HT46F49E(28SKDIP) [HOLTEK]
Microcontroller;
| 型号： | HT46F49E(28SKDIP) |
| 厂家： | 
HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC |
| 描述： | Microcontroller 时钟 LTE 微控制器 |
| 文件： | 总88页 (文件大小：656K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type 8-Bit MCU with EEPROM
Technical Document
·
Tools Information
·
FAQs
·
Application Note
-
HA0052E Microcontroller Application - Battery Charger
-
-
-
HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note
HA0123E HT48F MCU Series - Using C Language to Write to the 1K EEPROM Data Memory
HA0125E HT48F MCU Series - Using C Language to Write to the 2K EEPROM Data Memory
Features
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Operating voltage:
4 channels 8 or 9-bit resolution A/D converter
1 or 2 channel 8-bit PWM output shared with I/O lines
Bit manipulation instruction
f
f
f
SYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V
SYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V
SYS=12MHz: 4.5V~5.5V
Table read instructions
·
·
·
13 to 23 bidirectional I/O lines
63 powerful instructions
External interrupt input shared with an I/O line
All instructions executed in one or two machine
cycles
8-bit programmable Timer/Event Counter with over-
flow interrupt and 7-stage prescaler
·
·
Low voltage reset function
·
·
·
·
On-chip crystal and RC oscillator
Watchdog Timer function
Flash program memory can be re-programmed up to
100,000 times
PFD for audio frequency generation
·
EEPROM data memory can be re-programmed up to
1,000,000 times
Power down and wake-up functions to reduce power
consumption
·
·
·
·
Flash program memory data retention > 10 years
EEPROM data memory data retention > 10 years
ISP (In-System Programming) interface
Range of packaging types
·
·
Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock
at VDD=5V
4 or 6-level subroutine nesting
General Description
The Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type MCU with EEPROM
Devices are a series of 8-bit high performance RISC ar-
chitecture microcontrollers, designed especially for ap-
plications that interface directly to analog signals, such
as those from sensors. All devices include an integrated
multi-channel Analog to Digital Converter in addition to
one or two Pulse Width Modulation outputs. The usual
Holtek MCU features such as power down and wake-up
functions, oscillator options, programmable frequency
divider, etc. combine to ensure user applications require
a minimum of external components.
The benefits of integrated A/D and PWM functions, in
addition to low power consumption, high performance,
I/O flexibility and low-cost, provide these devices with
the versatility to suit a wide range of application possibil-
ities such as sensor signal processing, motor driving, in-
dustrial control, consumer products, subsystem
controllers, etc. Many features are common to all de-
vices, however, they differ in areas such as I/O pin
count, Program Memory capacity, A/D resolution, stack
capacity and package types.
Rev. 1.31
1
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Selection Table
Most features are common to all devices, the main feature distinguishing them are Program Memory capacity, I/O count,
A/D resolution, stack capacity and package types. The following table summarises the main features of each device.
Program
Memory
Data
Data
Package
Types
Part No.
HT46F46E
HT46F47E
HT46F48E
VDD
I/O
13
13
19
Timer
8-bit´1
8-bit´1
8-bit´1
Int.
3
A/D
PWM
Stack
Memory EEPROM
2.2V~
5.5V
16NSOP,
1K´14
2K´14
2K´14
64´8
64´8
88´8
128´8
128´8
128´8
8-bit´4 8-bit´1
9-bit´4 8-bit´1
9-bit´4 8-bit´1
4
6
6
18DIP/SOP
2.2V~
5.5V
16NSOP, 18DIP,
18SOP, 20SSOP
3
2.2V~
5.5V
24SKDIP/SOP,
24SSOP
3
24/28SKDIP,
24/28SOP,
24/28SSOP
2.2V~
5.5V
HT46F49E
4K´15
128´8
256´8
23
8-bit´1
3
9-bit´4 8-bit´2
6
Note: For devices that exist in two package formats, the table reflects the situation for the larger package.
Block Diagram
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Rev. 1.31
2
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Pin Assignment
P
A
3
/
P
F
D
P
A
4
/
/
T
I
M
R
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
P
P
P
A
A
A
A
4
5
6
7
/
T
I
M
R
P
P
A
A
2
1
P
A
5
N
T
P
A
3
/
P
F
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P
A
3
/
P
F
D
/
N
T
P
A
4
/
/
T
I
M
R
P
A
A
6
7
P
A
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
P
A
2
P
P
A
5
N
T
P
P
A
A
1
0
P
A
0
P
P
P
A
A
1
0
A
A
6
7
P
B
3
/
A
N
3
O
S
S
C
C
2
1
P
O
S
C
2
1
P
P
B
B
3
2
/
/
A
A
N
N
3
2
N
C
O
P
P
P
B
B
1
0
/
/
A
A
N
N
1
0
O
V
S
C
O
S
C
2
1
P
P
B
B
2
1
/
/
A
A
N
N
2
1
V
D
D
P
B
1
/
A
N
1
D
D
O
V
S
C
R
E
S
0
D
D
P
B
0
/
A
N
0
P
B
0
/
A
N
0
P
N
D
/
P
W
M
R
P
E
S
0
V
S
S
V
S
S
C
P
D
0
/
P
W
M
R
E
S
V
S
S
D
/
P
W
M
0
H
T
4
6
F
4
6
E
/
H
T
4
6
F
4
7
E
H
T
4
6
F
4
6
E
/
H
T
4
6
F
4
7
E
H
T
4
6
F
4
7
E
1
6
N
S
O
P
-
A
1
8
D
I
P
-
A
/
S
O
P
-
A
2
0
S
S
O
P
-
A
P
P
B
B
5
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
P
P
P
P
P
P
O
O
V
R
P
P
P
P
B
B
A
A
A
A
6
7
4
5
6
7
P
A
3
/
P
F
D
/
/
T
I
M
R
P
P
B
B
5
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
P
B
6
P
P
B
B
5
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
P
B
B
A
A
A
A
6
7
4
5
6
7
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
P
P
P
A
A
A
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
N
T
P
B
7
P
P
A
3
/
P
F
D
P
A
4
/
/
T
I
M
R
P
A
3
/
P
F
D
P
/
/
T
I
M
R
P
P
P
A
A
A
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
P
A
5
N
T
P
P
P
A
A
A
2
P
N
T
P
P
P
P
B
B
B
B
3
2
1
0
/
/
/
/
A
A
A
A
N
N
N
N
S
S
C
C
2
1
P
A
A
6
7
1
P
P
0
P
D
D
S
1
0
4
3
P
P
P
P
B
B
B
B
3
2
1
0
/
/
/
/
A
A
A
A
N
N
N
N
O
S
C
2
1
P
B
3
/
A
N
3
O
S
C
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
E
O
S
C
P
B
2
/
A
N
2
O
S
C
V
S
S
D
D
C
C
/
/
P
P
W
W
M
M
1
0
V
D
D
P
P
B
B
1
0
/
/
A
A
N
N
1
0
V
D
D
P
C
0
0
1
2
R
P
P
E
S
0
1
2
R
E
S
P
P
C
C
1
2
V
S
S
D
C
0
1
/
P
W
M
V
S
S
P
P
D
C
0
1
/
P
W
M
0
P
C
0
P
C
0
H
T
4
6
F
4
8
E
H
T
4
6
F
4
9
E
H
T
4
6
F
4
9
E
2
4
S
K
D
I
P
-
A
/
S
O
P
-
A
/
S
S
O
P
-
A
2
4
S
K
D
I
P
-
A
/
S
O
P
-
A
/
S
S
O
P
-
A
2
8
S
K
D
I
P
-
A
/
S
O
P
-
A
/
S
S
O
P
-
A
Rev. 1.31
3
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Pin Description
HT46F46E, HT46F47E
Configuration
Pin Name I/O
Description
Option
PA0~PA2
PA3/PFD
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be config-
ured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine
if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options deter-
Pull-high
Wake-up
PA4/TMR I/O
PA5/INT
PA3 or PFD mine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA3, PA4 and PA5 are
pin-shared with PFD, TMR and INT, respectively.
PA6~PA7
Bidirectional 4-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins
PB0/AN0
PB1/AN1
I/O
Pull-high
on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins. The
A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input,
the I/O function and pull-high resistor options are disabled automatically.
PB2/AN2
PB3/AN3
Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input.
Pull-high
PD0/PWM I/O
PD0 or PWM A configuration option determines if this pin has a pull-high resistor. The PWM out-
put is pin-shared with pin PD0 selected via a configuration option.
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, deter-
OSC1
OSC2
I
mined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system clock
Crystal or RC
O
option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at 1/4 fre-
quency.
RES
VDD
VSS
I
Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
Positive power supply
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
Note: 1. Each pin on PA can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function.
2. Individual pins can be selected to have a pull-high resistor.
3. Pins PB2/AN2~PB3/AN3 exist but are not bonded out on the 16-pin package.
4. Unbonded pins should be setup as outputs or as inputs with pull-high resistors to conserve power.
HT46F48E
Configuration
Pin Name I/O
Description
Option
PA0~PA2
PA3/PFD
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be config-
ured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine
if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options deter-
Pull-high
Wake-up
PA4/TMR I/O
PA5/INT
PA3 or PFD mine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA3, PA4 and PA5 are
pin-shared with PFD, TMR and INT, respectively.
PA6~PA7
PB0/AN0
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins
PB1/AN1
PB2/AN2 I/O
PB3/AN3
Pull-high
on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins. The
A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input,
the I/O function and pull-high resistor options are disabled automatically.
PB4~PB7
Bidirectional 2-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins
on the port have pull-high resistors.
PC0~PC1 I/O
PD0/PWM I/O
Pull-high
Pull-high
Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration option determines if this pin
I/O or PWM has a pull-high resistor. The PWM output is pin-shared with pin PD0 selected via a
configuration option.
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, deter-
Crystal or RC mined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system clock op-
tion is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at 1/4 frequency.
OSC1
OSC2
I
O
Rev. 1.31
4
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Configuration
Option
Pin Name I/O
Description
RES
VDD
VSS
I
Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
¾
¾
¾
Positive power supply
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
Note: 1. Each pin on PA can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function.
2. Individual pins can be selected to have a pull-high resistor.
HT46F49E
Configuration
Pin Name I/O
Description
Option
PA0~PA2
PA3/PFD
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be config-
ured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions deter-
mine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options
Pull-high
Wake-up
PA4/TMR
PA5/INT
I/O
I/O
PA3 or PFD determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA3, PA4 and PA5
are pin-shared with PFD, TMR and INT, respectively.
PA6~PA7
PB0/AN0
PB1/AN1
PB2/AN2
PB3/AN3
PB4~PB7
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which
Pull-high
pins on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins.
The A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D in-
put, the I/O function and pull-high resistor options are disabled automatically.
Bidirectional 5-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which
pins on the port have pull-high resistors.
PC0~PC4
I/O
I/O
Pull-high
Pull-high
Bidirectional 2-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration option determines if this pin
PD0/PWM0
PD1/PWM1
I/O or PWM has a pull-high resistor. The PWM output are pin-shared with pins PD0 and PD1
selected via a configuration option.
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, deter-
OSC1
OSC2
I
mined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system
Crystal or RC
O
clock option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at
1/4 frequency.
RES
VDD
VSS
I
Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
Positive power supply
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
Note: 1. Each pin on PA can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function.
2. Individual pins can be selected to have a pull-high resistor.
3. Pins PC2~PC4 and pin PD1/PWM1 exist but are not bonded out on the 24-pin package.
4. Unbonded pins should be setup as outputs or as inputs with pull-high resistors to conserve power.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
IOL Total ..............................................................150mA
Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW
Storage Temperature............................-50°C to 125°C
Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C
IOH Total............................................................-100mA
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may
cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed
in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.
Rev. 1.31
5
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
D.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VDD
Conditions
fSYS=4MHz
2.2
3.3
4.5
¾
5.5
5.5
5.5
1.5
4
V
¾
¾
VDD
f
SYS=8MHz
SYS=12MHz
Operating Voltage
V
¾
f
V
¾
3V
5V
3V
5V
0.6
2
mA
mA
mA
mA
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC)
No load, fSYS=4MHz
ADC disable
IDD1
¾
0.8
2.5
1.5
4
¾
Operating Current
(RC OSC)
No load, fSYS=4MHz
ADC disable
IDD2
¾
Operating Current
No load, fSYS=8MHz
ADC disable
IDD3
5V
5V
4
5
8
mA
mA
¾
¾
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
Operating Current
No load, fSYS=12MHz
ADC disable
IDD4
10
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
3V
5V
3V
5V
5
10
1
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
mA
mA
mA
mA
Standby Current
(WDT Enabled)
ISTB1
No load, system HALT
No load, system HALT
Standby Current
(WDT Disabled)
ISTB2
2
Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR and INT
VIL1
0.3VDD
0
V
V
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Input High Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR and INT
VIH1
0.7VDD
VDD
VIL2
VIH2
0.4VDD
VDD
2.22
3.32
4.42
¾
Input Low Voltage (RES)
Input High Voltage (RES)
0
V
V
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
0.9VDD
1.98
¾
LVR enable, 2.1V option
2.10
3.15
4.20
8
V
¾
VLVR
Low Voltage Reset Voltage
LVR enable, 3.15V option 2.98
V
¾
LVR enable, 4.2V option
OL=0.1VDD
VOL=0.1VDD
3.98
4
V
¾
V
3V
5V
3V
5V
3V
5V
¾
mA
mA
mA
mA
kW
kW
V
IOL
I/O Port Sink Current
I/O Port Source Current
Pull-high Resistance
10
-2
-5
20
10
0
20
¾
V
OH=0.9VDD
OH=0.9VDD
-4
¾
IOH
V
-10
60
¾
100
50
¾
RPH
30
¾
¾
¾
VAD
EAD
VDD
A/D Input Voltage
¾
A/D Conversion Error
LSB
mA
mA
¾
¾
¾
¾
±0.5
0.5
1.5
±1
1
3V
5V
Additional Power Consumption
if A/D Converter is Used
IADC
¾
3
Rev. 1.31
6
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
A.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VDD
Conditions
2.2V~5.5V
400
400
400
0
4000
8000
12000
4000
8000
12000
180
130
¾
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
¾
¾
fSYS
System Clock
3.3V~5.5V
4.5V~5.5V
2.2V~5.5V
3.3V~5.5V
4.5V~5.5V
¾
¾
¾
Timer I/P Frequency
(TMR)
fTIMER
0
¾
¾
0
¾
3V
5V
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
32
1
90
65
¾
¾
ms
ms
tWDTOSC
Watchdog Oscillator Period
¾
tRES
tSST
tLVR
tINT
External Reset Low Pulse Width
System Start-up Timer Period
Low Voltage Reset Time
¾
ms
*tSYS
Wake-up from HALT
1024
1
¾
¾
0.25
1
2
ms
ms
ms
¾
¾
¾
Interrupt Pulse Width
¾
¾
tAD1
0.5
A/D Clock Period - HT46F46E
¾
¾
A/D Clock Period -
tAD2
1
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
64
76
32
32
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
ms
HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
tADC1
tADC2
tADCS1
tADCS2
tAD1
tAD2
tAD1
tAD2
A/D Conversion Time - HT46F46E
¾
¾
¾
¾
A/D Conversion Time -
HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
A/D Sampling Time - HT46F46E
A/D Sampling Time -
HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Note: *tSYS=1/fSYS
Rev. 1.31
7
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
EEPROM A.C. Characteristics
VCC=5V±10%
Min. Max.
VCC=2.2V±10%
Symbol
Parameter
Unit
Min.
0
Max.
1
fSK
Clock Frequency
SK High Time
0
2
MHz
ns
tSKH
tSKL
tCSS
tCSH
tCDS
tDIS
tDIH
tPD1
tPD0
tSV
250
250
50
500
500
100
0
¾
¾
¾
SK Low Time
ns
¾
CS Setup Time
CS Hold Time
ns
¾
¾
0
ns
¾
¾
CS Deselect Time
DI Setup Time
DI Hold Time
250
100
100
¾
250
200
200
ns
¾
¾
ns
¾
¾
ns
¾
¾
250
250
250
5
500
500
250
5
ns
DO Delay to ²1²
DO Delay to ²0²
Status Valid Time
Write Cycle Time
¾
¾
¾
¾
ns
¾
ns
¾
tPR
ms
¾
Rev. 1.31
8
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
System Architecture
A key factor in the high-performance features of the
Holtek range of Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type with
EEPROM microcontrollers is attributed to the internal
system architecture. The range of devices take advan-
tage of the usual features found within RISC
microcontrollers providing increased speed of operation
and enhanced performance. The pipelining scheme is
implemented in such a way that instruction fetching and
instruction execution are overlapped, hence instructions
are effectively executed in one cycle, with the exception
of branch or call instructions. An 8-bit wide ALU is used
in practically all operations of the instruction set. It car-
ries out arithmetic operations, logic operations, rotation,
increment, decrement, branch decisions, etc. The inter-
nal data path is simplified by moving data through the
Accumulator and the ALU. Certain internal registers are
implemented in the Data Memory and can be directly or
indirectly addressed. The simple addressing methods of
these registers along with additional architectural fea-
tures ensure that a minimum of external components is
required to provide a functional I/O and A/D control sys-
tem with maximum reliability and flexibility. This makes
these devices suitable for low-cost, high-volume pro-
duction for controller applications requiring from 1K up
to 4K words of Program Memory and 64 to 128 bytes of
Data Memory storage.
Clocking and Pipelining
The main system clock, derived from either a Crys-
tal/Resonator or RC oscillator is subdivided into four in-
ternally generated non-overlapping clocks, T1~T4. The
Program Counter is incremented at the beginning of the
T1 clock during which time a new instruction is fetched.
The remaining T2~T4 clocks carry out the decoding and
execution functions. In this way, one T1~T4 clock cycle
forms one instruction cycle. Although the fetching and
execution of instructions takes place in consecutive in-
struction cycles, the pipelining structure of the
microcontroller ensures that instructions are effectively
executed in one instruction cycle. The exception to this
are instructions where the contents of the Program
Counter are changed, such as subroutine calls or
jumps, in which case the instruction will take one more
instruction cycle to execute.
When the RC oscillator is used, OSC2 is freed for use as
a T1 phase clock synchronizing pin. This T1 phase clock
has a frequency of fSYS/4 with a 1:3 high/low duty cycle.
