame checksum. When an AT

command is queried, a Local AT Command Response - 0x88 frame is populated with the parameter

value that is currently set on the device. The Frame ID of the 0x88 response is the same one set by the

command in the 0x09 request frame.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Offset

Size

Frame Field

Description

0

1

3

4

8-bit

16-bit

8-bit

Start Delimiter Indicates the start of an API frame.

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Frame type

Frame ID

Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a

subsequent response.

If set to0, the device will not emit a response frame.

AT command

The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command.

5

16-bit

Parameter

value

(optional)

If present, indicates the requested parameter value to set

the given register at a later time.

If no characters are present, it queries the current

parameter value and returns the result in the response.

7-n

variable

EOF

8-bit

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

Queue setting local command parameter

Set the UART baud rate to 115200, but do not apply changes immediately.

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Frame descriptions

The device will continue to operate at the current baud rate until the change is applied with a

subsequent AC command.

The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID will indicate

whether the parameter change succeeded.

7E 00 05 09 53 42 44 07 16

Frame type

0x09

Frame ID

0x53

AT command

0x4244

Parameter value

0x07

Request

Matches response

"BD"

7 = 115200 baud

Query local command parameter

Query the temperature of the module (TP command).

The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 frame with a matching Frame ID will return

the temperature value.

7E 00 04 09 17 54 50 3B

Frame type

0x09

Frame ID

0x17

AT command

0x5450

Parameter value

(omitted)

Request

Matches response

"TP"

Query the parameter

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Frame descriptions

Remote AT Command Request - 0x17

Response frame: Remote AT Command Response- 0x97

Description

This frame type is used to query or set AT command parameters on a remote device.

For parameter changes on the remote device to take effect, you must apply changes, either by setting

the Apply Changes options bit, or by sending an AC command to the remote.

When querying parameter values you can query parameter values by sending this framewith a

command but no parameter value field—the two-byte AT command is immediately followed by the

frame checksum. When an AT command is queried, a Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 frame is

populated with the parameter value that is currently set on the device. The Frame ID of the 0x97

response is the same one set by the command in the 0x17 request frame.

Note Remote AT Command Requests should only be issued as unicast transmissions to avoid

potential network disruption. Broadcasts are not acknowledged, so there is no guarantee all devices

will receive the request. Responses are returned immediately by all receiving devices, which can cause

congestion on a large network.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Offset

Size

Frame Field Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Remote AT Command Request - 0x17.

Frame type

Frame ID

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a

subsequent response.

If set to 0, the device will not emit a response frame.

Set to the 64-bit IEEE address of the destination device.

5

64-bit

16-bit

64-bit

destination

address

Unused, but this field is typically set to 0xFFFE.

13

Reserved

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Frame descriptions

Offset

Size

Frame Field Description

Bit field of options that apply to the remote AT command

request:

15

8-bit

Remote

command

options

n

Bit 0: Disable ACK [0x01]

n

Bit 1: Apply changes on remote [0x02]

l

If not set, changes will not applied until the device

receives an AC command or a subsequent

command change is received with this bit set

n

Bit 2: Reserved (set to 0)

Bit 3: Reserved (set to 0)

Bit 4: Send the remote command securely [0x10]

Note Option values may be combined. Set all unused bits to 0.

AT command The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command.

16

16-bit

If present, indicates the requested parameter value to set the

given register.

If no characters are present, it queries the current parameter

value and returns the result in the response.

18-n

variable

Parameter

value

(optional)

EOF

8-bit

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

Examples

Each example is written without escapes—AP = 1—and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

Set remote command parameter

Set the NI string of a device with the 64-bit address of 0013A20012345678 to "Remote" and apply the

change immediately.

The corresponding Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 with a matching Frame ID will indicate

success.

7E 00 15 17 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 02 4E 49 52 65 6D 6F 74 65 F6

Frame

type

Command

options

AT

command

Frame ID 64-bit dest

Reserved

Parameter value

0x17

0x27

0x0013A200

12345678

0xFFFE

0x02

0x4E49

0x52656D6F7465

Unused

Request

Matches

response

Apply

Change

"NI"

"Remote"

Queue remote command parameter change

Change the PAN ID of a remote device so it can migrate to a new PAN, since this change would cause

network disruption, the change is queued so that it can be made active later with a subsequent AC

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Frame descriptions

command or written to flash with a queued WR command so the change will be active after a power

cycle.

The corresponding Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 with a matching Frame ID will indicate

success.

7E 00 11 17 68 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 00 49 44 04 51 D8

Frame

type

Command

options

AT

command

Parameter

value

Frame ID

64-bit dest

Reserved

0x17

0x68

0x0013A200

12345678

0xFFFE

0x00

0x4944

0x0451

Unused

Request

Matches

response

Queue Change "ID"

Query remote command parameter

Query the temperature of a remote device—TP command.

The corresponding Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 with a matching Frame ID will return the

temperature value.

