ISL6420BIAZ [INTERSIL]

Advanced Single Synchronous Buck Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller; 高级单同步降压脉宽调制( PWM )控制器
ISL6420BIAZ
型号: ISL6420BIAZ
厂家: Intersil    Intersil
描述:

Advanced Single Synchronous Buck Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller
高级单同步降压脉宽调制( PWM )控制器

开关 光电二极管 控制器
文件: 总20页 (文件大小:530K)
中文:  中文翻译
下载:  下载PDF数据表文档文件
ISL6420B  
®
Data Sheet  
April 27, 2009  
FN6901.0  
Advanced Single Synchronous Buck  
Features  
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller  
• Operates From:  
- 4.5V to 5.5V Input  
- 5.5V to 28V Input  
The ISL6420B simplifies the implementation of a complete  
control and protection scheme for a high-performance  
DC/DC buck converter. It is designed to drive N-channel  
MOSFETs in a synchronous rectified buck topology, the  
ISL6420B integrates control, output adjustment, monitoring  
and protection functions into a single package. Additionally,  
the IC features an external reference voltage tracking mode  
for externally referenced buck converter applications and  
DDR termination supplies, as well as a voltage margining  
mode for system testing in networking DC/DC converter  
applications.  
• 0.6V Internal Reference Voltage  
- ±2.0% Reference Accuracy  
• Resistor-Selectable Switching Frequency  
- 100kHz to 1.4MHz  
• Voltage Margining and External Reference Tracking  
Modes  
• Output Can Sink or Source Current  
• Lossless, Programmable Overcurrent Protection  
The ISL6420B provides simple, single feedback loop,  
voltage mode control with fast transient response. The  
output voltage of the converter can be precisely regulated to  
as low as 0.6V.  
- Uses Upper MOSFET’s r  
DS(ON)  
• Programmable Soft-Start  
• Drives N-Channel MOSFETs  
The operating frequency is fully adjustable from 100kHz to  
1.4MHz. High frequency operation offers cost and space  
savings.  
• Simple Single-Loop Control Design  
- Voltage-Mode PWM Control  
• Fast Transient Response  
The error amplifier features a 15MHz gain-bandwidth  
product and 6V/µs slew rate that enables high converter  
bandwidth for fast transient response. The PWM duty cycle  
ranges from 0% to 100% in transient conditions. Selecting  
the capacitor value from the ENSS pin to ground sets a fully  
adjustable PWM soft-start. Pulling the ENSS pin LOW  
disables the controller.  
- High-Bandwidth Error Amplifier  
- Full 0% to 100% Duty Cycle  
• Extensive Circuit Protection Functions  
- PGOOD, Overvoltage, Overcurrent, Shutdown  
• Diode Emulation during Startup for Pre-Biased Load  
Applications  
The ISL6420B monitors the output voltage and generates a  
PGOOD (power good) signal when soft-start sequence is  
complete and the output is within regulation. A built-in  
overvoltage protection circuit prevents the output voltage  
from going above typically 115% of the set point. Protection  
from overcurrent conditions is provided by monitoring the  
• Offered in 20 Ld QFN and QSOP Packages  
• QFN (4x4) Package  
- QFN compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220 QFN - Quad  
Flat No Leads - Product Outline  
- QFN Near Chip Scale Package Footprint; Improves  
PCB Efficiency, Thinner in Profile  
r
of the upper MOSFET to inhibit the PWM operation  
DS(ON)  
appropriately. This approach simplifies the implementation  
and improves efficiency by eliminating the need for a current  
sensing resistor.  
• Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)  
Applications  
• Power Supplies for Microprocessors/ASICs  
- Embedded Controllers  
- DSP and Core Processors  
- DDR SDRAM Bus Termination  
• Ethernet Routers and Switchers  
• High-Power DC/DC Regulators  
• Distributed DC/DC Power Architecture  
• Personal Computer Peripherals  
• Externally Referenced Buck Converters  
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.  
1
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.  
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2009. All Rights Reserved  
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.  
ISL6420B  
Ordering Information  
PART NUMBER  
(Note)  
PART  
MARKING  
TEMP.  
RANGE (°C)  
PACKAGE  
(Pb-Free)  
PKG.  
DWG. #  
ISL6420BIAZ  
6420 BIAZ  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
20 Ld QSOP  
20 Ld QSOP  
M20.15  
ISL6420BIAZ-TK*  
ISL6420BIRZ  
6420 BIAZ  
6420 BIRZ  
6420 BIRZ  
M20.15  
L20.4x4  
L20.4x4  
20 Ld 4x4 QFN  
20 Ld 4x4 QFN  
ISL6420BIRZ-TK*  
*Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.  
NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100%  
matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil  
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.  