For instructions involving branches, such as jump or call
instructions, two machine cycles are required to com-
plete instruction execution. An extra cycle is required as
the program takes one cycle to first obtain the actual
jump or call address and then another cycle to actually
execute the branch. The requirement for this extra cycle
should be taken into account by programmers in timing
sensitive applications
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Instruction Fetching
Rev. 1.31
9
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Program Counter
met, the next instruction, which has already been
fetched during the present instruction execution, is dis-
During program execution, the Program Counter is used
to keep track of the address of the next instruction to be
executed. It is automatically incremented by one each
time an instruction is executed except for instructions,
such as ²JMP² or ²CALL² that demand a jump to a
non-consecutive Program Memory address. For the
Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type with EEPROM series of
microcontrollers, note that the Program Counter width
varies with the Program Memory capacity depending
upon which device is selected. However, it must be
noted that only the lower 8 bits, known as the Program
Counter Low Register, are directly addressable by user.
carded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the cor-
rect instruction is obtained.
The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the
Program Counter Low register or PCL, is available for
program control and is a readable and writable register.
By transferring data directly into this register, a short
program jump can be executed directly, however, as
only this low byte is available for manipulation, the
jumps are limited to the present page of memory, that is
256 locations. When such program jumps are executed
it should also be noted that a dummy cycle will be in-
serted.
When executing instructions requiring jumps to
non-consecutive addresses such as a jump instruction,
a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the
microcontroller manages program control by loading the
required address into the Program Counter. For condi-
tional skip instructions, once the condition has been
The lower byte of the Program Counter is fully accessi-
ble under program control. Manipulating the PCL might
cause program branching, so an extra cycle is needed
to pre-fetch. Further information on the PCL register can
be found in the Special Function Register section.
Program Counter Bits
Mode
b11
0
b10
0
b9
0
b8
0
b7
0
b6
0
b5
0
b4
0
b3
0
b2
0
b1
0
b0
0
Initial Reset
External Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Timer/Event Counter
Overflow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
A/D Converter Interrupt
Skip
Program Counter + 2
Loading PCL
PC11 PC10 PC9 PC8 @7
@6
#6
@5
#5
@4
#4
@3
#3
@2
#2
@1
#1
@0
#0
Jump, Call Branch
Return from Subroutine
#11
#10
#9
S9
#8
S8
#7
S7
S11 S10
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Program Counter
Note: PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
@7~@0: PCL bits
#11~#0: Instruction code address bits
S11~S0: Stack register bits
For the HT46F49E, the Program Counter is 12 bits wide, i.e. from b11~b0.
For the HT46F47E and HT46F48E, the Program Counter is 11 bits wide, i.e. From
b10~b0, therefore the b11 column in the table is not applicable.
For the HT46F46E, the Program Counter is 10 bits wide, i.e. from b9~b0, therefore the b11 and
b10 the columns in the table are not applicable.
Rev. 1.31
10
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
·
Stack
Logic operations: AND, OR, XOR, ANDM, ORM,
XORM, CPL, CPLA
This is a special part of the memory which is used to
save the contents of the Program Counter only. The
stack can have either 4 or 6 levels depending upon
which device is selected and is neither part of the data
nor part of the program space, and is neither readable
nor writable. The activated level is indexed by the Stack
Pointer, SP, and is neither readable nor writable. At a
subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the con-
tents of the Program Counter are pushed onto the stack.
At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, sig-
naled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the Program
Counter is restored to its previous value from the stack.
After a device reset, the Stack Pointer will point to the
top of the stack.
·
Rotation RRA, RR, RRCA, RRC, RLA, RL, RLCA,
RLC
·
·
Increment and Decrement INCA, INC, DECA, DEC
Branch decision, JMP, SZ, SZA, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ,
SIZA, SDZA, CALL, RET, RETI
Flash Program Memory
The Program Memory is the location where the user
code or program is stored. For this device the Program
Memory is a Flash type, which means it can be pro-
grammed and reprogrammed a large number of times,
allowing the user the convenience of multiple code mod-
ifications on the same device. By using the appropriate
programming tools, this Flash memory device offer us-
ers the flexibility to conveniently debug and develop
their applications while also offering a means of field
programming.
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The Program Memory has a capacity of 1K by 14, 2K by
14 or 4K by 15 bits depending upon which device is se-
lected. The Program Memory is addressed by the Pro-
gram Counter and also contains data, table information
and interrupt entries. Table data, which can be setup in
any location within the Program Memory, is addressed
by separate table pointer registers.
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If the stack is full and an enabled interrupt takes place,
the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the ac-
knowledge signal will be inhibited. When the Stack
Pointer is decremented, by RET or RETI, the interrupt
will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow al-
lowing the programmer to use the structure more easily.
However, when the stack is full, a CALL subroutine in-
struction can still be executed which will result in a stack
overflow. Precautions should be taken to avoid such
cases which might cause unpredictable program
branching.
Special Vectors
Within the Program Memory, certain locations are re-
served for special usage such as reset and interrupts.
·
Location 000H
This vector is reserved for use by the device reset for
program initialisation. After a device reset is initiated, the
program will jump to this location and begin execution.
Note: For the HT46F46E, 4 levels of stack are avail-
able and for the HT46F47E,HT46F48E and
HT46F49E, 6 levels of stack are available.
·
Location 004H
This vector is used by the external interrupt. If the ex-
ternal interrupt pin on the device goes low, the pro-
gram will jump to this location and begin execution if
the external interrupt is enabled and the stack is not
full.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU
The arithmetic-logic unit or ALU is a critical area of the
microcontroller that carries out arithmetic and logic op-
erations of the instruction set. Connected to the main
microcontroller data bus, the ALU receives related in-
struction codes and performs the required arithmetic or
logical operations after which the result will be placed in
the specified register. As these ALU calculation or oper-
ations may result in carry, borrow or other status
changes, the status register will be correspondingly up-
dated to reflect these changes. The ALU supports the
following functions:
·
Location 008H
This internal vector is used by the Timer/Event Coun-
ter. If a counter overflow occurs, the program will jump
to this location and begin execution if the timer/event
counter interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full.
·
Location 00CH
This internal vector is used by the A/D converter.
When an A/D conversion cycle is complete, the pro-
gram will jump to this location and begin execution if
the A/D interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full.
·
Arithmetic operations: ADD, ADDM, ADC, ADCM,
SUB, SUBM, SBC, SBCM, DAA
Rev. 1.31
11
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
H
T
4
6
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Program Memory Structure
Look-up Table
Table Program Example
Any location within the Program Memory can be defined
as a look-up table where programmers can store fixed
data. To use the look-up table, the table pointer must
first be setup by placing the lower order address of the
look up data to be retrieved in the table pointer register,
TBLP. This register defines the lower 8-bit address of
the look-up table.
The following example shows how the table pointer and
table data is defined and retrieved from the HT46F47E
microcontroller. This example uses raw table data lo-
cated in the last page which is stored there using the
ORG statement. The value at this ORG statement is
²700H² which refers to the start address of the last page
within the 2K Program Memory of the HT46F47E
microcontroller. The table pointer is setup here to have
an initial value of ²06H². This will ensure that the first
data read from the data table will be at the Program
Memory address ²706H² or 6 locations after the start of
the last page. Note that the value for the table pointer is
referenced to the first address of the present page if the
²TABRDC [m]² instruction is being used. The high byte
of the table data which in this case is equal to zero will
be transferred to the TBLH register automatically when
the ²TABRDL [m]² instruction is executed.
After setting up the table pointer, the table data can be
retrieved from the current Program Memory page or last
Program Memory page using the ²TABRDC[m]² or
²TABRDL [m]² instructions, respectively. When these in-
structions are executed, the lower order table byte from
the Program Memory will be transferred to the user de-
fined Data Memory register [m] as specified in the in-
struction. The higher order table data byte from the
Program Memory will be transferred to the TBLH special
register. Any unused bits in this transferred higher order
byte will be read as ²0².
The following diagram illustrates the addressing/data
flow of the look-up table:
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e
T
a
b
l
e
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
H
i
g
h
B
y
t
e
Rev. 1.31
12
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
tempreg1 db
tempreg2 db
?
?
; temporary register #1
; temporary register #2
:
:
mov
mov
a,06h
tblp,a
:
:
; initialise table pointer - note that this address
; is referenced
; to the last page or present page
tabrdl
tempreg1
; transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
; to tempregl
; data at prog. memory address ²706H² transferred to
; tempreg1 and TBLH
dec
tblp
; reduce value of table pointer by one
tabrdl
tempreg2
; transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
; to tempreg2
; data at prog.memory address ²705H² transferred to
; tempreg2 and TBLH
; in this example the data ²1AH² is transferred to
; tempreg1 and data ²0FH² to register tempreg2
; the value ²00H² will be transferred to the high byte
; register TBLH
:
:
org
Dc
700h
; sets initial address of last page (for HT46F47E)
00Ah, 00Bh, 00Ch, 00Dh, 00Eh, 00Fh, 01Ah, 01Bh
:
:
Because the TBLH register is a read-only register and
cannot be restored, care should be taken to ensure its
protection if both the main routine and Interrupt Service
Routine use table read instructions. If using the table
read instructions, the Interrupt Service Routines may
change the value of the TBLH and subsequently cause
errors if used again by the main routine. As a rule it is
recommended that simultaneous use of the table read
instructions should be avoided. However, in situations
where simultaneous use cannot be avoided, the inter-
rupts should be disabled prior to the execution of any
main routine table-read instructions. Note that all table
related instructions require two instruction cycles to
complete their operation.
ifications to their programs on the same device. As an ad-
ditional convenience, Holtek has provided a means of
programming the microcontroller in-circuit. This provides
manufacturers with the possibility of manufacturing their
circuit boards complete with a programmed or un-pro-
grammed Flash Type microcontroller, and then program-
ming or upgrading the program at a later stage. This
enables product manufacturers to easily keep their manu-
factured products supplied with the latest program re-
leases without removal and re-insertion of the device.
Pin Name
PA0
Function
Serial data input/output
Serial clock
PA4
RES
Device reset
In Circuit Programming
VDD
Power supply
The provision of Flash Program Memory gives the user
and designer the convenience of easy upgrades and mod-
VSS
Ground
Table Location Bits
Instruction
b11
TABRDC[m] PC11 PC10 PC9
TABRDL [m]
b10
b9
b8
PC8
1
b7
@7
@7
b6
@6
@6
b5
@5
@5
b4
@4
@4
b3
@3
@3
b2
@2
@2
b1
@1
@1
b0
@0
@0
1
1
1
Table Location
Note: PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
@7~@0: Table Pointer TBLP bits
For the HT46F49E the Table address location is 12 bits, i.e. from b11~b0.
For the HT46F47E and HT46F48E, the Table address location is 11 bits, i.e. from b10~b0.
For the HT46F46E, the Table address location is 10 bits, i.e. from b9~b0.
Rev. 1.31
13
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
0
0
H
0
0
H
0
0
H
S
D
p
e
c
i
a
l
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p
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a
M
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a
M
e
m
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y
2
2
7
8
H
H
3
F
H
H
3
F
H
H
4
0
4
0
G
D
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r
a
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P
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7
F
H
7
F
H
H
T
4
6
F
4
6
E
a
n
d
H
T
4
6
F
4
7
E
H
T
4
6
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4
8
E
B
F
H
H
T
4
6
F
4
9
E
Data Memory Structure
Note:
Most of the Data Memory bits can be directly manipulated using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² with the excep-
tion of a few dedicated bits. The Data Memory can also be accessed through the memory pointer registers
MP0 and MP1.
The Flash device Program Memory and EEPROM
memory can both be programmed serially in-circuit us-
ing a 5-wire interface. Data is downloaded and uploaded
serially on a single pin with an additional line for the
clock. Two additional lines are required for the power
supply and one line for the reset. The technical details
regarding the in-circuit programming of the devices are
beyond the scope of this publication but will be supplied
in supplementary literature.
ory is located in Bank 0 which is also subdivided into two
sections, the Special Purpose Data Memory and the
General Purpose Data Memory. The start address of the
Data Memory for all devices is the address ²00H². Reg-
isters which are common to all microcontrollers, such as
ACC, PCL, etc., have the same Data Memory address.
Bank 1 of the RAM Data Memory contains only one spe-
cial function register, known as the EECR register which
is located at address ²40H² for all devices. This register
is used to access data from the EEPROM Data Memory.
C
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n
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c
t
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P
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V
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4
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V
S
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Bank 1 RAM Data Memory Structure
D
a
t
P
A
A
0
4
C
l
o
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k
P
R
General Purpose Data Memory
R
e
s
e
t
E
S
All microcontroller programs require an area of
read/write memory where temporary data can be stored
and retrieved for use later. It is this area of RAM memory
that is known as General Purpose Data Memory. This
area of Data Memory is fully accessible by the user pro-
gram for both read and write operations. By using the
²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions individual bits
can be set or reset under program control giving the
user a large range of flexibility for bit manipulation in the
Data Memory.
In-circuit Programming Interface
RAM Data Memory
The Data Memory is a volatile area of 8-bit wide RAM
internal memory and is the location where temporary in-
formation is stored. Divided into two sections, the first of
these is an area of RAM where special function registers
are located. These registers have fixed locations and
are necessary for correct operation of the device. Many
of these registers can be read from and written to di-
rectly under program control, however, some remain
protected from user manipulation. The second area of
Data Memory is reserved for general purpose use. All
locations within this area are read and write accessible
under program control.
Special Purpose Data Memory
This area of Data Memory is where registers, necessary
for the correct operation of the microcontroller, are
stored. Most of the registers are both readable and
writable but some are protected and are readable only,
the details of which are located under the relevant Spe-
cial Function Register section. Note that for locations
that are unused, any read instruction to these addresses
will return the value ²00H².
Structure
The RAM Data Memory is subdivided into two banks,
known as Bank 0 and Bank 1, all of which are imple-
mented in 8-bit wide RAM. Most of the RAM Data Mem-
Rev. 1.31
14
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Special Function Registers
To ensure successful operation of the microcontroller,
certain internal registers are implemented in the Data
Memory area. These registers ensure correct operation
of internal functions such as timers, interrupts, etc., as
well as external functions such as I/O data control and
A/D converter operation. The location of these registers
within the Data Memory begins at the address 00H. Any
unused Data Memory locations between these special
function registers and the point where the General Pur-
pose Memory begins is reserved for future expansion
purposes, attempting to read data from these locations
will return a value of 00H.
Bank 0, while the IAR1 and MP1 register pair can ac-
cess data from both Bank 0 and Bank 1. As the Indirect
Addressing Registers are not physically implemented,
reading the Indirect Addressing Registers indirectly will
return a result of ²00H² and writing to the registers indi-
rectly will result in no operation.
Memory Pointer - MP0, MP1
For all devices, two Memory Pointers, known as MP0
and MP1 are provided. These Memory Pointers are
physically implemented in the Data Memory and can be
manipulated in the same way as normal registers pro-
viding a convenient way with which to address and track
data. When any operation to the relevant Indirect Ad-
dressing Registers is carried out, the actual address that
the microcontroller is directed to, is the address speci-
fied by the related Memory Pointer. MP0, together with
Indirect Addressing Register, IAR0, are used to access
data from Bank 0 only, while MP1 and IAR1 are used to
access data from both Bank 0 and Bank 1.
Indirect Addressing Register - IAR0, IAR1
The Indirect Addressing Registers, IAR0 and IAR1, al-
though having their locations in normal RAM register
space, do not actually physically exist as normal regis-
ters. The method of indirect addressing for RAM data
manipulation uses these Indirect Addressing Registers
and Memory Pointers, in contrast to direct memory ad-
dressing, where the actual memory address is speci-
fied. Actions on the IAR0 and IAR1 registers will result in
no actual read or write operation to these registers but
rather to the memory location specified by their corre-
sponding Memory Pointer, MP0 or MP1. Acting as a
pair, IAR0 and MP0 can together only access data from
For devices with 64 or 88 bytes of RAM Data Memory,
bit 7 of the Memory Pointer is not implemented. How-
ever, it must be noted that when the Memory Pointer for
these devices is read, bit 7 will be read as high.
The following example shows how to clear a section of four RAM locations already defined as locations adres1 to
adres4.
data .section ¢data¢
adres1
adres2
adres3
adres4
block
db ?
db ?
db ?
db ?
db ?
code .section at 0 ¢code¢
org 00h
start:
mov a,04h
; setup size of block
mov block,a
mov a,offset adres1
mov mp0,a
; Accumulator loaded with first RAM address
; setup memory pointer with first RAM address
loop:
clr IAR0
inc mp0
sdz block
jmp loop
; clear the data at address defined by MP0
; increment memory pointer
; check if last memory location has been cleared
continue:
The important point to note here is that in the example shown above, no reference is made to specific RAM ad-
dresses.
Rev. 1.31
15
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
H
T
4
6
F
4
6
E
H
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6
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4
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6
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4
6
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4
9
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
H
H
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H
H
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I
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1
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1
M
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M
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I
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1
I
A
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1
I
A
R
1
M
P
1
M
P
1
M
P
1
B
P
B
P
B
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B
P
A
C
C
A
C
C
A
C
C
A
C
C
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C
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F
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
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A
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2
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2
2
2
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3
4
5
6
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Special Purpose Data Memory
Bank Pointer - BP
The Data Memory is initialised to Bank 0 after a reset,
except for the WDT time-out reset in the Power Down
Mode, in which case, the Data Memory bank remains
unaffected. It should be noted that Special Function
Data Memory is not affected by the bank selection,
which means that the Special Function Registers can be
accessed from within either Bank 0 or Bank 1. Directly
addressing the Data Memory will always result in Bank 0
being accessed irrespective of the value of the Bank
Pointer.
The RAM Data Memory is divided into two Banks,
known as Bank 0 and Bank 1. With the exception of the
EECR register, all of the Special Purpose Registers and
General Purpose Registers are contained in Bank 0.
Bank 1 contains only one register, which is the
EEPROM Control Register, known as EECR. Selecting
the required Data Memory area is achieved using the
Bank Pointer. If data in Bank 0 is to be accessed, then
the BP register must be loaded with the value ²00²,
while if data in Bank 1 is to be accessed, then the BP
register must be loaded with the value ²01².
Accumulator - ACC
The Accumulator is central to the operation of any
microcontroller and is closely related with operations
carried out by the ALU. The Accumulator is the place
where all intermediate results from the ALU are stored.
Without the Accumulator it would be necessary to write
the result of each calculation or logical operation such
as addition, subtraction, shift, etc., to the Data Memory
resulting in higher programming and timing overheads.