7E 00 0F 17 FA 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 00 54 50 84

Frame

type

Command

options

AT

command

Parameter

value

Frame ID

64-bit dest

Reserved

0x17

0xFA

0x0013A200

12345678

0xFFFE

0x00

0x5450

(omitted)

Unused

Request

Matches

response

N/A

"TP"

Query the

parameter

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Frame descriptions

64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80

Request frames:

n

Transmit Request - 0x10

n

64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00

16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01

Description

This frame type is emitted when a device configured with legacy API output— = 2—receives an RF data

packet from a device configured to use 64-bit source addressing—MY = 0xFFFE.

Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require

compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use Receive Packet -

0x90 for reception of API transmissions.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80

Frame type

The sender's 64-bit IEEE address.

64-bit

source

address

12

13

8-bit

RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator. The Hexadecimal equivalent

of (-dBm) value. For example if RX signal strength is -40 dBm,

then 0x28 (40 decimal) is returned.

Options

Bit field of options that apply to the received message:

n

Bit 0: Reserved

n

Bit 1: Packet was sent as a broadcast [0x02]

n

Bit 2: 802.15.4 only - Packet was broadcast across all

PANs [0x04]

Note Option values may be combined.

The RF payload data that the device receives.

14-n

EOF

variable

8-bit

RF data

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

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Frame descriptions

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

64-bit unicast

A device with the 64-bit address of 0013A20087654321 sent a unicast transmission to a specific

device with the payload of "TxData". The following frame is emitted if the destination is configured

with AO = 2.

7E 00 11 80 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 5E 01 54 78 44 61 74 61 11

Frame type

64-bit source

RSSI

Rx options

Received data

0x0013A200

87654321

0x80

0x5E

0x01

0x547844617461

Output

-94 dBm

ACK was sent

"TxData"

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Frame descriptions

16-bit Receive Packet - 0x81

Request frames:

n

Transmit Request - 0x10

n

64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00

16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01

Description

This frame type is emitted when a device configured with legacy API output— = 2—receives an RF data

packet from a device configured to use 16-bit source addressing—MY < 0xFFFE.

Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require

compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use Receive Packet

frame - 0x90 for reception of API transmissions.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

16-bit Receive Packet - 0x81

Frame type

The sender's 16-bit network address.

16-bit

source

address

6

7

8-bit

RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator. The Hexadecimal equivalent

of (-dBm) value. For example if RX signal strength is -40 dBm,

then 0x28 (40 decimal) is returned.

Options

Bit field of options that apply to the received message:

n

Bit 0: Reserved

n

Bit 1: Packet was sent as a broadcast [0x02]

n

Bit 2: 802.15.4 only - Packet was broadcast across all

PANs [0x04]

Note Option values may be combined.

The RF payload data that the device receives.

8-n

variable

8-bit

RF data

EOF

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

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Frame descriptions

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

64-bit unicast

A device with the 16-bit address of 1234 sent a unicast transmission to a specific device with the

payload of "TxData". The following frame is emitted if the destination is configured with AO = 2.

7E 00 0B 81 12 34 5E 01 54 78 44 61 74 61 93

Frame type

0x80

64-bit source

RSSI

Rx options

0x01

Received data

0x547844617461

"TxData"

0x1234

0x5E

Output

-94 dBm

ACK was sent

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Frame descriptions

64-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x82

Description

This frame type is emitted when a device configured with legacy API output— = 2— receives an I/O

sample frame from a remote device configured to use 64-bit source addressing—MY = 0xFFFE. Only

devices running in API mode will send I/O samples out the serial port.

Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require

compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use I/O Sample

Indicator - 0x92 for reception of I/O samples.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

64-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x82

Frame type

The sender's 64-bit IEEE address.

64-bit

source

address

12

13

8-bit

RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator. The Hexadecimal equivalent

of (-dBm) value. For example if RX signal strength is -40 dBm,

then 0x28 (40 decimal) is returned.

Options

Bit field of options that apply to the received message:

n

Bit 0: Reserved

n

Bit 1: Packet was sent as a broadcast [0x02]

n

Bit 2: 802.15.4 only - Packet was broadcast across all

PANs [0x04]

Note Option values may be combined.

14

8-bit

Number of The number of sample sets included in the payload.

samples

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Frame descriptions

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

16-bit

Description

Bit field that indicates which I/O lines on the remote are

configured as inputs, if any:

15

Sample

mask

bit 0: DIO0

bit 1: DIO1

bit 2: DIO2

bit 3: DIO3

bit 4: DIO4

bit 5: DIO5

bit 6: DIO6

bit 7: DIO7

bit 8: DIO8

bit 9: ADC0

bit 10: ADC1

bit 11: ADC2

bit 12: ADC3

bit 13: N/A

bit 14: N/A

bit 15: N/A

Each bit represents either a DIO line or ADC channel. Bit set to 1

if channel is active.

If the sample set includes any digital I/O lines—Digital channel

mask > 0—this field contain samples for all enabled digital I/O

lines. If no digital lines are configured as inputs or outputs, this

field will be omitted.

17

16-bit

Digital

samples (if

included)

DIO lines that do not have sampling enabled return 0. Bits in

this field are arranged the same as they are in the channel mask

field.

If the sample set includes any analog I/O lines, each enabled

analog input returns a 16-bit value indicating the ADC

measurement of that input.

19

16-bit

variable

Analog

samples (if

included)

Analog samples are ordered sequentially from AD0 to AD3.