Pinouts  
ISL6420B  
(20 LD QFN)  
TOP VIEW  
ISL6420B  
(20 LD QSOP)  
TOP VIEW  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
PGOOD  
ENSS  
CDEL  
PGND  
20  
19  
20 19 18 17 16  
LGATE  
18 COMP  
17 FB  
PVCC  
GPIO2  
GPIO1/REFIN  
OCSET  
1
2
3
4
5
15 PGND  
14 CDEL  
13 PGOOD  
12 ENSS  
11 COMP  
PHASE  
16 RT  
UGATE  
SGND  
VIN  
15  
14  
BOOT  
GPIO2  
13 VCC5  
12  
REFOUT  
GPIO1/REFIN  
VMSET/MODE  
VMSET/MODE  
OCSET 10  
11 REFOUT  
6
7
8
9
10  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
2
ISL6420B  
Functional Block Diagram  
VIN  
VCC5  
OCSET  
SGND  
LDO  
OVERCURRENT  
COMP  
+
-
PHASE  
OCFLT  
BOOT  
REFERENCE  
0.6V  
SS  
UGATE  
OVFLT  
UVFLT  
FAULT  
LOGIC  
PHASE  
ERROR  
AMP  
PHASE  
LOGIC  
+
-
+
-
FB  
PWM  
LOGIC  
PWM  
COMP  
COMP  
PVCC  
LGATE  
PGND  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
RAMP  
GENERATOR  
REFOUT  
VOLTAGE  
MARGINING  
VMSET/MODE  
OV/UV  
VOLTAGE  
MONITOR  
OVFLT  
UVFLT  
FB  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
EN/SS  
ENSS  
OSC  
RT  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V  
C1  
C6  
C3  
C2  
C5  
R1  
C4  
PVCC  
VIN  
VCC5  
D1  
C9  
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
OSC  
C7  
0.1µF  
R2  
C8  
L1  
REF  
3.3V  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
C10  
-
+
+
-
R3  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
C11  
R6  
REFOUT  
C12  
R5  
C13  
R4  
VMSET/MODE  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
3
ISL6420B  
Typical 12V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
12V  
C6  
C1  
C5  
R1  
C3  
C2  
C4  
VIN PVCC  
VCC5  
D1  
C9  
OCSET  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
BOOT  
RT  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R2  
C7  
L1  
REF  
3.3V  
C8  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
-
+
C10  
+
-
R3  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
C11  
R6  
REFOUT  
C12  
R5  
C13  
R4  
VMSET/MODE  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V  
C6  
C1  
C3  
C5  
R1  
C2  
C4  
D1  
C8  
PVCC  
VIN  
VCC5  
OCSET  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
SS/EN  
BOOT  
RT  
CDEL  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R2  
C7  
L1  
PGOOD  
REF  
2.5V/1.25V  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
-
+
C9  
+
-
R3  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN <-- VREF = VDDQ/2  
GPIO2  
C10  
REFOUT  
C11  
R5  
1.25V VREF  
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY  
C12  
VMSET/MODE  
VCC5  
R4  
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
4
ISL6420B  
Typical 12V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
12V  
C6  
C1  
C2  
C3  
C5  
R1  
C4  
VIN PVCC  
VCC5  
D1  
C8  
OCSET  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
SS/EN  
BOOT  
RT  
CDEL  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R2  
C7  
L1  
PGOOD  
REF  
2.5V/1.25V  
VDDQ/VTT  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
-
+
C9  
+
-
COMP  
R5  
R3  
GPIO1/REFIN <-- VREF = VDDQ/2  
GPIO2  
C10  
C11  
REFOUT  
C12  
1.25V VREF  
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY  
VMSET/MODE  
VCC5  
R4  
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
5
ISL6420B  
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)  
Thermal Information  
Bias Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+30V  
BOOT and UGATE Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +36V  
Thermal Resistance (Typical)  
θ
(°C/W)  
θ
(°C/W)  
JC  
JA  
QFN Package (Notes 2, 3). . . . . . . . . .  
QSOP Package (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . .  
47  
90  
8.5  
NA  
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . +150°C  
Maximum Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C  
Ambient Temperature Range. . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C (for “I” suffix)  
Junction Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C  
Pb-Free Reflow Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below  
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp  
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and  
result in failures not covered by warranty.  
NOTES:  
1. All voltages are with respect to GND.  
2. θ is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See  
JA  
Tech Brief TB379.  
3. For θ , the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.  
JC  
Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions: V = 12V, PV shorted with V  
, T = +25°C; Parameters with MIN and/or MAX  
A
limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization  
IN  
CC  
CC5  
and are not production tested.  
PARAMETER  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
VIN SUPPLY  
Input Voltage Range  
5.6  
12  
28  
V
VIN SUPPLY CURRENT  
Shutdown Current (Note 4)  
Operating Current (Notes 4, 5)  
VCC5 SUPPLY (Notes 5, 6)  
Input Voltage Range  
ENSS = GND  
-
-
1.4  
2.0  
-
mA  
mA  
3.0  
VIN = VCC5 for 5V configuration  
4.5  
4.5  
50  
5.0  
5.0  
-
5.5  
5.5  
-
V
V
Output Voltage  
VIN = 5.6V to 28V, I = 3mA to 50mA  
L
Maximum Output Current  
POWER-ON RESET  
VIN = 12V  
mA  
Rising V  
CC5  
Threshold  
VIN connected to VCC5, 5V input  
operation  
4.310  
4.400  
4.475  
V
Falling V  
CC5  
Threshold  
4.090  
0.16  
4.100  
-
4.250  
-
V
V
UVLO Threshold Hysteresis  
PWM CONVERTERS  
Maximum Duty Cycle  
Minimum Duty Cycle  
FB Pin Bias Current  
Undervoltage Protection  
Overvoltage Protection  
OSCILLATOR  
f
f
= 300kHz  
= 300kHz  
90  
-
96  
-
-
0
%
%
SW  
SW  
-
80  
-
-
nA  
%
V
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
Fraction of the set point; ~1µs noise filter  
75  
112  
85  
120  
UV  
V
-
%
OVP  
Free Running Frequency  
Total Variation  
RT = VCC5, T = -40°C to +85°C  
270  
-
300  
330  
-
kHz  
%
A
T
= -40°C to +85°C, with frequency set  
±10%  
A
by external resistor at RT  
Frequency Range (Set by RT)  
Ramp Amplitude (Note 7)  
VIN = 12V  
100  
-
-
1400  
-
kHz  
ΔV  
1.25  
V
P-P  
OSC  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
6
ISL6420B  
Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions: V = 12V, PV shorted with V  
, T = +25°C; Parameters with MIN and/or MAX  
A
limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization  
IN  
CC  
CC5  
and are not production tested. (Continued)  
PARAMETER  