Data transfer operations usually involve the temporary
storage function of the Accumulator; for example, when
Using Memory Pointer MP0 and Indirect Addressing
Register IAR0 will always access data from Bank 0, irre-
spective of the value of the Bank Pointer. The EECR
register is located at memory location 40H in Bank 1 and
can only be accessed indirectly using memory pointer
MP1 and the indirect addressing register, IAR1, after the
BP register has first been loaded with the value ²01².
Data can only be read from or written to the EEPROM
via this register.
Rev. 1.31
16
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
b
7
b
0
B
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Bank Pointer
b
7
b
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T
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"
0
"
Status Register
transferring data between one user defined register and
another, it is necessary to do this by passing the data
through the Accumulator as no direct transfer between
two registers is permitted.
ment flags are used to record the status and operation of
the microcontroller.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the
status register can be altered by instructions like most
other registers. Any data written into the status register
will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition, opera-
tions related to the status register may give different re-
sults due to the different instruction operations. The TO
flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT
time-out or by executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² in-
struction. The PDF flag is affected only by executing the
²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or during a system
power-up.
Program Counter Low Register - PCL
To provide additional program control functions, the low
byte of the Program Counter is made accessible to pro-
grammers by locating it within the Special Purpose area
of the Data Memory. By manipulating this register, direct
jumps to other program locations are easily imple-
mented. Loading a value directly into this PCL register
will cause a jump to the specified Program Memory lo-
cation, however, as the register is only 8-bit wide, only
jumps within the current Program Memory page are per-
mitted. When such operations are used, note that a
dummy cycle will be inserted.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of
the latest operations.
¨
C is set if an operation results in a carry during an
addition operation or if a borrow does not take place
during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is
cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry
instruction.
Look-up Table Registers - TBLP, TBLH
These two special function registers are used to control
operation of the look-up table which is stored in the Pro-
gram Memory. TBLP is the table pointer and indicates
the location where the table data is located. Its value
must be setup before any table read commands are ex-
ecuted. Its value can be changed, for example using the
²INC² or ²DEC² instructions, allowing for easy table data
pointing and reading. TBLH is the location where the
high order byte of the table data is stored after a table
read data instruction has been executed. Note that the
lower order table data byte is transferred to a user de-
fined location.
¨
AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the
low nibbles in addition, or no borrow from the high
nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise
AC is cleared.
¨
Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logical opera-
tion is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.
¨
OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the
highest-order bit but not a carry out of the high-
est-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.
¨
PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing
Status Register - STATUS
the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing
the ²HALT² instruction.
This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag
(C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power
down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO).
These arithmetic/logical operation and system manage-
¨
TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing
the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by
a WDT time-out.
Rev. 1.31
17
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or execut-
setup the control registers to specify which pins are out-
puts and which are inputs before reading data from or
writing data to the I/O ports. One flexible feature of these
registers is the ability to directly program single bits us-
ing the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. The
ability to change I/O pins from output to input and vice
versa by manipulating specific bits of the I/O control reg-
isters during normal program operation is a useful fea-
ture of these devices.
ing a subroutine call, the status register will not be
pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of
the status registers are important and if the subroutine
can corrupt the status register, precautions must be
taken to correctly save it.
Interrupt Control Register - INTC
This 8-bit register, known as the INTC register, controls
the operation of both external and internal timer inter-
rupts. By setting various bits within this register using
standard bit manipulation instructions, the enable/disable
function of each interrupt can be independently con-
trolled. A master interrupt bit within this register, the EMI
bit, acts like a global enable/disable and is used to set all
of the interrupt enable bits on or off. This bit is cleared
when an interrupt routine is entered to disable further in-
terrupt and is set by executing the ²RETI² instruction.
Pulse Width Modulator Registers -
PWM, PWM0, PWM1
Each device in the Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type with
EEPROM microcontroller range contains either one or two
Pulse Width Modulators. Each one has its own related in-
dependent control register. For devices with a single PWM
function this is register is known as PWM, while for devices
with two PWM functions, their control register names are
PWM0 and PWM1. The 8-bit contents of these registers,
defines the duty cycle value for the modulation cycle of the
corresponding Pulse Width Modulator.
Timer/Event Counter Registers - TMR, TMRC
All devices possess a single internal 8-bit count-up timer.
An associated register known as TMR is the location
where the timer¢s 8-bit value is located. This register can
also be preloaded with fixed data to allow different time in-
tervals to be setup. An associated control register, known
as TMRC, contains the setup information for this timer,
which determines in what mode the timer is to be used as
well as containing the timer on/off control function.
A/D Converter Registers -
ADR, ADRL, ADRH, ADCR, ACSR
Each device in the Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type with
EEPROM microcontroller range contains a 4-channel
8-bit or 9-bit A/D converter. The correct operation of the
A/D requires the use of one or two data registers, a con-
trol register and a clock source register. For the
HT46F46E device, which has an 8-bit A/D converter,
there is a single data register, known as ADR. For the
other devices, which contain a 9-bit A/D converter, there
are two data registers, a high byte data register known
as ADRH, and a low byte data register known as ADRL.
These are the register locations where the digital value
is placed after the completion of an analog to digital con-
version cycle. The channel selection and configuration
of the A/D converter is setup via the control register
ADCR while the A/D clock frequency is defined by the
clock source register, ACSR.
Input/Output Ports and Control Registers
Within the area of Special Function Registers, the I/O
registers and their associated control registers play a
prominent role. All I/O ports have a designated register
correspondingly labeled as PA, PB, PC and PD. These
labeled I/O registers are mapped to specific addresses
within the Data Memory as shown in the Data Memory
table, which are used to transfer the appropriate output
or input data on that port. With each I/O port there is an
associated control register labeled PAC, PBC, PCC and
PDC, also mapped to specific addresses with the Data
Memory. The control register specifies which pins of that
port are set as inputs and which are set as outputs. To
setup a pin as an input, the corresponding bit of the con-
trol register must be set high, for an output it must be set
low. During program initialization, it is important to first
EEPROM Control Register - EECR
One special features of this device is that it contains an
area of internal EEPROM Data Memory. EEPROM,
which stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable
b
7
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EEPROM Control Register
Rev. 1.31
18
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Read Only Memory, is by its nature a non-volatile form
Bit
Label
EEPROM Function
No.
of memory, with data retention even when its power
supply is removed. By incorporating this kind of data
memory in the device a whole new host of application
possibilities are made available to the designer. The
availability of EEPROM storage allows information such
as product identification numbers, calibration values,
specific user data, system setup data or other product
information to be stored directly within the product
microcontroller.
0~3
4
¾
Not implemented bit, read as ²0²
CS
EEPROM Data Memory select
Serial Clock: Used to clock data into
and out of the EEPROM
5
6
SK
DI
Data Input: Instructions, address and
data information are written to the
EEPROM on this pin
Data Output: Data from the
EEPROM is readout with this bit. Will
be in a high-impedance condition if
no data is being read.
7
DO
EEPROM Data Memory
Dependent upon which device is chosen, the EEPROM
Data Memory capacity is either 128´8 bits or 256´8 bits.
Unlike the Program Memory and RAM Data Memory,
the EEPROM Data Memory is not directly mapped and
is therefore not directly accessible in same way as the
other types of memory. Instead it has to be accessed in-
directly through the EEPROM Control Register.
EECR Register EEPROM Control Bit Functions
When reading data from the EEPROM, the data will
clocked out on the rising edge of SK and appear on DO.
The DO pin will normally be in a high-impedance condi-
tion unless a READ statement is being executed. When
writing to the EEPROM the data must be presented first
on DI and then clocked in on the rising edge of SK. After
all the instruction, address and data information has
been transmitted, CS should be cleared to ²0² to termi-
nate the instruction transmission. Note that after power
on the EEPROM must be initialised as described.
Device
Except HT46F49E
HT46F49E
EEPROM Memory Capacity
128´8
256´8
EEPROM Data Memory Capacity
As indirect addressing is the only way to access the
EECR register, all read and write operations to this reg-
ister must take place using the Indirect Addressing Reg-
ister, IAR1, and the Memory Pointer, MP1. Because the
EECR control register is located in Bank 1 of the RAM
Data Memory at location 40H, the MP1 Memory Pointer
must first be set to the value 40H and the Bank Pointer
set to ²1².
Accessing the EEPROM Data Memory
The EEPROM Data Memory is accessed using a set of
seven instructions. These instructions control all func-
tions of the EEPROM such as read, write, erase, enable
etc. The internal EEPROM structure is similar to that of a
standard 3-wire EEPROM, for which four pins are used
for transfer of instruction, address and data information.
These are the Chip Select pin, CS, Serial Clock pin, SK,
Data In pin, DI and the Data Out pin, DO. All actions re-
lated to the EEPROM must be conducted through the
EECR register which is located in Bank 1 of the RAM
Data Memory, in which each of these four EEPROM
pins is represented by a bit in the EECR register. By ma-
nipulating these four bits in the EECR register, in accor-
dance with the accompanying timing diagrams, the
microcontroller can communicate with the EEPROM
and carry out the required functions, such as reading
and writing data.
t
C S S
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C D S
C
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S
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D
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Z
Clocking Data In and Out of the EEPROM
Rev. 1.31
19
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
EEPROM Data Memory Instruction Set
address information should then follow which is 7-bits
long for devices with a 128´8 capacity EEPROM, and
Control over the internal EEPROM, to execute functions
such as read, write, disable, enable etc, is implemented
through instructions of which there are a total of seven.
The related instruction is transmitted to the EEPROM
via the DI bit, after CS has first been set to ²1² to enable
the EEPROM and a start bit ²1² has been transmitted.
9-bits long for devices with a 256´8 capacity EEPROM.
The first two bits of this address is instruction dependant
as shown in the table while the remaining bits have don¢t
care values and can be either high or low.
After any write or erase instruction is issued, the internal
write function of the EEPROM will be used to write the
data into the device. As this internal write operation uses
the EEPROM¢s own internal clock, no further instruc-
tions will be accepted by the EEPROM until the internal
write function has ended. After power on and before any
instruction is issued the EEPROM must be properly in-
itialised to ensure proper operation.
For the READ, WRITE and ERASE instructions, each of
the three instructions has its own two bit related instruc-
tion code. The address should then be transmitted,
which in the case of devices with a 128´8 capacity
EEPROM is 7-bits. For devices with a 256´8 capacity
EEPROM, a 9-bit address is transmitted, however the
first bit is a dummy bit and can have any value. The ad-
dress is transmitted in MSB first format.
For the other four instructions, ²EWEN², ²EWDS²,
²ERAL² and ²WRAL², after the start bit has been trans-
mitted a ²00² instruction code should then follow. The
Instruction
Instruction
Function
Start Bit
Address
Data
Code
READ
ERASE
WRITE
EWEN
EWDS
ERAL
Read Out Data Byte(s)
Erase Single Data Byte
Write Single Data Byte
Erase/Write Enable
Erase/Write Disable
Erase All
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
A6~A0
A6~A0
D7~D0
¾
11
01
A6~A0
D7~D0
¾
00
11 XXXXX
00 XXXXX
10 XXXXX
01 XXXXX
00
¾
00
¾
WRAL
Write All
00
D7~D0
EEPROM Instruction Set Summary - Except HT46F49E
Instruction
Instruction
Function
Start Bit
Address
Data
Code
READ
ERASE
WRITE
EWEN
EWDS
ERAL
Read Out Data Byte(s)
Erase Single Data Byte
Write Single Data Byte
Erase/Write Enable
Erase/Write Disable
Erase All
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
X, A7~A0
X, A7~A0
D7~D0
¾
11
01
X, A7~A0
D7~D0
¾
00
11 XXXXXXX
00 XXXXXXX
10 XXXXXXX
01 XXXXXXX
00
¾
00
¾
WRAL
Write All
00
D7~D0
EEPROM Instruction Set Summary - HT46F49E
Rev. 1.31
20
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
READ
WRITE
The ²READ² instruction is used to read out one or more
bytes of data from the EEPROM Data Memory. To insti-
gate a ²READ² instruction, the CS bit should be set high,
followed by a high start bit and then the instruction code
²10², all transmitted via the DI bit. The address informa-
tion should then follow with the MSB being transmitted
first. For the HT46F49E device, a dummy bit must be in-
serted between the last bit of the instruction code and
the MSB of the address. After the last address bit, A0,
has been transmitted, the data can be clocked out, bit
D7 first, on the rising edge of the SK clock signal and
can be read via the DO bit. However, a dummy ²0² bit
will first precede the reading of the first data bit, D7. After
the full byte has been read out, the internal address will
be automatically incremented allowing the next consec-
utive data byte to be read out without entering further
address data. As long as the CS bit remains high, data
bit D7 of the next address will automatically follow data
bit D0 of the previous address with no dummy ²0² being
inserted between them. The address will keep incre-
menting in this way until CS returns to a low value. DO
will normally be in a high impedance condition until the
²READ² instruction is executed. Note that as the
²READ² instruction is not affected by the condition of the
²EWEN² or ²EWDS² instruction, the READ command is
always valid and independent of these two instructions.
The ²WRITE² instruction is used to write a single byte of
data into the EEPROM. To instigate a WRITE instruc-
tion, the CS bit should be set high, followed by a high
start bit and then the instruction code ²01², all transmit-
ted via the DI bit. The address information should then
follow with the MSB bit being transmitted first. After the
last address bit, A0, has been transmitted, the data can
be immediately transmitted MSB first. For the
HT46F49E device, a dummy bit must be inserted be-
tween the last bit of the instruction code and the MSB of
the address. After all the WRITE instruction code, ad-
dress and data have been transmitted, the data will be
written into the EEPROM when the CS bit is cleared to
zero. The EEPROM does this by executing an internal
write-cycle, which will first erase and then write the pre-
viously transmitted data byte into the EEPROM. This
process takes place internally using the EEPROM¢s
own internal clock and does not require any action from
the SK clock. No further instructions can be accepted by
the EEPROM until this internal write-cycle has finished.
To determine when the write cycle has ended, CS
should be again brought high and the DO bit polled. If
DO is low this indicates that the internal write-cycle is
still in progress, however, the DO bit will change to a
high value when the internal write-cycle has ended. Be-
fore a ²WRITE² instruction is transmitted an ²EWEN² in-
struction must have been transmitted at some point
earlier to ensure that the erase/write function of the
EEPROM is enabled.
t
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READ Timing - Except HT46F49E
t
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7
A
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.
READ Timing - HT46F49E
Rev. 1.31
21
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
t
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6
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P R
WRITE Timing - Except HT46F49E
t
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d
b
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A
7
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P R
WRITE Timing - HT46F49E
C
S
S
t
a
n
d
b
y
S
K
D
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1
0
0
E
W
E
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=
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1
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t
a
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t
´
X X X X X - - 5 - b i t f o r 1 2 8 8 E E P R O M
E
W
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S
=
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0
´
X X X X X X X - - 7 - b i t f o r 2 5 6 8 E E P R O M
EWEN/EWDS Timing
EWEN/EWDS
ERAL
The ²EWEN² instruction is the Erase/Write Enable in-
struction and the ²EWDS² instruction is the Erase/Write
Disable instruction. To instigate an ²EWEN² or ²EWDS²
instruction, the CS bit should first be set high, followed
by a high start bit and then the instruction code ²00². For
the ²EWEN² instruction, a ²11² should then be transmit-
ted and for the ²EWDS² instruction a ²00² should be
transmitted. Following on from this, and depending on
whether the internal EEPROM has a 128´8 or 256´8
capacity, either 5-bits or 7-bits respectively, of
²don¢t-care² data should then be transmitted to com-
plete the instruction. If the device is already in the Erase
Write Disable mode then no write or erase operations
can be executed thus protecting the internal EEPROM
data. Before any write or erase instruction is executed
an ²EWEN² instruction must be issued. After the
²EWEN² instruction is executed, the device will remain
in the Erase Write Enable mode until a subsequent
²EWDS² instruction is issued or until the device is pow-
ered down.
The ²ERAL² instruction is used to erase the whole con-
tents of the EEPROM memory. After it has been exe-
cuted all the data in the EEPROM will be set to ²1². To
instigate this instruction, the CS bit should be set high,
followed by a high start bit and then the instruction code
²00². Following on from this, a ²10² should then be
transmitted, and depending on whether the internal
EEPROM has a 128´8 or 256´8 capacity, this should be
followed by either 5-bits or 7-bits respectively, of
²don¢t-care² data to complete the instruction. After the
²ERAL² instruction code has been transmitted, the
EEPROM data will be erased when the CS bit is cleared
to zero. The EEPROM does this by executing an inter-
nal write-cycle. This process takes place internally using
the EEPROM¢s own internal clock and does not require
any action from the SK clock. No further instructions can
be accepted by the EEPROM until this internal write-cy-
cle has finished. To determine when the write cycle has
ended, CS should be again brought high and the DO bit
polled. If D0 is low this indicates that the internal
write-cycle is still in progress, however the D0 bit will
change to a high value when the internal write-cycle has
Rev. 1.31
22
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
t
C
D
S
V
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r
i
f
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a
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C
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S
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0
0
1
0
S
t
a
r
t
b
i
t
X
´
X X X X - - 5 - b i t f o r 1 2 8 8 E E P R O M
X
´
X X X X X X - - 7 - b i t f o r 2 5 6 8 E E P R O M
t
S
V
1
D
O
B
u
s
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R
e
a
d
y
t
P
R
ERAL Timing
t
C
D
S
V
e
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S
t
a
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d
b
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C
S
S
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1
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7
D
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X X X X X - - 5 - b i t f o r 1 2 8 8 E E P R O M
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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-
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6
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8
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R
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a
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P R
WRAL Timing
any previously written data making it unnecessary to
first issue an erase instruction.
ended. Before an ²ERAL² instruction is transmitted an
²EWEN² instruction must have been transmitted at
some point earlier to ensure that the erase/write function
of the EEPROM is enabled.
ERASE
The ²ERASE² instruction is used to erase data at a
specified addresses. The data at the address specified
will be set to ²1². To instigate an ²ERASE² instruction,
the CS bit should be set high, followed by a high start bit
and then the instruction code ²11², all transmitted via the
DI bit. The address information should then follow with
the MSB bit being transmitted first. For the HT46F49E
device, a dummy bit must be inserted between the last
bit of the instruction code and the MSB of the address.
After all the ²ERASE² instruction code and address
have been transmitted, the data at the specified address
will be erased when the CS bit is cleared to zero. The
EEPROM does this by executing an internal write cycle
which will set all data at the specified address to ²1².
This process takes place internally using the
EEPROM¢s own internal clock and does not require any
action from the SK clock. No further instructions can be
accepted by the EEPROM until the write cycle has fin-
ished. To determine when the write cycle has ended, the
CS should be again brought high and the DO bit polled.
