PIC16LF726-E/SO [MICROCHIP]
28/40/44-Pin Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology; 28 /40/ 44引脚闪存单片机采用纳瓦XLP技术型号: | PIC16LF726-E/SO |
厂家: | MICROCHIP |
描述: | 28/40/44-Pin Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology |
文件: | 总302页 (文件大小:4540K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Data Sheet
28/40/44-Pin Flash Microcontrollers
with nanoWatt XLP Technology
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•
•
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability
arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip
devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at
the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and
hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,
suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip
intellectual property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,
rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor,
MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified
logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Octopus, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
32
PICtail, PIC logo, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total
Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA
are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2009, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
DS41341E-page 2
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
28/40/44-Pin Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology
Devices Included In This Data Sheet:
Extreme Low-Power Management
PIC16LF72X with nanoWatt XLP:
PIC16F72X Devices:
• Sleep Mode: 20 nA
• Watchdog Timer: 500 nA
• Timer1 Oscillator: 600 nA @ 32 kHz
• PIC16F722
• PIC16F723
• PIC16F724
• PIC16F726
• PIC16F727
Analog Features:
PIC16LF72X Devices:
• A/D Converter:
• PIC16LF722
• PIC16LF723
• PIC16LF724
• PIC16LF726
• PIC16LF727
- 8-bit resolution and up to 14 channels
- Conversion available during Sleep
- Selectable 1.024/2.048/4.096V voltage
reference
High-Performance RISC CPU:
• On-chip 3.2V Regulator (PIC16F72X devices only)
• Only 35 Instructions to Learn:
- All single-cycle instructions except branches
• Operating Speed:
- DC – 20 MHz oscillator/clock input
- DC – 200 ns instruction cycle
• Up to 8K x 14 Words of Flash Program Memory
• Up to 368 Bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
• Interrupt Capability
Peripheral Highlights:
• Up to 35 I/O Pins and 1 Input-only Pin:
- High-current source/sink for direct LED drive
- Interrupt-on-pin change
- Individually programmable weak pull-ups
• Timer0: 8-Bit Timer/Counter with 8-Bit Prescaler
• Enhanced Timer1:
- Dedicated low-power 32 kHz oscillator
- 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler
- External Gate Input mode with toggle and
single shot modes
• 8-Level Deep Hardware Stack
• Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes
• Processor Read Access to Program Memory
• Pinout Compatible to other 28/40-pin PIC16CXXX
and PIC16FXXX Microcontrollers
- Interrupt-on-gate completion
• Timer2: 8-Bit Timer/Counter with 8-Bit Period
Register, Prescaler and Postscaler
Special Microcontroller Features:
• Two Capture, Compare, PWM (CCP) Modules:
- 16-bit Capture, max. resolution 12.5 ns
- 16-bit Compare, max. resolution 200 ns
- 10-bit PWM, max. frequency 20 kHz
• Addressable Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (AUSART)
• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP):
• Precision Internal Oscillator:
- 16 MHz or 500 kHz operation
- Factory calibrated to ±1%, typical
- Software tunable
- Software selectable ÷1, ÷2, ÷4 or ÷8 divider
• 1.8V-5.5V Operation – PIC16F72X
• 1.8V-3.6V Operation – PIC16LF72X
• Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up Timer (PWRT)
and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
• Brown-out Reset (BOR):
- SPI (Master/Slave)
- I2CTM (Slave) with Address Mask
• mTouchTM Sensing Oscillator Module:
- Up to 16 input channels
- Selectable between two trip points
- Disable in Sleep option
• Programmable Code Protection
• In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) via Two
Pins
• Multiplexed Master Clear with Pull-up/Input Pin
• Industrial and Extended Temperature Range
• High-Endurance Flash Cell:
- 1,000 write Flash endurance (typical)
- Flash retention: > 40 years
• Power-Saving Sleep mode
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 3
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Program
Memory
Flash
SRAM
(bytes)
8-bit A/D
(ch)
Timers
8/16-bit
Device
I/Os
Interrupts
AUSART
CCP
(words)
PIC16F722/
PIC16LF722
2048
4096
4096
8192
8192
128
192
192
368
368
25
25
36
25
36
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
14
11
14
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
2
2
2
2
2/1
2/1
2/1
2/1
2/1
PIC16F723/
PIC16LF723
PIC16F724/
PIC16LF724
PIC16F726/
PIC16LF726
PIC16F727/
PIC16LF727
DS41341E-page 4
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Pin Diagrams – 28-PIN PDIP/SOIC/SSOP/QFN/UQFN (PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726)
PDIP, SOIC, SSOP
RB7/ICSPDAT
28
27
26
25
1
2
3
4
5
6
VPP/MCLR/RE3
(3)
(2)
RB6/ICSPCLK
VCAP /SS /AN0/RA0
RB5/AN13/CPS5/T1G
RB4/AN11/CPS4
AN1/RA1
AN2/RA2
(1)
24
23
RB3/AN9/CPS3/CCP2
RB2/AN8/CPS2
VREF/AN3/RA3
T0CKI/CPS6/RA4
(3)
(2)
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
RB1/AN10/CPS1
VCAP /SS /CPS7/AN4/RA5
7
8
9
RB0/AN12/CPS0/INT
VSS
VDD
CLKIN/OSC1/RA7
(3)
VSS
10
11
VCAP /CLKOUT/OSC2/RA6
RC7/RX/DT
T1CKI/T1OSO/RC0
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
(1)
12
13
14
CCP2 /T1OSI/RC1
CCP1/RC2
RC4/SDI/SDA
SCL/SCK/RC3
QFN, UQFN
(1)
AN2/RA2
VREF/AN3/RA3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
RB3/AN9/CPS3/CCP2
RB2/AN8/CPS2
RB1/AN10/CPS1
RB0/AN12/CPS0/INT
VDD
T0CKI/CPS6/RA4
PIC16F722/723/726/
PIC16LF722/723/726
(3)
(2)
VCAP /SS /CPS7/AN4/RA5
VSS
CLKIN/OSC1/RA7
VSS
(3)
VCAP /CLKOUT/OSC2/RA6
RC7/RX/DT
Note 1: CCP2 pin location may be selected as RB3 or RC1.
2: SS pin location may be selected as RA5 or RA0.
3: PIC16F722/723/726 devices only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 5
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 1:
28-PIN PDIP/SOIC/SSOP/QFN/UQFN SUMMARY
(PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726)
28-Pin
28-Pin
QFN,
UQFN
PDIP,
SOIC,
SSOP
I/O
A/D
Cap Sensor
Timers
CCP
AUSART
SSP
Interrupt Pull-Up
Basic
(4)
RA0
RA1
RA2
RA3
RA4
RA5
RA6
RA7
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
RB4
RB5
RB6
RB7
RC0
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
RC7
RE3
—
2
3
27
28
1
AN0
AN1
AN2
AN3/VREF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
SS(3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y
VCAP
—
—
—
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
3
CPS6
CPS7
—
T0CKI
—
—
—
SS(3)
—
—
(4)
7
4
AN4
—
—
—
—
—
VCAP
(4)
10
9
7
—
—
—
—
—
OSC2/CLKOUT/VCAP
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
OSC1/CLKIN
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
8
AN12
AN10
AN8
AN9
AN11
AN13
—
CPS0
CPS1
CPS2
CPS3
CPS4
CPS5
—
—
—
—
—
IOC/INT
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y
—
—
—
CCP2(2)
—
—
Y
—
—
—
—
Y
—
—
—
—
—
Y
—
T1G
—
—
—
Y
—
—
—
—
—
Y
ICSPCLK/ICDCLK
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y
ICSPDAT/ICDDAT
—
—
T1OSO/T1CKI
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y(1)
—
—
—
9
—
—
T1OSI
—
CCP2(2)
CCP1
—
—
—
—
—
10
11
12
13
14
15
26
17
5,16
—
—
—
—
SCK/SCL
SDI/SDA
SDO
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
TX/CK
RX/DT
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MCLR/VPP
VDD
20
8,19
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
VSS
Note 1:
Pull-up enabled only with external MCLR configuration.
2:
3:
4:
RC1 is the default pin location for CCP2. RB3 may be selected by changing the CCP2SEL bit in the APFCON register.
RA5 is the default pin location for SS. RA0 may be selected by changing the SSSEL bit in the APFCON register.
PIC16F72X devices only.
Note:
The PIC16F72X devices have an internal low dropout voltage regulator. An external capacitor must be
connected to one of the available VCAP pins to stabilize the regulator. For more information, see
Section 5.0 “Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator”. The PIC16LF72X devices do not have the voltage
regulator and therefore no external capacitor is required.
DS41341E-page 6
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Pin Diagrams – 40-PIN PDIP (PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727)
RB7/ICSPDAT
40
39
38
37
36
35
1
2
3
4
5
6
VPP/MCLR/RE3
(3)
(2)
RB6/ICSPCLK
VCAP /SS /AN0/RA0
AN1/RA1
RB5/AN13/CPS5/T1G
RB4/AN11/CPS4
AN2/RA2
(1)
RB3/AN9/CPS3/CCP2
RB2/AN8/CPS2
VREF/AN3/RA3
T0CKI/CPS6/RA4
(3)
(2)
RB1/AN10/CPS1
VCAP /SS /CPS7/AN4/RA5
34
33
32
31
30
7
8
9
RB0/AN12/CPS0/INT
AN5/RE0
VDD
AN6/RE1
AN7/RE2
VDD
VSS
10
11
RD7/CPS15
RD6/CPS14
VSS
29
12
RD5/CPS13
RD4/CPS12
RC7/RX/DT
CLKIN/OSC1/RA7
28
27
26
25
13
14
15
16
(3)
VCAP /CLKOUT/OSC2/RA6
T1CKI/T1OSO/RC0
(1)
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
CCP2 /T1OSI/RC1
24
23
CCP1/RC2
17
18
RC4/SDI/SDA
RD3/CPS11
RD2/CPS10
SCL/SCK/RC3
CPS8/RD0
CPS9/RD1
22
21
19
20
Note 1: CCP2 pin location may be selected as RB3 or RC1.
2: SS pin location may be selected as RA5 or RA0.
3: PIC16F724/727 devices only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 7
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Pin Diagrams – 44-PIN TQFP (PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727)
NC
1
2
3
4
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
DT/RX/RC7
CPS12/RD4
CPS13/RD5
CPS14/RD6
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT/VCAP
RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
VSS
VDD
RE2/AN7
RE1/AN6
RE0/AN5
RA5/AN4/CPS7/SS /VCAP
RA4/CPS6/T0CKI
(3)
CPS15/RD7
VSS
5
6
7
8
9
PIC16F724/727/
PIC16LF724/727
VDD
INT/CPS0/AN12/RB0
CPS1/AN10/RB1
CPS2/AN8/RB2
(2)
(3)
10
11
(1)
CCP2 /CPS3/AN9/RB3
Note 1: CCP2 pin location may be selected as RB3 or RC1.
2: SS pin location may be selected as RA5 or RA0.
3: PIC16F724/727 devices only.
DS41341E-page 8
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Pin Diagrams – 44-PIN QFN (PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727)
(3)
DT/RX/RC7
CPS12/RD4
CPS13/RD5
CPS14/RD6
CPS15/RD7
VSS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT/VCAP
RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
VSS
VSS
NC
VDD
RE2/AN7
RE1/AN6
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
PIC16F724/727/
PIC16LF724/727
VDD
VDD
INT/CPS0/AN12/RB0
CPS1/AN10/RB1
CPS2/AN8/RB2
RE0/AN5
(2)
(3)
10
11
RA5/AN4/CPS7/SS /VCAP
RA4/CPS6/T0CKI
Note 1: CCP2 pin location may be selected as RB3 or RC1.
2: SS pin location may be selected as RA5 or RA0.
3: PIC16F724/727 devices only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 9
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 2:
40/44-PIN PDIP/TQFP/QFN SUMMARY (PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727)
40-Pin 44-Pin 44-Pin
Cap
Sensor
I/O
A/D
Timers
CCP
AUSART
SSP
Interrupt Pull-Up
Basic
PDIP
TQFP
QFN
(4)
19
20
21
22
23
24
33
32
9
RA0
RA1
RA2
RA3
RA4
RA5
RA6
RA7
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
RB4
RB5
RB6
RB7
RC0
2
19
20
21
22
23
24
31
30
8
AN0
AN1
AN2
AN3/VREF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
SS(3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y
VCAP
—
3
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
CPS6
CPS7
—
T0CKI
—
—
—
SS(3)
—
—
(4)
7
AN4
—
—
—
VCAP
(4)
14
13
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
15
—
—
—
—
OSC2/CLKOUT/VCAP
—
—
—
—
—
—
OSC1/CLKIN
AN12
AN10
AN8
AN9
AN11
AN13
—
CPS0
CPS1
CPS2
CPS3
CPS4
CPS5
—
—
—
—
IOC/INT
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
IOC
—
—
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
34
—
—
—
Y
—
10
11
14
15
16
17
32
—
—
CCP2(2)
—
Y
—
—
—
Y
—
—
—
—
Y
—
T1G
—
—
—
Y
—
—
—
Y
ICSPCLK/ICDCLK
ICSPDAT/ICDDAT
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y
—
—
T1OSO/
T1CKI
—
—
—
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
RC7
RD0
RD1
RD2
RD3
RD4
RD5
RD6
RD7
RE0
RE1
RE2
RE3
—
16
17
18
23
24
25
26
19
20
21
22
27
28
29
30
8
35
36
37
42
43
44
1
35
36
37
42
43
44
1
—
—
—
—
T1OSI CCP2(2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Y(1)
—
—
—
—
—
CCP1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
SCK/SCL
—
—
—
—
SDI/SDA
SDO
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
TX/CK
RX/DT
—
—
—
—
—
—
38
39
40
41
2
38
39
40
41
2
—
CPS8
CPS9
CPS10
CPS11
CPS12
CPS13
CPS14
CPS15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
3
—
—
—
—
4
4
—
—
—
—
5
5
—
—
—
—
—
25
26
27
18
7,20
25
26
27
18
7,8,28
AN5
AN6
AN7
—
—
—
9
—
—
—
—
10
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MCLR/VPP
VDD
11,32
12,13
—
—
—
—
—
6,29 6,30,31
—
—
—
—
VSS
Note 1:
Pull-up enabled only with external MCLR configuration.
2:
3:
4:
RC1 is the default pin location for CCP2. RB3 may be selected by changing the CCP2SEL bit in the APFCON register.
RA5 is the default pin location for SS. RA0 may be selected by changing the SSSEL bit in the APFCON register.
PIC16F72X devices only.
Note:
The PIC16F72X devices have an internal low dropout voltage regulator. An external capacitor must be
connected to one of the available VCAP pins to stabilize the regulator. For more information, see
Section 5.0 “Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator”. The PIC16LF72X devices do not have the voltage
regulator and therefore no external capacitor is required.
DS41341E-page 10
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................ 19
3.0 Resets ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.0 Interrupts ................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.0 Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator ..................................................................................................................................... 51
6.0 I/O Ports .................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
7.0 Oscillator Module....................................................................................................................................................................... 89
8.0 Device Configuration................................................................................................................................................................. 95
9.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module ............................................................................................................................... 99
10.0 Fixed Voltage Reference......................................................................................................................................................... 109
11.0 Timer0 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................ 111
12.0 Timer1 Module with Gate Control............................................................................................................................................ 115
13.0 Timer2 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................ 127
14.0 Capacitive Sensing Module..................................................................................................................................................... 129
15.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module .................................................................................................................................. 135
16.0 Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (AUSART) .......................................................... 145
17.0 SSP Module Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 167
18.0 Program Memory Read........................................................................................................................................................... 189
19.0 Power-Down Mode (Sleep) ..................................................................................................................................................... 193
20.0 In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) .............................................................................................................................. 195
21.0 Instruction Set Summary......................................................................................................................................................... 197
22.0 Development Support.............................................................................................................................................................. 207
23.0 Electrical Specifications........................................................................................................................................................... 211
24.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Charts...................................................................................................................... 241
25.0 Packaging Information............................................................................................................................................................. 277
Appendix A: Data Sheet Revision History......................................................................................................................................... 291
®
Appendix B: Migrating From Other PIC Devices............................................................................................................................. 291
The Microchip Web Site.................................................................................................................................................................... 299
Customer Change Notification Service ............................................................................................................................................. 299
Customer Support ............................................................................................................................................................................. 299
Reader Response............................................................................................................................................................................. 300
Product Identification System ............................................................................................................................................................ 301
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 11
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and
enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced.
If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via
E-mail at docerrors@microchip.com or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150. We
welcome your feedback.
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To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at:
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You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).
Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision
of silicon and revision of document to which it applies.
To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:
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When contacting a sales office, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are
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DS41341E-page 12
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
1.0
DEVICE OVERVIEW
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X devices are covered by
this data sheet. They are available in 28/40/44-pin
packages. Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the
PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726
devices
and Figure 1-2 shows block diagram of the
a
PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727 devices. Table 1-1
shows the pinout descriptions.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 13
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 1-1:
PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 BLOCK DIAGRAM
PORTA
Configuration
RA0
RA1
RA2
RA3
RA4
RA5
RA6
RA7
13
8
Data Bus
Program Counter
Flash
Program
Memory
8 Level Stack
(13-bit)
RAM
Program
Bus
PORTB
14
9
RAM Addr
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
RB4
RB5
RB6
RB7
Addr MUX
InstructionReg
Indirect
Addr
7
Direct Addr
8
FSRReg
STATUSReg
PORTC
8
RC0
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
RC7
3
MUX
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Instruction
Decodeand
Control
ALU
Power-on
Reset
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
PORTE
8
RE3
Timing
Generation
Watchdog
Timer
WReg
Brown-out
Reset
LDO(1)
Regulator
Internal
Oscillator
Block
CCP1
CCP2
CCP1
MCLR VDD
Timer1
VSS
CCP2
T1OSI
32 kHz
Oscillator
T1OSO
SCK/
SCL SS
SDI/
SDA
TX/CK RX/DT
SDO
T0CKI
T1G
T1CKI
AUSART
Synchronous
Serial Port
Timer0
Timer2
Timer1
VREF
Capacitive Sensing Module
Analog-To-Digital Converter
CPS0 CPS1
CPS3 CPS4
CPS5 CPS6 CPS7
CPS2
AN0 AN1
AN3 AN4
AN8 AN9 AN10 AN11
AN2
AN12 AN13
Note 1:
PIC16F722/723/726 only.
DS41341E-page 14
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 1-2:
PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727 BLOCK DIAGRAM
PORTA
Configuration
RA0
RA1
RA2
RA3
RA4
RA5
RA6
RA7
13
8
Data Bus
RAM
Program Counter
Flash
Program
Memory
8 Level Stack
(13-bit)
Program
Bus
PORTB
14
9
RAM Addr
RB0
RB1
RB2
Addr MUX
Instruction Reg
RB3
RB4
Indirect
Addr
7
Direct Addr
8
RB5
RB6
RB7
FSR Reg
STATUSReg
PORTC
8
RC0
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
RC7
3
MUX
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Instruction
Decodeand
Control
ALU
Power-on
Reset
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
PORTD
8
RD0
RD1
RD2
RD3
RD4
RD5
RD6
RD7
Timing
Generation
Watchdog
Timer
W Reg
Brown-out
Reset
LDO(1)
Internal
Oscillator
Block
Regulator
CCP1
CCP2
PORTE
CCP1
RE0
RE1
RE2
RE3
MCLR VDD
VSS
CCP2
Timer1
32 kHz
T1OSI
Oscillator
T1OSO
SCK/
SCL SS
SDI/
SDA
TX/CK RX/DT
SDO
T0CKI
T1G T1CKI
Timer1
Synchronous
Serial Port
Timer0
Timer2
AUSART
VREF
Analog-To-Digital Converter
AN8 AN9 AN10 AN11
AN12 AN13
AN0 AN1 AN2 AN3 AN4
AN7
AN5 AN6
Capacitive Sensing Module
CPS0 CPS1 CPS2 CPS3 CPS4 CPS5 CPS6 CPS7 CPS8 CPS9 CPS10 CPS11 CPS12 CPS13 CPS14 CPS15
PIC16F724/727 only.
Note 1:
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 15
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 1-1:
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X PINOUT DESCRIPTION
Input Output
Function
Name
Description
Type
Type
RA0/AN0/SS/VCAP
RA0
AN0
TTL
AN
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
—
—
A/D Channel 0 input.
Slave Select input.
SS
VCAP
RA1
Power Power Filter capacitor for Voltage Regulator (PIC16F72X only).
RA1/AN1
TTL
AN
TTL
AN
TTL
AN
AN
TTL
AN
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
A/D Channel 1 input.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
A/D Channel 2 input.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
AN1
—
RA2/AN2
RA2
AN2
—
RA3/AN3/VREF
RA3
AN3
—
—
A/D Channel 3 input.
VREF
RA4
A/D Voltage Reference input.
RA4/CPS6/T0CKI
CMOS General purpose I/O.
CPS6
T0CKI
RA5
—
—
Capacitive sensing input 6.
Timer0 clock input.
RA5/AN4/CPS7/SS/VCAP
TTL
AN
AN
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
AN4
—
—
—
A/D Channel 4 input.
Capacitive sensing input 7.
Slave Select input.
CPS7
SS
VCAP
RA6
Power Power Filter capacitor for Voltage Regulator (PIC16F72X only).
RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT/VCAP
RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
TTL
—
CMOS General purpose I/O.
OSC2
CLKOUT
VCAP
RA7
XTAL Crystal/Resonator (LP, XT, HS modes).
CMOS FOSC/4 output.
—
Power Power Filter capacitor for Voltage Regulator (PIC16F72X only).
TTL
XTAL
CMOS
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
OSC1
CLKIN
CLKIN
RB0
—
—
—
Crystal/Resonator (LP, XT, HS modes).
External clock input (EC mode).
RC oscillator connection (RC mode).
RB0/AN12/CPS0/INT
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
AN12
CPS0
INT
AN
AN
ST
—
—
—
A/D Channel 12 input.
Capacitive sensing input 0.
External interrupt.
RB1/AN10/CPS1
RB2/AN8/CPS2
RB1
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
AN10
CPS1
RB2
AN
AN
—
—
A/D Channel 10 input.
Capacitive sensing input 1.
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
AN8
CPS2
RB3
AN
AN
—
—
A/D Channel 8 input.
Capacitive sensing input 2.
RB3/AN9/CPS3/CCP2
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
AN9
CPS3
CCP2
AN
AN
ST
—
—
A/D Channel 9 input.
Capacitive sensing input 3.
CMOS Capture/Compare/PWM2.
Legend: AN = Analog input or output CMOS= CMOS compatible input or output
OD = Open Drain
2
2
TTL = TTL compatible input ST
HV = High Voltage
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I C™ = Schmitt Trigger input with I C
levels
XTAL = Crystal
DS41341E-page 16
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 1-1:
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
Input Output
Name
Function
Description
Type
Type
RB4/AN11/CPS4
RB4
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
AN11
CPS4
RB5
AN
AN
—
—
A/D Channel 11 input.
Capacitive sensing input 4.
RB5/AN13/CPS5/T1G
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
AN13
CPS5
T1G
AN
AN
ST
—
—
—
A/D Channel 13 input.
Capacitive sensing input 5.
Timer1 Gate input.
RB6/ICSPCLK/ICDCLK
RB7/ICSPDAT/ICDDAT
RB6
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
ICSPCLK
ICDCLK
RB7
ST
ST
—
—
Serial Programming Clock.
In-Circuit Debug Clock.
TTL
CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change.
Individually enabled pull-up.
ICSPDAT
ICDDAT
RC0
ST
ST
CMOS ICSP™ Data I/O.
—
In-Circuit Data I/O.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
T1OSO
T1CKI
RC1
XTAL
ST
XTAL Timer1 oscillator connection.
—
Timer1 clock input.
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
XTAL Timer1 oscillator connection.
CMOS Capture/Compare/PWM2.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
CMOS Capture/Compare/PWM1.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
T1OSI
CCP2
RC2
XTAL
ST
RC2/CCP1
ST
CCP1
RC3
ST
RC3/SCK/SCL
ST
SCK
ST
CMOS SPI clock.
2
2
SCL
I C™
OD
I C™ clock.
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC4
ST
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
SDI
—
SPI data input.
2
2
SDA
RC5
I C™
OD
I C™ data input/output.
RC5/SDO
ST
—
CMOS General purpose I/O.
CMOS SPI data output.
SDO
RC6
RC6/TX/CK
ST
—
CMOS General purpose I/O.
CMOS USART asynchronous transmit.
CMOS USART synchronous clock.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
TX
CK
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
AN
ST
AN
ST
AN
RC7/RX/DT
RC7
RX
—
USART asynchronous input.
DT
CMOS USART synchronous data.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
RD0/CPS8
RD1/CPS9
RD2/CPS10
RD0
CPS8
RD1
—
Capacitive sensing input 8.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
Capacitive sensing input 9.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
Capacitive sensing input 10.
OD = Open Drain
CPS9
RD2
—
CPS10
—
Legend: AN = Analog input or output CMOS= CMOS compatible input or output
2
2
TTL = TTL compatible input ST
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I C™ = Schmitt Trigger input with I C
HV = High Voltage
XTAL = Crystal levels
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 17
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 1-1:
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
Input Output
Name
Function
Description
Type
Type
RD3/CPS11
RD4/CPS12
RD3
CPS11
RD4
ST
AN
CMOS General purpose I/O.
—
Capacitive sensing input 11.
General purpose I/O.
ST
CMOS
—
CPS12
RD5
AN
Capacitive sensing input 12.
General purpose I/O.
RD5/CPS13
RD6/CPS14
RD7/CPS15
ST
CMOS
—
CPS13
RD6
AN
Capacitive sensing input 13.
General purpose I/O.
ST
CMOS
—
CPS14
RD7
AN
Capacitive sensing input 14.
General purpose I/O.
ST
CMOS
—
CPS15
RE0
AN5
RE1
AN6
RE2
AN7
RE3
MCLR
VPP
AN
Capacitive sensing input 15.
RE0/AN5
ST
CMOS General purpose I/O.
A/D Channel 5 input.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
A/D Channel 6 input.
CMOS General purpose I/O.
AN
—
RE1/AN6
ST
AN
—
RE2/AN7
ST
AN
—
—
—
—
—
—
A/D Channel 7 input.
General purpose input.
Master Clear with internal pull-up.
Programming voltage.
Positive supply.
RE3/MCLR/VPP
TTL
ST
HV
VDD
VSS
VDD
Power
Power
VSS
Ground reference.
Legend: AN = Analog input or output CMOS= CMOS compatible input or output
OD = Open Drain
2
2
TTL = TTL compatible input ST
HV = High Voltage
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I C™ = Schmitt Trigger input with I C
levels
XTAL = Crystal
Note:
The PIC16F72X devices have an internal low dropout voltage regulator. An external capacitor must be
connected to one of the available VCAP pins to stabilize the regulator. For more information, see
Section 5.0 “Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator”. The PIC16LF72X devices do not have the voltage
regulator and therefore no external capacitor is required.
DS41341E-page 18
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 2-2:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK FOR THE
PIC16F723/LF723 AND
PIC16F724/LF724
2.0
2.1
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
Program Memory Organization
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X has a 13-bit program
counter capable of addressing a 2K x 14 program
memory
(0000h-07FFh), a 4K x 14 program memory space for
the PIC16F723/LF723 and PIC16F724/LF724
PC<12:0>
space
for
the
PIC16F722/LF722
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW
13
(0000h-0FFFh) and an 8K x 14 program memory space
for the PIC16F726/LF726 and PIC16F727/LF727
Stack Level 1
(0000h-1FFFh). Accessing
a location above the
Stack Level 2
memory boundaries for the PIC16F722/LF722 will
cause a wrap-around within the first 2K x 14 program
memory space. Accessing a location above the
memory boundaries for the PIC16F723/LF723 and
PIC16F724/LF724 will cause a wrap-around within the
first 4K x 14 program memory space. The Reset vector
is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h.
Stack Level 8
Reset Vector
0000h
Interrupt Vector
Page 0
0004h
0005h
FIGURE 2-1:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK FOR THE
PIC16F722/LF722
On-chip
Program
Memory
07FFh
0800h
Page 1
PC<12:0>
0FFFh
1000h
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW
13
Wraps to Page 0
17FFh
1800h
Stack Level 1
Wraps to Page 1
Stack Level 2
1FFFh
Stack Level 8
Reset Vector
0000h
Interrupt Vector
Page 0
0004h
0005h
On-chip
Program
Memory
07FFh
0800h
Wraps to Page 0
Wraps to Page 0
Wraps to Page 0
0FFFh
1000h
17FFh
1800h
1FFFh
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 19
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 2-3:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK FOR THE
PIC16F726/LF726 AND
PIC16F727/LF727
2.2
Data Memory Organization
The data memory is partitioned into multiple banks
which contain the General Purpose Registers (GPRs)
and the Special Function Registers (SFRs). Bits RP0
and RP1 are bank select bits.
PC<12:0>
RP1
0
RP0
0
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW
13
→
→
→
→
Bank 0 is selected
Bank 1 is selected
Bank 2 is selected
Bank 3 is selected
0
1
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 2
1
0
1
1
Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower
locations of each bank are reserved for the Special
Function Registers. Above the Special Function
Registers are the General Purpose Registers,
implemented as static RAM. All implemented banks
contain Special Function Registers. Some frequently
used Special Function Registers from one bank are
mirrored in another bank for code reduction and
quicker access.
Stack Level 8
Reset Vector
0000h
Interrupt Vector
Page 0
0004h
0005h
07FFh
0800h
2.2.1
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
FILE
Page 1
On-chip
Program
Memory
0FFFh
1000h
The register file is organized as 128 x 8 bits in the
PIC16F722/LF722, 192 x 8 bits in the PIC16F723/LF723
and PIC16F724/LF724, and 368 x 8 bits in the
PIC16F726/LF726 and PIC16F727/LF727. Each
register is accessed either directly or indirectly through
the File Select Register (FSR), (Refer to Section 2.5
“Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers”).
Page 2
Page 3
17FFh
1800h
1FFFh
2.2.2
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers are registers used by
the CPU and peripheral functions for controlling the
desired operation of the device (refer to Table 2-1).
These registers are static RAM.
The Special Function Registers can be classified into
two sets: core and peripheral. The Special Function
Registers associated with the “core” are described in
this section. Those related to the operation of the
peripheral features are described in the section of that
peripheral feature.
DS41341E-page 20
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 2-4:
PIC16F722/LF722 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
File Address
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
Indirect addr.
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
Indirect addr.
OPTION
PCL
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
Indirect addr.
TMR0
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
111h
112h
113h
114h
115h
116h
117h
118h
119h
11Ah
11Bh
11Ch
11Dh
11Eh
11Fh
120h
Indirect addr.
OPTION
PCL
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
191h
192h
193h
194h
195h
196h
197h
198h
199h
19Ah
19Bh
19Ch
19Dh
19Eh
19Fh
1A0h
TMR0
PCL
PCL
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
ANSELA
ANSELB
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
CPSCON0
CPSCON1
PCLATH
PORTE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
TRISE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCLATH
INTCON
PMCON1
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
INTCON
PMDATL
PMADRL
PMDATH
PMADRH
PIR2
PIE2
TMR1L
PCON
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T1GCON
OSCCON
OSCTUNE
PR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
SSPADD/SSPMSK 93h
SSPSTAT
WPUB
IOCB
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
A0h
TXSTA
TXREG
RCREG
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
ADRES
ADCON0
SPBRG
APFCON
FVRCON
ADCON1
General
Purpose
Register
32 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
96 Bytes
BFh
C0h
EFh
F0h
16Fh
170h
1EFh
1F0h
Accesses
70h-7Fh
Accesses
70h-7Fh
Accesses
70h-7Fh
7Fh
FFh
17Fh
1FFh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Legend:
= Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ‘0’.
*
= Not a physical register.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 21
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 2-5:
PIC16F723/LF723 AND PIC16F724/LF724 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
File Address
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
Indirect addr.
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
Indirect addr.
OPTION
PCL
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
Indirect addr.
TMR0
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
111h
112h
113h
114h
115h
116h
117h
118h
119h
11Ah
11Bh
11Ch
11Dh
11Eh
11Fh
Indirect addr.
OPTION
PCL
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
191h
192h
193h
194h
195h
196h
197h
198h
199h
19Ah
19Bh
19Ch
19Dh
19Eh
19Fh
1A0h
TMR0
PCL
PCL
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
ANSELA
ANSELB
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
(1)
(1)
(1)
ANSELD
CPSCON0
CPSCON1
PCLATH
INTCON
PORTD
PORTE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
TRISD
(1)
ANSELE
TRISE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCLATH
INTCON
PMCON1
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
PMDATL
PMADRL
PMDATH
PMADRH
PIR2
PIE2
TMR1L
PCON
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T1GCON
OSCCON
OSCTUNE
PR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
SSPADD/SSPMSK 93h
SSPSTAT
WPUB
IOCB
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
A0h
TXSTA
TXREG
RCREG
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
ADRES
ADCON0
SPBRG
APFCON
FVRCON
ADCON1
General Purpose 120h
Register
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
16 Bytes
12Fh
130h
General
Purpose
Register
96 Bytes
EFh
F0h
16Fh
170h
1EFh
1F0h
Accesses
70h-7Fh
Accesses
70h-7Fh
Accesses
70h-7Fh
FFh
17Fh
1FFh
7Fh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Legend:
= Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ‘0’.
*
= Not a physical register.
Note 1: PORTD, TRISD, ANSELD and ANSELE are not implemented on the PIC16F723/LF723, read as ‘0’
DS41341E-page 22
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 2-6:
PIC16F726/LF726 AND PIC16F727/LF727 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
File Address
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
Indirect addr.
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
Indirect addr.
OPTION
PCL
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
Indirect addr.
TMR0
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
111h
112h
113h
114h
115h
116h
117h
118h
119h
11Ah
11Bh
11Ch
11Dh
11Eh
11Fh
120h
Indirect addr.
OPTION
PCL
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
191h
192h
193h
194h
195h
196h
197h
198h
199h
19Ah
19Bh
19Ch
19Dh
19Eh
19Fh
1A0h
TMR0
PCL
PCL
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
STATUS
FSR
ANSELA
ANSELB
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
(1)
(1)
(1)
ANSELD
CPSCON0
CPSCON1
PCLATH
INTCON
PORTD
PORTE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
TRISD
(1)
ANSELE
TRISE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCLATH
INTCON
PMCON1
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
PMDATL
PMADRL
PMDATH
PMADRH
PIR2
PIE2
TMR1L
PCON
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T1GCON
OSCCON
OSCTUNE
PR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
SSPADD/SSPMSK 93h
SSPSTAT
WPUB
IOCB
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
A0h
General
Purpose
Register
16 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
16 Bytes
TXSTA
TXREG
RCREG
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
ADRES
ADCON0
SPBRG
APFCON
FVRCON
ADCON1
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
96 Bytes
EFh
F0h
16Fh
170h
1EFh
1F0h
Accesses
70h-7Fh
Accesses
70h-7Fh
Accesses
70h-7Fh
FFh
17Fh
1FFh
7Fh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Legend:
= Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ‘0’,
*
= Not a physical register
Note 1: PORTD, TRISD, ANSELD and ANSELE are not implemented on the PIC16F726/LF726, read as ‘0’
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 23
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 2-1:
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY
Value on:
POR, BOR
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Page
Bank 0
00h(2)
01h
02h(2)
03h(2)
04h(2)
05h
INDF
Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
Timer0 Module Register
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0001 1xxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---- xxxx
---0 0000
0000 000x
31,40
111,40
30,40
27,40
31,40
54,40
63,40
73,40
80,40
85,40
30,40
46,40
49,40
50,40
TMR0
PCL
Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte
STATUS
FSR
IRP
RP1
RP0
TO
PD
Z
DC
C
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
RA7
RB7
RC7
RD7
—
RA6
RB6
RC6
RD6
—
RA5
RB5
RC5
RD5
—
RA4
RB4
RC4
RD4
—
RA3
RB3
RC3
RD3
RE3
RA2
RB2
RA1
RB1
RA0
RB0
06h
07h
08h(3)
RC2
RC1
RC0
RD2
RE2(3)
RD1
RE1(3)
RD0
RE0(3)
09h
0Ah(1, 2) PCLATH
—
—
—
Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter
0Bh(2)
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
INTCON
PIR1
GIE
PEIE
ADIF
—
T0IE
RCIF
—
INTE
TXIF
—
RBIE
SSPIF
—
T0IF
CCP1IF
—
INTF
TMR2IF
—
RBIF
TMR1GIF
—
TMR1IF 0000 0000
CCP2IF ---- ---0
PIR2
TMR1L
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
TMR1CS1 TMR1CS0 T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC
Timer2 Module Register
xxxx xxxx 120,40
xxxx xxxx 120,40
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
—
TMR1ON 0000 00-0 124,40
0000 0000 127,40
11h
12h
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
TXREG
RCREG
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
ADRES
ADCON0
—
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 128,40
13h
Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
xxxx xxxx 169,40
0000 0000 186,40
xxxx xxxx 137,40
xxxx xxxx 137,40
14h
WCOL
SSPOV
SSPEN
CKP
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
15h
Capture/Compare/PWM Register (LSB)
Capture/Compare/PWM Register (MSB)
16h
17h
—
—
DC1B1
SREN
DC1B0
CREN
CCP1M3
ADDEN
CCP1M2
FERR
CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 136,40
18h
SPEN
RX9
OERR
RX9D
0000 000x 155,40
0000 0000 154,40
0000 0000 152,40
xxxx xxxx 137,40
xxxx xxxx 137,40
19h
USART Transmit Data Register
USART Receive Data Register
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
Legend:
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB)
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB)
—
—
DC2B1
DC2B0
CCP2M3
CHS1
CCP2M2
CHS0
CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 136,40
xxxx xxxx 105,41
A/D Result Register
—
—
CHS3
CHS2
GO/DONE
ADON
--00 0000 104,41
x= unknown, u= unchanged, q= value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r= reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1:
The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose contents are
transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
These registers can be addressed from any bank.
These registers/bits are not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> = 1001.
Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> ≠ 1001.
This bit is always ‘1’ as RE3 is input only.
DS41341E-page 24
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 2-1:
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Value on:
POR, BOR
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Page
Bank 1
80h(2)
81h
82h(2)
83h(2)
84h(2)
85h
INDF
Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
0000 0000
0001 1xxx
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
1111 1111
31,40
28,41
30,40
27,40
31,40
54,41
63,41
73,41
81,41
85,41
30,40
46,40
47,41
48,41
29,41
OPTION_REG
PCL
RBPU
INTEDG
T0CS
T0SE
PSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte
STATUS
FSR
IRP
RP1
RP0
TO
PD
Z
DC
C
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
TRISD
TRISE
TRISA7
TRISB7
TRISC7
TRISD7
—
TRISA6
TRISB6
TRISC6
TRISD6
—
TRISA5
TRISB5
TRISC5
TRISD5
—
TRISA4
TRISB4
TRISC4
TRISD4
—
TRISA3
TRISB3
TRISC3
TRISD3
TRISA2
TRISB2
TRISC2
TRISD2
TRISA1
TRISB1
TRISC1
TRISD1
TRISA0
TRISB0
86h
87h
88h(3)
TRISC0 1111 1111
TRISD0 1111 1111
89h
TRISE3(6) TRISE2(3) TRISE1(3) TRISE0(3) ---- 1111
8Ah(1, 2) PCLATH
—
—
—
Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter
---0 0000
0000 000x
8Bh(2)
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
—
T0IE
INTE
TXIE
—
RBIE
SSPIE
—
T0IF
CCP1IE
—
INTF
TMR2IE
—
RBIF
TMR1GIE
—
RCIE
—
TMR1IE 0000 0000
CCP2IE ---- ---0
PIE2
PCON
T1GCON
—
—
—
—
—
—
POR
BOR
---- --qq
8Fh
TMR1GE T1GPOL
T1GTM
T1GSPM
T1GGO/
DONE
T1GVAL
T1GSS1
T1GSS0 0000 0x00 125,41
90h
91h
92h
93h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
Legend:
OSCCON
OSCTUNE
PR2
SSPADD(5)
SSPMSK(4)
SSPSTAT
WPUB
IOCB
—
—
—
—
IRCF1
TUN5
IRCF0
TUN4
ICSL
ICSS
—
—
--10 qq--
--00 0000
91,41
92,41
TUN3
TUN2
TUN1
TUN0
Timer2 Period Register
Synchronous Serial Port (I2C™ mode) Address Register
Synchronous Serial Port (I2C™ mode) Address Mask Register
1111 1111 127,41
0000 0000 177,41
1111 1111 188,41
0000 0000 187,41
SMP
WPUB7
IOCB7
CKE
D/A
P
S
R/W
UA
BF
WPUB6
IOCB6
WPUB5
IOCB5
WPUB4
IOCB4
WPUB3
IOCB3
WPUB2
IOCB2
WPUB1
IOCB1
WPUB0
IOCB0
1111 1111
0000 0000
—
64,41
64,41
—
—
Unimplemented
CSRC
TXSTA
SPBRG
—
TX9
BRG6
TXEN
BRG5
SYNC
BRG4
—
BRGH
BRG2
TRMT
BRG1
TX9D
BRG0
0000 -010 154,41
0000 0000 156,41
BRG7
BRG3
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
—
—
—
—
—
—
APFCON
FVRCON
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
SSSEL CCP2SEL ---- --00
53,41
FVRRDY
Unimplemented
ADCS2
FVREN
ADFVR1 ADFVR0 q0-- --00 109,41
—
—
ADCON1
—
ADCS1
ADCS0
—
—
ADREF1 ADREF0 0000 --00 105,41
x= unknown, u= unchanged, q= value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r= reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1:
The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose contents are
transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
These registers can be addressed from any bank.
These registers/bits are not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> = 1001.
Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> ≠ 1001.
This bit is always ‘1’ as RE3 is input only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 25
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 2-1:
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Value on:
POR, BOR
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Page
Bank 2
100h(2)
101h
102h(2)
103h(2)
104h(2)
105h
INDF
TMR0
PCL
Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
Timer0 Module Register
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0001 1xxx
xxxx xxxx
—
31,40
111,40
30,40
27,40
31,40
—
Program Counter’s (PC) Least Significant Byte
STATUS
FSR
IRP
RP1
RP0
TO
PD
Z
DC
C
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
Unimplemented
—
106h
—
Unimplemented
—
—
107h
—
Unimplemented
—
—
108h
CPSCON0
CPSON
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
CPSRNG1 CPSRNG0 CPSOUT
CPSCH3 CPSCH2
T0XCS
0--- 0000 133,41
109h
CPSCON1
CPSCH1 CPSCH0 ---- 0000 134,41
10Ah(1, 2) PCLATH
—
—
—
Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter
INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF
---0 0000
0000 000x
30,40
46,40
10Bh(2)
INTCON
PMDATL
PMADRL
PMDATH
PMADRH
GIE
PEIE
T0IE
10Ch
Program Memory Read Data Register Low Byte
Program Memory Read Address Register Low Byte
xxxx xxxx 189,41
xxxx xxxx 189,41
--xx xxxx 189,41
---x xxxx 189,41
10Dh
10Eh
—
—
—
—
Program Memory Read Data Register High Byte
Program Memory Read Address Register High Byte
10Fh
—
Bank 3
180h(2)
181h
182h(2)
183h(2)
184h(2)
185h
INDF
Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
0000 0000
0001 1xxx
xxxx xxxx
--11 1111
--11 1111
—
31,40
28,41
30,40
27,40
31,40
55,41
64,41
—
OPTION_REG
PCL
RBPU
INTEDG
T0CS
T0SE
PSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte
STATUS
FSR
IRP
RP1
RP0
TO
PD
Z
DC
C
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
ANSELA
ANSELB
—
—
—
—
ANSA5
ANSB5
ANSA4
ANSB4
ANSA3
ANSB3
ANSA2
ANSB2
ANSA1
ANSB1
ANSA0
ANSB0
186h
—
187h
Unimplemented
188h
189h(3)
18Ah(1, 2) PCLATH
18Bh(2)
ANSELD
ANSD7
—
ANSD6
—
ANSD5
—
ANSD4
—
ANSD3
—
ANSD2
ANSE2
ANSD1
ANSE1
ANSD0
ANSE0
1111 1111
---- -111
---0 0000
0000 000x
81,41
86,41
30,40
46,40
ANSELE
—
—
—
Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter
INTCON
GIE
PEIE
—
T0IE
—
INTE
—
RBIE
—
T0IF
—
INTF
—
RBIF
RD
18Ch
PMCON1
Reserved
1--- ---0 190,41
18Dh
—
—
—
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
—
—
—
—
—
—
18Eh
18Fh
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, q= value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r= reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1:
The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose contents are
transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
These registers can be addressed from any bank.
These registers/bits are not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> = 1001.
Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> ≠ 1001.
This bit is always ‘1’ as RE3 is input only.
DS41341E-page 26
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
For example, CLRF STATUSwill clear the upper three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register
as ‘000u u1uu’ (where u= unchanged).
2.2.2.1
STATUS Register
The STATUS register, shown in Register 2-1, contains:
• the arithmetic status of the ALU
• the Reset status
It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,
SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the
STATUS register, because these instructions do not
affect any Status bits. For other instructions not
affecting any Status bits (Refer to Section 21.0
“Instruction Set Summary”).
• the bank select bits for data memory (SRAM)
The STATUS register can be the destination for any
instruction, like any other register. If the STATUS
register is the destination for an instruction that affects
the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is
disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the
device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not
writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the
STATUS register as destination may be different than
intended.
Note 1: The C and DC bits operate as Borrow and
Digit Borrow out bits, respectively, in
subtraction.
REGISTER 2-1:
STATUS: STATUS REGISTER
R/W-0
IRP
R/W-0
RP1
R/W-0
RP0
R-1
TO
R-1
PD
R/W-x
Z
R/W-x
DC(1)
R/W-x
C(1)
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)
1= Bank 2, 3 (100h-1FFh)
0= Bank 0, 1 (00h-FFh)
bit 6-5
RP<1:0>: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)
00= Bank 0 (00h-7Fh)
01= Bank 1 (80h-FFh)
10= Bank 2 (100h-17Fh)
11= Bank 3 (180h-1FFh)
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
TO: Time-out bit
1= After power-up, CLRWDTinstruction or SLEEPinstruction
0= A WDT time-out occurred
PD: Power-down bit
1= After power-up or by the CLRWDTinstruction
0= By execution of the SLEEPinstruction
Z: Zero bit
1= The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0= The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
DC: Digit Carry/Digit Borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWFinstructions)(1)
1= A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred
0= No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result
C: Carry/Borrow bit(1) (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions)(1)
1= A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0= No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
Note 1: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two’s complement of the
second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high-order or low-order
bit of the source register.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 27
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
2.2.2.2
OPTION register
Note:
To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for
Timer0, assign the prescaler to the WDT by
setting PSA bit of the OPTION register to
‘1’. Refer to Section 12.3 “Timer1
Prescaler”.
The OPTION register, shown in Register 2-2, is a
readable and writable register, which contains various
control bits to configure:
• Timer0/WDT prescaler
• External RB0/INT interrupt
• Timer0
• Weak pull-ups on PORTB
REGISTER 2-2:
OPTION_REG: OPTION REGISTER
R/W-1
RBPU
R/W-1
R/W-1
T0CS
R/W-1
T0SE
R/W-1
PSA
R/W-1
PS2
R/W-1
PS1
R/W-1
PS0
INTEDG
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1= PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0= PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual bits in the WPUB register
INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
1= Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0= Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin
T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit
1= Transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0= Internal instruction cycle clock (FOSC/4)
T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit
1= Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0= Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
1= Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0= Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Bit Value
Timer0 Rate WDT Rate
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256
1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
DS41341E-page 28
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
2.2.2.3
PCON Register
The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits
(refer to Table 3-2) to differentiate between a:
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• Brown-out Reset (BOR)
• Watchdog Timer Reset (WDT)
• External MCLR Reset
The PCON register also controls the software enable of
the BOR.
The PCON register bits are shown in Register 2-3.
REGISTER 2-3:
PCON: POWER CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-q
POR
R/W-q
BOR
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
q = Value depends on condition
bit 7-2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
POR: Power-on Reset Status bit
1= No Power-on Reset occurred
0= A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
bit 0
BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1= No Brown-out Reset occurred
0= A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset or Brown-out Reset
occurs)
Note 1: Set BOREN<1:0> = 01in the Configuration Word register for this bit to control the BOR.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 29
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
2.3
PCL and PCLATH
Note 1: There are no Status bits to indicate stack
The Program Counter (PC) is 13 bits wide. The low
byte comes from the PCL register, which is a readable
and writable register. The high byte (PC<12:8>) is not
directly readable or writable and comes from
PCLATH. On any Reset, the PC is cleared. Figure 2-7
shows the two situations for the loading of the PC. The
upper example in Figure 2-7 shows how the PC is
loaded on a write to PCL (PCLATH<4:0> → PCH).
The lower example in Figure 2-7 shows how the PC is
overflow or stack underflow conditions.
2: There are no instructions/mnemonics
called PUSH or POP. These are actions
that occur from the execution of the CALL,
RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE instruc-
tions or the vectoring to an interrupt
address.
loaded during
(PCLATH<4:3> → PCH).
a
CALL or GOTO instruction
2.4
Program Memory Paging
All devices are capable of addressing a continuous 8K
word block of program memory. The CALL and GOTO
instructions provide only 11 bits of address to allow
branching within any 2K program memory page. When
doing a CALL or GOTO instruction, the upper 2 bits of
the address are provided by PCLATH<4:3>. When
doing a CALLor GOTOinstruction, the user must ensure
that the page select bits are programmed so that the
desired program memory page is addressed. If a return
from a CALL instruction (or interrupt) is executed, the
entire 13-bit PC is POPed off the stack. Therefore,
manipulation of the PCLATH<4:3> bits is not required
for the RETURNinstructions (which POPs the address
from the stack).
FIGURE 2-7:
LOADING OF PC IN
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
PCH
PCL
Instruction with
12
8
7
0
PCL as
Destination
PC
8
PCLATH<4:0>
PCLATH
5
ALU Result
PCH
12 11 10
PC
PCL
8
7
0
GOTO, CALL
Note:
The contents of the PCLATH register are
unchanged after a RETURN or RETFIE
instruction is executed. The user must
rewrite the contents of the PCLATH regis-
ter for any subsequent subroutine calls or
GOTOinstructions.
PCLATH<4:3>
PCLATH
11
2
OPCODE<10:0>
2.3.1
COMPUTED GOTO
Example 2-1 shows the calling of a subroutine in
page 1 of the program memory. This example assumes
that PCLATH is saved and restored by the Interrupt
Service Routine (if interrupts are used).
A computed GOTOis accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When perform-
ing a table read using a computed GOTOmethod, care
should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL
memory boundary (each 256-byte block). Refer to the
Application Note AN556, “Implementing a Table Read”
(DS00556).
EXAMPLE 2-1:
CALL OF A SUBROUTINE
IN PAGE 1 FROM PAGE 0
ORG 500h
PAGESELSUB_P1 ;Select page 1
;(800h-FFFh)
2.3.2
STACK
All devices have an 8-level x 13-bit wide hardware
stack (refer to Figures 2-1 and 2-3). The stack space is
not part of either program or data space and the Stack
Pointer is not readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed
onto the stack when a CALLinstruction is executed or
an interrupt causes a branch. The stack is POPed in
the event of a RETURN, RETLWor a RETFIEinstruction
execution. PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP
operation.
CALL
:
:
SUB1_P1;Call subroutine in
;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
ORG
900h
;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
SUB1_P1
:
;called subroutine
;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
:
RETURN
;return to
;Call subroutine
;in page 0
The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that
after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth
PUSH overwrites the value that was stored from the
first PUSH. The tenth PUSH overwrites the second
PUSH (and so on).
;(000h-7FFh)
DS41341E-page 30
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
EXAMPLE 2-2:
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
2.5
Indirect Addressing, INDF and
FSR Registers
MOVLW
MOVWF
BANKISEL 020h
020h
FSR
;initialize pointer
;to RAM
The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing
the INDF register will cause indirect addressing.
NEXT CLRF
INDF
FSR
;clear INDF register
;inc pointer
INCF
BTFSS
GOTO
Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF
register. Any instruction using the INDF register
actually accesses data pointed to by the File Select
Register (FSR). Reading INDF itself indirectly will
produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly
results in a no operation (although Status bits may be
affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained by
concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit of
the STATUS register, as shown in Figure 2-8.
FSR,4 ;all done?
NEXT ;no clear next
;yes continue
CONTINUE
A simple program to clear RAM location 020h-02Fh
using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-2.
FIGURE 2-8:
DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing
Indirect Addressing
From Opcode
7
RP1
RP0
6
0
0
IRP
File Select Register
Bank Select
180h
Location Select
Bank Select
Location Select
00h
00
01
10
11
Data
Memory
7Fh
1FFh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Note:
For memory map detail, refer to Figures 2-4 and 2-5.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 31
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 32
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up
since this is viewed as the resumption of normal
operation. TO and PD bits are set or cleared differently
in different Reset situations, as indicated in Table 3-3.