REFERENCE AND SOFT-START/ENABLE  
Internal Reference Voltage  
Soft-Start Current  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
V
0.594  
-
10  
-
0.606  
V
µA  
V
REF  
I
-
1.0  
-
-
-
SS  
Soft-Start Threshold  
V
SOFT  
Enable Low (Converter Disabled)  
PWM CONTROLLER GATE DRIVERS  
Gate Drive Peak Current  
Rise Time  
-
1.0  
V
-
-
-
-
0.7  
20  
20  
20  
-
-
-
-
A
Co = 1000pF  
Co = 1000pF  
ns  
ns  
ns  
Fall Time  
Dead Time Between Drivers  
ERROR AMPLIFIER  
DC Gain (Note 7)  
-
-
-
88  
15  
6
-
-
-
dB  
Gain-Bandwidth Product (Note 7)  
Slew Rate (Note 7)  
GBW  
SR  
MHz  
V/µs  
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION  
OCSET Current Source  
POWER GOOD AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS  
Power-Good Lower Threshold  
Power-Good Higher Threshold  
PGOOD Leakage Current  
PGOOD Voltage Low  
I
I
V
= 4.5V  
OCSET  
80  
100  
120  
µA  
OCSET  
V
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
-14  
-10  
-8  
16  
1
%
%
PG-  
V
9
-
-
-
PG+  
V
= 5.0V (Note 8)  
µA  
V
PGLKG  
PULLUP  
I
= 4mA  
-
-
0.5  
-
PGOOD  
PGOOD Delay  
CDEL = 0.1µF  
-
125  
2
ms  
µA  
V
CDEL Current for PGOOD  
CDEL Threshold  
CDEL threshold = 2.5V  
-
-
-
2.5  
-
EXTERNAL REFERENCE  
Min External Reference Input at  
GPIO1/REFIN  
VMSET/MODE = H, C  
VMSET/MODE = H, C  
= 2.2µF  
= 2.2µF  
-
-
0.600  
-
-
V
V
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
Max External Reference Input at  
GPIO1/REFIN  
1.250  
REFERENCE BUFFER  
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal Reference  
V
V
V
V
I
= 1mA,  
0.583  
0.575  
1.227  
1.219  
0.595  
0.587  
1.246  
1.238  
0.607  
0.599  
1.265  
1.257  
V
V
V
V
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
VMSET/MODE = High,  
C
= 2.2µF, T = -40°C to +85°C  
A
REFOUT  
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal Reference  
Buffered Output Voltage - External Reference  
Buffered Output Voltage - External Reference  
I
= 20mA,  
REFOUT  
VMSET/MODE = High,  
= 2.2µF, T = -40°C to +85°C  
C
REFOUT  
A
V
= 1.25V, I  
= 1mA,  
REFIN  
REFOUT  
VMSET2/MODE = High,  
= 2.2µF  
C
REFOUT  
V
= 1.25V, I  
= 20mA,  
REFIN  
REFOUT  
VMSET2/MODE = High,  
= 2.2µF  
C
REFOUT  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
7
ISL6420B  
Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions: V = 12V, PV shorted with V  
, T = +25°C; Parameters with MIN and/or MAX  
A
limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization  
IN  
CC  
CC5  
and are not production tested. (Continued)  
PARAMETER  
Current Drive Capability  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
C
= 2.2µF  
20  
-
-
mA  
REFOUT  
VOLTAGE MARGINING  
Voltage Margining Range (Note 7)  
CDEL Current for Voltage Margining  
Slew Time  
-10  
-
+10  
%
-
-
-
100  
2.5  
-
-
-
µA  
ms  
µA  
CDEL = 0.1µF, VMSET = 330kΩ  
ISET1 on FB Pin  
VMSET = 330k,  
GPIO1 = L  
7.48  
GPIO2 = H  
ISET2 on FB Pin  
VMSET = 330k,  
GPIO1 = H  
-
7.48  
-
µA  
GPIO2 = L  
THERMAL SHUTDOWN  
Shutdown Temperature (Note 7)  
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis (Note 7)  
NOTES:  
-
-
150  
20  
-
-
°C  
°C  
4. The operating supply current and shutdown current specifications for 5V input are the same as VIN supply current specifications, i.e., 5.6V to  
28V input conditions. These should also be tested with part configured for 5V input configuration, i.e., VIN = VCC5 = PVCC = 5V.  
5. This is the V  
CC  
current consumed when the device is active but not switching. Does not include gate drive current.  
6. When the input voltage is 5.6V to 28V at VIN pin, the VCC5 pin provides a 5V output capable of 50mA (max) total from the internal LDO. When  
the input voltage is 5V, VCC5 pin will be used as a 5V input, the internal LDO regulator is disabled and the VIN must be connected to the VCC5.  
In both cases the PVCC pin should always be connected to VCC5 pin (refer to “Pin Descriptions” on page 10 for more details).  
7. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.  
8. It is recommended to use VCC5 as the pull-up source.  
Typical Performance Curves  
0.604  
0.602  
0.600  
0.598  
0.596  
0.594  
320  
310  
300  
290  
280  
270  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
FIGURE 1. V  
vs TEMPERATURE  
REF  
FIGURE 2. V  
vs TEMPERATURE  
SW  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
8
ISL6420B  
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)  
94  
92  
90  
88  
86  
84  
82  
80  
1.15  
I
= 5A  
OUT  
1.05  
0.95  
0.85  
0
5
10  
15  
(V)  
20  
25  
30  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
V
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
IN  
FIGURE 3. I  
vs TEMPERATURE  
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs V  
IN  
OCSET  
+25°C, V = 28V, I = 1.367, I  
= 10A  
IN  
IN  
OUT  
FIGURE 5.  
FIGURE 6.  
98  
96  
94  
92  
90  
88  
86  
84  
82  
80  
V
= 5V  
IN  
V
= 12V  
IN  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT (V  
= 3.3V)  
OUT  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
9
ISL6420B  
1400  
1300  
1200  
1100  
1000  
900  
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
Pin Descriptions  
VIN  
This pin powers the controller and must be decoupled to  
ground using a ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the  
VIN pin.  
TABLE 1. INPUT SUPPLY CONFIGURATION  
INPUT  
PIN CONFIGURATION  
5.5V to 28V Connect the input to the VIN pin. The VCC5 pin will  
provide a 5V output from the internal LDO. Connect  
PVCC to VCC5.  
5V ±10% Connect the input to the VCC5 pin. Connect the PVCC  
and VIN pins to VCC5.  
0
25  
50  
75  
100  
125  
150  
RT (kΩ)  
FIGURE 8. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs RT  
SGND  
100kHz to 1.4MHz. Figure 8 shows the oscillator frequency  
vs the RT resistance.  
This pin provides the signal ground for the IC. Tie this pin to  
the ground plane through the lowest impedance connection.  
CDEL  
LGATE  
The PGOOD signal can be delayed by a time proportional to  
a CDEL current of 2µA and the value of the capacitor  
connected between this pin and ground. A 0.1µF will  
typically provide 125ms delay. When in the Voltage  
Margining mode, the CDEL current is 100µA typical and  
provides the delay for the output voltage slew rate, 2.5ms  
typical for the 0.1µF capacitor.  
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the lower  
MOSFET.  