If the DO bit is low this indicates that the write-cycle is
still in progress, however, the DO bit will change to a
high value when the write-cycle has ended. Before an
²ERASE² instruction is transmitted, an ²EWEN² instruc-
tion must have been transmitted at some point earlier to
ensure that the erase/write function of the EEPROM is
enabled.
WRAL
The WRAL instruction is used to write the same data
into the entire EEPROM. To instigate this instruction, the
CS bit should be set high, followed by a high start bit and
then the instruction code ²00². Following on from this, a
²01² should then be transmitted, and depending on
whether the internal EEPROM has a 128´8 or 256´8
capacity, this should be followed by either 5-bits or 7-bits
respectively, of ²don¢t-care² data. The data information
should then follow with the MSB bit being transmitted
first. After the instruction code and data have been
transmitted, the data will be written into the EEPROM
when the CS bit is cleared to zero. The EEPROM does
this by executing an internal write-cycle. This process
takes place internally using the EEPROM¢s own internal
clock and does not require any action from the SK clock.
No further instructions can be accepted by the
EEPROM until this internal write-cycle has finished. To
determine when the write cycle has ended, CS should
be again brought high and the DO bit polled. If D0 is low
this indicates that the internal write-cycle is still in prog-
ress, however the D0 bit will change to a high value
when the internal write-cycle has ended. Before a
²WRAL² instruction is transmitted an ²EWEN² instruc-
tion must have been transmitted at some point earlier to
ensure that the erase/write function of the EEPROM is
enabled. The WRAL instruction will automatically erase
Rev. 1.31
23
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
t
C D S
V
e
r
i
f
y
S
t
a
n
d
b
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C
S
S
K
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1
1
1
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
1
A
0
S
t
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t
b
i
t
t
S V
1
B
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D
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a
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t
P R
ERASE Timing - Except HT46F49E
t
C
D
S
C
S
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S
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a
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1
1
1
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
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A
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B
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P
R
ERASE Timing - HT46F49E
Internal Write Cycle
high the DO bit will go low to indicated that the write cycle
is in progress. When the DO bit returns high this indicates
that the internal write cycle has ended and that the
EEPROM is ready to receive further instructions.
The write or erase instructions, ²WRITE², ²ERASE²,
²ERAL² or ²WRAL² will all use the EEPROM¢s internal
write cycle function. As this function is completely inter-
nally timed, the SK clock is not required. As the MCU has
no control over the timing of this write cycle, it must still
have some way of knowing when the internal write cycle
has completed. This is because, when the internal write
cycle is executing, the EEPROM will not accept any fur-
ther instructions from the MCU. The MCU must therefore
wait until the write cycle has finished before sending any
further instructions.
Initialising the EEPROM
After the MCU is powered on and if the EEPROM is to
be used, it must be initialised in a specific way before
any user instructions are transmitted. This is achieved
by first transmitting an EWEN instruction, then by issu-
ing a WRITE instruction to write random data to any sin-
gle address in the EEPROM. The initialisation
procedure can then be terminated by issuing an EWDS
instruction, however at this point, if actual user data is to
be imminently written to the EEPROM, this last step is
optional.
One way for the MCU to know when the write cycle has
terminated is to poll the DO bit after the CS bit has issued
a low pulse. The low going edge of this CS bit pulse will
initiate the internal write cycle, when the bit is returned
I
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Internal Write Cycle Busy Polling
Rev. 1.31
24
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
The following program example shows how to initialise the EEPROM after power-on:
mov
mov
mov
mov
Call
mov
mov
mov
mov
call
A,01h
BP,A
A,40h
MP1,A
EWEN
A, 7Fh
EEADDR, A
A, 55h
EEDATA, A
WRITE
; set to bank 1
; set MP1 to EECR address
; subroutine to run EWEN instructions
; subroutine to run WRITE instruction
; write 55h data to address 7Fh
; optional subroutine to run EWDS instruction
call
EWDS
EEPROM Program Examples
The following short programs gives examples of how to send instructions, read and write to the EEPROM. These pro-
grams can form a basis of understanding as to how the internal EEPROM memory is to be used to store and retrieve
data. The programs are for use with the HT46F49E device, which has the same capacity internal EEPROM memory of
256´8 bits. For the other devices, which have a smaller 128´8 bit EEPROM memory capacity, the dummy bit which is
inserted between the instruction code transmission and the address MSB, is not transmitted.
Example 1 - Definitions and Sending Instructions to the EEPROM
_CS EQU IAR1.4
_SK EQU IAR1.5
_DI EQU IAR1.6
_DO EQU IAR1.7
; EEPROM lines setup to have a corresponding
; Bit in the Indirect Addressing Register IAR1
; EEPROM can only be indirectly addressed using MP1
_EECR
EQU
40H
; Setup address of the EEPROM control register
; Address length - 8-bits for this device
; Data length - always 8-bits
C_Addr_Length EQU 8
C_Data_Length EQU 8
;
DATA .SECTION at 70h ¢DATA¢
EE_command DB
?
?
?
?
; Stores the read or write instruction information
; Store write data or read data address
; Store read or write data
ADDR
WR_Data
COUNT
;
DB
DB
DB
; Temporary counter
WriteCommand:
MOV A,3
; Write instruction code subroutine
; Read, write and erase instructions are 3 bits long
MOV COUNT,A
WriteCommand_0:
CLR _DI
; Prepare the transmitted bit
; Check value of highest instruction code bit
SZ
EE_command.7
SET _DI
SET _SK
CLR _SK
CLR
C
RLC EE_command
SDZ COUNT
; Get next bit of instruction code
; Check if last bit has been transmitted
JMP WriteCommand_0
CLR _DI
RET
Rev. 1.31
25
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Example 2 - Transmitting an Address to the EEPROM
WriteAddr:
MOV A,C_Addr_Length
; Write address subroutine
; Setup address length - 8 bits for HT46F49E device
MOV COUNT,A
SET _SK
CLR _SK
; Dummy bit transmission for HT46F49E only
; Not required for other devices
WriteAddr_0:
CLR _DI
SZ
SET _DI
ADDR.7
; Check value of address MSB
; Get next address bit
CLR
C
RLC ADDR
SET _SK
CLR _SK
SDZ COUNT
JMP WriteAddr_0
CLR _DI
; Check if address LSB has been written
RET
Example 3 - Writing Data to the EEPROM
WriteData:
MOV A,C_Data_Length
MOV COUNT,A
; Setup data length
WriteData_0:
CLR _DI
SZ WR_Data.7
SET _DI
; Check value of data MSB
CLR
C
RLC WR_Data
SET _SK
CLR _SK
; Get next address bit
SDZ COUNT
JMP WriteData_0
CLR _CS
; Check if data LSB has been written
; CS low edge initiates internal write cycle
; CS high edge allows DO to be used to indicate
; end of write cycle
SET _CS
SNZ _DO
JMP $-1
RET
; Poll for DO high to indicate end of write cycle
Example 4 - Reading Data from the EEPROM
ReadData:
MOV A,C_Data_Length
MOV COUNT,A
CLR WR_Data
; Setup data length
ReadData_0:
CLR
C
RLC WR_Data
SET _SK
SZ
_DO
; check value of data MSB
SET WR_Data.0
CLR _SK
SDZ COUNT
JMP ReadData_0
MOV A,WR_Data
RET
; check if LSB has been received
Rev. 1.31
26
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Input/Output Ports
Holtek microcontrollers offer considerable flexibility on
their I/O ports. With the input or output designation of ev-
ery pin fully under user program control, pull-high op-
tions for all ports and wake-up options on certain pins,
the user is provided with an I/O structure to meet the
needs of a wide range of application possibilities.
of the I/O ports is directly mapped to a bit in its associ-
ated port control register. For the I/O pin to function as
an input, the corresponding bit of the control register
must be written as a ²1². This will then allow the logic
state of the input pin to be directly read by instructions.
When the corresponding bit of the control register is
written as a ²0², the I/O pin will be setup as a CMOS out-
put. If the pin is currently setup as an output, instructions
can still be used to read the output register. However, it
should be noted that the program will in fact only read
the status of the output data latch and not the actual
logic status of the output pin.
Depending upon which device or package is chosen,
the microcontroller range provides from 13 to 23
bidirectional input/output lines labeled with port names
PA, PB, PC and PD. These I/O ports are mapped to the
RAM Data Memory with specific addresses as shown in
the Special Purpose Data Memory table. All of these I/O
ports can be used for input and output operations. For
input operation, these ports are non-latching, which
means the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of
instruction ²MOV A,[m]², where m denotes the port ad-
dress. For output operation, all the data is latched and
remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten.
Pin-shared Functions
The flexibility of the microcontroller range is greatly en-
hanced by the use of pins that have more than one func-
tion. Limited numbers of pins can force serious design
constraints on designers but by supplying pins with
multi-functions, many of these difficulties can be over-
come. For some pins, the chosen function of the
multi-function I/O pins is set by configuration options
while for others the function is set by application pro-
gram control.
Pull-high Resistors
Many product applications require pull-high resistors for
their switch inputs usually requiring the use of an exter-
nal resistor. To eliminate the need for these external re-
sistors, all I/O pins, when configured as an input have
the capability of being connected to an internal pull-high
resistor. These pull-high resistors are selectable via
configuration options and are implemented using a
weak PMOS transistor.
·
External Interrupt Input
The external interrupt pin INT is pin-shared with the
I/O pin PA5. For applications not requiring an external
interrupt input, the pin-shared external interrupt pin
can be used as a normal I/O pin, however to do this,
the external interrupt enable bits in the INTC register
must be disabled.
Port A Wake-up
·
External Timer Clock Input
Each device has a HALT instruction enabling the
microcontroller to enter a Power Down Mode and pre-
serve power, a feature that is important for battery and
other low-power applications. Various methods exist to
wake-up the microcontroller, one of which is to change
the logic condition on one of the Port A pins from high to
low. After a ²HALT² instruction forces the microcontroller
into entering a HALT condition, the processor will re-
main idle or in a low-power state until the logic condition
of the selected wake-up pin on Port Achanges from high
to low. This function is especially suitable for applica-
tions that can be woken up via external switches. Note
that each pin on Port A can be selected individually to
have this wake-up feature.
The external timer pin TMR is pin-shared with the I/O
pin PA4. To configure it to operate as a timer input, the
corresponding control bits in the timer control register
must be correctly set. For applications that do not re-
quire an external timer input, the pin can be used as a
normal I/O pin. Note that if used as a normal I/O pin
the timer mode control bits in the timer control register
must select the timer mode, which has an internal
clock source, to prevent the input pin from interfering
with the timer operation.
·
PFD Output
Each device contains a PFD function whose single
output is pin-shared with PA3. The output function of
this pin is chosen via a configuration option and re-
mains fixed after the device is programmed. Note that
the corresponding bit of the port control register,
PAC.3, must setup the pin as an output to enable the
PFD output. If the PAC port control register has setup
the pin as an input, then the pin will function as a nor-
mal logic input with the usual pull-high option, even if
the PFD configuration option has been selected.
I/O Port Control Registers
Each I/O port has its own control register PAC, PBC,
PCC and PDC, to control the input/output configuration.
With this control register, each CMOS output or input
with or without pull-high resistor structures can be re-
configured dynamically under software control. Each pin
Rev. 1.31
27
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
·
·
PWM Outputs
A/D Inputs
All devices contain one or two PWM outputs pin
shared with pins PD0 and PD1. The PWM output
functions are chosen via configuration options and re-
main fixed after the device is programmed. Note that
the corresponding bit or bits of the port control regis-
ter, PDC, must setup the pin as an output to enable
the PWM output. If the PDC port control register has
setup the pin as an input, then the pin will function as a
normal logic input with the usual pull-high option, even
if the PWM configuration option has been selected.
Each device has four A/D converter inputs. All of
these analog inputs are pin-shared with I/O pins on
Port B. If these pins are to be used as A/D inputs and
not as normal I/O pins then the corresponding bits in
the A/D Converter Control Register, ADCR, must be
properly set. There are no configuration options asso-
ciated with the A/D function. If used as I/O pins, then
full pull-high resistor configuration options remain,
however if used as A/D inputs then any pull-high resis-
tor options associated with these pins will be automat-
ically disconnected.
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PA4/PA5 Input/Output Ports
Rev. 1.31
28
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
V
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PB Input/Output Ports
Rev. 1.31
29
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
I/O Pin Structures
If these pins are setup as inputs they may oscillate and
increase power consumption, especially notable if the
The following diagrams illustrate the I/O pin internal
structures. As the exact logical construction of the I/O
pin may differ from these drawings, they are supplied as
a guide only to assist with the functional understanding
of the I/O pins.
device is in the Power Down Mode. It is therefore recom-
mended that any unbonded pins should be setup as out-
puts, or if setup as inputs, then they should be
connected to pull-high resistors.
Programming Considerations
Timer/Event Counters
Within the user program, one of the first things to con-
sider is port initialization. After a reset, all of the I/O data
and port control registers will be set high. This means
that all I/O pins will default to an input state, the level of
which depends on the other connected circuitry and
whether pull-high options have been selected. If the port
control registers, PAC, PBC, PCC and PDC, are then
programmed to setup some pins as outputs, these out-
put pins will have an initial high output value unless the
associated port data registers, PA, PB, PC and PD, are
first programmed. Selecting which pins are inputs and
which are outputs can be achieved byte-wide by loading
the correct values into the appropriate port control regis-
ter or by programming individual bits in the port control
register using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instruc-
tions. Note that when using these bit control instruc-
tions, a read-modify-write operation takes place. The
microcontroller must first read in the data on the entire
port, modify it to the required new bit values and then re-
write this data back to the output ports.
The provision of timers form an important part of any
microcontroller giving the designer a means of carrying
out time related functions. Each device contains an in-
ternal 8-bit count-up timer. With three operating modes,
the timers can be configured to operate as a general
timer, external event counter or as a pulse width mea-
surement device. The provision of an internal 8-stage
prescaler to the timer clock circuitry gives added range
to the timer.
There are two registers related to the Timer/Event
Counter, TMR and TMRC. The TMR register is the reg-
ister that contains the actual timing value. Writing to
TMR places an initial starting value in the Timer/Event
Counter preload register while reading TMR retrieves
the contents of the Timer/Event Counter. The TMRC
register is a Timer/Event Counter control register, which
defines the timer options, and determines how the timer
is to be used. The timer clock source can be configured
to come from the internal system clock source or from
an external clock on shared pin PA4/TMR.
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
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Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock
Source
P
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The internal timer¢s clock source can originate from ei-
ther the system clock or from an external clock source.
The system clock input timer source is used when the
timer is in the timer mode or in the pulse width measure-
ment mode. The internal timer clock also passes
through a prescaler, the value of which is conditioned by
the bits PSC0, PSC1 and PSC2.
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Read/Write Timing
Port A has the additional capability of providing wake-up
functions. When the device is in the Power Down Mode,
various methods are available to wake the device up.
One of these is a high to low transition of any of the Port
A pins. Single or multiple pins on Port A can be setup to
have this function.
An external clock source is used when the timer is in the
event counting mode, the clock source being provided
on pin-shared pin PA4/TMR. Depending upon the condi-
tion of the TE bit, each high to low, or low to high transi-
tion on the PA4/TMR pin will increment the counter by
one.
Note that some devices have different package types
which may result in some I/O pins not being bonded out.
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8-bit Timer/Event Counter Structure
Rev. 1.31
30
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Timer Register - TMR
Timer Control Register - TMRC
The TMR register is an 8-bit special function register lo-
cation within the special purpose Data Memory where
the actual timer value is stored. The value in the timer
registers increases by one each time an internal clock
pulse is received or an external transition occurs on the
PA4/TMR pin. The timer will count from the initial value
loaded by the preload register to the full count value of
FFH at which point the timer overflows and an internal
interrupt signal generated. The timer value will then be
reset with the initial preload register value and continue
counting. For a maximum full range count of 00H to FFH
the preload register must first be cleared to 00H. It
should be noted that after power-on the preload register
will be in an unknown condition. Note that if the
Timer/Event Counter is not running and data is written to
its preload register, this data will be immediately written
into the actual counter. However, if the counter is en-
abled and counting, any new data written into the
preload register during this period will remain in the
preload register and will only be written into the actual
counter the next time an overflow occurs.
The flexible features of the Holtek microcontroller
Timer/Event Counters enable them to operate in three
different modes, the options of which are determined by
the contents of the Timer Control Register TMRC. To-
gether with the TMR register, these two registers control
the full operation of the Timer/Event Counters. Before
the timer can be used, it is essential that the TMRC reg-
ister is fully programmed with the right data to ensure its
correct operation, a process that is normally carried out
during program initialisation.
To choose which of the three modes the timer is to oper-
ate in, the timer mode, the event counting mode or the
pulse width measurement mode, bits TM0 and TM1
must be set to the required logic levels. The timer-on bit
TON or bit 4 of the TMRC register provides the basic
on/off control of the timer, setting the bit high allows the
counter to run, clearing the bit stops the counter. Bits
0~2 of the TMRC register determine the division ratio of
the input clock prescaler. The prescaler bit settings have
no effect if an external clock source is used. If the timer
is in the event count or pulse width measurement mode
the active transition edge level type is selected by the
logic level of the TE or bit 3 of the TMRC register.
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Timer/Event Counter Control Register
Rev. 1.31
31
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Configuring the Timer Mode
mode, the second is to ensure that the port control regis-
ter configures the pin as an input. It should be noted that
In this mode, the timer can be utilised to measure fixed
time intervals, providing an internal interrupt signal each
time the counter overflows. To operate in this mode, bits
TM1 and TM0 of the TMRC register must be set to 1 and
0 respectively. In this mode, the internal clock is used as
the timer clock. The input clock frequency to the timer is
fSYS divided by the value programmed into the timer
prescaler, the value of which is determined by bits
PSC0~PSC2 of the TMRC register. The timer-on bit,
TON must be set high to enable the timer to run. Each
time an internal clock high to low transition occurs, the
timer increments by one. When the timer is full and over-
flows, the timer will be reset to the value already loaded
into the preload register and continue counting. If the
timer interrupt is enabled, an interrupt signal will also be
generated. The timer interrupt can be disabled by ensur-
ing that the ETI bit in the INTC register is cleared to zero.
