LTC4001EUF#PBF [Linear]
LTC4001 - 2A Synchronous Buck Li-Ion Charger; Package: QFN; Pins: 16; Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C;型号: | LTC4001EUF#PBF |
厂家: | Linear |
描述: | LTC4001 - 2A Synchronous Buck Li-Ion Charger; Package: QFN; Pins: 16; Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C 电池 |
文件: | 总20页 (文件大小:231K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
LTC4001
2A Synchronous
Buck Li-Ion Charger
U
FEATURES
DESCRIPTIO
The LTC®4001 is a 2A Li-Ion battery charger intended for
5V wall adapters. It utilizes a 1.5MHz synchronous buck
converter topology to reduce power dissipation during
charging. Low power dissipation, an internal MOSFET and
sense resistor allow a physically small charger that can be
embedded in a wide range of handheld applications. The
LTC4001 includes complete charge termination circuitry,
automatic recharge and a ±1% 4.2V float voltage. Input
short-circuitprotectionisincludedsonoblockingdiodeis
required.
■
Low Power Dissipation
■
2A Maximum Charge Current
■
No External MOSFETs, Sense Resistor or Blocking
Diode Required
■
Remote Sensing at Battery Terminals
■
Programmable Charge Termination Timer
■
Preset 4.2V Float Voltage with ±0.5% Accuracy
■
Programmable Charge Current Detection/Termination
■
Automatic Recharge
■
Thermistor Input for Temperature Qualified Charging
■
Compatible with Current Limited Wall Adapters
Battery charge current, charge timeout and end-of-charge
indication parameters are set with external components.
Additionalfeaturesincludeshortedcelldetection,tempera-
ture qualified charging and overvoltage protection. The
LTC4001 is available in a low profile (0.75mm) 16-lead
(4mm × 4mm) QFN package.
■
Low Profile 16-LUead (4mm × 4mm) QFN Package
APPLICATIO S
■
Handheld Battery-Powered Devices
■
Handheld Computers
■
Charging Docks and Cradles
, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
■
Digital Cameras
■
Smart Phones
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
2A Single Cell Li-Ion Battery Charger
1.5µH
Power Loss vs V
BAT
Charging (PWM Mode)
SW
SENSE
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0
V
BATSENS
BAT
INSENSE
PV
V
IN
4.5V TO 5.5V
IN
+
4.2V
Li-Ion
10µF
10µF
PGND
LTC4001
CHRG
NTC
FAULT
EN
PROG IDET TIMER
SS GNDSENS
V
= 5V
IN
2A CHARGER
0.22µF
0.1µF
274Ω
3
3.25
3.5
V
3.75
(V)
4
4.25
4001 TA01a
BAT
4001 TA01b
4001f
1
LTC4001
W W U W
U W
U
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS
PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
TOP VIEW
PVIN, VINSENSE
t < 1ms, DC < 1% .................................... –0.3V to 7V
Steady State ............................................ –0.3V to 6V
SW, SENSE, BAT, BATSENS, SS, FAULT, CHRG, EN,
NTC, PROG, IDET, TIMER Voltage .............. –0.3V to 6V
Operating Temperature Range (Note 3) .. –40°C to 85°C
Operating Junction Temperature
16 15 14 13
BAT
SENSE
1
2
3
4
12 PROG
11 NTC
17
PGND
FAULT
10
9
GNDSENS
V
INSENSE
(Note 5) ............................................... –40°C to 125°C
Storage Temperature Range ................ –65°C to 125°C
5
6
7
8
UF PACKAGE
16-LEAD (4mm × 4mm) PLASTIC QFN
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 37°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
ORDER PART NUMBER
UF PART MARKING
4001
LTC4001EUF
Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR
Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF
Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The
IN
●
denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are T = 25°C.
A
V
= 5V, V = 0V, R
= 549Ω, R = 549Ω, unless otherwise specified.
IDET
EN
PROG
SYMBOL PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
5.5
2
UNITS
V
V
Supply Voltage
(Note 2)
4
IN
I
PV Connected to V , PROG and IDET
IN INSENSE
mA
IN
Pins Open, Charger On
Shutdown, EN = V
50
µA
IN
V
V
Regulated Float Voltage
BAT
Measured from BATSENS to GNDSENS
●
4.158
4.179
4.2
4.2
4.242
4.221
V
V
FLOAT
I
Current Mode Charge Current
R
R
= 549Ω, V
= 3.5V
= 3.5V
1.8
0.9
2
1
2.2
1.1
±5
A
A
µA
BAT
PROG
BAT
BAT
= 1.10k, V
PROG
Shutdown, EN = V
IN
I
Trickle Charge Current
V
BAT
= 2V
35
50
65
mA
TRIKL
V
Trickle Charge Threshold
V
BAT
V
BAT
Rising
Falling
3.05
2.85
3.1
3.0
3.20
3.05
V
V
TRIKL
V
V
V
Undervoltage Lockout Voltage
V
Rising, Measured from V to GNDSENS
INSENSE
2.7
2.82
V
UVL
IN
IN
IN
∆V
Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis Measured from V
to GNDSENS
100
mV
UVL
INSENSE
V
Automatic Shutdown Threshold
Voltage
V
V
– V
– V
Rising (Turn-On), V
Falling (Turn-Off), V
= 4V
= 4V
200
15
250
30
300
60
mV
mV
ASD
INSENSE
INSENSE
BATSENS
BATSENS
BATSENSE
BATSENSE
f
Oscillator Frequency
Maximum Duty Factor
1.3
1.5
1.7
MHz
%
OSC
D
R
R
100
R
R
of P-Channel MOSFET
of N-Channel MOSFET
Measured from PV to SW
127
121
mΩ
mΩ
PFET
NFET
DS(ON)
DS(ON)
IN
Measured from SW to PGND
4001f
2
LTC4001
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The
●
denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are T = 25°C.