PHASE  
This pin is the junction point of the output filter inductor, the  
upper MOSFET source and the lower MOSFET drain. This  
pin is used to monitor the voltage drop across the upper  
MOSFET for overcurrent protection. This pin also provides a  
return path for the upper gate drive.  
PGND  
This pin provides the power ground for the IC. Tie this pin to  
the ground plane through the lowest impedance connection.  
UGATE  
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the upper  
MOSFET.  
PVCC  
This pin is the power connection for the gate drivers.  
Connect this pin to the VCC5 pin.  
BOOT  
This pin powers the upper MOSFET driver. Connect this pin  
to the junction of the bootstrap capacitor and the cathode of  
the bootstrap diode. The anode of the bootstrap diode is  
connected to the VCC5 pin.  
VCC5  
This pin is the output of the internal 5V LDO. Connect a  
minimum of 4.7µF ceramic decoupling capacitor as close to  
the IC as possible at this pin. Refer to Table 1.  
FB  
ENSS  
This pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider and  
provides the voltage feedback signal for the controller. This  
pin sets the output voltage of the converter.  
This pin provides enable/disable function and soft-start for  
the PWM output. The output drivers are turned off when this  
pin is held below 1V.  
COMP  
OCSET  
This pin is the error amplifier output pin. It is used as the  
compensation point for the PWM error amplifier.  
Connect a resistor (R ) and a capacitor from this pin to  
the drain of the upper MOSFET. R , an internal 100µA  
current source (I  
resistance r  
point.  
OCSET  
OCSET  
PGOOD  
), and the upper MOSFET on  
OCSET  
set the converter overcurrent (OC) trip  
This pin provides a power good status. It is an open collector  
output used to indicate the status of the output voltage.  
DS(ON)  
RT  
This is the oscillator frequency selection pin. Connecting this  
pin directly to VCC5 will select the oscillator free running  
frequency of 300kHz. By placing a resistor from this pin to  
GND, the oscillator frequency can be programmed from  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
10  
ISL6420B  
TABLE 2. VOLTAGE MARGINING/DDR OR TRACKING SUPPLY PIN CONFIGURATION  
PIN CONFIGURATIONS  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
FUNCTION/MODES  
VMSET/MODE  
REFOUT  
(Note 9)  
(Note 9)  
Enable Voltage Margining  
Pin Connected to GND Connect a 2.2µF capacitor Serves as a general  
Serves as a general  
purpose I/O. Refer to  
Table 3.  
with resistor. It is used for bypass of external  
purpose I/O. Refer to  
Table 3.  
as VMSET.  
reference.  
No Voltage Margining. Normal operation  
with internal reference. Buffered  
H
H
Connect a 2.2µF capacitor  
to GND.  
H (Note 10)  
L
V
= 0.6V.  
REFOUT  
No Voltage Margining. External  
Connect a 2.2µF capacitor Connect to an external  
L
reference. Buffered V  
= V  
to GND.  
reference voltage source  
(0.6V to 1.25V)  
REFOUT  
REFIN  
NOTES:  
9. The GPIO1/REFIN and GPIO2 pins cannot be left floating.  
10. Ensure that GPIO1/REFIN is tied high prior to the logic change at VMSET/MODE.  
GPIO1/REFIN  
TABLE 3. VOLTAGE MARGINING CONTROLLED BY GPIO1  
AND GPIO2  
This is a dual function pin. If VMSET/MODE is not connected  
to VCC5 then this pin serves as GPIO1. Refer to Table 3 for  
GPIO commands interpretation.  
GPIO1  
GPIO2  
VOUT  
No Change  
+ΔVOUT  
-ΔVOUT  
Ignored  
L
L
L
H
L
If VMSET/MODE is connected to VCC5 then this pin will  
serve as REFIN. As REFIN, this pin is the non-inverting input  
to the error amplifier. Connect the desired reference voltage  
to this pin in the range of 0.6V to 1.25V.  
H
H
H
Functional Description  
Connect this pin to VCC5 to use internal reference.  
Initialization  
REFOUT  
The ISL6420B automatically initializes upon receipt of power.  
The Power-On Reset (POR) function monitors the internal bias  
voltage generated from LDO output (VCC5) and the ENSS pin.  
The POR function initiates the soft-start operation after the  
VCC5 exceeds the POR threshold. The POR function inhibits  
operation with the chip disabled (ENSS pin <1V).  
It provides buffered reference output for REFIN. Connect  
2.2µF decoupling capacitor to this pin.  
VMSET/MODE  
This pin is a dual function pin. Tie this pin to VCC5 to disable  
voltage margining. When not tied to VCC5, this pin serves as  
VMSET. Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set  
delta for voltage margining. If voltage margining and external  
reference tracking mode are not needed, this pin can be tied  
directly to ground.  
The device can operate from an input supply voltage of 5.6V  
to 28V connected directly to the VIN pin using the internal 5V  
linear regulator to bias the chip and supply the gate drivers.  
For 5V ±10% applications, connect VIN to VCC5 to bypass  
the linear regulator.  
GPIO2  
This is general purpose IO pin for voltage margining. Refer  
to Table 3.  
Soft-Start/Enable  
The ISL6420B soft-start function uses an internal current  
source and an external capacitor to reduce stresses and  
surge current during start-up.  
Exposed Thermal Pad  
This pad is electrically isolated. Connect this pad to the  
signal ground plane using at least five vias for a robust  
thermal conduction path.  
When the output of the internal linear regulator reaches the  
POR threshold, the POR function initiates the soft-start  
sequence. An internal 10µA current source charges an  
external capacitor on the ENSS pin linearly from 0V to 3.3V.  
When the ENSS pin voltage reaches 1V typically, the  
internal 0.6V reference begins to charge following the dv/dt  
of the ENSS voltage. As the soft-start pin charges from 1V to  
1.6V, the reference voltage charges from 0V to 0.6V.  
Figure 9 shows a typical soft-start sequence.  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
11  
ISL6420B  
During soft-start, pulse termination current limiting is  
V
= 28V, V  
OUT  
= 3.3V, I = 10A  
OUT  
IN  
enabled, but the 8-cycle hiccup counter is held in reset until  
soft-start is completed. Figure 10 shows the overcurrent  
hiccup mode.  