These bits are used in software to determine the nature
of the Reset.
3.0
RESETS
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X differentiates between
various kinds of Reset:
a) Power-on Reset (POR)
b) WDT Reset during normal operation
c) WDT Reset during Sleep
A simplified block diagram of the On-Chip Reset Circuit
is shown in Figure 3-1.
d) MCLR Reset during normal operation
e) MCLR Reset during Sleep
f) Brown-out Reset (BOR)
The MCLR Reset path has a noise filter to detect and
ignore small pulses. See Section 23.0 “Electrical
Specifications” for pulse width specifications.
Some registers are not affected in any Reset condition;
their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any
other Reset. Most other registers are reset to a “Reset
state” on:
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• MCLR Reset
• MCLR Reset during Sleep
• WDT Reset
• Brown-out Reset (BOR)
FIGURE 3-1:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
MCLRE
MCLR/VPP
Sleep
WDT
WDT
Module
Time-out
Reset
POR
Power-on Reset
VDD
Brown-out(1)
Reset
BOREN
OST/PWRT
OST
10-bit Ripple Counter
Chip_Reset
OSC1/
CLKIN
PWRT
11-bit Ripple Counter
WDTOSC
Enable PWRT
Enable OST
Note 1: Refer to the Configuration Word Register 1 (Register 8-1).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 33
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 3-1:
STATUS BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
POR
BOR
TO
PD
Condition
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
x
x
x
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
x
1
0
0
u
1
1
x
0
1
1
0
u
0
Power-on Reset or LDO Reset
Illegal, TO is set on POR
Illegal, PD is set on POR
Brown-out Reset
WDT Reset
WDT Wake-up
MCLR Reset during normal operation
MCLR Reset during Sleep or interrupt wake-up from Sleep
TABLE 3-2:
RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS(2)
Program
STATUS
Register
PCON
Register
Condition
Counter
Power-on Reset
0000h
0001 1xxx
000u uuuu
---- --0x
---- --uu
MCLR Reset during normal operation
0000h
MCLR Reset during Sleep
WDT Reset
0000h
0000h
0001 0uuu
0000 1uuu
uuu0 0uuu
0001 1uuu
uuu1 0uuu
---- --uu
---- --uu
---- --uu
---- --u0
---- --uu
WDT Wake-up
PC + 1
Brown-out Reset
0000h
PC + 1(1)
Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, reads as ‘0’.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and Global Enable bit (GIE) is set, the return address is pushed on
the stack and PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h) after execution of PC + 1.
2: If a Status bit is not implemented, that bit will be read as ‘0’.
DS41341E-page 34
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
3.1
MCLR
3.3
Power-up Timer (PWRT)
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X has a noise filter in the
MCLR Reset path. The filter will detect and ignore
small pulses.
The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 64 ms (nominal)
time-out on power-up only, from POR or Brown-out
Reset. The Power-up Timer operates from the WDT
oscillator. For more information, see Section 7.3
“Internal Clock Modes”. The chip is kept in Reset as
long as PWRT is active. The PWRT delay allows the
VDD to rise to an acceptable level. A Configuration bit,
PWRTE, can disable (if set) or enable (if cleared or pro-
grammed) the Power-up Timer. The Power-up Timer
should be enabled when Brown-out Reset is enabled,
although it is not required.
It should be noted that a Reset does not drive the
MCLR pin low.
Voltages applied to the pin that exceed its specification
can result in both MCLR Resets and excessive current
beyond the device specification during the ESD event.
For this reason, Microchip recommends that the MCLR
pin no longer be tied directly to VDD. The use of an RC
network, as shown in Figure 3-2, is suggested.
The Power-up Timer delay will vary from chip-to-chip
and vary due to:
An internal MCLR option is enabled by clearing the
MCLRE bit in the Configuration Word register. When
MCLRE = 0, the Reset signal to the chip is generated
internally. When the MCLRE = 1, the RE3/MCLR pin
becomes an external Reset input. In this mode, the
RE3/MCLR pin has a weak pull-up to VDD. In-Circuit
Serial Programming is not affected by selecting the
internal MCLR option.
• VDD variation
• Temperature variation
• Process variation
See DC parameters for details (Section 23.0
“Electrical Specifications”).
Note:
The Power-up Timer is enabled by the
PWRTE bit in the Configuration Word.
FIGURE 3-2:
RECOMMENDED MCLR
CIRCUIT
3.4
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
VDD
R1
PIC® MCU
The WDT has the following features:
• Shares an 8-bit prescaler with Timer0
10 kΩ
• Time-out period is from 17 ms to 2.2 seconds,
nominal
MCLR
• Enabled by a Configuration bit
WDT is cleared under certain conditions described in
Table 3-1.
C1
0.1 μF
3.4.1
WDT OSCILLATOR
The WDT derives its time base from 31 kHz internal
oscillator.
3.2
Power-on Reset (POR)
Note:
When the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
is invoked, the WDT is held in Reset,
because the WDT Ripple Counter is used
by the OST to perform the oscillator delay
count. When the OST count has expired,
the WDT will begin counting (if enabled).
The on-chip POR circuit holds the chip in Reset until VDD
has reached a high enough level for proper operation. A
maximum rise time for VDD is required. See
Section 23.0 “Electrical Specifications” for details. If
the BOR is enabled, the maximum rise time specification
does not apply. The BOR circuitry will keep the device in
Reset until VDD reaches VBOR (see Section 3.5
“Brown-Out Reset (BOR)”).
When the device starts normal operation (exits the
Reset condition), device operating parameters (i.e.,
voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to
ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the
device must be held in Reset until the operating
conditions are met.
For additional information, refer to Application Note
AN607, “Power-up Trouble Shooting” (DS00607).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 35
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
3.4.2
WDT CONTROL
The WDTE bit is located in the Configuration Word
Register 1. When set, the WDT runs continuously.
The PSA and PS<2:0> bits of the OPTION register
control the WDT period. See Section 11.0 “Timer0
Module” for more information.
FIGURE 3-1: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
T1GSS = 11
TMR1GE
From TMR0
Clock Source
WDTE
Low-Power
WDT OSC
0
1
Postscaler
8
Divide by
512
PS<2:0>
TO TMR0
0
1
PSA
WDT Reset
To T1G
WDTE
TABLE 3-1:
WDT STATUS
Conditions
WDT
Cleared
WDTE = 0
CLRWDTCommand
Exit Sleep + System Clock = T1OSC, EXTRC, INTOSC, EXTCLK
Exit Sleep + System Clock = XT, HS, LP
Cleared until the end of OST
DS41341E-page 36
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
If VDD falls below VBOR for greater than parameter
(TBOR) (see Section 23.0 “Electrical Specifica-
tions”), the Brown-out situation will reset the device.
This will occur regardless of VDD slew rate. A Reset is
not ensured to occur if VDD falls below VBOR for more
than parameter (TBOR).
3.5
Brown-Out Reset (BOR)
Brown-out Reset is enabled by programming the
BOREN<1:0> bits in the Configuration register. The
brown-out trip point is selectable from two trip points
via the BORV bit in the Configuration register.
Between the POR and BOR, complete voltage range
coverage for execution protection can be imple-
mented.
If VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is
running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset
and the Power-up Timer will be re-initialized. Once VDD
rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute a
64 ms Reset.
Two bits are used to enable the BOR. When
BOREN = 11, the BOR is always enabled. When
BOREN = 10, the BOR is enabled, but disabled during
Sleep. When BOREN = 0X, the BOR is disabled.
Note:
When erasing Flash program memory, the
BOR is forced to enabled at the minimum
BOR setting to guarantee that any code
protection circuitry is operating properly.
FIGURE 3-3:
BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS
VDD
VBOR
Internal
Reset
(1)
64 ms
VDD
VBOR
Internal
Reset
< 64 ms
(1)
64 ms
VDD
VBOR
Internal
Reset
(1)
64 ms
Note 1: 64 ms delay only if PWRTE bit is programmed to ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 37
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
3.6
Time-out Sequence
3.7
Power Control (PCON) Register
On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: first,
PWRT time-out is invoked after POR has expired, then
OST is activated after the PWRT time-out has expired.
The total time-out will vary based on oscillator configu-
ration and PWRTE bit status. For example, in EC mode
with PWRTE bit = 1(PWRT disabled), there will be no
time-out at all. Figure 3-4, Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6
depict time-out sequences.
The Power Control (PCON) register has two Status bits
to indicate what type of Reset that last occurred.
Bit 0 is BOR (Brown-out Reset). BOR is unknown on
Power-on Reset. It must then be set by the user and
checked on subsequent Resets to see if BOR = 0,
indicating that a Brown-out has occurred. The BOR
Status bit is a “don’t care” and is not necessarily
predictable if the brown-out circuit is disabled
(BOREN<1:0> = 00in the Configuration Word register).
Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR
is kept low long enough, the time-outs will expire. Then,
bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately
(see Figure 3-5). This is useful for testing purposes or
to synchronize more than one PIC16F72X/
PIC16LF72X device operating in parallel.
Bit 1 is POR (Power-on Reset). It is a ‘0’ on Power-on
Reset and unaffected otherwise. The user must write a
‘1’ to this bit following a Power-on Reset. On a
subsequent Reset, if POR is ‘0’, it will indicate that a
Power-on Reset has occurred (i.e., VDD may have
gone too low).
Table 3-3 shows the Reset conditions for some special
registers.
For more information, see Section 3.5 “Brown-Out
Reset (BOR)”.
TABLE 3-2:
TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
Power-up
Brown-out Reset
Wake-up from
Oscillator Configuration
Sleep
PWRTE = 0
PWRTE = 1
PWRTE = 0
PWRTE = 1
XT, HS, LP(1)
TPWRT + 1024 •
TOSC
1024 • TOSC
TPWRT + 1024 •
TOSC
1024 • TOSC
1024 • TOSC
—
RC, EC, INTOSC
TPWRT
—
TPWRT
—
Note 1: LP mode with T1OSC disabled.
TABLE 3-3:
POR
RESET BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
BOR
TO
PD
Condition
0
1
u
u
u
0
u
u
1
1
0
0
1
1
u
0
Power-on Reset
Brown-out Reset
WDT Reset
WDT Wake-up
u
u
u
u
u
1
u
0
MCLR Reset during normal operation
MCLR Reset during Sleep
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown
DS41341E-page 38
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 3-4:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (DELAYED MCLR): CASE 1
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
TPWRT
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
TOST
FIGURE 3-5:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (DELAYED MCLR): CASE 2
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
TPWRT
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
TOST
FIGURE 3-6:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR WITH VDD): CASE 3
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
TPWRT
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
TOST
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 39
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 3-4:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR REGISTERS
Power-on Reset/
MCLR Reset/
WDT Reset
Wake-up from Sleep through
Interrupt/Time-out
Address
Brown-out Reset(1)
W
—
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
INDF
00h/80h/
100h/180h
TMR0
PCL
01h/101h
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PC + 1(3)
02h/82h/
102h/182h
STATUS
FSR
03h/83h/
103h/183h
0001 1xxx
xxxx xxxx
000q quuu(4)
uuuu uuuu
uuuq quuu(4)
uuuu uuuu
04h/84h/
104h/184h
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD(6)
PORTE
PCLATH
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---- xxxx
---0 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---- xxxx
---0 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- uuuu
---u uuuu
0Ah/8Ah/
10Ah/18Ah
INTCON
0Bh/8Bh/
0000 000x
0000 000x
uuuu uuuu(2)
10Bh/18Bh
PIR1
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
0000 0000
---- ---0
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 00-0
0000 0000
-000 0000
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
0000 0000
---- ---0
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uu-u
0000 0000
-000 0000
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
uuuu uuuu(2)
---- ---u
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uu-u
uuuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
PIR2
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
TXREG
RCREG
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Note 1: If VDD goes too low, Power-on Reset will be activated and registers will be affected differently.
2: One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 and PIR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0004h).
4: See Table 3-5 for Reset value for specific condition.
5: If Reset was due to brown-out, then bit 0 = 0. All other Resets will cause bit 0 = u.
6: PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727 only.
DS41341E-page 40
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 3-4:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Power-on Reset/
MCLR Reset/
WDT Reset
Wake-up from Sleep through
Interrupt/Time-out
Address
Brown-out Reset(1)
ADRES
1Eh
1Fh
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
---- 1111
0000 0000
---- ---0
---- --qq
0000 0x00
--10 qq--
--00 0000
1111 1111
0000 0000
1111 1111
0000 0000
1111 1111
0000 0000
0000 -010
0000 0000
---- --00
q000 --00
-000 --00
0--- 0000
---- 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--xx xxxx
---x xxxx
--11 1111
--11 1111
1111 1111
---- -111
1--- ---0
uuuu uuuu
--00 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
---- 1111
0000 0000
---- ---0
---- --uu(1,5)
uuuu uxuu
--10 qq--
--uu uuuu
1111 1111
0000 0000
1111 1111
0000 0000
1111 1111
0000 0000
0000 -010
0000 0000
---- --00
q000 --00
-000 --00
0--- 0000
---- 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--xx xxxx
---x xxxx
--11 1111
--11 1111
1111 1111
---- -111
1--- ---0
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- ---u
---- --uu
uuuu uxuu
--uu qq--
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu -uuu
uuuu uuuu
---- --uu
uuuu --uu
-uuu --uu
u--- uuuu
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
---u uuuu
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- -uuu
u--- ---u
ADCON0
OPTION_REG 81h/181h
TRISA
85h
86h
TRISB
TRISC
TRISD(6)
87h
88h
TRISE
89h
PIE1
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
PIE2
PCON
T1GCON
OSCCON
OSCTUNE
PR2
90h
91h
92h
SSPADD
SSPMSK
SSPSTAT
WPUB
93h
93h
94h
95h
IOCB
96h
TXSTA
98h
SPBRG
APFCON
FVRCON
ADCON1
CPSCON0
CPSCON1
PMDATL
PMADRL
PMDATH
PMADRH
ANSELA
ANSELB
ANSELD(6)
ANSELE
PMCON1
99h
9Ch
9Dh
9Fh
108h
109h
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
185h
186h
188h
189h
18Ch
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Note 1: If VDD goes too low, Power-on Reset will be activated and registers will be affected differently.
2: One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 and PIR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0004h).
4: See Table 3-5 for Reset value for specific condition.
5: If Reset was due to brown-out, then bit 0 = 0. All other Resets will cause bit 0 = u.
6: PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727 only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 41
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 3-5:
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Program
Counter
STATUS
Register
PCON
Register
Condition
Power-on Reset
0000h
0000h
0001 1xxx
000u uuuu
---- --0x
---- --uu
MCLR Reset during normal operation
MCLR Reset during Sleep
WDT Reset
0000h
0000h
0001 0uuu
0000 uuuu
uuu0 0uuu
0001 1xxx
uuu1 0uuu
---- --uu
---- --uu
---- --uu
---- --10
---- --uu
WDT Wake-up
PC + 1
Brown-out Reset
0000h
PC + 1(1)
Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, reads as ‘0’.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE, is set, the PC is loaded with
the interrupt vector (0004h) after execution of PC + 1.
TABLE 3-6:
Name
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH RESETS
Value on
all other
Resets(1)
Value on
POR, BOR
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
STATUS
PCON
IRP
—
RP1
—
RP0
—
TO
—
PD
—
Z
DC
C
0001 1xxx 000q quuu
---- --qq ---- --uu
—
POR
BOR
Legend:
u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, reads as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition. Shaded cells are not
used by Resets.
Note 1: Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation.
DS41341E-page 42
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X device family has 12
interrupt sources, differentiated by corresponding
interrupt enable and flag bits:
4.0
INTERRUPTS
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X device family features
an interruptible core, allowing certain events to
preempt normal program flow. An Interrupt Service
Routine (ISR) is used to determine the source of the
interrupt and act accordingly. Some interrupts can be
configured to wake the MCU from Sleep mode.
• Timer0 Overflow Interrupt
• External Edge Detect on INT Pin Interrupt
• PORTB Change Interrupt
• Timer1 Gate Interrupt
• A/D Conversion Complete Interrupt
• AUSART Receive Interrupt
• AUSART Transmit Interrupt
• SSP Event Interrupt
• CCP1 Event Interrupt
• Timer2 Match with PR2 Interrupt
• Timer1 Overflow Interrupt
• CCP2 Event Interrupt
A block diagram of the interrupt logic is shown in
Figure 4-1.
FIGURE 4-1:
INTERRUPT LOGIC
IOC-RB0
IOCB0
IOC-RB1
IOCB1
SSPIF
SSPIE
IOC-RB2
IOCB2
TXIF
TXIE
IOC-RB3
IOCB3
RCIF
RCIE
(1)
Wake-up (If in Sleep mode)
IOC-RB4
IOCB4
T0IF
T0IE
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
Interrupt to CPU
IOC-RB5
IOCB5
INTF
INTE
RBIF
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
IOC-RB6
IOCB6
RBIE
ADIF
ADIE
PEIE
GIE
IOC-RB7
IOCB7
TMR1GIF
TMR1GIE
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
Note 1: Some peripherals depend upon the
system clock for operation. Since the
system clock is suspended during
Sleep, these peripherals will not wake
the part from Sleep. See Section 19.1
“Wake-up from Sleep”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 43
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
repeated interrupts. Because the GIE bit is cleared, any
interrupt that occurs while executing the ISR will be
recorded through its Interrupt Flag, but will not cause
the processor to redirect to the interrupt vector.
4.1
Operation
Interrupts are disabled upon any device Reset. They
are enabled by setting the following bits:
• GIE bit of the INTCON register
The RETFIE instruction exits the ISR by popping the
• Interrupt Enable bit(s) for the specific interrupt
event(s)
previous address from the stack and setting the GIE bit.
For additional information on a specific interrupt’s
operation, refer to its peripheral chapter.
• PEIE bit of the INTCON register (if the Interrupt
Enable bit of the interrupt event is contained in the
PIE1 and PIE2 registers)
Note 1: Individual Interrupt Flag bits are set,
regardless of the state of any other
enable bits.
The INTCON, PIR1 and PIR2 registers record individ-
ual interrupts via Interrupt Flag bits. Interrupt Flag bits
will be set, regardless of the status of the GIE, PEIE
and individual Interrupt Enable bits.
2: All interrupts will be ignored while the GIE
bit is cleared. Any interrupt occurring
while the GIE bit is clear will be serviced
when the GIE bit is set again.
The following events happen when an interrupt event
occurs while the GIE bit is set:
• Current prefetched instruction is flushed
• GIE bit is cleared
4.2
Interrupt Latency
Interrupt latency is defined as the time from when the
interrupt event occurs to the time code execution at the
interrupt vector begins. The latency for synchronous
interrupts is 3 instruction cycles. For asynchronous
interrupts, the latency is 3 to 4 instruction cycles,
depending on when the interrupt occurs. See Figure 4-2
for timing details.
• Current Program Counter (PC) is pushed onto the
stack
• PC is loaded with the interrupt vector 0004h
The ISR determines the source of the interrupt by
polling the Interrupt Flag bits. The Interrupt Flag bits
must be cleared before exiting the ISR to avoid
FIGURE 4-2:
INT PIN INTERRUPT TIMING
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
(3)
CLKOUT
(4)
INT pin
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
Interrupt Latency
INTF flag
(INTCON<1>)
GIE bit
(INTCON<7>)
INSTRUCTION FLOW
PC
PC + 1
—
0004h
0005h
PC
Inst (PC)
PC + 1
Instruction
Fetched
Inst (0004h)
Inst (PC + 1)
Inst (0005h)
Inst (0004h)
Instruction
Executed
Dummy Cycle
Dummy Cycle
Inst (PC)
Inst (PC – 1)
Note 1: INTF flag is sampled here (every Q1).
2: Asynchronous interrupt latency = 3-4 TCY. Synchronous latency = 3 TCY, where TCY = instruction cycle time. Latency
is the same whether Inst (PC) is a single cycle or a 2-cycle instruction.
3: CLKOUT is available only in INTOSC and RC Oscillator modes.
4: For minimum width of INT pulse, refer to AC specifications in Section 23.0 “Electrical Specifications”.
5: INTF is enabled to be set any time during the Q4-Q1 cycles.
DS41341E-page 44
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
following the ISR from using invalid data. Examples of
key registers include the W, STATUS, FSR and
PCLATH registers.
4.3
Interrupts During Sleep
Some interrupts can be used to wake from Sleep. To
wake from Sleep, the peripheral must be able to
operate without the system clock. The interrupt source
must have the appropriate Interrupt Enable bit(s) set
prior to entering Sleep.
Note:
The microcontroller does not normally
require saving the PCLATH register.
However, if computed GOTO’s are used,
the PCLATH register must be saved at the
beginning of the ISR and restored when
the ISR is complete to ensure correct
program flow.
On waking from Sleep, if the GIE bit is also set, the
processor will branch to the interrupt vector. Otherwise,
the processor will continue executing instructions after
the SLEEPinstruction. The instruction directly after the
SLEEP instruction will always be executed before
branching to the ISR. Refer to the Section 19.0
“Power-Down Mode (Sleep)” for more details.
The code shown in Example 4-1 can be used to do the
following.
• Save the W register
• Save the STATUS register
• Save the PCLATH register
• Execute the ISR program
• Restore the PCLATH register
• Restore the STATUS register
• Restore the W register
4.4
INT Pin
The external interrupt, INT pin, causes an
asynchronous, edge-triggered interrupt. The INTEDG bit
of the OPTION register determines on which edge the
interrupt will occur. When the INTEDG bit is set, the
rising edge will cause the interrupt. When the INTEDG
bit is clear, the falling edge will cause the interrupt. The
INTF bit of the INTCON register will be set when a valid
edge appears on the INT pin. If the GIE and INTE bits
are also set, the processor will redirect program
execution to the interrupt vector. This interrupt is
disabled by clearing the INTE bit of the INTCON register.
Since most instructions modify the W register, it must
be saved immediately upon entering the ISR. The
SWAPF instruction is used when saving and restoring
the W and STATUS registers because it will not affect
any bits in the STATUS register. It is useful to place
W_TEMP in shared memory because the ISR cannot
predict which bank will be selected when the interrupt
occurs.
4.5
Context Saving
The processor will branch to the interrupt vector by
loading the PC with 0004h. The PCLATH register will
remain unchanged. This requires the ISR to ensure
that the PCLATH register is set properly before using
an instruction that causes PCLATH to be loaded into
the PC. See Section 2.3 “PCL and PCLATH” for
details on PC operation.
When an interrupt occurs, only the return PC value is
saved to the stack. If the ISR modifies or uses an
instruction that modifies key registers, their values
must be saved at the beginning of the ISR and restored
when the ISR completes. This prevents instructions
EXAMPLE 4-1:
SAVING W, STATUS AND PCLATH REGISTERS IN RAM
;Copy W to W_TEMP register
MOVWF
SWAPF
W_TEMP
STATUS,W
;Swap status to be saved into W
;Swaps are used because they do not affect the status bits
;Select regardless of current bank
BANKSEL STATUS_TEMP
MOVWF
MOVF
MOVWF
:
STATUS_TEMP
PCLATH,W
PCLATH_TEMP
;Copy status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
;Copy PCLATH to W register
;Copy W register to PCLATH_TEMP
:(ISR)
:
;Insert user code here
BANKSEL STATUS_TEMP
;Select regardless of current bank
;
;Restore PCLATH
;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
;Move W into STATUS register
;Swap W_TEMP
MOVF
MOVWF
SWAPF
PCLATH_TEMP,W
PCLATH
STATUS_TEMP,W
MOVWF
SWAPF
SWAPF
STATUS
W_TEMP,F
W_TEMP,W
;Swap W_TEMP into W
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 45
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
4.5.1
INTCON REGISTER
Note:
Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs, regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register.
User software should ensure the appropri-
ate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to
enabling an interrupt.
The INTCON register is a readable and writable
register, which contains the various enable and flag bits
for TMR0 register overflow, PORTB change and
external RB0/INT/SEG0 pin interrupts.
REGISTER 4-1:
INTCON: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
GIE
R/W-0
PEIE
R/W-0
T0IE
R/W-0
INTE
R/W-0
RBIE(1)
R/W-0
T0IF(2)
R/W-0
INTF
R/W-x
RBIF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables all unmasked interrupts
0= Disables all interrupts
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0= Disables all peripheral interrupts
T0IE: Timer0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the Timer0 interrupt
0= Disables the Timer0 interrupt
INTE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt
0= Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt
RBIE: PORTB Change Interrupt Enable bit(1)
1= Enables the PORTB change interrupt
0= Disables the PORTB change interrupt
T0IF: Timer0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit(2)
1= TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0= TMR0 register did not overflow
INTF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit
1= The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur
RBIF: PORTB Change Interrupt Flag bit
1= When at least one of the PORTB general purpose I/O pins changed state (must be cleared in soft-
ware)
0= None of the PORTB general purpose I/O pins have changed state
Note 1: The appropriate bits in the IOCB register must also be set.
2: T0IF bit is set when Timer0 rolls over. Timer0 is unchanged on Reset and should be initialized before
clearing T0IF bit.
DS41341E-page 46
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
4.5.2
PIE1 REGISTER
The PIE1 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as
shown in Register 4-2.
Note:
Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be
set to enable any peripheral interrupt.
REGISTER 4-2:
PIE1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1
R/W-0
TMR1GIE
bit 7
R/W-0
ADIE
R/W-0
RCIE
R/W-0
TXIE
R/W-0
SSPIE
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
CCP1IE
TMR2IE
TMR1IE
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
TMR1GIE: Timer1 Gate Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enable the Timer1 Gate Acquisition complete interrupt
0= Disable the Timer1 Gate Acquisition complete interrupt
ADIE: A/D Converter (ADC) Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the ADC interrupt
0= Disables the ADC interrupt
RCIE: USART Receive Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the USART receive interrupt
0= Disables the USART receive interrupt
TXIE: USART Transmit Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the USART transmit interrupt
0= Disables the USART transmit interrupt
SSPIE: Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the SSP interrupt
0= Disables the SSP interrupt
CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the CCP1 interrupt
0= Disables the CCP1 interrupt
TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the Timer2 to PR2 match interrupt
0= Disables the Timer2 to PR2 match interrupt
TMR1IE: Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the Timer1 overflow interrupt
0= Disables the Timer1 overflow interrupt
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 47
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
4.5.3
PIE2 REGISTER
The PIE2 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as
shown in Register 4-3.
Note:
Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be
set to enable any peripheral interrupt.
REGISTER 4-3:
PIE2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 2
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
CCP2IE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-1
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
CCP2IE: CCP2 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the CCP2 interrupt
0= Disables the CCP2 interrupt
DS41341E-page 48
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
4.5.4
PIR1 REGISTER
The PIR1 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as
shown in Register 4-4.
Note:
Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs, regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the Global
Enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register.
User software should ensure the
appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior
to enabling an interrupt.
REGISTER 4-4:
PIR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST REGISTER 1
R/W-0
TMR1GIF
bit 7
R/W-0
ADIF
R-0
R-0
R/W-0
SSPIF
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
RCIF
TXIF
CCP1IF
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
TMR1GIF: Timer1 Gate Interrupt Flag bit
1= Timer1 Gate is inactive
0= Timer1 Gate is active
ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1= A/D conversion complete (must be cleared in software)
0= A/D conversion has not completed or has not been started
RCIF: USART Receive Interrupt Flag bit
1= The USART receive buffer is full (cleared by reading RCREG)
0= The USART receive buffer is not full
TXIF: USART Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1= The USART transmit buffer is empty (cleared by writing to TXREG)
0= The USART transmit buffer is full
SSPIF: Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Interrupt Flag bit
1= The Transmission/Reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0= Waiting to Transmit/Receive
CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1= A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1= A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode
bit 1
bit 0
TMR2IF: Timer2 to PR2 Interrupt Flag bit
1= A Timer2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No Timer2 to PR2 match occurred
TMR1IF: Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1= The TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0= The TMR1 register did not overflow
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 49
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
4.5.5
PIR2 REGISTER
The PIR2 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as
shown in Register 4-5.
Note:
Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs, regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the Global
Enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register.
User software should ensure the
appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior
to enabling an interrupt.
REGISTER 4-5:
PIR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST REGISTER 2
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
CCP2IF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-1
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
CCP2IF: CCP2 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture Mode:
1= A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare Mode:
1= A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode
TABLE 4-1:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERRUPTS
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
GIE
PEIE
T0IE
INTE
RBIE
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
1111 1111 1111 1111
0000 0000 0000 0000
---- ---0 ---- ---0
0000 0000 0000 0000
---- ---0 ---- ---0
OPTION_REG
PIE1
RBPU
TMR1GIE
—
INTEDG
ADIE
—
T0CS
RCIE
—
T0SE
TXIE
—
PSA
SSPIE
—
PS2
CCP1IE
—
PS1
TMR2IE
—
PS0
TMR1IE
CCP2IE
TMR1IF
CCP2IF
PIE2
PIR1
TMR1GIF
—
ADIF
—
RCIF
—
TXIF
—
SSPIF
—
CCP1IF
—
TMR2IF
—
PIR2
Legend: -= Unimplemented locations, read as ‘0’, u= unchanged, x= unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Capture, Compare and PWM.
DS41341E-page 50
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
5.0
LOW DROPOUT (LDO)
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
The PIC16F72X devices differ from the PIC16LF72X
devices due to an internal Low Dropout (LDO) voltage
regulator. The PIC16F72X contain an internal LDO,
while the PIC16LF72X do not.
The lithography of the die allows a maximum operating
voltage of 3.6V on the internal digital logic. In order to
continue to support 5.0V designs, a LDO voltage
regulator is integrated on the die. The LDO voltage
regulator allows for the internal digital logic to operate
at 3.2V, while I/O’s operate at 5.0V (VDD).
The LDO voltage regulator requires an external bypass
capacitor for stability. One of three pins, denoted as
VCAP, can be configured for the external bypass
capacitor. It is recommended that the capacitor be a
ceramic cap between 0.1 to 1.0 µF. The VCAP pin is not
intended to supply power to external loads. An external
voltage regulator should be used if this functionality is
required. In addition, external devices should not
supply power to the VCAP pin.
On power-up, the external capacitor will look like a
large load on the LDO voltage regulator. To prevent
erroneous operation, the device is held in Reset while
a
constant current source charges the external
capacitor. After the cap is fully charged, the device is
released from Reset. For more information, refer to
Section 23.0 “Electrical Specifications”.
See Configuration Word 2 register (Register 8-2) for
VCAP enable bits.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 51
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 52
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.0
I/O PORTS
There are as many as thirty-five general purpose I/O
pins available. Depending on which peripherals are
enabled, some or all of the pins may not be available as
general purpose I/O. In general, when a peripheral is
enabled, the associated pin may not be used as a
general purpose I/O pin.
6.1
Alternate Pin Function
The Alternate Pin Function Control (APFCON) register
is used to steer specific peripheral input and output
functions between different pins. The APFCON register
is shown in Register 6-1. For this device family, the
following functions can be moved between different
pins.
• SS (Slave Select)
• CCP2
REGISTER 6-1:
APFCON: ALTERNATE PIN FUNCTION CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSSEL
CCP2SEL
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’.
SSSEL: SS Input Pin Selection bit
0= SS function is on RA5/AN4/CPS7/SS/VCAP
1= SS function is on RA0/AN0/SS/VCAP
bit 0
CCP2SEL: CCP2 Input/Output Pin Selection bit
0= CCP2 function is on RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
1= CCP2 function is on RB3/CCP2
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 53
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The TRISA register (Register 6-3) controls the PORTA
pin output drivers, even when they are being used as
analog inputs. The user should ensure the bits in the
TRISA register are maintained set when using them as
analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog input
always read ‘0’.
6.2
PORTA and the TRISA Registers
PORTA is
a 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The
corresponding data direction register is TRISA
(Register 6-3). Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORTA pin an input (i.e., disable the
output driver). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will make the
corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., enables
output driver and puts the contents of the output latch
on the selected pin). Example 6-1 shows how to
initialize PORTA.
Note:
The ANSELA register must be initialized to
configure an analog channel as a digital
input. Pins configured as analog inputs will
read ‘0’.
Reading the PORTA register (Register 6-2) reads the
status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the
PORT latch. All write operations are read-modify-write
operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the
port pins are read, this value is modified and then
written to the PORT data latch.
EXAMPLE 6-1:
INITIALIZING PORTA
BANKSELPORTA
;
CLRF
BANKSELANSELA
CLRF ANSELA
BANKSELTRISA
PORTA
;Init PORTA
;
;digital I/O
;
;Set RA<3:2> as inputs
;and set RA<7:4,1:0>
;as outputs
MOVLW
MOVWF
0Ch
TRISA
REGISTER 6-2:
PORTA: PORTA REGISTER
R/W-x
RA7
R/W-x
RA6
R/W-x
RA5
R/W-x
RA4
R/W-x
RA3
R/W-x
RA2
R/W-x
RA1
R/W-x
RA0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
RA<7:0>: PORTA I/O Pin bit
1= Port pin is > VIH
0= Port pin is < VIL
REGISTER 6-3:
TRISA: PORTA TRI-STATE REGISTER
R/W-1
TRISA7
bit 7
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
TRISA6
TRISA5
TRISA4
TRISA3
TRISA2
TRISA1
TRISA0
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
TRISA<7:0>: PORTA Tri-State Control bit
1= PORTA pin configured as an input (tri-stated)
0= PORTA pin configured as an output
DS41341E-page 54
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.2.1
ANSELA REGISTER
The ANSELA register (Register 6-4) is used to
configure the Input mode of an I/O pin to analog.
Setting the appropriate ANSELA bit high will cause all
digital reads on the pin to be read as ‘0’ and allow
analog functions on the pin to operate correctly.
The state of the ANSELA bits has no affect on digital
output functions. A pin with TRIS clear and ANSEL set
will still operate as a digital output, but the Input mode
will be analog. This can cause unexpected behavior
when executing read-modify-write instructions on the
affected port.
REGISTER 6-4:
ANSELA: PORTA ANALOG SELECT REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
ANSA5
ANSA4
ANSA3
ANSA2
ANSA1
ANSA0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
ANSA<5:0>: Analog Select between Analog or Digital Function on pins RA<5:0>, respectively
0= Digital I/O. Pin is assigned to port or Digital special function.
1= Analog input. Pin is assigned as analog input(1). Digital Input buffer disabled.
Note 1: When setting a pin to an analog input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set to Input mode in order to
allow external control of the voltage on the pin.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 55
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.2.2
PIN DESCRIPTIONS AND
DIAGRAMS
6.2.2.6
RA5/AN4/CPS7/SS/VCAP
Figure 6-4 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
Each PORTA pin is multiplexed with other functions. The
pins and their combined functions are briefly described
here. For specific information about individual functions
such as the A/D Converter (ADC), refer to the
appropriate section in this data sheet.
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
• a slave select input for the SSP(1)
6.2.2.1
RA0/AN0/SS/VCAP
• a Voltage Regulator Capacitor pin (PIC16F72X
only)
Figure 6-1 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
Note 1: SS pin location may be selected as RA5
or RA0.
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a slave select input for the SSP(1)
6.2.2.7
RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT/VCAP
Figure 6-5 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a Voltage Regulator Capacitor pin (PIC16F72X
only)
• a general purpose I/O
• a crystal/resonator connection
• a clock output
Note 1: SS pin location may be selected as RA5
or RA0.
6.2.2.2
RA1/AN1
• a Voltage Regulator Capacitor pin (PIC16F72X
only)
Figure 6-2 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
6.2.2.8
RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
• a general purpose I/O
Figure 6-6 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• an analog input for the ADC
6.2.2.3
RA2/AN2
• a general purpose I/O
• a crystal/resonator connection
• a clock input
Figure 6-2 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
6.2.2.4
RA3/AN3/VREF
Figure 6-2 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a voltage reference input for the ADC
6.2.2.5
RA4/CPS6/T0CKI
Figure 6-3 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a capacitive sensing input
• a clock input for Timer0
The Timer0 clock input function works independently
of any TRIS register setting. Effectively, if TRISA4 = 0,
the PORTA4 register bit will output to the pad and
Clock Timer0 at the same time.
DS41341E-page 56
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-1:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA0
PIC16F72X only
To Voltage Regulator
VCAPEN = 00
VDD
Data Bus
D
Q
I/O Pin
WR
PORTA
CK
Q
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISA
CK
RD
TRISA
ANSA0
RD
PORTA
To SSP SS Input
To A/D Converter
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 57
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-2:
RA<3:1> BLOCK DIAGRAM
VDD
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
PORTA
CK
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISA
CK
RD
TRISA
ANSAx
RD
PORTA
To A/D Converter
FIGURE 6-3:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA4
VDD
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTA
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISA
CK
RD
TRISA
ANSA4
RD
PORTA
To Timer0 Clock MUX
To Cap Sensor
DS41341E-page 58
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-4:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA5
PIC16F72X only
To Voltage Regulator
VCAPEN = 01
VDD
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTA
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISA
CK
RD
TRISA
ANSA5
RD
PORTA
To SSP SS Input
To A/D Converter
To Cap Sensor
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 59
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-5:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA6
PIC16F72X only
To Voltage Regulator
VCAPEN = 10
Oscillator
Circuit
CLKOUT(1)
Enable
VDD
RA7/OSC1
Data Bus
I/O Pin
FOSC/4
Q
1
0
D
WR
CK
Q
PORTA
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISA
CK
RD
TRISA
FOSC = LP or XT or HS
(00XOR 010)
RD
PORTA
Note 1: CLKOUT Enable = 1When FOSC = RC or INTOSC (No I/O Selected).
FIGURE 6-6:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA7
Oscillator
Circuit
VDD
Data Bus
RA6/OSC2
I/O Pin
D
Q
Q
WR
PORTA
CK
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISA
CK
RD
TRISA
OSC = INTOSC or
INTOSCIO
RD
PORTA
DS41341E-page 60
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 6-1:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ADCON0
—
—
CHS3
CHS2
CHS1
CHS0
ADON
0000 0000
0000 0000
GO/DONE
ADREF1
ANSA1
ADCON1
ANSELA
—
—
ADCS2
—
ADCS1
ANSA5
—
ADCS0
ANSA4
—
—
ANSA3
—
—
ANSA2
—
ADREF0
ANSA0
-000 --00
--11 1111
-000 --00
--11 1111
---- --00
0--- 0000
---- 0000
—
APFCON
CPSCON0
CPSCON1
CONFIG2(1)
OPTION_REG
PORTA
—
—
SSSEL
CCP2SEL ---- --00
CPSON
—
—
—
—
CPSRNG1 CPSRNG0 CPSOUT
T0XCS
CPSCH0
—
0--- 0000
---- 0000
—
—
—
—
CPSCH3
—
CPSCH2
—
CPSCH1
—
VCAPEN1 VCAPEN0
—
—
RBPU
RA7
WCOL
TRISA7
INTEDG
RA6
SSPOV
TRISA6
T0CS
RA5
T0SE
RA4
PSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
1111 1111
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
1111 1111
RA3
RA2
RA1
RA0
SSPCON
TRISA
SSPEN
TRISA5
CKP
SSPM3
TRISA3
SSPM2
TRISA2
SSPM1
TRISA1
SSPM0
TRISA0
TRISA4
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, – = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.
Note 1:
PIC16F72X only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 61
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.3.1
ANSELB REGISTER
6.3
PORTB and TRISB Registers
The ANSELB register (Register 6-9) is used to
configure the Input mode of an I/O pin to analog.
Setting the appropriate ANSELB bit high will cause all
digital reads on the pin to be read as ‘0’ and allow
analog functions on the pin to operate correctly.
PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The
corresponding data direction register is TRISB
(Register 6-6). Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORTB pin an input (i.e., put the
corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode).
Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding
PORTB pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Example 6-2 shows how to initialize PORTB.
The state of the ANSELB bits has no affect on digital
output functions. A pin with TRIS clear and ANSELB
set will still operate as a digital output, but the Input
mode will be analog. This can cause unexpected
behavior
instructions on the affected port.
when
executing
read-modify-write
Reading the PORTB register (Register 6-5) reads the
status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the
PORT latch. All write operations are read-modify-write
operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the
port pins are read, this value is modified and then written
to the PORT data latch.
6.3.2
WEAK PULL-UPS
Each of the PORTB pins has an individually configurable
internal weak pull-up. Control bits WPUB<7:0> enable or
disable each pull-up (see Register 6-7). Each weak
pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is
configured as an output. All pull-ups are disabled on a
Power-on Reset by the RBPU bit of the OPTION register.
The TRISB register (Register 6-6) controls the PORTB
pin output drivers, even when they are being used as
analog inputs. The user should ensure the bits in the
TRISB register are maintained set when using them as
analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog input always
read ‘0’. Example 6-2 shows how to initialize PORTB.
6.3.3
INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE
All of the PORTB pins are individually configurable as an
interrupt-on-change pin. Control bits IOCB<7:0> enable
or disable the interrupt function for each pin. Refer to
Register 6-8. The interrupt-on-change feature is
disabled on a Power-on Reset.
EXAMPLE 6-2:
INITIALIZING PORTB
BANKSEL PORTB
;
CLRF
BANKSEL ANSELB
CLRF ANSELB
BANKSEL TRISB
PORTB
;Init PORTB
For enabled interrupt-on-change pins, the present value
is compared with the old value latched on the last read
of PORTB to determine which bits have changed or
mismatched the old value. The ‘mismatch’ outputs of
the last read are OR’d together to set the PORTB
Change Interrupt flag bit (RBIF) in the INTCON register.
;Make RB<7:0> digital
;
MOVLW
B’11110000’ ;Set RB<7:4> as inputs
;and RB<3:0> as outputs
;
MOVWF
TRISB
This interrupt can wake the device from Sleep. The user,
in the Interrupt Service Routine, clears the interrupt by:
Note:
The ANSELB register must be initialized to
configure an analog channel as a digital
input. Pins configured as analog inputs will
read ‘0’.
a) Any read or write of PORTB. This will end the
mismatch condition.
b) Clear the flag bit RBIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF.
Reading or writing PORTB will end the mismatch
condition and allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared. The latch
holding the last read value is not affected by a MCLR nor
Brown-out Reset. After these Resets, the RBIF flag will
continue to be set if a mismatch is present.
Note:
When a pin change occurs at the same
time as a read operation on PORTB, the
RBIF flag will always be set. If multiple
PORTB pins are configured for the
interrupt-on-change, the user may not be
able to identify which pin changed state.
DS41341E-page 62
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 6-5:
PORTB: PORTB REGISTER
R/W-x
RB7
R/W-x
RB6
R/W-x
RB5
R/W-x
RB4
R/W-x
RB3
R/W-x
RB2
R/W-x
RB1
R/W-x
RB0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
RB<7:0>: PORTB I/O Pin bit
1= Port pin is > VIH
0= Port pin is < VIL
REGISTER 6-6:
TRISB: PORTB TRI-STATE REGISTER
R/W-1
TRISB7
bit 7
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
TRISB6
TRISB5
TRISB4
TRISB3
TRISB2
TRISB1
TRISB0
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
TRISB<7:0>: PORTB Tri-State Control bit
1= PORTB pin configured as an input (tri-stated)
0= PORTB pin configured as an output
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 63
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 6-7:
WPUB: WEAK PULL-UP PORTB REGISTER
R/W-1
WPUB7
bit 7
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
WPUB6
WPUB5
WPUB4
WPUB3
WPUB2
WPUB1
WPUB0
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
WPUB<7:0>: Weak Pull-up Register bits
1= Pull-up enabled
0= Pull-up disabled
Note 1: Global RBPU bit of the OPTION register must be cleared for individual pull-ups to be enabled.
2: The weak pull-up device is automatically disabled if the pin is in configured as an output.
REGISTER 6-8:
IOCB: INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE PORTB REGISTER
R/W-0
IOCB7
bit 7
R/W-0
IOCB6
R/W-0
IOCB5
R/W-0
IOCB4
R/W-0
IOCB3
R/W-0
IOCB2
R/W-0
IOCB1
R/W-0
IOCB0
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
IOCB<7:0>: Interrupt-on-Change PORTB Control bits
1= Interrupt-on-change enabled
0= Interrupt-on-change disabled
REGISTER 6-9:
ANSELB: PORTB ANALOG SELECT REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
ANSB5
ANSB4
ANSB3
ANSB2
ANSB1
ANSB0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
ANSB<5:0>: Analog Select between Analog or Digital Function on Pins RB<5:0>, respectively
0= Digital I/O. Pin is assigned to port or Digital special function.
1= Analog input. Pin is assigned as analog input(1). Digital Input buffer disabled.
Note 1: When setting a pin to an analog input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set to Input mode in order to
allow external control of the voltage on the pin.
DS41341E-page 64
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.3.4
PIN DESCRIPTIONS AND
DIAGRAMS
6.3.4.6
RB5/AN13/CPS5/T1G
Figure 6-10 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
Each PORTB pin is multiplexed with other functions. The
pins and their combined functions are briefly described
here. For specific information about individual functions
such as the SSP, I2C or interrupts, refer to the appropriate
section in this data sheet.
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
• a Timer1 gate input
6.3.4.1
RB0/AN12/CPS0/INT
6.3.4.7
RB6/ICSPCLK
Figure 6-7 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
Figure 6-11 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
• an external edge triggered interrupt
• In-Circuit Serial Programming clock
6.3.4.8
RB7/ICSPDAT
Figure 6-12 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
6.3.4.2
RB1/AN10/CPS1
Figure 6-8 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• In-Circuit Serial Programming data
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
6.3.4.3
RB2/AN8/CPS2
Figure 6-8 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
6.3.4.4
RB3/AN9/CPS3/CCP2
Figure 6-9 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
• a Capture 2 input, Compare 2 output, and PWM2
output
Note:
CCP2 pin location may be selected as
RB3 or RC1.
6.3.4.5
RB4/AN11/CPS4
Figure 6-8 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
• a capacitive sensing input
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 65
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-7:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB0
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
VDD
Weak
WR
WPUB
CK
VDD
RBPU
RD
WPUB
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTB
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISB
CK
RD
TRISB
ANSB0
RD
PORTB
D
Q
Q
Q
Q
D
CK
WR
IOCB
EN
Q3
RD
IOCB
D
EN
Interrupt-on-
Change
RD PORTB
To External Interrupt Logic
To A/D Converter
To Cap Sensor
DS41341E-page 66
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-8:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB4, RB<2:1>
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
VDD
WR
WPUB
CK
Weak
VDD
RBPU
RD
WPUB
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTB
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISB
CK
RD
TRISB
ANSB<4,2,1>
RD
PORTB
D
Q
Q
Q
Q
D
CK
WR
IOCB
EN
Q3
To A/D Converter
To Cap Sensor
RD
IOCB
D
EN
Interrupt-on-
Change
RD PORTB
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 67
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-9:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB3
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
VDD
Weak
WR
WPUB
CK
CCP2OUT
Enable
VDD
RBPU
RD
WPUB
CCP2OUT
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTB
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISB
CK
RD
TRISB
ANSB<5,3>
RD
PORTB
D
Q
Q
Q
Q
D
CK
WR
IOCB
EN
Q3
RD
IOCB
D
EN
Interrupt-on-
Change
RD PORTB
To CCP2(1)
To A/D Converter
To Cap Sensor
Note 1: CCP2 input is controlled by CCP2SEL in the APFCON register.
DS41341E-page 68
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-10:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB5
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
VDD
WR
WPUB
CK
Weak
CCP2OUT
VDD
Enable
RBPU
RD
WPUB
CCP2OUT
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTB
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISB
CK
RD
TRISB
ANSB<5,3>
RD
PORTB
D
Q
Q
Q
Q
D
EN
CK
WR
IOCB
Q3
RD
IOCB
D
EN
Interrupt-on-
Change
RD PORTB
To Timer1 Gate
To A/D Converter
To Cap Sensor
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 69
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-11:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB6
ICSP™ MODE
DEBUG
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
VDD
Weak
WR
WPUB
CK
VDD
RBPU
PORT_ICDCLK
RD
WPUB
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTB
VSS
D
Q
Q
0
1
WR
TRISB
CK
RD
TRISB
TRIS_ICDCLK
RD
PORTB
D
Q
Q
Q
Q
D
CK
WR
IOCB
EN
Q3
RD
IOCB
D
EN
Interrupt-on-
Change
RD PORTB
ICSPCLK
DS41341E-page 70
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-12:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB7
ICSP™ MODE
DEBUG
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
VDD
WR
WPUB
CK
Weak
VDD
RBPU
RD
WPUB
PORT_ICDDAT
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTB
VSS
D
Q
Q
0
1
WR
TRISB
CK
RD
TRISB
TRIS_ICDDAT
RD
PORTB
D
Q
Q
Q
Q
D
CK
WR
IOCB
EN
Q3
RD
IOCB
D
EN
Interrupt-on-
Change
RD PORTB
ICSPDAT_IN
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 71
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 6-2:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB
Value on all
other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ADCON0
ANSELB
APFCON
CCP2CON
CPSCON0
CPSCON1
INTCON
IOCB
—
—
—
—
CHS3
ANSB5
—
CHS2
ANSB4
—
CHS1
ANSB3
—
CHS0
ANSB2
—
GO/DONE
ANSB1
ADON
--00 0000 --00 0000
--11 1111 --11 1111
ANSB0
—
—
SSSEL
CCP2SEL ---- --00 ---- --00
CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
—
—
DC2B1
—
DC2B0
—
CCP2M3
CCP2M2
CCP2M1
CPSON
—
—
CPSRNG1 CPSRNG0 CPSOUT
T0XCS
0--- 0000 0--- 0000
—
—
—
CPSCH3
RBIE
CPSCH2
T0IF
CPSCH1
INTF
CPSCH0 ---- 0000 ---- 0000
GIE
IOCB7
PEIE
IOCB6
T0IE
IOCB5
INTE
IOCB4
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000X
0000 0000 0000 0000
IOCB3
IOCB2
IOCB1
IOCB0
OPTION_REG
PORTB
RBPU
RB7
INTEDG
RB6
T0CS
RB5
T0SE
RB4
PSA
RB3
PS2
RB2
PS1
RB1
PS0
RB0
1111 1111 1111 1111
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
0000 0x00 uuuu uxuu
T1GCON
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
T1GTM
T1GSPM
T1GGO/
DONE
T1GVAL
T1GSS1
T1GSS0
TRISB
TRISB7
WPUB7
TRISB6
WPUB6
TRISB5
WPUB5
TRISB4
WPUB4
TRISB3
WPUB3
TRISB2
WPUB2
TRISB1
WPUB1
TRISB0
WPUB0
1111 1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
WPUB
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Port B.
DS41341E-page 72
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The TRISC register (Register 6-11) controls the PORTC
pin output drivers, even when they are being used as
analog inputs. The user should ensure the bits in the
TRISC register are maintained set when using them as
analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog input always
read ‘0’.
6.4
PORTC and TRISC Registers
PORTC is
a 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The
corresponding data direction register is TRISC
(Register 6-11). Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORTC pin an input (i.e., put the
corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode).
Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding
PORTC pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Example 6-3 shows how to initialize PORTC.
EXAMPLE 6-3:
INITIALIZING PORTC
BANKSELPORTC
;
CLRF
BANKSELTRISC
PORTC
;Init PORTC
;
Reading the PORTC register (Register 6-10) reads the
status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the
PORT latch. All write operations are read-modify-write
operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the
port pins are read, this value is modified and then written
to the PORT data latch.
MOVLW
MOVWF
B‘00001100’ ;Set RC<3:2> as inputs
TRISC
;and set RC<7:4,1:0>
;as outputs
The location of the CCP2 function is controlled by the
CCP2SEL bit in the APFCON register (refer to
Register 6-1)
REGISTER 6-10: PORTC: PORTC REGISTER
R/W-x
RC7
R/W-x
RC6
R/W-x
RC5
R/W-x
RC4
R/W-x
RC3
R/W-x
RC2
R/W-x
RC1
R/W-x
RC0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
RC<7:0>: PORTC General Purpose I/O Pin bits
1= Port pin is > VIH
0= Port pin is < VIL
REGISTER 6-11: TRISC: PORTC TRI-STATE REGISTER
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
TRISC7
TRISC6
TRISC5
TRISC4
TRISC3
TRISC2
TRISC1
TRISC0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
TRISC<7:0>: PORTC Tri-State Control bits
1= PORTC pin configured as an input (tri-stated)
0= PORTC pin configured as an output
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 73
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.4.1
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
6.4.8
RC7/RX/DT
Figure 6-13 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
Figure 6-20 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a Timer1 oscillator output
• a Timer1 clock input
• a general purpose I/O
• an asynchronous serial input
• a synchronous serial data I/O
6.4.2
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
Figure 6-14 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a Timer1 oscillator input
• a Capture 2 input, Compare 2 output, and PWM2
output
Note:
CCP2 pin location may be selected as
RB3 or RC1.