A
V
= 5V, V = 0V, R
= 549Ω, R = 549Ω, unless otherwise specified.
IDET
IN
SYMBOL PARAMETER
Timer Accuracy
EN
PROG
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
±10
0.8
MAX
UNITS
%
t
C
V
= 0.22µF
Rising
TIMER
TIMER
V
Enable Input Threshold Voltage
Enable Input Hysteresis
0.6
1
V
EN
EN
∆V
100
1.213
1.213
200
30
mV
V
EN
PROG
IDET
V
V
PROG Pin Voltage
R
R
R
= 549Ω
PROG
IDET Pin Voltage
= 549Ω
= 549Ω
= 1V
V
IDET
IDET
I
I
IDET Threshold
150
15
250
50
mA
µA
V
IDET
CHRG Pin Weak Pull-Down Current
CHRG Pin Output Low Voltage
FAULT Pin Output Low Voltage
FAULT Pin Output High Voltage
Recharge Battery Threshold Voltage
Recharge Filter Time Constant
Recharge Time
V
CHRG
CHRG
CHRG
V
V
V
V
I
= 5mA
0.2
0.4
0.4
CHRG
OL
1mA Load
1mA Load
V
4.6
50
4
V
OH
V
– V V Falling
RECHRG BAT
100
135
16
mV
ms
%
RECHRG
FLOAT
t
t
t
RB
Percent of Total Charge Time
Percent of Total Charge Time, V
50
25
RECHRG
TRIKL
Low-Battery Trickle Charge Time
< 2.8V,
%
BAT
Measured Using BATSENS and GNDSENS Pins
I
Soft-Start Ramp Current
V
< V – 100mV, V Across BATSENS
6
12.8
µA
SS
BAT
FLOAT
BAT
and GNDSENS Pins
V
V
V
NTC Pin Cold Temperature Fault
Threshold
From NTC to GNDSENS Pin
Rising Threshold
Falling Threshold
COLD
HOT
DIS
0.74 V
0.72 V
V
V
INSENSE
INSENSE
NTC Pin Hot Temperature Fault
Threshold
From NTC to GNDSENS Pin
Falling Threshold
Rising Threshold
0.29 V
0.30 V
V
V
INSENSE
INSENSE
NTC Disable Threshold (Falling)
NTC Disable Hysteresis
From NTC to GNDSENS Pin
From NTC to GNDSENS Pin
0.015 •
V
0.02 •
INSENSE INSENSE
0.025 •
V
V
V
INSENSE
∆V
0.01 • V
INSENSE
V
DIS
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: Operation with current limited wall adapters is allowed down to the
undervoltage lockout threshold.
Note 3: The LTC4001E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications
from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C operating
temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation
with statistical process controls.
Note 4: T is calculated from the ambient temperature T and power
J A
dissipation P according to the following formula:
D
T = T + (P • 37°C/W)
J
A
D
Note 5: This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to
protect the device during momentary overload. Junction temperature will
exceed 125°C when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous
operation above the specified maximum operating junction temperature
my impair device reliability.
4001f
3
LTC4001
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS (T = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
U W
A
Oscillator Frequency
vs Temperature
Dissipation of Figure 8 Circuit
Oscillator Frequency vs V
vs I
IN
BAT
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0
V
V
V
= 5V
BAT
= 1V
V
V
= 3.2V
V
V
= 5V
BAT
IN
BAT
SS
IN
= 3.2V
= 1V
= 4V
SS
0
0.2
0
–0.25
–0.50
–0.75
–1.00
–0.2
3.5
4
5
3
5.5
6
4.5
(V)
–50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
1000
1500
2000
500
V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
IN
I
(mA)
BAT
4001 G01
4001 G02
4001 G03
Output Charging Characteristic
Showing Constant Current and
Constant Voltage Operation
Dissipation of Figure 8 Circuit
PROG Pin Characteristic
vs V
(V
vs I
)
IN
PROG
PROG
1.4
1.2
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
V
= 5V
V
BAT
= 4V
IN
I
= 2A
BAT
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
V
= 3.2V
V
= 4V
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
BAT
BAT
V
V
= 3.5V
= 3.7V
BAT
BAT
I
= 1.5A
BAT
I
= 1A
BAT
I
= 500mA
BAT
0
4.5
4.75
5
5.5
4.25
5.25
5
10
(mA)
20
0
15
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
(V)
3
3.5
4
V
IN
(V)
V
I
BAT
PROG
4001 G04
4001 G05
4001 G06
V
and Recharge Battery
FLOAT
Trickle Charge Current vs V
Threshold Voltage vs Temperature
BAT
55
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
V
= 5.5V
IN
V
FLOAT
V
= 5V
IN
50
45
40
V
= 4V
= 4.5V
IN
V
V
BAT
RECHARGE
(V
FALLING)
IN
0
0.5
1
1.5
(V)
2
2.5
3
–50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
BAT
4001 G07
4001 G08
4001f
4
LTC4001
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
IDET Threshold vs R
PROG
for
CHRG Pin Temperature Fault
Behavior (Detail)
IDET
Soft-Start (PWM Mode)
R
= 549Ω
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
INPUT
CURRENT (I
)
IN
0.5A/DIV
0
0
INDUCTOR
CHRG
1V/DIV
CURRENT (I )
L
0.5A/DIV
SOFT-START
VOLTAGE (V
)
SS
1V/DIV
0
0
EN PIN (V
)
EN
5V/DIV
4001 G11
4001 G09
TIME (20µs/DIV)
V
V
= 3.5V
2ms/DIV
BAT
= 5V
IN
0
700 800
300 400 500 600
900 100011001200
R
IDET
(Ω)
4001 G10
U
U
U
PI FU CTIO S
internal N-channel MOSFET. When the charge current
dropsbelowtheIDETthreshold(setbytheRIDET program-
mingresistor)formorethan5milliseconds, theN-channel
MOSFET turns off and a 30µA current source is connected
from CHRG to ground. (This signal is latched and is reset
by initiating a new charge cycle.) When the timer runs out
or the input supply is removed, the current source will be
disconnected and the CHRG pin is forced to a high imped-
ance state. A temperature fault causes this pin to blink.