It should be noted that a timer overflow is one of the
wake-up sources.
a timer overflow is one of the wake-up sources. Also in
the Event Counting mode, the Timer/Event Counter will
continue to record externally changing logic events on
the timer input pin, even if the microcontroller is in the
Power Down Mode. As a result when the timer over-
flows it will generate a wake-up and if the interrupts are
enabled also generate a timer interrupt signal.
Configuring the Pulse Width Measurement Mode
In this mode, the width of external pulses applied to the
pin-shared external pin PA4/TMR can be measured. In
the Pulse Width Measurement Mode, the timer clock
source is supplied by the internal clock. For the timer to
operate in this mode, bits TM0 and TM1 must both be
set high. If the TE bit is low, once a high to low transition
has been received on the PA4/TMR pin, the timer will
start counting until the PA4/TMR pin returns to its origi-
nal high level. At this point the TON bit will be automati-
cally reset to zero and the timer will stop counting. If the
TE bit is high, the timer will begin counting once a low to
high transition has been received on the PA4/TMR pin
and stop counting when the PA4/TMR pin returns to its
original low level. As before, the TON bit will be automat-
ically reset to zero and the timer will stop counting. It is
important to note that in the Pulse Width Measurement
Mode, the TON bit is automatically reset to zero when
the external control signal on the external timer pin re-
turns to its original level, whereas in the other two
modes the TON bit can only be reset to zero under pro-
gram control. The residual value in the timer, which can
now be read by the program, therefore represents the
length of the pulse received on pin PA4/TMR. As the
TON bit has now been reset any further transitions on
the PA4/TMR pin will be ignored. Not until the TON bit is
again set high by the program can the timer begin fur-
ther pulse width measurements. In this way single shot
pulse measurements can be easily made. It should be
noted that in this mode the counter is controlled by logi-
cal transitions on the PA4/TMR pin and not by the logic
level.
Configuring the Event Counter Mode
In this mode, a number of externally changing logic
events, occurring on external pin PA4/TMR, can be re-
corded by the internal timer. For the timer to operate in
the event counting mode, bits TM1 and TM0 of the
TMRC register must be set to 0 and 1 respectively. The
timer-on bit, TON must be set high to enable the timer to
count. With TE low, the counter will increment each time
the PA4/TMR pin receives a low to high transition. If the
TE bit is high, the counter will increment each time TMR
receives a high to low transition. As in the case of the
other two modes, when the counter is full and overflows,
the timer will be reset to the value already loaded into
the preload register and continue counting. If the timer
interrupt is enabled, an interrupt signal will also be gen-
erated. The timer interrupt can be disabled by ensuring
that the ETI bit in the INTC register is cleared to zero. To
ensure that the external pin PA4/TMR is configured to
operate as an event counter input pin, two things have to
happen. The first is to ensure that the TM0 and TM1 bits
place the timer/event counter in the event counting
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Event Counter Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.31
32
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
As in the case of the other two modes, when the counter
bit PA3 is set to ²1². This output data bit is used as the
on/off control bit for the PFD output. Note that the PFD
output will be low if the PA3 output data bit is cleared to
²0².
is full and overflows, the timer will be reset to the value
already loaded into the preload register. If the timer in-
terrupt is enabled, an interrupt signal will also be gener-
ated. To ensure that the external pin PA4/TMR is
configured to operate as a pulse width measuring input
pin, two things have to happen. The first is to ensure that
the TM0 and TM1 bits place the timer/event counter in
the pulse width measuring mode, the second is to en-
sure that the port control register configures the pin as
an input. It should be noted that a timer overflow is one
of the wake-up sources.
Using this method of frequency generation, and if a
crystal oscillator is used for the system clock, very pre-
cise values of frequency can be generated.
Prescaler
Bits PSC0~PSC2 of the TMRC register can be used to
define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock
sources of the Timer/Event Counter. The Timer/Event
Counter overflow signal can be used to generate signals
for the PFD and Timer Interrupt.
Programmable Frequency Divider - PFD
The PFD output is pin-shared with the I/O pin PA3. The
PFD function is selected via configuration option, how-
ever, if not selected, the pin can operate as a normal I/O
pin. The timer overflow signal is the clock source for the
PFD circuit. The output frequency is controlled by load-
ing the required values into the timer prescaler registers
to give the required division ratio. The counter, driven by
the system clock which is divided by the prescaler value,
will begin to count-up from this preload register value
until full, at which point an overflow signal is generated,
causing the PFD output to change state. The counter
will then be automatically reloaded with the preload reg-
ister value and continue counting-up.
I/O Interfacing
The Timer/Event Counter, when configured to run in the
event counter or pulse width measurement mode, re-
quire the use of the external PA4/TMR pin for correct op-
eration. As this pin is a shared pin it must be configured
correctly to ensure it is setup for use as a Timer/Event
Counter input and not as a normal I/O pin. This is imple-
mented by ensuring that the mode select bits in the
Timer/Event Counter control register, select either the
event counter or pulse width measurement mode. Addi-
tionally the Port Control Register PAC bit 4 must be set
high to ensure that the pin is setup as an input. Any
pull-high resistor configuration option on this pin will re-
main valid even if the pin is used as a Timer/Event
Counter input.
For the PFD output to function, it is essential that the
corresponding bit of the Port A control register PAC bit 3
is setup as an output. If setup as an input the PFD output
will not function, however, the pin can still be used as a
normal input pin. The PFD output will only be activated if
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PFD Output Control
Rev. 1.31
33
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Programming Considerations
the timer can be turned on and off by controlling the en-
able bit in the timer control register. Note that setting the
When configured to run in the timer mode, the internal
system clock is used as the timer clock source and is
therefore synchronized with the overall operation of the
microcontroller. In this mode when the appropriate timer
register is full, the microcontroller will generate an internal
interrupt signal directing the program flow to the respec-
tive internal interrupt vector. For the pulse width mea-
surement mode, the internal system clock is also used as
the timer clock source but the timer will only run when the
correct logic condition appears on the external timer input
pin. As this is an external event and not synchronized
with the internal timer clock, the microcontroller will only
see this external event when the next timer clock pulse
arrives. As a result, there may be small differences in
measured values requiring programmers to take this into
account during programming. The same applies if the
timer is configured to be in the event counting mode,
which again is an external event and not synchronized
with the internal system or timer clock.
timer enable bit high to turn the timer on, should only be
executed after the timer mode bits have been properly
setup. Setting the timer enable bit high together with a
mode bit modification, may lead to improper timer oper-
ation if executed as a single timer control register byte
write instruction.
When the Timer/Event counter overflows, its corre-
sponding interrupt request flag in the interrupt control
register will be set. If the timer interrupt is enabled this
will in turn generate an interrupt signal. However irre-
spective of whether the interrupts are enabled or not, a
Timer/Event counter overflow will also generate a
wake-up signal if the device is in a Power-down condi-
tion. This situation may occur if the Timer/Event Counter
is in the Event Counting Mode and if the external signal
continues to change state. In such a case, the
Timer/Event Counter will continue to count these exter-
nal events and if an overflow occurs the device will be
woken up from its Power-down condition. To prevent
such a wake-up from occurring, the timer interrupt re-
quest flag should first be set high before issuing the
HALT instruction to enter the Power Down Mode.
When the Timer/Event Counter is read, or if data is writ-
ten to the preload register, the clock is inhibited to avoid
errors, however as this may result in a counting error, this
should be taken into account by the programmer. Care
must be taken to ensure that the timers are properly in-
itialised before using them for the first time. The associ-
ated timer enable bits in the interrupt control register must
be properly set otherwise the internal interrupt associated
with the timer will remain inactive. The edge select, timer
mode and clock source control bits in timer control regis-
ter must also be correctly set to ensure the timer is prop-
erly configured for the required application. It is also
important to ensure that an initial value is first loaded into
the timer registers before the timer is switched on; this is
because after power-on the initial values of the timer reg-
isters are unknown. After the timer has been initialised
Timer Program Example
This program example shows how the Timer/Event
Counter registers are setup, along with how the inter-
rupts are enabled and managed. Note how the
Timer/Event Counter is turned on, by setting bit 4 of the
Timer Control Register. The Timer/Event Counter can
be turned off in a similar way by clearing the same bit.
This example program sets the Timer/Event Counter to
be in the timer mode, which uses the internal system
clock as the clock source.
org 04h
reti
; external interrupt vector
org 08h
jmp tmrint
:
; Timer/Event Counter interrupt vector
; jump here when Timer overflows
org 20h ; main program
;internal Timer/Event Counter interrupt routine
tmrint:
:
; Timer/Event Counter main program placed here
:
reti
:
:
begin:
;setup Timer registers
mov a,09bh
mov tmr,a;
mov a,081h
mov tmrc,a
; setup Timer preload value
; setup Timer control register
; timer mode and prescaler set to /2
; setup interrupt register
mov a,005h
mov intc,a
set tmrc.4
; enable master interrupt and timer interrupt
; start Timer - note mode bits must be previously setup
Rev. 1.31
34
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Pulse Width Modulator
Each microcontroller in the Cost-Effective A/D Flash
Type with EEPROM MCU series contains either one or
two Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) outputs. Useful for
such applications such as motor speed control, the
PWM function provides outputs with a fixed frequency
but with a duty cycle that can be varied by setting partic-
ular values into the corresponding PWM register.
the PWM cycle frequency and the PWM modulation fre-
quency should be understood. As the PWM clock is the
system clock, fSYS, and as the PWM value is 8-bits wide,
the overall PWM cycle frequency is fSYS/256. However,
when in the 7+1 mode of operation the PWM modulation
frequency will be fSYS/128, while the PWM modulation
frequency for the 6+2 mode of operation will be fSYS/64.
For devices with one PWM output, a single register, lo-
cated in the Data Memory is assigned to the Pulse Width
Modulator and is known as the PWM register. For de-
vices with two PWM outputs, two registers are provided
and are known as PWM0 and PWM1. It is here that the
8-bit value, which represents the overall duty cycle of
one modulation cycle of the output waveform, should be
placed. To increase the PWM modulation frequency,
each modulation cycle is subdivided into two or four indi-
vidual modulation subsections, known as the 7+1 mode
or 6+2 mode respectively. Each device can choose
which mode to use by selecting the appropriate configu-
ration option. When a mode configuration option is cho-
sen, it applies to all PWM outputs on that device. Note
that when using the PWM, it is only necessary to write
the required value into the appropriate PWM register
and select the required mode configuration option, the
subdivision of the waveform into its sub-modulation cy-
cles is done automatically within the microcontroller
hardware.
PWM
PWM
Cycle
PWM
Cycle
Duty
Modulation
Frequency
Frequency
f
f
SYS/64 for (6+2) bits mode
SYS/128 for (7+1) bits mode
f
SYS/256
[PWM]/256
6+2 PWM Mode
Each full PWM cycle, as it is controlled by an 8-bit PWM,
PWM0 or PWM1 register, has 256 clock periods. How-
ever, in the 6+2 PWM mode, each PWM cycle is subdi-
vided into four individual sub-cycles known as
modulation cycle 0 ~ modulation cycle 3, denoted as i in
the table. Each one of these four sub-cycles contains 64
clock cycles. In this mode, a modulation frequency in-
crease of four is achieved. The 8-bit PWM, PWM0 or
PWM1 register value, which represents the overall duty
cycle of the PWM waveform, is divided into two groups.
The first group which consists of bit2~bit7 is denoted
here as the DC value. The second group which consists
of bit0~bit1 is known as the AC value. In the 6+2 PWM
mode, the duty cycle value of each of the four modula-
tion sub-cycles is shown in the following table.
For all devices, the PWM clock source is the system
clock fSYS
.
PWM Output Register
Device
Channels
DC
Mode
Pins
Name
Parameter
AC (0~3)
i<AC
(Duty Cycle)
6+2 or PD0/
PWM0/
PWM1
HT46F49E
2
1
DC+ 1
7+1
PD1
PD0
64
Modulation cycle i
(i=0~3)
Other
6+2 or
7+1
PWM
DC
64
Devices
i³AC
6+2 Mode Modulation Cycle Values
This method of dividing the original modulation cycle
into a further 2 or 4 sub-cycles enable the generation of
higher PWM frequencies which allow a wider range of
applications to be served. As long as the periods of the
generated PWM pulses are less than the time constants
of the load, the PWM output will be suitable as such long
time constant loads will average out the pulses of the
PWM output. The difference between what is known as
The following diagram illustrates the waveforms associ-
ated with the 6+2 mode of PWM operation. It is impor-
tant to note how the single PWM cycle is subdivided into
4 individual modulation cycles, numbered from 0~3 and
how the AC value is related to the PWM value.
Rev. 1.31
35
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
S
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v
a
l
e
6+2 Mode Pulse Width Modulation Register
7+1 PWM Mode
DC
Parameter
AC (0~1)
i<AC
(Duty Cycle)
Each full PWM cycle, as it is controlled by an 8-bit PWM,
PWM0 or PWM1 register, has 256 clock periods. How-
ever, in the 7+1 PWM mode, each PWM cycle is subdi-
vided into two individual sub-cycles known as modulation
cycle 0 ~ modulation cycle 1, denoted as ²i² in the table.
Each one of these two sub-cycles contains 128 clock cy-
cles. In this mode, a modulation frequency increase of
two is achieved. The 8-bit PWM, PWM0 or PWM1 regis-
ter value, which represents the overall duty cycle of the
PWM waveform, is divided into two groups. The first
group which consists of bit1~bit7 is denoted here as the
DC value. The second group which consists of bit0 is
known as the AC value. In the 7+1 PWM mode, the duty
cycle value of each of the two modulation sub-cycles is
shown in the following table.
DC+1
128
Modulation cycle i
(i=0~1)
DC
i³AC
128
7+1 Mode Modulation Cycle Values
The following diagram illustrates the waveforms associ-
ated with the 7+1 mode of PWM operation. It is impor-
tant to note how the single PWM cycle is subdivided into
2 individual modulation cycles, numbered 0 and 1 and
how the AC value is related to the PWM value.
S
Y
S
[
P
W
M
]
=
1
0
0
P
W
M
5
0
/
1
2
8
5
0
/
1
2
8
5
0
/
1
2
8
[
P
W
M
]
=
1
0
1
P
W
M
5
1
/
1
2
8
5
0
/
1
2
8
5
1
/
1
2
8
[
P
W
M
]
=
1
0
2
P
W
M
5
1
/
1
2
8
5
1
/
1
2
8
5
1
/
1
2
8
[
P
W
M
]
=
1
0
3
P
W
M
5
1
/
1
2
8
5
2
/
1
2
8
5
2
/
1
2
8
P
W
M
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:
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2
8
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M
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1
M
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c
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c
l
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0
P
W
M
c
y
c
l
e
:
2
5
6
/
f
7+1 PWM Mode
Rev. 1.31
36
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
b
7
b
0
P
W
M
,
P
W
M
0
,
P
W
M
1
R
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
s
(
7
+
1
)
M
o
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e
A
D
C
v
a
l
u
u
e
C
v
a
l
e
7+1 Mode Pulse Width Modulation Register
PWM Output Control
disable the PWM output function and force the output
low. In this way, the Port D data output register can be
used as an on/off control for the PWM function. Note
that if the configuration options have selected the PWM
function, but a ²1² has been written to its corresponding
bit in the PDC control register to configure the pin as an
input, then the pin can still function as a normal input
line, with pull-high resistor options.
On all devices, the PWM outputs are pin-shared with
pins PD0 or PD1. To operate as PWM outputs and not
as I/O pins, the correct PWM configuration options must
be selected. A ²0² must also be written to the corre-
sponding bits in the I/O port control register PDC to en-
sure that the required PWM output pin is setup as an
output. After these two initial steps have been carried
out, and of course after the required PWM value has
been written into the PWM register, writing a ²1² to the
corresponding bit in the PD output data register will en-
able the PWM data to appear on the pin. Writing a ²0² to
the corresponding bit in the PD output data register will
PWM Programming Example
The following sample program shows how the PWM
outputs are setup and controlled. Before use the corre-
sponding PWM output configuration options must first
be selected.
clr PDC.0
clr PDC.1
; set pin PD0 as output
; set pin PD1 as output
set pd.0
mov a,64h
mov pwm0,a
; PD.0=1; enable pin ²PD0/PWM0² to be the PWM channel 0
; PWM0=100D=64H
set pd.1
mov a,65h
mov pwm1,a
; PD.1=1; enable pin ²PD1/PWM1² to be the PWM channel 1
; PWM1=101D=65H
clr pd.0
clr pd.1
; disable PWM0 output - PD.0 will remain low
; disable PWM1 output - PD.1 will remain low
Rev. 1.31
37
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Analog to Digital Converter
The need to interface to real world analog signals is a
common requirement for many electronic systems.
However, to properly process these signals by a
microcontroller, they must first be converted into digital
signals by A/D converters. By integrating the A/D con-
version electronic circuitry into the microcontroller, the
need for external components is reduced significantly
with the corresponding follow-on benefits of lower costs
and reduced component space requirements.
Converter Data Registers, note that only the high byte
register ADRH utilises its full 8-bit contents. The low
byte register utilises only 1 bit of its 8-bit contents as it
contains only the lowest bit of the 9-bit converted value.
In the following tables, D0~D8 are the A/D conversion
data result bits.
Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADR
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
A/D Overview
A/D Data Register - HT46F46E
Each of the devices contains a 4-channel analog to digi-
tal converter which can directly interface to external an-
alog signals, such as that from sensors or other control
signals and convert these signals directly into either an
8-bit or 9-bit digital value.
Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADRL
ADRH
D0
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Input
Conversion
Bits
D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
Device
Input Pins
Channels
A/D Data Register - Other Devices
HT46F46E
HT46F47E
HT46F48E
HT46F49E
4
4
4
4
8
9
9
9
PB0~PB3
PB0~PB3
PB0~PB3
PB0~PB3
A/D Converter Control Register - ADCR
To control the function and operation of the A/D con-
verter, a control register known as ADCR is provided.
This 8-bit register defines functions such as the selec-
tion of which analog channel is connected to the internal
A/D converter, which pins are used as analog inputs and
which are used as normal I/Os as well as controlling the
start function and monitoring the A/D converter end of
conversion status.
The following diagram shows the overall internal struc-
ture of the A/D converter, together with its associated
registers.
A/D Converter Data Registers - ADR, ADRL, ADRH
One section of this register contains the bits
ACS2~ACS0 which define the channel number. As each
of the devices contains only one actual analog to digital
converter circuit, each of the individual 4 analog inputs
must be routed to the converter. It is the function of the
ACS2~ACS0 bits in the ADCR register to determine
which analog channel is actually connected to the inter-
nal A/D converter. Note that the ACS2 bit must always
be assigned a zero value.