EOF

8-bit

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

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Frame descriptions

16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83

Description

This frame type is emitted when a device configured with legacy API output— = 2— receives an I/O

sample frame from a remote device configured to use 64-bit source addressing—MY = 0xFFFE. Only

devices running in API mode will send I/O samples out the serial port.

Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require

compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use I/O Data

Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 for reception of I/O samples.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83

Frame type

The sender's 16-bit network address.

16-bit

source

address

6

7

8-bit

RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator. The Hexadecimal equivalent

of (-dBm) value. For example if RX signal strength is -40 dBm,

then 0x28 (40 decimal) is returned.

Options

Bit field of options that apply to the received message:

n

Bit 0: Reserved

n

Bit 1: Packet was sent as a broadcast [0x02]

n

Bit 2: 802.15.4 only - Packet was broadcast across all

PANs [0x04]

Note Option values may be combined.

8

8-bit

Number of The number of sample sets included in the payload.

samples

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Frame descriptions

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

16-bit

Description

Bit field that indicates which I/O lines on the remote are

9

Sample

mask

configured as inputs, if any:

bit 0: DIO0

bit 1: DIO1

bit 2: DIO2

bit 3: DIO3

bit 4: DIO4

bit 5: DIO5

bit 6: DIO6

bit 7: DIO7

bit 8: DIO8

bit 9: ADC0

bit 10: ADC1

bit 11: ADC2

bit 12: ADC3

bit 13: N/A

bit 14: N/A

bit 15: N/A

Each bit represents either a DIO line or ADC channel. Bit set to 1

if channel is active.

If the sample set includes any digital I/O lines—Digital channel

mask > 0— this field contain samples for all enabled digital I/O

lines. If no digital lines are configured as inputs or outputs, this

field will be omitted.

11

16-bit

Digital

samples (if

included)

DIO lines that do not have sampling enabled return 0. Bits in

this field are arranged the same as they are in the channel mask

field.

If the sample set includes any analog I/O lines, each enabled

analog input returns a 16-bit value indicating the ADC

measurement of that input.

13

16-bit

variable

Analog

samples (if

included)

Analog samples are ordered sequentially from AD0 to AD3.

EOF

8-bit

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

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Frame descriptions

Local AT Command Response - 0x88

Request frames:

n

Local AT Command Request - 0x08

n

Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09

Description

This frame type is emitted in response to a local AT Command request. Some commands send back

multiple response frames; for example, ND (Network Discovery). Refer to individual AT command

descriptions for details on API response behavior.

This frame is only emitted if the Frame ID in the request is non-zero.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Offset

Size

Frame Field Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Local AT Command Response - 0x88

Frame type

Frame ID

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a prior

request.

AT

command

The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command.

5

7

16-bit

8-bit

Status code for the host's request:

0 = OK

Command

status

1 = ERROR

2 = Invalid command

3 = Invalid parameter

If the host requested a command parameter change, this field

will be omitted.

If the host queried a command by omitting the parameter value

in the request, this field will return the value currently set on

the device.

8-n

variable

8-bit

Command

data

(optional)

EOF

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

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Frame descriptions

Set local command parameter

Host set the NI string of the local device to "End Device" using a 0x08 request frame.

The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a

response:

7E 00 05 88 01 4E 49 00 DF

Frame

type

AT

command

Command

Status

Frame ID

Command data

0x88

0xA1

0x4E49

0x00

(omitted)

Response

Matches

request

"NI"

Success

Parameter changes return no

data

Query local command parameter

Host queries the temperature of the local device—TP command—using a 0x08 request frame.

The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID is emitted with the

temperature value as a response:

7E 00 07 88 01 54 50 00 FF FE D5

Frame type

0x88

Frame ID

0x17

AT command

0x5450

Command Status

0x00

Command data

0xFFFE

Response

Matches request

"TP"

Success

-2 °C

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Frame descriptions

Transmit Status - 0x89

Request frames:

n

64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00

n

16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01

Description

This frame type is emitted when a transmit request completes. The status field of this frame indicates

whether the request succeeded or failed and the reason.

This frame is only emitted if the Frame ID in the request is non-zero.

Note Broadcast transmissions are not acknowledged and always return a status of 0x00, even if the

delivery failed.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

0

8-bit Start

Indicates the start of an API frame.

Delimiter

1

3

4

16-bit Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Transmit Status - 0x89

8-bit Frame type

8-bit Frame ID

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a prior

request.

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Frame descriptions

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

Complete list of delivery statuses:

0x00 = Success

5

8-bit Delivery

status

0x01 = No ACK received

0x02 = CCA failure

0x03 = Indirect message unrequested

0x04 = Transceiver was unable to complete the transmission

0x21 = Network ACK failure

0x22 = Not joined to network

0x2C = Invalid frame values (check the phone number)

0x31 = Internal error

0x32 = Resource error - lack of free buffers, timers, etc.

0x34 = No Secure Session Connection

0x35 = Encryption Failure

0x74 = Message too long

0x76 = Socket closed unexpectedly

0x78 = Invalid UDP port

0x79 = Invalid TCP port

0x7A = Invalid host address

0x7B = Invalid data mode

0x7C = Invalid interface.

0x7D = Interface not accepting frames.