BAT (Pin 1): Battery Charger Output Terminal. Connect a
10µF ceramic chip capacitor between BAT and PGND to
keep the ripple voltage small.
SENSE (Pin 2): Internal Sense Resistor. Connect to exter-
nal inductor.
PGND (Pin 3): Power Ground.
GNDSENS (Pin 4): Ground Sense. Connect this pin to the
negative battery terminal. GNDSENS provides a Kelvin
connection for PGND and must be connected to PGND
schematically.
PVIN (Pin 8): Positive Supply Voltage Input. This pin
connects to the power devices inside the chip. VIN ranges
from 4V to 5.5V for normal operation. Operation down to
theundervoltagelockoutthresholdisallowedwithcurrent
limited wall adapters. Decouple with a 10µF or larger
surface mounted ceramic capacitor.
SW(Pin5):SwitchNodeConnection. Thispinconnectsto
the drains of the internal main and synchronous power
MOSFET switches. Connect to external inductor.
EN(Pin6):EnableInputPin. PullingtheENpinhighplaces
the LTC4001 into a low power state where the BAT drain
current drops to less than 3µA and the supply current is
reduced to less than 50µA. For normal operation, pull the
pin low.
V
INSENSE (Pin 9): Positive Supply Sense Input. This pin
connects to the inputs of all input comparators (UVL, VIN
to VBAT). It also supplies power to the controller portion of
this chip. When the BATSENS pin rises to within 30mV of
VINSENSE, the LTC4001 enters sleep mode, dropping IIN to
50µA. Tie this pin directly to the terminal of the PVIN
decoupling capacitor.
CHRG (Pin 7): Open-Drain Charge Status Output. When
the battery is being charged, CHRG is pulled low by an
4001f
5
LTC4001
U
U
U
PI FU CTIO S
FAULT (Pin 10): Battery Fault. This pin is a logic high if a
shorted battery is detected or if a temperature fault is
detected. A temperature fault occurs with the temperature
monitor circuit enabled and the thermistor temperature is
either below 0°C or above 50°C (typical).
IDET(Pin13):ChargeRateDetectionThreshold.Connect-
ing a resistor, RIDET to GNDSENS programs the charge
rate detection threshold. If RIDET = RPROG, CHRG provides
an IBAT/10 indication. For other thresholds see the Appli-
cations Information section.
NTC (Pin 11): Input to the NTC (Negative Temperature
Coefficient) Thermistor Temperature Monitoring Circuit.
Under normal operation, tie a thermistor from the NTC pin
totheGNDSENSpinandaresistorofequalvaluefromNTC
toVIN.Whenthevoltageonthispinisabove0.74VIN (Cold,
0°C) or below 0.29VIN (Hot, 50°C), charging is disabled
and the CHRG pin blinks. When the voltage on NTC comes
back between 0.74VIN and 0.29VIN, the timer continues
where it left off and charging resumes. There is approxi-
mately 3°C of temperature hysteresis associated with
each of the input comparators. If the NTC function is not
used connect the NTC pin to GNDSENS. This will disable
alloftheNTCfunctions. NTCshouldneverbepulledabove
VIN.
SS(Pin14):Soft-Start/Compensation.Providessoft-start
function and compensation for the float voltage control
loop and compensation for the charge current control
loop.Tieasoft-start/compensationcapacitorbetweenthis
pin and GNDSENS.
TIMER (Pin 15): Timer Capacitor. The timer period is set
by placing a capacitor, CTIMER, to GNDSENS. Set CTIMER
to:
CTIMER = Time (Hrs) • 0.0733 (µF)
where time is the desired charging time.
Connect this pin to IDET to disable the timer. Connect this
pin to GNDSENS to end battery charging when IBAT drops
below the IDET charge rate threshold.
PROG (Pin 12): Charge Current Program. The RPROG
resistor connects from this pin to GNDSENS, setting the
current:
BATSENS (Pin 16): Battery Sense Input. An internal resis-
tor divider sets the final float voltage at this pin. The
resistor divider is disconnected in sleep mode or when
EN=Htoreducethebatterydraincurrent. Connectthispin
to the positive battery terminal.
1.110k
IBAT(AMPS)
RPROG
=
Exposed Pad (Pin 17): Ground. This pin must be soldered
to the PCB ground (PGND) for electrical contact and rated
thermal performance.
where IBAT is the high rate battery charging current.
4001f
6
LTC4001
W
BLOCK DIAGRA
Y
T T E R L O W B A
S H U T D O W N
O V E R C U R R E N T
T R I C K L E O N
P W M O N
4001f
7
LTC4001
U
OPERATIO
The LTC4001 is a constant current, constant voltage
Li-Ion battery charger based on a synchronous buck
architecture. Low power dissipation makes continuous
high rate (2A) battery charging practical. The battery DC
charge current is programmed by a resistor RPROG (or a
DACoutputcurrent)atthePROGpin.Thefinalbatteryfloat
voltage is internally set to 4.2V.
battery temperature and suspend charging when battery
temperature is outside the 0°C to 50°C window. A tem-
perature fault drives the FAULT pin high and makes the
CHRG pin blink. When the input voltage (VIN) is present,
the charger can be shut down by pulling the EN pin up.