6.4.3
RC2/CCP1
Figure 6-15 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a Capture 1 input, Compare 1 output, and PWM1
output
6.4.4
RC3/SCK/SCL
Figure 6-16 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a SPI clock
• an I2C™ clock
6.4.5
RC4/SDI/SDA
Figure 6-17 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a SPI data input
• an I2C data I/O
6.4.6
RC5/SDO
Figure 6-18 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a SPI data output
6.4.7
RC6/TX/CK
Figure 6-19 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an asynchronous serial output
• a synchronous clock I/O
DS41341E-page 74
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-13:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC0
Oscillator
Circuit
VDD
Data Bus
RC1/T1OSI
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTC
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
T1OSCEN
RD
PORTC
To Timer1 CLK Input
FIGURE 6-14:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC1
CCP2OUT
Enable
Oscillator
Circuit
VDD
Data Bus
RC0/T1OSO
CCP2OUT
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTC
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
T1OSCEN
RD
PORTC
To CCP2(1) Input
Note 1: CCP2 input is controlled by CCP2SEL in the APFCON register.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 75
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-15:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC2
CCP1OUT
Enable
VDD
Data Bus
CCP1OUT
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTC
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
RD
PORTC
To CCP1 Input
FIGURE 6-16:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC3
SSPM = SPI MODE
VDD
SCK_MASTER
Data Bus
1
0
SSPEN
1
0
D
Q
Q
(2)
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTC
VSS
SCL
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
To SSP SPI
Clock Input
1
0
RD
PORTC
0
1
SSPEN
SSPM = I2C™ MODE
To SSP I2C™
SCL Input
I2C™(1)
Note 1: I2C™ Schmitt Trigger has special input levels.
2: I2C™ Slew Rate limiting controlled by SMP bit of SSPSTAT register.
DS41341E-page 76
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-17:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC4
SSPEN
SSPM = I2C™ MODE
VDD
Data Bus
1
0
D
Q
(2)
I/O Pin
WR
CK
Q
PORTC
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
To SSP SPI
Data Input
1
0
RD
PORTC
0
1
SDA FROM SSP
To SSP I2C™
SDA Input
I2C™(1)
Note 1: I2C™ Schmitt Trigger has special input levels.
2: I2C™ Slew Rate limiting controlled by SMP bit of SSPSTAT register.
FIGURE 6-18:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC5
SSPEN
SSPM = SPI MODE
VDD
Data Bus
SDO
1
0
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTC
VSS
D
Q
Q
SDO
EN
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
RD
PORTC
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 77
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-19:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC6
SYNC
USART_TX
USART_CK
0
1
VDD
1
0
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
PORTC
CK
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
RD
PORTC
SPEN
0
1
TXEN
CSRC
SYNC
To USART
Sync Clock Input
FIGURE 6-20:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RC7
SPEN
SYNC
VDD
Data Bus
USART_DT
Q
1
0
D
I/O Pin
WR
CK
Q
PORTC
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISC
CK
RD
TRISC
RD
PORTC
SPEN
SYNC
TXEN
SREN
CREN
To USART Data Input
DS41341E-page 78
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 6-3:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC
Value on all
other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
APFCON
CCP1CON
CCP2CON
PORTC
—
—
—
—
—
—
DC1B0
DC2B0
RC4
—
—
SSSEL
CCP1M1
CCP2M1
RC1
CCP2SEL ---- --00 ---- --00
CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
DC1B1
DC2B1
RC5
CCP1M3
CCP2M3
RC3
CCP1M2
CCP2M2
RC2
—
—
RC7
SPEN
WCOL
SMP
RC6
RX9
SSPOV
CKE
RC0
RX9D
SSPM0
BF
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
0000 000x 0000 000x
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
RCSTA
SREN
SSPEN
D/A
CREN
CKP
ADDEN
SSPM3
S
FERR
SSPM2
R/W
OERR
SSPM1
UA
SSPCON
SSPSTAT
P
—
T1CON
TXSTA
TRISC
TMR1CS1 TMR1CS0 T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC
TMR1ON 0000 00-0 uuuu uu-u
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
SYNC
—
BRGH
TRMT
TX9D
0000 -010 0000 -010
1111 1111 1111 1111
TRISC7
TRISC6
TRISC5
TRISC4
TRISC3
TRISC2
TRISC1
TRISC0
Legend:
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Port B.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 79
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
EXAMPLE 6-4:
INITIALIZING PORTD
6.5
PORTD and TRISD Registers
PORTD(1) is a 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The
corresponding data direction register is TRISD
(Register 6-13). Setting a TRISD bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORTD pin an input (i.e., put the
corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode).
Clearing a TRISD bit (= 0) will make the corresponding
PORTD pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Example 6-4 shows how to initialize PORTD.
BANKSELPORTD
;
CLRF
BANKSELANSELD
CLRF ANSELD
BANKSELTRISD
PORTD
;Init PORTD
;Make PORTD digital
;
MOVLW
MOVWF
B‘00001100’ ;Set RD<3:2> as inputs
TRISD
;and set RD<7:4,1:0>
;as outputs
6.5.1
ANSELD REGISTER
Reading the PORTD register (Register 6-12) reads the
status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the
PORT latch. All write operations are read-modify-write
operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the
port pins are read, this value is modified and then written
to the PORT data latch.
The ANSELD register (Register 6-9) is used to
configure the Input mode of an I/O pin to analog.
Setting the appropriate ANSELD bit high will cause all
digital reads on the pin to be read as ‘0’ and allow
analog functions on the pin to operate correctly.
The state of the ANSELD bits has no affect on digital
output functions. A pin with TRIS clear and ANSEL set
will still operate as a digital output, but the Input mode
will be analog. This can cause unexpected behavior
when executing read-modify-write instructions on the
affected port.
Note 1: PORTD is available on PIC16F724/LF724
and PIC16F727/LF727 only.
The TRISD register (Register 6-13) controls the
PORTD pin output drivers, even when they are being
used as analog inputs. The user should ensure the bits
in the TRISD register are maintained set when using
them as analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog
input always read ‘0’.
Note:
The ANSELD register must be initialized
to configure an analog channel as a digital
input. Pins configured as analog inputs will
read ‘0’.
REGISTER 6-12: PORTD: PORTD REGISTER(1)
R/W-x
RD7
R/W-x
RD6
R/W-x
RD5
R/W-x
RD4
R/W-x
RD3
R/W-x
RD2
R/W-x
RD1
R/W-x
RD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
RD<7:0>: PORTD General Purpose I/O Pin bits
1= Port pin is > VIH
0= Port pin is < VIL
Note 1: PORTD is not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
DS41341E-page 80
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 6-13: TRISD: PORTD TRI-STATE REGISTER(1)
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
TRISD7
TRISD6
TRISD5
TRISD4
TRISD3
TRISD2
TRISD1
TRISD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
TRISD<7:0>: PORTD Tri-State Control bits
1= PORTD pin configured as an input (tri-stated)
0= PORTD pin configured as an output
Note 1: TRISD is not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
REGISTER 6-14: ANSELD: PORTD ANALOG SELECT REGISTER(2)
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
ANSD7
ANSD6
ANSD5
ANSD4
ANSD3
ANSD2
ANSD1
ANSD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
ANSD<7:0>: Analog Select between Analog or Digital Function on Pins RD<7:0>, respectively
0= Digital I/O. Pin is assigned to port or Digital special function.
1= Analog input. Pin is assigned as analog input(1). Digital Input buffer disabled.
Note 1: When setting a pin to an analog input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set to Input mode in order to
allow external control of the voltage on the pin.
2: ANSELD register is not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726. Read as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 81
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.5.6
RD4/CPS12
Note:
PORTD is available on PIC16F724/LF724
and PIC16F727/LF727 only.
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
6.5.2
RD0/CPS8
• a capacitive sensing input
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
6.5.7
RD5/CPS13
• a general purpose I/O
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a capacitive sensing input
• a general purpose I/O
6.5.3
RD1/CPS9
• a capacitive sensing input
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
6.5.8
RD6/CPS14
• a general purpose I/O
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a capacitive sensing input
• a general purpose I/O
6.5.4
RD2/CPS10
• a capacitive sensing input
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
6.5.9
RD7/CPS15
• a general purpose I/O
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a capacitive sensing input
• a general purpose I/O
6.5.5
RD3/CPS11
• a capacitive sensing input
Figure 6-21 shows the diagram for these pins. They are
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• a capacitive sensing input
FIGURE 6-21:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RD<7:0>
VDD
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTD
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISD
CK
RD
TRISD
ANSD<7:0>
RD
PORTD
To Cap Sensor
Note:
PORTD is available on PIC16F724/LF724 and PIC16F727/LF727 only.
DS41341E-page 82
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 6-4:
Name
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD(1)
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ANSELD
ANSD7 ANSD6 ANSD5 ANSD4
ANSD3
ANSD2
ANSD1
ANSD0 1111 1111 1111 1111
CPSCON0 CPSON
—
—
—
—
—
—
CPSRNG1 CPSRNG0 CPSOUT T0XCS 0--- 0000 0--- 0000
CPSCON1
PORTD
TRISD
—
CPSCH3
RD3
CPSCH2
RD2
CPSCH1 CPSCH0 ---- 0000 ---- 0000
RD7
RD6
RD5
RD4
RD1
RD0
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4
TRISD3
TRISD2
TRISD1
TRISD0 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, – = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.
Note 1: These registers are not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 83
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.6
PORTE and TRISE Registers
PORTE(1) is a 4-bit wide, bidirectional port. The
corresponding data direction register is TRISE. Setting a
TRISE bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTE pin
an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a
High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISE bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTE pin an output (i.e.,
enable the output driver and put the contents of the
output latch on the selected pin). The exception is RE3,
which is input only and its TRIS bit will always read as
‘1’. Example 6-5 shows how to initialize PORTE.
Reading the PORTE register (Register 6-15) reads the
status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the
PORT latch. All write operations are read-modify-write
operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the
port pins are read, this value is modified and then
written to the PORT data latch. RE3 reads ‘0’ when
MCLRE = 1.
Note 1: RE<2:0> and TRISE<2:0> are not
implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/
PIC16LF722/723/726. Read as ‘0’.
The TRISE register (Register 6-16) controls the PORTE
pin output drivers, even when they are being used as
analog inputs. The user should ensure the bits in the
TRISE register are maintained set when using them as
analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog input always
read ‘0’.
Note:
The ANSELE register must be initialized to
configure an analog channel as a digital
input. Pins configured as analog inputs will
read ‘0’.
EXAMPLE 6-5:
INITIALIZING PORTE
BANKSELPORTE
;
CLRF
BANKSELANSELE
CLRF ANSELE
BANKSELTRISE
PORTE
;Init PORTE
;
;digital I/O
;
MOVLW
MOVWF
B‘00001100’ ;Set RE<2> as an input
TRISE
;and set RE<1:0>
;as outputs
DS41341E-page 84
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 6-15: PORTE: PORTE REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R-x
R/W-x
RE2(1)
R/W-x
RE1(1)
R/W-x
RE0(1)
RE3
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-4
bit 3-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
RE<3:0>: PORTE I/O Pin bits(1)
1= Port pin is > VIH
0= Port pin is < VIL
Note 1: RE<2:0> are not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726. Read as ‘0’.
REGISTER 6-16: TRISE: PORTE TRI-STATE REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R-1
R/W-1
TRISE2(1)
R/W-1
TRISE1(1)
R/W-1
TRISE0(1)
TRISE3
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-4
bit 3
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
TRISE3: RE3 Port Tri-state Control bit
This bit is always ‘1’ as RE3 is an input only
bit 2-0
TRISE<2:0>: RE<2:0> Tri-State Control bits(1)
1= PORTE pin configured as an input (tri-stated)
0= PORTE pin configured as an output
Note 1: TRISE<2:0> are not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726. Read as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 85
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 6-17: ANSELE: PORTE ANALOG SELECT REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
ANSE2(2)
R/W-1
ANSE1(2)
R/W-1
ANSE0(2)
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-3
bit 2-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
ANSE<2:0>: Analog Select between Analog or Digital Function on Pins RE<2:0>, respectively
0= Digital I/O. Pin is assigned to port or Digital special function.
1= Analog input. Pin is assigned as analog input(1). Digital Input buffer disabled.
Note 1: When setting a pin to an analog input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set to Input mode in order to
allow external control of the voltage on the pin.
2: ANSELE register is not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726. Read as ‘0’
TABLE 6-5:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ADCON0
ANSELE
PORTE
TRISE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
CHS3
—
CHS2
—
CHS1
—
CHS0
ANSE2
RE2
GO/DONE
ANSE1
RE1
ADON
ANSE0
RE0
--00 0000 --00 0000
---- -111 ---- -111
---- xxxx ---- xxxx
---- 1111 ---- 1111
—
—
RE3
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
—
—
TRISE3
TRISE2
TRISE1
TRISE0
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, – = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTE
Note 1: These registers are not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 devices, read as ‘0’.
2: This bit is always ‘1’ as RE3 is input only.
DS41341E-page 86
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
6.6.1
RE0/AN5(1)
Figure 6-22 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
Note 1: RE0/AN5
is
available
on
PIC16F724/LF724 and PIC16F727/LF727
only.
6.6.2
RE1/AN6(1)
Figure 6-22 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
Note 1: RE1/AN6
is
available
on
PIC16F724/LF724 and PIC16F727/LF727
only.
6.6.3
RE2/AN7(1)
Figure 6-22 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose I/O
• an analog input for the ADC
Note 1: RE2/AN7
is
available
on
PIC16F724/LF724 and PIC16F727/LF727
only.
6.6.4
RE3/MCLR/VPP
Figure 6-23 shows the diagram for this pin. This pin is
configurable to function as one of the following:
• a general purpose input
• as Master Clear Reset with weak pull-up
• a programming voltage reference input
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 87
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 6-22:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RE<2:0>
VDD
Data Bus
D
Q
Q
I/O Pin
WR
CK
PORTE
VSS
D
Q
Q
WR
TRISE
CK
RD
TRISE
ANSE<0:2>
RD
PORTE
To A/D Converter
Note: RE<2:0> are not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726.
FIGURE 6-23:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RE3
VDD
Weak
ICSP™ Mode Detect
In-Circuit Serial Programming™ mode
High-Voltage
Detect
I/O Pin
MCLR Circuit
Data Bus
MCLR
Pulse Filter
VSS
RD
TRISE
VSS
RD
PORTE
Power for Programming Flash
DS41341E-page 88
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Clock source modes are configured by the FOSC bits
in Configuration Word 1 (CONFIG1). The oscillator
module can be configured for one of eight modes of
operation.
7.0
7.1
OSCILLATOR MODULE
Overview
The oscillator module has a wide variety of clock sources
and selection features that allow it to be used in a wide
range of applications while maximizing performance and
minimizing power consumption. Figure 7-1 illustrates a
block diagram of the oscillator module.
1. RC – External Resistor-Capacitor (RC) with
FOSC/4 output on OSC2/CLKOUT.
2. RCIO – External Resistor-Capacitor (RC) with
I/O on OSC2/CLKOUT.
3. INTOSC – Internal oscillator with FOSC/4 output
on OSC2 and I/O on OSC1/CLKIN.
Clock sources can be configured from external
oscillators, quartz crystal resonators, ceramic resonators
and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuits. In addition, the
system can be configured to use an internal calibrated
high-frequency oscillator as clock source, with a choice
of selectable speeds via software.
4. INTOSCIO – Internal oscillator with I/O on
OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT.
5. EC – External clock with I/O on OSC2/CLKOUT.
6. HS – High Gain Crystal or Ceramic Resonator
mode.
7. XT
– Medium Gain Crystal or Ceramic
Resonator Oscillator mode.
8. LP – Low-Power Crystal mode.
FIGURE 7-1:
SIMPLIFIED PIC® MCU CLOCK SOURCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
FOSC<2:0>
(Configuration Word 1)
External Oscillator
OSC2
OSC1
Sleep
LP, XT, HS, RC, EC
System Clock
(CPU and Peripherals)
Internal Oscillator
500 kHz
IRCF<1:0>
(OSCCON Register)
INTOSC
0
1
16 MHz/500 kHz
11
10
01
00
32x
PLL
8 MHz/250 kHz
4 MHz/125 kHz
2 MHz/62.5 kHz
PLLEN
(Configuration Word 1)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 89
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
7.3.2
FREQUENCY SELECT BITS (IRCF)
7.2
Clock Source Modes
The output of the 500 kHz INTOSC and 16 MHz
INTOSC, with Phase Locked Loop enabled, connect to
a postscaler and multiplexer (see Figure 7-1). The
Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits (IRCF) of the
OSCCON register select the frequency output of the
internal oscillator. Depending upon the PLLEN bit, one
of four frequencies of two frequency sets can be
selected via software:
Clock source modes can be classified as external or
internal.
• Internal clock source (INTOSC) is contained
within the oscillator module and derived from a
500 kHz high precision oscillator. The oscillator
module has eight selectable output frequencies,
with a maximum internal frequency of 16 MHz.
• External clock modes rely on external circuitry for
the clock source. Examples are: oscillator mod-
ules (EC mode), quartz crystal resonators or
ceramic resonators (LP, XT and HS modes) and
Resistor-Capacitor (RC) mode circuits.
If PLLEN = 1, frequency selection is as follows:
• 16 MHz
• 8 MHz (Default after Reset)
• 4 MHz
The system clock can be selected between external or
internal clock sources via the FOSC bits of the
Configuration Word 1.
• 2 MHz
If PLLEN = 0, frequency selection is as follows:
• 500 kHz
• 250 kHz (Default after Reset)
• 125 kHz
7.3
Internal Clock Modes
The oscillator module has eight output frequencies
derived from a 500 kHz high precision oscillator. The
IRCF bits of the OSCCON register select the
postscaler applied to the clock source dividing the
frequency by 1, 2, 4 or 8. Setting the PLLEN bit of the
Configuration Word 1 locks the internal clock source to
16 MHz before the postscaler is selected by the IRCF
bits. The PLLEN bit must be set or cleared at the time
of programming; therefore, only the upper or low four
clock source frequencies are selectable in software.
• 62.5 kHz
Note:
Following any Reset, the IRCF<1:0> bits of
the OSCCON register are set to ‘10’ and
the frequency selection is set to 8 MHz or
250 kHz. The user can modify the IRCF
bits to select a different frequency.
There is no start-up delay before a new frequency
selected in the IRCF bits takes effect. This is because
the old and new frequencies are derived from INTOSC
via the postscaler and multiplexer.
7.3.1
INTOSC AND INTOSCIO MODES
Start-up delay specifications are located in the
The INTOSC and INTOSCIO modes configure the
internal oscillators as the system clock source when
the device is programmed using the oscillator selection
or the FOSC<2:0> bits in the CONFIG1 register. See
Section 8.0 “Device Configuration” for more
information.
Table 23-2
in
Section 23.0
“Electrical
Specifications”.
In INTOSC mode, OSC1/CLKIN is available for general
purpose I/O. OSC2/CLKOUT outputs the selected
internal oscillator frequency divided by 4. The CLKOUT
signal may be used to provide a clock for external
circuitry, synchronization, calibration, test or other
application requirements.
In
INTOSCIO
mode,
OSC1/CLKIN
and
OSC2/CLKOUT are available for general purpose I/O.
DS41341E-page 90
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
7.4
Oscillator Control
The Oscillator Control (OSCCON) register (Figure 7-1)
displays the status and allows frequency selection of the
internal oscillator (INTOSC) system clock. The
OSCCON register contains the following bits:
• Frequency selection bits (IRCF)
• Status Locked bits (ICSL)
• Status Stable bits (ICSS)
REGISTER 7-1:
OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
IRCF1
R/W-0
IRCF0
R-q
R-q
U-0
—
U-0
—
ICSL
ICSS
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
q = Value depends on condition
bit 7-6
bit 5-4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
IRCF<1:0>: Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits
When PLLEN = 1 (16 MHz INTOSC)
11= 16 MHz
10= 8 MHz (POR value)
01= 4 MHz
00= 2 MHz
When PLLEN = 0 (500 kHz INTOSC)
11= 500 kHz
10= 250 kHz (POR value)
01= 125 kHz
00= 62.5 kHz
bit 3
ICSL: Internal Clock Oscillator Status Locked bit (2% Stable)
1= 16 MHz/500 kHz Internal Oscillator (HFIOSC) is in lock.
0= 16 MHz/500 kHz Internal Oscillator (HFIOSC) has not yet locked.
bit 2
ICSS: Internal Clock Oscillator Status Stable bit (0.5% Stable)
1= 16 MHz/500 kHz Internal Oscillator (HFIOSC) has stabilized to its maximum accuracy
0= 16 MHz/500 kHz Internal Oscillator (HFIOSC) has not yet reached its maximum accuracy
bit 1-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 91
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the INTOSC
frequency will begin shifting to the new frequency. Code
execution continues during this shift. There is no
indication that the shift has occurred.
7.5
Oscillator Tuning
The INTOSC is factory calibrated but can be adjusted
in software by writing to the OSCTUNE register
(Register 7-2).
The default value of the OSCTUNE register is ‘0’. The
value is a 6-bit two’s complement number.
REGISTER 7-2:
OSCTUNE: OSCILLATOR TUNING REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
TUN5
R/W-0
TUN4
R/W-0
TUN3
R/W-0
TUN2
R/W-0
TUN1
R/W-0
TUN0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
TUN<5:0>: Frequency Tuning bits
01 1111= Maximum frequency
01 1110=
•
•
•
00 0001=
00 0000= Oscillator module is running at the factory-calibrated frequency.
11 1111=
•
•
•
10 0000= Minimum frequency
DS41341E-page 92
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
XT Oscillator mode selects the intermediate gain
setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. XT mode
current consumption is the medium of the three modes.
This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a
medium drive level specification.
7.6
External Clock Modes
7.6.1 OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER
(OST)
If the oscillator module is configured for LP, XT or HS
modes, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) counts
1024 oscillations on the OSC1 pin before the device is
released from Reset. This occurs following a Power-on
Reset (POR) and when the Power-up Timer (PWRT)
has expired (if configured), or a wake-up from Sleep.
During this time, the program counter does not
increment and program execution is suspended. The
OST ensures that the oscillator circuit, using a quartz
crystal resonator or ceramic resonator, has started and
is providing a stable system clock to the oscillator
module.
HS Oscillator mode selects the highest gain setting of the
internal inverter-amplifier. HS mode current consumption
is the highest of the three modes. This mode is best
suited for resonators that require a high drive setting.
Figure 7-3 and Figure 7-4 show typical circuits for
quartz crystal and ceramic resonators, respectively.
FIGURE 7-3:
QUARTZ CRYSTAL
OPERATION (LP, XT OR
HS MODE)
PIC® MCU
7.6.2
EC MODE
The External Clock (EC) mode allows an externally
generated logic level as the system clock source. When
operating in this mode, an external clock source is
connected to the OSC1 input and the OSC2 is available
for general purpose I/O. Figure 7-2 shows the pin
connections for EC mode.
OSC1/CLKIN
C1
To Internal
Logic
Quartz
Crystal
(2)
Sleep
RF
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is disabled when
EC mode is selected. Therefore, there is no delay in
operation after a Power-on Reset (POR) or wake-up
from Sleep. Because the PIC® MCU design is fully
static, stopping the external clock input will have the
effect of halting the device while leaving all data intact.
Upon restarting the external clock, the device will
resume operation as if no time had elapsed.
OSC2/CLKOUT
(1)
C2
RS
Note 1: A series resistor (RS) may be required for
quartz crystals with low drive level.
2: The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode
selected.
Note 1: Quartz crystal characteristics vary according
to type, package and manufacturer. The
user should consult the manufacturer data
sheets for specifications and recommended
application.
FIGURE 7-2:
EXTERNAL CLOCK (EC)
MODE OPERATION
OSC1/CLKIN
Clock from
Ext. System
PIC® MCU
2: Always verify oscillator performance over
the VDD and temperature range that is
expected for the application.
(1)
I/O
OSC2/CLKOUT
3: For oscillator design assistance, reference
the following Microchip Applications Notes:
Note 1: Alternate pin functions are described in
Section 6.1 “Alternate Pin Function”.
• AN826, “Crystal Oscillator Basics and
Crystal Selection for rfPIC® and PIC®
Devices” (DS00826)
7.6.3
LP, XT, HS MODES
• AN849, “Basic PIC® Oscillator Design”
(DS00849)
• AN943, “Practical PIC® Oscillator
Analysis and Design” (DS00943)
The LP, XT and HS modes support the use of quartz
crystal resonators or ceramic resonators connected to
OSC1 and OSC2 (Figure 7-3). The mode selects a low,
medium or high gain setting of the internal
inverter-amplifier to support various resonator types
and speed.
• AN949, “Making Your Oscillator Work”
(DS00949)
LP Oscillator mode selects the lowest gain setting of the
internal inverter-amplifier. LP mode current consumption
is the least of the three modes. This mode is best suited
to drive resonators with a low drive level specification, for
example, tuning fork type crystals.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 93
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 7-4:
CERAMIC RESONATOR
OPERATION
FIGURE 7-5:
EXTERNAL RC MODES
(XT OR HS MODE)
VDD
PIC® MCU
PIC® MCU
REXT
OSC1/CLKIN
Internal
Clock
OSC1/CLKIN
CEXT
VSS
C1
To Internal
Logic
(3)
(2)
RP
RF
Sleep
(1)
FOSC/4 or
I/O
OSC2/CLKOUT
(2)
OSC2/CLKOUT
(1)
C2
RS
Ceramic
Resonator
Recommended values: 10 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ, <3V
3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ, 3-5V
CEXT > 20 pF, 2-5V
Note 1: A series resistor (RS) may be required for
Note 1: Alternate pin functions are described in
Section 6.1 “Alternate Pin Function”.
ceramic resonators with low drive level.
2: The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode
2: Output depends upon RC or RCIO clock mode.
selected.
3: An additional parallel feedback resistor (RP)
may be required for proper ceramic resonator
operation.
In RCIO mode, the RC circuit is connected to OSC1.
OSC2 becomes an additional general purpose I/O pin.
The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply
voltage, the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values
and the operating temperature. Other factors affecting
the oscillator frequency are:
7.6.4
EXTERNAL RC MODES
The external Resistor-Capacitor (RC) modes support
the use of an external RC circuit. This allows the
designer maximum flexibility in frequency choice while
keeping costs to a minimum when clock accuracy is not
required. There are two modes: RC and RCIO.
• threshold voltage variation
• component tolerances
• packaging variations in capacitance
The user also needs to take into account variation due
to tolerance of external RC components used.
In RC mode, the RC circuit connects to OSC1.
OSC2/CLKOUT outputs the RC oscillator frequency
divided by 4. This signal may be used to provide a clock
for external circuitry, synchronization, calibration, test
or other application requirements. Figure 7-5 shows
the external RC mode connections.
TABLE 7-1:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOCK SOURCES
Value on
Value on
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
all other
POR, BOR
(1)
Resets
(1)
CONFIG1
—
—
—
CP
—
MCLRE PWRTE
WDTE
ICSL
FOSC2
ICSS
FOSC1
—
FOSC0
—
—
—
OSCCON
IRCF1
TUN5
IRCF0
TUN4
--10 qq-- --10 qq--
--00 0000 --uu uuuu
OSCTUNE
—
TUN3
TUN2
TUN1
TUN0
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, –= unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by oscillators.
Note 1: See Configuration Word 1 (Register 8-1) for operation of all bits.
DS41341E-page 94
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
8.1
Configuration Words
8.0
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
There are several Configuration Word bits that allow
different oscillator and memory protection options.
These are implemented as Configuration Word 1
register at 2007h and Configuration Word 2 register at
2008h. These registers are only accessible during
programming.
Device Configuration consists of Configuration Word 1
and Configuration Word 2 registers, Code Protection
and Device ID.
REGISTER 8-1:
CONFIG1: CONFIGURATION WORD REGISTER 1
(4)
R/P-1
R/P-1
U-1
—
R/P-1
R/P-1
R/P-1
—
—
DEBUG
PLLEN
BORV
BOREN1
BOREN0
bit 15
bit 8
(4)
U-1
R/P-1
CP
R/P-1
R/P-1
R/P-1
R/P-1
R/P-1
R/P-1
—
MCLRE
PWRTE
WDTE
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
P = Programmable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 13
bit 12
DEBUG: In-Circuit Debugger Mode bit
1= In-Circuit Debugger disabled, RB6/ICSPCLK and RB7/ICSPDAT are general purpose I/O pins
0= In-Circuit Debugger enabled, RB6/ICSPCLK and RB7/ICSPDAT are dedicated to the debugger
PLLEN: INTOSC PLL Enable bit
0= INTOSC Frequency is 500 kHz
1= INTOSC Frequency is 16 MHz (32x)
bit 11
bit 10
Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’
BORV: Brown-out Reset Voltage selection bit
0= Brown-out Reset Voltage (VBOR) set to 2.5 V nominal
1= Brown-out Reset Voltage (VBOR) set to 1.9 V nominal
(1)
bit 9-8
BOREN<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Selection bits
0x= BOR disabled (Preconditioned State)
10= BOR enabled during operation and disabled in Sleep
11= BOR enabled
bit 7
bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’
(2)
CP: Code Protection bit
1= Program memory code protection is disabled
0= Program memory code protection is enabled
(3)
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
MCLRE: RE3/MCLR pin function select bit
1= RE3/MCLR pin function is MCLR
0= RE3/MCLR pin function is digital input, MCLR internally tied to VDD
PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit
1= PWRT disabled
0= PWRT enabled
WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit
1= WDT enabled
0= WDT disabled
Note 1: Enabling Brown-out Reset does not automatically enable Power-up Timer.
2: The entire program memory will be erased when the code protection is turned off.
3: When MCLR is asserted in INTOSC or RC mode, the internal clock oscillator is disabled.
®
4: MPLAB IDE masks unimplemented Configuration bits to ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 95
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 8-1:
CONFIG1: CONFIGURATION WORD REGISTER 1 (CONTINUED)
bit 2-0
FOSC<2:0>: Oscillator Selection bits
111= RC oscillator: CLKOUT function on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, RC on RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
110= RCIO oscillator: I/O function on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, RC on RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
101= INTOSC oscillator: CLKOUT function on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
100= INTOSCIO oscillator: I/O function on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
011= EC: I/O function on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, CLKIN on RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
010= HS oscillator: High-speed crystal/resonator on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT and RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
001= XT oscillator: Crystal/resonator on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT and RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
000= LP oscillator: Low-power crystal on RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT and RA7/OSC1/CLKIN
Note 1: Enabling Brown-out Reset does not automatically enable Power-up Timer.
2: The entire program memory will be erased when the code protection is turned off.
3: When MCLR is asserted in INTOSC or RC mode, the internal clock oscillator is disabled.
®
4: MPLAB IDE masks unimplemented Configuration bits to ‘0’.
REGISTER 8-2:
CONFIG2: CONFIGURATION WORD REGISTER 2
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
—
—
bit 15
bit 8
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
R/P-1
R/P-1
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
U-1(1)
—
VCAPEN1
VCAPEN0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
P = Programmable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 13-6
bit 5-4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’
VCAPEN<1:0>: Voltage Regulator Capacitor Enable bits
For the PIC16LF72X:
These bits are ignored. All VCAP pin functions are disabled.
For the PIC16F72X:
00= VCAP functionality is enabled on RA0
01= VCAP functionality is enabled on RA5
10= VCAP functionality is enabled on RA6
11= All VCAP functions are disabled (not recommended)
bit 3-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’
Note 1: MPLAB® IDE masks unimplemented Configuration bits to ‘0’.
DS41341E-page 96
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
8.2
Code Protection
If the code protection bit(s) have not been
programmed, the on-chip program memory can be
read out using ICSP™ for verification purposes.
Note:
The entire Flash program memory will be
erased when the code protection is turned
off. See the “PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Memory Programming Specification”
(DS41332) for more information.
8.3
User ID
Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated
as ID locations where the user can store checksum or
other code identification numbers. These locations are
not accessible during normal execution, but are read-
able and writable during Program/Verify mode. Only
the Least Significant 7 bits of the ID locations are
reported when using MPLAB IDE. See the
“PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X Memory Programming
Specification” (DS41332) for more information.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 97
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 98
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
9.0
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (ADC) MODULE
The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) allows
conversion of an analog input signal to a 8-bit binary
representation of that signal. This device uses analog
inputs, which are multiplexed into a single sample and
hold circuit. The output of the sample and hold is
connected to the input of the converter. The converter
generates
a 8-bit binary result via successive
approximation and stores the conversion result into the
ADC result register (ADRES). Figure 9-1 shows the
block diagram of the ADC.
The ADC voltage reference is software selectable to be
either internally generated or externally supplied.
The ADC can generate an interrupt upon completion of
a conversion. This interrupt can be used to wake-up the
device from Sleep.
FIGURE 9-1:
ADC BLOCK DIAGRAM
AVDD
ADREF = 0x
ADREF = 11
VREF+
ADREF = 10
0000
AN0
AN1
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
AN2
AN3
AN4
AN5
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
AN6
AN7
ADC
AN8
8
GO/DONE
ADON
AN9
AN10
AN11
AN12
AN13
Reserved
FVREF
ADRES
VSS
CHS<3:0>
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 99
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
For correct conversion, the appropriate TAD specifica-
tion must be met. Refer to the A/D conversion require-
ments in Section 23.0 “Electrical Specifications” for
more information. Table 9-1 gives examples of appro-
priate ADC clock selections.
9.1
ADC Configuration
When configuring and using the ADC the following
functions must be considered:
• Port configuration
• Channel selection
Note:
Unless using the FRC, any changes in the
system clock frequency will change the
ADC clock frequency, which may
adversely affect the ADC result.
• ADC voltage reference selection
• ADC conversion clock source
• Interrupt control
• Results formatting
9.1.1
PORT CONFIGURATION
The ADC can be used to convert both analog and
digital signals. When converting analog signals, the I/O
pin should be configured for analog by setting the
associated TRIS and ANSEL bits. Refer to Section 6.0
“I/O Ports” for more information.
Note:
Analog voltages on any pin that is defined
as a digital input may cause the input
buffer to conduct excess current.
9.1.2
CHANNEL SELECTION
The CHS bits of the ADCON0 register determine which
channel is connected to the sample and hold circuit.
When changing channels, a delay is required before
starting the next conversion. Refer to Section 9.2
“ADC Operation” for more information.
9.1.3
ADC VOLTAGE REFERENCE
The ADREF bits of the ADCON1 register provides
control of the positive voltage reference. The positive
voltage reference can be either VDD, an external
voltage source or the internal Fixed Voltage Reference.
The negative voltage reference is always connected to
the ground reference. See Section 10.0 “Fixed
Voltage Reference” for more details on the Fixed
Voltage Reference.
9.1.4
CONVERSION CLOCK
The source of the conversion clock is software select-
able via the ADCS bits of the ADCON1 register. There
are seven possible clock options:
• FOSC/2
• FOSC/4
• FOSC/8
• FOSC/16
• FOSC/32
• FOSC/64
• FRC (dedicated internal oscillator)
The time to complete one bit conversion is defined as
TAD. One full 8-bit conversion requires 10 TAD periods
as shown in Figure 9-2.
DS41341E-page 100
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 9-1:
ADC CLOCK PERIOD (TAD) VS. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES
ADC Clock Period (TAD)
Device Frequency (FOSC)
ADC
Clock Source
ADCS<2:0>
20 MHz
16 MHz
8 MHz
4 MHz
1 MHz
Fosc/2
Fosc/4
Fosc/8
Fosc/16
Fosc/32
Fosc/64
FRC
000
100
001
101
010
110
x11
100 ns(2)
200 ns(2)
400 ns(2)
800 ns
125 ns(2)
250 ns(2)
0.5 μs(2)
1.0 μs
250 ns(2)
500 ns(2)
1.0 μs
500 ns(2)
1.0 μs
2.0 μs
4.0 μs
8.0 μs(3)
16.0 μs(3)
32.0 μs(3)
64.0 μs(3)
2.0 μs
2.0 μs
4.0 μs
1.6 μs
2.0 μs
4.0 μs
8.0 μs(3)
8.0 μs(3)
16.0 μs(3)
3.2 μs
4.0 μs
1.0-6.0 μs(1,4) 1.0-6.0 μs(1,4) 1.0-6.0 μs(1,4) 1.0-6.0 μs(1,4) 1.0-6.0 μs(1,4)
Legend: Shaded cells are outside of recommended range.
Note 1: The FRC source has a typical TAD time of 1.6 μs for VDD.
2: These values violate the minimum required TAD time.
3: For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended.
4: When the device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the FRC clock source is only recommended if the
conversion will be performed during Sleep.
FIGURE 9-2:
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION TAD CYCLES
Tcy to TAD
TAD0
TAD1
TAD2
b7
TAD3
b6
TAD4
TAD5
b4
TAD6
b3
TAD7
TAD8
TAD9
b5
b2
b1
b0
Conversion Starts
Holding Capacitor is Disconnected from Analog Input (typically 100 ns)
Set GO/DONE bit
ADRES register is loaded,
GO/DONE bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set,
Holding capacitor is connected to analog input
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 101
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
9.1.5
INTERRUPTS
9.2.3
TERMINATING A CONVERSION
The ADC module allows for the ability to generate an
interrupt upon completion of an Analog-to-Digital
conversion. The ADC interrupt flag is the ADIF bit in the
PIR1 register. The ADC interrupt enable is the ADIE bit
in the PIE1 register. The ADIF bit must be cleared in
software.
If a conversion must be terminated before completion,
the GO/DONE bit can be cleared in software. The
ADRES register will be updated with the partially com-
plete Analog-to-Digital conversion sample. Incomplete
bits will match the last bit converted.
Note:
A device Reset forces all registers to their
Reset state. Thus, the ADC module is
turned off and any pending conversion is
terminated.
Note 1: The ADIF bit is set at the completion of
every conversion, regardless of whether
or not the ADC interrupt is enabled.
2: The ADC operates during Sleep only
9.2.4
ADC OPERATION DURING SLEEP
when the FRC oscillator is selected.
The ADC module can operate during Sleep. This
requires the ADC clock source to be set to the FRC
option. When the FRC clock source is selected, the
ADC waits one additional instruction before starting the
conversion. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be
executed, which can reduce system noise during the
conversion. If the ADC interrupt is enabled, the device
will wake-up from Sleep when the conversion
completes. If the ADC interrupt is disabled, the ADC
module is turned off after the conversion completes,
although the ADON bit remains set.
This interrupt can be generated while the device is
operating or while in Sleep. If the device is in Sleep, the
interrupt will wake-up the device. Upon waking from
Sleep, the next instruction following the SLEEPinstruc-
tion is always executed. If the user is attempting to
wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execu-
tion, the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register
must be disabled. If the GIE and PEIE bits of the INT-
CON register are enabled, execution will switch to the
Interrupt Service Routine.
Please refer to Section 9.1.5 “Interrupts” for more
information.
When the ADC clock source is something other than
FRC, a SLEEP instruction causes the present conver-
sion to be aborted and the ADC module is turned off,
although the ADON bit remains set.
9.2
ADC Operation
9.2.1
STARTING A CONVERSION
9.2.5
SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
To enable the ADC module, the ADON bit of the
ADCON0 register must be set to a ‘1’. Setting the GO/
DONE bit of the ADCON0 register to a ‘1’ will start the
Analog-to-Digital conversion.
The Special Event Trigger of the CCP module allows
periodic ADC measurements without software inter-
vention. When this trigger occurs, the GO/DONE bit is
set by hardware and the Timer1 counter resets to zero.
Note:
The GO/DONE bit should not be set in the
same instruction that turns on the ADC.
Refer to Section 9.2.6 “A/D Conversion
Procedure”.
Using the Special Event Trigger does not assure proper
ADC timing. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that
the ADC timing requirements are met.
Refer to Section 15.0 “Capture/Compare/PWM
(CCP) Module” for more information.
9.2.2
COMPLETION OF A CONVERSION
When the conversion is complete, the ADC module will:
• Clear the GO/DONE bit
• Set the ADIF Interrupt Flag bit
• Update the ADRES register with new conversion
result
DS41341E-page 102
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
9.2.6
A/D CONVERSION PROCEDURE
EXAMPLE 9-1:
A/D CONVERSION
This is an example procedure for using the ADC to
perform an Analog-to-Digital conversion:
;This code block configures the ADC
;for polling, Vdd reference, Frc clock
;and AN0 input.
;
1. Configure Port:
• Disable pin output driver (Refer to the TRIS
register)
;Conversion start & polling for completion
; are included.
;
• Configure pin as analog (Refer to the ANSEL
register)
BANKSEL
MOVLW
ADCON1
;
B’01110000’;ADC Frc clock,
;VDD reference
2. Configure the ADC module:
• Select ADC conversion clock
• Configure voltage reference
• Select ADC input channel
• Turn on ADC module
MOVWF
BANKSEL
BSF
BANKSEL
BSF
BANKSEL
MOVLW
MOVWF
CALL
BSF
BTFSC
GOTO
BANKSEL
MOVF
MOVWF
ADCON1
TRISA
TRISA,0
ANSELA
ANSELA,0
ADCON0
B’00000001’;AN0, On
ADCON0
SampleTime ;Acquisiton delay
ADCON0,GO ;Start conversion
ADCON0,GO ;Is conversion done?
;
;
;Set RA0 to input
;
;Set RA0 to analog
;
3. Configure ADC interrupt (optional):
• Clear ADC interrupt flag
;
• Enable ADC interrupt
• Enable peripheral interrupt
• Enable global interrupt(1)
$-1
;No, test again
;
;Read result
;store in GPR space
4. Wait the required acquisition time(2)
.
ADRES
ADRES,W
RESULT
5. Start conversion by setting the GO/DONE bit.
6. Wait for ADC conversion to complete by one of
the following:
• Polling the GO/DONE bit
• Waiting for the ADC interrupt (interrupts
enabled)
7. Read ADC Result.
8. Clear the ADC interrupt flag (required if interrupt
is enabled).
Note 1: The global interrupt can be disabled if the
user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep
and resume in-line code execution.
2: Refer to Section 9.3 “A/D Acquisition
Requirements”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 103
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
9.2.7
ADC REGISTER DEFINITIONS
The following registers are used to control the
operation of the ADC.
REGISTER 9-1:
ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
CHS3
R/W-0
CHS2
R/W-0
CHS1
R/W-0
CHS0
R/W-0
R/W-0
ADON
GO/DONE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-2
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
CHS<3:0>: Analog Channel Select bits
0000= AN0
0001= AN1
0010= AN2
0011= AN3
0100= AN4
0101= AN5
0110= AN6
0111= AN7
1000= AN8
1001= AN9
1010= AN10
1011= AN11
1100= AN12
1101= AN13
1110= Reserved
1111= Fixed Voltage Reference (FVREF)
bit 1
bit 0
GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit
1= A/D conversion cycle in progress. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion cycle.
This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion has completed.
0= A/D conversion completed/not in progress
ADON: ADC Enable bit
1= ADC is enabled
0= ADC is disabled and consumes no operating current
DS41341E-page 104
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 9-2:
ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0
—
R/W-0
ADCS2
R/W-0
ADCS1
R/W-0
ADCS0
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
ADREF1
ADREF0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-4
ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits
000=FOSC/2
001=FOSC/8
010=FOSC/32
011=FRC (clock supplied from a dedicated RC oscillator)
100=FOSC/4
101=FOSC/16
110=FOSC/64
111=FRC (clock supplied from a dedicated RC oscillator)
bit 3-2
bit 1-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
ADREF<1:0>: Voltage Reference Configuration bits
0x= VREF is connected to VDD
10= VREF is connected to external VREF (RA3/AN3)
11= VREF is connected to internal Fixed Voltage Reference
REGISTER 9-3:
R/W-x
ADRES: ADC RESULT REGISTER
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
ADRES7
bit 7
ADRES6
ADRES5
ADRES4
ADRES3
ADRES2
ADRES1
ADRES0
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7-0
ADRES<7:0>: ADC Result Register bits
8-bit conversion result.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 105
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
impedance is decreased, the acquisition time may be
decreased. After the analog input channel is selected
(or changed), an A/D acquisition must be done before
the conversion can be started. To calculate the mini-
mum acquisition time, Equation 9-1 may be used. This
equation assumes that 1/2 LSb error is used (256 steps
for the ADC). The 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error
allowed for the ADC to meet its specified resolution.
9.3
A/D Acquisition Requirements
For the ADC to meet its specified accuracy, the charge
holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed to fully
charge to the input channel voltage level. The Analog
Input model is shown in Figure 9-3. The source imped-
ance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS)
impedance directly affect the time required to charge
the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS)
impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD), refer
to Figure 9-3. The maximum recommended imped-
ance for analog sources is 10 kΩ. As the source
EQUATION 9-1:
ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE
Temperature = 50°C and external impedance of 10kΩ 5.0V VDD
Assumptions:
TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time + Hold Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient
= TAMP + TC + TCOFF
= 2µs + TC + [(Temperature - 25°C)(0.05µs/°C)]
The value for TC can be approximated with the following equations:
1
⎛
⎞
;[1] VCHOLD charged to within 1/2 lsb
VAPPLIED 1 – -------------------------- = VCHOLD
(2n + 1) – 1
⎝
⎠
–TC
---------
⎛
⎞
VAPPLIED 1 – e RC = VCHOLD
⎜
⎝
⎟
⎠
;[2] VCHOLD charge response to VAPPLIED
;combining [1] and [2]
–Tc
--------
⎛
⎞
1
VAPPLIED 1 – eRC = VAPPLIED 1 – --------------------------
⎛
⎞
⎠
⎜
⎝
⎟
⎠
(2n + 1) – 1
⎝
Note: Where n = number of bits of the ADC.
Solving for TC:
TC = –CHOLD(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/511)
= –10pF(1kΩ + 7kΩ + 10kΩ) ln(0.001957)
= 1.12µs
Therefore:
TACQ = 2ΜS + 1.12ΜS + [(50°C- 25°C)(0.05ΜS/°C)]
= 4.42ΜS
Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation, since it cancels itself out.
2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is not discharged after each conversion.
3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 kΩ. This is required to meet the pin
leakage specification.
DS41341E-page 106
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 9-3:
ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD
Sampling
Switch
VT ≈ 0.6V
ANx
SS
RIC ≤ 1k
Rss
Rs
(1)
CPIN
5 pF
VA
I LEAKAGE
CHOLD = 10 pF
VSS/VREF-
VT ≈ 0.6V
6V
5V
RSS
VDD 4V
3V
Legend:
CHOLD
CPIN
= Sample/Hold Capacitance
= Input Capacitance
2V
I LEAKAGE = Leakage current at the pin due to
various junctions
5 6 7 8 9 1011
Sampling Switch
RIC
RSS
SS
VT
= Interconnect Resistance
= Resistance of Sampling Switch
= Sampling Switch
(kΩ)
= Threshold Voltage
Note 1: Refer to Section 23.0 “Electrical Specifications”.
FIGURE 9-4:
ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION
Full-Scale Range
FFh
FEh
FDh
FCh
FBh
1 LSB ideal
Full-Scale
Transition
04h
03h
02h
01h
00h
Analog Input Voltage
1 LSB ideal
Zero-Scale
Transition
VREF
VSS
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 107
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 9-2:
SUMMARY OF ASSOCIATED ADC REGISTERS
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ADCON0
ADCON1
ANSELA
ANSELB
ANSELE
ADRES
—
—
—
—
—
—
ADCS2
—
CHS3
ADCS1
ANSA5
ANSB5
—
CHS2
ADCS0
ANSA4
ANSB4
—
CHS1
—
CHS0
—
GO/DONE
ADREF1
ANSA1
ADON
ADREF0
ANSA0
ANSB0
ANSE0
--00 0000
-000 --00
--11 1111
--11 1111
---- -111
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
q0-- --00
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
---- 1111
--00 0000
-000 --00
--11 1111
--11 1111
---- -111
uuuu uuuu
--00 0000
q0-- --00
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
---- 1111
ANSA3
ANSB3
—
ANSA2
ANSB2
ANSE2
—
ANSB1
—
ANSE1
A/D Result Register Byte
CCP2CON
—
—
DC2B1
—
DC2B0
—
CCP2M3
—
CCP2M2
—
CCP2M1
ADFVR1
INTF
CCP2M0
ADFVR0
RBIF
FVRCON
INTCON
PIE1
FVRRDY
GIE
FVREN
PEIE
T0IE
INTE
TXIE
TXIF
TRISA4
TRISB4
—
RBIE
T0IF
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
TRISA7
TRISB7
—
ADIE
ADIF
RCIE
RCIF
TRISA5
TRISB5
—
SSPIE
SSPIF
TRISA3
TRISB3
TRISE3
CCP1IE
CCP1IF
TRISA2
TRISB2
TRISE2
TMR2IE
TMR2IF
TRISA1
TRISB1
TRISE1
TMR1IE
TMR1IF
TRISA0
TRISB0
TRISE0
PIR1
TRISA
TRISB
TRISE
Legend:
TRISA6
TRISB6
—
x= unknown, u= unchanged, —= unimplemented read as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition. Shaded cells are not used for ADC
module.
DS41341E-page 108
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
10.0 FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE
This device contains an internal voltage regulator. To
provide a reference for the regulator, a band gap refer-
ence is provided. This band gap is also user accessible
via an A/D converter channel.
User level band gap functions are controlled by the
FVRCON register, which is shown in Register 10-1.
REGISTER 10-1: FVRCON: FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE REGISTER
R-q
R/W-0
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
FVRRDY
FVREN
ADFVR1
ADFVR0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
q = Value depends on condition
bit 7
bit 6
FVRRDY(1): Fixed Voltage Reference Ready Flag bit
0= Fixed Voltage Reference output is not active or stable
1= Fixed Voltage Reference output is ready for use
FVREN(2): Fixed Voltage Reference Enable bit
0= Fixed Voltage Reference is disabled
1= Fixed Voltage Reference is enabled
bit 5-2
bit 1-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
ADFVR<1:0>: A/D Converter Fixed Voltage Reference Selection bits
00= A/D Converter Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is off.
01= A/D Converter Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is 1x (1.024V)
10= A/D Converter Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is 2x (2.048V)(2)
11= A/D Converter Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is 4x (4.096V)(2)
Note 1: FVRRDY is always ‘1’ for the PIC16F72X devices.
2: Fixed Voltage Reference output cannot exceed VDD.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 109
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 110
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
When TMR0 is written, the increment is inhibited for
two instruction cycles immediately following the write.
11.0 TIMER0 MODULE
The Timer0 module is an 8-bit timer/counter with the
following features:
Note:
The value written to the TMR0 register can
be adjusted, in order to account for the two
instruction cycle delay when TMR0 is
written.
• 8-bit timer/counter register (TMR0)
• 8-bit prescaler (shared with Watchdog Timer)
• Programmable internal or external clock source
• Programmable external clock edge selection
• Interrupt on overflow
11.1.2
8-BIT COUNTER MODE
In 8-Bit Counter mode, the Timer0 module will
increment on every rising or falling edge of the T0CKI
pin or the Capacitive Sensing Oscillator (CPSOSC)
signal.
• TMR0 can be used to gate Timer1
Figure 11-1 is a block diagram of the Timer0 module.
8-Bit Counter Mode using the T0CKI pin is selected by
setting the T0CS bit in the OPTION register to ‘1’ and
resetting the T0XCS bit in the CPSCON0 register to ‘0’.
11.1 Timer0 Operation
The Timer0 module can be used as either an 8-bit timer
or an 8-bit counter.
8-Bit Counter Mode using the Capacitive Sensing
Oscillator (CPSOSC) signal is selected by setting the
T0CS bit in the OPTION register to ‘1’ and setting the
T0XCS bit in the CPSCON0 register to ‘1’.
11.1.1
8-BIT TIMER MODE
The Timer0 module will increment every instruction
cycle, if used without a prescaler. 8-Bit Timer mode is
selected by clearing the T0CS bit of the OPTION
register.
The rising or falling transition of the incrementing edge
for either input source is determined by the T0SE bit in
the OPTION register.
FIGURE 11-1:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
FOSC/4
Data Bus
T0XCS
0
1
8
T0CKI
1
Sync
0
1
TMR0
2 TCY
0
Set Flag bit T0IF
on Overflow
Cap. Sensing
Oscillator
0
1
T0CS
T0SE
8-bit
Prescaler
PSA
Overflow to Timer1
T1GSS = 11
TMR1GE
PSA
8
WDTE
Low-Power
WDT OSC
PS<2:0>
1
WDT
Time-out
Divide by
512
0
PSA
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 111
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
11.1.3
SOFTWARE PROGRAMMABLE
PRESCALER
A single software programmable prescaler is available
for use with either Timer0 or the Watchdog Timer
(WDT), but not both simultaneously. The prescaler
assignment is controlled by the PSA bit of the OPTION
register. To assign the prescaler to Timer0, the PSA bit
must be cleared to a ‘0’.
There are 8 prescaler options for the Timer0 module
ranging from 1:2 to 1:256. The prescale values are
selectable via the PS<2:0> bits of the OPTION register.
In order to have a 1:1 prescaler value for the Timer0
module, the prescaler must be assigned to the WDT
module.
The prescaler is not readable or writable. When
assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to
the TMR0 register will clear the prescaler.
Note:
When the prescaler is assigned to WDT, a
CLRWDTinstruction will clear the prescaler
along with the WDT.