0x7E = A modem update is in progress. Try again after the

update is complete.

0x80 = Connection refused

0x81 = Socket connection lost

0x82 = No server

0x83 = Socket closed

0x84 = Unknown server

0x85 = Unknown error

0x86 = Invalid TLS configuration (missing file, and so forth)

0x87 = Socket not connected

0x88 = Socket not bound

Refer to the tables below for a filtered list of status codes that are

appropriate for specific devices.

EOF

8-bit Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

Delivery status codes

Protocol-specific status codes follow

XBee 802.15.4

0x00 = Success

0x01 = No ACK received

0x02 = CCA failure

0x03 = Indirect message unrequested

0x04 = Transceiver was unable to complete the transmission

0x21 = Network ACK failure

0x22 = Not joined to network

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Frame descriptions

0x31 = Internal error

0x32 = Resource error - lack of free buffers, timers, etc.

0x74 = Message too long

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

Successful transmission

Host sent a unicast transmission to a remote device using a 64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00 frame.

The corresponding 0x89 Transmit Status with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a response to the

request:

7E 00 03 89 52 00 24

Frame type

0x89

Frame ID

0x52

Delivery status

0x00

Response

Matches request

Success

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Frame descriptions

Modem Status - 0x8A

Description

This frame type is emitted in response to specific conditions. The status field of this frame indicates

the device behavior.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

0

8-bit Start

Indicates the start of an API frame.

Delimiter

1

3

16-bit Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Modem Status - 0x8A

8-bit Frame type

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Frame descriptions

Frame

Field

Offset

Size

Description

Complete list of modem statuses:

0x00 = Hardware reset or power up

0x01 = Watchdog timer reset

4

8-bit Modem

status

0x02 = Joined network

0x03 = Left network

0x06 = Coordinator started

0x07 = Network security key was updated

0x0B = Network woke up

0x0C = Network went to sleep

0x0D = Voltage supply limit exceeded

0x0E = Digi Remote Manager connected

0x0F = Digi Remote Manager disconnected

0x11 = Modem configuration changed while join in progress

0x12 = Access fault

0x13 = Fatal error

0x3B = Secure session successfully established

0x3C = Secure session ended

0x3D = Secure session authentication failed

0x3E = Coordinator detected a PAN ID conflict but took no action

0x3F = Coordinator changed PAN ID due to a conflict

0x32 = BLE Connect

0x33 = BLE Disconnect

0x34 = Bandmask configuration failed

0x35 = Cellular component update started

0x36 = Cellular component update failed

0x37 = Cellular component update completed

0x38 = XBee firmware update started

0x39 = XBee firmware update failed

0x3A = XBee firmware update applying

0x40 = Router PAN ID was changed by coordinator due to a conflict

0x42 = Network Watchdog timeout expired

0x80 through 0xFF = Stack error

Refer to the tables below for a filtered list of status codes that are

appropriate for specific devices.

EOF

8-bit Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

Modem status codes

Statuses for specific modem types are listed here.

XBee 802.15.4

0x00 = Hardware reset or power up

0x01 = Watchdog timer reset

0x02 = End device successfully associated with a coordinator

0x03 = End device disassociated from coordinator or coordinator failed to form a new network

0x06 = Coordinator formed a new network

0x0D = Voltage supply limit exceeded

0x3B = XBee 3 - Secure session successfully established

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

139

Operate in API mode

Frame descriptions

0x3C = XBee 3 - Secure session ended

0x3D = XBee 3 - Secure session authentication failed

0x32 = XBee 3 - BLE Connect

0x33 = XBee 3 - BLE Disconnect

0x34 = XBee 3 - No Secure Session Connection

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

Boot status

When a device powers up, it returns the following API frame:

7E 00 02 8A 00 75

Frame type

0x8A

Modem Status

0x00

Status

Hardware Reset

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140

Operate in API mode

Frame descriptions

Remote AT Command Response- 0x97

Request frame: Remote AT Command Request - 0x17

Description

This frame type is emitted in response to a Remote AT Command Request - 0x17. Some commands

send back multiple response frames; for example, the ND command. Refer to individual AT command

descriptions for details on API response behavior.

This frame is only emitted if the Frame ID in the request is non-zero.

Format

The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame

specifications.

Offset

Size

Frame Field Description

0

8-bit

Start

Delimiter

Indicates the start of an API frame.

1

3

4

16-bit

8-bit

Length

Number of bytes between the length and checksum.

Remote AT Command Response - 0x97

Frame type

Frame ID

Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a prior

request.

The sender's 64-bit address.

5

64-bit

source

address

Unused, but this field is typically set to 0xFFFE.

13

15

16-bit

Reserved

AT

command

The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command.

Status code for the host's request:

0x00 = OK

17

8-bit

Command

status

0x01 = ERROR

0x02 = Invalid command

0x03 = Invalid parameter

0x04 = Transmission failure

0x0C = Encryption error

If the host requested a command parameter change, this field

will be omitted.

If the host queried a command by omitting the parameter

value in the request, this field will return the value currently set

on the device.

18-n

EOF

variable

8-bit

Parameter

value

(optional)

Checksum

0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte

(between length and checksum).