For the HT46F46E device, which has an 8-bit A/D con-
verter, a single register, known as ADR, is used to store
the 8-bit analog to digital conversion value. For the re-
maining devices, which have a 9-bit A/D converter, two
registers are required, a high byte register, known as
ADRH, and a low byte register, known as ADRL. After
the conversion process takes place, these registers can
be directly read by the microcontroller to obtain the digit-
ised conversion value. For devices which use two A/D
C l o c k D i v i d e
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B
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A/D Converter Structure
Rev. 1.31
38
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
The ADCR control register also contains the
nal interrupt address for processing. If the A/D internal
interrupt is disabled, the microcontroller can be used to
poll the EOCB bit in the ADCR register to check whether
it has been cleared as an alternative method of detect-
ing the end of an A/D conversion cycle.
PCR2~PCR0 bits which determine which pins on Port B
are used as analog inputs for the A/D converter and
which pins are to be used as normal I/O pins. If the 3-bit
address on PCR2~PCR0 has a value of ²100² or higher,
then all four pins, namely AN0, AN1, AN2 and AN3 will all
be set as analog inputs. Note that if the PCR2~PCR0 bits
are all set to zero, then all the Port B pins will be setup as
normal I/Os and the internal A/D converter circuitry will be
powered off to reduce the power consumption.
A/D Converter Clock Source Register - ACSR
The clock source for the A/D converter, which originates
from the system clock fSYS, is first divided by a division
ratio, the value of which is determined by the ADCS1
and ADCS0 bits in the ACSR register.
The START bit in the ADCR register is used to start and
reset the A/D converter. When the microcontroller sets
this bit from low to high and then low again, an analog to
digital conversion cycle will be initiated. When the
START bit is brought from low to high but not low again,
the EOCB bit in the ADCR register will be set to a ²1²
and the analog to digital converter will be reset. It is the
START bit that is used to control the overall on/off opera-
tion of the internal analog to digital converter.
Although the A/D clock source is determined by the sys-
tem clock fSYS, and by bits ADCS1 and ADCS0, there are
some limitations on the maximum A/D clock source speed
that can be selected. As the minimum value of permissible
A/D clock period, tAD, is 0.5ms for the HT46F46E, device,
and 1ms for the other devices, care must be taken for sys-
tem clock speeds in excess of 2MHz. With the exception of
the HT46F46E device, for system clock speeds in excess
of 2MHz, the ADCS1 and ADCS0 bits should not be set to
²00². For the HT46F46E device, for system clock speeds
in excess of 4MHz, the ADCS1 and ADCS0 bits should not
be set to ²00². Doing so will give A/D clock periods that are
less than the minimum A/D clock period which may result
in inaccurate A/D conversion values. Refer to the following
table for examples, where values marked with an asterisk
* show where, depending upon the device, special care
must be taken, as the values may be less than the speci-
fied minimum A/D Clock Period.
The EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to indicate
when the analog to digital conversion process is com-
plete. This bit will be automatically set to ²0² by the
microcontroller after a conversion cycle has ended. In
addition, the corresponding A/D interrupt request flag
will be set in the interrupt control register, and if the inter-
rupts are enabled, an appropriate internal interrupt sig-
nal will be generated. This A/D internal interrupt signal
will direct the program flow to the associated A/D inter-
b
7
b
0
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2
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1
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A/D Converter Control Register
b
7
b
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A/D Converter Clock Source Register
Rev. 1.31
39
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
A/D Clock Period (tAD
)
fSYS
ADCS1, ADCS0=00
(fSYS/2)
ADCS1, ADCS0=01
(fSYS/8)
ADCS1, ADCS0=10
(fSYS/32)
ADCS1, ADCS0=11
1MHz
2MHz
4MHz
8MHz
12MHz
Undefined
Undefined
Undefined
Undefined
Undefined
2ms
1ms
8ms
4ms
32ms
16ms
8ms
500ns*
250ns*
166.67ns*
2ms
1ms
4ms
0.67ms
2.67ms
A/D Clock Period Examples
·
A/D Input Pins
Step 1
Select the required A/D conversion clock by correctly
programming bits ADCS1 and ADCS0 in the ACSR
register.
All of the A/D analog input pins are pin-shared with the
I/O pins on Port B. Bits PCR2~PCR0 in the ADCR regis-
ter, not configuration options, determine whether the in-
put pins are setup as normal Port B input/output pins or
whether they are setup as analog inputs. In this way, pins
can be changed under program control to change their
function from normal I/O operation to analog inputs and
vice versa. Pull-high resistors, which are setup through
configuration options, apply to the input pins only when
they are used as normal I/O pins, if setup as A/D inputs
the pull-high resistors will be automatically disconnected.
Note that it is not necessary to first setup the A/D pin as
an input in the PBC port control register to enable the A/D
input, when the PCR2~PCR0 bits enable an A/D input,
the status of the port control register will be overridden.
The VDD power supply pin is used as the A/D converter
reference voltage, and as such analog inputs must not be
allowed to exceed this value. Appropriate measures
should also be taken to ensure that the VDD pin remains
as stable and noise free as possible.
·
·
Step 2
Select which channel is to be connected to the internal
A/D converter by correctly programming the
ACS2~ACS0 bits which are also contained in the
ADCR register.
Step 3
Select which pins on Port B are to be used as A/D in-
puts and configure them as A/D input pins by correctly
programming the PCR2~PCR0 bits in the ADCR reg-
ister. Note that this step can be combined with Step 2
into a single ADCR register programming operation.
·
Step 4
If the interrupts are to be used, the interrupt control
registers must be correctly configured to ensure the
A/D converter interrupt function is active. The master
interrupt control bit, EMI, in the INTC interrupt control
register must be set to ²1² and the A/D converter inter-
rupt bit, EADI, in the INTC register must also be set to
²1².
Initialising the A/D Converter
·
Step 5
The internal A/D converter must be initialised in a spe-
cial way. Each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits
are modified by the program, the A/D converter must be
re-initialised. If the A/D converter is not initialised after
the channel selection bits are changed, the EOCB flag
may have an undefined value, which may produce a
false end of conversion signal. To initialise the A/D con-
verter after the channel selection bits have changed,
then, within a time frame of one to ten instruction cycles,
the START bit in the ADCR register must first be set high
and then immediately cleared to zero. This will ensure
that the EOCB flag is correctly set to a high condition.
The analog to digital conversion process can now be
initialised by setting the START bit in the ADCR regis-
ter from ²0² to ²1² and then to ²0² again. Note that this
bit should have been originally set to ²0².
·
Step 6
To check when the analog to digital conversion pro-
cess is complete, the EOCB bit in the ADCR register
can be polled. The conversion process is complete
when this bit goes low. When this occurs the A/D data
registers ADRL and ADRH can be read to obtain the
conversion value. As an alternative method if the in-
terrupts are enabled and the stack is not full, the pro-
gram can wait for an A/D interrupt to occur.
Summary of A/D Conversion Steps
Note: When checking for the end of the conversion
process, if the method of polling the EOCB bit in
the ADCR register is used, the interrupt enable
step above can be omitted.
The following summarizes the individual steps that
should be executed in order to implement an A/D con-
version process.
Rev. 1.31
40
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
The following timing diagram shows graphically the various stages involved in an analog to digital conversion process
and its associated timing.
S
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A/D Conversion Timing
Programming Considerations
The setting up and operation of the A/D converter func-
tion is fully under the control of the application program as
there are no configuration options associated with the
A/D converter. After an A/D conversion process has been
initiated by the application program, the microcontroller
internal hardware will begin to carry out the conversion,
during which time the program can continue with other
functions. The time taken for the A/D conversion is de-
pendent upon the device chosen and is a function of the
A/D clock period tAD as shown in the table.
When programming, special attention must be given to
the A/D channel selection bits in the ADCR register. If
these bits are all cleared to zero no external pins will be
selected for use as A/D input pins allowing the pins to be
used as normal I/O pins. When this happens the power
supplied to the internal A/D circuitry will be reduced re-
sulting in a reduction of supply current. This ability to re-
duce power by turning off the internal A/D function by
clearing the A/D channel selection bits may be an impor-
tant consideration in battery powered applications.
Device
HT46F46E
Other Devices
A/D Conversion Time
Another important programming consideration is that
when the A/D channel selection bits change value the
A/D converter must be re-initialised. This is achieved by
pulsing the START bit in the ADCR register immediately
after the channel selection bits have changed state. The
exception to this is where the channel selection bits are
all cleared, in which case the A/D converter is not re-
quired to be re-initialised.
64tAD
76tAD
A/D Conversion Time
Rev. 1.31
41
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
A/D Programming Example
The following two programming examples illustrate how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first exam-
ple, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete,
whereas in the second example, the A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion is complete.
Example: using an EOCB polling method to detect the end of conversion for the HT46F46E
clr EADI
mov a,00000001B
mov ACSR,a
; disable ADC interrupt
; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as
; the A/D clock
mov a,00100000B
mov ADCR,a
; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3
; as A/D inputs
; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D
; converter
:
:
; As the Port B channel bits have changed the
; following START
; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10
; instruction cycles
:
Start_conversion:
clr START
set START
clr START
Polling_EOC:
; reset A/D
; start A/D
sz
EOCB
; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end
; of A/D conversion
; continue polling
; read conversion result value from the ADR
; register
; save result to user defined memory
jmp polling_EOC
mov a,ADR
mov adr_buffer,a
:
:
jmp start_conversion
; start next A/D conversion
Rev. 1.31
42
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Example: using an interrupt method to detect the end of conversion for the HT46F46E
; disable ADC interrupt
clr EADI
mov a,00000001B
mov ACSR,a
; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as
; the A/D clock
mov a,00100000B
; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3
; as A/D inputs
mov ADCR,a
:
; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D
; converter
; As the Port B channel bits have changed the
; following START
; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10
; instruction cycles
:
Start_conversion:
clr START
set START
clr START
clr ADF
set EADI
set EMI
; reset A/D
; start A/D
; clear ADC interrupt request flag
; enable ADC interrupt
; enable global interrupt
:
:
:
; ADC interrupt service routine
ADC_ISR:
mov acc_stack,a
mov a,STATUS
mov status_stack,a
:
; save ACC to user defined memory
; save STATUS to user defined memory
:
mov a,ADR
; read conversion result value from the ADR
; register
; save result to user defined register
mov adr_buffer,a
:
:
EXIT_INT_ISR:
mov a,status_stack
mov STATUS,a
mov a,acc_stack
reti
; restore STATUS from user defined memory
; restore ACC from user defined memory
Rev. 1.31
43
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
A/D Transfer Function
transfer function between the analog input value and the
digitised output value for the A/D converters.
As the HT46F46E device contain an 8-bit A/D converter,
their full-scale converted digitized value is equal to
0FFH. Since the full-scale analog input value is equal to
the voltage, this gives a single bit analog input value of
Note that to reduce the quantisation error, a 0.5 LSB off-
set is added to the A/D Converter input. Except for the
digitised zero value, the subsequent digitised values will
change at a point 0.5 LSB below where they would
change without the offset, and the last full scale digitised
value will change at a point 1.5 LSB below the VDD level.
V
DD/256. For the other devices which each contain a
9-bit A/D converter, their full-scale converted digitised
value is equal to 1FFH giving a single bit analog input
value of VDD/512. The following graphs show the ideal
1
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Ideal A/D Transfer Function - Other Devices
Rev. 1.31
44
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Interrupts
Interrupts are an important part of any microcontroller
system. When an external event or an internal function
such as a Timer/Event Counter or an A/D converter re-
quires microcontroller attention, their corresponding in-
terrupt will enforce a temporary suspension of the main
program allowing the microcontroller to direct attention
to their respective needs. Each device in this series con-
tains a single external interrupt and two internal inter-
rupts functions. The external interrupt is controlled by
the action of the external INT pin, while the internal inter-
rupts are controlled by the Timer/Event Counter over-
flow and the A/D converter interrupt.
Program Counter will then be loaded with a new ad-
dress which will be the value of the corresponding inter-
rupt vector. The microcontroller will then fetch its next
instruction from this interrupt vector. The instruction at
this vector will usually be a JMP statement which will
jump to another section of program which is known as
the interrupt service routine. Here is located the code to
control the appropriate interrupt. The interrupt service
routine must be terminated with a RETI statement,
which retrieves the original Program Counter address
from the stack and allows the microcontroller to continue
with normal execution at the point where the interrupt
occurred.
Interrupt Register
The various interrupt enable bits, together with their as-
sociated request flags, are shown in the following dia-
gram with their order of priority.
Overall interrupt control, which means interrupt enabling
and request flag setting, is controlled by a single INTC
register, which is located in Data Memory. By controlling
the appropriate enable bits in this register each individ-
ual interrupt can be enabled or disabled. Also when an
interrupt occurs, the corresponding request flag will be
set by the microcontroller. The global enable flag if
cleared to zero will disable all interrupts.
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other in-
terrupts will be blocked, as the EMI bit will be cleared au-
tomatically. This will prevent any further interrupt nesting
from occurring. However, if other interrupt requests oc-
cur during this interval, although the interrupt will not be
immediately serviced, the request flag will still be re-
corded. If an interrupt requires immediate servicing
while the program is already in another interrupt service
routine, the EMI bit should be set after entering the rou-
tine, to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the in-
terrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the
related interrupt is enabled, until the Stack Pointer is
decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack
must be prevented from becoming full.
Interrupt Operation
A Timer/Event Counter overflow, an end of A/D conver-
sion or the external interrupt line being pulled low will all
generate an interrupt request by setting their corre-
sponding request flag, if their appropriate interrupt en-
able bit is set. When this happens, the Program
Counter, which stores the address of the next instruction
to be executed, will be transferred onto the stack. The
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Interrupt Control Register
Rev. 1.31
45
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
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Interrupt Structure
Interrupt Priority
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt
Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising
edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on
the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding inter-
rupts are enabled. In case of simultaneous requests,
the following table shows the priority that is applied.
These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit.
For a Timer/Event Counter interrupt to occur, the global
interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the corresponding timer in-
terrupt enable bit, ETI, must first be set. An actual
Timer/Event Counter interrupt will take place when the
Timer/Event Counter request flag, TF, is set, a situation
that will occur when the Timer/Event Counter overflows.
When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and a
Timer/Event Counter overflow occurs, a subroutine call to
the timer interrupt vector at location 08H, will take place.
When the interrupt is serviced, the timer interrupt request
flag, TF, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will be
automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Interrupt Source
External Interrupt
All Devices Priority
1
2
3
Timer/Event Counter Overflow
A/D Converter Interrupt
In cases where both external and internal interrupts are
enabled and where an external and internal interrupt oc-
curs simultaneously, the external interrupt will always
have priority and will therefore be serviced first. Suitable
masking of the individual interrupts using the INTC reg-
ister can prevent simultaneous occurrences.
A/D Interrupt
For an A/D interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable
bit, EMI, and the corresponding interrupt enable bit,
EADI, must be first set. An actual A/D interrupt will take
place when the A/D converter request flag, ADF, is set, a
situation that will occur when an A/D conversion process
has completed. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack
is not full and an A/D conversion process finishes exe-
cution, a subroutine call to the A/D interrupt vector at lo-
cation 0CH, will take place. When the interrupt is
serviced, the A/D interrupt request flag, ADF, will be au-
tomatically reset and the EMI bit will be automatically
cleared to disable other interrupts.
External Interrupt
For an external interrupt to occur, the global interrupt en-
able bit, EMI, and external interrupt enable bit, EEI, must
first be set. Additionally the correct interrupt configuration
options must be selected to enable the external interrupt
function and to choose the trigger edge type. An actual
external interrupt will take place when the external inter-
rupt request flag, EIF, is set, a situation that will occur
when a transition, whose type is chosen by configuration
option, appears on the INT line. The external interrupt pin
is pin-shared with the I/O pin PA5 and can only be config-
ured as an external interrupt pin if the corresponding ex-
ternal interrupt enable bit in the INTC register has been
set. The pin must also be setup as an input by setting the
corresponding PAC.5 bit in the port control register.
When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the
correct transition type appears on the external interrupt
pin, a subroutine call to the external interrupt vector at lo-
cation 04H, will take place. When the interrupt is ser-
viced, the external interrupt request flag, EIF, will be
automatically reset and the EMI bit will be automatically
cleared to disable other interrupts. Note that any pull-high
resistor configuration options on this pin will remain valid
even if the pin is used as an external interrupt input.
Programming Considerations
By disabling the interrupt enable bits, a requested inter-
rupt can be prevented from being serviced, however,
once an interrupt request flag is set, it will remain in this
condition in the INTC register until the corresponding in-
terrupt is serviced or until the request flag is cleared by a
software instruction.
It is recommended that programs do not use the ²CALL
subroutine² instruction within the interrupt subroutine.
Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or
need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If
only one stack is left and the interrupt is not well con-
trolled, the original control sequence will be damaged
once a ²CALL subroutine² is executed in the interrupt
subroutine.
Rev. 1.31
46
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Although the microcontroller has an internal RC reset
function, if the VDD power supply rise time is not fast
enough or does not stabilise quickly at power-on, the
internal reset function may be incapable of providing
proper reset operation. For this reason it is recom-
mended that an external RC network is connected to
the RES pin, whose additional time delay will ensure
that the RES pin remains low for an extended period
to allow the power supply to stabilise. During this time
delay, normal operation of the microcontroller will be
inhibited. After the RES line reaches a certain voltage
value, the reset delay time tRSTD is invoked to provide
an extra delay time after which the microcontroller will
begin normal operation. The abbreviation SST in the
figures stands for System Start-up Timer.
All of these interrupts have the capability of waking up
the processor when in the Power Down Mode.
Only the Program Counter is pushed onto the stack. If
the contents of the register or status register are altered
by the interrupt service program, which may corrupt the
desired control sequence, then the contents should be
saved in advance.
Reset and Initialisation
A reset function is a fundamental part of any
microcontroller ensuring that the device can be set to
some predetermined condition irrespective of outside
parameters. The most important reset condition is after
power is first applied to the microcontroller. In this case,
internal circuitry will ensure that the microcontroller, af-
ter a short delay, will be in a well defined state and ready
to execute the first program instruction. After this
power-on reset, certain important internal registers will
be set to defined states before the program com-
mences. One of these registers is the Program Counter,
which will be reset to zero forcing the microcontroller to
begin program execution from the lowest Program
Memory address.
V
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.