11.1.4
TIMER0 INTERRUPT
Timer0 will generate an interrupt when the TMR0
register overflows from FFh to 00h. The T0IF interrupt
flag bit of the INTCON register is set every time the
TMR0 register overflows, regardless of whether or not
the Timer0 interrupt is enabled. The T0IF bit can only
be cleared in software. The Timer0 interrupt enable is
the T0IE bit of the INTCON register.
Note:
The Timer0 interrupt cannot wake the
processor from Sleep since the timer is
frozen during Sleep.
11.1.5
8-BIT COUNTER MODE
SYNCHRONIZATION
When in 8-Bit Counter Mode, the incrementing edge on
the T0CKI pin must be synchronized to the instruction
clock. Synchronization can be accomplished by
sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles
of the instruction clock. The high and low periods of the
external clocking source must meet the timing
requirements as shown in Section 23.0 “Electrical
Specifications”.
DS41341E-page 112
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 11-1: OPTION_REG: OPTION REGISTER
R/W-1
RBPU
R/W-1
R/W-1
T0CS
R/W-1
T0SE
R/W-1
PSA
R/W-1
PS2
R/W-1
PS1
R/W-1
PS0
INTEDG
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1= PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0= PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values
INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
1= Interrupt on rising edge of INT pin
0= Interrupt on falling edge of INT pin
T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
1= Transition on T0CKI pin or CPSOSC signal
0= Internal instruction cycle clock (FOSC/4)
T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
1= Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0= Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin
PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
1= Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0= Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits
BIT VALUE TMR0 RATE
WDT RATE
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
1 : 2
1 : 1
1 : 4
1 : 2
1 : 8
1 : 4
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
TABLE 11-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
CPSCON0
INTCON
OPTION_REG
TMR0
CPSON
GIE
—
—
—
CPSRNG1 CPSRNG0 CPSOUT
T0XCS
RBIF
PS0
0--- 0000
0000 000x
1111 1111
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
0--- 0000
0000 000x
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
1111 1111
PEIE
T0IE
T0CS
INTE
T0SE
RBIE
PSA
T0IF
PS2
INTF
PS1
RBPU
INTEDG
Timer0 Module Register
TRISA7 TRISA6
TRISA
TRISA5
TRISA4
TRISA3
TRISA2
TRISA1
TRISA0
Legend:
– = Unimplemented locations, read as ‘0’, u= unchanged, x= unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer0 module.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 113
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 114
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
• Selectable Gate Source Polarity
• Gate Toggle Mode
12.0 TIMER1 MODULE WITH GATE
CONTROL
• Gate Single-pulse Mode
• Gate Value Status
The Timer1 module is a 16-bit timer/counter with the
following features:
• Gate Event Interrupt
• 16-bit timer/counter register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L)
• Programmable internal or external clock source
• 3-bit prescaler
Figure 12-1 is a block diagram of the Timer1 module.
• Dedicated LP oscillator circuit
• Synchronous or asynchronous operation
• Multiple Timer1 gate (count enable) sources
• Interrupt on overflow
• Wake-up on overflow (external clock,
Asynchronous mode only)
• Time base for the Capture/Compare function
• Special Event Trigger (with CCP)
FIGURE 12-1:
TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
T1GSS<1:0>
T1G
T1GSPM
00
0
01
From Timer0
Overflow
T1G_IN
Data Bus
T1GVAL
0
D
Q
From Timer2
Match PR2
RD
Single Pulse
Acq. Control
10
11
1
T1GCON
Q1 EN
1
D
Q
Q
From WDT
Overflow
Interrupt
Set
TMR1GIF
T1GGO/DONE
CK
R
TMR1ON
T1GTM
det
T1GPOL
TMR1GE
Set flag bit
TMR1IF on
Overflow
TMR1ON
TMR1(2)
EN
D
Synchronized
clock input
0
T1CLK
TMR1H
TMR1L
Q
1
TMR1CS<1:0>
T1SYNC
T1OSO/T1CKI
OUT
Cap. Sensing
Oscillator
11
10
Synchronize(3)
det
T1OSC
EN
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
1
0
T1OSI
2
T1CKPS<1:0>
FOSC
Internal
Clock
01
00
FOSC/2
Internal
Clock
T1OSCEN
T1CKI
Sleep input
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
(1)
Note 1: ST Buffer is high speed type when using T1CKI.
2: Timer1 register increments on rising edge.
3: Synchronize does not operate while in Sleep.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 115
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
12.1 Timer1 Operation
12.2 Clock Source Selection
The Timer1 module is a 16-bit incrementing counter
which is accessed through the TMR1H:TMR1L register
pair. Writes to TMR1H or TMR1L directly update the
counter.
The TMR1CS<1:0> and T1OSCEN bits of the T1CON
register are used to select the clock source for Timer1.
Table 12-2 displays the clock source selections.
12.2.1
INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE
When used with an internal clock source, the module is
a timer and increments on every instruction cycle.
When used with an external clock source, the module
can be used as either a timer or counter and incre-
ments on every selected edge of the external source.
When the internal clock source is selected the
TMR1H:TMR1L register pair will increment on multiples
of FOSC as determined by the Timer1 prescaler.
12.2.2
EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE
Timer1 is enabled by configuring the TMR1ON and
TMR1GE bits in the T1CON and T1GCON registers,
respectively. Table 12-1 displays the Timer1 enable
selections.
When the external clock source is selected, the Timer1
module may work as a timer or a counter.
When enabled to count, Timer1 is incremented on the
rising edge of the external clock input T1CKI or the
capacitive sensing oscillator signal. Either of these
external clock sources can be synchronized to the
microcontroller system clock or they can run
asynchronously.
TABLE 12-1: TIMER1 ENABLE
SELECTIONS
Timer1
Operation
TMR1ON
TMR1GE
When used as a timer with a clock oscillator, an
external 32.768 kHz crystal can be used in conjunction
with the dedicated internal oscillator circuit.
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Off
Off
Note:
In Counter mode, a falling edge must be
registered by the counter prior to the first
incrementing rising edge after any one or
more of the following conditions:
Always On
Count Enabled
• Timer1 enabled after POR reset
• Write to TMR1H or TMR1L
• Timer1 is disabled
• Timer1 is disabled (TMR1ON = 0)
when T1CKI is high then Timer1 is
enabled (TMR1ON=1) when T1CKI is
low.
TABLE 12-2: CLOCK SOURCE SELECTIONS
TMR1CS1
TMR1CS0
T1OSCEN
Clock Source
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
x
x
x
0
1
System Clock (FOSC)
Instruction Clock (FOSC/4)
Capacitive Sensing Oscillator
External Clocking on T1CKI Pin
Oscillator Circuit on T1OSI/T1OSO Pins
DS41341E-page 116
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
12.5.1
READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN
ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER
MODE
12.3 Timer1 Prescaler
Timer1 has four prescaler options allowing 1, 2, 4 or 8
divisions of the clock input. The T1CKPS bits of the
T1CON register control the prescale counter. The
prescale counter is not directly readable or writable;
however, the prescaler counter is cleared upon a write to
TMR1H or TMR1L.
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running
from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid
read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user
should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two
8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the
timer may overflow between the reads.
12.4 Timer1 Oscillator
For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop
the timer and write the desired values. A write
contention may occur by writing to the timer registers,
while the register is incrementing. This may produce an
unpredictable value in the TMR1H:TMR1L register
pair.
A dedicated low-power 32.768 kHz oscillator circuit is
built-in between pins T1OSI (input) and T1OSO
(amplifier output). This internal circuit is to be used in
conjunction with an external 32.768 kHz crystal.
The oscillator circuit is enabled by setting the
T1OSCEN bit of the T1CON register. The oscillator will
continue to run during Sleep.
Note:
The oscillator requires a start-up and
stabilization time before use. Thus,
T1OSCEN should be set and a suitable
delay observed prior to enabling Timer1.
12.5 Timer1 Operation in
Asynchronous Counter Mode
If control bit T1SYNC of the T1CON register is set, the
external clock input is not synchronized. The timer
increments asynchronously to the internal phase
clocks. If external clock source is selected then the
timer will continue to run during Sleep and can
generate an interrupt on overflow, which will wake-up
the processor. However, special precautions in
software are needed to read/write the timer (see
Section 12.5.1 “Reading and Writing Timer1 in
Asynchronous Counter Mode”).
Note:
When switching from synchronous to
asynchronous operation, it is possible to
skip an increment. When switching from
asynchronous to synchronous operation,
it is possible to produce an additional
increment.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 117
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
12.6.2.1
T1G Pin Gate Operation
12.6 Timer1 Gate
The T1G pin is one source for Timer1 Gate Control. It
can be used to supply an external source to the Timer1
Gate circuitry.
Timer1 can be configured to count freely or the count
can be enabled and disabled using Timer1 Gate
circuitry. This is also referred to as Timer1 Gate Count
Enable.
12.6.2.2
Timer0 Overflow Gate Operation
Timer1 Gate can also be driven by multiple selectable
sources.
When Timer0 increments from FFh to 00h,
a
low-to-high pulse will automatically be generated and
internally supplied to the Timer1 Gate circuitry.
12.6.1
TIMER1 GATE COUNT ENABLE
The Timer1 Gate is enabled by setting the TMR1GE bit
of the T1GCON register. The polarity of the Timer1
Gate is configured using the T1GPOL bit of the
T1GCON register.
12.6.2.3
Timer2 Match Gate Operation
The TMR2 register will increment until it matches the
value in the PR2 register. On the very next increment
cycle, TMR2 will be reset to 00h. When this Reset
occurs, a low-to-high pulse will automatically be
generated and internally supplied to the Timer1 Gate
circuitry.
When Timer1 Gate (T1G) input is active, Timer1 will
increment on the rising edge of the Timer1 clock
source. When Timer1 Gate input is inactive, no
incrementing will occur and Timer1 will hold the current
count. See Figure 12-3 for timing details.
12.6.2.4
Watchdog Overflow Gate Operation
The Watchdog Timer oscillator, prescaler and counter
will be automatically turned on when TMR1GE = 1 and
T1GSS selects the WDT as a gate source for Timer1
(T1GSS = 11). TMR1ON does not factor into the oscil-
lator, prescaler and counter enable. See Table 12-5.
TABLE 12-3: TIMER1 GATE ENABLE
SELECTIONS
T1CLK T1GPOL
T1G
Timer1 Operation
↑
↑
↑
↑
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Counts
The PSA and PS bits of the OPTION register still
control what time-out interval is selected. Changing the
prescaler during operation may result in a spurious
capture.
Holds Count
Holds Count
Counts
Enabling the Watchdog Timer oscillator does not
automatically enable a Watchdog Reset or Wake-up
from Sleep upon counter overflow.
12.6.2
TIMER1 GATE SOURCE
SELECTION
Note:
When using the WDT as a gate source for
Timer1, operations that clear the Watchdog
Timer (CLRWDT, SLEEP instructions) will
affect the time interval being measured for
capacitive sensing. This includes waking
from Sleep. All other interrupts that might
wake the device from Sleep should be
disabled to prevent them from disturbing
the measurement period.
The Timer1 Gate source can be selected from one of
four different sources. Source selection is controlled by
the T1GSS bits of the T1GCON register. The polarity
for each available source is also selectable. Polarity
selection is controlled by the T1GPOL bit of the
T1GCON register.
TABLE 12-4: TIMER1 GATE SOURCES
T1GSS
Timer1 Gate Source
Timer1 Gate Pin
As the gate signal coming from the WDT counter will
generate different pulse widths depending on if the
WDT is enabled, when the CLRWDT instruction is
executed, and so on, Toggle mode must be used. A
specific sequence is required to put the device into the
correct state to capture the next WDT counter interval.
00
01
Overflow of Timer0
(TMR0 increments from FFh to 00h)
10
11
Timer2 match PR2
(TMR2 increments to match PR2)
Count Enabled by WDT Overflow
(Watchdog Time-out interval expired)
DS41341E-page 118
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 12-5: WDT/TIMER1 GATE INTERACTION
TMR1GE = 1
and
T1GSS = 11
WDT Oscillator
Enable
WDT Available for
T1G Source
WDTE
WDT Reset
Wake-up
1
1
0
0
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
12.6.3
TIMER1 GATE TOGGLE MODE
12.6.4
TIMER1 GATE SINGLE-PULSE
MODE
When Timer1 Gate Toggle mode is enabled, it is pos-
sible to measure the full-cycle length of a Timer1 gate
signal, as opposed to the duration of a single level
pulse.
When Timer1 Gate Single-Pulse mode is enabled, it is
possible to capture a single pulse gate event. Timer1
Gate Single-Pulse mode is first enabled by setting the
T1GSPM bit in the T1GCON register. Next, the
T1GGO/DONE bit in the T1GCON register must be set.
The Timer1 will be fully enabled on the next
incrementing edge. On the next trailing edge of the
pulse, the T1GGO/DONE bit will automatically be
cleared. No other gate events will be allowed to
increment Timer1 until the T1GGO/DONE bit is once
again set in software.
The Timer1 Gate source is routed through a flip-flop
that changes state on every incrementing edge of the
signal. See Figure 12-4 for timing details.
Timer1 Gate Toggle mode is enabled by setting the
T1GTM bit of the T1GCON register. When the T1GTM
bit is cleared, the flip-flop is cleared and held clear. This
is necessary in order to control which edge is
measured.
Clearing the T1GSPM bit of the T1GCON register will
also clear the T1GGO/DONE bit. See Figure 12-5 for
timing details.
Note:
Enabling Toggle mode at the same time as
changing the gate polarity may result in
indeterminate operation.
Enabling the Toggle mode and the Single-Pulse mode
simultaneously will permit both sections to work
together. This allows the cycle times on the Timer1
Gate source to be measured. See Figure 12-6 for
timing details.
12.6.5
TIMER1 GATE VALUE STATUS
When Timer1 Gate Value Status is utilized, it is possi-
ble to read the most current level of the gate control
value. The value is stored in the T1GVAL bit in the
T1GCON register. The T1GVAL bit is valid even when
the Timer1 Gate is not enabled (TMR1GE bit is
cleared).
12.6.6
TIMER1 GATE EVENT INTERRUPT
When Timer1 Gate Event Interrupt is enabled, it is pos-
sible to generate an interrupt upon the completion of a
gate event. When the falling edge of T1GVAL occurs,
the TMR1GIF flag bit in the PIR1 register will be set. If
the TMR1GIE bit in the PIE1 register is set, then an
interrupt will be recognized.
The TMR1GIF flag bit operates even when the Timer1
Gate is not enabled (TMR1GE bit is cleared).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 119
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
12.7 Timer1 Interrupt
12.9 CCP Capture/Compare Time Base
The Timer1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments
to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. When Timer1 rolls
over, the Timer1 interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is
set. To enable the interrupt on rollover, you must set
these bits:
The CCP module uses the TMR1H:TMR1L register
pair as the time base when operating in Capture or
Compare mode.
In Capture mode, the value in the TMR1H:TMR1L
register pair is copied into the CCPR1H:CCPR1L
register pair on a configured event.
• TMR1ON bit of the T1CON register
• TMR1IE bit of the PIE1 register
• PEIE bit of the INTCON register
• GIE bit of the INTCON register
In Compare mode, an event is triggered when the value
CCPR1H:CCPR1L register pair matches the value in
the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair. This event can be a
Special Event Trigger.
The interrupt is cleared by clearing the TMR1IF bit in
the Interrupt Service Routine.
For
more
information,
see
Section 15.0
“Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module”.
Note:
The TMR1H:TMR1L register pair and the
TMR1IF bit should be cleared before
enabling interrupts.
12.10 CCP Special Event Trigger
When the CCP is configured to trigger a special event,
the trigger will clear the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair.
This special event does not cause a Timer1 interrupt.
The CCP module may still be configured to generate a
CCP interrupt.
12.8 Timer1 Operation During Sleep
Timer1 can only operate during Sleep when setup in
Asynchronous Counter mode. In this mode, an external
crystal or clock source can be used to increment the
counter. To set up the timer to wake the device:
In this mode of operation, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L
register pair becomes the period register for Timer1.
• TMR1ON bit of the T1CON register must be set
• TMR1IE bit of the PIE1 register must be set
• PEIE bit of the INTCON register must be set
• T1SYNC bit of the T1CON register must be set
Timer1 should be synchronized to the FOSC/4 to utilize
the Special Event Trigger. Asynchronous operation of
Timer1 can cause a Special Event Trigger to be
missed.
• TMR1CS bits of the T1CON register must be
configured
In the event that a write to TMR1H or TMR1L coincides
with a Special Event Trigger from the CCP, the write will
take precedence.
• T1OSCEN bit of the T1CON register must be
configured
For more information, see Section 9.2.5 “Special
Event Trigger”.
• TMR1GIE bit of the T1GCON register must be
configured
The device will wake-up on an overflow and execute
the next instructions. If the GIE bit of the INTCON
register is set, the device will call the Interrupt Service
Routine (0004h).
FIGURE 12-2:
TIMER1 INCREMENTING EDGE
T1CKI = 1
when TMR1
Enabled
T1CKI = 0
when TMR1
Enabled
Note 1: Arrows indicate counter increments.
2: In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge of the clock.
DS41341E-page 120
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 12-3:
TIMER1 GATE COUNT ENABLE MODE
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
T1G_IN
T1CKI
T1GVAL
TIMER1
N
N + 1
N + 2
N + 3
N + 4
FIGURE 12-4:
TIMER1 GATE TOGGLE MODE
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
T1GTM
T1G_IN
T1CKI
T1GVAL
TIMER1
N
N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N + 4
N + 5 N + 6 N + 7 N + 8
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 121
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 12-5:
TIMER1 GATE SINGLE-PULSE MODE
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
T1GSPM
Cleared by hardware on
falling edge of T1GVAL
T1GGO/
DONE
Set by software
Counting enabled on
rising edge of T1G
T1G_IN
T1CKI
T1GVAL
TIMER1
N
N + 1
N + 2
Cleared by
software
Set by hardware on
falling edge of T1GVAL
Cleared by software
TMR1GIF
DS41341E-page 122
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 12-6:
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
TIMER1 GATE SINGLE-PULSE AND TOGGLE COMBINED MODE
T1GSPM
T1GTM
Cleared by hardware on
falling edge of T1GVAL
T1GGO/
DONE
Set by software
Counting enabled on
rising edge of T1G
T1G_IN
T1CKI
T1GVAL
TIMER1
N + 4
N + 2 N + 3
N
N + 1
Set by hardware on
falling edge of T1GVAL
Cleared by
software
Cleared by software
TMR1GIF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 123
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
12.11 Timer1 Control Register
The Timer1 Control register (T1CON), shown in
Register 12-1, is used to control Timer1 and select the
various features of the Timer1 module.
REGISTER 12-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
U-0
—
R/W-0
TMR1CS1
TMR1CS0
T1CKPS1
T1CKPS0
T1OSCEN
T1SYNC
TMR1ON
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7-6
TMR1CS<1:0>: Timer1 Clock Source Select bits
11=Timer1 clock source is Capacitive Sensing Oscillator (CAPOSC)
10=Timer1 clock source is pin or oscillator:
If T1OSCEN = 0:
External clock from T1CKI pin (on the rising edge)
If T1OSCEN = 1:
Crystal oscillator on T1OSI/T1OSO pins
01=Timer1 clock source is system clock (FOSC)
00=Timer1 clock source is instruction clock (FOSC/4)
bit 5-4
T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11= 1:8 Prescale value
10= 1:4 Prescale value
01= 1:2 Prescale value
00= 1:1 Prescale value
bit 3
bit 2
T1OSCEN: LP Oscillator Enable Control bit
1= Dedicated Timer1 oscillator circuit enabled
0= Dedicated Timer1 oscillator circuit disabled
T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit
TMR1CS<1:0> = 1X
1= Do not synchronize external clock input
0= Synchronize external clock input with system clock (FOSC)
TMR1CS<1:0> = 0X
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS<1:0> = 1X.
bit 1
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit
1= Enables Timer1
0= Stops Timer1
Clears Timer1 Gate flip-flop
DS41341E-page 124
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
12.12 Timer1 Gate Control Register
The Timer1 Gate Control register (T1GCON), shown in
Register 12-2, is used to control Timer1 Gate.
REGISTER 12-2: T1GCON: TIMER1 GATE CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R-x
R/W-0
R/W-0
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
T1GTM
T1GSPM
T1GGO/
DONE
T1GVAL
T1GSS1
T1GSS0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
TMR1GE: Timer1 Gate Enable bit
If TMR1ON = 0:
This bit is ignored
If TMR1ON = 1:
1= Timer1 counting is controlled by the Timer1 gate function
0= Timer1 counts regardless of Timer1 gate function
bit 6
bit 5
T1GPOL: Timer1 Gate Polarity bit
1= Timer1 gate is active-high (Timer1 counts when gate is high)
0= Timer1 gate is active-low (Timer1 counts when gate is low)
T1GTM: Timer1 Gate Toggle Mode bit
1= Timer1 Gate Toggle mode is enabled.
0= Timer1 Gate Toggle mode is disabled and toggle flip flop is cleared
Timer1 gate flip flop toggles on every rising edge.
bit 4
bit 3
T1GSPM: Timer1 Gate Single Pulse Mode bit
1= Timer1 gate Single-Pulse mode is enabled and is controlling Timer1 gate
0= Timer1 gate Single-Pulse mode is disabled
T1GGO/DONE: Timer1 Gate Single-Pulse Acquisition Status bit
1= Timer1 gate single-pulse acquisition is ready, waiting for an edge
0= Timer1 gate single-pulse acquisition has completed or has not been started
This bit is automatically cleared when T1GSPM is cleared.
bit 2
T1GVAL: Timer1 Gate Current State bit
Indicates the current state of the Timer1 gate that could be provided to TMR1H:TMR1L.
Unaffected by Timer1 Gate Enable (TMR1GE).
bit 1-0
T1GSS<1:0>: Timer1 Gate Source Select bits
00= Timer1 Gate pin
01= Timer0 Overflow output
10= TMR2 Match PR2 output
11= Watchdog Timer scaler overflow
Watchdog Timer oscillator is turned on if TMR1GE = 1, regardless of the state of TMR1ON
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 125
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 12-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ANSELB
CCP1CON
CCP2CON
INTCON
PIE1
—
—
—
—
ANSB5
DC1B1
DC2B1
T0IE
ANSB4
DC1B0
DC2B0
INTE
ANSB3
CCP1M3
CCP2M3
RBIE
ANSB2
CCP1M2
CCP2M2
T0IF
ANSB1
CCP1M1
CCP2M1
INTF
ANSB0
CCP1M0
CCP2M0
RBIF
--11 1111
--00 0000
--00 0000
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
--11 1111
--00 0000
--00 0000
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
—
—
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
RB6
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
RB7
RCIE
TXIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
RB3
CCP1IE
CCP1IF
RB2
TMR2IE
TMR2IF
RB1
TMR1IE
TMR1IF
RB0
PIR1
RCIF
TXIF
PORTB
TMR1H
TMR1L
TRISB
RB5
RB4
Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
TRISB7
TRISC7
TRISB6
TRISC6
TRISB5
TRISC5
TRISB4
TRISC4
TRISB3
TRISC3
TRISB2
TRISC2
TRISB1
TRISC1
—
TRISB0
TRISC0
TMR1ON
T1GSS0
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uu-u
uuuu uxuu
TRISC
1111 1111
0000 00-0
0000 0x00
TMR1CS1 TMR1CS0 T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC
T1CON
TMR1GE
T1GPOL
T1GTM
T1GSPM
T1GGO/
DONE
T1GVAL
T1GSS1
T1GCON
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, —= unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
DS41341E-page 126
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The TMR2 and PR2 registers are both fully readable
and writable. On any Reset, the TMR2 register is set to
00h and the PR2 register is set to FFh.
13.0 TIMER2 MODULE
The Timer2 module is an 8-bit timer with the following
features:
Timer2 is turned on by setting the TMR2ON bit in the
T2CON register to a ‘1’. Timer2 is turned off by clearing
the TMR2ON bit to a ‘0’.
• 8-bit timer register (TMR2)
• 8-bit period register (PR2)
• Interrupt on TMR2 match with PR2
• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)
• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16)
The Timer2 prescaler is controlled by the T2CKPS bits
in the T2CON register. The Timer2 postscaler is
controlled by the TOUTPS bits in the T2CON register.
The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
when:
See Figure 13-1 for a block diagram of Timer2.
• A write to TMR2 occurs.
• A write to T2CON occurs.
13.1 Timer2 Operation
The clock input to the Timer2 module is the system
instruction clock (FOSC/4). The clock is fed into the
Timer2 prescaler, which has prescale options of 1:1,
1:4 or 1:16. The output of the prescaler is then used to
increment the TMR2 register.
• Any device Reset occurs (Power-on Reset, MCLR
Reset, Watchdog Timer Reset, or Brown-out
Reset).
Note:
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is
written.
The values of TMR2 and PR2 are constantly compared
to determine when they match. TMR2 will increment
from 00h until it matches the value in PR2. When a
match occurs, two things happen:
• TMR2 is reset to 00h on the next increment cycle.
• The Timer2 postscaler is incremented.
The match output of the Timer2/PR2 comparator is
then fed into the Timer2 postscaler. The postscaler has
postscale options of 1:1 to 1:16 inclusive. The output of
the Timer2 postscaler is used to set the TMR2IF
interrupt flag bit in the PIR1 register.
FIGURE 13-1:
TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Sets Flag
bit TMR2IF
TMR2
Output
Prescaler
Reset
EQ
TMR2
FOSC/4
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
Postscaler
1:1 to 1:16
2
Comparator
PR2
T2CKPS<1:0>
4
TOUTPS<3:0>
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 127
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 13-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
TOUTPS3
TOUTPS2
TOUTPS1
TOUTPS0
TMR2ON
T2CKPS1
T2CKPS0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-3
TOUTPS<3:0>: Timer2 Output Postscaler Select bits
0000= 1:1 Postscaler
0001= 1:2 Postscaler
0010= 1:3 Postscaler
0011= 1:4 Postscaler
0100= 1:5 Postscaler
0101= 1:6 Postscaler
0110= 1:7 Postscaler
0111= 1:8 Postscaler
1000= 1:9 Postscaler
1001= 1:10 Postscaler
1010= 1:11 Postscaler
1011= 1:12 Postscaler
1100= 1:13 Postscaler
1101= 1:14 Postscaler
1110= 1:15 Postscaler
1111= 1:16 Postscaler
bit 2
TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit
1= Timer2 is on
0= Timer2 is off
bit 1-0
T2CKPS<1:0>: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits
00= Prescaler is 1
01= Prescaler is 4
1x= Prescaler is 16
TABLE 13-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
INTE
TXIE
TXIF
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
CCP1IE
CCP1IF
TMR2IE
TMR2IF
TMR1IE
TMR1IF
PIR1
PR2
Timer2 Module Period Register
Holding Register for the 8-bit TMR2 Register
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0
1111 1111
0000 0000
-000 0000
1111 1111
0000 0000
-000 0000
TMR2
T2CON
Legend:
—
TMR2ON
T2CKPS1
T2CKPS0
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Timer2 module.
DS41341E-page 128
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
sensing module. The capacitive sensing module
requires software and at least one timer resource to
determine the change in frequency. Key features of this
module include:
14.0 CAPACITIVE SENSING
MODULE
The capacitive sensing module allows for an interaction
with an end user without a mechanical interface. In a
typical application, the capacitive sensing module is
attached to a pad on a printed circuit board (PCB), which
is electrically isolated from the end user. When the end
user places their finger over the PCB pad, a capacitive
load is added, causing a frequency shift in the capacitive
• Analog MUX for monitoring multiple inputs
• Capacitive sensing oscillator
• Multiple timer resources
• Software control
• Operation during Sleep
FIGURE 14-1:
CAPACITIVE SENSING BLOCK DIAGRAM
Timer0 Module
Set
T0IF
T0CS
T0XCS
T0CKI
FOSC/4
0
1
Overflow
0
1
TMR0
CPSCH<3:0>(2)
CPSON(3)
CPS0
CPS1
CPS2
CPS3
Timer1 Module
CPS4
CPSON
T1CS<1:0>
CPS5
FOSC
CPS6
Capacitive
Sensing
Oscillator
FOSC/4
CPS7
CPSCLK
TMR1H:TMR1L
CPS8(1)
CPS9(1)
CPS10(1)
CPS11(1)
CPS12(1)
CPS13(1)
CPS14(1)
CPS15(1)
EN
T1OSC/
T1CKI
CPSOSC
CPSOUT
T1GSEL<1:0>
T1G
CPSRNG<1:0>
Timer1 Gate
Control Logic
Timer2 Module
Watchdog Timer Module
WDT
Event
Overflow
Set
TMR2IF
TMR2
Postscaler
Overflow
LP WDT
OSC
WDT
Scaler
PS<2:0>
Note 1: Channels CPS<15:8> are implemented on PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727 only.
2: CPSCH3 is not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726.
3: If CPSON = 0, disabling capacitive sensing, no channel is selected.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
41341E-page 129
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
14.4.1
TIMER0
14.1 Analog MUX
To select Timer0 as the timer resource for the capacitive
sensing module:
The capacitive sensing module can monitor up to 16
inputs. The capacitive sensing inputs are defined as
CPS<15:0>. To determine if a frequency change has
occurred the user must:
• Set the T0XCS bit of the CPSCON0 register
• Clear the T0CS bit of the OPTION register
• Select the appropriate CPS pin by setting the
CPSCH<3:0> bits of the CPSCON1 register
When Timer0 is chosen as the timer resource, the
capacitive sensing oscillator will be the clock source for
Timer0. Refer to Section 11.0 “Timer0 Module” for
additional information.
• Set the corresponding ANSEL bit
• Set the corresponding TRIS bit
• Run the software algorithm
14.4.2
TIMER1
Selection of the CPSx pin while the module is enabled
will cause the capacitive sensing oscillator to be on the
CPSx pin. Failure to set the corresponding ANSEL and
TRIS bits can cause the capacitive sensing oscillator to
stop, leading to false frequency readings.
To select Timer1 as the timer resource for the
capacitive sensing module, set the TMR1CS<1:0> of
the T1CON register to ‘11’. When Timer1 is chosen as
the timer resource, the capacitive sensing oscillator will
be the clock source for Timer1. Because the Timer1
module has a gate control, developing a time base for
the frequency measurement can be simplified using
either:
14.2 Capacitive Sensing Oscillator
The capacitive sensing oscillator consists of a constant
current source and a constant current sink, to produce
• The Timer0 overflow flag
• The Timer2 overflow flag
• The WDT overflow flag
a
triangle waveform. The CPSOUT bit of the
CPSCON0 register shows the status of the capacitive
sensing oscillator, whether it is a sinking or sourcing
current. The oscillator is designed to drive a capacitive
load (single PCB pad) and at the same time, be a clock
source to either Timer0 or Timer1. The oscillator has
three different current settings as defined by
CPSRNG<1:0> of the CPSCON0 register. The different
current settings for the oscillator serve two purposes:
It is recommend that one of these flags, in conjunction
with the toggle mode of the Timer1 Gate, is used to
develop the fixed time base required by the software
portion of the capacitive sensing module. Refer to
Section 12.0 “Timer1 Module with Gate Control” for
additional information.
• Maximize the number of counts in a timer for a
fixed time base
TABLE 14-1: TIMER1 ENABLE FUNCTION
TMR1ON
TMR1GE
Timer1 Operation
• Maximize the count differential in the timer during
a change in frequency
0
0
1
0
1
0
Off
Off
On
14.3 Timer resources
To measure the change in frequency of the capacitive
sensing oscillator, a fixed time base is required. For the
period of the fixed time base, the capacitive sensing
oscillator is used to clock either Timer0 or Timer1. The
frequency of the capacitive sensing oscillator is equal
to the number of counts in the timer divided by the
period of the fixed time base.
1
1
Count Enabled by input
14.4 Fixed Time Base
To measure the frequency of the capacitive sensing
oscillator, a fixed time base is required. Any timer
resource or software loop can be used to establish the
fixed time base. It is up to the end user to determine the
method in which the fixed time base is generated.
Note:
The fixed time base can not be generated
by timer resource the capacitive sensing
oscillator is clocking.
41341E-page 130
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
14.5.3
FREQUENCY THRESHOLD
14.5 Software Control
The frequency threshold should be placed midway
between the value of nominal frequency and the
reduced frequency of the capacitive sensing oscillator.
Refer to Application Note AN1103, “Software Handling
for Capacitive Sensing” (DS01103) for more detailed
information the software required for capacitive
sensing module.
The software portion of the capacitive sensing module
is required to determine the change in frequency of the
capacitive sensing oscillator. This is accomplished by
the following:
• Setting a fixed time base to acquire counts on
Timer0 or Timer1
• Establishing the nominal frequency for the
capacitive sensing oscillator
Note:
For more information on general Capacitive
Sensing refer to Application Notes:
• Establishing the reduced frequency for the
capacitive sensing oscillator due to an additional
capacitive load
• AN1101, “Introduction to Capacitive
Sensing” (DS01101)
• AN1102, “Layout and Physical Design
Guidelines for Capacitive Sensing”
(DS01102)
• Set the frequency threshold
14.5.1
NOMINAL FREQUENCY
(NO CAPACITIVE LOAD)
To determine the nominal frequency of the capacitive
sensing oscillator:
• Remove any extra capacitive load on the selected
CPSx pin
• At the start of the fixed time base, clear the timer
resource
• At the end of the fixed time base save the value in
the timer resource
The value of the timer resource is the number of
oscillations of the capacitive sensing oscillator for the
given time base. The frequency of the capacitive
sensing oscillator is equal to the number of counts on
in the timer divided by the period of the fixed time base.
14.5.2
REDUCED FREQUENCY
(ADDITIONAL CAPACITIVE LOAD)
The extra capacitive load will cause the frequency of the
capacitive sensing oscillator to decrease. To determine
the reduced frequency of the capacitive sensing
oscillator:
• Add a typical capacitive load on the selected
CPSx pin
• Use the same fixed time base as the nominal
frequency measurement
• At the start of the fixed time base, clear the timer
resource
• At the end of the fixed time base save the value in
the timer resource
The value of the timer resource is the number of oscil-
lations of the capacitive sensing oscillator with an addi-
tional capacitive load. The frequency of the capacitive
sensing oscillator is equal to the number of counts on
in the timer divided by the period of the fixed time base.
This frequency should be less than the value obtained
during the nominal frequency measurement.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
41341E-page 131
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
14.6 Operation during Sleep
The capacitive sensing oscillator will continue to run as
long as the module is enabled, independent of the part
being in Sleep. In order for the software to determine if
a frequency change has occurred, the part must be
awake. However, the part does not have to be awake
when the timer resource is acquiring counts. One way
to acquire the Timer1 counts while in Sleep is to have
Timer1 gated with the overflow of the Watchdog Timer.
This can be accomplished using the following steps:
1. Configure the Watchdog Time-out overflow as
the Timer1’s gate source T1GSS<1:0> = 11.
2. Set Timer1 Gate to toggle mode by setting the
T1GTM bit of the T1GCON register.
3. Set the TMR1GE bit of the T1GCON register.
4. Set TMR1ON bit of the T1CON register.
5. Enable capacitive sensing module with the
appropriate current settings and pin selection.
6. Clear Timer1.
7. Put the part to Sleep.
8. On the first WDT overflow, the capacitive sens-
ing oscillator will begin to increment Timer1.
Then put the part to Sleep.
9. On the second WDT overflow Timer1 will stop
incrementing. Then run the software routine to
determine if a frequency change has occurred.
Refer to Section 12.0 “Timer1 Module with Gate
Control” for additional information.
Note 1: When using the WDT to set the interval
on Timer1, any other source that wakes
the part up early will cause the WDT over-
flow to be delayed, affecting the value
captured by Timer1.
2: Timer0 does not operate when in Sleep,
and therefore cannot be used for
capacitive sense measurements in Sleep.
41341E-page 132
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 14-1: CPSCON0: CAPACITIVE SENSING CONTROL REGISTER 0
R/W-0
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R-0
R/W-0
CPSON
CPSRNG1
CPSRNG0
CPSOUT
T0XCS
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
CPSON: Capacitive Sensing Module Enable bit
1= Capacitive sensing module is operating
0= Capacitive sensing module is shut off and consumes no operating current
bit 6-4
bit 3-2
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
CPSRNG<1:0>: Capacitive Sensing Oscillator Range bits
00= Oscillator is off.
01= Oscillator is in low range. Charge/discharge current is nominally 0.1 µA.
10= Oscillator is in medium range. Charge/discharge current is nominally 1.2 µA.
11= Oscillator is in high range. Charge/discharge current is nominally 18 µA.
bit 1
bit 0
CPSOUT: Capacitive Sensing Oscillator Status bit
1= Oscillator is sourcing current (Current flowing out the pin)
0= Oscillator is sinking current (Current flowing into the pin)
T0XCS: Timer0 External Clock Source Select bit
If T0CS = 1
The T0XCS bit controls which clock external to the core/Timer0 module supplies Timer0:
1= Timer0 Clock Source is the capacitive sensing oscillator
0= Timer0 Clock Source is the T0CKI pin
If T0CS = 0
Timer0 clock source is controlled by the core/Timer0 module and is FOSC/4.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
41341E-page 133
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 14-2: CPSCON1: CAPACITIVE SENSING CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0(2)
CPSCH3
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
CPSCH2
CPSCH1
CPSCH0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-4
bit 3-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
CPSCH<3:0>: Capacitive Sensing Channel Select bits
If CPSON = 0:
These bits are ignored. No channel is selected.
If CPSON = 1:
0000= channel 0, (CPS0)
0001= channel 1, (CPS1)
0010= channel 2, (CPS2)
0011= channel 3, (CPS3)
0100= channel 4, (CPS4)
0101= channel 5, (CPS5)
0110= channel 6, (CPS6)
0111= channel 7, (CPS7)
1000= channel 8, (CPS8(1)
1001= channel 9, (CPS9(1)
)
)
1010= channel 10, (CPS10(1)
)
)
)
)
)
)
1011= channel 11, (CPS11(1)
1100= channel 12, (CPS12(1)
1101= channel 13, (CPS13(1)
1110= channel 14, (CPS14(1)
1111= channel 15, (CPS15(1)
Note 1: These channels are not implemented on the PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726.
2: This bit is not implemented on PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726, Read as ‘0’
TABLE 14-2: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPACITIVE SENSING
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ANSELA
—
—
—
—
ANSA5
ANSB5
ANSD5
ANSA4
ANSB4
ANSD4
ANSA3
ANSB3
ANSD3
ANSA2
ANSB2
ANSD2
ANSA1
ANSB1
ANSD1
ANSA0
ANSB0
ANSD0
--11 1111 --11 1111
--11 1111 --11 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
ANSELB
ANSELD
ANSD7
ANSD6
OPTION_REG
PIE1
RBPU
INTEDG
ADIE
T0CS
RCIE
RCIF
T0SE
TXIE
TXIF
PSA
PS2
PS1
TMR2IE
TMR2IF
—
PS0
1111 1111 1111 1111
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
SSPIE
SSPIF
CCP1IE
CCP1IF
TMR1IE
TMR1IF
PIR1
ADIF
T1CON
T2CON
TRISA
TMR1CS1 TMR1CS0 T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC
TMR1ON 0000 00-0 0000 00-0
—
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
TRISA7
TRISB7
TRISD7
TRISA6
TRISB6
TRISD6
TRISA5
TRISB5
TRISD5
TRISA4
TRISB4
TRISD4
TRISA3
TRISB3
TRISD3
TRISA2
TRISB2
TRISD2
TRISA1
TRISB1
TRISD1
TRISA0
TRISB0
TRISD0
1111 1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
TRISB
TRISD
Legend: -= Unimplemented locations, read as ‘0’, u= unchanged, x= unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the capacitive sensing module.
41341E-page 134
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 15-1: CCP MODE – TIMER
RESOURCES REQUIRED
15.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM
(CCP) MODULE
CCP Mode
Capture
Timer Resource
The Capture/Compare/PWM module is a peripheral
which allows the user to time and control different
events. In Capture mode, the peripheral allows the
timing of the duration of an event. The Compare mode
allows the user to trigger an external event when a
predetermined amount of time has expired. The PWM
mode can generate a Pulse-Width Modulated signal of
varying frequency and duty cycle.
Timer1
Timer1
Timer2
Compare
PWM
The timer resources used by the module are shown in
Table 15-1.
Additional information on CCP modules is available in
the Application Note AN594, “Using the CCP Modules”
(DS00594).
TABLE 15-2: INTERACTION OF TWO CCP MODULES
CCP1 Mode CCP2 Mode
Capture Capture
Interaction
Same TMR1 time base
Capture
Compare
PWM
Compare
Compare
PWM
Same TMR1 time base(1, 2)
Same TMR1 time base(1, 2)
The PWMs will have the same frequency and update rate (TMR2 interrupt).
The rising edges will be aligned.
PWM
PWM
Capture
None
None
Compare
Note 1: If CCP2 is configured as a Special Event Trigger, CCP1 will clear Timer1, affecting the value captured on
the CCP2 pin.
2: If CCP1 is in Capture mode and CCP2 is configured as a Special Event Trigger, CCP2 will clear Timer1,
affecting the value captured on the CCP1 pin.
Note:
CCPRx and CCPx throughout this
document refer to CCPR1 or CCPR2 and
CCP1 or CCP2, respectively.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 135
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 15-1: CCPxCON: CCPx CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DCxB1
DCxB0
CCPxM3
CCPxM2
CCPxM1
CCPxM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
DCxB<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Least Significant bits
Capture mode:
Unused
Compare mode:
Unused
PWM mode:
These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPRxL.
bit 3-0
CCPxM<3:0>: CCP Mode Select bits
0000= Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets CCP module)
0001= Unused (reserved)
0010= Compare mode, toggle output on match (CCPxIF bit of the PIRx register is set)
0011= Unused (reserved)
0100= Capture mode, every falling edge
0101= Capture mode, every rising edge
0110= Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111= Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000= Compare mode, set output on match (CCPxIF bit of the PIRx register is set)
1001= Compare mode, clear output on match (CCPxIF bit of the PIRx register is set)
1010= Compare mode, generate software interrupt on match (CCPxIF bit is set of the PIRx register,
CCPx pin is unaffected)
1011= Compare mode, trigger special event (CCPxIF bit of the PIRx register is set, TMR1 is reset
and A/D conversion(1) is started if the ADC module is enabled. CCPx pin is unaffected.)
11xx= PWM mode.
Note 1: A/D conversion start feature is available only on CCP2.
DS41341E-page 136
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
15.1.3
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT
15.1 Capture Mode
When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture
interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the
CCPxIE interrupt enable bit of the PIEx register clear to
avoid false interrupts. Additionally, the user should
clear the CCPxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIRx register
following any change in operating mode.
In Capture mode, CCPRxH:CCPRxL captures the
16-bit value of the TMR1 register when an event occurs
on pin CCPx. An event is defined as one of the
following and is configured by the CCPxM<3:0> bits of
the CCPxCON register:
• Every falling edge
• Every rising edge
Note:
Clocking Timer1 from the system clock
(FOSC) should not be used in Capture
Mode. In order for Capture Mode to
recognize the trigger event on the CCPx
pin, Timer1 must be clocked from the
Instruction Clock (FOSC/4) or from an
external clock source.
• Every 4th rising edge
• Every 16th rising edge
When a capture is made, the Interrupt Request Flag bit
CCPxIF of the PIRx register is set. The interrupt flag
must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs
before the value in the CCPRxH, CCPRxL register pair
is read, the old captured value is overwritten by the new
captured value (refer to Figure 15-1).
15.1.4
CCP PRESCALER
There are four prescaler settings specified by the
CCPxM<3:0> bits of the CCPxCON register. Whenever
the CCP module is turned off, or the CCP module is not
in Capture mode, the prescaler counter is cleared. Any
Reset will clear the prescaler counter.
15.1.1
CCPx PIN CONFIGURATION
In Capture mode, the CCPx pin should be configured
as an input by setting the associated TRIS control bit.
Either RC1 or RB3 can be selected as the CCP2 pin.
Refer to Section 6.1 “Alternate Pin Function” for
more information.
Switching from one capture prescaler to another does not
clear the prescaler and may generate a false interrupt. To
avoid this unexpected operation, turn the module off by
clearing the CCPxCON register before changing the
prescaler (refer to Example 15-1).
Note:
If the CCPx pin is configured as an output,
a write to the port can cause a capture
condition.
EXAMPLE 15-1:
CHANGING BETWEEN
CAPTURE PRESCALERS
FIGURE 15-1:
CAPTURE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK
DIAGRAM
BANKSELCCP1CON
;Set Bank bits to point
;to CCP1CON
;Turn CCP module off
CLRF
CCP1CON
Set Flag bit CCPxIF
(PIRx register)
MOVLW
NEW_CAPT_PS;Load the W reg with
; the new prescaler
Prescaler
÷ 1, 4, 16
; move value and CCP ON
MOVWF
CCP1CON
;Load CCP1CON with this
; value
CCPx
CCPRxH
CCPRxL
Capture
Enable
and
Edge Detect
15.1.5
CAPTURE DURING SLEEP
TMR1H
TMR1L
Capture mode depends upon the Timer1 module for
proper operation. There are two options for driving the
Timer1 module in Capture mode. It can be driven by
the instruction clock (FOSC/4), or by an external clock
source.
CCPxCON<3:0>
System Clock (FOSC)
15.1.2
TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized
Counter mode for the CCP module to use the capture
feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode or when
Timer1 is clocked at FOSC, the capture operation may
not work.
If Timer1 is clocked by FOSC/4, then Timer1 will not
increment during Sleep. When the device wakes from
Sleep, Timer1 will continue from its previous state.
If Timer1 is clocked by an external clock source, then
Capture mode will operate as defined in Section 15.1
“Capture Mode”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 137
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 15-3: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ANSELB
APFCON
CCP1CON
CCP2CON
CCPRxL
CCPRxH
INTCON
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ANSB5
—
ANSB4
—
ANSB3
—
ANSB2
—
ANSB1
SSSEL
ANSB0
--11 1111
--11 1111
---- --00
--00 0000
--00 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
CCP2SEL ---- --00
DC1B1
DC2B1
DC1B0
DC2B0
CCP1M3
CCP2M3
CCP1M2
CCP2M2
CCP1M1
CCP2M1
CCP1M0
CCP2M0
--00 0000
--00 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Capture/Compare/PWM Register X Low Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register X High Byte
GIE
PEIE
T0IE
INTE
RBIE
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 000x
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 0000
---- ---0
PIE1
PIE2
PIR1
PIR2
TMR1GIE
—
ADIE
—
RCIE
—
TXIE
—
SSPIE
—
CCP1IE
—
TMR2IE
—
TMR1IE
CCP2IE
TMR1GIF
—
ADIF
—
RCIF
—
TXIF
—
SSPIF
—
CCP1IF
—
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
CCP2IF
TMR1ON
—
—
TMR1CS1 TMR1CS0 T1CKPS1
TMR1GE T1GPOL T1GTM
T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN
T1SYNC
T1CON
0000 00-0
0000 0x00
uuuu uu-u
0000 0x00
T1GCON
T1GSPM
T1GGO/
DONE
T1GVAL
T1GSS1
T1GSS0
TMR1L
TMR1H
TRISB
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
1111 1111
1111 1111
TRISB7
TRISC7
TRISB6
TRISC6
TRISB5
TRISC5
TRISB4
TRISC4
TRISB3
TRISC3
TRISB2
TRISC2
TRISB1
TRISC1
TRISB0
TRISC0
TRISC
1111 1111
Legend: -= Unimplemented locations, read as ‘0’, u= unchanged, x= unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Capture.
DS41341E-page 138
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
15.2.2
TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
15.2 Compare Mode
In Compare mode, Timer1 must be running in either
Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode. The
compare operation may not work in Asynchronous
Counter mode.
In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPRx register value is
constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair
value. When a match occurs, the CCPx module may:
• Toggle the CCPx output
• Set the CCPx output
Note:
Clocking Timer1 from the system clock
(FOSC) should not be used in Compare
mode. For the Compare operation of the
TMR1 register to the CCPRx register to
occur, Timer1 must be clocked from the
Instruction Clock (FOSC/4) or from an
external clock source.
• Clear the CCPx output
• Generate a Special Event Trigger
• Generate a Software Interrupt
The action on the pin is based on the value of the
CCPxM<3:0> control bits of the CCPxCON register.
All Compare modes can generate an interrupt.
15.2.3
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
When Software Interrupt mode is chosen
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010), the CCPxIF bit in the PIRx
register is set and the CCPx module does not assert
control of the CCPx pin (refer to the CCPxCON
register).
FIGURE 15-2:
COMPARE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK
DIAGRAM
CCPxCON<3:0>
Mode Select
15.2.4
SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
Set CCPxIF Interrupt Flag
(PIRx)
When Special Event Trigger mode is chosen
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), the CCPx module does the
following:
4
CCPRxH CCPRxL
Comparator
CCPx
Q
S
R
Output
Logic
• Resets Timer1
Match
• Starts an ADC conversion if ADC is enabled
(CCP2 only)
TMR1H TMR1L
TRIS
Output Enable
The CCPx module does not assert control of the CCPx
pin in this mode (refer to the CCPxCON register).
Special Event Trigger
Special Event Trigger will:
The Special Event Trigger output of the CCP occurs
immediately upon a match between the TMR1H,
TMR1L register pair and the CCPRxH, CCPRxL
register pair. The TMR1H, TMR1L register pair is not
reset until the next rising edge of the Timer1 clock. This
allows the CCPRxH, CCPRxL register pair to
effectively provide a 16-bit programmable period
register for Timer1.
•
•
•
Clear TMR1H and TMR1L registers.
NOT set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF of the PIR1 register.
Set the GO/DONE bit to start the ADC conversion
(CCP2 only).
15.2.1
CCPx PIN CONFIGURATION
The user must configure the CCPx pin as an output by
clearing the associated TRIS bit.
Note 1: The Special Event Trigger from the CCP
module does not set interrupt flag bit
TMR1IF of the PIR1 register.
Either RC1 or RB3 can be selected as the CCP2 pin.
Refer to Section 6.1 “Alternate Pin Function” for
more information.
2: Removing the match condition by
changing the contents of the CCPRxH
and CCPRxL register pair, between the
clock edge that generates the Special
Event Trigger and the clock edge that
generates the Timer1 Reset, will preclude
the Reset from occurring.
Note:
Clearing the CCPxCON register will force
the CCPx compare output latch to the
default low level. This is not the PORT I/O
data latch.
15.2.5
COMPARE DURING SLEEP
The Compare Mode is dependent upon the system
clock (FOSC) for proper operation. Since FOSC is shut
down during Sleep mode, the Compare mode will not
function properly during Sleep.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 139
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 15-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARE
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ADCON0
ANSELB
APFCON
CCP1CON
CCP2CON
CCPRxL
CCPRxH
INTCON
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
CHS3
ANSB5
—
CHS2
ANSB4
—
CHS1
ANSB3
—
CHS0
ANSB2
—
GO/DONE
ANSB1
ADON
--00 0000
--11 1111
--00 0000
--11 1111
---- --00
--00 0000
--00 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000 000x
ANSB0
SSSEL
CCP2SEL ---- --00
DC1B1
DC2B1
DC1B0
DC2B0
CCP1M3
CCP2M3
CCP1M2
CCP2M2
CCP1M1
CCP2M1
CCP1M0
CCP2M0
--00 0000
--00 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 000x
Capture/Compare/PWM Register X Low Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register X High Byte
GIE
PEIE
T0IE
INTE
RBIE
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
PIE1
PIE2
TMR1GIE
—
ADIE
—
RCIE
—
TXIE
—
SSPIE
—
CCP1IE
—
TMR2IE
—
TMR1IE
CCP2IE
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 0000
---- ---0
PIR1
TMR1GIF
—
ADIF
—
RCIF
—
TXIF
—
SSPIF
—
CCP1IF
—
TMR2IF
—
TMR1IF
CCP2IF
TMR1ON
T1GSS0
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 00-0
0000 0x00
0000 0000
---- ---0
uuuu uu-u
0000 0x00
PIR2
TMR1CS1 TMR1CS0 T1CKPS1
TMR1GE T1GPOL T1GTM
T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN
T1SYNC
T1GVAL
—
T1CON
T1GCON
T1GSPM
T1GGO/
DONE
T1GSS1
TMR1L
TMR1H
TRISB
TRISC
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
1111 1111
1111 1111
TRISB7
TRISC7
TRISB6
TRISC6
TRISB5
TRISC5
TRISB4
TRISC4
TRISB3
TRISC3
TRISB2
TRISC2
TRISB1
TRISC1
TRISB0
TRISC0
Legend: -= Unimplemented locations, read as ‘0’, u= unchanged, x= unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Compare.
DS41341E-page 140
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The PWM output (Figure 15-4) has a time base
(period) and a time that the output stays high (duty
cycle).