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

141

Operate in API mode

Frame descriptions

Examples

Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For

brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded.

Set remote command parameter

Host set the NI string of a remote device to "Remote" using a Remote AT Command Request - 0x17.

The corresponding 0x97 Remote AT Command Response with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a

response:

7E 00 0F 97 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 12 7E 4E 49 00 51

Frame

type

64-bit

Frame ID source

AT

command

Command

Status

Reserved

Command data

0x97

0x27

0x0013A200

12345678

0x127E

0x4E49

0x00

(omitted)

Unused

Response

Matches

request

"NI"

Success

Parameter

changes return

no data

Transmission failure

Host queued the the PAN ID change of a remote device using a Remote AT Command Request - 0x17.

Due to existing network congestion, the host will retry any failed attempts.

The corresponding 0x97 Remote AT Command Response with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a

response:

7E 00 0F 97 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 49 44 04 EA

Frame

type

64-bit

Frame ID source

AT

command

Command

Status

Command

data

Reserved

0x97

0x27

0x0013A200

12345678

0xFFFE

0x4944

0x04

(omitted)

Unused

Response

Matches

request

"ID"

Transmission

failure

Parameter

changes return

no data

Query remote command parameter

Query the temperature of a remote device—.

The corresponding 0x97 Remote AT Command Response with a matching Frame ID is emitted with the

temperature value as a response:

7E 00 11 97 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 54 50 00 00 2F A8

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

142

Operate in API mode

Frame descriptions

Frame

type

64-bit

source

AT

command

Command

Status

Command

data

Frame ID

Reserved

0x97

0x27

0x0013A200

12345678

0x0013A200

12345678

0x4944

0x00

0x002F

Unused

Response

Matches

request

"TP"

Success

+47 °C

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

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Regulatory information

United States (FCC)

145

160

162

164

Europe (CE)

ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)

Australia (RCM)

South Korea

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Regulatory information

United States (FCC)

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules comply with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations.

Compliance with the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required.

To fulfill FCC Certification, the OEM must comply with the following regulations:

1. The system integrator must ensure that the text on the external label provided with this device

is placed on the outside of the final product.

2. RF Modules may only be used with antennas that have been tested and approved for use with

the modules.

OEM labeling requirements

WARNING! As an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) you must ensure that FCC

labeling requirements are met. You must include a clearly visible label on the outside of the

final product enclosure that displays the following content:

Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee-PRO S2C SMT RF Module

Contains FCC ID: MCQ-PS2CSM

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

conditions: (1.) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2.) this device must accept any

interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee S2C TH RF Module

Contains FCC ID: MCQ-S2CTH

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

conditions: (1.) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2.) this device must accept any

interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee-PRO S2C TH RF Module

Contains FCC ID: MCQ-PS2CTH

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

conditions: (1.) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2.) this device must accept any

interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

FCC notices

IMPORTANT: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules have been certified by the FCC for use with

other products without any further certification (as per FCC section 2.1091). Modifications not

expressly approved by Digi could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

IMPORTANT: OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators (FCC section 15.107

& 15.109) before declaring compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

IMPORTANT: The RF module has been certified for remote and base radio applications. If the module

will be used for portable applications, the device must undergo SAR testing.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection

against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

145

Regulatory information

United States (FCC)

radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may

cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference

will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be

determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the

interference by one or more of the following measures: Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna,

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver, Connect equipment and receiver to

outlets on different circuits, or Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

146

Regulatory information

United States (FCC)

RF exposure

If you are an integrating the XBee into another product, you must include the following Caution

statement in OEM product manuals to alert users of FCC RF exposure compliance:

CAUTION! To satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements for mobile transmitting devices, a

separation distance of 20 cm or more should be maintained between the antenna of this

device and persons during device operation. To ensure compliance, operations at closer than

this distance are not recommended. The antenna used for this transmitter must not be co-

located in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

FCC publication 996369 related information

In publication 996369 section D03, the FCC requires information concerning a module to be presented

by OEM manufacturers. This section assists in answering or fulfilling these requirements.

2.1 General

No requirements are associated with this section.

2.2 List of applicable FCC rules

This module conforms to FCC Part 15.247.

2.3 Summarize the specific operational use conditions

Certain approved antennas require attenuation for operation. For the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF

Module, see FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz).

Host product user guides should include the antenna table if end customers are permitted to select

antennas.

2.4 Limited module procedures

Not applicable.

2.5 Trace antenna designs

While it is possible to build a trace antenna into the host PCB, this requires at least a Class II

permissive change to the FCC grant which includes significant extra testing and cost. If an embedded

trace antenna is desired, select the XBee module variant with the preferred antenna.

2.6 RF exposure considerations

For RF exposure considerations see RF exposure and FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz).

Host product manufacturers need to provide end-users a copy of the “RF Exposure” section of the

manual: RF exposure.

2.7 Antennas

A list of approved antennas is provided for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules. See FCC-

approved antennas (2.4 GHz).

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

159

Regulatory information

Europe (CE)

2.8 Label and compliance information

Host product manufacturers need to follow the sticker guidelines outlined in OEM labeling

requirements.