9
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Power-On Reset Timing Chart
For most applications a resistor connected between
VDD and the RES pin and a capacitor connected be-
tween VSS and the RES pin will provide a suitable ex-
ternal reset circuit. Any wiring connected to the RES
pin should be kept as short as possible to minimise
any stray noise interference.
In addition to the power-on reset, situations may arise
where it is necessary to forcefully apply a reset condition
when the microcontroller is running. One example of this
is where after power has been applied and the
microcontroller is already running, the RES line is force-
fully pulled low. In such a case, known as a normal oper-
ation reset, some of the microcontroller registers remain
unchanged allowing the microcontroller to proceed with
normal operation after the reset line is allowed to return
high. Another type of reset is when the Watchdog Timer
overflows and resets the microcontroller. All types of re-
set operations result in different register conditions be-
ing setup.
V
D
D
1
0
0
k
R
E
S
m
0 . 1 F
V
S
S
Basic Reset Circuit
For applications that operate within an environment
where more noise is present the Enhanced Reset Cir-
cuit shown is recommended.
Another reset exists in the form of a Low Voltage Reset,
LVR, where a full reset, similar to the RES reset is imple-
mented in situations where the power supply voltage
falls below a certain threshold.
m
0 . 0 1 F
V
R
D
D
1
0
0
k
Reset Functions
E
S
1
0
k
There are five ways in which a microcontroller reset can
occur, through events occurring both internally and ex-
ternally:
m
0 . 1 F
V
S
S
·
Power-on Reset
Enhanced Reset Circuit
The most fundamental and unavoidable reset is the
one that occurs after power is first applied to the
microcontroller. As well as ensuring that the Program
Memory begins execution from the first memory ad-
dress, a power-on reset also ensures that certain
other registers are preset to known conditions. All the
I/O port and port control registers will power up in a
high condition ensuring that all pins will be first set to
inputs.
More information regarding external reset circuits is
located in Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek
website.
Rev. 1.31
47
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
W
D
T
T
i
m
e
-
o
u
t
·
RES Pin Reset
t
S
S
T
This type of reset occurs when the microcontroller is
already running and the RES pin is forcefully pulled
low by external hardware such as an external switch.
In this case as in the case of other reset, the Program
Counter will reset to zero and program execution initi-
ated from this point.
S
S
T
T
i
m
e
-
o
u
t
WDT Time-out Reset during Power Down
Timing Chart
0
.
9
V
Reset Initial Conditions
0
.
4
V
R
E
S
t
R S T D
The different types of reset described affect the reset
flags in different ways. These flags, known as PDF and
TO are located in the status register and are controlled
by various microcontroller operations, such as the
Power Down function or Watchdog Timer. The reset
flags are shown in the table:
S
S
T
T
i
m
e
-
o
u
t
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
R
e
s
e
t
RES Reset Timing Chart
·
Low Voltage Reset - LVR
TO PDF
RESET Conditions
The microcontroller contains a low voltage reset circuit
in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device,
which is selected via a configuration option. If the supply
voltage of the device drops to within a range of
0.9V~VLVR such as might occur when changing the bat-
tery, the LVR will automatically reset the device inter-
nally. The LVR includes the following specifications: For
a valid LVR signal, a low voltage, i.e., a voltage in the
range between 0.9V~VLVR must exist for greater than the
value tLVR specified in the A.C. characteristics. If the low
voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it
and will not perform a reset function.
0
u
1
1
0
u
u
1
RES reset during power-on
RES or LVR reset during normal operation
WDT time-out reset during normal operation
WDT time-out reset during Power Down
Note: ²u² stands for unchanged
The following table indicates the way in which the vari-
ous components of the microcontroller are affected after
a power-on reset occurs.
L
V
R
Item
Condition After RESET
t
R S T D
S
S
T
T
i
m
e
-
o
u
t
Program Counter Reset to zero
Interrupts
WDT
All interrupts will be disabled
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
R
e
s
e
t
Clear after reset, WDT begins
counting
Low Voltage Reset Timing Chart
Timer/Event
Counter
·
Timer Counter will be turned off
Watchdog Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
The Watchdog time-out Reset during normal opera-
tion is the same as a hardware RES pin reset except
that the Watchdog time-out flag TO will be set to ²1².
The Timer Counter Prescaler will
be cleared
Prescaler
Input/Output Ports I/O ports will be setup as inputs
W
D
T
T
i
m
e
-
o
u
t
Stack Pointer will point to the top
t
R S T D
Stack Pointer
of the stack
S
S
T
T
i
m
e
-
o
u
t
The different kinds of resets all affect the internal regis-
ters of the microcontroller in different ways. To ensure
reliable continuation of normal program execution after
a reset occurs, it is important to know what condition the
microcontroller is in after a particular reset occurs. The
following table describes how each type of reset affects
each of the microcontroller internal registers. Note that
where more than one package type exists the table will
reflect the situation for the larger package type.
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
R
e
s
e
t
WDT Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
Timing Chart
·
Watchdog Time-out Reset during Power Down
The Watchdog time-out Reset during Power Down is
a little different from other kinds of reset. Most of the
conditions remain unchanged except that the Pro-
gram Counter and the Stack Pointer will be cleared to
²0² and the TO flag will be set to ²1². Refer to the A.C.
Characteristics for tSST details.
Rev. 1.31
48
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
HT46F46E
Register
Reset
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
(Power-on)
(Normal Operation)
MP0
MP1
BP
1 x x x x x x x
1 x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
- - x x x x x x
- - 0 0 x x x x
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - 1 u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x u
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - 1 1 u u u u
- u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u - u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
- - - - u u u u
- - - - u u u u
- - - - - - - u
- - - - - - - u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - u u
u u u u - - - -
ACC
PCL
TBLP
TBLH
STATUS
INTC
TMR
TMRC
PA
PAC
PB
PBC
PD
PDC
PWM
ADR
ADCR
ACSR
EECR
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.31
49
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
HT46F47E
Register
Reset
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
(Power-on)
(Normal Operation)
MP0
1 x x x x x x x
1 x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
- - x x x x x x
- - 0 0 x x x x
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - 1 u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x u
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - 1 1 u u u u
- u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u - u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
- - - - u u u u
- - - - u u u u
- - - - - - - u
- - - - - - - u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - - -
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - u u
u u u u - - - -
MP1
BP
ACC
PCL
TBLP
TBLH
STATUS
INTC
TMR
TMRC
PA
PAC
PB
PBC
PD
PDC
PWM
ADRL
ADRH
ADCR
ACSR
EECR
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.31
50
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
HT46F48E
Register
Reset
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
(Power-on)
(Normal Operation)
MP0
MP1
BP
1 x x x x x x x
1 x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
- - x x x x x x
- - 0 0 x x x x
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - 1 u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - 1
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
1 u u u u u u u
1 u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x u
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- - 1 1 u u u u
- u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u - u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
- - - - - - u u
- - - - - - u u
- - - - - - - u
- - - - - - - u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - - -
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - u u
u u u u - - - -
ACC
PCL
TBLP
TBLH
STATUS
INTC
TMR
TMRC
PA
PAC
PB
PBC
PC
PCC
PD
PDC
PWM
ADRL
ADRH
ADCR
ACSR
EECR
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.31
51
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
HT46F49E
Register
Reset
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
(Power-on)
(Normal Operation)
MP0
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
- x x x x x x x
- - 0 0 x x x x
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- u u u u u u u
- - u u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x 0
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- u u u u u u u
- - 1 u u u u u
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x x
0 0 - 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - 1 1
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x - - - - - - -
x x x x x x x x
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 - - - - - 0 0
1 0 0 0 - - - -
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
x x x x x x x u
u u u u u u u u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u u u u u
- u u u u u u u
- - 1 1 u u u u
- u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u - u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
- - - u u u u u
- - - u u u u u
- - - - - - u u
- - - - - - u u
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - - -
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u - - - - - u u
u u u u - - - -
MP1
BP
ACC
PCL
TBLP
TBLH
STATUS
INTC
TMR
TMRC
PA
PAC
PB
PBC
PC
PCC
PD
PDC
PWM0
PWM1
ADRL
ADRH
ADCR
ACSR
EECR
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.31
52
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Oscillator
Various oscillator options offer the user a wide range of
functions according to their various application require-
ments. Two types of system clocks can be selected
while various clock source options for the Watchdog
Timer are provided for maximum flexibility. All oscillator
options are selected through the configuration options.
Crystal Oscillator C1 and C2 Values
Crystal Frequency
8MHz
C1
C2
CL
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
4MHz
The two methods of generating the system clock are:
1MHz
·
External crystal/resonator oscillator
Note: 1. C1 and C2 values are for guidance only.
2. CL is the crystal manufacturer specified
load capacitor value.
·
External RC oscillator
One of these two methods must be selected using the
configuration options.
Crystal Recommended Capacitor Values
More information regarding the oscillator is located in
Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek website.
Resonator C1 and C2 Values
Resonator Frequency
3.58MHz
C1
C2
External Crystal/Resonator Oscillator
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
The simple connection of a crystal across OSC1 and
OSC2 will create the necessary phase shift and feed-
back for oscillation, and will normally not require exter-
nal capacitors. However, for some crystals and most
resonator types, to ensure oscillation and accurate fre-
quency generation, it may be necessary to add two
small value external capacitors, C1 and C2. The exact
values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation
1MHz
455kHz
Note: C1 and C2 values are for guidance only.
Resonator Recommended Capacitor Values
External RC Oscillator
Using the external system RC oscillator requires that a
resistor, with a value between 15kW and 750KW, is con-
nected between OSC1 and VDD, and a capacitor is con-
nected to ground. The generated system clock divided by
4 will be provided on OSC2 as an output which can be
used for external synchronization purposes. Note that as
the OSC2 output is an NMOS open-drain type, a pull high
resistor should be connected if it to be used to monitor the
internal frequency. Although this is a cost effective oscil-
lator configuration, the oscillation frequency can vary with
VDD, temperature and process variations and is there-
fore not suitable for applications where timing is critical or
where accurate oscillator frequencies are required.For
the value of the external resistor ROSC refer to the Holtek
website for typical RC Oscillator vs. Temperature and
VDD characteristics graphics. Note that it is the only
microcontroller internal circuitry together with the external
resistor, that determine the frequency of the oscillator.
The external capacitor shown on the diagram does not
influence the frequency of oscillation.
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
C
1
O
S
C
1
O
C
s
c
i
l
l
a
t
o
r
i
r
c
u
i
t
C
a
R
p
R
f
C
b
T
o
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
O
S
C
2
C
2
N
o
t
e
:
1
.
R
A
c
p
i
s
n
o
r
m
a
l
l
y
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
.
2
.
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
n
O
S
C
1
/
O
S
C
2
p
i
n
s
h
a
v
e
a
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
i
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
r
o
u
n
d
7
p
F
.
Crystal/Resonator Oscillator
with the crystal or resonator manufacturer¢s specifica-
tion. The external parallel feedback resistor, Rp, is nor-
mally not required but in some cases may be needed to
assist with oscillation start up.
Internal Ca, Cb, Rf Typical Values @ 5V, 25° C
Ca
Cb
Rf
11~13pF
13~15pF
470kW
V
D
D
Oscillator Internal Component Values
R
O
S
C
O
S
C
1
4
7
0
p
F
f
S
Y
S
/
4
N
M
O
S
O
p
e
n
D
r
a
i
n
O
S
C
2
RC Oscillator
Rev. 1.31
53
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Watchdog Timer Oscillator
also be taken into account by the circuit designer if the
power consumption is to be minimized. Special atten-
The WDT oscillator is a fully integrated free running RC
oscillator with a typical period of 65ms at 5V, requiring no
external components. It is selected via configuration op-
tion. If selected, when the device enters the Power Down
Mode, the system clock will stop running, however the
WDT oscillator will continue to run and keep the watch-
dog function active. However, as the WDT will consume a
certain amount of power when in the Power Down Mode,
for low power applications, it may be desirable to disable
the WDT oscillator by configuration option.
tion must be made to the I/O pins on the device. All
high-impedance input pins must be connected to either
a fixed high or low level as any floating input pins could
create internal oscillations and result in increased cur-
rent consumption. This also applies to devices which
have different package types, as there may be
undonbed pins, which must either be setup as outputs
or if setup as inputs must have pull-high resistors
connected. Care must also be taken with the loads,
which are connected to I/O pins, which are setup as out-
puts. These should be placed in a condition in which
minimum current is drawn or connected only to external
circuits that do not draw current, such as other CMOS
inputs. Also note that additional standby current will also
be required if the configuration options have enabled the
Watchdog Timer internal oscillator.
Power Down Mode and Wake-up
Power Down Mode
All of the Holtek microcontrollers have the ability to enter
a Power Down Mode, also known as the HALT Mode or
Sleep Mode. When the device enters this mode, the nor-
mal operating current, will be reduced to an extremely
low standby current level. This occurs because when
the device enters the Power Down Mode, the system
oscillator is stopped which reduces the power consump-
tion to extremely low levels, however, as the device
maintains its present internal condition, it can be woken
up at a later stage and continue running, without requir-
ing a full reset. This feature is extremely important in ap-
plication areas where the MCU must have its power
supply constantly maintained to keep the device in a
known condition but where the power supply capacity is
limited such as in battery applications.
Wake-up
After the system enters the Power Down Mode, it can be
woken up from one of various sources listed as follows:
·
An external reset
·
An external falling edge on Port A
·
A system interrupt
·
A WDT overflow
If the system is woken up by an external reset, the de-
vice will experience a full system reset, however, if the
device is woken up by a WDT overflow, a Watchdog
Timer reset will be initiated. Although both of these
wake-up methods will initiate a reset operation, the ac-
tual source of the wake-up can be determined by exam-
ining the TO and PDF flags. The PDF flag is cleared by a
system power-up or executing the clear Watchdog
Timer instructions and is set when executing the ²HALT²
instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs,
and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program
Counter and Stack Pointer, the other flags remain in
their original status.
Entering the Power Down Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the Power
Down Mode and that is to execute the ²HALT² instruc-
tion in the application program. When this instruction is
executed, the following will occur:
·
The system oscillator will stop running and the appli-
cation program will stop at the ²HALT² instruction.
·
The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain
their present condition.
Each pin on Port A can be setup via an individual config-
uration option to permit a negative transition on the pin
·
The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the
WDT clock source is selected to come from the WDT
oscillator. The WDT will stop if its clock source origi-
nates from the system clock.
to wake-up the system. When a Port A pin wake-up oc-
curs, the program will resume execution at the instruc-
tion following the ²HALT² instruction.
·
The I/O ports will maintain their present condition.
·
In the status register, the Power Down flag, PDF, will
If the system is woken up by an interrupt, then two possi-
ble situations may occur. The first is where the related
interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the
stack is full, in which case the program will resume exe-
cution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
In this situation, the interrupt which woke-up the device
will not be immediately serviced, but will rather be ser-
viced later when the related interrupt is finally enabled or
when a stack level becomes free. The other situation is
be set and the Watchdog time-out flag, TO, will be
cleared.
Standby Current Considerations
As the main reason for entering the Power Down Mode
is to keep the current consumption of the MCU to as low
a value as possible, perhaps only in the order of several
micro-amps, there are other considerations which must
Rev. 1.31
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January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
where the related interrupt is enabled and the stack is
ture, VDD and process variations. As the clear instruc-
tion only resets the last stage of the divider chain, for this
reason the actual division ratio and corresponding
Watchdog Timer time-out can vary by a factor of two.
The exact division ratio depends upon the residual value
in the Watchdog Timer counter before the clear instruc-
tion is executed. It is important to realise that as there
are no independent internal registers or configuration
options associated with the length of the Watchdog
Timer time-out, it is completely dependent upon the fre-
quency of fSYS/4 or the internal WDT oscillator.
not full, in which case the regular interrupt response
takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² be-
fore entering the Power Down Mode, the wake-up func-
tion of the related interrupt will be disabled.
No matter what the source of the wake-up event is, once
a wake-up situation occurs, a time period equal to 1024
system clock periods will be required before normal sys-
tem operation resumes. However, if the wake-up has
originated due to an interrupt, the actual interrupt sub-
routine execution will be delayed by an additional one or
more cycles. If the wake-up results in the execution of
the next instruction following the ²HALT² instruction, this
will be executed immediately after the 1024 system
clock period delay has ended.
If the fSYS/4 clock is used as the WDT clock source, it
should be noted that when the system enters the Power
Down Mode, then the instruction clock is stopped and
the WDT will lose its protecting purposes. For systems
that operate in noisy environments, using the internal
WDT oscillator is strongly recommended.
Watchdog Timer
Under normal program operation, a WDT time-out will
initialise a device reset and set the status bit TO. How-
ever, if the system is in the Power Down Mode, when a
WDT time-out occurs, the TO bit in the status register
will be set and only the Program Counter and Stack
Pointer will be reset. Three methods can be adopted to
clear the contents of the WDT. The first is an external
hardware reset, which means a low level on the RES
pin, the second is using the watchdog software instruc-
tions and the third is via a ²HALT² instruction.
The Watchdog Timer is provided to prevent program mal-
functions or sequences from jumping to unknown loca-
tions, due to certain uncontrollable external events such
as electrical noise. It operates by providing a device reset
when the WDT counter overflows. The WDT clock is sup-
plied by one of two sources selected by configuration op-
tion: its own self contained dedicated internal WDT
oscillator or fSYS/4. Note that if the WDT configuration op-
tion has been disabled, then any instruction relating to its
operation will result in no operation.
There are two methods of using software instructions to
clear the Watchdog Timer, one of which must be chosen
by configuration option. The first option is to use the sin-
gle ²CLR WDT² instruction while the second is to use the
two commands ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². For the
first option, a simple execution of ²CLR WDT² will clear
the WDT while for the second option, both ²CLR WDT1²
and ²CLR WDT2² must both be executed to successfully
clear the WDT. Note that for this second option, if ²CLR
WDT1² is used to clear the WDT, successive executions
of this instruction will have no effect, only the execution of
a ²CLR WDT2² instruction will clear the WDT. Similarly
after the ²CLR WDT2² instruction has been executed,
only a successive ²CLR WDT1² instruction can clear the
Watchdog Timer.
In the Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type with EEPROM se-
ries of microcontrollers, all Watchdog Timer options,
such as enable/disable, WDT clock source and clear in-
struction type all selected through configuration options.
There are no internal registers associated with the WDT
in the Cost-Effective A/D Flash Type MCU series. One
of the WDT clock sources is an internal oscillator which
has an approximate period of 65ms at a supply voltage
of 5V. However, it should be noted that this specified in-
ternal clock period can vary with VDD, temperature and
process variations. The other WDT clock source option
is the fSYS/4 clock. Whether the WDT clock source is its
own internal WDT oscillator, or from fSYS/4, it is divided
by 213~216 (by options to get the WDT time-out period).