15.3 PWM Mode
The PWM mode generates a Pulse-Width Modulated
signal on the CCPx pin. The duty cycle, period and
resolution are determined by the following registers:
FIGURE 15-4:
CCP PWM OUTPUT
• PR2
Period
• T2CON
• CCPRxL
• CCPxCON
Pulse Width
TMR2 = PR2
TMR2 = CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>
In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCP
module produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output
on the CCPx pin.
TMR2 = 0
Figure 15-3 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM
operation.
15.3.1
CCPX PIN CONFIGURATION
In PWM mode, the CCPx pin is multiplexed with the
PORT data latch. The user must configure the CCPx
pin as an output by clearing the associated TRIS bit.
Figure 15-4 shows a typical waveform of the PWM
signal.
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up the CCP
module for PWM operation, refer to Section 15.3.8
“Setup for PWM Operation”.
Either RC1 or RB3 can be selected as the CCP2 pin.
Refer to Section 6.1 “Alternate Pin Function” for
more information.
FIGURE 15-3:
SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK
DIAGRAM
Note:
Clearing the CCPxCON register will
relinquish CCPx control of the CCPx pin.
CCPxCON<5:4>
Duty Cycle Registers
CCPRxL
CCPRxH(2) (Slave)
CCPx
R
S
Q
Comparator
(1)
TMR2
TRIS
Comparator
PR2
Clear Timer2,
toggle CCPx pin and
latch duty cycle
Note 1: The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated
with the 2-bit internal system clock (FOSC), or
2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit time
base.
2: In PWM mode, CCPRxH is a read-only register.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 141
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
15.3.2
PWM PERIOD
EQUATION 15-2: PULSE WIDTH
The PWM period is specified by the PR2 register of
Timer2. The PWM period can be calculated using the
formula of Equation 15-1.
Pulse Width = (CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>) •
TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)
EQUATION 15-1: PWM PERIOD
Note: TOSC = 1/FOSC
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
EQUATION 15-3: DUTY CYCLE RATIO
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
(CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>)
Duty Cycle Ratio = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
4(PR2 + 1)
Note:
TOSC = 1/FOSC
When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events
occur on the next increment cycle:
The CCPRxH register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double buffer the PWM duty cycle. This double
buffering is essential for glitchless PWM operation.
• TMR2 is cleared
• The CCPx pin is set. (Exception: If the PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the pin will not be set.)
The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with
either the 2-bit internal system clock (FOSC), or 2 bits of
the prescaler, to create the 10-bit time base. The system
clock is used if the Timer2 prescaler is set to 1:1.
• The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPRxL into
CCPRxH.
When the 10-bit time base matches the CCPRxH and
2-bit latch, then the CCPx pin is cleared (refer to
Figure 15-3).
Note:
The
Timer2
postscaler
(refer
to
Section 13.1 “Timer2 Operation”) is not
used in the determination of the PWM
frequency.
15.3.3
PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing a 10-bit value
to multiple registers: CCPRxL register and DCxB<1:0>
bits of the CCPxCON register. The CCPRxL contains
the eight MSbs and the DCxB<1:0> bits of the
CCPxCON register contain the two LSbs. CCPRxL and
DCxB<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register can be written
to at any time. The duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPRxH until after the period completes (i.e., a match
between PR2 and TMR2 registers occurs). While using
the PWM, the CCPRxH register is read-only.
Equation 15-2 is used to calculate the PWM pulse
width.
Equation 15-3 is used to calculate the PWM duty cycle
ratio.
DS41341E-page 142
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
15.3.4
PWM RESOLUTION
EQUATION 15-4: PWM RESOLUTION
The resolution determines the number of available duty
cycles for a given period. For example, a 10-bit resolution
will result in 1024 discrete duty cycles, whereas an 8-bit
resolution will result in 256 discrete duty cycles.
log[4(PR2 + 1)]
Resolution = ----------------------------------------- bits
log(2)
The maximum PWM resolution is 10 bits when PR2 is
255. The resolution is a function of the PR2 register
value as shown by Equation 15-4.
Note:
If the pulse width value is greater than the
period the assigned PWM pin(s) will
remain unchanged.
TABLE 15-5: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 20 MHz)
PWM Frequency
1.22 kHz
4.88 kHz
19.53 kHz
78.12 kHz
156.3 kHz
208.3 kHz
Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16)
PR2 Value
16
0xFF
10
4
1
1
0x3F
8
1
0x1F
7
1
0xFF
10
0xFF
10
0x17
6.6
Maximum Resolution (bits)
TABLE 15-6: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 8 MHz)
PWM Frequency
1.22 kHz
4.90 kHz
19.61 kHz
76.92 kHz
153.85 kHz 200.0 kHz
Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16)
PR2 Value
16
0x65
8
4
0x65
8
1
0x65
8
1
0x19
6
1
0x0C
5
1
0x09
5
Maximum Resolution (bits)
15.3.5
OPERATION IN SLEEP MODE
15.3.8
SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
In Sleep mode, the TMR2 register will not increment
and the state of the module will not change. If the CCPx
pin is driving a value, it will continue to drive that value.
When the device wakes up, TMR2 will continue from its
previous state.
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the CCP module for PWM operation:
1. Disable the PWM pin (CCPx) output driver(s) by
setting the associated TRIS bit(s).
2. Load the PR2 register with the PWM period value.
3. Configure the CCP module for the PWM mode
by loading the CCPxCON register with the
appropriate values.
15.3.6
CHANGES IN SYSTEM CLOCK
FREQUENCY
The PWM frequency is derived from the system clock
frequency (FOSC). Any changes in the system clock fre-
quency will result in changes to the PWM frequency.
Refer to Section 7.0 “Oscillator Module” for
additional details.
4. Load the CCPRxL register and the DCxBx bits of
the CCPxCON register, with the PWM duty cycle
value.
5. Configure and start Timer2:
•
•
•
Clear the TMR2IF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1
register. See Note below.
15.3.7
EFFECTS OF RESET
Configure the T2CKPS bits of the T2CON
register with the Timer2 prescale value.
Any Reset will force all ports to Input mode and the
CCP registers to their Reset states.
Enable Timer2 by setting the TMR2ON bit of
the T2CON register.
6. Enable PWM output pin:
•
Wait until Timer2 overflows, TMR2IF bit of the
PIR1 register is set. See Note below.
•
Enable the PWM pin (CCPx) output driver(s) by
clearing the associated TRIS bit(s).
Note:
In order to send a complete duty cycle and
period on the first PWM output, the above
steps must be included in the setup
sequence. If it is not critical to start with a
complete PWM signal on the first output,
then step 6 may be ignored.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 143
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 15-7: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ANSELB
APFCON
CCP1CON
CCP2CON
CCPRxL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ANSB5
—
ANSB4
—
ANSB3
—
ANSB2
—
ANSB1
SSSEL
ANSB0
--11 1111
--11 1111
---- --00
--00 0000
--00 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
CCP2SEL ---- --00
DC1B1
DC2B1
DC1B0
DC2B0
CCP1M3
CCP2M3
CCP1M2
CCP2M2
CCP1M1
CCP2M1
CCP1M0
CCP2M0
--00 0000
--00 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
Capture/Compare/PWM Register X Low Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register X High Byte
Timer2 Period Register
CCPRxH
PR2
1111 1111
-000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
-000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
T2CON
TMR2
TRISB
—
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
Timer2 Module Register
TRISB7
TRISC7
TRISB6
TRISC6
TRISB5
TRISC5
TRISB4
TRISC4
TRISB3
TRISC3
TRISB2
TRISC2
TRISB1
TRISC1
TRISB0
TRISC0
TRISC
1111 1111
Legend: -= Unimplemented locations, read as ‘0’, u= unchanged, x= unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the PWM.
DS41341E-page 144
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The AUSART module includes the following capabilities:
16.0 ADDRESSABLE UNIVERSAL
SYNCHRONOUS
• Full-duplex asynchronous transmit and receive
• Two-character input buffer
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER (AUSART)
• One-character output buffer
• Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length
• Address detection in 9-bit mode
• Input buffer overrun error detection
• Received character framing error detection
• Half-duplex synchronous master
• Half-duplex synchronous slave
• Sleep operation
The
Addressable
Universal
Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (AUSART)
module is a serial I/O communications peripheral. It
contains all the clock generators, shift registers and
data buffers necessary to perform an input or output
serial data transfer independent of device program
execution. The AUSART, also known as a Serial
Communications Interface (SCI), can be configured as
a full-duplex asynchronous system or half-duplex
synchronous system. Full-Duplex mode is useful for
communications with peripheral systems, such as CRT
terminals and personal computers. Half-Duplex
Synchronous mode is intended for communications
with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated
circuits, serial EEPROMs or other microcontrollers.
These devices typically do not have internal clocks for
baud rate generation and require the external clock
signal provided by a master synchronous device.
Block diagrams of the AUSART transmitter and
receiver are shown in Figure 16-1 and Figure 16-2.
FIGURE 16-1:
AUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data Bus
TXIE
Interrupt
TXIF
TXREG Register
8
TX/CK
MSb
(8)
LSb
0
Pin Buffer
and Control
• • •
Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
TXEN
TRMT
SPEN
Baud Rate Generator
FOSC
÷ n
TX9
n
+ 1
Multiplier x4 x16 x64
TX9D
SYNC
BRGH
1
x
0
1
0
0
SPBRG
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 145
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 16-2:
AUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
SPEN
CREN
OERR
RX/DT
RSR Register
MSb
Stop (8)
LSb
Pin Buffer
and Control
Data
Recovery
7
1
0
START
• • •
Baud Rate Generator
FOSC
RX9
÷ n
n
+ 1
Multiplier x4 x16 x64
SYNC
BRGH
1
x
0
1
0
0
FIFO
SPBRG
RX9D
FERR
RCREG Register
8
Data Bus
RCIF
RCIE
Interrupt
The operation of the AUSART module is controlled
through two registers:
• Transmit Status and Control (TXSTA)
• Receive Status and Control (RCSTA)
These registers are detailed in Register 16-1 and
Register 16-2, respectively.
DS41341E-page 146
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.1 AUSART Asynchronous Mode
Note 1: When the SPEN bit is set the RX/DT I/O pin
is automatically configured as an input,
regardless of the state of the corresponding
TRIS bit and whether or not the AUSART
receiver is enabled. The RX/DT pin data
can be read via a normal PORT read but
PORT latch data output is precluded.
The AUSART transmits and receives data using the
standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format. NRZ is
implemented with two levels: a VOH mark state which
represents a ‘1’ data bit, and a VOL space state which
represents a ‘0’ data bit. NRZ refers to the fact that
consecutively transmitted data bits of the same value
stay at the output level of that bit without returning to a
neutral level between each bit transmission. An NRZ
transmission port idles in the mark state. Each character
transmission consists of one Start bit followed by eight
or nine data bits and is always terminated by one or
more Stop bits. The Start bit is always a space and the
Stop bits are always marks. The most common data
format is 8 bits. Each transmitted bit persists for a period
of 1/(Baud Rate). An on-chip dedicated 8-bit Baud Rate
Generator is used to derive standard baud rate
frequencies from the system oscillator. Refer to
Table 16-5 for examples of baud rate configurations.
2: The TXIF transmitter interrupt flag is set
when the TXEN enable bit is set.
16.1.1.2
Transmitting Data
A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the
TXREG register. If this is the first character, or the
previous character has been completely flushed from
the TSR, the data in the TXREG is immediately
transferred to the TSR register. If the TSR still contains
all or part of a previous character, the new character
data is held in the TXREG until the Stop bit of the
previous character has been transmitted. The pending
character in the TXREG is then transferred to the TSR
in one TCY immediately following the Stop bit
transmission. The transmission of the Start bit, data bits
and Stop bit sequence commences immediately
following the transfer of the data to the TSR from the
TXREG.
The AUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The
AUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally
independent, but share the same data format and baud
rate. Parity is not supported by the hardware, but can
be implemented in software and stored as the ninth
data bit.
16.1.1
AUSART ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER
16.1.1.3
Transmit Interrupt Flag
The AUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 16-1. The heart of the transmitter is the serial
Transmit Shift Register (TSR), which is not directly
accessible by software. The TSR obtains its data from
the transmit buffer, which is the TXREG register.
The TXIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set
whenever the AUSART transmitter is enabled and no
character is being held for transmission in the TXREG.
In other words, the TXIF bit is only clear when the TSR
is busy with a character and a new character has been
queued for transmission in the TXREG. The TXIF flag
bit is not cleared immediately upon writing TXREG.
TXIF becomes valid in the second instruction cycle
following the write execution. Polling TXIF immediately
following the TXREG write will return invalid results. The
TXIF bit is read-only, it cannot be set or cleared by
software.
16.1.1.1
Enabling the Transmitter
The AUSART transmitter is enabled for asynchronous
operations by configuring the following three control
bits:
• TXEN = 1
• SYNC = 0
• SPEN = 1
The TXIF interrupt can be enabled by setting the TXIE
interrupt enable bit of the PIE1 register. However, the
TXIF flag bit will be set whenever the TXREG is empty,
regardless of the state of TXIE enable bit.
All other AUSART control bits are assumed to be in
their default state.
Setting the TXEN bit of the TXSTA register enables the
transmitter circuitry of the AUSART. Clearing the SYNC
bit of the TXSTA register configures the AUSART for
asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the
RCSTA register enables the AUSART and
automatically configures the TX/CK I/O pin as an output.
To use interrupts when transmitting data, set the TXIE
bit only when there is more data to send. Clear the
TXIE interrupt enable bit upon writing the last character
of the transmission to the TXREG.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 147
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.1.1.4
TSR Status
16.1.1.6
Asynchronous Transmission Set-up:
The TRMT bit of the TXSTA register indicates the
status of the TSR register. This is a read-only bit. The
TRMT bit is set when the TSR register is empty and is
cleared when a character is transferred to the TSR
register from the TXREG. The TRMT bit remains clear
until all bits have been shifted out of the TSR register.
No interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so the user has to
poll this bit to determine the TSR status.
1. Initialize the SPBRG register and the BRGH bit to
achieve the desired baud rate (Refer to
Section 16.2 “AUSART Baud Rate Generator
(BRG)”).
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
the SYNC bit and setting the SPEN bit.
3. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 con-
trol bit. A set ninth data bit will indicate that the 8
Least Significant data bits are an address when
the receiver is set for address detection.
Note:
The TSR register is not mapped in data
memory, so it is not available to the user.
4. Enable the transmission by setting the TXEN
control bit. This will cause the TXIF interrupt bit
to be set.
16.1.1.5
Transmitting 9-Bit Characters
The AUSART supports 9-bit character transmissions.
When the TX9 bit of the TXSTA register is set the
AUSART will shift 9 bits out for each character transmit-
ted. The TX9D bit of the TXSTA register is the ninth,
and Most Significant, data bit. When transmitting 9-bit
data, the TX9D data bit must be written before writing
the 8 Least Significant bits into the TXREG. All nine bits
of data will be transferred to the TSR shift register
immediately after the TXREG is written.
5. If interrupts are desired, set the TXIE interrupt
enable bit of the PIE1 register. An interrupt will
occur immediately provided that the GIE and
PEIE bits of the INTCON register are also set.
6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded into the TX9D data bit.
7. Load 8-bit data into the TXREG register. This
will start the transmission.
A special 9-bit Address mode is available for use with
multiple receivers. Refer to Section 16.1.2.7 “Address
Detection” for more information on the Address mode.
FIGURE 16-3:
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Write to TXREG
Word 1
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TX/CK pin
Start bit
bit 0
bit 1
Word 1
bit 7/8
Stop bit
TXIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Empty Flag)
1 TCY
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
FIGURE 16-4:
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (BACK-TO-BACK)
Write to TXREG
Word 2
Start bit
Word 1
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TX/CK pin
Start bit
Word 2
bit 0
bit 1
bit 7/8
bit 0
Stop bit
TXIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Empty Flag)
1 TCY
Word 1
1 TCY
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg.
Word 2
Transmit Shift Reg.
Note:
This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.
DS41341E-page 148
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 16-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
RX9
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
SREN
BRG5
INTE
TXIE
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
ADDEN
BRG3
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
SPEN
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
PIR1
TXIF
RCSTA
SPBRG
TRISC
TXREG
TXSTA
Legend:
CREN
BRG4
FERR
BRG2
OERR
BRG1
RX9D
BRG0
0000 000x 0000 000x
0000 0000 0000 0000
BRG7
BRG6
TRISC7
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
AUSART Transmit Data Register
CSRC TX9 TXEN
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 -010 0000 -010
SYNC
—
BRGH
TRMT
TX9D
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Asynchronous Transmission.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 149
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.1.2
AUSART ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER
16.1.2.2
Receiving Data
The receiver data recovery circuit initiates character
reception on the falling edge of the first bit. The first bit,
also known as the Start bit, is always a zero. The data
recovery circuit counts one-half bit time to the center of
the Start bit and verifies that the bit is still a zero. If it is
not a zero then the data recovery circuit aborts
character reception, without generating an error, and
resumes looking for the falling edge of the Start bit. If
the Start bit zero verification succeeds then the data
recovery circuit counts a full bit time to the center of the
next bit. The bit is then sampled by a majority detect
circuit and the resulting ‘0’ or ‘1’ is shifted into the RSR.
This repeats until all data bits have been sampled and
shifted into the RSR. One final bit time is measured and
the level sampled. This is the Stop bit, which is always
a ‘1’. If the data recovery circuit samples a ‘0’ in the
Stop bit position then a framing error is set for this
character, otherwise the framing error is cleared for this
character. Refer to Section 16.1.2.4 “Receive
Framing Error” for more information on framing
errors.
The Asynchronous mode is typically used in RS-232
systems. The receiver block diagram is shown in
Figure 16-2. The data is received on the RX/DT pin and
drives the data recovery block. The data recovery block
is actually a high-speed shifter operating at 16 times
the baud rate, whereas the serial Receive Shift
Register (RSR) operates at the bit rate. When all 8 or 9
bits of the character have been shifted in, they are
immediately transferred to a two character First-In
First-Out (FIFO) memory. The FIFO buffering allows
reception of two complete characters and the start of a
third character before software must start servicing the
AUSART receiver. The FIFO and RSR registers are not
directly accessible by software. Access to the received
data is via the RCREG register.
16.1.2.1
Enabling the Receiver
The AUSART receiver is enabled for asynchronous
operation by configuring the following three control bits:
• CREN = 1
• SYNC = 0
• SPEN = 1
Immediately after all data bits and the Stop bit have
been received, the character in the RSR is transferred
to the AUSART receive FIFO and the RCIF interrupt
flag bit of the PIR1 register is set. The top character in
the FIFO is transferred out of the FIFO by reading the
RCREG register.
All other AUSART control bits are assumed to be in
their default state.
Setting the CREN bit of the RCSTA register enables the
receiver circuitry of the AUSART. Clearing the SYNC bit
of the TXSTA register configures the AUSART for
asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the
RCSTA register enables the AUSART and
automatically configures the RX/DT I/O pin as an input.
Note:
If the receive FIFO is overrun, no additional
characters will be received until the overrun
condition
is
cleared.
Refer
to
Section 16.1.2.5
“Receive
Overrun
Error” for more information on overrun
errors.
Note:
When the SPEN bit is set the TX/CK I/O
pin is automatically configured as an
output, regardless of the state of the
corresponding TRIS bit and whether or not
the AUSART transmitter is enabled. The
PORT latch is disconnected from the
output driver so it is not possible to use the
TX/CK pin as a general purpose output.
16.1.2.3
Receive Interrupts
The RCIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set
whenever the AUSART receiver is enabled and there is
an unread character in the receive FIFO. The RCIF
interrupt flag bit is read-only, it cannot be set or cleared
by software.
RCIF interrupts are enabled by setting all of the
following bits:
• RCIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1 register
• PEIE peripheral interrupt enable bit of the
INTCON register
• GIE global interrupt enable bit of the INTCON
register
The RCIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register will be
set when there is an unread character in the FIFO,
regardless of the state of interrupt enable bits.
DS41341E-page 150
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.1.2.4
Receive Framing Error
16.1.2.7
Address Detection
Each character in the receive FIFO buffer has a
corresponding framing error Status bit. A framing error
indicates that a Stop bit was not seen at the expected
time. The framing error status is accessed via the
FERR bit of the RCSTA register. The FERR bit
represents the status of the top unread character in the
receive FIFO. Therefore, the FERR bit must be read
before reading the RCREG.
A special Address Detection mode is available for use
when multiple receivers share the same transmission
line, such as in RS-485 systems. Address detection is
enabled by setting the ADDEN bit of the RCSTA
register.
Address detection requires 9-bit character reception.
When address detection is enabled, only characters
with the ninth data bit set will be transferred to the
receive FIFO buffer, thereby setting the RCIF interrupt
bit of the PIR1 register. All other characters will be
ignored.
The FERR bit is read-only and only applies to the top
unread character in the receive FIFO. A framing error
(FERR = 1) does not preclude reception of additional
characters. It is not necessary to clear the FERR bit.
Reading the next character from the FIFO buffer will
advance the FIFO to the next character and the next
corresponding framing error.
Upon receiving an address character, user software
determines if the address matches its own. Upon
address match, user software must disable address
detection by clearing the ADDEN bit before the next
Stop bit occurs. When user software detects the end of
the message, determined by the message protocol
used, software places the receiver back into the
Address Detection mode by setting the ADDEN bit.
The FERR bit can be forced clear by clearing the SPEN
bit of the RCSTA register which resets the AUSART.
Clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register does not
affect the FERR bit. A framing error by itself does not
generate an interrupt.
Note:
If all receive characters in the receive
FIFO have framing errors, repeated reads
of the RCREG will not clear the FERR bit.
16.1.2.5
Receive Overrun Error
The receive FIFO buffer can hold two characters. An
overrun error will be generated if a third character, in its
entirety, is received before the FIFO is accessed. When
this happens the OERR bit of the RCSTA register is
set. The characters already in the FIFO buffer can be
read but no additional characters will be received until
the error is cleared. The error must be cleared by either
clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register or by
setting the AUSART by clearing the SPEN bit of the
RCSTA register.
16.1.2.6
Receiving 9-bit Characters
The AUSART supports 9-bit character reception. When
the RX9 bit of the RCSTA register is set the AUSART
will shift 9 bits into the RSR for each character
received. The RX9D bit of the RCSTA register is the
ninth and Most Significant data bit of the top unread
character in the receive FIFO. When reading 9-bit data
from the receive FIFO buffer, the RX9D data bit must
be read before reading the 8 Least Significant bits from
the RCREG.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 151
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.1.2.8
Asynchronous Reception Set-up:
16.1.2.9
9-bit Address Detection Mode Set-up
1. Initialize the SPBRG register and the BRGH bit
to achieve the desired baud rate (refer to
Section 16.2 “AUSART Baud Rate Generator
(BRG)”).
This mode would typically be used in RS-485 systems.
To set up an Asynchronous Reception with Address
Detect Enable:
1. Initialize the SPBRG register and the BRGH bit
to achieve the desired baud rate (refer to
Section 16.2 “AUSART Baud Rate Generator
(BRG)”).
2. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit.
The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous
operation.
3. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the GIE and PEIE bits of the
INTCON register.
2. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit.
The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous
operation.
4. If 9-bit reception is desired, set the RX9 bit.
5. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit.
3. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the GIE and PEIE bits of the
INTCON register.
6. The RCIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register
will be set when a character is transferred from
the RSR to the receive buffer. An interrupt will be
generated if the RCIE bit of the PIE1 register
was also set.
4. Enable 9-bit reception by setting the RX9 bit.
5. Enable address detection by setting the ADDEN
bit.
6. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit.
7. Read the RCSTA register to get the error flags
and, if 9-bit data reception is enabled, the ninth
data bit.
7. The RCIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register
will be set when a character with the ninth bit set
is transferred from the RSR to the receive buffer.
An interrupt will be generated if the RCIE inter-
rupt enable bit of the PIE1 register was also set.
8. Get the received 8 Least Significant data bits
from the receive buffer by reading the RCREG
register.
8. Read the RCSTA register to get the error flags.
The ninth data bit will always be set.
9. If an overrun occurred, clear the OERR flag by
clearing the CREN receiver enable bit.
9. Get the received 8 Least Significant data bits
from the receive buffer by reading the RCREG
register. Software determines if this is the
device’s address.
10. If an overrun occurred, clear the OERR flag by
clearing the CREN receiver enable bit.
11. If the device has been addressed, clear the
ADDEN bit to allow all received data into the
receive buffer and generate interrupts.
FIGURE 16-5:
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Start
bit
Start
bit
Start
bit
RX/DT pin
bit 7/8
bit 7/8
bit 0 bit 1
Stop
bit
Stop
bit
Stop
bit
bit 0
bit 7/8
Rcv Shift
Reg
Rcv Buffer Reg
Word 2
RCREG
Word 1
RCREG
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREG
RCIF
(Interrupt Flag)
OERR bit
CREN
Note:
This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (receive buffer) is read after the third word,
causing the OERR (overrun) bit to be set.
DS41341E-page 152
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 16-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
INTE
TXIE
TXIF
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
PIR1
RCREG
RCSTA
SPBRG
TRISC
TXSTA
Legend:
AUSART Receive Data Register
SPEN
BRG7
RX9
SREN
BRG5
CREN
BRG4
ADDEN
BRG3
FERR
BRG2
OERR
BRG1
RX9D
BRG0
0000 000x 0000 000x
0000 0000 0000 0000
BRG6
TRISC7
CSRC
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
TX9 TXEN SYNC BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
—
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Asynchronous Reception.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 153
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 16-1: TXSTA: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
CSRC
R/W-0
TX9
R/W-0
TXEN(1)
R/W-0
SYNC
U-0
—
R/W-0
BRGH
R-1
R/W-0
TX9D
TRMT
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
CSRC: Clock Source Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care
Synchronous mode:
1= Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG)
0= Slave mode (clock from external source)
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
TX9: 9-bit Transmit Enable bit
1= Selects 9-bit transmission
0= Selects 8-bit transmission
TXEN: Transmit Enable bit(1)
1= Transmit enabled
0= Transmit disabled
SYNC: AUSART Mode Select bit
1= Synchronous mode
0= Asynchronous mode
bit 3
bit 2
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= High speed
0= Low speed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode
bit 1
bit 0
TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit
1= TSR empty
0= TSR full
TX9D: Ninth bit of Transmit Data
Can be address/data bit or a parity bit.
Note 1: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Synchronous mode.
DS41341E-page 154
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 16-2: RCSTA: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
SPEN
R/W-0
RX9
R/W-0
SREN
R/W-0
CREN
R/W-0
R-0
R-0
R-x
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit(1)
1= Serial port enabled (configures RX/DT and TX/CK pins as serial port pins)
0= Serial port disabled (held in Reset)
RX9: 9-bit Receive Enable bit
1= Selects 9-bit reception
0= Selects 8-bit reception
SREN: Single Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care
Synchronous mode – Master:
1= Enables single receive
0= Disables single receive
This bit is cleared after reception is complete.
Synchronous mode – Slave:
Don’t care
bit 4
CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= Enables receiver
0= Disables receiver
Synchronous mode:
1= Enables continuous receive until enable bit CREN is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)
0= Disables continuous receive
bit 3
ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit
Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1):
1= Enables address detection, enable interrupt and load the receive buffer when RSR<8> is set
0= Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit
Asynchronous mode 8-bit (RX9 = 0):
Don’t care
Synchronous mode:
Must be set to ‘0’
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
FERR: Framing Error bit
1= Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREG register and receive next valid byte)
0= No framing error
OERR: Overrun Error bit
1= Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit CREN)
0= No overrun error
RX9D: Ninth bit of Received Data
This can be address/data bit or a parity bit and must be calculated by user firmware.
Note 1: The AUSART module automatically changes the pin from tri-state to drive as needed. Configure
TRISx = 1.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 155
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
EXAMPLE 16-1:
CALCULATING BAUD
RATE ERROR
16.2 AUSART Baud Rate Generator
(BRG)
For a device with FOSC of 16 MHz, desired baud rate of
9600, and Asynchronous mode with SYNC = 0and BRGH
= 0(as seen in Table 16-3):
The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is an 8-bit timer that
is dedicated to the support of both the asynchronous
and synchronous AUSART operation.
FOSC
Desired Baud Rate = ---------------------------------------
64(SPBRG + 1)
The SPBRG register determines the period of the free
running baud rate timer. In Asynchronous mode the
multiplier of the baud rate period is determined by the
BRGH bit of the TXSTA register. In Synchronous mode,
the BRGH bit is ignored.
Solving for SPBRG:
FOSC
⎛
⎝
⎞
⎠
--------------------------------------------------------
SPBRG =
=
– 1
Table 16-3 contains the formulas for determining the
baud rate. Example 16-1 provides a sample calculation
for determining the baud rate and baud rate error.
64(Desired Baud Rate)
16000000
64(9600)
⎛
⎝
⎞
------------------------
– 1
⎠
Typical baud rates and error values for various
asynchronous modes have been computed for your
convenience and are shown in Table 16-3. It may be
advantageous to use the high baud rate (BRGH = 1), to
reduce the baud rate error.
= [25.042] = 25
16000000
Actual Baud Rate = --------------------------
64(25 + 1)
= 9615
Writing a new value to the SPBRG register causes the
BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This ensures that
the BRG does not wait for a timer overflow before
outputting the new baud rate.
Actual Baud Rate – Desired Baud Rate
⎛
⎞
% Error = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
⎝
⎠
Desired Baud Rate
9615 – 9600
⎛
⎝
⎞
-----------------------------
=
100 = 0.16%
⎠
9600
TABLE 16-3: BAUD RATE FORMULAS
Configuration Bits
AUSART Mode
Baud Rate Formula
SYNC
BRGH
0
0
1
0
1
x
Asynchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
FOSC/[64 (n+1)]
FOSC/[16 (n+1)]
FOSC/[4 (n+1)]
Legend:
x= Don’t care, n = value of SPBRG register
TABLE 16-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BAUD RATE GENERATOR
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
RCSTA
SPBRG
TXSTA
SPEN
BRG7
CSRC
RX9
BRG6
TX9
SREN
BRG5
TXEN
CREN
BRG4
SYNC
ADDEN
BRG3
—
FERR
BRG2
BRGH
OERR
BRG1
TRMT
RX9D
BRG0
TX9D
0000 000x 0000 000x
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 -010 0000 -010
Legend:
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for the Baud Rate Generator.
DS41341E-page 156
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0
FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 16.0000 MHz
FOSC = 20.000 MHz
FOSC = 11.0592 MHz
BAUD
RATE
SPBRG
SPBRG
value
SPBRG
value
SPBRG
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Error
Actual
Rate
%
Error
Actual
Rate
%
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
Error
Error
(decimal)
(decimal)
—
1201
2403
9615
10416
19.23k
—
—
0.08
0.16
0.16
-0.01
0.16
—
—
207
103
25
300
1200
—
—
—
255
129
32
—
—
—
239
119
29
—
—
—
143
71
17
16
8
1221
2404
9470
10417
19.53k
1.73
0.16
-1.36
0.00
1.73
1200
2400
9600
10286
19.20k
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.26
0.00
0.00
—
1200
2400
9600
10165
19.20k
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.42
0.00
0.00
—
2400
9600
10417
19.2k
57.6k
115.2k
29
27
23
15
14
12
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
57.60k
—
7
57.60k
—
—
—
—
—
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0
FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz
FOSC = 8.000 MHz
FOSC = 1.000 MHz
BAUD
RATE
SPBRG
SPBRG
SPBRG
SPBRG
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
Error
Error
Error
Error
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
300
1200
—
1202
2404
9615
10417
—
—
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.00
—
—
103
51
12
11
300
1202
2404
—
0.16
0.16
0.16
—
207
51
25
—
5
300
1200
2400
9600
—
191
47
23
5
300
1202
—
0.16
0.16
—
51
12
—
—
—
—
—
—
2400
9600
—
—
10417
19.2k
57.6k
115.2k
10417
—
0.00
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
19.20k
0.00
0.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
—
—
57.60k
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1
FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 16.0000 MHz
FOSC = 20.000 MHz
FOSC = 11.0592 MHz
BAUD
RATE
SPBRG
SPBRG
SPBRG
SPBRG
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
Error
Error
Error
Error
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
300
1200
2400
9600
10417
19.2k
57.6k
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
71
65
35
11
5
9615
10417
19.23k
56.82k
0.16
0.00
0.16
-1.36
129
119
64
9600
10378
19.20k
57.60k
115.2k
0.00
-0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
119
110
59
19
9
9615
10417
19.23k
58.8k
—
0.16
0.00
0.16
2.12
—
103
95
51
16
—
9600
0.00
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
10473
19.20k
57.60k
115.2k
21
115.2k 113.64k -1.36
10
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 157
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1
FOSC = 8.000 MHz
FOSC = 4.000 MHz
FOSC = 3.6864 MHz
FOSC = 1.000 MHz
BAUD
RATE
SPBRG
SPBRG
SPBRG
SPBRG
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
Actual
Rate
%
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
value
(decimal)
Error
Error
Error
Error
—
—
—
—
—
—
300
1200
—
1202
2404
9615
10417
19.23k
—
—
—
207
103
25
—
—
—
191
95
23
21
11
3
300
1202
2404
—
0.16
0.16
0.16
—
207
51
25
—
5
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.16
—
1200
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
2400
2404
9615
10417
19231
55556
—
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.16
-3.55
—
207
51
47
25
8
2400
9600
9600
10417
19.2k
57.6k
115.2k
23
10473
19.2k
57.60k
115.2k
10417
—
0.00
—
12
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
—
DS41341E-page 158
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.3.1.2
Synchronous Master Transmission
16.3 AUSART Synchronous Mode
Data is transferred out of the device on the RX/DT pin.
The RX/DT and TX/CK pin output drivers are automat-
ically enabled when the AUSART is configured for
synchronous master transmit operation.
Synchronous serial communications are typically used
in systems with a single master and one or more
slaves. The master device contains the necessary cir-
cuitry for baud rate generation and supplies the clock
for all devices in the system. Slave devices can take
advantage of the master clock by eliminating the
internal clock generation circuitry.
A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the
TXREG register. If the TSR still contains all or part of a
previous character, the new character data is held in
the TXREG until the last bit of the previous character
has been transmitted. If this is the first character, or the
previous character has been completely flushed from
the TSR, the data in the TXREG is immediately trans-
ferred to the TSR. The transmission of the character
commences immediately following the transfer of the
data to the TSR from the TXREG.
There are two signal lines in Synchronous mode: a
bidirectional data line and a clock line. Slaves use the
external clock supplied by the master to shift the serial
data into and out of their respective receive and trans-
mit shift registers. Since the data line is bidirectional,
synchronous operation is half-duplex only. Half-duplex
refers to the fact that master and slave devices can
receive and transmit data but not both simultaneously.
The AUSART can operate as either a master or slave
device.
Each data bit changes on the leading edge of the
master clock and remains valid until the subsequent
leading clock edge.
Start and Stop bits are not used in synchronous
transmissions.
Note:
The TSR register is not mapped in data
memory, so it is not available to the user.
16.3.1
SYNCHRONOUS MASTER MODE
16.3.1.3
Synchronous Master Transmission
Set-up:
The following bits are used to configure the AUSART
for Synchronous Master operation:
1. Initialize the SPBRG register and the BRGH bit
to achieve the desired baud rate (refer to
Section 16.2 “AUSART Baud Rate Generator
(BRG)”).
• SYNC = 1
• CSRC = 1
• SREN = 0(for transmit); SREN = 1(for receive)
• CREN = 0(for transmit); CREN = 1(for receive)
• SPEN = 1
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits SYNC, SPEN, and CSRC.
3. Disable Receive mode by clearing bits SREN
and CREN.
Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures
the device for synchronous operation. Setting the CSRC
bit of the TXSTA register configures the device as a
master. Clearing the SREN and CREN bits of the RCSTA
register ensures that the device is in the Transmit mode,
otherwise the device will be configured to receive. Setting
the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register enables the
AUSART.
4. Enable Transmit mode by setting the TXEN bit.
5. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 bit.
6. If interrupts are desired, set the TXIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the GIE and PEIE bits of the
INTCON register.
7. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in the TX9D bit.
16.3.1.1
Master Clock
8. Start transmission by loading data to the
TXREG register.
Synchronous data transfers use a separate clock line,
which is synchronous with the data. A device config-
ured as a master transmits the clock on the TX/CK line.
The TX/CK pin output driver is automatically enabled
when the AUSART is configured for synchronous
transmit or receive operation. Serial data bits change
on the leading edge to ensure they are valid at the trail-
ing edge of each clock. One clock cycle is generated
for each data bit. Only as many clock cycles are
generated as there are data bits.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 159
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 16-6:
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
RX/DT
pin
bit 0
bit 1
bit 2
bit 7
bit 0
bit 1
Word 2
bit 7
Word 1
TX/CK pin
Write to
TXREG Reg
Write Word 1
Write Word 2
TXIF bit
(Interrupt Flag)
TRMT bit
‘1’
‘1’
TXEN bit
Note:
Synchronous Master mode, SPBRG = 0, continuous transmission of two 8-bit words.
FIGURE 16-7:
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN)
RX/DT pin
bit 0
bit 2
bit 1
bit 6
bit 7
TX/CK pin
Write to
TXREG reg
TXIF bit
TRMT bit
TXEN bit
TABLE 16-6: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
RX9
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
SREN
BRG5
INTE
TXIE
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
ADDEN
BRG3
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
SPEN
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
PIR1
TXIF
RCSTA
SPBRG
TRISC
TXREG
TXSTA
Legend:
CREN
BRG4
FERR
BRG2
OERR
BRG1
RX9D
BRG0
0000 000x 0000 000x
0000 0000 0000 0000
BRG7
BRG6
TRISC7
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
AUSART Transmit Data Register
CSRC TX9 TXEN
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 -010 0000 -010
SYNC
—
BRGH
TRMT
TX9D
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Synchronous Master Transmission.
DS41341E-page 160
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.3.1.4
Synchronous Master Reception
16.3.1.7
Receiving 9-bit Characters
Data is received at the RX/DT pin. The RX/DT pin
output driver is automatically disabled when the
AUSART is configured for synchronous master receive
operation.
The AUSART supports 9-bit character reception. When
the RX9 bit of the RCSTA register is set, the AUSART
will shift 9-bits into the RSR for each character
received. The RX9D bit of the RCSTA register is the
ninth, and Most Significant, data bit of the top unread
character in the receive FIFO. When reading 9-bit data
from the receive FIFO buffer, the RX9D data bit must
be read before reading the 8 Least Significant bits from
the RCREG.
In Synchronous mode, reception is enabled by setting
either the Single Receive Enable bit (SREN of the
RCSTA register) or the Continuous Receive Enable bit
(CREN of the RCSTA register).
When SREN is set and CREN is clear, only as many
clock cycles are generated as there are data bits in a
single character. The SREN bit is automatically cleared
at the completion of one character. When CREN is set,
clocks are continuously generated until CREN is
cleared. If CREN is cleared in the middle of a character
the CK clock stops immediately and the partial charac-
ter is discarded. If SREN and CREN are both set, then
SREN is cleared at the completion of the first character
and CREN takes precedence.
Address detection in Synchronous modes is not
supported, therefore the ADDEN bit of the RCSTA
register must be cleared.
16.3.1.8
Synchronous Master Reception Set-
up:
1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate
baud rate. Set or clear the BRGH bit, as
required, to achieve the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
To initiate reception, set either SREN or CREN. Data is
sampled at the RX/DT pin on the trailing edge of the
TX/CK clock pin and is shifted into the Receive Shift
3. Ensure bits CREN and SREN are clear.
Register (RSR). When
a complete character is
4. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the GIE and PEIE bits of the
INTCON register.
received into the RSR, the RCIF bit of the PIR1 register
is set and the character is automatically transferred to
the two character receive FIFO. The Least Significant
eight bits of the top character in the receive FIFO are
available in RCREG. The RCIF bit remains set as long
as there are un-read characters in the receive FIFO.
5. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit RX9.
6. Verify address detection is disabled by clearing
the ADDEN bit of the RCSTA register.
7. Start reception by setting the SREN bit or for
continuous reception, set the CREN bit.
16.3.1.5
Slave Clock
8. Interrupt flag bit RCIF of the PIR1 register will be
set when reception of a character is complete.
An interrupt will be generated if the RCIE inter-
rupt enable bit of the PIE1 register was set.
Synchronous data transfers use a separate clock line,
which is synchronous with the data. A device configured
as a slave receives the clock on the TX/CK line. The TX/
CK pin output driver is automatically disabled when the
device is configured for synchronous slave transmit or
receive operation. Serial data bits change on the leading
edge to ensure they are valid at the trailing edge of each
clock. One data bit is transferred for each clock cycle.
Only as many clock cycles should be received as there
are data bits.
9. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
10. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register.
11. If an overrun error occurs, clear the error by
either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA
register or by clearing the SPEN bit, which
resets the AUSART.
16.3.1.6
Receive Overrun Error
The receive FIFO buffer can hold two characters. An
overrun error will be generated if a third character, in its
entirety, is received before RCREG is read to access
the FIFO. When this happens the OERR bit of the
RCSTA register is set. Previous data in the FIFO will
not be overwritten. The two characters in the FIFO
buffer can be read, however, no additional characters
will be received until the error is cleared. The OERR bit
can only be cleared by clearing the overrun condition.
If the overrun error occurred when the SREN bit is set
and CREN is clear then the error is cleared by reading
RCREG. If the overrun occurred when the CREN bit is
set then the error condition is cleared by either clearing
the CREN bit of the RCSTA register.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 161
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 16-8:
SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)
RX/DT
pin
bit 0
bit 1
bit 2
bit 3
bit 4
bit 5
bit 6
bit 7
TX/CK pin
Write to
bit SREN
SREN bit
‘0’
‘0’
CREN bit
RCIF bit
(Interrupt)
Read
RCREG
Note:
Timing diagram demonstrates Synchronous Master mode with bit SREN = 1and bit BRGH = 0.
TABLE 16-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
INTE
TXIE
TXIF
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
PIR1
RCREG
RCSTA
TRISC
TXSTA
Legend:
AUSART Receive Data Register
SPEN
TRISC7
CSRC
RX9
SREN
CREN
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
0000 000X 0000 000X
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
TX9 TXEN SYNC BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
—
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Synchronous Master Reception.
DS41341E-page 162
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
If two words are written to the TXREG and then the
SLEEPinstruction is executed, the following will occur:
16.3.2
SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE MODE
The following bits are used to configure the AUSART
for Synchronous slave operation:
1. The first character will immediately transfer to
the TSR register and transmit.
• SYNC = 1
2. The second word will remain in TXREG register.
3. The TXIF bit will not be set.
• CSRC = 0
• SREN = 0(for transmit); SREN = 1(for receive)
• CREN = 0(for transmit); CREN = 1(for receive)
• SPEN = 1
4. After the first character has been shifted out of
TSR, the TXREG register will transfer the second
character to the TSR and the TXIF bit will now be
set.
Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures
the device for synchronous operation. Clearing the
CSRC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device as
a slave. Clearing the SREN and CREN bits of the RCSTA
register ensures that the device is in the Transmit mode,
otherwise the device will be configured to receive. Setting
the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register enables the
AUSART.
5. If the PEIE and TXIE bits are set, the interrupt
will wake the device from Sleep and execute the
next instruction. If the GIE bit is also set, the
program will call the Interrupt Service Routine.
16.3.2.2
Synchronous Slave Transmission
Set-up:
1. Set the SYNC and SPEN bits and clear the
CSRC bit.
16.3.2.1
AUSART Synchronous Slave
Transmit
2. Clear the CREN and SREN bits.
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes are identical (refer to Section 16.3.1.2
“Synchronous Master Transmission”), except in the
case of the Sleep mode.
3. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits of the INTCON register are set and set the
TXIE bit.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 bit.
5. Enable transmission by setting the TXEN bit.
6. Verify address detection is disabled by clearing
the ADDEN bit of the RCSTA register.
7. If 9-bit transmission is selected, insert the Most
Significant bit into the TX9D bit.
8. Start transmission by writing the Least
Significant 8 bits to the TXREG register.
TABLE 16-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
RX9
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
SREN
INTE
TXIE
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
ADDEN
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
SPEN
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
PIR1
TXIF
RCSTA
TRISC
TXREG
TXSTA
Legend:
CREN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
0000 000X 0000 000X
TRISC7
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
AUSART Transmit Data Register
CSRC TX9 TXEN
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 -010 0000 -010
SYNC
—
BRGH
TRMT
TX9D
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Synchronous Slave Transmission.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 163
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.3.2.3
AUSART Synchronous Slave
Reception
16.3.2.4
Synchronous Slave Reception Set-
up:
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical (Section 16.3.1.4 “Synchronous
Master Reception”), with the following exceptions:
1. Set the SYNC and SPEN bits and clear the
CSRC bit.
2. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the GIE and PEIE bits of the
INTCON register.
• Sleep
• CREN bit is always set, therefore the receiver is
never Idle
3. If 9-bit reception is desired, set the RX9 bit.
4. Verify address detection is disabled by clearing
the ADDEN bit of the RCSTA register.
• SREN bit, which is a “don’t care” in Slave mode
A character may be received while in Sleep mode by
setting the CREN bit prior to entering Sleep. Once the
word is received, the RSR register will transfer the data
to the RCREG register. If the RCIE interrupt enable bit
of the PIE1 register is set, the interrupt generated will
wake the device from Sleep and execute the next
instruction. If the GIE bit is also set, the program will
branch to the interrupt vector.
5. Set the CREN bit to enable reception.
6. The RCIF bit of the PIR1 register will be set
when reception is complete. An interrupt will be
generated if the RCIE bit of the PIE1 register
was set.
7. If 9-bit mode is enabled, retrieve the Most
Significant bit from the RX9D bit of the RCSTA
register.
8. Retrieve the 8 Least Significant bits from the
receive FIFO by reading the RCREG register.
9. If an overrun error occurs, clear the error by
either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA
register.
TABLE 16-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
INTE
TXIE
TXIF
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000x
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
PIR1
RCREG
RCSTA
TRISC
TXSTA
Legend:
AUSART Receive Data Register
SPEN
TRISC7
CSRC
RX9
SREN
CREN
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
0000 000X 0000 000X
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
TX9 TXEN SYNC BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
—
x= unknown, -= unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for Synchronous Slave Reception.
DS41341E-page 164
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
16.4.2
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMIT
DURING SLEEP
16.4 AUSART Operation During Sleep
The AUSART will remain active during Sleep only in the
Synchronous Slave mode. All other modes require the
system clock and therefore cannot generate the
necessary signals to run the Transmit or Receive Shift
registers during Sleep.
To transmit during Sleep, all the following conditions
must be met before entering Sleep mode:
• RCSTA and TXSTA Control registers must be
configured for Synchronous Slave Transmission
(refer to Section 16.3.2.2 “Synchronous Slave
Transmission Set-up:”).
Synchronous Slave mode uses an externally generated
clock to run the Transmit and Receive Shift registers.
• The TXIF interrupt flag must be cleared by writing
the output data to the TXREG, thereby filling the
TSR and transmit buffer.
16.4.1
SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE DURING
SLEEP
• If interrupts are desired, set the TXIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the PEIE bit of the INTCON
register.
To receive during Sleep, all the following conditions
must be met before entering Sleep mode:
• RCSTA and TXSTA Control registers must be
configured for Synchronous Slave Reception
(refer to Section 16.3.2.4 “Synchronous Slave
Reception Set-up:”).
Upon entering Sleep mode, the device will be ready to
accept clocks on TX/CK pin and transmit data on the
RX/DT pin. When the data word in the TSR has been
completely clocked out by the external device, the
pending byte in the TXREG will transfer to the TSR and
the TXIF flag will be set. Thereby, waking the processor
from Sleep. At this point, the TXREG is available to
accept another character for transmission, which will
clear the TXIF flag.
• If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE bit of the
PIE1 register and the PEIE bit of the INTCON
register.
• The RCIF interrupt flag must be cleared by read-
ing RCREG to unload any pending characters in
the receive buffer.
Upon waking from Sleep, the instruction following the
SLEEP instruction will be executed. If the GIE global
interrupt enable bit is also set then the Interrupt Service
Routine at address 0004h will be called.
Upon entering Sleep mode, the device will be ready to
accept data and clocks on the RX/DT and TX/CK pins,
respectively. When the data word has been completely
clocked in by the external device, the RCIF interrupt
flag bit of the PIR1 register will be set. Thereby, waking
the processor from Sleep.
Upon waking from Sleep, the instruction following the
SLEEP instruction will be executed. If the GIE global
interrupt enable bit of the INTCON register is also set,
then the Interrupt Service Routine at address 0004h
will be called.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 165
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 166
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
A typical SPI connection between microcontroller
devices is shown in Figure 17-1. Addressing of more
than one slave device is accomplished via multiple
hardware slave select lines. External hardware and
additional I/O pins must be used to support multiple
slave select addressing. This prevents extra overhead
in software for communication.
17.0 SSP MODULE OVERVIEW
The Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) module is a serial
interface useful for communicating with other peripher-
als or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers, dis-
play drivers, A/D converters, etc. The SSP module can
operate in one of two modes:
For SPI communication, typically three pins are used:
• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
• Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C™)
• Serial Data Out (SDO)
• Serial Data In (SDI)
• Serial Clock (SCK)
17.1 SPI Mode
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave
mode of operation:
The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously
transmitted and received, simultaneously. The SSP
module can be operated in one of two SPI modes:
• Slave Select (SS)
• Master mode
• Slave mode
SPI is a full-duplex protocol, with all communication
being bidirectional and initiated by a master device. All
clocking is provided by the master device and all bits
are transmitted, MSb first. Care must be taken to
ensure that all devices on the SPI bus are setup to
allow all controllers to send and receive data at the
same time.
FIGURE 17-1:
TYPICAL SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION
SPI Master SSPM<3:0> = 00xx
SPI Slave SSPM<3:0> = 010x
SDO
SDI
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPBUF)
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPBUF)
SDI
SDO
Shift Register
(SSPSR)
Shift Register
(SSPSR)
LSb
MSb
MSb
LSb
Serial Clock
SCK
SCK
SS
Slave Select
(optional)
General I/O
Processor 2
Processor 1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 167
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 17-2:
SPI MODE BLOCK
DIAGRAM
Internal
Data Bus
Read
Write
SSPBUF Reg
SSPSR Reg
SDI
bit 0
bit 7
Shift
Clock
SDO
SS
Control
Enable
RA5/SS
RA0/SS
SSSEL
2
Clock Select
Edge
Select
TMR2
Output
÷2
Edge
Select
FOSC
Prescaler
4, 16, 64
SCK
4
TRISx
SSPM<3:0>
DS41341E-page 168
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
17.1.1
MASTER MODE
17.1.1.3
Master Mode Setup
In Master mode, data transfer can be initiated at any
time because the master controls the SCK line. Master
mode determines when the slave (Figure 17-1,
Processor 2) transmits data via control of the SCK line.
In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as
soon as the SSPBUF register is loaded with a byte
value. If the master is only going to receive, SDO output
could be disabled (programmed and used as an input).
The SSPSR register will continue to shift in the signal
present on the SDI pin at the programmed clock rate.
17.1.1.1
Master Mode Operation
The SSP consists of a transmit/receive shift register
(SSPSR) and a buffer register (SSPBUF). The SSPSR
register shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb
first. The SSPBUF register holds the data that is written
out of the master until the received data is ready. Once
the eight bits of data have been received, the byte is
moved to the SSPBUF register. The Buffer Full Status
bit, BF of the SSPSTAT register, and the SSP Interrupt
Flag bit, SSPIF of the PIR1 register, are then set.
When initializing SPI Master mode operation, several
options need to be specified. This is accomplished by
programming the appropriate control bits in the
SSPCON and SSPSTAT registers. These control bits
allow the following to be specified:
• SCK as clock output
• Idle state of SCK (CKP bit)
• Data input sample phase (SMP bit)
• Output data on rising/falling edge of SCK (CKE bit)
• Clock bit rate
Any write to the SSPBUF register during
transmission/reception of data will be ignored and the
Write Collision Detect bit, WCOL of the SSPCON
register, will be set. User software must clear the WCOL
bit so that it can be determined if the following write(s)
to the SSPBUF register completed successfully.
In Master mode, the SPI clock rate (bit rate) is user
selectable to be one of the following:
• FOSC/4 (or TCY)
• FOSC/16 (or 4 • TCY)
• FOSC/64 (or 16 • TCY)
• (Timer2 output)/2
When the application software is expecting to receive
valid data, the SSPBUF should be read before the next
byte of data is written to the SSPBUF. The BF bit of the
SSPSTAT register is set when SSPBUF has been
loaded with the received data (transmission is
complete). When the SSPBUF is read, the BF bit is
cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the SPI is only a
transmitter. The SSP interrupt may be used to
determine when the transmission/reception is
complete and the SSPBUF must be read and/or
written. If interrupts are not used, then software polling
can be done to ensure that a write collision does not
occur. Example 17-1 shows the loading of the SSPBUF
(SSPSR) for data transmission.
This allows
a maximum data rate of 5 Mbps
(at FOSC = 20 MHz).
Figure 17-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode.