IDET Blanking
The IDET comparator provides an end-of-charge indica-
tion by sensing when battery charge current is less than
the IDET threshold. To prevent a false end-of-charge
indication from occurring during soft-start, this compara-
torisblankeduntilthebatteryvoltageapproachesthefloat
voltage.
Charging begins when the VIN voltage rises above the
UVLO level (approximately 2.75V), VIN is 250mV greater
than the battery voltage and EN is low. At the beginning of
the charge cycle, if the battery voltage is less than the
trickle charge threshold, 3V, the charger goes into trickle
charge mode and delivers approximately 50mA to the
battery using a linear charger. If the battery voltage stays
low for more than one quarter of the charge time, the
battery is considered faulty, the charge cycle is terminated
and the FAULT pin produces a logic high output.
Automatic Battery Recharge
After the charge cycle is completed and if both the battery
and the input power supply (wall adapter) are still con-
nected, a new charge cycle will begin if the battery voltage
drops below 4.1V due to self-discharge or external load-
ing.Thiswillkeepthebatterynearmaximumcapacityatall
times without manually restarting the charge cycle.
Whenthebatteryvoltageexceedsthetricklechargethresh-
old, the low rate linear charger is turned off and the high
rate PWM charger ramps up (based on the SS pin capaci-
tance) reaching its full-scale constant current (set via the
PROGpin). Whenthebatteryapproachesthefloatvoltage,
the charge current will start to decrease. When the charge
current drops below the charge rate detection threshold
(set via the IDET pin) for more than 5ms, an internal
comparator turns off the internal pull-down N-channel
MOSFET at the CHRG pin, and connects a weak current
source (30µA typical) to ground to indicate a near end-of-
charge condition.
In some applications such as battery charging in GPRS
cellphones, large load current transients may cause bat-
tery voltage to momentarily drop below the recharge
threshold. To prevent these transients from initiating a
recharge cycle when it is not needed, the output of the
recharge comparator is digitally qualified. Only if the
battery voltage stays below the recharge threshold for at
least 4ms will battery recharging occur. (GPRS qualifica-
tion is available even if timeout is disabled.)
Totalchargetimeissetbyanexternalcapacitorconnected
to the timer pin. After timeout occurs, the charge cycle is
terminated and the CHRG pin is forced to a high imped-
ancestate.Torestartthechargecycle,removeandreapply
the input voltage, or momentarily shut the charger down
via the EN pin. Also, a new charge cycle will begin if the
battery voltage drops below the recharge threshold volt-
age (100mV below the float voltage). A recharge cycle
lasts only one-half of the normal charge time.
Undervoltage Lockout and Automatic Shutdown
Internal undervoltage lockout circuits monitor VIN and
keep the charger circuits shut down until VIN rises above
the undervoltage lockout threshold (3V). The UVLO has a
built-in hysteresis of 100mV. Furthermore, to protect
against reverse current, the charger also shuts down if VIN
is less than VBAT. If automatic shutdown is tripped, VIN
must increase to more than 250mV above VBAT to allow
charging.
A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor lo-
cated close to the battery pack can be used to monitor
4001f
8
LTC4001
U
OPERATIO
Overvoltage, Chip Overtemperature and Short-Circuit
Current Protection
exceeds approximately 160°C. Battery charging will be
enabled again when temperature drops to approximately
150°C.
The LTC4001 includes overvoltage, chip overtemperature
and several varieties of short-circuit protection.
Short-circuit protection is provided in several different
ways. First, a hard short on the battery terminals will
cause the charge to enter trickle charge mode, limiting
charge current to the trickle charge current (typically
50mA). Second, PWM charging is prevented if the high
rate charge current is programmed far above the 2A
maximum recommended charge current (via the PROG
pin).Third,anovercurrentcomparatormonitorsthepeak
inductor current.
A comparator turns off both chargers (high rate and
trickle) if battery voltage exceeds the float voltage by
approximately 5%. This may occur in situations where the
battery is accidentally disconnected while battery charg-
ing is underway.
Acomparatorcontinuouslymonitorson-chiptemperature
andwillshutoffthebatterychargerwhenchiptemperature
4001f
9
LTC4001
W U U
U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Soft-Start and Compensation Capacitor Selection
The IDET threshold (a charge current threshold used to
determine when the battery is nearly fully charged) is
programmed in much the same way as the PROG pin,
except that the IDET threshold is 91.5 times the current
delivered by the IDET pin. This current is usually set with
an external resistor from IDET to ground, but it may also
besetwithacurrentoutputDAC. ThevoltageonthePROG
pin is nominally 1.213V.
The LTC4001 has a low current trickle charger and a
PWM-basedhighcurrentcharger.Soft-startisusedwhen-
ever the high rate charger is initially turned on, preventing
high start-up current. Soft-start ramp rate is set by the
internal 12.8µA pull-up current and an external capacitor.
The control range on the SS pin is approximately 0.3V to
1.6V. With a 0.1µF capacitor, the time to ramp up to
maximum duty cycle is approximately 10ms.
For 200mA IDET current (corresponding to C/10 for a
2AHr battery):
TheexternalcapacitorontheSSpinalsosetsthecompen-
sation for the current control loop and the float voltage
control loop. A minimum capacitance of 10nF is required.
91.5•1.213V
RIDET
=
≅ 554.9Ω
0.2A
Charge Current and IDET Programming
1.10kΩ programs approximately 100mA and 274Ω ap-
proximately 400mA.
The LTC4001 has two different charge modes. If the
battery is severely depleted (battery voltage less than
2.9V) a 50mA trickle current is initially used. If the battery
voltage is greater than the trickle charge threshold, high
rate charging is used.
For applications where IDET is set to one tenth of the high
rate charge current, and slightly poorer charger current
and IDET threshold accuracy is acceptable, the PROG and
IDET pins may be tied together and a single resistor, R1,
can program both (Figure 1).