2.9 Information on test modes and additional testing requirements

Contact a Digi sales representative for information on how to configure test modes for the XBee/XBee-

PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

2.10 Additional testing, Part 15 Subpart B disclaimer

All final host products must be tested to be compliant to FCC Part 15 Subpart B standards. While the

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 module was tested to be complaint to FCC unintentional radiator

standards, FCC Part 15 Subpart B compliance testing is still required for the final host product. This

testing is required for all end products, and XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 module Part 15 Subpart B

compliance does not affirm the end product’s compliance.

See FCC notices for more details.

Europe (CE)

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules (non-PRO variants) have been tested for use in several

European countries. For a complete list, refer to www.digi.com/resources/certifications.

If XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules are incorporated into a product, the manufacturer must

ensure compliance of the final product with articles 3.1a and 3.1b of the Radio Equipment Directive. A

Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in

the Radio Equipment Directive.

Furthermore, the manufacturer must maintain a copy of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module

user guide documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings,

antenna specifications, and/or installation requirements as specified in the user guide.

Maximum power and frequency specifications

For the through-hole device:

n

Maximum power: 9.82 mW (9.92 dBm) Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) at normal

condition.

n

Frequencies: 5 MHz channel spacing, beginning at 2405 MHz and ending at 2480 MHz.

For the surface-mount device:

n

Maximum power: 12.65 mW (11.02 dBm) EIRP.

n

Frequencies: 5 MHz channel spacing, beginning at 2405 MHz and ending at 2480 MHz.

CE and UKCA OEM labeling requirements

The CE and UKCA markings must be clearly visible and legible when you affix it to the product. If this

is not possible, you must attach these marks to the packaging (if any) or accompanying documents.

CE labeling requirements

The “CE” marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product. The following figure shows

CE labeling requirements.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

160

Regulatory information

Europe (CE)

The CE mark shall consist of the initials “CE” taking the following form:

n

If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged, the proportions given in the above graduated

drawing must be respected.

The CE marking must have a height of at least 5 mm except where this is not possible on

account of the nature of the apparatus.

The CE marking must be affixed visibly, legibly, and indelibly.

UK Conformity Assessed (UKCA) labeling requirements

See guidance/using-the-ukca-marking for further details.

You must make sure that:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

161

Regulatory information

ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)

n

if you reduce or enlarge the size of your marking, the letters forming the UKCA marking must

be in proportion to the version set out below

n

the UKCA marking is at least 5 mm in height – unless a different minimum dimension is

specified in the relevant legislation

the UKCA marking is easily visible, legible (from 1 January 2023 it must be permanently

attached)

the UKCA marking can take different forms (for example, the colour does not have to be solid),

as long as it remains visible, legible and maintains the required proportions.

Important note

Digi customers assume full responsibility for learning and meeting the required guidelines for each

country in their distribution market. Refer to the radio regulatory agency in the desired countries of

operation for more information.

Listen Before Talk requirement

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module must be configured to comply with the Listen Before Talk

(LBT) requirements in the EN 300 328 standard. This can be accomplished by one of the following

options:

1. Set the PL command to 3 (6 dBm) or lower, which ensures that the maximum transmitter

power is under the limit at which LBT is required.

or

2. Set the CA command as described in CA (CCA Threshold) to enable LBT at the required noise

threshold level.

Declarations of conformity

Digi has issued Declarations of Conformity for the XBee RF Modules concerning emissions, EMC, and

safety. For more information, see www.digi.com/resources/certifications.

Antennas

The following antennas have been tested and approved for use with the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4

RF Module:

All antenna part numbers followed by an asterisk (*) are not available from Digi. Consult with an

antenna manufacturer for an equivalent option.

n

Dipole (2.1 dBi, Omni-directional, Articulated RPSMA, Digi part number A24-HABSM)

n

PCB Antenna (0.0 dBi)

n

Monopole Whip (1.5 dBi)

ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)

Labeling requirements

Labeling requirements for Industry Canada are similar to those of the FCC. A clearly visible label on

the outside of the final product enclosure must display the following text:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

162

Regulatory information

ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)

For XBee S2C surface-mount

Contains Model XBee S2C Radio, IC: 1846A-XBS2C

The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B -

Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC

test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003.

For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount

Contains Model PS2CSM Radio, IC: 1846A-PS2CSM

The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B -

Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC

test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003.

For XBee S2C through-hole

Contains Model S2CTH Radio, IC: 1846A-S2CTH

The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B -

Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC

test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003.

For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole

Contains Model PS2CTH Radio, IC: 1846A-PS2CTH

The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B -

Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC

test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003.

Transmitters for detachable antennas

This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed

in the tables in FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) with the maximum permissible gain and required

antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a

gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this

device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.

Le présent émetteur radio a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types

d'antenne énumérés et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type

d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal

indiqué, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.

Detachable antenna

Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a

type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce

potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the

equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that necessary for successful

communication.

Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec

une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie

Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres

utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

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Regulatory information

Australia (RCM)

équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire àl'établissement d'une communication

satisfaisante.

Firmware Version Identification number (FVIN)

XBee S2C 802.15.4 firmware versions are 2xxx or 9xxx. FVIN can be read electronically by sending the

ATVR command to the device.