The clock polarity is selected by appropriately program-
ming the CKP bit of the SSPCON register. When the
CKE bit is set, the SDO data is valid before there is a
clock edge on SCK. The sample time of the input data
is shown based on the state of the SMP bit and can
occur at the middle or end of the data output time. The
time when the SSPBUF is loaded with the received
data is shown.
Note:
The SSPSR is not directly readable or
writable and can only be accessed by
addressing the SSPBUF register.
17.1.1.4
Sleep in Master Mode
In Master mode, all module clocks are halted and the
transmission/reception will remain in their current state,
paused, until the device wakes from Sleep. After the
device wakes up from Sleep, the module will continue
to transmit/receive data.
17.1.1.2
Enabling Master I/O
To enable the serial port, the SSPEN bit of the
SSPCON register, must be set. To reset or reconfigure
SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, re-initialize the
SSPCON register and then set the SSPEN bit. If a
Master mode of operation is selected in the SSPM bits
of the SSPCON register, the SDI, SDO and SCK pins
will be assigned as serial port pins.
For these pins to function as serial port pins, they must
have their corresponding data direction bits set or
cleared in the associated TRIS register as follows:
• SDI configured as input
• SDO configured as output
• SCK configured as output
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 169
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 17-3:
SPI MASTER MODE WAVEFORM
Write to
SSPBUF
SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
4 Clock
Modes
SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 1)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 1)
SDO
(CKE = 0)
bit 6
bit 6
bit 2
bit 2
bit 5
bit 5
bit 4
bit 4
bit 1
bit 1
bit 0
bit 0
bit 7
bit 7
bit 3
bit 3
SDO
(CKE = 1)
SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SDI
(SMP = 1)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 1)
SSPIF
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
EXAMPLE 17-1:
LOADING THE SSPBUF (SSPSR) REGISTER
BANKSEL
SSPSTAT
;
LOOP
BTFSS
GOTO
SSPSTAT, BF ;Has data been received(transmit complete)?
LOOP
;No
BANKSEL
MOVF
MOVWF
MOVF
SSPBUF
SSPBUF, W
RXDATA
TXDATA, W
SSPBUF
;
;WREG reg = contents of SSPBUF
;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful
;W reg = contents of TXDATA
;New data to xmit
MOVWF
DS41341E-page 170
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
17.1.2
SLAVE MODE
17.1.2.2
Enabling Slave I/O
For any SPI device acting as a slave, the data is
transmitted and received as external clock pulses
appear on SCK pin. This external clock must meet the
minimum high and low times as specified in the
electrical specifications.
To enable the serial port, the SSPEN bit of the
SSPCON register must be set. If a Slave mode of
operation is selected in the SSPM bits of the SSPCON
register, the SDI, SDO, SCK pins will be assigned as
serial port pins.
For these pins to function as serial port pins, they must
have their corresponding data direction bits set or
cleared in the associated TRIS register as follows:
17.1.2.1
Slave Mode Operation
The SSP consists of a transmit/receive shift register
(SSPSR) and a buffer register (SSPBUF). The SSPSR
shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb first. The
SSPBUF holds the data that was written to the SSPSR
until the received data is ready.
• SDI configured as input
• SDO configured as output
• SCK configured as input
Optionally, a fourth pin, Slave Select (SS) may be used
in Slave mode. Slave Select may be configured to
operate on one of the following pins via the SSSEL bit in
the APFCON register.
The slave has no control as to when data will be
clocked in or out of the device. All data that is to be
transmitted, to a master or another slave, must be
loaded into the SSPBUF register before the first clock
pulse is received.
• RA5/AN4/SS
• RA0/AN0/SS
Once eight bits of data have been received:
• Received byte is moved to the SSPBUF register
• BF bit of the SSPSTAT register is set
• SSPIF bit of the PIR1 register is set
Upon selection of a Slave Select pin, the appropriate
bits must be set in the ANSELA and TRISA registers.
Slave Select must be set as an input by setting the
corresponding bit in TRISA, and digital I/O must be
enabled on the SS pin by clearing the corresponding bit
of the ANSELA register.
Any write to the SSPBUF register during
transmission/reception of data will be ignored and the
Write Collision Detect bit, WCOL of the SSPCON
register, will be set. User software must clear the
WCOL bit so that it can be determined if the following
write(s) to the SSPBUF register completed
successfully.
17.1.2.3
Slave Mode Setup
When initializing the SSP module to SPI Slave mode,
compatibility must be ensured with the master device.
This is done by programming the appropriate control
bits of the SSPCON and SSPSTAT registers. These
control bits allow the following to be specified:
The user’s firmware must read SSPBUF, clearing the
BF flag, or the SSPOV bit of the SSPCON register will
be set with the reception of the next byte and
communication will be disabled.
• SCK as clock input
• Idle state of SCK (CKP bit)
A SPI module transmits and receives at the same time,
• Data input sample phase (SMP bit)
• Output data on rising/falling edge of SCK (CKE bit)
occasionally
causing
dummy
data
to
be
transmitted/received. It is up to the user to determine
which data is to be used and what can be discarded.
Figure 17-4 and Figure 17-5 show example waveforms
of Slave mode operation.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 171
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 17-4:
SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)
SS
Optional
SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
Write to
SSPBUF
bit 6
bit 2
bit 5
bit 4
bit 1
bit 0
SDO
bit 7
bit 3
SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPIF
Interrupt
Flag
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
FIGURE 17-5:
SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)
SS
Not Optional
SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 1)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 1)
Write to
SSPBUF
bit 6
bit 2
bit 5
bit 4
bit 1
bit 0
SDO
bit 7
bit 3
SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPIF
Interrupt
Flag
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
DS41341E-page 172
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is cleared
to ‘0’. This can be done by either forcing the SS pin to
a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit. Figure 17-6
shows the timing waveform for such a synchronization
event.
17.1.2.4
Slave Select Operation
The SS pin allows Synchronous Slave mode operation.
The SPI must be in Slave mode with SS pin control
enabled (SSPM<3:0> = 0100). The associated TRIS bit
for the SS pin must be set, making SS an input.
Note:
SSPSR must be reinitialized by writing to
the SSPBUF register before the data can
be clocked out of the slave again.
In Slave Select mode, when:
• SS = 0, The device operates as specified in
Section 17.1.2 “Slave Mode”.
• SS = 1, The SPI module is held in Reset and the
SDO pin will be tri-stated.
17.1.2.5
Sleep in Slave Mode
While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive
data. The SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register operates
asynchronously to the device on the externally supplied
clock source. This allows the device to be placed in
Sleep mode and data to be shifted into the SPI Trans-
mit/Receive Shift register. When all 8 bits have been
received, the SSP Interrupt Flag bit will be set and if
enabled, will wake the device from Sleep.
Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS pin
control enabled (SSPM<3:0> = 0100), the
SPI module will reset if the SS pin is driven
high.
2: If the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE
set, the SS pin control must be enabled.
FIGURE 17-6:
SLAVE SELECT SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM
SS
SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
Write to
SSPBUF
SSPSR must be reinitialized by writing to
the SSPBUF register before the data can
be clocked out of the slave again.
bit 6
bit 7
bit 7
bit 0
SDO
bit 7
SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPIF
Interrupt
Flag
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 173
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 17-1: SSPCON: SYNC SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER (SPI MODE)
R/W-0
WCOL
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
CKP
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSPOV
SSPEN
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
1= The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared in
software)
0= No collision
bit 6
SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
1= A new byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of
overflow, the data in SSPSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user must read
the SSPBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow. In Master mode, the over-
flow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by writing to the
SSPBUF register.
0= No overflow
bit 5
SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1= Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO and SDI as serial port pins(1)
0= Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
bit 4
CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
1= Idle state for clock is a high level
0= Idle state for clock is a low level
bit 3-0
SSPM<3:0>: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
0000= SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4
0001= SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16
0010= SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64
0011= SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2
0100= SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control enabled.
0101= SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control disabled. SS can be used as I/O pin.
Note 1: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.
DS41341E-page 174
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 17-2: SSPSTAT: SYNC SERIAL PORT STATUS REGISTER (SPI MODE)
R/W-0
SMP
R/W-0
CKE
R-0
D/A
R-0
P
R-0
S
R-0
R-0
UA
R-0
BF
R/W
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
SMP: SPI Data Input Sample Phase bit
SPI Master mode:
1= Input data sampled at end of data output time
0= Input data sampled at middle of data output time
SPI Slave mode:
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode
CKE: SPI Clock Edge Select bit
SPI mode, CKP = 0:
1= Data stable on rising edge of SCK
0= Data stable on falling edge of SCK
SPI mode, CKP = 1:
1= Data stable on falling edge of SCK
0= Data stable on rising edge of SCK
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
D/A: Data/Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
P: Stop bit
Used in I2C mode only.
S: Start bit
Used in I2C mode only.
R/W: Read/Write Information bit
Used in I2C mode only.
UA: Update Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
BF: Buffer Full Status bit
1= Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0= Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 175
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 17-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on all
other Resets
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ANSELA
APFCON
—
—
ANSA5
ANSA4
ANSA3
ANSA2
ANSA1
SSSEL
ANSA0
--11 1111
---- --00
--11 1111
---- --00
CCP2SEL
—
—
—
—
—
—
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
PEIE
ADIE
ADIF
T0IE
RCIE
RCIF
INTE
TXIE
TXIF
RBIE
SSPIE
SSPIF
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
TMR1GIE
TMR1GIF
CCP1IE
CCP1IF
TMR2IE
TMR2IF
TMR1IE
TMR1IF
PIR1
PR2
Timer2 Period Register
Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
SSPBUF
SSPCON
WCOL
SSPOV
SSPEN
CKP
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
SSPSTAT
TRISA
SMP
TRISA7
TRISC7
—
CKE
D/A
P
S
R/W
UA
BF
0000 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
-000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
1111 1111
-000 0000
TRISA6
TRISC6
TRISA5
TRISC5
TRISA4
TRISC4
TRISA3
TRISC3
TRISA2
TRISC2
TRISA1
TRISC1
TRISA0
TRISC0
TRISC
T2CON
Legend:
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
x= unknown, u= unchanged, –= unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the SSP in SPI mode.
DS41341E-page 176
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
2
FIGURE 17-8:
TYPICAL I2C™
CONNECTIONS
17.2 I C Mode
The SSP module, in I2C mode, implements all slave
functions, except general call support. It provides
interrupts on Start and Stop bits in hardware to facilitate
firmware implementations of the master functions. The
SSP module implements the I2C Standard mode
specifications:
VDD VDD
Slave 1
Master
SDA
• I2C Slave mode (7-bit address)
• I2C Slave mode (10-bit address)
SDA
SCL
SCL
• Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled to support
firmware Master mode
Slave 2
• Address masking
SDA
Two pins are used for data transfer; the SCL pin (clock
line) and the SDA pin (data line). The user must
configure the two pin’s data direction bits as inputs in
the appropriate TRIS register. Upon enabling I2C
mode, the I2C slew rate limiters in the I/O pads are
controlled by the SMP bit of SSPSTAT register. The
SSP module functions are enabled by setting the
SSPEN bit of SSPCON register.
SCL
(optional)
The SSP module has six registers for I2C operation.
They are:
• SSP Control (SSPCON) register
Data is sampled on the rising edge and shifted out on
the falling edge of the clock. This ensures that the SDA
signal is valid during the SCL high time. The SCL clock
input must have minimum high and low times for proper
operation. Refer to Section 23.0 “Electrical
Specifications”.
• SSP Status (SSPSTAT) register
• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer (SSPBUF) register
• SSP Shift Register (SSPSR), not directly
accessible
• SSP Address (SSPADD) register
• SSP Address Mask (SSPMSK) register
FIGURE 17-7:
I2C™ MODE BLOCK
DIAGRAM
17.2.1
HARDWARE SETUP
Selection of I2C mode, with the SSPEN bit of the
SSPCON register set, forces the SCL and SDA pins to
be open drain, provided these pins are programmed as
inputs by setting the appropriate TRISC bits. The SSP
module will override the input state with the output
data, when required, such as for Acknowledge and
slave-transmitter sequences.
Internal
Data Bus
Read
Write
SSPBUF Reg
SCL
SDA
Shift
Clock
Note:
Pull-up resistors must be provided
externally to the SCL and SDA pins for
proper operation of the I2C module.
SSPSR Reg
MSb
LSb
SSPMSK Reg
Match Detect
SSPADD Reg
Addr Match
Start and
Stop bit Detect
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 177
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Figure 17-9 shows the Start and Stop conditions. A
master device generates these conditions for starting
and terminating data transfer. Due to the definition of
the Start and Stop conditions, when data is being trans-
mitted, the SDA line can only change state when the
SCL line is low.
17.2.2
START AND STOP CONDITIONS
During times of no data transfer (Idle time), both the
clock line (SCL) and the data line (SDA) are pulled high
through external pull-up resistors. The Start and Stop
conditions determine the start and stop of data trans-
mission. The Start condition is defined as a high-to-low
transition of the SDA line while SCL is high. The Stop
condition is defined as a low-to-high transition of the
SDA line while SCL is high.
FIGURE 17-9:
START AND STOP CONDITIONS
SDA
SCL
S
P
Change of
Change of
Data Allowed
Start
Data Allowed
Stop
Condition
Condition
In such a case, the SSPSR register value is not loaded
into the SSPBUF, but bit SSPIF of the PIR1 register is
set. Table 17-2 shows the results of when a data
transfer byte is received, given the status of bits BF and
SSPOV. Flag bit BF is cleared by reading the SSPBUF
register, while bit SSPOV is cleared through software.
17.2.3
ACKNOWLEDGE
After the valid reception of an address or data byte, the
hardware automatically will generate the Acknowledge
(ACK) pulse and load the SSPBUF register with the
received value currently in the SSPSR register. There
are certain conditions that will cause the SSP module
not to generate this ACK pulse. They include any or all
of the following:
• The Buffer Full bit, BF of the SSPSTAT register,
was set before the transfer was received.
• The SSP Overflow bit, SSPOV of the SSPCON
register, was set before the transfer was received.
• The SSP Module is being operated in Firmware
Master mode.
TABLE 17-2: DATA TRANSFER RECEIVED BYTE ACTIONS
Status Bits as Data
Set bit SSPIF
(SSP Interrupt occurs
if enabled)
Generate ACK
Transfer is Received
SSPSR → SSPBUF
Pulse
BF
SSPOV
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Note 1: Shaded cells show the conditions where the user software did not properly clear the overflow condition.
DS41341E-page 178
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The sequence of events for 10-bit address is as follows
for reception:
17.2.4
ADDRESSING
Once the SSP module has been enabled, it waits for a
Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition,
the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPSR register. All
incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the
clock line (SCL).
1. Load SSPADD register with high byte of address.
2. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF,
BF and UA of the SSPSTAT register are set).
3. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF).
4. Clear the SSPIF flag bit.
17.2.4.1
7-bit Addressing
5. Update the SSPADD register with second (low)
byte of address (clears UA bit and releases the
SCL line).
In 7-bit Addressing mode (Figure 17-10), the value of
register SSPSR<7:1> is compared to the value of reg-
ister SSPADD<7:1>. The address is compared on the
falling edge of the eighth clock (SCL) pulse. If the
addresses match, and the BF and SSPOV bits are
clear, the following events occur:
6. Receive low byte of address (bits SSPIF, BF and
UA are set).
7. Update the SSPADD register with the high byte
of address. If match releases SCL line, this will
clear bit UA.
• The SSPSR register value is loaded into the
SSPBUF register.
8. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF).
9. Clear flag bit SSPIF.
• The BF bit is set.
• An ACK pulse is generated.
If data is requested by the master, once the slave has
been addressed:
• SSP interrupt flag bit, SSPIF of the PIR1 register,
is set (interrupt is generated if enabled) on the
falling edge of the ninth SCL pulse.
1. Receive repeated Start condition.
2. Receive repeat of high byte address with
17.2.4.2
10-bit Addressing
R/W = 1, indicating a read.
In 10-bit Address mode, two address bytes need to be
received by the slave (Figure 17-11). The five Most Sig-
nificant bits (MSbs) of the first address byte specify if it
is a 10-bit address. The R/W bit of the SSPSTAT regis-
ter must specify a write so the slave device will receive
the second address byte. For a 10-bit address, the first
byte would equal ‘1111 0 A9 A8 0’, where A9 and
A8 are the two MSbs of the address.
3. BF bit is set and the CKP bit is cleared, stopping
SCL and indicating a read request.
4. SSPBUF is written, setting BF, with the data to
send to the master device.
5. CKP is set in software, releasing the SCL line.
17.2.4.3
Address Masking
The Address Masking register (SSPMSK) is only
accessible while the SSPM bits of the SSPCON
register are set to ‘1001’. In this register, the user can
select which bits of a received address the hardware
will compare when determining an address match. Any
bit that is set to a zero in the SSPMSK register, the
corresponding bit in the received address byte and
SSPADD register are ignored when determining an
address match. By default, the register is set to all
ones, requiring a complete match of a 7-bit address or
the lower eight bits of a 10-bit address.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 179
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
17.2.5
RECEPTION
When the R/W bit of the received address byte is clear,
the master will write data to the slave. If an address
match occurs, the received address is loaded into the
SSPBUF register. An address byte overflow will occur
if that loaded address is not read from the SSPBUF
before the next complete byte is received.
An SSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer byte.
The BF, R/W and D/A bits of the SSPSTAT register are
used to determine the status of the last received byte.
FIGURE 17-10:
I2C™ WAVEFORMS FOR RECEPTION (7-BIT ADDRESS)
R/W = 0
ACK
Receiving Address
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2
Receiving Data
Receiving Data
ACK
9
ACK
9
SDA
A1
7
D2 D1 D0
D4
D3
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
D7
1
D6 D5
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P
SCL
S
SSPIF
Cleared in software
Bus Master
sends Stop
condition
BF
SSPBUF register is read
SSPOV
Bit SSPOV is set because the SSPBUF register is still full.
ACK is not sent.
DS41341E-page 180
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 17-11:
I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 181
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Following the 8th falling clock edge, control of the SDA
line is released back to the master so that the master
can acknowledge or not acknowledge the response. If
the master sends a not acknowledge, the slave’s
transmission is complete and the slave must monitor for
the next Start condition. If the master acknowledges,
control of the bus is returned to the slave to transmit
another byte of data. Just as with the previous byte, the
clock is stretched by the slave, data must be loaded into
the SSPBUF and CKP must be set to release the clock
line (SCL).
17.2.6
TRANSMISSION
When the R/W bit of the received address byte is set
and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the
SSPSTAT register is set and the slave will respond to
the master by reading out data. After the address match,
an ACK pulse is generated by the slave hardware and
the SCL pin is held low (clock is automatically stretched)
until the slave is ready to respond. See Section 17.2.7
“Clock Stretching”. The data the slave will transmit
must be loaded into the SSPBUF register, which sets
the BF bit. The SCL line is released by setting the CKP
bit of the SSPCON register.
An SSP interrupt is generated for each transferred data
byte. The SSPIF flag bit of the PIR1 register initiates an
SSP interrupt, and must be cleared by software before
the next byte is transmitted. The BF bit of the SSPSTAT
register is cleared on the falling edge of the 8th
received clock pulse. The SSPIF flag bit is set on the
falling edge of the ninth clock pulse.
FIGURE 17-12:
I2C WAVEFORMS FOR TRANSMISSION (7-BIT ADDRESS)
Receiving Address
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1
R/W
Transmitting Data
ACK
9
SDA
SCL
ACK
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
S
P
SCL held low
while CPU
responds to SSPIF
Data in
sampled
Cleared in software
SSPIF
BF
Dummy read of SSPBUF
to clear BF flag
From SSP Interrupt
Service Routine
SSPBUF is written in software
CKP
Set bit after writing to SSPBUF
(the SSPBUF must be written to
before the CKP bit can be set)
DS41341E-page 182
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
2
FIGURE 17-13:
I C SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION 10-BIT ADDRESS)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 183
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Refer to Application Note AN554, “Software
Implementation of I2C™ Bus Master” (DS00554) for more
information.
17.2.7
CLOCK STRETCHING
During any SCL low phase, any device on the I2C bus
may hold the SCL line low and delay, or pause, the
transmission of data. This “stretching” of a transmission
allows devices to slow down communication on the
bus. The SCL line must be constantly sampled by the
master to ensure that all devices on the bus have
released SCL for more data.
17.2.9
MULTI-MASTER MODE
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of the Start and Stop conditions allow the
determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and
Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the SSP
module is disabled. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits will
toggle based on the Start and Stop conditions. Control
of the I2C bus may be taken when the P bit of the
SSPSTAT register is set or when the bus is Idle, and
both the S and P bits are clear. When the bus is busy,
enabling the SSP Interrupt will generate the interrupt
when the Stop condition occurs.
Stretching usually occurs after an ACK bit of a
transmission, delaying the first bit of the next byte. The
SSP module hardware automatically stretches for two
conditions:
• After a 10-bit address byte is received (update
SSPADD register)
• Anytime the CKP bit of the SSPCON register is
cleared by hardware
In Multi-Master operation, the SDA line must be moni-
tored to see if the signal level is the expected output
level. This check only needs to be done when a high
level is output. If a high level is expected and a low level
is present, the device needs to release the SDA and
SCL lines (set TRIS bits). There are two stages where
this arbitration of the bus can be lost. They are the
Address Transfer and Data Transfer stages.
The module will hold SCL low until the CKP bit is set.
This allows the user slave software to update SSPBUF
with data that may not be readily available. In 10-bit
addressing modes, the SSPADD register must be
updated after receiving the first and second address
bytes. The SSP module will hold the SCL line low until
the SSPADD has a byte written to it. The UA bit of the
SSPSTAT register will be set, along with SSPIF,
indicating an address update is needed.
When the slave logic is enabled, the slave continues to
receive. If arbitration was lost during the address
transfer stage, communication to the device may be in
progress. If addressed, an ACK pulse will be
generated. If arbitration was lost during the data
transfer stage, the device will need to re-transfer the
data at a later time.
17.2.8
FIRMWARE MASTER MODE
Master mode of operation is supported in firmware
using interrupt generation on the detection of the Start
and Stop conditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits of
the SSPSTAT register are cleared from a Reset or
when the SSP module is disabled (SSPEN cleared).
The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits will toggle based on the
Start and Stop conditions. Control of the I2C bus may
be taken when the P bit is set or the bus is Idle and both
the S and P bits are clear.
Refer to Application Note AN578, “Use of the SSP
Module in the I2C™ Multi-Master Environment”
(DS00578) for more information.
In Firmware Master mode, the SCL and SDA lines are
manipulated by setting/clearing the corresponding TRIS
bit(s). The output level is always low, irrespective of the
value(s) in the corresponding PORT register bit(s).
When transmitting a ‘1’, the TRIS bit must be set (input)
and a ‘0’, the TRIS bit must be clear (output).
The following events will cause the SSP Interrupt Flag
bit, SSPIF, to be set (SSP Interrupt will occur if
enabled):
• Start condition
• Stop condition
• Data transfer byte transmitted/received
Firmware Master Mode of operation can be done with
either the Slave mode Idle (SSPM<3:0> = 1011), or
with either of the Slave modes in which interrupts are
enabled. When both master and slave functionality is
enabled, the software needs to differentiate the
source(s) of the interrupt.
DS41341E-page 184
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
17.2.10 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION
17.2.11 SLEEP OPERATION
When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCL output is held low
once it is sampled low. therefore, the CKP bit will not
stretch the SCL line until an external I2C master device
has already asserted the SCL line low. The SCL output
will remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other
devices on the I2C bus have released SCL. This
ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the
While in Sleep mode, the I2C module can receive
addresses of data, and when an address match or
complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor
from Sleep (if SSP interrupt is enabled).
minimum
high
time
requirement
for
SCL
(Figure 17-14).
FIGURE 17-14:
CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
SDA
SCL
DX
DX-1
Master device
asserts clock
CKP
Master device
deasserts clock
WR
SSPCON
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 185
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 17-3: SSPCON: SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER (I2C MODE)
R/W-0
WCOL
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
CKP
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSPOV
SSPEN
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
1= The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared in
software)
0= No collision
bit 6
SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
1= A byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous byte. SSPOV is a “don’t
care” in Transmit mode. SSPOV must be cleared in software in either mode.
0= No overflow
bit 5
SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1= Enables the serial port and configures the SDA and SCL pins as serial port pins(2)
0= Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
bit 4
CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
1= Release control of SCL
0= Holds clock low (clock stretch). (Used to ensure data setup time.)
bit 3-0
SSPM<3:0>: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
0110= I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address
0111= I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address
1000= Reserved
1001= Load SSPMSK register at SSPADD SFR Address(1)
1010= Reserved
1011= I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode (Slave Idle)
1100= Reserved
1101= Reserved
1110= I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled
1111= I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled
Note 1: When this mode is selected, any reads or writes to the SSPADD SFR address accesses the SSPMSK register.
2: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output using the associated TRIS bit.
DS41341E-page 186
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 17-4: SSPSTAT: SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT STATUS REGISTER (I2C MODE)
R/W-0
SMP
R/W-0
CKE
R-0
D/A
R-0
P
R-0
S
R-0
R-0
UA
R-0
BF
R/W
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
SMP: SPI Data Input Sample Phase bit
1= Slew Rate Control (limiting) disabled. Operating in I C Standard Mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz).
0= Slew Rate Control (limiting) enabled. Operating in I C Fast Mode (400 kHz).
2
2
bit 6
bit 5
CKE: SPI Clock Edge Select bit
This bit must be maintained clear. Used in SPI mode only.
2
D/A: DATA/ADDRESS bit (I C mode only)
1= Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0= Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
P: Stop bit
This bit is cleared when the SSP module is disabled, or when the Start bit is detected last.
1= Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last (this bit is ‘0’ on Reset)
0= Stop bit was not detected last
S: Start bit
This bit is cleared when the SSP module is disabled, or when the Stop bit is detected last.
1= Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last (this bit is ‘0’ on Reset)
0= Start bit was not detected last
R/W: READ/WRITE bit Information
This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the address match
to the next Start bit, Stop bit or ACK bit.
1= Read
0= Write
2
bit 1
bit 0
UA: Update Address bit (10-bit I C mode only)
1= Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPADD register
0= Address does not need to be updated
BF: Buffer Full Status bit
Receive:
1= Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0= Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
Transmit:
1= Transmit in progress, SSPBUF is full
0= Transmit complete, SSPBUF is empty
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 187
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 17-5: SSPMSK: SSP MASK REGISTER
R/W-1
MSK7
R/W-1
MSK6
R/W-1
MSK5
R/W-1
MSK4
R/W-1
MSK3
R/W-1
MSK2
R/W-1
MSK1
R/W-1
MSK0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-1
bit 0
MSK<7:1>: Mask bits
2
1= The received address bit n is compared to SSPADD<n> to detect I C address match
0= The received address bit n is not used to detect I C address match
2
2
MSK<0>: Mask bit for I C Slave Mode, 10-bit Address
2
I C Slave Mode, 10-bit Address (SSPM<3:0> = 0111):
2
1= The received address bit ‘0’ is compared to SSPADD<0> to detect I C address match
0= The received address bit ‘0’ is not used to detect I C address match
2
All other SSP modes: this bit has no effect.
REGISTER 17-6: SSPADD: SSP I2C ADDRESS REGISTER
R/W-0
ADD7
R/W-0
ADD6
R/W-0
ADD5
R/W-0
ADD4
R/W-0
ADD3
R/W-0
ADD2
R/W-0
ADD1
R/W-0
ADD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
ADD<7:0>: Address bits
Received address
TABLE 17-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C OPERATION
Value on
all other
Resets
Value on
POR, BOR
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE
PEIE
ADIF
ADIE
T0IE
RCIF
RCIE
INTE
TXIF
TXIE
RBIE
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x 0000 000u
TMR1GIF
TMR1GIE
SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
PIE1
SSPBUF
SSPADD
SSPCON
Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0000 0000 0000 0000
2
Synchronous Serial Port (I C mode) Address Register
WCOL
SSPOV SSPEN
CKP
SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 0000 0000
(2)
2
SSPMSK
SSPSTAT
TRISC
Synchronous Serial Port (I C mode) Address Mask Register
1111 1111 1111 1111
0000 0000 0000 0000
(1)
(1)
SMP
TRISC7
CKE
D/A
P
S
R/W
UA
BF
TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 1111 1111
2
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by SSP module in I C
mode.
2
Note 1: Maintain these bits clear in I C mode.
2: Accessible only when SSPM<3:0> = 1001.
DS41341E-page 188
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The value written to the PMADRH:PMADRL register
pair determines which program memory location is
read. The read operation will be initiated by setting the
RD bit of the PMCON1 register. The program memory
flash controller takes two instructions to complete the
read, causing the second instruction after the setting
the RD bit will be ignored. To avoid conflict with pro-
gram execution, it is recommended that the two instruc-
tions following the setting of the RD bit are NOP. When
the read completes, the result is placed in the
18.0 PROGRAM MEMORY READ
The Flash program memory is readable during normal
operation over the full VDD range of the device. To read
data from Program Memory, five Special Function
Registers (SFRs) are used:
• PMCON1
• PMDATL
• PMDATH
• PMADRL
• PMADRH
PMDATLH:PMDATL
register
pair.
Refer
to
Example 18-1 for sample code.
Note:
Code-protect does not effect the CPU
from performing a read operation on the
program memory. For more information,
refer to Section 8.2 “Code Protection”
EXAMPLE 18-1:
PROGRAM MEMORY READ
BANKSEL PMADRL
;
MOVF
MS_PROG_ADDR, W;
MOVWF
MOVF
MOVWF
PMADRH
LS_PROG_ADDR, W;
PMADRL ;LS Byte of Program Address to read
;MS Byte of Program Address to read
BANKSEL PMCON1
;
BSF
NOP
NOP
PMCON1, RD
;Initiate Read
;Any instructions here are ignored as program
;memory is read in second cycle after BSF
BANKSEL PMDATL
;
MOVF
PMDATL, W
;W = LS Byte of Program Memory Read
MOVWF
MOVF
MOVWF
LOWPMBYTE
PMDATH, W
HIGHPMBYTE
;
;W = MS Byte of Program Memory Read
;
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 189
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 18-1: PMCON1: PROGRAM MEMORY CONTROL 1 REGISTER
R-1
U-0
—
U-0
—l
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/S-0
RD
Reserved
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
S = Setable bit, cleared in hardware
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
Reserved: Read as ‘1’. Maintain this bit set.
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
RD: Read Control bit
bit 6-1
bit 0
1= Initiates an program memory read (The RD is cleared in hardware; the RD bit can only be set (not
cleared) in software).
0= Does not initiate a program memory read
REGISTER 18-2: PMDATH: PROGRAM MEMORY DATA HIGH REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
PMD9
R/W-x
PMD8
PMD13
PMD12
PMD11
PMD10
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
PMD<13:8>: The value of the program memory word pointed to by PMADRH and PMADRL after a
program memory read command.
REGISTER 18-3: PMDATL: PROGRAM MEMORY DATA LOW REGISTER
R/W-x
PMD7
R/W-x
PMD6
R/W-x
PMD5
R/W-x
PMD4
R/W-x
PMD3
R/W-x
PMD2
R/W-x
PMD1
R/W-x
PMD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
PMD<7:0>: The value of the program memory word pointed to by PMADRH and PMADRL after a
program memory read command.
DS41341E-page 190
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
REGISTER 18-4: PMADRH: PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS HIGH REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
R/W-x
PMA9
R/W-x
PMA8
PMA12
PMA11
PMA10
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5
bit 4-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
PMA<12:8>: Program Memory Read Address bits
REGISTER 18-5: PMADRL: PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS LOW REGISTER
R/W-x
PMA7
R/W-x
PMA6
R/W-x
PMA5
R/W-x
PMA4
R/W-x
PMA3
R/W-x
PMA2
R/W-x
PMA1
R/W-x
PMA0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
PMA<7:0>: Program Memory Read Address bits
TABLE 18-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM MEMORY READ
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on all
other Resets
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PMCON1
PMADRH
PMADRL
PMDATH
PMDATL
Legend:
Reserved
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
RD
1--- ---0
1--- ---0
---x xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--xx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Program Memory Read Address Register High Byte ---x xxxx
Program Memory Read Address Register Low Byte
Program Memory Read Data Register High Byte
Program Memory Read Data Register Low Byte
xxxx xxxx
--xx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
—
—
x= unknown, u= unchanged, –= unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Program Memory
Read.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 191
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 192
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The following peripheral interrupts can wake the device
from Sleep:
19.0 POWER-DOWN MODE (SLEEP)
The Power-down mode is entered by executing a
SLEEPinstruction.
1. TMR1 Interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as an
asynchronous counter.
If the Watchdog Timer is enabled:
2. USART Receive Interrupt (Synchronous Slave
mode only)
• WDT will be cleared but keeps running.
• PD bit of the STATUS register is cleared.
• TO bit of the STATUS register is set.
• Oscillator driver is turned off.
3. A/D conversion (when A/D clock source is RC)
4. Interrupt-on-change
5. External Interrupt from INT pin
6. Capture event on CCP1 or CCP2
7. SSP Interrupt in SPI or I2C Slave mode
• Timer1 oscillator is unaffected
• I/O ports maintain the status they had before
SLEEPwas executed (driving high, low or high-
impedance).
Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts since
during Sleep, no on-chip clocks are present.
For lowest current consumption in this mode, all I/O
pins should be either at VDD or VSS, with no external
circuitry drawing current from the I/O pin. I/O pins that
are high-impedance inputs should be pulled high or low
externally to avoid switching currents caused by float-
ing inputs. The T0CKI input should also be at VDD or
VSS for lowest current consumption. The contribution
from on-chip pull-ups on PORTB should be considered.
When the SLEEPinstruction is being executed, the next
instruction (PC + 1) is prefetched. For the device to
wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding
interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is
regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is
clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the
instruction after the SLEEPinstruction. If the GIE bit is
set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after
the SLEEP instruction, then branches to the interrupt
address (0004h). In cases where the execution of the
instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the user
should have a NOPafter the SLEEPinstruction.
The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level when
external MCLR is enabled.
Note:
A Reset generated by a WDT time-out
does not drive MCLR pin low.
Note:
If the global interrupts are disabled (GIE is
cleared), but any interrupt source has both
its interrupt enable bit and the correspond-
ing interrupt flag bits set, the device will
immediately wake-up from Sleep. The
SLEEPinstruction is completely executed.
19.1 Wake-up from Sleep
The device can wake-up from Sleep through one of the
following events:
1. External Reset input on MCLR pin.
2. Watchdog Timer wake-up (if WDT was
enabled).
The WDT is cleared when the device wakes up from
Sleep, regardless of the source of wake-up.
3. Interrupt from RB0/INT pin, PORTB change or a
peripheral interrupt.
The first event will cause a device Reset. The two latter
events are considered a continuation of program
execution. The TO and PD bits in the STATUS register
can be used to determine the cause of device Reset.
The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when
Sleep is invoked. TO bit is cleared if WDT wake-up
occurred.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 193
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a
SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to
become set before the SLEEP instruction completes.
To determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed,
test the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEPinstruction
was executed as a NOP.
19.2 Wake-up Using Interrupts
When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and
any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit
and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur:
• If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a
SLEEPinstruction, the SLEEPinstruction will
complete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
prescaler and postscaler (if enabled) will not be
cleared, the TO bit will not be set and the PD bit
will not be cleared.
To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDTinstruction
should be executed before a SLEEPinstruction.
• If the interrupt occurs during or after the
execution of a SLEEPinstruction, the device will
immediately wake-up from Sleep. The SLEEP
instruction will be completely executed before the
wake-up. Therefore, the WDT and WDT prescaler
and postscaler (if enabled) will be cleared, the TO
bit will be set and the PD bit will be cleared.
FIGURE 19-1:
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1(1)
CLKOUT(4)
INT pin
(2)
TOST
INTF flag
(INTCON reg.)
Interrupt Latency(3)
GIE bit
(INTCON reg.)
Processor in
Sleep
Instruction Flow
PC
PC
PC + 1
PC + 2
PC + 2
PC + 2
0004h
0005h
Instruction
Fetched
Inst(0004h)
Inst(PC + 1)
Inst(PC + 2)
Inst(0005h)
Inst(PC) = Sleep
Instruction
Executed
Dummy Cycle
Dummy Cycle
Sleep
Inst(PC + 1)
Inst(PC - 1)
Inst(0004h)
Note 1:
XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed.
TOST = 1024 TOSC (drawing not to scale). This delay does not apply to EC and RC Oscillator modes.
GIE = 1assumed. In this case after wake-up, the processor jumps to 0004h. If GIE = 0, execution will continue in-line.
2:
3:
4:
CLKOUT is not available in XT, HS, LP or EC Oscillator modes, but shown here for timing reference.
TABLE 19-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH POWER-DOWN MODE
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on all
other Resets
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
IOCB
IOCB7
IOCB6
IOCB5
IOCB4
IOCB3
IOCB2
IOCB1
IOCB0
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
---- ---0
0000 0000
---- ---0
INTCON
PIE1
GIE
TMR1GIE
—
PEIE
ADIE
—
T0IE
RCIE
—
INTE
TXIE
—
RBIE
SSPIE
—
T0IF
CCP1IE
—
INTF
TMR2IE
—
RBIF
TMR1IE
CCP2IE
TMR1IF
CCP2IF
PIE2
PIR1
TMR1GIF
—
ADIF
—
RCIF
—
TXIF
—
SSPIF
—
CCP1IF
—
TMR2IF
—
PIR2
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, –= unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used in Power-Down mode.
DS41341E-page 194
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
The device is placed into Program/Verify mode by
holding the ICSPCLK and ICSPDAT pins low then
raising the voltage on MCLR/VPP from 0v to VPP. In
Program/Verify mode the Program Memory, User IDs
and the Configuration Words are programmed through
20.0 IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL
PROGRAMMING™ (ICSP™)
ICSP™ programming allows customers to manufacture
circuit boards with unprogrammed devices. Programming
can be done after the assembly process allowing the
device to be programmed with the most recent firmware
or a custom firmware. Five pins are needed for ICSP™
programming:
serial communications. The ICSPDAT pin is
a
bidirectional I/O used for transferring the serial data and
the ISCPCLK pin is the clock input. For more information
on ICSP™ refer to the “PIC16F72x/PIC16LF72x
Programming Specification” (DS41332).
• ICSPCLK
• ICSPDAT
• MCLR/VPP
• VDD
Note:
The ICD 2 produces a VPP voltage greater
than the maximum VPP specification of the
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X. When using
this programmer, an external circuit, such
as the AC164112 MPLAB ICD 2 VPP volt-
age limiter, is required to keep the VPP
voltage within the device specifications.
• VSS
FIGURE 20-1:
TYPICAL CONNECTION FOR ICSP™ PROGRAMMING
External
Programming
Signals
Device to be
Programmed
VDD
VDD
VDD
10k
VPP
MCLR/VPP
VSS
GND
Data
ICSPDAT
ICSPCLK
Clock
*
*
*
To Normal Connections
Isolation devices (as required).
*
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 195
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 196
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 21-1: OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS
21.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X instruction set is highly
orthogonal and is comprised of three basic categories:
Field
Description
f
W
b
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
Working register (accumulator)
• Byte-oriented operations
• Bit-oriented operations
• Literal and control operations
Bit address within an 8-bit file register
Literal field, constant data or label
k
Each PIC16 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an
opcode, which specifies the instruction type and one or
more operands, which further specify the operation of
the instruction. The formats for each of the categories
is presented in Figure 21-1, while the various opcode
fields are summarized in Table 21-1.
x
Don’t care location (= 0or 1).
The assembler will generate code with x = 0.
It is the recommended form of use for
compatibility with all Microchip software tools.
d
Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,
d = 1: store result in file register f.
Default is d = 1.
Table 21-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASMTM assembler.
For byte-oriented instructions, ‘f’ represents a file
register designator and ‘d’ represents a destination
designator. The file register designator specifies which
file register is to be used by the instruction.
PC
TO
C
Program Counter
Time-out bit
Carry bit
DC
Z
Digit carry bit
Zero bit
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is
placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
PD
Power-down bit
FIGURE 21-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR
INSTRUCTIONS
For bit-oriented instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field
designator, which selects the bit affected by the
operation, while ‘f’ represents the address of the file in
which the bit is located.
Byte-oriented file register operations
13
8
7
6
0
For literal and control operations, ‘k’ represents an
8-bit or 11-bit constant, or literal value.
OPCODE
d
f (FILE #)
d = 0for destination W
d = 1for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address
One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods;
for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, this gives a
nominal instruction execution time of 1 μs. All
instructions are executed within a single instruction
cycle, unless a conditional test is true, or the program
counter is changed as a result of an instruction. When
this occurs, the execution takes two instruction cycles,
with the second cycle executed as a NOP.
Bit-oriented file register operations
13 10 9
b (BIT #)
7
6
0
OPCODE
f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
All instruction examples use the format ‘0xhh’ to
represent a hexadecimal number, where ‘h’ signifies a
hexadecimal digit.
Literal and control operations
General
13
8
7
0
0
21.1 Read-Modify-Write Operations
OPCODE
k (literal)
Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of
the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W)
operation. The register is read, the data is modified,
and the result is stored according to either the instruc-
tion, or the destination designator ‘d’. A read operation
is performed on a register even if the instruction writes
to that register.
k = 8-bit immediate value
CALLand GOTOinstructions only
13 11 10
OPCODE
k = 11-bit immediate value
k (literal)
For example, a CLRF PORTB instruction will read
PORTB, clear all the data bits, then write the result
back to PORTB. This example would have the unin-
tended consequence of clearing the condition that set
the RBIF flag.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 197
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 21-2: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X INSTRUCTION SET
14-Bit Opcode
Mnemonic,
Operands
Status
Affected
Description
Cycles
Notes
MSb
LSb
BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
ADDWF
ANDWF
CLRF
CLRW
COMF
DECF
DECFSZ
INCF
INCFSZ
IORWF
MOVF
MOVWF
NOP
f, d
f, d
f
Add W and f
AND W with f
Clear f
Clear W
Complement f
Decrement f
Decrement f, Skip if 0
Increment f
Increment f, Skip if 0
Inclusive OR W with f
Move f
1
1
1
1
1
1
1(2)
1
1(2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
00 0111 dfff ffff C, DC, Z
1, 2
1, 2
2
00 0101 dfff ffff
00 0001 lfff ffff
00 0001 0xxx xxxx
00 1001 dfff ffff
00 0011 dfff ffff
00 1011 dfff ffff
00 1010 dfff ffff
00 1111 dfff ffff
00 0100 dfff ffff
00 1000 dfff ffff
00 0000 lfff ffff
00 0000 0xx0 0000
00 1101 dfff ffff
00 1100 dfff ffff
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
–
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2
1, 2
Z
Z
Z
Move W to f
No Operation
–
RLF
RRF
SUBWF
SWAPF
XORWF
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
Rotate Left f through Carry
Rotate Right f through Carry
Subtract W from f
Swap nibbles in f
Exclusive OR W with f
C
C
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
00 0010 dfff ffff C, DC, Z
00 1110 dfff ffff
00 0110 dfff ffff
Z
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
BCF
BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS
f, b
f, b
f, b
f, b
Bit Clear f
Bit Set f
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
Bit Test f, Skip if Set
1
1
1 (2)
1 (2)
01 00bb bfff ffff
1, 2
1, 2
3
01 01bb bfff ffff
01 10bb bfff ffff
01 11bb bfff ffff
3
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
ADDLW
ANDLW
CALL
CLRWDT
GOTO
IORLW
MOVLW
RETFIE
RETLW
RETURN
SLEEP
SUBLW
XORLW
k
k
k
–
k
k
k
–
k
–
–
k
k
Add literal and W
AND literal with W
Call Subroutine
Clear Watchdog Timer
Go to address
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
11 111x kkkk kkkk C, DC, Z
11 1001 kkkk kkkk
10 0kkk kkkk kkkk
Z
00 0000 0110 0100 TO, PD
10 1kkk kkkk kkkk
Inclusive OR literal with W
Move literal to W
11 1000 kkkk kkkk
11 00xx kkkk kkkk
00 0000 0000 1001
11 01xx kkkk kkkk
00 0000 0000 1000
Z
Return from interrupt
Return with literal in W
Return from Subroutine
Go into Standby mode
Subtract W from literal
Exclusive OR literal with W
00 0000 0110 0011 TO, PD
11 110x kkkk kkkk C, DC, Z
11 1010 kkkk kkkk
Z
Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTA, 1), the value used will be that value present
on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external
device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned to the Timer0 module.
3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified, or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second
cycle is executed as a NOP.
DS41341E-page 198
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
21.2 Instruction Descriptions
BCF
Bit Clear f
ADDLW
Add literal and W
Syntax:
[ label ] BCF f,b
Syntax:
[ label ] ADDLW
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
k
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Description:
(W) + k → (W)
C, DC, Z
Operation:
0→ (f<b>)
Status Affected:
Description:
None
The contents of the W register
are added to the eight-bit literal ‘k’
and the result is placed in the
W register.
Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared.
BSF
Bit Set f
ADDWF
Add W and f
Syntax:
[ label ] BSF f,b
Syntax:
[ label ] ADDWF f,d
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
1→ (f<b>)
Operation:
(W) + (f) → (destination)
Status Affected:
Description:
None
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is set.
Description:
Add the contents of the W register
with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in the W register. If
‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in register ‘f’.
BTFSC
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
ANDLW
AND literal with W
Syntax:
[ label ] BTFSC f,b
Syntax:
[ label ] ANDLW
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
k
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Description:
(W) .AND. (k) → (W)
Operation:
skip if (f<b>) = 0
Z
Status Affected: None
The contents of W register are
AND’ed with the eight-bit literal
‘k’. The result is placed in the W
register.
Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, the next
instruction is executed.
If bit ‘b’, in register ‘f’, is ‘0’, the
next instruction is discarded, and
a NOPis executed instead, making
this a 2-cycle instruction.
ANDWF
AND W with f
Syntax:
[ label ] ANDWF f,d
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) .AND. (f) → (destination)
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
AND the W register with register
‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in
the W register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the
result is stored back in register ‘f’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 199
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
CLRWDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
BTFSS
Bit Test f, Skip if Set
Syntax:
[ label ] CLRWDT
Syntax:
[ label ] BTFSS f,b
Operands:
Operation:
None
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
0 ≤ b < 7
00h → WDT
0→ WDT prescaler,
1→ TO
Operation:
skip if (f<b>) = 1
Status Affected: None
1→ PD
Description:
If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, the next
instruction is executed.
Status Affected: TO, PD
Description:
CLRWDTinstruction resets the
Watchdog Timer. It also resets the
prescaler of the WDT.
If bit ‘b’ is ‘1’, then the next
instruction is discarded and a NOP
is executed instead, making this a
2-cycle instruction.
Status bits TO and PD are set.
CALL
Call Subroutine
COMF
Complement f
Syntax:
[ label ] CALL k
0 ≤ k ≤ 2047
Syntax:
[ label ] COMF f,d
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
(PC)+ 1→ TOS,
k → PC<10:0>,
(PCLATH<4:3>) → PC<12:11>
Operation:
(f) → (destination)
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
Status Affected: None
The contents of register ‘f’ are
complemented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’,
the result is stored back in
register ‘f’.
Description:
Call Subroutine. First, return
address (PC + 1) is pushed onto
the stack. The eleven-bit
immediate address is loaded into
PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of
the PC are loaded from PCLATH.
CALLis a two-cycle instruction.
CLRF
Clear f
DECF
Decrement f
Syntax:
[ label ] CLRF
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
f
Syntax:
[ label ] DECF f,d
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
00h → (f)
1→ Z
Operation:
(f) - 1 → (destination)
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
The contents of register ‘f’ are
cleared and the Z bit is set.
Decrement register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’,
the result is stored in the W
register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’.
CLRW
Clear W
Syntax:
[ label ] CLRW
Operands:
Operation:
None
00h → (W)
1→ Z
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z)
is set.
DS41341E-page 200
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
DECFSZ
Decrement f, Skip if 0
INCFSZ
Increment f, Skip if 0
Syntax:
[ label ] DECFSZ f,d
Syntax:
[ label ] INCFSZ f,d
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) - 1 → (destination);
skip if result = 0
Operation:
(f) + 1 → (destination),
skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None
Status Affected: None
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is
‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’.
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is
‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’.
If the result is ‘1’, the next
instruction is executed. If the
result is ‘0’, then a NOPis
executed instead, making it a
2-cycle instruction.
If the result is ‘1’, the next
instruction is executed. If the
result is ‘0’, a NOPis executed
instead, making it a 2-cycle
instruction.
GOTO
Unconditional Branch
IORLW
Inclusive OR literal with W
Syntax:
[ label ] GOTO
0 ≤ k ≤ 2047
k
Syntax:
[ label ] IORLW k
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operands:
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Description:
Operation:
k → PC<10:0>
PCLATH<4:3> → PC<12:11>
(W) .OR. k → (W)
Z
Status Affected: None
The contents of the W register are
OR’ed with the eight-bit literal ‘k’.
The result is placed in the
W register.
Description:
GOTOis an unconditional branch.
The eleven-bit immediate value is
loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The
upper bits of PC are loaded from
PCLATH<4:3>. GOTOis a
two-cycle instruction.
IORWF
Inclusive OR W with f
INCF
Increment f
Syntax:
[ label ] IORWF f,d
Syntax:
[ label ] INCF f,d
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) .OR. (f) → (destination)
Operation:
(f) + 1 → (destination)
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
Inclusive OR the W register with
register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is
‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’.
The contents of register ‘f’ are
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is
‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 201
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
MOVWF
Move W to f
[ label ] MOVWF
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
(W) → (f)
MOVF
Move f
Syntax:
f
Syntax:
Operands:
[ label ] MOVF f,d
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Description:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) → (dest)
None
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
Move data from W register to
register ‘f’.
The contents of register f is
moved to a destination dependent
upon the status of d. If d = 0,
destination is W register. If d = 1,
the destination is file register f
itself. d = 1is useful to test a file
register since status flag Z is
affected.
Words:
1
1
Cycles:
Example:
MOVW
F
OPTION
Before Instruction
OPTION = 0xFF
Words:
1
1
W
=
0x4F
After Instruction
Cycles:
Example:
OPTION = 0x4F
W
MOVF
FSR, 0
=
0x4F
After Instruction
W
=
value in FSR
register
Z
=
1
MOVLW
Syntax:
Move literal to W
NOP
No Operation
[ label ] MOVLW k
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Syntax:
[ label ] NOP
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Description:
Words:
None
k → (W)
No operation
Status Affected: None
None
Description:
The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into
W register. The “don’t cares” will
assemble as ‘0’s.
No operation.
1
Cycles:
1
Words:
1
1
NOP
Example:
Cycles:
Example:
MOVLW
0x5A
After Instruction
W
=
0x5A
DS41341E-page 202
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
RETFIE
Return from Interrupt
[ label ] RETFIE
None
RETLW
Return with literal in W
[ label ] RETLW k
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Syntax:
Syntax:
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
Operation:
TOS → PC,
1→ GIE
k → (W);
TOS → PC
Status Affected:
Description:
None
Status Affected:
Description:
None
Return from Interrupt. Stack is
POPed and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is
loaded in the PC. Interrupts are
enabled by setting Global
Interrupt Enable bit, GIE
The W register is loaded with the
eight bit literal ‘k’. The program
counter is loaded from the top of
the stack (the return address).
This is a two-cycle instruction.
(INTCON<7>). This is a two-cycle
instruction.
Words:
1
2
Cycles:
Example:
Words:
1
CALL TABLE;W contains
table
Cycles:
Example:
2
RETFIE
;offset value
•
•
•
;W now has table value
TABLE
After Interrupt
PC = TOS
GIE =
1
ADDWF PC ;W = offset
RETLW k1 ;Begin table
RETLW k2
;
•
•
•
RETLW kn ; End of table
Before Instruction
W
=
0x07
After Instruction
W
=
value of k8
RETURN
Return from Subroutine
Syntax:
[ label ] RETURN
None
Operands:
Operation:
TOS → PC
Status Affected: None
Description: Return from subroutine. The stack
is POPed and the top of the stack
(TOS) is loaded into the program
counter. This is a two-cycle
instruction.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 203
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
RLF
Rotate Left f through Carry
SLEEP
Enter Sleep mode
[ label ] SLEEP
None
Syntax:
Operands:
[ label ]
RLF f,d
Syntax:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
00h → WDT,
0→ WDT prescaler,
1→ TO,
Operation:
See description below
C
Status Affected:
Description:
0→ PD
The contents of register ‘f’ are
rotated one bit to the left through
the Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is placed in the W register.
If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored
back in register ‘f’.
Status Affected:
Description:
TO, PD
The power-down Status bit, PD is
cleared. Time-out Status bit, TO
is set. Watchdog Timer and its
prescaler are cleared.
The processor is put into Sleep
mode with the oscillator stopped.