This higher charge current is programmable and is ap-
proximately 915 times the current delivered by the PROG
pin. This current is usually set with an external resistor
from PROG to GNDSENS, but it may also be set with a
current output DAC connected to the PROG pin. The
voltage on the PROG pin is nominally 1.213V.
457.5•1.213
R1=
ICHARGE
and
ICHARGE
IDET =
For 2A charge current:
915•1.213V
10
RPROG
=
≅ 554.9Ω
2A
LTC4001
PROG IDET
R1
274Ω FOR 2A
GNDSENS
4001 F01
Figure 1. Programming Charge Current and IDET Threshold
with a Single Resistor
4001f
10
LTC4001
W U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
U
The equations for calculating R1 (used in single resistor
programming) differ from the equations for calculating
RPROG andRIDET (2-resistorprogramming)andreflectthe
fact that the current from both the IDET and PROG pins
must flow through a single resistor R1 when a single
programming resistor is used.
through the 390k resistor. When charging stops, the
CHRG pin changes to a high impedance state and the 390k
resistor will then pull the pin high to indicate charging has
stopped.
Charge Termination
Batterychargingmaybeterminatedseveraldifferentways,
depending on the connections made to the TIMER pin. For
time-based termination, connect a capacitor between the
TIMERpinandGNDSENS(CTIMER=Time(Hrs)0.0733µF).
Charging may be terminated when charge current drops
below the IDET threshold by tying TIMER to GNDSENS.
Finally, charge termination may be defeated by tying
TIMER to IDET. In this case, an external device can
terminate charging by pulling the EN pin high.
CHRG Status Output Pin
When a charge cycle starts, the CHRG pin is pulled to
groundbyaninternalN-channelMOSFETwhichiscapable
of driving an LED. When the charge current drops below
the end-of-charge (IDET) threshold for at least 4ms, and
thebatteryvoltageisclosetothefloatvoltage,theN-channel
MOSFET turns off and a weak 30µA current source to
ground is connected to the CHRG pin. This weak pull-
down remains until the charge cycle ends. After charging
ends, the pin will become high impedance. By using two
different value resistors, a microprocessor can detect
three states from this pin (charging, end-of-charge and
charging stopped). See Figure 2.
Battery Temperature Detection
Whenbatterytemperatureisoutofrange(eithertoohotor
toocold)chargingistemporarilyhaltedandtheFAULTpin
is driven high. In addition, if the battery is still charging at
a high rate (greater than the IDET current) when a tem-
peraturefaultoccurs,theCHRGpinNMOSturnsonandoff
at approximately 50kHz, alternating between a high and
low duty factor at an approximate rate of 1.5Hz (Figure 3).
This provides a low rate visual indication (1.5Hz) when
driving an LED from the CHRG pin while providing a fast
temperature fault indication (20useconds typical) to a
microprocessor by tying the CHRG pin to an interrupt line.
Serrations within this pulse are typically 500ns wide.
To detect the charge mode, force the digital output pin,
OUT, high and measure the voltage on the CHRG pin. The
N-channelMOSFETwillpullthepinlowevenwitha2kpull-
up resistor. Once the charge current drops below the end-
of-charge threshold, the N-channel MOSFET is turned off
and a 30µA current source is connected to the CHRG pin.
The IN pin will then be pulled high by the 2k resistor
connected to OUT. Now force the OUT pin into a high
impedance state, the current source will pull the pin low
V
V
DD
IN
R1
390k
R2
2k
µPROCESSOR
LTC4001
CHRG
OUT
4001 F03
20µs
IN
4001 F02
667ms
Figure 2. Microprocessor Interface
Figure 3. CHRG Temperature Fault Waveform
4001f
11
LTC4001
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Thebatterytemperatureismeasuredbyplacinganegative
temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor close to the
battery pack. To use this feature, connect the NTC ther-
mistor, RNTC, between the NTC pin and GNDSENS and the
resistor, RNOM, from the NTC pin to VINSENSE. RNOM
should be a 1% resistor with a value equal to the value of
the chosen NTC thermistor at 25°C. The LTC4001 goes
into hold mode when the resistance, RHOT, of the NTC
thermistor drops to 0.41 times the value of RNOM. For
instance for RNTC = 10k. (The value for a Vishay
NTHS0603N02N1002J thermistor at 25°C) hold occurs at
approximately 4.1k, which occurs at 50°C. The hold mode
freezes the timer and stops the charge cycle until the
thermistor indicates a return to a valid temperature. As the
temperature drops, the resistance of the NTC thermistor
rises. TheLTC4001isdesignedtogointoholdmodewhen
thevalueoftheNTCthermistorincreasesto2.82timesthe
valueofRNOM.ThisresistanceisRCOLD.FortheVishay10k
thermistor, this value is 28.2k, which corresponds to
approximately 0°C. The hot and cold comparators each
have approximately 3°C of hysteresis to prevent oscilla-
tion about the trip point. Grounding the NTC pin disables
the NTC function.
Increasing RNOM will move the trip points to higher tem-
peratures. To calculate RNOM for a shift to lower tempera-
ture for example, use the following equation:
RCOLD
2.815
RNOM
=
•RNTC at 25°C
where RCOLD is the resistance ratio of RNTC at the desired
cold temperature trip point. If you want to shift the trip
points to higher temperatures use the following equation:
RHOT
0.4086
RNOM
=
•RNTC at 25°C
where RHOT is the resistance ratio of RNTC at the desired
hot temperature trip point.