Australia (RCM)

XBee S2C 802.15.4 and XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 modules comply with requirements to be used in end

products in Australia and New Zealand. All products with EMC and radio communications must have

registered RCM and R-NZ marks. Registration to use the compliance mark will only be accepted from

Australia or New Zealand manufacturers or importers, or their agents.

In order to have a RCM or R-NZ mark on an end product, a company must comply with a or b below.

a. Have a company presence in Australia or New Zealand.

b. Have a company/distributor/agent in Australia or New Zealand that will sponsor the importing

of the end product.

Contact Digi for questions related to locating a contact in Australia and New Zealand.

South Korea

The low-power XBee S2C TH and XBee S2C devices have received South Korean approvals. To show

conformity to the certificate, you must add a label with the South Korean product information to the

XBee S2C 802.15.4 RF Module.

For the through-hole device, you can place the label on the reverse side.

Recommended label material: Abraham Technical (700342) MFG P/N TAAE-014250.

The label size is: 15.9 mm x 15.9 mm (0.625 in x 0.625 in)

The complete label information is as follows:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

164

Regulatory information

South Korea

The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall.

The text shown in the label is:

1. 모델명 : XBee S2C TH

2. 인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C-TH

3. 인증자상호 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC.

4. 제조자/제조국가 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC. / 미국

If the label size does not accommodate the required content, you can use abbreviated information, as

follows:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

165

Regulatory information

South Korea

The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall.

The text shown on the label is:

인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C-TH

For the surface-mount version, the label will overlay the existing product label.

CAUTION! By placing a label over the existing label, the certifications for Europe (CE),

Australia, New Zealand (RCM), and Japan will no longer apply.

Recommended label material: Abraham Technical TELT-000465.

The label size is: 15.9 mm x 20.3 mm (0.625 in x 0.8 in)

The complete label information is as follows:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

166

Regulatory information

South Korea

The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall.

The text shown in the label is:

1. 모델명 : XBee S2C

2. 인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C

3. 인증자상호 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC.

4. 제조자/제조국가 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC. / 미국

If the label size does not accommodate the required content, you can use the abbreviated

information, as follows:

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

167

Regulatory information

South Korea

The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall.

The text shown in the label is:

인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C

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168

Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices

Background

Load 802.15.4 firmware

170

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

169

Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices

Background

Our XBee/XBee-PRO ZB RF modules are built on the same hardware as the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C

802.15.4 RF Module. It is possible to load 802.15.4 firmware on existing ZB modules. The table below

shows which part numbers are compatible with 802.15.4 firmware.

Note Currently the 802.15.4 firmware is approved for use only in the United States, Canada, Europe,

Australia and Japan. You can find region-specific regulatory information for the firmware in Regulatory

information.

CAUTION! The antenna cable loss requirements for the 802.15.4 firmware are different than

the ZB firmware for gain antennas exceeding 2.1 dBi. If you migrate a ZB device to 802.15.4

firmware, and are using gain antennas, you must adhere to the cable loss requirements

found in Regulatory information.

XBee/XBee-PRO ZB S2C part numbers

Revision

Form factor Hardware version (HV)

XB24CZ7PIS-004

XB24CZ7RIS-004

XB24CZ7UIS-004

All

XBee SMT

0x22

XB24CZ7PIT-004

XB24CZ7SIT-004

XB24CZ7UIT-004

XB24CZ7WIT-004

All

XBee TH

0x2E

XBP24CZ7PIS-004

XBP24CZ7RIS-004

XBP24CZ7UIS-004

Rev L

XBee SMT

XBee TH

0x30

0x2D

(and later)

XBP24CZ7PIT-004

XBP24CZ7SIT-004

XBP24CZ7UIT-004

XBP24CZ7WIT-004

All

In addition to the differences between the 802.15.4 and Zigbee protocols, some of the operational

features are different between the two firmware versions. For example, the XBee-PRO 802.15.4

supports fewer channels than the Zigbee firmware. It is important that you read and understand this

user guide before developing with the 802.15.4 firmware.

Load 802.15.4 firmware

To load 802.15.4 firmware on an existing ZB module, use the following instructions. You must use the

serial interface to perform this update. The device does not support OTA updates for changing

802.15.4 to ZB firmware or vice versa.

1. Verify that your device's part number (listed on the label) is included in the list shown in

Background.

2. Install the device in a Digi development board and connect it to your PC.

3. The next steps involve loading firmware using XCTU. To download XCTU and read detailed

instructions about it, go to:

https://www.digi.com/products/xbee-rf-solutions/xctu-software/xctu

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170

Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices

Load 802.15.4 firmware

4. When you get to the Update firmware dialog box, in the Function set area, click the 802.15.4

option, and the newest firmware version.

5. Click Update and follow the instructions.

6. When the updating process successfully completes, your device runs 802.15.4 firmware. You

can change back to Zigbee firmware at any time by following the same process and selecting

the Zigbee firmware option instead.

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171

Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount

devices

We design the XBee surface-mount and through-hole devices to be compatible with each other and

offer the same basic feature set. The surface-mount form factor has more I/O pins. Because the XBee

device was originally offered in only the through-hole form factor, we offer this section to help you

migrate from the through-hole to the surface-mount form factor.