The max time out period is around 4.3s when the 216 is
selected. This time-out period may vary with tempera-
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Rev. 1.31
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HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Configuration Options
Configuration options refer to certain options within the MCU that are programmed into the device during the program-
ming process. During the development process, these options are selected using the HT-IDE software development
tools. As these options are programmed into the device using the hardware programming tools, once they are selected
they cannot be changed later as the application software has no control over the configuration options. All options must
be defined for proper system function, the details of which are shown in the table.
No.
1
Options
Watchdog Timer clock source: WDT oscillator or fSYS/4
Watchdog Timer function: enable or disable
WDT time-out period: 213/fS, 214/fS, 215/fS, or 216/fS
CLRWDT instructions: 1 or 2 instructions
2
3
4
5
System oscillator: Crystal or RC
PA, PB and PD: pull-high enable or disable
6
7
PC: pull-high enable or disable - HT46F48E and HT46F49E only
PWM: enable or disable - Except HT46F49E
PWM0, PWM1: enable or disable - HT46F49E only
PWM mode: 6+2 or 7+1 mode selection
8
9
PA0~PA7: wake-up enable or disable - bit option
PFD: normal I/O or PFD output
LVR function: enable or disable
10
11
Low voltage reset voltage: 2.1V, 3.15V or 4.2V
External interrupt INT trigger edge: disable, rising, falling, or double (rising or falling)
Application Circuits
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Rev. 1.31
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January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Instruction Set
arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to
ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when
results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for sub-
Introduction
Central to the successful operation of any
microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of pro-
gram instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to
perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek
microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of
over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers
to implement their application with the minimum of pro-
gramming overheads.
traction. The increment and decrement instructions
INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of
increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values
in the destination specified.
Logical and Rotate Operations
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR
and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most
instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass
through the Accumulator which may involve additional
programming steps. In all logical data operations, the
zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.
Another form of logical data manipulation comes from
the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC
which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or
left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on pro-
gram requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for
serial port programming applications where data can be
rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from
where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit
set high or low. Another application where rotate data
operations are used is to implement multiplication and
division calculations.
For easier understanding of the various instruction
codes, they have been subdivided into several func-
tional groupings.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruc-
tion cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or ta-
ble read instructions where two instruction cycles are
required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system
clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system
oscillator, most instructions would be implemented
within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be im-
plemented within 1ms. Although instructions which re-
quire one more cycle to implement are generally limited
to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instruc-
tions, it is important to realize that any other instructions
which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low
register or PCL will also take one more cycle to imple-
ment. As instructions which change the contents of the
PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one
more cycle will be required. Examples of such instruc-
tions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the
case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the re-
sult of the comparison involves a skip operation then
this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved
then only one cycle is required.
Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to
specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a sub-
routine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the
sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program
must return to the instruction immediately when the sub-
routine has been carried out. This is done by placing a
return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause
the program to jump back to the address right after the
CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the
program simply jumps to the desired location. There is
no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off
point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special
and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the
conditional branches. Here a decision is first made re-
garding the condition of a certain data memory or indi-
vidual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program
will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and
jump to the following instruction. These instructions are
the key to decision making and branching within the pro-
gram perhaps determined by the condition of certain in-
put switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program
is one of the most frequently used operations. Making
use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be
transferred from registers to the Accumulator and
vice-versa as well as being able to move specific imme-
diate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most
important data transfer applications is to receive data
from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and
data manipulation is a necessary feature of most
microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and
subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary
Rev. 1.31
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HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Bit Operations
Other Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Mem-
ory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek
microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for
output port bit programming where individual bits or port
pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET
[m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The fea-
ture removes the need for programmers to first read the
8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure
that other bits are not changed and then output the port
with the correct new data. This read-modify-write pro-
cess is taken care of automatically when these bit oper-
ation instructions are used.
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range
of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² in-
struction for Power-down operations and instructions to
control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable
program operations under extreme electric or electro-
magnetic environments. For their relevant operations,
refer to the functional related sections.
Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction
set categorised according to function and can be con-
sulted as a basic instruction reference using the follow-
ing listed conventions.
Table Read Operations
Table conventions:
Data storage is normally implemented by using regis-
ters. However, when working with large amounts of
fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconve-
nient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To over-
come this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an
area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where
data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instruc-
tions provides the means by which this fixed data can be
referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Mnemonic
Arithmetic
Description
Cycles Flag Affected
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
Add Data Memory to ACC
1
1Note
1
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
1
1Note
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
1
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
1
1Note
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
1
1Note
1Note
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
1
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
OR A,x
1
XOR A,x
1
1Note
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
1
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Increment Data Memory
1Note
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
1
1Note
Rev. 1.31
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January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Mnemonic
Rotate
Description
Cycles Flag Affected
RRA [m]
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
C
None
None
C
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
C
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
Jump unconditionally
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Skip if Data Memory is zero
1Note
1note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
Return from subroutine
2
RET A,x
RETI
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
2
Table Read
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
None
None
Miscellaneous
NOP
No operation
1
1Note
1Note
1
None
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
None
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Clear Watchdog Timer
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1
1Note
1
None
1
TO, PDF
Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,
if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by
the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and
²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags
remain unchanged.
Rev. 1.31
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HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Add immediate data to ACC
Description
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND op-
eration. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
AND A,x
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND op-
eration. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.31
60
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
CALL addr
Subroutine call
Description
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then in-
crements by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the
stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this
new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruc-
tion.
Operation
Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
Description
Operation
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
[m] ¬ 00H
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Description
Operation
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
[m].i ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR WDT
Description
Operation
Clear Watchdog Timer
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunc-
tion with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Re-
petitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunc-
tion with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Re-
petitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
Rev. 1.31
61
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
CPL [m]
Complement Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result
is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
DAA [m]
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Description
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value re-
sulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or
if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble
remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of
6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by add-
ing 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C
flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is
greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 66H
Affected flag(s)
C
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory
Description
Operation
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
DECA [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accu-
mulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
HALT
Enter power down mode
Description
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents
of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The
power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
Operation
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
Rev. 1.31
62
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
INC [m]
Increment Data Memory
Description
Operation
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
INCA [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumu-
lator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
JMP addr
Jump unconditionally
Description
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,[m]
Description
Operation
Move Data Memory to ACC
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,x
Move immediate data to ACC
Description
Operation
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV [m],A
Description
Operation
Move ACC to Data Memory
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
[m] ¬ ACC
Affected flag(s)
None
NOP
No operation
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
No operation
None
OR A,[m]
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR oper-
ation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.31
63
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
OR A,x
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR op-
eration. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ORM A,[m]
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR oper-
ation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
RET
Return from subroutine
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the re-
stored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
Affected flag(s)
None
RET A,x
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the
specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
RETI
Return from interrupt
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by set-
ting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending
when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed be-
fore returning to the main program.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
EMI ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory left
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
RLA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory re-
main unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.31
64
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RLCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces
the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in
the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into
bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 ro-
tated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data
Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRC [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
RRCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 re-
places the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is
stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
Rev. 1.31
65
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SBC A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub-
tracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result
of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or
zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub-
tracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the re-
sult of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is
positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SDZA [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy in-
struction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
Description
Operation
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
[m] ¬ FFH
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m].i
Set bit of Data Memory
Description
Operation
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
[m].i ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.31
66
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SIZ [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SIZA [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy in-
struction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SNZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this re-
quires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i ¹ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SUB A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUBM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Description
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumu-
lator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is nega-
tive, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will
be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
Rev. 1.31
67
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SWAP [m]
Description
Operation
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4
Affected flag(s)
None
SWAPA [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The
result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4
ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0
Description
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As
this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruc-
tion.
Operation
Skip if [m] = 0
None
Affected flag(s)
SZA [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is
zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruc-
tion while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the
program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this re-
quires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i = 0
None
Affected flag(s)
TABRDC [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDL [m]
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.31
68
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
XOR A,[m]
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR op-
eration. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XORM A,[m]
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR op-
eration. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XOR A,x
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.31
69
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Package Information
16-pin NSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
1
6
9
8
A
B
1
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
F
E
·
MS-012
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
228
150
12
386
¾
Nom.
¾
Max.
244
157
20
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
394
69
¾
¾
50
¾
¾
¾
4
10
G
H
a
16
7
50
¾
10
¾
0°
¾
8°
Rev. 1.31
70
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
18-pin DIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
A
1
8
1
0
1
8
1
0
B
B
1
9
1
9
H
H
C
D
C
D
E
E
I
I
G
G
F
F
Fig1. Full Lead Packages
Fig2. 1/2 Lead Packages
·
MS-001d (see fig1)
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
880
240
115
115
14
Nom.
¾
Max.
920
280
195
150
22
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
70
¾
100
¾
¾
300
¾
325
430
¾
¾
·
MS-001d (see fig1)
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
845
240
115
115
14
Nom.
¾
Max.
880
280
195
150
22
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
70
¾
100
¾
¾
300
¾
325
430
¾
¾
Rev. 1.31
71
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
·
MO-095a (see fig2)
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
845
275
120
110
14
Nom.
¾
Max.
885
295
150
150
22
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
60
¾
100
¾
¾
¾
300
¾
325
430
¾
Rev. 1.31
72
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
18-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
1
8
1
0
A
B
1
9
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
E
F
·
MS-013
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
393
256
12
447
¾
Nom.
¾
Max.
419
300
20
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
463
104
¾
¾
¾
50
¾
¾
4
12
G
H
a
16
8
50
¾
13
¾
0°
¾
8°
Rev. 1.31
73
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
20-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
2
0
1
1
1
A
B
1
0
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
E
F
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
228
150
8
Nom.
¾
Max.
244
158
12
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
335
49
¾
347
65
¾
¾
25
¾
¾
4
10
G
H
a
15
7
50
¾
10
¾
0°
¾
8°
Rev. 1.31
74
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
24-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
A
2
4
1
1
3
2
1
1
3
2
2
4
B
B
1
1
H
H
C
D
C
D
I
I
E
F
G
E
F
G
Fig2. 1/2 Lead Packages
Fig1. Full Lead Packages
·
MS-001d (see fig1)
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
1230
240
115
115
14
Nom.
¾
Max.
1280
280
195
150
22
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
70
¾
100
¾
¾
300
¾
325
430
¾
¾
·
MS-001d (see fig2)
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
1160
240
115
115
14
Nom.
¾
Max.
1195
280
195
150
22
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
70
¾
100
¾
¾
300
¾
325
430
¾
¾
Rev. 1.31
75
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
·
MO-095a (see fig2)
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
1145
275
120
110
14
Nom.
¾
Max.
1185
295
150
150
22
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
45
60
¾
100
¾
¾
¾
300
¾
325
430
¾
Rev. 1.31
76
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
24-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
2
4
1
3
A
B
1
1
2
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
E
F
·
MS-013
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
393
256
12
598
¾
Nom.
¾
Max.
419
300
20
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
613
104
¾
¾
¾
50
¾
4
12
¾
¾
¾
¾
G
H
a
16
8
50
13
0°
8°
Rev. 1.31
77
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
24-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
2
4
1
3
A
B
1
1
2
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
E
F
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
228
150
8
Nom.
¾
Max.
244
157
12
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
335
54
¾
346
60
¾
¾
25
¾
4
10
¾
¾
¾
¾
G
H
a
22
7
28
10
0°
8°
Rev. 1.31
78
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
28-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
1
1
5
4
2
8
B
1
H
C
D
I
E
F
G
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
1375
278
125
125
16
Nom.
¾
Max.
1395
298
135
145
20
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
¾
¾
¾
¾
50
70
¾
100
¾
¾
295
¾
315
375
¾
¾
Rev. 1.31
79
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
2
8
1
5
A
B
1
1
4
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
E
F
·
MS-013
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
393
256
12
697
¾
Nom.
¾
Max.
419
300
20
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
713
104
¾
¾
¾
50
¾
4
12
¾
¾
¾
¾
G
H
a
16
8
50
13
0°
8°
Rev. 1.31
80
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
28-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
2
8
1
1
5
4
A
B
1
C
C
'
G
H
D
a
E
F
Dimensions in mil
Symbol
Min.
228
150
8
Nom.
¾
Max.
244
157
12
A
B
C
C¢
D
E
F
¾
¾
386
54
¾
394
60
¾
¾
25
¾
4
10
¾
¾
¾
¾
G
H
a
22
7
28
10
0°
8°
Rev. 1.31
81
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Product Tape and Reel Specifications
Reel Dimensions
D
T
2
C
A
B
T
1
SOP 16N (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
A
B
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
D
2.0±0.5
16.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
22.2±0.2
SOP 18W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
A
B
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
D
2.0±0.5
24.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
30.2±0.2
Rev. 1.31
82
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SSOP 20S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Dimensions in mm
A
B
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
D
2.0±0.5
16.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
22.2±0.2
SOP 24W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
A
B
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
D
2.0±0.5
24.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
30.2±0.2
SSOP 24S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Dimensions in mm
A
B
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
D
2.0±0.5
16.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
22.2±0.2
SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol
Description
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Dimensions in mm
A
B
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
D
2.0±0.5
24.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
30.2±0.2
SSOP 28S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Reel Outer Diameter
Reel Inner Diameter
Dimensions in mm
A
B
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0+0.5/-0.2
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
Key Slit Width
D
2.0±0.5
16.8+0.3/-0.2
T1
T2
Space Between Flange
Reel Thickness
22.2±0.2
Rev. 1.31
83
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Carrier Tape Dimensions
P
0
P
1
t
D
E
F
W
B
0
C
D
1
P
K
0
A
0
R
e
e
l
H
o
l
e
I
C
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
p
i
n
1
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
e
l
h
o
l
e
s
a
r
e
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
i
d
e
.
SOP 16N (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
16.0±0.3
8.0±0.1
W
P
Carrier Tape Width
Cavity Pitch
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.1
7.5±0.1
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
D
1.55+0.1/-0.0
1.50+0.25/-0.0
4.0±0.1
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
6.5±0.1
Cavity Width
10.3±0.1
2.1±0.1
Cavity Depth
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
0.30±0.05
13.3±0.1
C
SOP 18W
Symbol
Description
Carrier Tape Width
Dimensions in mm
24.0+0.3/-0.1
W
P
Cavity Pitch
16.0±0.1
1.75±0.1
11.5±0.1
1.5±0.1
E
Perforation Position
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
F
D
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
1.50+0.25/-0.00
4.0±0.1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
10.9±0.1
12.0±0.1
2.8±0.1
Cavity Width
Cavity Depth
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
0.30±0.05
21.3±0.1
C
Rev. 1.31
84
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SSOP 20S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Carrier Tape Width
Cavity Pitch
Perforation Position
Dimensions in mm
16.0+0.3/-0.1
W
P
8.0±0.1
E
1.75±0.10
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
7.5±0.1
1.5+0.1/-0.0
1.50+0.25/-0.00
4.0±0.1
D
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
6.5±0.1
Cavity Width
9.0±0.1
Cavity Depth
2.3±0.1
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
0.30±0.05
13.3±0.1
C
SOP 24W
Symbol
Description
Carrier Tape Width
Dimensions in mm
24.0±0.3
W
P
Cavity Pitch
12.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
1.75±0.1
F
11.5±0.1
D
1.55+0.10/-0.00
1.50+0.25/-0.00
4.0±0.1
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
10.9±0.1
Cavity Width
15.9±0.1
Cavity Depth
3.1±0.1
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
0.35±0.05
21.3±0.1
C
Rev. 1.31
85
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SSOP 24S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Carrier Tape Width
Dimensions in mm
16.0+0.3/-0.1
W
P
Cavity Pitch
Perforation Position
8.0±0.1
E
1.75±0.10
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
7.5±0.1
1.5+0.1/-0.0
1.50+0.25/-0.00
4.0±0.1
D
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
6.5±0.1
Cavity Width
9.5±0.1
Cavity Depth
2.1±0.1
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
0.30±0.05
13.3±0.1
C
SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol
Description
Carrier Tape Width
Cavity Pitch
Dimensions in mm
24.0±0.3
W
P
12.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
1.75±0.10
F
11.5±0.1
D
1.5+0.1/-0.0
1.50+0.25/-0.00
4.0±0.1
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
10.85±0.10
18.34±0.10
2.97±0.10
0.35±0.01
21.3±0.1
Cavity Width
Cavity Depth
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
C
Rev. 1.31
86
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
SSOP 28S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Carrier Tape Width
Dimensions in mm
16.0±0.3
W
P
Cavity Pitch
Perforation Position
8.0±0.1
E
1.75±0.1
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
Perforation Diameter
Cavity Hole Diameter
Perforation Pitch
7.5±0.1
1.55+0.10/-0.00
1.50+0.25/-0.00
4.0±0.1
D
D1
P0
P1
A0
B0
K0
t
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
Cavity Length
2.0±0.1
6.5±0.1
Cavity Width
10.3±0.1
2.1±0.1
Cavity Depth
Carrier Tape Thickness
Cover Tape Width
0.30±0.05
13.3±0.1
C
Rev. 1.31
87
January 9, 2009
HT46F46E/HT46F47E/HT46F48E/HT46F49E
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)
No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Tel: 886-3-563-1999
Fax: 886-3-563-1189
http://www.holtek.com.tw
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office)
4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2655-7070
Fax: 886-2-2655-7373
Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline)
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office)
G Room, 3 Floor, No.1 Building, No.2016 Yi-Shan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China 201103
Tel: 86-21-5422-4590
Fax: 86-21-5422-4705
http://www.holtek.com.cn
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office)
5F, Unit A, Productivity Building, Gaoxin M 2nd, Middle Zone Of High-Tech Industrial Park, ShenZhen, China 518057
Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308
Fax: 86-755-8616-9722
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office)
Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031
Tel: 86-10-6641-0030, 86-10-6641-7751, 86-10-6641-7752
Fax: 86-10-6641-0125
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Chengdu Sales Office)
709, Building 3, Champagne Plaza, No.97 Dongda Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610016
Tel: 86-28-6653-6590
Fax: 86-28-6653-6591
Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office)
46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, USA
Tel: 1-510-252-9880
Fax: 1-510-252-9885
http://www.holtek.com
Copyright Ó 2009 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek as-
sumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used
solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable
without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life
due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices
or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,
please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.31
88
January 9, 2009
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