Here is an example using a 100k R-T Curve 1 thermistor
from Vishay Dale. The difference between trip points is
44°C, from before, and we want the cold trip point to be
0°C, which would put the hot trip point at 44°C. The RNOM
needed is calculated as follows:
RCOLD
2.815
3.266
RNOM
=
=
•RNTC at 25°C
•100k = 116k
Thermistors
2.815
The LTC4001 NTC trip points were designed to work with
thermistorswhoseresistancetemperaturecharacteristics
follow Vishay Dale’s “R-T Curve 2.” However, any ther-
mistor whose ratio of RCOLD to RHOT is about 7 will also
work (Vishay Dale R-T Curve 2 shows a ratio of RCOLD to
RHOT of 2.815/0.4086 = 6.89).
The nearest 1% value for RNOM is 115k. This is the value
used to bias the NTC thermistor to get cold and hot trip
points of approximately 0°C and 44°C respectively. To
extend the delta between the cold and hot trip points a
resistor, R1, can be added in series with RNTC (see
Figure 4). The values of the resistors are calculated as
follows:
Power conscious designs may want to use thermistors
whoseroomtemperaturevalueisgreaterthan10k. Vishay
Dale has a number of values of thermistor from 10k to
100k that follow the “R-T Curve 1.” Using these as indi-
cated in the NTC Thermistor section will give temperature
trip points of approximately 3°C and 47°C, a delta of 44°C.
This delta in temperature can be moved in either direction
RCOLD –RHOT
2.815 – 0.4086
RNOM
=
0.4086
2.815 – 0.4086
R1=
• RCOLD –RHOT –R
HOT
(
)
by changing the value of RNOM with respect to RNTC
.
4001f
12
LTC4001
W U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
U
V
INSENSE
9
LTC4001 NTC BLOCK
TOO COLD
0.74 • V
–
+
INSENSE
R
NOM
121k
NTC
11
R1
13.3k
–
+
TOO HOT
0.29 • V
INSENSE
R
NTC
100k
+
–
NTC ENABLE
0.02 • V
INSENSE
GNDSENS
4
4001 F04
Figure 4. Extending the Delta Temperature
where RNOM is the value of the bias resistor, RHOT and
RCOLD are the values of RNTC at the desired temperature
trip points. Continuing the example from before with a
desired hot trip point of 50°C:
capacitor is recommended for both the input and output
capacitors because it provides low ESR and ESL and can
handle the high RMS ripple currents. However, some high
Q capacitors may produce high transients due to self-
resonance under some start-up conditions, such as con-
necting the charger input to a hot power source. For more
information, refer to Application Note 88.
100k • 3.2636 – 0.3602
RCOLD –RHOT
(
)
RNOM
=
=
2.815 – 0.4086
2.815 – 0.4086
EMI considerations usually make it desirable to minimize
ripple current in the battery leads, and beads or inductors
maybeaddedtoincreasebatteryimpedanceatthe1.5MHz
switching frequency. Switching ripple current splits be-
tween the battery and the output capacitor depending on
theESRoftheoutputcapacitorandthebatteryimpedance.
If the ESR of the output capacitor is 0.1Ω and the battery
impedanceisraisedto2Ωwithabeadorinductor,only5%
of the ripple current will flow in the battery. Similar
techniques may also be applied to minimize EMI from the
input leads.
= 120.8k, 121k is nearest 1%
0.4086
2.815 – 0.4086
⎛
⎜
⎝
⎞
⎠
R1= 100k •
• 3.266 – 0.3602 – 0.3602
(
⎟
)
= 13.3k, 13.3k is nearest 1%
The final solution is as shown if Figure 4 where RNOM
121k, R1 = 13.3k and RNTC = 100k at 25°C.
=
Input and Output Capacitors
The LTC4001 uses a synchronous buck regulator to pro-
vide high battery charging current. A 10µF chip ceramic
4001f
13
LTC4001
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Inductor Selection
Remote Sensing
A high (1.5MHz) operating frequency was chosen for the
buckswitcherinordertominimizethesizeoftheinductor.
However, take care to use inductors with low core losses
at this frequency. A good choice is the IHLP-2525AH-01
from Vishay Dale.
For highest float voltage accuracy, tie GNDSENS and
BATSENS directly to the battery terminals. In a similar
fashion, tie BAT and PGND directly to the battery termi-
nals. This eliminates IR drops in the GNDSENS and
BATSENS lines by preventing charge current from flowing
in them.
To calculate the inductor ripple current:
Operation with a Current Limited Wall Adapter
2
VBAT
VBAT
–
Walladapterswithorwithoutcurrentlimitingmaybeused
with the LTC4001, however, lowest power dissipation
batterychargingoccurswithacurrentlimitedwalladapter.
To use this feature, the wall adapter must limit at a current
smaller than the high rate charge current programmed
into the LTC4001. For example, if the LTC4001 is pro-
grammed to charge at 2A, the wall adapter current limit
must be less than 2A.
V
IN
∆IL =
L • f
where VBAT is the battery voltage, VIN is the input voltage,
L is the inductance and f is the PWM oscillator frequency
(typically 1.5MHz). Maximum inductor ripple current oc-
curs at maximum VIN and VBAT = VIN/2.
Peak inductor current will be:
Tounderstandoperationwithacurrentlimitedwalladapter,
assume battery voltage, VBAT, is initially below VTRIKL, the
trickle charge threshold (Figure 5). Battery charging be-
gins at approximately 50mA, well below the wall adapter
current limit so the voltage into the LTC4001 (VIN) is the
wall adapter’s rated output voltage (VADAPTER). Battery
voltageriseseventuallyreachingVTRIKL.Thelinearcharger
shutsoff, thePWM(highrate)chargerturnsonandasoft-
start cycle begins. Battery charging current rises during
the soft-start cycle causing a corresponding increase in
wall adapter load current. When the wall adapter reaches
currentlimit,thewalladapteroutputvoltagecollapsesand
the LTC4001 PWM charger duty cycle ramps up to 100%
(the topside PMOS switch in the LTC4001 buck regulator
stays on continuously). As the battery voltage approaches
VFLOAT, the float voltage error amplifier commands the
PWM charger to deliver less than ILIMIT. The wall adapter
IPK = IBAT + 0.5 • ∆IL
where IBAT is the maximum battery charging current.