The overcurrent function will trip at a peak inductor current  
(I ) determined from Equation 1, where I  
is the  
OC  
OCSET  
internal OCSET current source.  
I
R  
OCSET  
OCSET  
(EQ. 1)  
---------------------------------------------------  
I
=
OC  
r
DS(ON)  
The OC trip point varies mainly due to the upper MOSFETs  
variations. To avoid overcurrent tripping in the normal  
r
DS(ON)  
operating load range, find the R  
with:  
resistor from Equation 1  
OCSET  
FIGURE 9. TYPICAL SOFT-START WAVEFORM  
1. The maximum r  
temperature.  
at the highest junction  
DS(ON)  
2. Determine I  
for I  
OC  
> I  
+ I) ⁄ 2 ,  
OUT(MAX)  
OC  
VOUT  
where ΔI is the output inductor ripple current.  
A small ceramic capacitor should be placed in parallel with  
IOUT  
R
to smooth the voltage across R in the  
OCSET  
OCSET  
PHASE  
presence of switching noise on the input voltage.  
Voltage Margining  
ENSS  
The ISL6420B has a voltage margining mode that can be  
used for system testing. The voltage margining percentage  
is resistor selectable up to ±10%. The voltage margining  
mode can be enabled by connecting a margining set resistor  
from VMSET pin to ground and using the control pins  
GPIO1/2 to toggle between positive and negative margining  
(Refer to Table 2). With voltage margining enabled, the  
VMSET resistor to ground will set a current, which is  
switched to the FB pin. The current will be equal to 2.468V  
divided by the value of the external resistor tied to the  
VMSET pin.  
FIGURE 10. TYPICAL OVERCURRENT HICCUP MODE  
Overcurrent Protection  
The overcurrent function protects the converter from a shorted  
output by using the upper MOSFET’s ON-resistance, r  
DS(ON)  
to monitor the current. This method enhances the converter’s  
efficiency and reduces cost by eliminating a current sensing  
resistor.  
2.468V  
The overcurrent function cycles the soft-start function in a  
hiccup mode to provide fault protection. A resistor connected  
to the drain of the upper FET and the OCSET pin programs  
the overcurrent trip level. The PHASE node voltage will be  
compared against the voltage on the OCSET pin, while the  
upper FET is on. A current (100µA typically) is pulled from the  
OCSET pin to establish the OCSET voltage. If PHASE is  
lower than OCSET while the upper FET is on then an  
overcurrent condition is detected for that clock cycle. The  
upper gate pulse is immediately terminated, and a counter is  
incremented. If an overcurrent condition is detected for  
8 consecutive clock cycles, and the circuit is not in soft-start,  
the ISL6420B enters into the soft-start hiccup mode. During  
hiccup, the external capacitor on the ENSS pin is discharged.  
After the capacitor is discharged, it is released and a soft-start  
cycle is initiated. There are three dummy soft-start delay  
cycles to allow the MOSFETs to cool down, to keep the  
average power dissipation in hiccup mode at an acceptable  
level. At the fourth soft-start cycle, the output starts a normal  
soft-start cycle, and the output tries to ramp.  
-----------------------  
I
=
(EQ. 2)  
VM  
R
VMSET  
R
FB  
-----------------------  
ΔV  
= 2.468V  
VM  
R
(EQ. 3)  
VMSET  
The power supply output increases when GPIO2 is HIGH  
and decreases when GPIO1 is HIGH. The amount that the  
output voltage of the power supply changes with voltage  
margining, will be equal to 2.468V times the ratio of the  
external feedback resistor and the external resistor tied to  
VMSET. Figure 11 shows the positive and negative  
margining for a 3.3V output, using a 20.5kΩ feedback  
resistor and using various VMSET resistor values.  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
12  
ISL6420B  
V
= 12V, V  
= 3.3V, I  
= 10A  
OUT  
IN  
OUT  
3.7  
3.6  
3.5  
3.4  
3.3  
3.2  
3.1  
3.0  
2.9  
2.8  
150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400  
RVMSET (kΩ)  
FIGURE 11. VOLTAGE MARGINING vs VMSET RESISTANCE  
FIGURE 13. PGOOD DELAY  
V
IN  
= 12V, V  
OUT  
= 3.3V, NO LOAD  
The slew time of the current is set by an external capacitor on  
the CDEL pin, which is charged and discharged with a 100µA  
current source. The change in voltage on the capacitor is 2.5V.  
This same capacitor is used to set the PGOOD active delay  
after soft-start. When PGOOD is low, the internal PGOOD  
circuitry uses the capacitor and when PGOOD is high, the  
voltage margining circuit uses the capacitor. The slew time for  
voltage margining can be in the range of 300µs to 2ms.  
External Reference/DDR Supply  
The voltage margining can be disabled by connecting the  
VMSET/MODE to VCC5. In this mode, the chip can be  
configured to work with an external reference input and  
provide a buffered reference output.  
If the VMSET/MODE pin and the GPIO1/REFIN pin are both  
tied to VCC5, then the internal 0.6V reference is used as the  
error amplifier non-inverting input. The buffered reference  
output on REFOUT will be 0.6V ±0.01V, capable of sourcing  
20mA and sinking up to 50µA current with a 2.2µF capacitor  
connected to the REFOUT pin.  
FIGURE 12A.  
V
IN  
= 12V, V  
= 3.3V, NO LOAD  
OUT  
If the VMSET/MODE pin is tied to high but GPIO1/REFIN is  
connected to an external voltage source between 0.6V to  
1.25V, then this external voltage is used as the reference  
voltage at the positive input of the error amplifier. The  
buffered reference output on REFOUT will be Vrefin ±0.01V,  
capable of sourcing 20mA and sinking up to 50µA current  
with a 2.2µF capacitor on the REFOUT pin.  
Power-Good  
The PGOOD pin can be used to monitor the status of the  
output voltage. PGOOD will be true (open drain) when the  
FB pin is within ±10% of the reference and the ENSS pin has  
completed its soft-start ramp.  
FIGURE 12B.  
Additionally, a capacitor on the CDEL pin will set a delay for the  
PGOOD signal. After the ENSS pin completes its soft-start  
ramp, a 2µA current begins charging the CDEL capacitor to  
2.5V. The capacitor will be quickly discharged before PGOOD  
goes high. The programmable delay can be used to sequence  
multiple converters or as a LOW-true reset signal.  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
13  
ISL6420B  
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds ±10% of the reference,  
then PGOOD will go low after 1µs of noise filtering.  
negative during soft-start and thus will not discharge the  
pre-biased load. The waveform for this condition is shown in  
Figure 14.  