Pin mapping

Mount the devices

173

174

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172

Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices

Pin mapping

The following table shows the pin mapping for the surface-mount (SMT) pins to the through-hole (TH)

pins. The pin names are from the XBee S2C SMT device.

SMT Pin #

Name

TH Pin #

GND

1

VCC

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

DOUT

3

DIN/CONFIG

[Reserved]

RESET

4

5

6

PWM0/RSSI PWM

PWM1

7

8

[Reserved]

DI8/SLEEP_RQ/DTR

GND

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

SPI_ATTN /BOOTMODE

GND

SPI_CLK

SPI_SSEL

SPI_MOSI

SPI_MISO

[Reserved]

GND

[Reserved]

DIO4

11

12

13

14

DIO7/CTS

On/SLEEP

V

REF

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

173

Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices

Mount the devices

SMT Pin #

Name

TH Pin #

DIO5/ASSOC

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

15

16

17

18

19

20

DIO6/RTS

DIO3/AD3

DIO2/AD2

DIO1/AD1

DIO0/AD0

[Reserved]

GND

RF

[Reserved]

Mount the devices

One important difference between the SMT and TH devices is the way they mount to a printed circuit

board (PCB). Each footprint requires different mounting techniques.

We designed a footprint that allows you to attach either device to a PCB. The following drawing shows

the layout.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

174

Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices

Mount the devices

The round holes in the diagram are for the TH design, and the semi-oval pads are for the SMT design.

Pin 1 of the TH design is lined up with pad 1 of the SMT design, but the pins are actually offset by one

pad; see Pin mapping. By using diagonal traces to connect the appropriate pins, the layout will work

for both devices.

PCB design and manufacturing contains information on attaching the SMT device.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

175

PCB design and manufacturing

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module is designed for surface-mount on the OEM PCB. It has

castellated pads to allow for easy solder attach inspection. The pads are all located on the edge of the

module, so there are no hidden solder joints on these modules.

Recommended solder reflow cycle

Recommended footprint and keepout

Flux and cleaning

177

179

Rework

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

176

PCB design and manufacturing

Recommended solder reflow cycle

The following table provides the recommended solder reflow cycle. The table shows the temperature

setting and the time to reach the temperature; it does not show the cooling cycle.

Time (seconds)

Temperature (degrees C)

30

65

60

100

135

160

195

240

260

90

120

150

180

210

The maximum temperature should not exceed 260 °C.

The device will reflow during this cycle, and therefore must not be reflowed upside down. Take care

not to jar the device while the solder is molten, as this can remove components under the shield from

their required locations.

Hand soldering is possible and should be performed in accordance with approved standards.

The device has a Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) of 3. When using this product, consider the relative

requirements in accordance with standard IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.

In addition, note the following conditions:

a. Calculated shelf life in sealed bag: 12 months at < 40 °C and < 90% relative humidity (RH).

b. Environmental condition during the production: 30 °C /60% RH according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-

033C, paragraphs 5 through 7.

c. The time between the opening of the sealed bag and the start of the reflow process cannot

exceed 168 hours if condition b) is met.

d. Baking is required if conditions b) or c) are not met.

e. Baking is required if the humidity indicator inside the bag indicates a RH of 10% more.

f. If baking is required, bake modules in trays stacked no more than 10 high for 4-6 hours at

125 °C.

Recommended footprint and keepout

We recommend that you use the following PCB footprints for surface-mounting. The dimensions

without brackets are in inches, and those in brackets are in millimeters.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

177

PCB design and manufacturing

Recommended footprint and keepout

While the underside of the module is mostly coated with solder resist, we recommend that the copper

layer directly below the module be left open to avoid unintended contacts. Copper or vias must not

interfere with the three exposed RF test points on the bottom of the module (see below).

Furthermore, these modules have a ground plane in the middle on the back side for shielding

purposes, which can be affected by copper traces directly below the module.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

178

PCB design and manufacturing

Flux and cleaning

We recommend that you use a “no clean” solder paste in assembling these devices. This eliminates

the clean step and ensures that you do not leave unwanted residual flux under the device where it is

difficult to remove. In addition:

n

Cleaning with liquids can result in liquid remaining under the device or in the gap between the

device and the host PCB. This can lead to unintended connections between pads.

n

The residual moisture and flux residue under the device are not easily seen during an

inspection process.

Rework

CAUTION! Any modification to the device voids the warranty coverage and certifications.

Rework should never be performed on the module itself. The module has been optimized to give the

best possible performance, and reworking the module itself will void warranty coverage and

certifications. We recognize that some customers will choose to rework and void the warranty; the

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

179

PCB design and manufacturing

Rework

following information is given as a guideline in such cases to increase the chances of success during

rework, though the warranty is still voided.

The module may be removed from the OEM PCB by the use of a hot air rework station, or hot plate.

Care should be taken not to overheat the module. During rework, the module temperature may rise

above its internal solder melting point and care should be taken not to dislodge internal components

from their intended positions.

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide

180


型号：	XB8-DPPS-001
厂家：	ETC
描述：	RF TXRX MOD ISM<1GHZ TRACE ANT ISM频段
文件：	总180页 (文件大小：2660K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

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