When sizing the inductor make sure that the peak current
will not exceed the saturation current of the inductors.
Also, ∆IL should never exceed 0.4(IBAT) as this may
interfere with proper operation of the output short-circuit
protection comparator. 1.5µH provides reasonable induc-
tor ripple current in a typical application. With 1.5µH and
2A charge current:
2.85V2
2.85V –
5.5V
∆IL =
= 0.61AP-P
1.5µH •1.5MHz
and
IPK = 2.31A
exits current limit and the VIN jumps back up to VADAPTER
.
4001f
14
LTC4001
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
PWM
CHARGING
LINEAR CHARGING
WALL ADAPTER IN CURRENT LIMIT
V
ADAPTER
V
+ V
DROP
BAT
V
IN
I
LIMIT
I
BAT
I
TRICKLE
4001 F05
V
V
FLOAT
TRIKL
V
BAT
Figure 5. Charging Characteristic
Battery charging current continues to drop as the VBAT
rises, droppingtozeroatVFLOAT. Becausethevoltagedrop
intheLTC4001isverylowwhenchargecurrentishighest,
power dissipation is also very low.
The total LTC4001 power dissipation during current lim-
ited charging is:
PD = (VBAT + VDROP) • (IIN + IP) + VDROP • ILIMIT
where IIN is the chip quiescent current and IP is total
currentflowingthroughtheIDETandPROGprogramming
pins. Maximum dissipation in this mode occurs with the
highest VBAT that keeps the wall adapter in current limit
(which is very close to VFLOAT), highest quiescent current
IIN, highest PMOS on resistance RPFET, highest ILIMIT and
highest programming current IP.
Thermal Calculations (PWM and Trickle Charging)
TheLTC4001operatesasalinearchargerwhencondition-
ing (trickle) charging a battery and operates as a high rate
buck battery charger at all other times. Power dissipation
should be determined for both operating modes.
For linear charger mode:
Assume the LTC4001 is programmed for 2A charging and
200mA IDET and that a 1.5A wall adapter is being used:
PD = (VIN – VBAT) • ITRIKL + VIN • IIN
where IIN is VIN current consumed by the IC.
ILIMIT = 1500mA, RPFET = 127mΩ, IIN = 2mA, IP = 4mA and
VBAT ≈ VFLOAT = 4.242V
Worst-casedissipationoccursforVBAT=0,maximumVIN,
and maximum quiescent and trickle charge current. For
example with 5.5V maximum input voltage and 65mA
worst case trickle charge current, and 2mA worst-case
chip quiescent current:
then:
VDROP = 1500mA • 127mΩ = 190.5mV
and:
PD = (5.5 – 0) • 65mA + 5.5 • 2mA = 368.5mW
PD = (4.242V + 0.1905V) • (2mA + 4mA) + 0.1905V
• 1500mA = 312mW
LTC4001 power dissipation is very low if a current limited
wall adapter is used and allowed to enter current limit.
When the wall adapter is in current limit, the voltage drop
across the LTC4001 charger is:
Power dissipation in buck battery charger mode may be
estimated from the dissipation curves given in the Typical
Performance Characteristics section of the data sheet.
This will slightly overestimate chip power dissipation
because it assumes all loss, including loss from external
components, occurs within the chip.
V
DROP = ILIMIT • RPFET
where ILIMIT is the wall adapter current limit and RPFET is
the on resistance of the topside PMOS switch.
4001f
15
LTC4001
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U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Insert the highest power dissipation figure into the follow-
up until VBAT crosses the trickle charge threshold. When
thisoccurs,theLTC4001switchesoverfromtricklecharge
to high rate (PWM) charge mode but initially delivers zero
current (because the soft-start pin is at zero). Battery
voltage drops as a result of the system load, crossing
below the trickle charge threshold. The charger re-enters
trickle charge mode and the battery voltage ramps up
again until the battery charger re-enters high rate mode.
ingequationtodeterminemaximumjunctiontemperature:
TJ = TA + (PD • 37°C/W)
TheLTC4001includeschipovertemperatureprotection. If
junction temperature exceeds 160°C (typical), the chip
will stop battery charging until chip temperature drops
below 150°C.
The soft-start voltage is slightly higher this time around
(than in the previous PWM cycle). Every successive time
that the charger enters high rate (PWM) charge mode, the
soft-startpinisataslightlyhighervoltage. Eventuallyhigh
rate charge mode begins with a soft-start voltage that
causes the PWM charger to provide more current than the
systemloaddemands, andVBAT rapidlyrisesuntilthefloat
voltage is reached.
Using the LTC4001 in Applications Without a Battery
The LTC4001 is normally used in end products that only
operate with the battery attached (Figure 6). Under these
conditions the battery is available to supply load transient
currents. For indefinite operation with a powered wall
adapter there are only two requirements—that the aver-
age current drawn by the load is less than the high rate
charge current, and that VBAT stays above the trickle
charge threshold when the load is initially turned on and
during other load transients. When making this determi-
nation take into account battery impedance. If battery
voltage is less than the trickle charge threshold, the
system load may be turned off until VBAT is high enough
to meet these conditions.
For battery-less operation, system load current should be
restrictedtolessthantheworstcasetricklechargecurrent
(preferably less than 30mA) when VBAT is less than 3.15V
(through an undervoltage lockout or other means). Above
VBAT = 3.15V, system load current less than or equal to the
high rate charge current is allowed. If operation without a
battery is required, additional low-ESR output filtering
improves start-up and other load transients. Battery-less
start-up is also improved if a 10k resistor is placed in
series with the soft-start capacitor.