Over-Temperature Protection  
V
= 12V, V = 3.3V at 25mA LOAD  
OUT  
The IC is protected against over-temperature conditions.  
When the junction temperature exceeds +150°C, the PWM  
shuts off. Normal operation is resumed when the junction  
temperature is cooled down to +130°C.  
IN  
Shutdown  
When ENSS pin is below 1V, the regulator is disabled with  
the PWM output drivers tri-stated. When disabled, the IC  
power will be reduced.  
Undervoltage  
If the voltage on the FB pin is less than 15% of the reference  
voltage for 8 consecutive PWM cycles, then the circuit enters  
into soft-start hiccup mode. This mode is identical to the  
overcurrent hiccup mode.  
Overvoltage Protection  
FIGURE 14. PREBIASED OUTPUT AT 25mA LOAD  
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds the reference voltage by  
15%, the lower gate driver is turned on continuously to  
discharge the output voltage. If the overvoltage condition  
continues for 32 consecutive PWM cycles, then the chip is  
turned off with the gate drivers tri-stated. The voltage on the  
FB pin will fall and reach the 15% undervoltage threshold.  
After 8 clock cycles, the chip will enter soft-start hiccup mode.  
This mode is identical to the overcurrent hiccup mode.  
Application Guidelines  
Layout Considerations  
As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is very  
important. Switching current from one power device to  
another can generate voltage transients across the  
impedances of the interconnecting bond wires and circuit  
traces. These interconnecting impedances should be  
minimized by using wide, short printed circuit traces. The  
critical components should be located as close together as  
possible using ground plane construction or single point  
grounding.  
Gate Control Logic  
The gate control logic translates generated PWM control  
signals into the MOSFET gate drive signals providing  
necessary amplification, level shifting and shoot-through  
protection. Also, it has functions that help optimize the IC  
performance over a wide range of operational conditions.  
Figure 16 shows the critical power components of the  
converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the  
interconnecting wires indicated by heavy lines should be part  
of ground or power plane in a printed circuit board. The  
components shown in Figure 16 should be located as close  
Since MOSFET switching time can vary dramatically from  
type to type and with the input voltage, the gate control logic  
provides adaptive dead time by monitoring the gate-to-  
source voltages of both upper and lower MOSFETs. The  
lower MOSFET is not turned on until the gate-to-source  
voltage of the upper MOSFET has decreased to less than  
approximately 1V. Similarly, the upper MOSFET is not turned  
on until the gate-to-source voltage of the lower MOSFET has  
decreased to less than approximately 1V. This allows a wide  
variety of upper and lower MOSFETs to be used without a  
concern for simultaneous conduction, or shoot-through.  
together as possible. Please note that the capacitors C  
IN  
and C each represent numerous physical capacitors.  
O
Locate the ISL6420B within 3 inches of the MOSFETs, Q1  
and Q2. The circuit traces for the MOSFETs’ gate and  
source connections from the ISL6420B must be sized to  
handle up to 1A peak current.  
Figure 15 shows the circuit traces that require additional  
layout consideration. Use single point and ground plane  
construction for the circuits shown. Minimize any leakage  
current paths on the SS PIN and locate the capacitor, C  
close to the SS pin because the internal current source is  
Startup into Pre-Biased Load  
The ISL6420B is designed to power-up into a pre-biased  
load. This is achieved by transitioning from Diode Emulation  
mode to a Forced Continuous Conduction mode during  
startup. The lower gate turns ON for a short period of time  
and the voltage on the phase pin is sensed. When this goes  
negative the lower gate is turned OFF and remains OFF till  
the next cycle. As a result, the inductor current will not go  
ss  
only 10µA. Provide local V  
decoupling between VCC and  
CC  
GND pins. Locate the capacitor, C  
to the BOOT and PHASE pins.  
as close as practical  
BOOT  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
14  
ISL6420B  
+V  
Q1  
IN  
V
BOOT  
IN  
D1  
OSC  
DRIVER  
DRIVER  
C
L
O
BOOT  
PHASE  
+5V  
PWM  
V
OUT  
L
ISL6420B  
O
COMPARATOR  
V
OUT  
-
SS/EN  
PHASE  
+
ΔV  
OSC  
C
C
Q2  
O
O
ESR  
(PARASITIC)  
VCC  
C
VCC  
C
SS  
Z
FB  
V
E/A  
GND  
Z
-
IN  
+
REFERENCE  
ERROR  
AMP  
FIGURE 15. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SMALL SIGNAL  
LAYOUT GUIDELINES  
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS  
Z
FB  
V
IN  
V
OUT  
C2  
Z
IN  
C1  
C3  
R3  
R2  
ISL6420B  
R1  
COMP  
UGATE  
Q1  
Q2  
L
O
FB  
V
OUT  
-
+
PHASE  
R
4
C
IN  
ISL6420B  
C
D2  
O
REF  
LGATE  
GND  
R
1
V
= V  
× 1 + ------  
OUT  
REF  
R
4
RETURN  
FIGURE 17. VOLTAGE - MODE BUCK CONVERTER  
COMPENSATION DESIGN  
FIGURE 16. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND  
GROUND PLANES OR ISLANDS  
Modulator Break Frequency Equations  
Feedback Compensation  
1
--------------------------------------  
F
=
(EQ. 4)  
(EQ. 5)  
Figure 17 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a  
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage  
(Vout) is regulated to the Reference voltage level. The error  
amplifier (Error Amp) output (V ) is compared with the  
oscillator (OSC) triangular wave to provide a pulse-width  
LC  
2π •  
L
C  
O
O
1
--------------------------------------------  
F
=
ESR  
E/A  
2π • (ESR C  
)
O
modulated (PWM) wave with an amplitude of V at the  
PHASE node. The PWM wave is smoothed by the output filter  
IN  
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier  
(internal to the ISL6420B) and the impedance networks Z  
IN  
(L and C ).  