C
Register f
Words:
1
1
Cycles:
Example:
RLF
REG1,0
Before Instruction
REG1
C
=
=
1110 0110
0
After Instruction
REG1
W
C
=
=
=
1110 0110
1100 1100
1
SUBLW
Subtract W from literal
RRF
Rotate Right f through Carry
Syntax:
[ label ] SUBLW k
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Syntax:
[ label ] RRF f,d
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
k - (W) → (W)
Operation:
See description below
C
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Status Affected:
Description:
Description: The W register is subtracted (2’s
complement method) from the
eight-bit literal ‘k’. The result is
placed in the W register.
The contents of register ‘f’ are
rotated one bit to the right through
the Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is placed in the W register.
If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed
back in register ‘f’.
C = 0
W > k
C = 1
W ≤ k
DC = 0
DC = 1
W<3:0> > k<3:0>
W<3:0> ≤ k<3:0>
C
Register f
DS41341E-page 204
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
SUBWF
Subtract W from f
XORLW
Exclusive OR literal with W
Syntax:
[ label ] SUBWF f,d
Syntax:
[ label ] XORLW k
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Description:
(W) .XOR. k → (W)
Z
Operation:
(f) - (W) → (destination)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
The contents of the W register
are XOR’ed with the eight-bit
literal ‘k’. The result is placed in
the W register.
Description:
Subtract (2’s complement method)
W register from register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is
‘0’, the result is stored in the W
register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f.
C = 0
W > f
C = 1
W ≤ f
DC = 0
DC = 1
W<3:0> > f<3:0>
W<3:0> ≤ f<3:0>
SWAPF
Swap Nibbles in f
XORWF
Exclusive OR W with f
Syntax:
[ label ] SWAPF f,d
Syntax:
[ label ] XORWF f,d
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f<3:0>) → (destination<7:4>),
(f<7:4>) → (destination<3:0>)
Operation:
(W) .XOR. (f) → (destination)
Status Affected:
Description:
Z
Status Affected: None
Exclusive OR the contents of the
W register with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is
‘0’, the result is stored in the W
register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’.
Description: The upper and lower nibbles of
register ‘f’ are exchanged. If ‘d’ is
‘0’, the result is placed in the W
register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed in register ‘f’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 205
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 206
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
1.1
MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software
1.0
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
The PIC® microcontrollers and dsPIC® digital signal
controllers are supported with a full range of software
and hardware development tools:
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software
development previously unseen in the 8/16/32-bit
microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows®
operating system-based application that contains:
• Integrated Development Environment
- MPLAB® IDE Software
• A single graphical interface to all debugging tools
- Simulator
• Compilers/Assemblers/Linkers
- MPLAB C Compiler for Various Device
Families
- Programmer (sold separately)
- In-Circuit Emulator (sold separately)
- In-Circuit Debugger (sold separately)
• A full-featured editor with color-coded context
• A multiple project manager
- HI-TECH C for Various Device Families
- MPASMTM Assembler
- MPLINKTM Object Linker/
MPLIBTM Object Librarian
- MPLAB Assembler/Linker/Librarian for
Various Device Families
• Customizable data windows with direct edit of
contents
• Simulators
• High-level source code debugging
• Mouse over variable inspection
- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
• Emulators
• Drag and drop variables from source to watch
windows
- MPLAB REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator
• In-Circuit Debuggers
• Extensive on-line help
• Integration of select third party tools, such as
IAR C Compilers
- MPLAB ICD 3
- PICkit™ 3 Debug Express
• Device Programmers
- PICkit™ 2 Programmer
- MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
The MPLAB IDE allows you to:
• Edit your source files (either C or assembly)
• One-touch compile or assemble, and download to
emulator and simulator tools (automatically
updates all project information)
• Low-Cost Demonstration/Development Boards,
Evaluation Kits, and Starter Kits
• Debug using:
- Source files (C or assembly)
- Mixed C and assembly
- Machine code
MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a
single development paradigm, from the cost-effective
simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to
full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning
curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility
and power.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 207
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
1.2
MPLAB C Compilers for Various
Device Families
1.5
MPLINK Object Linker/
MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLAB C Compiler code development systems
are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip’s PIC18,
PIC24 and PIC32 families of microcontrollers and the
dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 families of digital signal control-
lers. These compilers provide powerful integration
capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of
use.
The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable
objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the
MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects
from precompiled libraries, using directives from a
linker script.
The MPLIB Object Librarian manages the creation and
modification of library files of precompiled code. When
a routine from a library is called from a source file, only
the modules that contain that routine will be linked in
with the application. This allows large libraries to be
used efficiently in many different applications.
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE
debugger.
1.3
HI-TECH C for Various Device
Families
The object linker/library features include:
• Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many
smaller files
The HI-TECH C Compiler code development systems
are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip’s PIC
family of microcontrollers and the dsPIC family of digital
signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful
integration capabilities, omniscient code generation
and ease of use.
• Enhanced code maintainability by grouping
related modules together
• Flexible creation of libraries with easy module
listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
1.6
MPLAB Assembler, Linker and
Librarian for Various Device
Families
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE
debugger.
The compilers include a macro assembler, linker, pre-
processor, and one-step driver, and can run on multiple
platforms.
MPLAB Assembler produces relocatable machine
code from symbolic assembly language for PIC24,
PIC32 and dsPIC devices. MPLAB C Compiler uses
the assembler to produce its object file. The assembler
generates relocatable object files that can then be
archived or linked with other relocatable object files and
archives to create an executable file. Notable features
of the assembler include:
1.4
MPASM Assembler
The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal
macro assembler for PIC10/12/16/18 MCUs.
The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object
files for the MPLINK Object Linker, Intel® standard HEX
files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol
reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines
and generated machine code and COFF files for
debugging.
• Support for the entire device instruction set
• Support for fixed-point and floating-point data
• Command line interface
• Rich directive set
• Flexible macro language
The MPASM Assembler features include:
• Integration into MPLAB IDE projects
• MPLAB IDE compatibility
• User-defined macros to streamline
assembly code
• Conditional assembly for multi-purpose
source files
• Directives that allow complete control over the
assembly process
DS41341E-page 208
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
1.7
MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
1.9
MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger
System
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code
development in a PC-hosted environment by simulat-
ing the PIC MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs on an instruction
level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be
logged to files for further run-time analysis. The trace
buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of
the simulator to record and track program execution,
actions on I/O, most peripherals and internal registers.
MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger System is Micro-
chip's most cost effective high-speed hardware
debugger/programmer for Microchip Flash Digital Sig-
nal Controller (DSC) and microcontroller (MCU)
devices. It debugs and programs PIC® Flash microcon-
trollers and dsPIC® DSCs with the powerful, yet easy-
to-use graphical user interface of MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment (IDE).
The MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger probe is con-
nected to the design engineer's PC using a high-speed
USB 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with a
connector compatible with the MPLAB ICD 2 or MPLAB
REAL ICE systems (RJ-11). MPLAB ICD 3 supports all
MPLAB ICD 2 headers.
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports
symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C Compilers,
and the MPASM and MPLAB Assemblers. The soft-
ware simulator offers the flexibility to develop and
debug code outside of the hardware laboratory envi-
ronment, making it an excellent, economical software
development tool.
1.10 PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/
Programmer and
1.8
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit
Emulator System
PICkit 3 Debug Express
The MPLAB PICkit 3 allows debugging and program-
ming of PIC® and dsPIC® Flash microcontrollers at a
most affordable price point using the powerful graphical
user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment (IDE). The MPLAB PICkit 3 is connected
to the design engineer's PC using a full speed USB
interface and can be connected to the target via an
Microchip debug (RJ-11) connector (compatible with
MPLAB ICD 3 and MPLAB REAL ICE). The connector
uses two device I/O pins and the reset line to imple-
ment in-circuit debugging and In-Circuit Serial Pro-
gramming™.
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System is
Microchip’s next generation high-speed emulator for
Microchip Flash DSC and MCU devices. It debugs and
programs PIC® Flash MCUs and dsPIC® Flash DSCs
with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of
the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
included with each kit.
The emulator is connected to the design engineer’s PC
using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and is connected
to the target with either a connector compatible with in-
circuit debugger systems (RJ11) or with the new high-
speed, noise tolerant, Low-Voltage Differential Signal
(LVDS) interconnection (CAT5).
The PICkit 3 Debug Express include the PICkit 3, demo
board and microcontroller, hookup cables and CDROM
with user’s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and
MPLAB IDE software.
The emulator is field upgradable through future firmware
downloads in MPLAB IDE. In upcoming releases of
MPLAB IDE, new devices will be supported, and new
features will be added. MPLAB REAL ICE offers signifi-
cant advantages over competitive emulators including
low-cost, full-speed emulation, run-time variable
watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a rugge-
dized probe interface and long (up to three meters) inter-
connection cables.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 209
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
1.11 PICkit 2 Development
Programmer/Debugger and
PICkit 2 Debug Express
1.13 Demonstration/Development
Boards, Evaluation Kits, and
Starter Kits
The PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer/Debugger is
a low-cost development tool with an easy to use inter-
face for programming and debugging Microchip’s Flash
families of microcontrollers. The full featured
Windows® programming interface supports baseline
A wide variety of demonstration, development and
evaluation boards for various PIC MCUs and dsPIC
DSCs allows quick application development on fully func-
tional systems. Most boards include prototyping areas for
adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware
and source code for examination and modification.
(PIC10F,
PIC12F5xx,
PIC16F5xx),
midrange
(PIC12F6xx, PIC16F), PIC18F, PIC24, dsPIC30,
dsPIC33, and PIC32 families of 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit
microcontrollers, and many Microchip Serial EEPROM
products. With Microchip’s powerful MPLAB Integrated
The boards support a variety of features, including LEDs,
temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232
interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional
EEPROM memory.
Development Environment (IDE) the PICkit™
2
enables in-circuit debugging on most PIC® microcon-
trollers. In-Circuit-Debugging runs, halts and single
steps the program while the PIC microcontroller is
embedded in the application. When halted at a break-
point, the file registers can be examined and modified.
The demonstration and development boards can be
used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom
circuits and for learning about various microcontroller
applications.
In addition to the PICDEM™ and dsPICDEM™ demon-
stration/development board series of circuits, Microchip
has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software
The PICkit 2 Debug Express include the PICkit 2, demo
board and microcontroller, hookup cables and CDROM
with user’s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and
MPLAB IDE software.
®
for analog filter design, KEELOQ security ICs, CAN,
IrDA®, PowerSmart battery management, SEEVAL®
evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate
sensing, plus many more.
1.12 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
Also available are starter kits that contain everything
needed to experience the specified device. This usually
includes a single application and debug capability, all
on one board.
The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal,
CE compliant device programmer with programmable
voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for
maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display
(128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modu-
lar, detachable socket assembly to support various
package types. The ICSP™ cable assembly is included
as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB
PM3 Device Programmer can read, verify and program
PIC devices without a PC connection. It can also set
code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3
connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable.
The MPLAB PM3 has high-speed communications and
optimized algorithms for quick programming of large
memory devices and incorporates an MMC card for file
storage and data applications.
Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com)
for the complete list of demonstration, development
and evaluation kits.
DS41341E-page 210
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
(†)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambient temperature under bias....................................................................................................... -40°C to +125°C
Storage temperature ........................................................................................................................ -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS, PIC16F72X ............................................................................... -0.3V to +6.5V
Voltage on VCAP pin with respect to VSS, PIC16F72X ....................................................................... -0.3V to +4.0V
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS, PIC16LF72X ............................................................................. -0.3V to +4.0V
Voltage on MCLR with respect to Vss ................................................................................................. -0.3V to +9.0V
Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ........................................................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Total power dissipation(1) ...............................................................................................................................800 mW
Maximum current out of VSS pin ...................................................................................................................... 95 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin ......................................................................................................................... 70 mA
Clamp current, IK (VPIN < 0 or VPIN > VDD)................................................................................................................± 20 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin....................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin .............................................................................................. 25 mA
Maximum current sunk by all ports(2), -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial ........................................................ 200 mA
Maximum current sunk by all ports(2), -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended........................................................ 90 mA
Maximum current sourced by all ports(2), 40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial ................................................... 140 mA
Maximum current sourced by all ports(2), -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended................................................... 65 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD – ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD – VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOl x
IOL).
† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure above maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 211
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E (Industrial, Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16LF72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Param.
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Supply Voltage
Min.
Typ† Max. Units
Conditions
D001
VDD
PIC16LF72X
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.5
—
—
—
—
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
V
FOSC ≤ 16 MHz: HFINTOSC, EC
FOSC ≤ 4 MHz
FOSC ≤ 20 MHz, EC
FOSC ≤ 20 MHz, HS
V
V
V
D001
PIC16F72X
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.5
—
—
—
—
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
V
V
V
V
FOSC ≤ 16 MHz: HFINTOSC, EC
FOSC ≤ 4 MHz
FOSC ≤ 20 MHz, EC
FOSC ≤ 20 MHz, HS
(1)
D002*
D002*
VDR
RAM Data Retention Voltage
PIC16LF72X
1.5
1.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
V
V
V
Device in Sleep mode
Device in Sleep mode
PIC16F72X
VPOR*
Power-on Reset Release Voltage
1.6
VPORR* Power-on Reset Rearm Voltage
PIC16LF72X
—
—
0.8
1.7
—
—
V
V
Device in Sleep mode
Device in Sleep mode
PIC16F72X
D003
VFVR
Fixed Voltage Reference Voltage,
Initial Accuracy
-5.5
-5.5
-5.5
—
—
—
5.5
5.5
5.5
%
%
%
VFVR = 1.024V, VDD ≥ 2.5V
VFVR = 2.048V, VDD ≥ 2.5V
VFVR = 4.096V, VDD ≥ 4.75V;
-40 ≤ TA ≤ 85°C
-6
-6
-6
—
—
—
6
6
6
%
%
%
VFVR = 1.024V, VDD ≥ 2.5V
VFVR = 2.048V, VDD ≥ 2.5V
VFVR = 4.096V, VDD ≥ 4.75V;
-40 ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
D004*
SVDD
VDD Rise Rate to ensure internal
Power-on Reset signal
0.05
—
—
V/ms See Section 3.2 “Power-on Reset
(POR)” for details.
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.3V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in Sleep mode without losing RAM data.
DS41341E-page 212
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-1:
POR AND POR REARM WITH SLOW RISING VDD
VDD
VPOR
VPORR
VSS
NPOR
POR REARM
VSS
(3)
(2)
TPOR
TVLOW
Note 1: When NPOR is low, the device is held in Reset.
2: TPOR 1 μs typical.
3: TVLOW 2.7 μs typical.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 213
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E (Industrial, Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16LF72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Conditions
Param
No.
Device
Characteristics
Min.
Typ†
Max.
Units
VDD
Note
(1, 2)
Supply Current (IDD)
LDO Regulator
D009
—
350
—
μA
—
HS, EC OR INTOSC/INTOSCIO (8-16 MHZ)
Clock modes with all VCAP pins disabled
—
—
—
50
30
5
—
—
—
μA
μA
μA
—
—
—
All VCAP pins disabled
VCAP enabled on RA0, RA5 or RA6
LP Clock mode and Sleep (requires FVR and
BOR to be disabled)
D010
D010
—
—
7.0
9.0
12
14
μA
μA
1.8
3.0
FOSC = 32 kHz
LP Oscillator mode (Note 4),
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
—
—
—
—
—
11
14
20
22
24
12
18
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
FOSC = 32 kHz
LP Oscillator mode (Note 4),
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
15
D011
D011
7.0
9.0
FOSC = 32 kHz
LP Oscillator mode
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11
21
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
FOSC = 32 kHz
LP Oscillator mode (Note 4)
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
14
25
15
27
D011
D011
110
150
120
180
240
230
400
250
420
500
125
230
150
225
250
150
215
175
250
300
300
600
350
650
750
180
270
205
320
410
FOSC = 1 MHz
XT Oscillator mode
FOSC = 1 MHz
XT Oscillator mode (Note 5)
D012
D012
FOSC = 4 MHz
XT Oscillator mode
FOSC = 4 MHz
XT Oscillator mode (Note 5)
D013
D013
FOSC = 1 MHz
EC Oscillator mode
FOSC = 1 MHz
EC Oscillator mode (Note 5)
Note 1: The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from
rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT disabled.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current
consumption.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be extended
by the formula IR = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: FVR and BOR are disabled.
5: 0.1 μF capacitor on VCAP (RA0).
DS41341E-page 214
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E (Industrial, Extended) (Continued)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16LF72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Conditions
Param
No.
Device
Characteristics
Min.
Typ†
Max.
Units
VDD
Note
(1, 2)
Supply Current (IDD)
D014
D014
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
290
460
300
450
500
100
120
115
135
150
650
1000
625
1000
1100
1.0
330
500
430
655
730
130
150
195
200
220
800
1200
850
1200
1500
1.2
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
mA
mA
mA
mA
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
3.0
3.6
3.0
5.0
FOSC = 4 MHz
EC Oscillator mode
FOSC = 4 MHz
EC Oscillator mode (Note 5)
D015
D015
FOSC = 500 kHz
MFINTOSC mode
FOSC = 500 kHz
MFINTOSC mode (Note 5)
D016
D016
FOSC = 8 MHz
HFINTOSC mode
FOSC = 8 MHz
HFINTOSC mode (Note 5)
D017
D017
FOSC = 16 MHz
HFINTOSC mode
1.5
1.85
1.2
1
FOSC = 16 MHz
HFINTOSC mode (Note 5)
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.1
D018
D018
210
340
225
360
410
1.6
240
380
320
445
650
1.9
FOSC = 4 MHz
EXTRC mode (Note 3, Note 5)
FOSC = 4 MHz
EXTRC mode (Note 3, Note 5)
D019
D019
FOSC = 20 MHz
HS Oscillator mode
2.0
2.8
1.6
2
FOSC = 20 MHz
HS Oscillator mode (Note 5)
1.9
3.2
Note 1: The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from
rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT disabled.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current
consumption.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be extended
by the formula IR = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: FVR and BOR are disabled.
5: 0.1 μF capacitor on VCAP (RA0).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 215
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E (Power-Down)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16LF72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Conditions
Param
No.
Max.
+85°C +125°C
Max.
Device Characteristics
Min.
Typ†
Units
VDD
Note
(2)
Power-down Base Current (IPD)
D020
D020
—
0.02
0.08
4.3
5
0.7
1.0
10.2
10.5
11.8
1.7
2.5
13.5
14.5
16
3.9
4.3
17
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
WDT, BOR, FVR, and T1OSC
disabled, all Peripherals Inactive
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
WDT, BOR, FVR, and T1OSC
disabled, all Peripherals Inactive
18
5.5
0.5
0.8
6
21
D021
D021
4.1
4.8
16.4
16.8
18.7
19
LPWDT Current (Note 1)
LPWDT Current (Note 1)
6.5
7.5
8.5
8.5
23
25
26
—
D021A
D021A
14
FVR current (Note 1. Note 3)
14
20
44
48
FVR current (Note 1, Note 3,
Note 5)
45
55
60
70
D022
D022
—
—
BOR Current (Note 1, Note 3)
7.5
—
12
22
—
—
BOR Current (Note 1, Note 3,
Note 5)
23
25
0.6
1.8
4.5
6
42
49
46
50
D026
D026
2
—
T1OSC Current (Note 1)
T1OSC Current (Note 1)
3.0
11.1
12.5
13.5
—
—
—
7
—
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: The peripheral current is the sum of the base IDD or IPD and the additional current consumed when this peripheral is
enabled. The peripheral Δ current can be determined by subtracting the base IDD or IPD current from this limit. Max
values should be used when calculating total current consumption.
2: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD.
3: Fixed Voltage Reference is automatically enabled whenever the BOR is enabled
4: A/D oscillator source is FRC
5: 0.1 μF capacitor on VCAP (RA0).
DS41341E-page 216
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E (Power-Down) (Continued)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16LF72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F72X
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Conditions
Param
No.
Max.
+85°C +125°C
Max.
Device Characteristics
Min.
Typ†
Units
VDD
Note
(2)
Power-down Base Current (IPD)
D027
D027
—
0.06
0.08
6
0.7
1.0
10.7
10.6
11.9
400
400
430
430
430
3.2
4.4
13
5.0
5.5
18
20
22
—
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
1.8
3.0
1.8
3.0
5.0
A/D Current (Note 1, Note 4), no
conversion in progress
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
A/D Current (Note 1, Note 4), no
conversion in progress
7
7.2
250
250
280
280
280
2.2
3.3
6.5
8
D027A
D027A
A/D Current (Note 1, Note 4),
conversion in progress
—
—
A/D Current (Note 1, Note 4,
Note 5), conversion in progress
—
—
D028
D028
14.4
15.6
21
23
25
17
18
23
24
27
25
44
31
50
58
Cap Sense Low Power
Oscillator mode
Cap Sense Low Power
Oscillator mode
14
8
14
D028A
D028A
4.2
6
6
Cap Sense Medium Power
Oscillator mode
7
8.5
11
15.5
17
Cap Sense Medium Power
Oscillator mode
11
18
D028B
D028B
12
14
Cap Sense High Power
Oscillator mode
32
35
16
20
Cap Sense High Power
Oscillator mode
36
41
42
49
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: The peripheral current is the sum of the base IDD or IPD and the additional current consumed when this peripheral is
enabled. The peripheral Δ current can be determined by subtracting the base IDD or IPD current from this limit. Max
values should be used when calculating total current consumption.
2: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD.
3: Fixed Voltage Reference is automatically enabled whenever the BOR is enabled
4: A/D oscillator source is FRC
5: 0.1 μF capacitor on VCAP (RA0).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 217
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.4 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Param
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ†
Max.
Units
Conditions
VIL
Input Low Voltage
I/O PORT:
D030
D030A
D031
with TTL buffer
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.8
V
V
V
V
V
V
4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
0.15 VDD
0.2 VDD
0.3 VDD
0.2 VDD
0.3 VDD
1.8V ≤ VDD ≤ 4.5V
2.0V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
with Schmitt Trigger buffer
2
with I C™ levels
(1)
D032
MCLR, OSC1 (RC mode)
D033A
OSC1 (HS mode)
Input High Voltage
I/O ports:
VIH
—
—
—
—
—
—
D040
with TTL buffer
2.0
V
V
4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
1.8V ≤ VDD ≤ 4.5V
D040A
0.25 VDD +
0.8
D041
with Schmitt Trigger buffer
0.8 VDD
0.7 VDD
0.8 VDD
0.7 VDD
0.9 VDD
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
V
V
V
V
V
2.0V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
2
with I C™ levels
D042
MCLR
D043A
D043B
OSC1 (HS mode)
OSC1 (RC mode)
(Note 1)
(2)
IIL
Input Leakage Current
D060
I/O ports
—
—
± 5
± 125
nA
VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, Pin at high-
impedance, 85°C
± 5
± 1000
± 200
nA 125°C
(3)
D061
MCLR
± 50
nA
μA
V
VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, 85°C
IPUR
VOL
PORTB Weak Pull-up Current
D070*
25
25
100
140
200
300
VDD = 3.3V, VPIN = VSS
VDD = 5.0V, VPIN = VSS
(4)
Output Low Voltage
D080
D090
D101*
I/O ports
IOL = 8mA, VDD = 5V
IOL = 6mA, VDD = 3.3V
IOL = 1.8mA, VDD = 1.8V
—
—
—
0.6
—
(4)
VOH
Output High Voltage
I/O ports
IOH = 3.5mA, VDD = 5V
IOH = 3mA, VDD = 3.3V
IOH = 1mA, VDD = 1.8V
VDD - 0.7
V
Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins
COSC2 OSC2 pin
—
—
—
15
50
pF
pF
In XT, HS and LP modes when
external clock is used to drive
OSC1
D101A* CIO
All I/O pins
TBD = To Be Determined
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
—
Legend:
*
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended to use an external
clock in RC mode.
2: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
3: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent
normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
4: Including OSC2 in CLKOUT mode.
DS41341E-page 218
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.4 DC Characteristics: PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X-I/E (Continued)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ†
Max.
Units
Conditions
Program Flash Memory
D130
D131
EP
Cell Endurance
100
1k
—
E/W Temperature during programming:
10°C ≤ TA ≤ 40°C
VDD for Read
VMIN
8.0
—
—
—
V
Temperature during programming:
10°C ≤ TA ≤ 40°C
Voltage on MCLR/VPP during
Erase/Program
9.0
V
V
V
VDD for Bulk Erase
2.7
2.7
3
—
—
Temperature during programming:
10°C ≤ TA ≤ 40°C
D132
VPEW
VDD for Write or Row Erase
—
VMIN = Minimum operating voltage
VMAX = Maximum operating
voltage
Temperature during programming:
10°C ≤ TA ≤ 40°C
IPPPGM Current on MCLR/VPP during
Erase/Write
—
—
—
40
—
5.0
mA
mA
IDDPGM Current on VDD during Erase/
Write
Temperature during programming:
10°C ≤ TA ≤ 40°C
5.0
2.8
D133
D134
TPEW
Erase/Write cycle time
ms Temperature during programming:
10°C ≤ TA ≤ 40°C
TRETD
Characteristic Retention
—
—
Year Provided no other specifications
are violated
VCAP Capacitor Charging
D135
Charging current
—
—
200
0.0
—
—
μA
mA
D135A
Source/sink capability when
charging complete
Legend:
TBD = To Be Determined
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
*
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended to use an external
clock in RC mode.
2: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
3: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent
normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
4: Including OSC2 in CLKOUT mode.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 219
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.5 Thermal Considerations
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Typ.
Units
Conditions
28-pin SPDIP package
TH01
θJA
Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient
60
80
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C
28-pin SOIC package
90
28-pin SSOP package
27.5
27.5
47.2
46
28-pin UQFN 4x4mm package
28-pin QFN 6x6mm package
40-pin PDIP package
44-pin TQFP package
24.4
31.4
24
44-pin QFN 8x8mm package
28-pin SPDIP package
28-pin SOIC package
TH02
θJC
Thermal Resistance Junction to Case
24
28-pin SSOP package
24
28-pin UQFN 4x4mm package
28-pin QFN 6x6mm package
40-pin PDIP package
24
24.7
14.5
20
44-pin TQFP package
44-pin QFN 8x8mm package
TH03
TH04
TH05
TH06
TH07
TJMAX
PD
Maximum Junction Temperature
Power Dissipation
150
—
W
PD = PINTERNAL + PI/O
(1)
PINTERNAL Internal Power Dissipation
—
W
PINTERNAL = IDD x VDD
PI/O
I/O Power Dissipation
Derated Power
—
W
PI/O = Σ (IOL * VOL) + Σ (IOH * (VDD - VOH))
(2)
PDER
—
W
PDER = PDMAX (TJ - TA)/θJA
Note 1: IDD is current to run the chip alone without driving any load on the output pins.
2: TA = Ambient Temperature
3: TJ = Junction Temperature
DS41341E-page 220
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.6
Timing Parameter Symbology
The timing parameter symbols have been created with
one of the following formats:
1. TppS2ppS
2. TppS
T
F
Frequency
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc
T
Time
CCP1
CLKOUT
CS
osc
rd
OSC1
RD
ck
cs
di
rw
sc
ss
t0
RD or WR
SCK
SDI
do
dt
SDO
SS
Data in
I/O PORT
MCLR
T0CKI
T1CKI
WR
io
t1
mc
wr
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F
H
I
Fall
P
R
V
Z
Period
High
Rise
Invalid (High-impedance)
Low
Valid
L
High-impedance
FIGURE 23-2:
LOAD CONDITIONS
Load Condition
Pin
CL
VSS
Legend: CL = 50 pF for all pins, 15 pF for
OSC2 output
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 221
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
23.7 AC Characteristics: PIC16F72X-I/E
FIGURE 23-3:
CLOCK TIMING
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
OSC1/CLKIN
OS02
OS04
OS04
OS03
OSC2/CLKOUT
(LP,XT,HS Modes)
OSC2/CLKOUT
(CLKOUT Mode)
FIGURE 23-4:
PIC16F72X VOLTAGE FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
5.5
3.6
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.8
0
4
10
16
20
Frequency (MHz)
Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.
2: Refer to Table 23-1 for each Oscillator mode’s supported frequencies.
DS41341E-page 222
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-5:
PIC16LF72X VOLTAGE FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
3.6
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.8
0
4
10
16
20
Frequency (MHz)
Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.
2: Refer to Table 23-1 for each Oscillator mode’s supported frequencies.
FIGURE 23-6:
HFINTOSC FREQUENCY ACCURACY OVER DEVICE VDD AND TEMPERATURE
+ 5%
125
85
60
± 2%
25
0
-20
+ 5%
3.3(2)3.5
-40
1.8
2.0
2.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
3.0
VDD (V)
Note 1: This chart covers both regulator enabled and regulator disabled states.
2: Regulator Nominal voltage
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 223
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-1: CLOCK OSCILLATOR TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
Sym.
No.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ†
Max.
Units
Conditions
LP Oscillator mode
(1)
OS01
FOSC
TOSC
TCY
External CLKIN Frequency
DC
DC
DC
DC
—
—
—
37
4
kHz
MHz XT Oscillator mode
MHz HS Oscillator mode
MHz EC Oscillator mode
—
20
20
—
4
—
(1)
Oscillator Frequency
32.768
—
kHz
LP Oscillator mode
0.1
1
MHz XT Oscillator mode
MHz HS Oscillator mode
MHz RC Oscillator mode
—
20
4
DC
27
250
50
50
—
—
(1)
OS02
External CLKIN Period
—
∞
μs
ns
ns
ns
μs
ns
ns
ns
ns
μs
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
LP Oscillator mode
XT Oscillator mode
HS Oscillator mode
EC Oscillator mode
LP Oscillator mode
XT Oscillator mode
HS Oscillator mode
RC Oscillator mode
TCY = 4/FOSC
—
∞
—
∞
—
∞
(1)
Oscillator Period
30.5
—
—
10,000
1,000
—
DC
—
—
—
∞
250
50
250
200
2
—
—
(1)
OS03
Instruction Cycle Time
TCY
—
OS04*
TosH,
TosL
External CLKIN High,
External CLKIN Low
LP oscillator
100
20
0
—
XT oscillator
—
HS oscillator
OS05*
TosR,
TosF
External CLKIN Rise,
External CLKIN Fall
—
LP oscillator
0
—
∞
XT oscillator
0
—
∞
HS oscillator
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are based on
characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code.
Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current con-
sumption. All devices are tested to operate at “min” values with an external clock applied to OSC1 pin. When an external
clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.
DS41341E-page 224
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-2: OSCILLATOR PARAMETERS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
Sym.
No.
Freq.
Tolerance
Characteristic
Min. Typ† Max. Units
Conditions
OS08
HFOSC
Internal Calibrated HFINTOSC
Frequency
±2%
—
16.0
—
MHz 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C,
VDD ≥ 2.5V
(2)
±5%
±2%
—
—
16.0
500
—
—
MHz -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
OS08A MFOSC
OS10* TIOSC ST
Internal Calibrated MFINTOSC
Frequency
kHz 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
VDD ≥ 2.5V
(2)
±5%
—
—
500
5
10
8
kHz -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
μs
—
HFINTOSC Wake-up from Sleep
Start-up Time
MFINTOSC
—
—
20
30
μs
Wake-up from Sleep
Start-up Time
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
*
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are based on
characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing
code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current
consumption. All devices are tested to operate at “min” values with an external clock applied to the OSC1 pin. When an
external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.
2: To ensure these oscillator frequency tolerances, VDD and VSS must be capacitively decoupled as close to the device as
possible. 0.1 μF and 0.01 μF values in parallel are recommended.
3: By design.
FIGURE 23-7:
CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING
Cycle
Write
Q4
Fetch
Q1
Read
Q2
Execute
Q3
FOSC
OS12
OS11
OS20
OS21
CLKOUT
OS19
OS13
OS18
OS16
OS17
I/O pin
(Input)
OS14
OS15
I/O pin
(Output)
New Value
Old Value
OS18, OS19
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 225
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING PARAMETERS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ† Max. Units
Conditions
OS11 TosH2ckL Fosc↑ to CLKOUT↓ (1)
OS12 TosH2ckH Fosc↑ to CLKOUT↑ (1)
OS13 TckL2ioV CLKOUT↓ to Port out valid(1)
OS14 TioV2ckH Port input valid before CLKOUT↑(1)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
70
72
20
—
ns VDD = 3.3-5.0V
ns VDD = 3.3-5.0V
ns
ns
TOSC + 200
ns
OS15 TosH2ioV Fosc↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid
—
50
—
70*
—
ns VDD = 3.3-5.0V
ns VDD = 3.3-5.0V
OS16 TosH2ioI
Fosc↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid
50
(I/O in hold time)
OS17 TioV2osH Port input valid to Fosc↑ (Q2 cycle)
20
—
—
ns
(I/O in setup time)
OS18 TioR
OS19 TioF
Port output rise time(2)
—
—
40
15
72
32
ns
ns
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 3.3-5.0V
Port output fall time(2)
—
—
28
15
55
30
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 3.3-5.0V
OS20* Tinp
OS21* Trbp
INT pin input high or low time
25
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
PORTB interrupt-on-change new input
level time
TCY
*
†
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated.
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.
2: Includes OSC2 in CLKOUT mode.
FIGURE 23-8:
RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP
TIMER TIMING
VDD
MCLR
30
Internal
POR
33
PWRT
Time-out
32
OSC
Start-Up Time
(1)
Internal Reset
Watchdog Timer
(1)
Reset
31
34
34
I/O pins
Note 1: Asserted low.
DS41341E-page 226
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-9:
BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING AND CHARACTERISTICS
VDD
VBOR and VHYST
VBOR
(Device in Brown-out Reset)
(Device not in Brown-out Reset)
37
Reset
(1)
33
(due to BOR)
Note 1: 64 ms delay only if PWRTE bit in the Configuration Word register is programmed to ‘0’. 2 ms
delay if PWRTE = 0and VREGEN = 1.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 227
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER,
AND BROWN-OUT RESET PARAMETERS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
No.
Sym.
TMCL
Characteristic
Min. Typ† Max. Units
Conditions
30
MCLR Pulse Width (low)
2
5
—
—
—
—
μs VDD = 3.3-5V, -40°C to +85°C
μs VDD = 3.3-5V
31
32
TWDTLP Low Power Watchdog Timer Time-
out Period (No Prescaler)
10
18
27
ms VDD = 3.3V-5V
TOST
Oscillator Start-up Timer Period(1),
—
1024
—
Tosc (Note 3)
(2)
33*
34*
TPWRT Power-up Timer Period, PWRTE = 0 40
65
—
140
2.0
ms
TIOZ
I/O high-impedance from MCLR Low
or Watchdog Timer Reset
—
μs
35
VBOR
VHYST
Brown-out Reset Voltage
2.38
1.80
2.5
1.9
2.73
2.11
V
BORV=2.5V
BORV=1.9V
36*
37*
Brown-out Reset Hysteresis
0
1
25
3
50
mV -40°C to +85°C
TBORDC Brown-out Reset DC Response
Time
5
10
μs VDD ≤ VBOR, -40°C to +85°C
VDD ≤ VBOR
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are
based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the
device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or
higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at “min” values with an external
clock applied to the OSC1 pin. When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no
clock) for all devices.
2: By design.
3: Period of the slower clock.
4: To ensure these voltage tolerances, VDD and VSS must be capacitively decoupled as close to the device as
possible. 0.1 μF and 0.01 μF values in parallel are recommended.
DS41341E-page 228
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-10:
TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS
T0CKI
40
41
42
T1CKI
45
46
49
47
TMR0 or
TMR1
TABLE 23-5: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
No.
Sym.
TT0H
Characteristic
T0CKI High Pulse Width
Min.
Typ†
Max.
Units
Conditions
40*
No Prescaler
With Prescaler
No Prescaler
With Prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
10
0.5 TCY + 20
10
41*
42*
TT0L
TT0P
T0CKI Low Pulse Width
T0CKI Period
Greater of:
20 or TCY + 40
N
ns N = prescale value
(2, 4, ..., 256)
45*
46*
47*
TT1H
TT1L
TT1P
T1CKI High Synchronous, No Prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Time
Synchronous, with Prescaler
Asynchronous
15
30
T1CKI Low Synchronous, No Prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20
Time
Synchronous, with Prescaler
Asynchronous
15
30
T1CKI Input Synchronous
Period
Greater of:
30 or TCY + 40
N
ns N = prescale value
(1, 2, 4, 8)
Asynchronous
60
—
—
ns
48
FT1
Timer1 Oscillator Input Frequency Range
(oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)
32.4
32.768
33.1
kHz
49*
TCKEZTMR1 Delay from External Clock Edge to Timer
Increment
2 TOSC
—
7 TOSC
—
Timers in Sync mode
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 229
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-11:
CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (CCP)
CCPx
(Capture mode)
CC01
CC02
CC03
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
TABLE 23-6: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (CCP)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ† Max. Units
Conditions
CC01* TccL CCPx Input Low Time
CC02* TccH CCPx Input High Time
CC03* TccP CCPx Input Period
No Prescaler
With Prescaler
No Prescaler
With Prescaler
0.5TCY + 20
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
0.5TCY + 20
20
3TCY + 40
N
N = prescale value (1, 4 or 16)
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.
TABLE 23-7: PIC16F72X A/D CONVERTER (ADC) CHARACTERISTICS:
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
No.
Sym.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ†
Max. Units
Conditions
AD01 NR
AD02 EIL
AD03 EDL
Resolution
—
—
—
—
—
—
8
bit
Integral Error
±1.7
±1
LSb VREF = 3.0V
Differential Error
LSb No missing codes
VREF = 3.0V
AD04 EOFF Offset Error
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
±2.2
±1.5
VDD
VREF
50
LSb VREF = 3.0V
AD05 EGN Gain Error
LSb VREF = 3.0V
(3)
AD06 VREF Reference Voltage
AD07 VAIN Full-Scale Range
1.8
VSS
—
V
V
AD08 ZAIN Recommended Impedance of
Analog Voltage Source
kΩ Can go higher if external 0.01μF capacitor is
present on input pin.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.
Note 1: Total Absolute Error includes integral, differential, offset and gain errors.
2: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes.
3: When ADC is off, it will not consume any current other than leakage current. The power-down current specification
includes any such leakage from the ADC module.
DS41341E-page 230
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-8: PIC16F72X A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param
Sym.
No.
Characteristic
Min.
Typ†
Max. Units
Conditions
AD130* TAD
A/D Clock Period
1.0
1.0
—
9.0
6.0
μs
μs
TOSC-based
ADCS<1:0> = 11(ADRC mode)
A/D Internal RC Oscillator
Period
2.0
AD131 TCNV Conversion Time (not including
—
—
10.5
1.0
—
—
TAD Set GO/DONE bit to conversion
complete
(1)
Acquisition Time)
AD132* TACQ Acquisition Time
μs
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.
Note 1: The ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.
FIGURE 23-12:
PIC16F72X A/D CONVERSION TIMING (NORMAL MODE)
BSF ADCON0, GO
1 TCY
(1)
(TOSC/2
AD134
Q4
)
AD131
AD130
A/D CLK
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
A/D Data
ADRES
NEW_DATA
1 TCY
OLD_DATA
ADIF
GO
DONE
Sampling Stopped
AD132
Sample
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the
SLEEPinstruction to be executed.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 231
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-13:
PIC16F72X A/D CONVERSION TIMING (SLEEP MODE)
BSF ADCON0, GO
AD134
Q4
(1)
(TOSC/2 + TCY
1 TCY
)
AD131
AD130
A/D CLK
A/D Data
7
6
5
3
2
1
0
4
NEW_DATA
1 TCY
OLD_DATA
ADRES
ADIF
GO
DONE
Sampling Stopped
AD132
Sample
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the
SLEEPinstruction to be executed.
FIGURE 23-14:
USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
CK
DT
US121
US121
US122
US120
Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
Note:
TABLE 23-9: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param.
Symbol
No.
Characteristic
Min.
Max.
Units Conditions
US120 TCKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (Master and Slave)
Clock high to data-out valid
3.0-5.5V
1.8-5.5V
3.0-5.5V
1.8-5.5V
3.0-5.5V
1.8-5.5V
—
—
—
—
—
—
80
100
45
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
US121 TCKRF
Clock out rise time and fall time
(Master mode)
50
US122 TDTRF
Data-out rise time and fall time
45
50
DS41341E-page 232
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-15:
USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
CK
DT
US125
US126
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
TABLE 23-10: USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating Temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Param.
Symbol
No.
Characteristic
Min.
Max. Units
Conditions
US125 TDTV2CKL SYNC RCV (Master and Slave)
Data-hold before CK ↓ (DT hold time)
10
15
—
—
ns
ns
US126 TCKL2DTL Data-hold after CK ↓ (DT hold time)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 233
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-16:
SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0, SMP = 0)
SS
SP70
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SP71
SP72
SP78
SP79
SP79
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SP78
LSb
SP80
MSb
bit 6 - - - - - -1
SDO
SDI
SP75, SP76
bit 6 - - - -1
MSb In
LSb In
SP74
SP73
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
FIGURE 23-17:
SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1, SMP = 1)
SS
SP81
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SP71
SP73
SP72
SP79
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SP80
SP78
LSb
MSb
bit 6 - - - - - -1
SDO
SDI
SP75, SP76
bit 6 - - - -1
MSb In
SP74
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
LSb In
DS41341E-page 234
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 23-18:
SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
SS
SP70
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SP83
SP71
SP72
SP78
SP79
SP79
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SP78
LSb
SP80
MSb
SDO
SDI
bit 6 - - - - - -1
SP77
SP75, SP76
bit 6 - - - -1
MSb In
SP74
SP73
LSb In
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
FIGURE 23-19:
SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
SP82
SP70
SS
SP83
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SP72
SP71
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SP80
MSb
bit 6 - - - - - -1
LSb
SDO
SDI
SP77
SP75, SP76
bit 6 - - - -1
MSb In
SP74
LSb In
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 235
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-11: SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS
Param
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min.
Typ† Max. Units Conditions
SP70* TSSL2SCH, SS↓ to SCK↓ or SCK↑ input
TCY
—
—
ns
TSSL2SCL
SP71* TSCH
SP72* TSCL
SCK input high time (Slave mode)
SCK input low time (Slave mode)
TCY + 20
TCY + 20
100
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
SP73* TDIV2SCH, Setup time of SDI data input to SCK edge
TDIV2SCL
SP74* TSCH2DIL, Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge
TSCL2DIL
100
—
—
ns
SP75* TDOR
SDO data output rise time
3.0-5.5V
1.8-5.5V
—
—
—
10
—
—
—
—
—
Tcy
10
25
10
—
10
25
10
—
—
—
25
50
25
50
25
50
25
50
145
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
SP76* TDOF
SDO data output fall time
SP77* TSSH2DOZ SS↑ to SDO output high-impedance
SP78* TSCR
SCK output rise time
(Master mode)
3.0-5.5V
1.8-5.5V
SP79* TSCF
SCK output fall time (Master mode)
SP80* TSCH2DOV, SDO data output valid after
TSCL2DOV SCK edge
3.0-5.5V
1.8-5.5V
SP81* TDOV2SCH, SDO data output setup to SCK edge
TDOV2SCL
SP82* TSSL2DOV SDO data output valid after SS↓ edge
—
—
—
50
—
ns
ns
SP83* TSCH2SSH, SS ↑ after SCK edge
1.5TCY + 40
TSCL2SSH
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
FIGURE 23-20:
I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING
SCL
SP93
SP91
SP90
SP92
SDA
Stop
Condition
Start
Condition
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
DS41341E-page 236
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-12: I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS
Param
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min. Typ Max. Units
Conditions
SP90* TSU:STA Start condition
Setup time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
4700
600
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns Only relevant for Repeated
Start condition
SP91* THD:STA Start condition
Hold time
4000
600
ns After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
SP92* TSU:STO Stop condition
Setup time
4700
600
ns
SP93 THD:STO Stop condition
Hold time
4000
600
ns
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
FIGURE 23-21:
I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING
SP100
SP103
SP102
SP101
SCL
SP90
SP106
SP107
SP92
SP91
SDA
In
SP110
SP109
SP109
SDA
Out
Note: Refer to Figure 23-2 for load conditions.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 237
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-13: I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min.
Max. Units
Conditions
SP100* THIGH
Clock high time
100 kHz mode
4.0
—
—
μs
μs
Device must operate at a
minimum of 1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode
0.6
Device must operate at a
minimum of 10 MHz
SSP Module
1.5TCY
4.7
—
—
SP101* TLOW
Clock low time
100 kHz mode
μs
μs
Device must operate at a
minimum of 1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode
SSP Module
1.3
—
Device must operate at a
minimum of 10 MHz
1.5TCY
—
—
SP102* TR
SP103* TF
SDA and SCL rise 100 kHz mode
time
1000
ns
ns
400 kHz mode
20 + 0.1CB 300
CB is specified to be from
10-400 pF
SDA and SCL fall
time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
—
250
ns
ns
20 + 0.1CB 250
CB is specified to be from
10-400 pF
SP106* THD:DAT Data input hold time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
0
—
0.9
—
ns
μs
ns
ns
ns
ns
μs
μs
0
SP107* TSU:DAT Data input setup
time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
250
100
—
(Note 2)
(Note 1)
—
SP109* TAA
Output valid from
clock
3500
—
—
SP110* TBUF
Bus free time
4.7
1.3
—
Time the bus must be free
before a new transmission
can start
—
SP111 CB
Bus capacitive loading
—
400
pF
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region
(min. 300 ns) of the falling edge of SCL to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions.
2: A Fast mode (400 kHz) I2C™ bus device can be used in a Standard mode (100 kHz) I2C bus system, but
the requirement TSU:DAT ≥ 250 ns must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does
not stretch the low period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the low period of the SCL signal,
it must output the next data bit to the SDA line TR max. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to
the Standard mode I2C bus specification), before the SCL line is released.
DS41341E-page 238
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
TABLE 23-14: CAP SENSE OSCILLATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Param.
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min.
Typ†
Max. Units
Conditions
CS01
CS02
CS03
ISRC
Current Source
High
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-6
-3.2
-0.9
6
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
mV
mV
mV
-5.8
-1.1
-0.2
6.6
-40, -85°C
Medium
Low
ISNK
Current Sink
High
-40, -85°C
Medium
Low
1.3
3.2
0.9
—
0.24
525
375
280
VCHYST
Cap Hysteresis
High
VCTH-VCTL
Medium
Low
—
—
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
FIGURE 23-22:
CAP SENSE OSCILLATOR
VCTH
VCTL
ISRC
Enabled
ISNK
Enabled
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 239
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 240
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
24.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND CHARTS
FIGURE 24-1:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, EC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
2,200.00
2,000.00
1,800.00
1,600.00
1,400.00
1,200.00
1,000.00
800.00
5V
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.6V
3V
2.5V
1.8V
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
1 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-2:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, EC MODE
2,400
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.6V
3.3V
3V
2.5V
2V
1.8V
600
400
200
0
1 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
FOSC
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 241
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-3:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, EC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
5V
3.6V
3V
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
2.5V
1.8V
600
400
200
0
1 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
FOSC
FIGURE 24-4:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, EC MODE
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.6V
3.3V
3V
2.5V
2V
1.8V
600
400
200
0
1 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
FOSC
DS41341E-page 242
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-5:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, EXTRC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
600
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
4 MHz
(-40°C to 125°C)
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 MHz
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.5
5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-6:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, EXTRC MODE
500
4 MHz
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1 MHz
0
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 243
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-7:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, EXTRC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
450
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
4 MHz
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1 MHz
0
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.5
5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-8:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, EXTRC MODE
450
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
4 MHz
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1 MHz
0
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 244
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-9:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, HS MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
2.4
2.2
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
5V
4.5V
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
3.6V
3V
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
4 MHz
6 MHz
8 MHz
10 MHz
13 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
Fosc
FIGURE 24-10:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, HS MODE
2.50
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.6V
3.3V
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
3V
2.5V
4 MHz
6 MHz
8 MHz
10 MHz
13 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
Fosc
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 245
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-11:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, HS MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
5V
4.5V
3.6V
3V
4 MHz
6 MHz
8 MHz
10 MHz
13 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
Fosc
FIGURE 24-12:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, HS MODE
2.50
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
3.6V
3.3V
3V
2.5V
4 MHz
6 MHz
8 MHz
10 MHz
13 MHz
16 MHz
20 MHz
Fosc
DS41341E-page 246
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-13:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, XT MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
600
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
4 MHz
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 MHz
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.5
5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-14:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, XT MODE
600
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
4 MHz
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 MHz
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 247
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-15:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, XT MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
600
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
500
400
300
200
100
0
4 MHz
1 MHz
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.5
5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-16:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC, XT MODE
600
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
500
400
300
200
100
0
4 MHz
1 MHz
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.3
3.6
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 248
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-17:
PIC16F72X IDD vs. VDD, LP MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
20.0
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
32 kHz Maximum
VDD (V)
32 kHz Typical
1.8
3
5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-18:
PIC16LF72X IDD vs. VDD, LP MODE
30
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
25
20
15
10
5
32 kHz Maximum
32 kHz Typical
1.8
3
3.3
3.6
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 249
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-19:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
210
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
5V
3.6V
2.5V
1.8V
62.5 kHz
125 kHz
250 kHz
500 kHz
FOSC
FIGURE 24-20:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE
170
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
3.6V
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
3V
2.5V
1.8V
62.5 KHz
125 KHz
250 KHz
500 KHz
FOSC
DS41341E-page 250
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-21:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
2,000
5V
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.6V
2.5V
1.8V
600
400
200
0
2 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
16 MHz
FOSC
FIGURE 24-22:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE
2,250
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
3.6V
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
2,000
1,750
1,500
1,250
1,000
750
(-40°C to 125°C)
3V
2.5V
1.8V
500
250
0
2 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
16 MHz
FOSC
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 251
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-23:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
160
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
5V
3.6V
2.5V
1.8V
80
62.5 kHz
125 kHz
250 kHz
500 kHz
FOSC
FIGURE 24-24:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE
140
3.6V
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
130
120
110
100
90
3V
2.5V
1.8V
80
70
62.5 kHz
125 kHz
250 kHz
500 kHz
FOSC
DS41341E-page 252
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-25:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE, VCAP = 0.1µF
2,000
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
5V
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.6V
2.5V
1.8V
600
400
200
0
2 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
16 MHz
FOSC
FIGURE 24-26:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD, INTOSC MODE
2,000
3.6V
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
3V
2.5V
1.8V
600
400
200
0
2 MHz
4 MHz
8 MHz
16 MHz
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 253
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-27:
PIC16F72X MAXIMUM BASE IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
25
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
20
15
10
5
125°C
85°C
0
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
4V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-28:
PIC16LF72X MAXIMUM BASE IPD vs. VDD
7
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
125°C
85°C
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 254
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-29:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL BASE IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
8
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
7
6
5
4
3
2
25°C
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
4V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-30:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL BASE IPD vs. VDD
250
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
200
150
100
50
25°C
0
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 255
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-31:
PIC16F72X FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
70
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
Max. 125°C
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(-40°C to 125°C)
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-32:
PIC16LF72X FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE IPD vs. VDD
25
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
Max. 125°C
20
15
10
5
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
0
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 256
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-33:
PIC16F72X BOR IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
70
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-34:
PIC16LF72X BOR IPD vs. VDD
30
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
25
20
15
10
5
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
0
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 257
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-35:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSE HIGH POWER IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
70
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
Max. 125°C
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-36:
PIC16LF72X CAP SENSE HIGH POWER IPD vs. VDD
60
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 258
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-37:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSE MEDIUM POWER IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
30
Max. 125°C
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
25
20
15
10
5
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
0
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-38:
PIC16LF72X CAP SENSE MEDIUM POWER IPD vs. VDD
20
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
Max. 125°C
18
16
14
12
10
8
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
6
4
2
0
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 259
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-39:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSE LOW POWER IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
30
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
Max. 125°C
(-40°C to 125°C)
25
20
15
10
5
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
0
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-40:
PIC16LF72X CAP SENSE LOW POWER IPD vs. VDD
18
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
Max. 125°C
16
14
12
10
8
6
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
4
2
0
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 260
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-41:
PIC16F72X T1OSC 32 KHZ IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
16
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Max. 85°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
14
12
10
8
Typ. 25° C
6
4
2
0
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-42:
PIC16LF72X T1OSC 32 KHZ IPD vs. VDD
4.0
Max. 85°C
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Typ.