The situation changes dramatically with the battery re-
moved (Figure 7). Since the battery is absent, VBAT begins
at zero when a powered wall adapter is first connected to
the battery charger. With a maximum load less than the
LTC4001 trickle charge current, battery voltage will ramp
LTC4001
BATTERY
CHARGER
SYSTEM
LOAD
WALL
ADAPTER
4001 F06
+
Li-Ion
BATTERY
Figure 6. Typical Application
4001f
16
LTC4001
W U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
U
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
4
4
4
6
6
6
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
14
16
16
16
18
18
18
20
20
20
22
22
22
24
TIME (ms)
500
250
0
12
14
24
TIME (ms)
PWM
CHARGE
TRICKLE
CHARGE
12
14
24
TIME (ms)
4001 F07
Figure 7. Battery-Less Start-Up
4001f
17
LTC4001
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U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Layout Considerations
With the exception of the input and output filter capacitors
(which should be connected to PGND) all other compo-
nents that return to ground should be connected to
GNDSENS.
Switch rise and fall times are kept under 5ns for maximum
efficiency. To minimize radiation, the SW pin and input
bypass capacitor leads (between PVIN and PGND) should
be kept as short as possible. A ground plane should be
used under the switching circuitry to prevent interplane
coupling. The Exposed Pad must be connected to the
ground plane for proper power dissipation. The other
paths contain only DC and/or 1.5MHz tri-wave ripple
current and are less critical.
Recommended Components Manufacturers
For a list of recommend component manufacturers, con-
tact the Linear Technology application department.
L1
1.5µH
SW
SENSE
V
BATSENS
INSENSE
V
IN
PV
BAT
2AHr
+
IN
4.5V TO 5.5V
C4
C1
4.2V
10µF
10µF
R1
R2
Li-Ion
PGND
10k 1k
D1
LED
LTC4001
CHRG
NTC
TO µP
FROM µP
FAULT
EN
R3
PROG IDET
TIMER SS GNDSENS
10k
C2
AT 25°C
0.22µF
R4
549Ω
R5
549Ω
C3
0.1µF
4001 F08
L1: VISHAY DALE IHLP-2525AH-01
R3: NTC VISHAY DALE NTHS0603N02N1002J
Figure 8. 2A Li-Ion Battery Charger with 3Hr Timer, Temperature
Qualification, Soft-Start, Remote Sensing and C/10 Indication
4001f
18
LTC4001
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
UF Package
16-Lead Plastic QFN (4mm × 4mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1692)
0.72 ±0.05
4.35 ± 0.05
2.90 ± 0.05
2.15 ± 0.05
(4 SIDES)
PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.30 ±0.05
0.65 BSC
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.20 TYP
OR 0.35 × 45° CHAMFER
0.75 ± 0.05
R = 0.115
TYP
4.00 ± 0.10
(4 SIDES)
15
16
0.55 ± 0.20
PIN 1
TOP MARK
(NOTE 6)
1
2
2.15 ± 0.10
(4-SIDES)
(UF16) QFN 10-04
0.200 REF
0.30 ± 0.05
0.65 BSC
0.00 – 0.05
NOTE:
1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 VARIATION (WGGC)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION
ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
4001f
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tationthattheinterconnectionofitscircuitsasdescribedhereinwillnotinfringeonexistingpatentrights.
19
LTC4001
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
COMMENTS
LT®1511
3A Constant Current/Constant Voltage Battery Charger High Efficiency, Minimum External Components to Fast Charge Lithium,
NIMH and NiCd Batteries, 24-Lead SO Package
LT1513
LT1571
LTC1729
SEPIC Constant or Programmable Current/Constant
Voltage Battery Charger
Charger Input Voltage May Be Higher, Equal to or Lower Than Battery
Voltage, 500kHz Switching Frequency, DD Pak and TO-220 Packages
1.5A Switching Charger
1- or 2-Cell Li-Ion, 500kHz or 200kHz Switching Frequency,
Termination Flag, 16- and 28-Lead SSOP Packages
Li-Ion Battery Charger Termination Controller
Trickle Charge Preconditioning, Temperature Charge Qualification,
Time or Charge Current Termination, Automatic Charger and Battery
Detection, and Status Output, MS8 and SO-8 Packages
LT1769
2A Switching Charger
Constant Current/Constant Voltage Switching Regulator, Input Current
Limiting Maximizes Charge Current, 20-Lead TSSOP and 28-Lead SSOP
Packages
LTC4002
LTC4006
LTC4007
LTC4008
Standalone Li-Ion Switch Mode Battery Charger
Complete Charger for 1- or 2-Cell Li-Ion Batteries, Onboard Timer
Termination, Up to 4A Charge Current, 10-Lead DFN and SO-8 Packages
Small, High Efficiency, Fixed Voltage Li-Ion Battery
Charger with Termination
Complete Charger for 2-, 3- or 4-Cell Li-Ion Batteries, AC Adapter
Current Limit and Thermistor Sensor, 16-Lead Narrow SSOP Package
High Efficiency, Programmable Voltage Battery
Charger with Termination
Complete Charger for 3- or 4-Cell Li-Ion Batteries, AC Adapter Current
Limit, Thermistor Sensor and Indicator Outputs, 24-Lead SSOP Package
4A, High Efficiency, Multi-Chemistry Battery Charger
Complete Charger for 2- to 6-Cell Li-Ion Batteries or 4- to 18-Cell Nickel
Batteries, Up to 96% Efficiency, 20-Lead SSOP Package
4001f
LT 0406 • PRINTED IN THE USA
LinearTechnology Corporation
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
20
●
●
(408) 432-1900 FAX: (408) 434-0507 www.linear.com
© LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2006
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