O
O
and Z . The goal of the compensation network is to provide  
FB  
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer  
a closed loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing  
function of Vout/V . This function is dominated by a DC  
frequency (f  
) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin  
is the difference between the closed loop phase at f and  
E/A  
0dB  
Gain and the output filter (L and C ), with a double pole  
O
O
0dB  
180°. The following equations relate the compensation  
break frequency at F and a zero at F  
. The DC Gain of  
LC  
ESR  
the modulator is simply the input voltage (V ) divided by the  
IN  
network’s poles, zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2,  
R3, C1, C2, and C3) in Figure 17. Use the following  
guidelines for locating the poles and zeros of the  
compensation network.  
peak-to-peak oscillator voltage ΔV  
.
OSC  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
15  
ISL6420B  
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks  
and Z to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall  
loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with  
-20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45°.  
Include worst case component variations when determining  
phase margin.  
Compensation Break Frequency Equations  
Z
FB  
IN  
1
----------------------------------  
F
F
=
=
(EQ. 6)  
(EQ. 7)  
Z1  
P1  
2π • R2 C1  
1
------------------------------------------------------  
C1 C2  
----------------------  
2π • R2 •  
C1 + C2  
Component Selection Guidelines  
1
-----------------------------------------------------  
F
F
=
Output Capacitor Selection  
(EQ. 8)  
(EQ. 9)  
Z2  
P2  
2π • (R1 + R3) • C3  
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and supply  
the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a  
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current.  
The load transient requirements are a function of the slew  
rate (di/dt) and the magnitude of the transient load current.  
These requirements are generally met with a mix of  
capacitors and careful layout.  
1
----------------------------------  
=
2π • R3 C3  
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth  
ST  
2. Place 1 Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole  
(~75% F  
ND  
3. Place 2  
)
LC  
Modern microprocessors produce transient load rates above  
1A/ns. High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient  
and slow the current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors.  
The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by  
the ESR (effective series resistance) and voltage rating  
requirements rather than actual capacitance requirements.  
Zero at Filter’s Double Pole  
ST  
4. Place 1 Pole at the ESR Zero  
ND  
5. Place 2  
Pole at Half the Switching Frequency  
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain  
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary  
Figure 18 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC  
converter’s gain vs frequency. The actual Modulator Gain  
has a high gain peak due to the high Q factor of the output  
filter and is not shown in Figure 18. Using the previously  
mentioned guidelines should give a Compensation Gain  
similar to the curve plotted. The open loop error amplifier  
gain bounds the compensation gain. Check the  
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as  
close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be  
careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that  
could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance  
components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load on  
specific decoupling requirements. For example, Intel  
recommends that the high frequency decoupling for the  
Pentium Pro be composed of at least forty (40) 1.0µF  
ceramic capacitors in the 1206 surface-mount package.  
compensation gain at F with the capabilities of the error  
P2  
amplifier. The Loop Gain is constructed on the log-log graph  
of Figure 18 by adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the  
Compensation Gain (in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying  
the modulator transfer function to the compensation transfer  
function and plotting the gain.  
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for  
switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors.  
The bulk capacitor’s ESR will determine the output ripple  
voltage and the initial voltage drop after a high slew-rate  
transient. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor's ESR value is  
related to the case size with lower ESR available in larger  
case sizes. However, the equivalent series inductance (ESL)  
of these capacitors increases with case size and can reduce  
the usefulness of the capacitor to high slew-rate transient  
loading. Unfortunately, ESL is not a specified parameter.  
Work with your capacitor supplier and measure the  
capacitor’s impedance with frequency to select a suitable  
component. In most cases, multiple electrolytic capacitors of  
small case size perform better than a single large case  
capacitor.  
100  
F
F
P1  
F
F
Z2  
Z1  
P2  
80  
60  
40  
20  
0
OPEN LOOP  
ERROR AMP GAIN  
20LOG  
(R2/R1)  
20LOG  
(V /ΔV  
)
OSC  
IN  
COMPENSATION  
GAIN  
MODULATOR  
GAIN  
-20  
-40  
-60  
CLOSED LOOP  
GAIN  
F
LC  
F
ESR  
Output Inductor Selection  
10  
100  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
10M  
The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage  
ripple requirements and minimize the converter’s response  
time to the load transients. The inductor value determines  
the converter’s ripple current and the ripple voltage is a  
function of the ripple current and the output capacitors ESR.  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
FIGURE 18. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
16  
ISL6420B  
The ripple voltage and current are approximated by  
Equations 10 and 11:  
guideline. The RMS current rating requirement for the input  
capacitor of a buck regulator is approximately 1/2 the DC  
load current. Equation 14 shows a more specific formula for  
determining the input ripple:  
V
- V  
V
OUT OUT  
IN  
------------------------------- ---------------  
ΔI =  
(EQ. 10)  
(EQ. 11)  
L
Fs x L  
V
IN  
2
I
= I  
MAX  
(D D )  
(EQ. 14)  
RMS  
ΔV  
= ΔI ESR  
OUT  
L
For a through hole design, several electrolytic capacitors  
(Panasonic HFQ series or Nichicon PL series or Sanyo  
MV-GX or equivalent) may be needed. For surface mount  
designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but caution  
must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge current  
rating. These capacitors must be capable of handling the  
surge-current at power-up. The TPS series available from  
AVX, and the 593D series from Sprague are both surge  
current tested.  
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current  
and voltage. However, larger inductance values reduce the  
converter’s response time to a load transient.  
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to a  
load transient is the time required to change the inductor  
current. Given a sufficiently fast control loop design, the  
ISL6420B will provide either 0% or 100% duty cycle in  
response to a load transient. The response time is the time  
required to slew the inductor current from an initial current  
value to the transient current level. During this interval the  
difference between the inductor current and the transient  
current level must be supplied by the output capacitor.  
Minimizing the response time can minimize the output  
capacitance required.  
MOSFET Selection/Considerations  
The ISL6420B requires 2 N-Channel power MOSFETs.  
These should be selected based upon r  
, gate supply  
DS(ON)  
requirements, and thermal management requirements.  
In high-current applications, the MOSFET power dissipation,  
package selection and heatsink are the dominant design  
factors. The power dissipation includes two loss  
components; conduction loss and switching loss. The  
conduction losses are the largest component of power  
dissipation for both the upper and the lower MOSFETs.  