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 261
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-43:
PIC16F72X TYPICAL ADC IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
7.5
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
Typ. 25°C
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-44:
PIC16LF72X TYPICAL ADC IPD vs. VDD
250
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
Typ. 25°C
200
150
100
50
0
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 262
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-45:
PIC16F72X ADC IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
25
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Max. 125°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
20
15
10
5
Max. 85°C
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-46:
PIC16LF72X ADC IPD vs. VDD
8
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 263
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-47:
PIC16F72X WDT IPD vs. VDD, VCAP = 0.1µF
18
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Max. 85°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
16
14
12
10
8
(-40°C to 125°C)
Typ. 25°C
6
4
2
0
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
5V
5.5V
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-48:
PIC16LF72X WDT IPD vs. VDD
3.5
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Max. 85°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Typ. 25°C
1.8V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.6V
VDD (V)
DS41341E-page 264
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-49:
TTL INPUT THRESHOLD VIN vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
1.8
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Max. -40°
Typ. 25°
Min. 125°
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.8
3.6
5.5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-50:
SCHMITT TRIGGER INPUT THRESHOLD VIN vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
3.5
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
VIHMax. -40°C
VIHMin. 125°C
1.8
3.6
5.5
VDD (V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 265
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-51:
SCHMITT TRIGGER INPUT THRESHOLD VIN vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
3.0
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
VIL Max. -40°C
VIL Min. 125°C
1.8
3.6
5.5
VDD (V)
FIGURE 24-52:
VOH vs. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE, VDD = 5.5V
5.6
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Max. -40°
Typ. 25°
Min. 125°
-0.2
-1.0
-1.8
-2.6
-3.4
-4.2
-5.0
IOH (mA)
DS41341E-page 266
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-53:
VOH vs. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE, VDD = 3.6V
3.8
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
3.6
3.4
3.2
3
Max. -40°
Typ. 25°
Min. 125°
2.8
2.6
-0.2
-1.0
-1.8
-2.6
-3.4
-4.2
-5.0
IOH (mA)
FIGURE 24-54:
VOH vs. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE, VDD = 1.8V
2
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Max. -40°
Typ. 25°
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Min. 125°
0
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2.0
IOH (mA)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 267
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-55:
VOL vs. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE, VDD = 5.5V
0.5
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
0.45
0.4
Typical: Mean @25°C
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
0.35
0.3
Max. 125°
0.25
0.2
Typ. 25°
0.15
0.1
Min. -40°
0.05
0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
IOL (mA)
FIGURE 24-56:
VOL vs. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE, VDD = 3.6
0.9
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Max. 125°
Typ. 25°
Min. -40°
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
IOL (mA)
DS41341E-page 268
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-57:
VOL vs. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE, VDD = 1.8V
1.2
Maximum: Mean + 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
Typical: Mean @25°C
Minimum: Mean - 3σ (-40°C to 125°C)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Max. 125°
Min. -40°
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
IOL (mA)
2.0
2.4
2.8
FIGURE 24-58:
PIC16F72X PWRT PERIOD
105
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
95
85
75
65
55
45
Max. -40°C
Typ. 25°C
Min. 125°C
1.8V
2V
2.2V
2.4V
3V
3.6V
4V
4.5V
5V
5.5V
VDD
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 269
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-59:
PIC16F72X WDT TIME-OUT PERIOD
24.00
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
22.00
20.00
18.00
16.00
14.00
12.00
10.00
Max. -40°C
Typ. 25°C
Min. 125°C
1.8V
2V
2.2V
2.4V
3V
3.6V
4V
4.5V
5V
VDD
FIGURE 24-60:
PIC16F72X HFINTOSC WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP START-UP TIME
6.0
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Max.
Typ.
1.8V
2V
3V
3.6V
4V
4.5V
5V
5.5V
VDD
DS41341E-page 270
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-61:
PIC16F72X A/D INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR PERIOD
6.0
Typical: Statistical Mean @25°C
Maximum: Mean (Worst-Case Temp) + 3σ
(-40°C to 125°C)
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Max.
Min.
1.8V
3.6V
5.5V
VDD(V)
FIGURE 24-62:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSE OUTPUT CURRENT, POWER MODE = HIGH
20000
Min. Sink -40°C
Typ. Sink 25°C
15000
10000
5000
Max. Sink 85°C
0
Min. Source 85°C
Typ. Source 25°C
-5000
-10000
-15000
Max. Source -40°C
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.2
3.6
4
4.5
5
5.5
VDD(V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 271
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-63:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSE OUTPUT CURRENT, POWER MODE = MEDIUM
3000
Max. Sink -40°C
Typ. Sink 25°C
2000
1000
0
Min. Sink 85°C
Min. Source 85°C
Typ. Source 25°C
-1000
-2000
-3000
Max. Source -40°C
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.2
3.6
4
4.5
5
5.5
VDD(V)
FIGURE 24-64:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSE OUTPUT CURRENT, POWER MODE = LOW
600
Max. Sink 85°C
Typ. Sink 25°C
400
200
0
Min. Sink -40°C
Min. Source 85°C
Typ. Source 25°C
-200
-400
-600
-800
Max. Source -40°C
1.8
2
2.5
3
3.2
3.6
4
4.5
5
5.5
VDD(V)
DS41341E-page 272
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-65:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSOR HYSTERESIS, POWER MODE = HIGH
700
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
600
500
400
Typ. 25°C
Min. 0°C
Min. -40°C
300
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
VDD(V)
FIGURE 24-66:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSOR HYSTERESIS, POWER MODE = MEDIUM
550
500
450
400
350
300
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
Typ. 25°C
Min. 0°C
Min. -40°C
250
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
VDD(V)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 273
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-67:
PIC16F72X CAP SENSOR HYSTERESIS, POWER MODE = LOW
450
Max. 125°C
Max. 85°C
400
350
300
250
200
150
Typ. 25°C
Min. 0°C
Min -40°C
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
VDD(V)
FIGURE 24-68:
TYPICAL FVR (X1 AND X2) VS. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) NORMALIZED AT 3.0V
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
1.8
2.5
3
3.6
4.2
5.5
Voltage
DS41341E-page 274
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
FIGURE 24-69:
TYPICAL FVR CHANGE VS. TEMPERATURE NORMALIZED AT 25°C
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-40
0
45
85
125
Temperature (°C)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 275
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 276
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
25.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION
25.1 Package Marking Information
28-Lead SPDIP
Example
PIC16F722
-I/SP
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
e
3
YYWWNNN
0810017
40-Lead PDIP
Example
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
PIC16F724
-I/P
e
3
0810017
Example
-I/ML
28-Lead QFN/UQFN
16F722
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
e
3
0810017
Legend: XX...X Customer-specific information
Y
Year code (last digit of calendar year)
YY
WW
NNN
Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
Alphanumeric traceability code
e
3
Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
*
This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator (
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
)
e3
Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for customer-specific information.
*
Standard PICmicro® device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code and
traceability code. For PICmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check
with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP
price.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 277
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Package Marking Information (Continued)
44-Lead QFN
Example
-I/ML
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
PIC16F724
e
3
0810017
28-Lead SOIC
Example
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
PIC16F722
-I/SO
e
3
0810017
YYWWNNN
28-Lead SSOP
Example
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
PIC16F722
-I/SS
e
3
YYWWNNN
0810017
44-Lead TQFP
Example
-I/PT
XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
PIC16F727
e
3
0810017
DS41341E-page 278
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
25.2 Package Details
The following sections give the technical details of the packages.
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉꢊꢋꢋꢌꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇꢒꢓꢅꢎꢇꢔꢋꢂꢃꢊꢋꢄꢇꢕꢈꢍꢖꢇMꢇꢗꢘꢘꢇꢙꢊꢎꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜꢈꢍꢒꢔꢍ
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
N
NOTE 1
E1
1
2 3
D
E
A2
A
L
c
b1
A1
b
e
eB
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ9ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢚ7,8.ꢐ
7:ꢔ
ꢎ<
ꢁꢀꢕꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
M
ꢔꢚ7
ꢔꢗ;
7"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅꢂꢃꢄ!
ꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
7
ꢈ
ꢗ
ꢙꢋꢓꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢈꢆ&ꢃꢄꢑꢅꢂꢇꢆꢄꢈ
M
ꢁꢎꢕꢕ
ꢁꢀꢘꢕ
M
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
1ꢆ!ꢈꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢈꢆ&ꢃꢄꢑꢅꢂꢇꢆꢄꢈ
ꢐꢍꢋ"ꢇ#ꢈꢉꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢍꢋ"ꢇ#ꢈꢉꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
ꢙꢃꢓꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢈꢆ&ꢃꢄꢑꢅꢂꢇꢆꢄꢈ
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
6ꢓꢓꢈꢉꢅ9ꢈꢆ#ꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢗꢎ
ꢗꢀ
.
.ꢀ
ꢒ
9
ꢌ
)ꢀ
)
ꢈ1
ꢁꢀꢎꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀꢘ
ꢁꢎꢛꢕ
ꢁꢎꢖꢕ
ꢀꢁ-ꢖꢘ
ꢁꢀꢀꢕ
ꢁꢕꢕ<
ꢁꢕꢖꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀꢖ
M
ꢁꢀ-ꢘ
M
ꢁ-ꢀꢕ
ꢁꢎ<ꢘ
ꢀꢁ-?ꢘ
ꢁꢀ-ꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀꢕ
ꢁꢕꢘꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀ<
M
ꢁ--ꢘ
ꢁꢎꢛꢘ
ꢀꢁꢖꢕꢕ
ꢁꢀꢘꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀꢘ
ꢁꢕꢜꢕ
ꢁꢕꢎꢎ
ꢁꢖ-ꢕ
9ꢋ*ꢈꢉꢅ9ꢈꢆ#ꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅꢝꢋ*ꢅꢐꢓꢆꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢅꢏ
!ꢛꢐꢄꢏ"
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ꢏꢅꢐꢃꢑꢄꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆꢄ&ꢅ,ꢍꢆꢉꢆꢌ&ꢈꢉꢃ!&ꢃꢌꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢒꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢁꢕꢀꢕ/ꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
ꢖꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢕꢜꢕ1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 279
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
#ꢘꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇꢒꢓꢅꢎꢇꢔꢋꢂꢃꢊꢋꢄꢇꢕꢍꢖꢇMꢇ$ꢘꢘꢇꢙꢊꢎꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜꢍꢒꢔꢍ
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
N
NOTE 1
E1
1 2 3
D
E
A2
A
L
c
b1
b
A1
e
eB
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢚ7,8.ꢐ
ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ9ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢔꢚ7
7:ꢔ
ꢔꢗ;
7"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅꢂꢃꢄ!
ꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
7
ꢈ
ꢖꢕ
ꢁꢀꢕꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
ꢙꢋꢓꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢈꢆ&ꢃꢄꢑꢅꢂꢇꢆꢄꢈ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
1ꢆ!ꢈꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢈꢆ&ꢃꢄꢑꢅꢂꢇꢆꢄꢈ
ꢐꢍꢋ"ꢇ#ꢈꢉꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢍꢋ"ꢇ#ꢈꢉꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
ꢙꢃꢓꢅ&ꢋꢅꢐꢈꢆ&ꢃꢄꢑꢅꢂꢇꢆꢄꢈ
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
6ꢓꢓꢈꢉꢅ9ꢈꢆ#ꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢗ
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
ꢁꢎꢘꢕ
ꢁꢀꢛꢘ
M
ꢗꢎ
ꢗꢀ
.
.ꢀ
ꢒ
9
ꢌ
)ꢀ
)
ꢈ1
ꢁꢀꢎꢘ
ꢁꢕꢀꢘ
ꢁꢘꢛꢕ
ꢁꢖ<ꢘ
ꢀꢁꢛ<ꢕ
ꢁꢀꢀꢘ
ꢁꢕꢕ<
ꢁꢕ-ꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀꢖ
M
ꢁ?ꢎꢘ
ꢁꢘ<ꢕ
ꢎꢁꢕꢛꢘ
ꢁꢎꢕꢕ
ꢁꢕꢀꢘ
ꢁꢕꢜꢕ
ꢁꢕꢎ-
ꢁꢜꢕꢕ
9ꢋ*ꢈꢉꢅ9ꢈꢆ#ꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅꢝꢋ*ꢅꢐꢓꢆꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢅꢏ
!ꢛꢐꢄꢏ"
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ꢏꢅꢐꢃꢑꢄꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆꢄ&ꢅ,ꢍꢆꢉꢆꢌ&ꢈꢉꢃ!&ꢃꢌꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢒꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢁꢕꢀꢕ/ꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
ꢖꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢕꢀ?1
DS41341E-page 280
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇ%ꢓꢅꢆꢇ&ꢎꢅꢐ'ꢇ!ꢛꢇꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢅꢑꢉꢅ(ꢄꢇꢕ)ꢃꢖꢇMꢇ$*$ꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜ%&!
+ꢊꢐ,ꢇꢘ-..ꢇꢙꢙꢇ/ꢛꢋꢐꢅꢑꢐꢇꢃꢄꢋ(ꢐ,
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
D
D2
EXPOSED
PAD
e
E
b
E2
2
1
2
1
K
N
N
NOTE 1
L
BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
A
A3
A1
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ9ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢔꢚ99ꢚꢔ.ꢙ.ꢝꢐ
7:ꢔ
ꢔꢚ7
ꢔꢗ;
7"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅꢂꢃꢄ!
ꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
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,ꢋꢄ&ꢆꢌ&ꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
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7
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ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅꢃ!ꢅ!ꢆ*ꢅ!ꢃꢄꢑ"ꢇꢆ&ꢈ#ꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢝ.32 ꢝꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢓ"ꢉꢓꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢀꢕꢘ1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 281
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇ%ꢓꢅꢆꢇ&ꢎꢅꢐ'ꢇ!ꢛꢇꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢅꢑꢉꢅ(ꢄꢇꢕ)ꢃꢖꢇMꢇ$*$ꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜ%&!
+ꢊꢐ,ꢇꢘ-..ꢇꢙꢙꢇ/ꢛꢋꢐꢅꢑꢐꢇꢃꢄꢋ(ꢐ,
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
DS41341E-page 282
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
##ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇ%ꢓꢅꢆꢇ&ꢎꢅꢐ'ꢇ!ꢛꢇꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢅꢑꢉꢅ(ꢄꢇꢕ)ꢃꢖꢇMꢇꢁ*ꢁꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜ%&!
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
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PAD
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1
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1
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L
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A
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: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ8ꢈꢃꢑꢍ&
ꢐ&ꢆꢄ#ꢋ%%ꢅ
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ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅꢃ!ꢅ!ꢆ*ꢅ!ꢃꢄꢑ"ꢇꢆ&ꢈ#ꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢝ.32 ꢝꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢓ"ꢉꢓꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢀꢕ-1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 283
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
##ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇ%ꢓꢅꢆꢇ&ꢎꢅꢐ'ꢇ!ꢛꢇꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢅꢑꢉꢅ(ꢄꢇꢕ)ꢃꢖꢇMꢇꢁ*ꢁꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜ%&!
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
DS41341E-page 284
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇꢈꢙꢅꢎꢎꢇ0ꢓꢐꢎꢊꢋꢄꢇꢕꢈ0ꢖꢇMꢇ1ꢊꢆꢄ'ꢇ2-.ꢘꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜꢈ0ꢔ/
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ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
D
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3
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ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅꢒꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢗꢄꢑꢇꢈꢅ1ꢋ&&ꢋ'
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ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ꢏꢅꢐꢃꢑꢄꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆꢄ&ꢅ,ꢍꢆꢉꢆꢌ&ꢈꢉꢃ!&ꢃꢌꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢒꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢕꢁꢀꢘꢅ''ꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
ꢖꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢝ.32 ꢝꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢓ"ꢉꢓꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢕꢘꢎ1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 285
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇꢈ,3ꢊꢋꢉꢇꢈꢙꢅꢎꢎꢇ0ꢓꢐꢎꢊꢋꢄꢇꢕꢈꢈꢖꢇMꢇ.-ꢗꢘꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌꢇꢜꢈꢈ0ꢍ
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
D
N
E
E1
1
2
b
NOTE 1
e
c
A2
A
φ
A1
L
L1
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢔꢚ99ꢚꢔ.ꢙ.ꢝꢐ
ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ9ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢔꢚ7
7:ꢔ
ꢔꢗ;
7"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅꢂꢃꢄ!
ꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
7
ꢈ
ꢎ<
ꢕꢁ?ꢘꢅ1ꢐ,
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ8ꢈꢃꢑꢍ&
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
ꢐ&ꢆꢄ#ꢋ%%ꢅ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢓꢉꢃꢄ&
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅꢗꢄꢑꢇꢈ
ꢗ
M
M
ꢀꢁꢜꢘ
M
ꢜꢁ<ꢕ
ꢘꢁ-ꢕ
ꢀꢕꢁꢎꢕ
ꢕꢁꢜꢘ
ꢀꢁꢎꢘꢅꢝ.3
M
ꢎꢁꢕꢕ
ꢀꢁ<ꢘ
M
<ꢁꢎꢕ
ꢘꢁ?ꢕ
ꢀꢕꢁꢘꢕ
ꢕꢁꢛꢘ
ꢗꢎ
ꢗꢀ
.
.ꢀ
ꢒ
9
9ꢀ
ꢌ
ꢀꢁ?ꢘ
ꢕꢁꢕꢘ
ꢜꢁꢖꢕ
ꢘꢁꢕꢕ
ꢛꢁꢛꢕ
ꢕꢁꢘꢘ
ꢕꢁꢕꢛ
ꢕꢟ
ꢕꢁꢎꢘ
<ꢟ
ꢀ
ꢖꢟ
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
)
ꢕꢁꢎꢎ
M
ꢕꢁ-<
!ꢛꢐꢄꢏ"
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢒꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢕꢁꢎꢕꢅ''ꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢝ.32 ꢝꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢓ"ꢉꢓꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢕꢜ-1
DS41341E-page 286
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
##ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇ4,ꢊꢋꢇ%ꢓꢅꢆꢇ&ꢎꢅꢐ5ꢅꢑꢉꢇꢕꢍ4ꢖꢇMꢇ6ꢘ*6ꢘ*6ꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌ'ꢇꢀ-ꢘꢘꢇꢙꢙꢇꢜ4%&ꢍ
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
D
D1
E
e
E1
N
b
NOTE 1
1 2 3
NOTE 2
α
A
c
φ
A2
β
A1
L
L1
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢔꢚ99ꢚꢔ.ꢙ.ꢝꢐ
ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ9ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢔꢚ7
7:ꢔ
ꢖꢖ
ꢕꢁ<ꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
M
ꢀꢁꢕꢕ
M
ꢔꢗ;
7"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅ9ꢈꢆ#!
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ8ꢈꢃꢑꢍ&
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
ꢐ&ꢆꢄ#ꢋ%%ꢅꢅ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
7
ꢈ
ꢗ
ꢗꢎ
ꢗꢀ
9
M
ꢀꢁꢎꢕ
ꢀꢁꢕꢘ
ꢕꢁꢀꢘ
ꢕꢁꢜꢘ
ꢕꢁꢛꢘ
ꢕꢁꢕꢘ
ꢕꢁꢖꢘ
ꢕꢁ?ꢕ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢓꢉꢃꢄ&
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅꢗꢄꢑꢇꢈ
9ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀꢁꢕꢕꢅꢝ.3
-ꢁꢘꢟ
ꢕꢟ
ꢜꢟ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
: ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
.
ꢒ
.ꢀ
ꢒꢀ
ꢌ
ꢀꢎꢁꢕꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
ꢀꢎꢁꢕꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
ꢀꢕꢁꢕꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
ꢀꢕꢁꢕꢕꢅ1ꢐ,
M
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ9ꢈꢄꢑ&ꢍ
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢙꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
9ꢈꢆ#ꢅ>ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅꢒꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢗꢄꢑꢇꢈꢅꢙꢋꢓ
ꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅꢒꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢗꢄꢑꢇꢈꢅ1ꢋ&&ꢋ'
ꢕꢁꢕꢛ
ꢕꢁ-ꢕ
ꢀꢀꢟ
ꢕꢁꢎꢕ
ꢕꢁꢖꢘ
ꢀ-ꢟ
)
ꢁ
ꢕꢁ-ꢜ
ꢀꢎꢟ
ꢀꢎꢟ
ꢂ
ꢀꢀꢟ
ꢀ-ꢟ
!ꢛꢐꢄꢏ"
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ ,ꢍꢆ'%ꢈꢉ!ꢅꢆ&ꢅꢌꢋꢉꢄꢈꢉ!ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢅꢋꢓ&ꢃꢋꢄꢆꢇDꢅ!ꢃEꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊꢁ
-ꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢒꢀꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢔꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢓꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢕꢁꢎꢘꢅ''ꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
ꢖꢁ ꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢑꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢑꢅꢓꢈꢉꢅꢗꢐꢔ.ꢅ0ꢀꢖꢁꢘꢔꢁ
1ꢐ,2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢙꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢝ.32 ꢝꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢒꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢓ"ꢉꢓꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓ ꢙꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢑꢊ ꢒꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ ,ꢕꢖꢞꢕꢜ?1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 287
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
##ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢍꢎꢅꢏꢐꢊꢑꢇ4,ꢊꢋꢇ%ꢓꢅꢆꢇ&ꢎꢅꢐ5ꢅꢑꢉꢇꢕꢍ4ꢖꢇMꢇ6ꢘ*6ꢘ*6ꢇꢙꢙꢇꢚꢛꢆꢌ'ꢇꢀ-ꢘꢘꢇꢙꢙꢇꢜ4%&ꢍ
!ꢛꢐꢄ" 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢑ!(ꢅꢓꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢔꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑꢅꢐꢓꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢓ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢓꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢓꢆꢌ4ꢆꢑꢃꢄꢑ
DS41341E-page 288
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at
http://www.microchip.com/packaging
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 289
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at
http://www.microchip.com/packaging
DS41341E-page 290
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
APPENDIX A: DATA SHEET
REVISION HISTORY
APPENDIX B: MIGRATING FROM
OTHER PIC®
DEVICES
Revision A
This discusses some of the issues in migrating from
other PIC® devices to the PIC16F72X family of
devices.
Original release.
Revision B
B.1
TABLE B-1:
Feature
PIC16F77 to PIC16F72X
Electrical Specification updates; Package Drawings;
miscellaneous updates.
FEATURE COMPARISON
PIC16F77
PIC16F727
Revision C
Max. Operating Speed
20 MHz
8K
20 MHz
8K
Revised data sheet title; Revised Low-Power Features
section; Revised Section 6.2.2.4 RA3/AN3/VREF;
Revised Figure 16-8 Synchronous Reception.
Max. Program
Memory (Words)
Max. SRAM (Bytes)
A/D Resolution
Timers (8/16-bit)
Oscillator Modes
Brown-out Reset
Internal Pull-ups
Interrupt-on-change
Comparator
368
368
8-bit
8-bit
Revision D
2/1
2/1
Removed the Preliminary Label; Updated the
“Electrical Characteristics” section; Added charts in the
“Char. Data” section; Deleted “Based 8-Bit CMOS”
from title; Updated the “Special Microcontroller
Features” section and the “Peripheral Features”
section; Changed the title of the “Low Power Features”
section into “Extreme Low-Power Management
PIC16LF72X with nanoWatt XLP” and updated this
section; Inserted new section – “Analog Features”
(page 1); Changed the title of the “Peripheral Features”
section into “Peripheral Highlights” and updated the
section.
4
8
Y
Y
RB<7:0>
RB<7:0>
RB<7:4>
RB<7:0>
0
Y
N
N
0
Y
N
N
USART
Extended WDT
Software Control
Option of WDT/BOR
INTOSC Frequencies
Clock Switching
None
N
500 kHz -
16 MHz
Revision E
N
Added paragraph to section 5.0 (LDO Voltage
Regulator); Updated the Electrical Specifications
section (Added another absolute Maximum Rating;
Updated section 23.1 and Table 23-4); Updated the Pin
Diagrams with the UQFN package; Updated Table 1,
adding UQFN; Updated section 23.5 (Thermal
Considerations); Updated the Packaging Information
section adding the UQFN Package; Updated the
Product Identification System section.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 291
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
NOTES:
DS41341E-page 292
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
INDEX
Receive .................................................... 164
Transmit ................................................... 163
Reception ......................................................... 164
Transmission .................................................... 163
A
A/D
Specifications.................................................... 230, 231
Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................. 211
AC Characteristics
B
Industrial and Extended ............................................ 222
Load Conditions........................................................ 221
ADC .................................................................................... 99
Acquisition Requirements ......................................... 106
Associated registers.................................................. 108
Block Diagram............................................................. 99
Calculating Acquisition Time..................................... 106
Channel Selection..................................................... 100
Configuration............................................................. 100
Configuring Interrupt ................................................. 103
Conversion Clock...................................................... 100
Conversion Procedure .............................................. 103
Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) Impedance.............. 106
Interrupts................................................................... 102
Operation .................................................................. 102
Operation During Sleep ............................................ 102
Port Configuration..................................................... 100
Reference Voltage (VREF)......................................... 100
Source Impedance.................................................... 106
Special Event Trigger................................................ 102
ADCON0 Register....................................................... 24, 104
ADCON1 Register....................................................... 25, 105
Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter (AUSART)............................... 145
ADRES Register ......................................................... 24, 105
Alternate Pin Function......................................................... 53
Analog-to-Digital Converter. See ADC
BF bit ........................................................................ 175, 187
Block Diagram
Capacitive Sensing................................................... 129
Block Diagrams
(CCP) Capture Mode Operation............................... 137
ADC............................................................................ 99
ADC Transfer Function............................................. 107
Analog Input Model................................................... 107
AUSART Receive..................................................... 146
AUSART Transmit.................................................... 145
CCP PWM ................................................................ 141
Clock Source .............................................................. 89
Compare................................................................... 139
Crystal Operation........................................................ 93
External RC Mode ...................................................... 94
Interrupt Logic............................................................. 43
MCLR Circuit .............................................................. 35
On-Chip Reset Circuit................................................. 33
PIC16F722/723/726/PIC16LF722/723/726 ................ 14
PIC16F724/727/PIC16LF724/727 .............................. 15
RA0 Pins..................................................................... 57
RA4 Pin ...................................................................... 58
RA5 Pin ...................................................................... 59
RA6 Pin ...................................................................... 60
RA7 Pin ...................................................................... 60
RB0 Pin ...................................................................... 66
RB3 Pin ...................................................................... 68
RB4, RB2, RB1 Pins................................................... 67
RB5 Pin ...................................................................... 69
RB6 Pin ...................................................................... 70
RB7 Pin ...................................................................... 71
RC0 Pin ...................................................................... 75
RC1 Pin ...................................................................... 75
RC2 Pin ...................................................................... 76
RC3 Pin ...................................................................... 76
RC4 Pin ...................................................................... 77
RC5 Pin ...................................................................... 77
RC6 Pin ...................................................................... 78
RC7 Pin ...................................................................... 78
RD Pins ...................................................................... 82
RE Pins....................................................................... 88
RE3 Pin ...................................................................... 88
Resonator Operation .................................................. 94
SPI Mode.................................................................. 168
ANSELA Register ............................................................... 55
ANSELB Register ............................................................... 64
ANSELD Register ............................................................... 81
ANSELE Register ............................................................... 86
APFCON Register......................................................... 25, 53
Assembler
MPASM Assembler................................................... 208
AUSART ........................................................................... 145
Associated Registers
Baud Rate Generator........................................ 156
Asynchronous Mode ................................................. 147
Associated Registers
Receive..................................................... 153
Transmit.................................................... 149
Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ............................ 156
Receiver............................................................ 150
Setting up 9-bit Mode with Address Detect....... 152
Transmitter........................................................ 147
Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
Baud Rate Error, Calculating ............................ 156
Baud Rates, Asynchronous Modes .................. 157
Formulas........................................................... 156
High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit) .................. 156
Synchronous Master Mode............................... 159, 163
Associated Registers
2
SSP (I C Mode)........................................................ 177
Timer1 .............................................. 115, 121, 122, 123
Timer2 ...................................................................... 127
TMR0/WDT Prescaler .............................................. 111
Brown-out Reset (BOR)...................................................... 37
Specifications ........................................................... 228
Timing and Characteristics....................................... 227
Receive..................................................... 162
Transmit.................................................... 160
Reception.......................................................... 161
Transmission .................................................... 159
Synchronous Slave Mode
C
C Compilers
MPLAB C18.............................................................. 208
MPLAB C30.............................................................. 208
Capacitive Sensing........................................................... 129
Associated registers w/ Capacitive Sensing............. 134
Associated Registers
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 293
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Capture Module. See Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP)
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP).........................................135
Associated registers w/ Capture ...............................138
Associated registers w/ Compare .............................140
Associated registers w/ PWM ...................................144
Capture Mode ...........................................................137
CCPx Pin Configuration ............................................137
Compare Mode .........................................................139
CCPx Pin Configuration....................................139
Software Interrupt Mode ........................... 137, 139
Special Event Trigger........................................139
Timer1 Mode Selection............................. 137, 139
Interaction of Two CCP Modules (table) ...................135
Prescaler...................................................................137
PWM Mode ...............................................................141
Duty Cycle.........................................................142
Effects of Reset.................................................143
Example PWM Frequencies and
Customer Notification Service .......................................... 299
Customer Support............................................................. 299
D
D/A bit............................................................................... 187
Data Memory ...................................................................... 20
Data/Address bit (D/A)...................................................... 187
DC and AC Characteristics............................................... 241
DC Characteristics
Extended and Industrial............................................ 218
Industrial and Extended............................................ 212
Development Support....................................................... 207
Device Configuration .......................................................... 95
Code Protection.......................................................... 97
Configuration Word..................................................... 95
User ID ....................................................................... 97
Device Overview................................................................. 13
E
Resolutions, 20 MHZ ................................143
Example PWM Frequencies and
Effects of Reset
PWM mode............................................................... 143
Electrical Specifications.................................................... 211
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)
Specifications ........................................................... 230
Errata.................................................................................. 12
Resolutions, 8 MHz...................................143
Operation in Sleep Mode ..................................143
Setup for Operation...........................................143
System Clock Frequency Changes...................143
PWM Period..............................................................142
Setup for PWM Operation.........................................143
Timer Resources.......................................................135
CCP. See Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP)
CCP1CON Register ............................................................24
CCP2CON Register ............................................................24
CCPR1H Register...............................................................24
CCPR1L Register................................................................24
CCPR2H Register...............................................................24
CCPR2L Register................................................................24
CCPxCON Register ..........................................................136
CKE bit...................................................................... 175, 187
CKP bit...................................................................... 174, 186
Clock Sources
F
Firmware Instructions ....................................................... 197
Fixed Voltage Reference. See FVR
FSR Register ................................................................ 24, 25
Fuses. See Configuration Bits
FVR................................................................................... 109
FVRCON Register ...................................................... 25, 109
G
General Purpose Register File ........................................... 20
I
2
I C Mode
External Modes...........................................................93
EC.......................................................................93
HS.......................................................................93
LP........................................................................93
OST.....................................................................93
RC.......................................................................94
XT .......................................................................93
Code Examples
Associated Registers................................................ 188
INDF Register............................................................... 24, 25
Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers ................... 31
Instruction Format............................................................. 197
Instruction Set................................................................... 197
ADDLW..................................................................... 199
ADDWF..................................................................... 199
ANDLW..................................................................... 199
ANDWF..................................................................... 199
MOVF ....................................................................... 202
BCF .......................................................................... 199
BSF........................................................................... 199
BTFSC...................................................................... 199
BTFSS ...................................................................... 200
CALL......................................................................... 200
CLRF ........................................................................ 200
CLRW ....................................................................... 200
CLRWDT .................................................................. 200
COMF ....................................................................... 200
DECF........................................................................ 200
DECFSZ ................................................................... 201
GOTO ....................................................................... 201
INCF ......................................................................... 201
INCFSZ..................................................................... 201
IORLW...................................................................... 201
IORWF...................................................................... 201
MOVLW .................................................................... 202
A/D Conversion.........................................................103
Call of a Subroutine in Page 1 from Page 0................30
Changing Between Capture Prescalers....................137
Indirect Addressing .....................................................31
Initializing PORTA.......................................................54
Initializing PORTB.......................................................62
Initializing PORTC.......................................................73
Initializing PORTD.......................................................80
Initializing PORTE.......................................................84
Loading the SSPBUF (SSPSR) Register..................170
Saving W, STATUS and PCLATH Registers
in RAM ................................................................45
Comparators
C2OUT as T1 Gate ...................................................118
Compare Module. See Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP)
CONFIG1 Register........................................................ 95, 96
CPSCON0 Register ..........................................................133
CPSCON1 Register ..........................................................134
Customer Change Notification Service .............................299
DS41341E-page 294
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
MOVWF .................................................................... 202
NOP .......................................................................... 202
RETFIE ..................................................................... 203
RETLW ..................................................................... 203
RETURN................................................................... 203
RLF ........................................................................... 204
RRF........................................................................... 204
SLEEP ...................................................................... 204
SUBLW ..................................................................... 204
SUBWF..................................................................... 205
SWAPF ..................................................................... 205
XORLW..................................................................... 205
XORWF..................................................................... 205
Summary Table......................................................... 198
INTCON Register................................................................ 46
Internal Oscillator Block
Oscillator Specifications.................................................... 224
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
Specifications ........................................................... 228
OSCTUNE Register............................................................ 92
P
P (Stop) bit........................................................................ 187
Packaging......................................................................... 277
Marking............................................................. 277, 278
PDIP Details ............................................................. 279
Paging, Program Memory................................................... 30
PCL and PCLATH............................................................... 30
Computed GOTO ....................................................... 30
Stack........................................................................... 30
PCL Register ................................................................ 24, 25
PCLATH Register ......................................................... 24, 25
PCON Register....................................................... 25, 29, 38
PICSTART Plus Development Programmer..................... 210
PIE1 Register ............................................................... 25, 47
PIE2 Register ............................................................... 25, 48
Pin Diagram
INTOSC
Specifications.................................................... 225
Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) Impedance...................... 106
Internet Address................................................................ 299
Interrupts............................................................................. 43
ADC .......................................................................... 103
Associated registers w/ Interrupts............................... 50
Interrupt-on-Change.................................................... 62
TMR1 ........................................................................ 120
INTOSC Specifications ..................................................... 225
IOCB Register..................................................................... 64
PIC16F722/723/726, 28-pin PDIP/SOIC/
SSOP/QFN/UQFN................................................ 5
PIC16F724/727, 40-pin PDIP....................................... 7
PIC16F724/727, 44-pin QFN........................................ 9
PIC16F724/727, 44-pin TQFP...................................... 8
Pinout Descriptions
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X ........................................... 16
PIR1 Register ............................................................... 24, 49
PIR2 Register ............................................................... 24, 50
PMADRH Register............................................................ 191
PMADRL Register ............................................................ 191
PMCON1 Register.............................................. 26, 190, 191
PMDATH Register............................................................ 190
PMDATL Register............................................................. 190
PORTA ............................................................................... 54
ANSELA Register....................................................... 55
Associated Registers.................................................. 61
Pin Descriptions and Diagrams .................................. 56
PORTA Register......................................................... 24
RA0............................................................................. 56
RA1............................................................................. 56
RA2............................................................................. 56
RA3............................................................................. 56
RA4............................................................................. 56
RA5............................................................................. 56
RA6............................................................................. 56
RA7............................................................................. 56
Specifications ........................................................... 226
PORTA Register................................................................. 54
PORTB ............................................................................... 62
Additional Pin Functions
L
Load Conditions................................................................ 221
M
MCLR.................................................................................. 35
Internal........................................................................ 35
Memory Organization.......................................................... 19
Data ............................................................................ 20
Program ...................................................................... 19
Microchip Internet Web Site.............................................. 299
Migrating from other PIC Microcontroller Devices............. 291
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian ................... 208
MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger ................................... 209
MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance Universal
In-Circuit Emulator .................................................... 209
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software .. 207
MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer .................................... 209
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System................. 209
MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ................ 208
O
OPCODE Field Descriptions............................................. 197
OPTION Register................................................................ 28
OPTION_REG Register .................................................... 113
OSCCON Register.............................................................. 91
Oscillator
ANSELB Register............................................... 62
Weak Pull-up ...................................................... 62
Associated Registers.................................................. 72
Interrupt-on-Change ................................................... 62
P1B/P1C/P1D.See Enhanced Capture/Compare/
PWM+ (ECCP+) ................................................. 62
Pin Descriptions and Diagrams .................................. 65
PORTB Register......................................................... 24
RB0............................................................................. 65
RB1............................................................................. 65
RB2............................................................................. 65
RB3............................................................................. 65
RB4............................................................................. 65
RB5............................................................................. 65
Associated registers............................................ 94, 126
Oscillator Module
EC............................................................................... 89
HS............................................................................... 89
INTOSC ...................................................................... 89
INTOSCIO................................................................... 89
LP................................................................................ 89
Oscillator Tuning......................................................... 92
RC............................................................................... 89
RCIO........................................................................... 89
XT ............................................................................... 89
Oscillator Parameters ....................................................... 225
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 295
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
RB6 .............................................................................65
RB7 .............................................................................65
PORTB Register .................................................................63
PORTC................................................................................73
Associated Registers ..................................................79
P1A.See Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM+
(ECCP+) .............................................................73
PORTC Register.........................................................24
RC0.............................................................................74
RC2.............................................................................74
RC3.............................................................................74
RC4.............................................................................74
RC5.............................................................................74
RC6.............................................................................74
RC7.............................................................................74
Specifications............................................................226
PORTC Register .................................................................73
PORTD................................................................................80
Additional Pin Functions
ADRES (ADC Result) ............................................... 105
ANSELA (PORTA Analog Select)............................... 55
ANSELB (PORTB Analog Select)............................... 64
ANSELD (PORTD Analog Select) .............................. 81
ANSELE (PORTE Analog Select)............................... 86
APFCON (Alternate Pin Function Control) ................. 53
CCPxCON (CCP Operation)..................................... 136
CONFIG1 (Configuration Word Register 1).......... 95, 96
CPSCON0 (Capacitive Sensing Control Register 0) 133
CPSCON1 (Capacitive Sensing Control Register 1) 134
FVRCON (Fixed Voltage Reference Register) ......... 109
INTCON (Interrupt Control)......................................... 46
IOCB (Interrupt-on-Change PORTB).......................... 64
OPTION_REG (OPTION)........................................... 28
OPTION_REG (Option) ............................................ 113
OSCCON (Oscillator Control)..................................... 91
OSCTUNE (Oscillator Tuning).................................... 92
PCON (Power Control Register)................................. 29
PCON (Power Control) ............................................... 38
PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1)........................... 47
PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2)........................... 48
PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Register 1) ........................ 49
PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 2) ........................ 50
PMADRH (Program Memory Address High) ............ 191
PMADRL (Program Memory Address Low).............. 191
PMCON1 (Program Memory Control 1).................... 190
PMDATH (Program Memory Data High) .................. 190
PMDATL (Program Memory Data Low).................... 190
PORTA ....................................................................... 54
PORTB ....................................................................... 63
PORTC ....................................................................... 73
PORTD ....................................................................... 80
PORTE ....................................................................... 85
RCSTA (Receive Status and Control) ...................... 155
Reset Values .............................................................. 40
Reset Values (Special Registers)............................... 42
Special Function Register Map
ANSELD Register ...............................................80
Associated Registers ..................................................83
P1B/P1C/P1D.See Enhanced Capture/Compare/
PWM+ (ECCP+)..................................................80
PORTD Register.........................................................24
RD6.............................................................................82
PORTD Register .................................................................80
PORTE................................................................................84
Associated Registers ..................................................86
PORTE Register .........................................................24
RE0 .............................................................................87
RE1 .............................................................................87
RE2 .............................................................................87
RE3 .............................................................................87
PORTE Register .................................................................85
Power-Down Mode (Sleep)...............................................193
Associated Registers ................................................194
Power-on Reset ..................................................................35
Power-up Timer (PWRT).....................................................35
Specifications............................................................228
PR2 Register............................................................... 25, 176
Precision Internal Oscillator Parameters...........................225
Prescaler
PIC16F722/LF722 .............................................. 21
PIC16F723/LF723 and PIC16F724/LF724......... 22
PIC16F726/LF726 and PIC16F727/LF727......... 23
Special Function, Summary........................................ 24
SSPCON (Sync Serial Port Control) Register .. 174, 186
SSPSTAT (Sync Serial Port Status) Register... 175, 187
STATUS ..................................................................... 27
T1CON (Timer1 Control) .......................................... 124
T1GCON (Timer1 Gate Control)............................... 125
T2CON ..................................................................... 128
TRISA (Tri-State PORTA)........................................... 54
TRISB (Tri-State PORTB)........................................... 63
TRISC (Tri-State PORTC) .......................................... 73
TRISD (Tri-State PORTD) .......................................... 81
TRISE (Tri-State PORTE)........................................... 85
TXSTA (Transmit Status and Control)...................... 154
WPUB (Weak Pull-up PORTB)................................... 64
Reset .................................................................................. 33
Resets
Shared WDT/Timer0 .................................................112
Product Identification System............................................301
Program Memory ................................................................19
Map and Stack (PIC16F722/LF722) ...........................19
Map and Stack (PIC16F723/LF723 and
PIC16F724/LF724) .............................................19
Map and Stack (PIC16F726/LF726 and
PIC16F727/LF727) .............................................20
Paging.........................................................................30
Program Memory Read (PMR) .........................................189
Associated Registers ................................................191
Programming, Device Instructions ....................................197
R
R/W bit ..............................................................................187
RCREG .............................................................................152
RCREG Register.................................................................24
RCSTA Register.......................................................... 24, 155
Reader Response .............................................................300
Read-Modify-Write Operations..........................................197
Receive Overflow Indicator bit (SSPOV)................... 174, 186
Registers
Associated Registers.................................................. 42
Revision History................................................................ 291
S
S (Start) bit........................................................................ 187
SMP bit ..................................................................... 175, 187
Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) .................................... 208
SPBRG ............................................................................. 156
SPBRG Register................................................................. 25
Special Event Trigger ....................................................... 102
ADCON0 (ADC Control 0) ........................................104
ADCON1 (ADC Control 1) ........................................105
DS41341E-page 296
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
Special Function Registers ................................................. 20
Special Function Registers (SFRs)..................................... 24
SPI Mode .......................................................................... 173
Associated Registers ................................................ 176
Typical Master/Slave Connection ............................. 167
SSP................................................................................... 167
T1GCON........................................................... 125
Timer2
T2CON ............................................................. 128
Timing Diagrams
A/D Conversion ........................................................ 231
A/D Conversion (Sleep Mode).................................. 232
Asynchronous Reception.......................................... 152
Asynchronous Transmission .................................... 148
Asynchronous Transmission (Back-to-Back)............ 148
Brown-out Reset (BOR)............................................ 227
Brown-out Reset Situations........................................ 37
CLKOUT and I/O ...................................................... 225
Clock Synchronization.............................................. 185
Clock Timing............................................................. 222
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)............. 230
2
I C Mode................................................................... 177
Acknowledge .................................................... 178
Addressing........................................................ 179
Clock Stretching................................................ 184
Clock Synchronization ...................................... 185
Firmware Master Mode..................................... 184
Hardware Setup................................................ 177
Multi-Master Mode ............................................ 184
Reception.......................................................... 180
Sleep Operation................................................ 185
2
I C Bus Data............................................................. 237
2
Start/Stop Conditions........................................ 178
Transmission .................................................... 182
I C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................. 236
2
I C Reception (7-bit Address)................................... 180
2
Master Mode............................................................. 169
SPI Mode .................................................................. 167
Slave Mode....................................................... 171
I C Slave Mode with SEN = 0 (Reception,
10-bit Address) ................................................. 181
I C Transmission (7-bit Address) ............................. 182
2
Typical SPI Master/Slave Connection....................... 167
SSPADD Register............................................................... 25
SSPBUF Register ............................................................... 24
SSPCON Register .............................................. 24, 174, 186
SSPEN bit................................................................. 174, 186
SSPM bits ................................................................. 174, 186
SSPMSK Register............................................................... 25
SSPOV bit................................................................. 174, 186
SSPSTAT Register ............................................. 25, 175, 187
STATUS Register ............................................................... 27
Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit (SSPEN)........... 174, 186
Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits (SSPM).. 174, 186
INT Pin Interrupt ......................................................... 44
Reset, WDT, OST and Power-up Timer................... 226
Slave Select Synchronization................................... 173
SPI Master Mode...................................................... 170
SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1, SMP = 1)..................... 234
SPI Mode (Slave Mode with CKE = 0)...................... 172
SPI Mode (Slave Mode with CKE = 1)...................... 172
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0)....................................... 235
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1)....................................... 235
Synchronous Reception (Master Mode, SREN)....... 162
Synchronous Transmission ...................................... 160
Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN)........... 160
Time-out Sequence
T
Case 1 ................................................................ 39
Case 2 ................................................................ 39
Case 3 ................................................................ 39
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock........................... 229
Timer1 Incrementing Edge ....................................... 120
USART Synchronous Receive (Master/Slave)......... 233
USART Synchronous Transmission (Master/Slave). 232
Wake-up from Interrupt............................................. 194
Timing Parameter Symbology .......................................... 221
Timing Requirements
T1CON Register ......................................................... 24, 124
TMR1ON Bit.............................................................. 125
T1GCON Register............................................................. 125
T2CON Register ................................................. 24, 128, 176
Thermal Considerations.................................................... 220
Time-out Sequence............................................................. 38
Timer0............................................................................... 111
Associated Registers ................................................ 113
Interrupt..................................................................... 113
Operation .......................................................... 111, 116
Specifications............................................................ 229
Timer1............................................................................... 115
Associated registers.................................................. 126
Asynchronous Counter Mode ................................... 117
Reading and Writing ......................................... 117
Interrupt..................................................................... 120
Modes of Operation .................................................. 116
Module On/Off (TMR1ON Bit)................................... 125
Operation During Sleep ............................................ 120
Oscillator................................................................... 117
Prescaler................................................................... 117
Specifications............................................................ 229
Timer1 Gate
2
I C Bus Data............................................................. 238
I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits............................................. 237
SPI Mode.................................................................. 236
TMR0 Register.................................................................... 24
TMR1H Register................................................................. 24
TMR1L Register.................................................................. 24
TMR2 Register.................................................................... 24
TMRO Register................................................................... 26
TRISA ................................................................................. 54
TRISA Register............................................................. 25, 54
TRISB ................................................................................. 62
TRISB Register............................................................. 25, 63
TRISC................................................................................. 73
TRISC Register............................................................. 25, 73
TRISD................................................................................. 80
TRISD Register............................................................. 25, 81
TRISE ................................................................................. 84
TRISE Register............................................................. 25, 85
TXREG ............................................................................. 147
TXREG Register................................................................. 24
TXSTA Register.......................................................... 25, 154
Selecting Source............................................... 118
TMR1H Register ....................................................... 115
TMR1L Register........................................................ 115
Timer2
Associated registers.................................................. 128
Timers
Timer1
T1CON.............................................................. 124
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 297
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
BRGH Bit ..................................................................156
U
UA .....................................................................................187
Update Address bit, UA.....................................................187
USART
Synchronous Master Mode
Requirements, Synchronous Receive...............233
Requirements, Synchronous Transmission ......232
Timing Diagram, Synchronous Receive............233
Timing Diagram, Synchronous Transmission ...232
V
VREF. SEE ADC Reference Voltage
W
Wake-up Using Interrupts .................................................194
Watchdog Timer (WDT) ......................................................35
Clock Source...............................................................35
Modes .........................................................................36
Period..........................................................................35
Specifications............................................................228
WCOL bit................................................................... 174, 186
WPUB Register...................................................................64
Write Collision Detect bit (WCOL)............................. 174, 186
WWW Address..................................................................299
WWW, On-Line Support......................................................12
DS41341E-page 298
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Microchip provides online support via our WWW site at
www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means
to make files and information easily available to
customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet
browser, the web site contains the following
information:
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance
through several channels:
• Distributor or Representative
• Local Sales Office
• Field Application Engineer (FAE)
• Technical Support
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata,
application notes and sample programs, design
resources, user’s guides and hardware support
documents, latest software releases and archived
software
• Development Systems Information Line
Customers
should
contact
their
distributor,
representative or field application engineer (FAE) for
support. Local sales offices are also available to help
customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is
included in the back of this document.
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQ), technical support requests,
online discussion groups, Microchip consultant
program member listing
Technical support is available through the web site
at: http://support.microchip.com
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and
ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases,
listing of seminars and events, listings of
Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory
representatives
CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION
SERVICE
Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep
customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers
will receive e-mail notification whenever there are
changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a
specified product family or development tool of interest.
To register, access the Microchip web site at
www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change
Notification and follow the registration instructions.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 299
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip prod-
uct. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation
can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150.
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Application (optional):
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Y
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PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
DS41341E
Literature Number:
Device:
Questions:
1. What are the best features of this document?
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
DS41341E-page 300
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16F72X/PIC16LF72X
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO.
Device
X
/XX
XXX
Examples:
Temperature
Range
Package
Pattern
a)
PIC16F722-E/SP 301
= Extended Temp.,
skinny PDIP package, QTP pattern #301
b)
PIC16F722-I/SO
package
= Industrial Temp., SOIC
Device:
PIC16F722, PIC16LF722, PIC16F722T, PIC16LF722T(1)
PIC16F723, PIC16LF723, PIC16F723T, PIC16LF723T(1)
PIC16F724, PIC16LF724, PIC16F724T, PIC16LF724T(1)
PIC16F726, PIC16LF726, PIC16F726T, PIC16LF726T(1)
PIC16F727, PIC16LF727, PIC16F727T, PIC16LF727T(1)
Temperature
Range:
I
E
MV
=
=
=
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +125°C
Micro Lead Frame (UQFN)
Package:
ML
P
PT
SO
SP
SS
=
=
=
=
=
=
Micro Lead Frame (QFN)
Plastic DIP
TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)
SOIC
Skinny Plastic DIP
SSOP
Note 1:
T
= In tape and reel.
Pattern:
3-Digit Pattern Code for QTP (blank otherwise)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41341E-page 301
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
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EUROPE
Corporate Office
Asia Pacific Office
Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor
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Tel: 852-2401-1200
Fax: 852-2401-3431
India - Bangalore
Tel: 91-80-3090-4444
Fax: 91-80-3090-4080
Austria - Wels
Tel: 43-7242-2244-39
Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
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Fax: 480-792-7277
Technical Support:
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Web Address:
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Tel: 45-4450-2828
Fax: 45-4485-2829
India - New Delhi
Tel: 91-11-4160-8631
Fax: 91-11-4160-8632
France - Paris
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
India - Pune
Tel: 91-20-2566-1512
Fax: 91-20-2566-1513
Australia - Sydney
Tel: 61-2-9868-6733
Fax: 61-2-9868-6755
Atlanta
Duluth, GA
Tel: 678-957-9614
Fax: 678-957-1455
Germany - Munich
Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Japan - Yokohama
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166
Fax: 81-45-471-6122
China - Beijing
Tel: 86-10-8528-2100
Fax: 86-10-8528-2104
Italy - Milan
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781
Korea - Daegu
Tel: 82-53-744-4301
Fax: 82-53-744-4302
Boston
China - Chengdu
Tel: 86-28-8665-5511
Fax: 86-28-8665-7889
Westborough, MA
Tel: 774-760-0087
Fax: 774-760-0088
Netherlands - Drunen
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
Korea - Seoul
China - Hong Kong SAR
Tel: 852-2401-1200
Fax: 852-2401-3431
Tel: 82-2-554-7200
Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or
82-2-558-5934
Chicago
Itasca, IL
Tel: 630-285-0071
Fax: 630-285-0075
Spain - Madrid
Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
China - Nanjing
Tel: 86-25-8473-2460
Fax: 86-25-8473-2470
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 60-3-6201-9857
Fax: 60-3-6201-9859
Cleveland
UK - Wokingham
Tel: 44-118-921-5869
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
Independence, OH
Tel: 216-447-0464
Fax: 216-447-0643
China - Qingdao
Tel: 86-532-8502-7355
Fax: 86-532-8502-7205
Malaysia - Penang
Tel: 60-4-227-8870
Fax: 60-4-227-4068
Dallas
Addison, TX
Tel: 972-818-7423
Fax: 972-818-2924
China - Shanghai
Tel: 86-21-5407-5533
Fax: 86-21-5407-5066
Philippines - Manila
Tel: 63-2-634-9065
Fax: 63-2-634-9069
Detroit
China - Shenyang
Tel: 86-24-2334-2829
Fax: 86-24-2334-2393
Singapore
Tel: 65-6334-8870
Fax: 65-6334-8850
Farmington Hills, MI
Tel: 248-538-2250
Fax: 248-538-2260
China - Shenzhen
Tel: 86-755-8203-2660
Fax: 86-755-8203-1760
Taiwan - Hsin Chu
Tel: 886-3-6578-300
Fax: 886-3-6578-370
Kokomo
Kokomo, IN
Tel: 765-864-8360
Fax: 765-864-8387
China - Wuhan
Tel: 86-27-5980-5300
Fax: 86-27-5980-5118
Taiwan - Kaohsiung
Tel: 886-7-536-4818
Fax: 886-7-536-4803
Los Angeles
Mission Viejo, CA
Tel: 949-462-9523
Fax: 949-462-9608
China - Xiamen
Tel: 86-592-2388138
Fax: 86-592-2388130
Taiwan - Taipei
Tel: 886-2-2500-6610
Fax: 886-2-2508-0102
Santa Clara
China - Xian
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252
Fax: 86-29-8833-7256
Thailand - Bangkok
Tel: 66-2-694-1351
Fax: 66-2-694-1350
Santa Clara, CA
Tel: 408-961-6444
Fax: 408-961-6445
China - Zhuhai
Tel: 86-756-3210040
Fax: 86-756-3210049
Toronto
Mississauga, Ontario,
Canada
Tel: 905-673-0699
Fax: 905-673-6509
03/26/09
DS41341E-page 302
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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