These losses are distributed between the two MOSFETs  
according to duty factor (see Equations 15 and 16). Only the  
upper MOSFET has switching losses, since the Schottky  
rectifier clamps the switching node before the synchronous  
rectifier turns on.  
The response time to a transient is different for the  
application of load and the removal of load. Equations 12  
and 13 give the approximate response time interval for  
application and removal of a transient load:  
L
× I  
TRAN  
O
-------------------------------  
t
t
=
=
(EQ. 12)  
(EQ. 13)  
RISE  
FALL  
V
V  
OUT  
IN  
L
× I  
O
TRAN  
------------------------------  
V
OUT  
2
O
1
2
where: I  
is the transient load current step, t  
is the  
TRAN  
response time to the application of load, and t  
RISE  
is the  
--  
P
= I r  
D +  
I
V t f  
IN sw sw  
(EQ. 15)  
(EQ. 16)  
UFET  
LFET  
DS(ON)  
O
FALL  
response time to the removal of load. With a +5V input  
source, the worst case response time can be either at the  
application or removal of load and dependent upon the  
output voltage setting. Be sure to check both of these  
equations at the minimum and maximum output levels for  
the worst case response time.  
2
P
= I r  
⋅ (1 D)  
O
DS(ON)  
Where D is the duty cycle = Vo/Vin, t  
interval, and f  
SW  
is the switching  
is the switching frequency.  
SW  
These equations assume linear voltage-current transitions  
and do not adequately model power loss due the reverse  
recovery of the lower MOSFET’s body diode. The gate-charge  
losses are dissipated by the ISL6420B and don't heat the  
MOSFETs. However, large gate-charge increases the  
Input Capacitor Selection  
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage  
overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small ceramic  
capacitors for high frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors  
to supply the current needed each time Q1 turns on. Place the  
small ceramic capacitors physically close to the MOSFETs  
and between the drain of Q1 and the source of Q2.  
switching interval, t  
which increases the upper MOSFET  
SW  
switching losses. Ensure that both MOSFETs are within their  
maximum junction temperature at high ambient temperature  
by calculating the temperature rise according to package  
thermal-resistance specifications. A separate heatsink may be  
necessary depending upon MOSFET power, package type,  
ambient temperature and air flow.  
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor are the  
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable  
operation, select the bulk capacitor with voltage and current  
ratings above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS  
current required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating  
should be at least 1.25x greater than the maximum input  
voltage and a voltage rating of 1.5x is a conservative  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
17  
ISL6420B  
Schottky Selection  
Rectifier D2 is a clamp that catches the negative inductor  
swing during the dead time between turning off the lower  
MOSFET and turning on the upper MOSFET. The diode must  
be a Schottky type to prevent the parasitic MOSFET body  
diode from conducting. It is acceptable to omit the diode and  
let the body diode of the lower MOSFET clamp the negative  
inductor swing, but efficiency will drop one or two percent as a  
result. The diode's rated reverse breakdown voltage must be  
greater than the maximum input voltage.  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
18  
ISL6420B  
Package Outline Drawing  
L20.4x4  
20 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE  
Rev 1, 11/06  
4X  
2.0  
4.00  
0.50  
16X  
A
6
B
16  
20  
PIN #1 INDEX AREA  
6
PIN 1  
INDEX AREA  
1
15  
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15  
11  
5
(4X)  
0.15  
6
10  
0.10 M  
C
A B  
4
0.25 +0.05 / -0.07  
TOP VIEW  
20X 0.6 +0.15 / -0.25  
BOTTOM VIEW  
SEE DETAIL "X"  
C
0.10  
0 . 90 ± 0 . 1  
C
BASE PLANE  
( 3. 6 TYP )  
(
SEATING PLANE  
0.08 C  
( 20X 0 . 5 )  
2. 10 )  
SIDE VIEW  
0 . 2 REF  
( 20X 0 . 25 )  
( 20X 0 . 8)  
5
C
0 . 00 MIN.  
0 . 05 MAX.  
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN  
DETAIL "X"  
NOTES:  
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.  
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.  
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.  
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05  
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured  
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.  
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.  
5.  
6.  
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be  
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 indentifier may be  
either a mold or mark feature.  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
19  
ISL6420B  
Shrink Small Outline Plastic Packages (SSOP)  
Quarter Size Outline Plastic Packages (QSOP)  
M20.15  
N
20 LEAD SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE  
(0.150” WIDE BODY)  
INDEX  
AREA  
0.25(0.010)  
M
B M  
H
E
GAUGE  
PLANE  
INCHES  
MIN  
MILLIMETERS  
-B-  
SYMBOL  
MAX  
0.069  
0.010  
0.061  
0.012  
0.010  
0.344  
0.157  
MIN  
1.35  
0.10  
-
MAX  
1.75  
0.25  
1.54  
0.30  
0.25  
8.74  
3.98  
NOTES  
A
A1  
A2  
B
0.053  
0.004  
-
-
1
2
3
-
L
0.25  
0.010  
SEATING PLANE  
A
-
-A-  
0.008  
0.007  
0.337  
0.150  
0.20  
0.18  
8.56  
3.81  
9
D
h x 45°  
C
D
E
-
-C-  
3
α
4
A2  
e
A1  
C
e
0.025 BSC  
0.635 BSC  
-
B
0.10(0.004)  
H
h
0.228  
0.0099  
0.016  
0.244  
0.0196  
0.050  
5.80  
0.26  
0.41  
6.19  
0.49  
1.27  
-
0.17(0.007) M  
C
A M B S  
5
NOTES:  
L
6
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of  
Publication Number 95.  
N
α
20  
20  
7
0°  
8°  
0°  
8°  
-
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.  
Rev. 1 6/04  
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.  
Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm  
(0.006 inch) per side.  
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Inter-  
lead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per  
side.  
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index  
feature must be located within the crosshatched area.  
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.  
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.  
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.  
9. Dimension “B” does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dam-  
bar protrusion shall be 0.10mm (0.004 inch) total in excess of “B” di-  
mension at maximum material condition.  
10. Controlling dimension: INCHES. Converted millimeter dimensions  
are not necessarily exact.  
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.  
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality  
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without  
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and  
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result  
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.  
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com  
FN6901.0  
April 27, 2009  
20  

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