LM2931AS-5.0 [NSC]
Series Low Dropout Regulators; 系列低压降稳压器
| 型号： | LM2931AS-5.0 |
| 厂家： | 
National Semiconductor |
| 描述： | Series Low Dropout Regulators |
| 文件： | 总18页 (文件大小：364K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
March 2000
LM2931
Series Low Dropout Regulators
Both versions are available in a TO-220 power package,
TO-263 surface mount package, and an 8-lead surface
mount package. The fixed output version is also available in
the TO-92 plastic and 6-Bump micro SMD packages.
General Description
The LM2931 positive voltage regulator features a very low
quiescent current of 1mA or less when supplying 10mA
loads. This unique characteristic and the extremely low
input-output differential required for proper regulation (0.2V
for output currents of 10mA) make the LM2931 the ideal
regulator for standby power systems. Applications include
memory standby circuits, CMOS and other low power pro-
cessor power supplies as well as systems demanding as
much as 100mA of output current.
Features
n Very low quiescent current
n Output current in excess of 100 mA
n Input-output differential less than 0.6V
n Reverse battery protection
Designed originally for automotive applications, the LM2931
and all regulated circuitry are protected from reverse battery
installations or 2 battery jumps. During line transients, such
as a load dump (60V) when the input voltage to the regulator
can momentarily exceed the specified maximum operating
voltage, the regulator will automatically shut down to protect
both internal circuits and the load. The LM2931 cannot be
harmed by temporary mirror-image insertion. Familiar regu-
lator features such as short circuit and thermal overload pro-
tection are also provided.
n 60V load dump protection
n −50V reverse transient protection
n Short circuit protection
n Internal thermal overload protection
n Mirror-image insertion protection
n Available in TO-220, TO-92, TO-263, SO-8 or 6-Bump
micro SMD packages
n Available as adjustable with TTL compatible switch
n See AN-1112 for micro SMD considerations
±
The LM2931 family includes a fixed 5V output ( 3.8% toler-
ance for A grade) or an adjustable output with ON/OFF pin.
Connection Diagrams
FIXED VOLTAGE OUTPUT
TO-220 3-Lead Power Package
TO-263 Surface-Mount Package
DS005254-6
DS005254-11
Front View
Top View
DS005254-12
Side View
8-Pin Surface Mount
TO-92 Plastic Package
DS005254-8
Bottom View
DS005254-7
*NC = Not internally connected. Must be electrically isolated from the rest
of the circuit for the micro SMD package.
Top View
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS005254
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Connection Diagrams (Continued)
6-Bump micro SMD
micro SMD Laser Mark
DS005254-39
DS005254-38
Top View
(Bump Side Down)
ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
TO-220 5-Lead Power Package
TO-263
5-Lead Surface-Mount Package
DS005254-9
DS005254-13
Front View
Top View
DS005254-14
Side View
8-Pin Surface Mount
DS005254-10
Top View
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2
Connection Diagrams (Continued)
Ordering Information
Output
Package
3-Pin TO-220
3-Pin TO-263
TO-92
Part Number
Package Marking
Transport Media
NSC
Drawing
T03B
Number
5V
LM2931T-5.0
LM2931AT-5.0
LM2931S-5.0
LM2931AS-5.0
LM2931Z-5.0
LM2931T-5.0
LM2931AT-5.0
LM2931S-5.0
LM2931AS-5.0
LM2931Z-5
LM2931AZ
2931M-5.0
2931AM-5.0
-
Rails
Rails
Rails
TS3B
Z03A
Rails
1.8k Units per Box
1.8k Units per Box
Rails
LM2931AZ-5.0
LM2931M-5.0
LM2931AM-5.0
LM2931IBPX-5.0
8-Pin
SOIC
M08A
Rails
*
6-Bump
Tape and Reel
BPA06HTA
micro SMD
Adjustable,
3V to 24V
5-Pin TO-220
5-Pin TO-263
LM2931CT
LM2931CS
LM2931CM
LM2931CT
LM2931CS
LM2931CM
Rails
Rails
Rails
T05A
TS5B
M08A
8-Pin
SOIC
*
3.3V
6-Bump
LM2931IBPX-3.3
-
Tape and Reel
BPA06HTA
micro SMD
Note: The micro SMD package marking is a single digit manufacturing Date Code Only.
3
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Typical Applications
LM2931 Fixed Output
DS005254-4
*
*
Required if regulator is located far from power supply filter.
*C2 must be at least 100 µF to maintain stability. May be increased without bound to maintain regulation during transients. Locate as close as possible to the
regulator. This capacitor must be rated over the same operating temperature range as the regulator. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of this capacitor is
critical; see curve.
LM2931 Adjustable Output
DS005254-5
Note: Using 27k for R1 will automatically compensate for errors in V
due to the input bias current of the ADJ pin (approximately 1 µA).
OUT
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4
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Internal Power Dissipation
(Note 2) (Note 4)
Internally Limited
Operating Ambient Temperature
Range
−40˚C to +85˚C
125˚C
Maximum Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature Range
Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10 seconds)
ESD Tolerance (Note 5)
Input Voltage
−65˚C to +150˚C
230˚C
Operating Range
26V
Overvoltage Protection
LM2931A, LM2931C (Adjustable)
LM2931
2000V
60V
50V
Electrical Characteristics for Fixed 3.3V Version
VIN = 14V, IO = 10mA, TJ = 25˚C, C2 = 100µF (unless otherwise specified) (Note 2)
Parameter
Conditions
LM2931-3.3
Limit
Units
Typ
(Note 3)
Output Voltage
3.3
3.465
3.135
VMAX
VMIN
4V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V, IO = 100 mA
−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ 125˚C
3.630
2.970
VMAX
VMIN
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
Output Impedance
4V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V
4
33
50
mVMAX
mVMAX
mΩ
5mA ≤ IO ≤ 100mA
10
100mADC and 10mArms
100Hz - 10kHz
,
200
Quiescent Current
IO ≤ 10mA, 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V
−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ 125˚C
0.4
1.0
mAMAX
IO = 100mA, VIN = 14V, TJ = 25˚C
10Hz -100kHz, COUT = 100µF
15
330
13
mA
µVrms
Output Noise Voltage
Long Term Stability
Ripple Rejection
mV/1000 hr
dB
fO = 120Hz
80
Dropout Voltage
IO = 10mA
IO = 100mA
0.05
0.30
0.2
0.6
VMAX
VMIN
Maximum Operational
Input Voltage
33
26
Maximum Line Transient
RL = 500Ω, VO ≤ 5.5V,
T = 1ms, τ ≤ 100ms
70
50
VMIN
VMIN
VMIN
Reverse Polarity Input
Voltage, DC
VO ≥ −0.3V, RL = 500Ω
−30
−80
−15
−50
Reverse Polarity Input
Voltage, Transient
T = 1ms, τ ≤ 100ms, RL = 500Ω
Electrical Characteristics for Fixed 5V Version
VIN = 14V, IO = 10mA, TJ = 25˚C, C2 = 100 µF (unless otherwise specified) (Note 2)
Parameter
Conditions
LM2931A-5.0
LM2931-5.0
Units
Limit
(Note 3)
Limit
(Note 3)
Typ
Typ
Output Voltage
5
5.19
4.81
5
5.25
4.75
VMAX
VMIN
6.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V, IO = 100mA
−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ 125˚C
5.25
4.75
5.5
4.5
VMAX
VMIN
Line Regulation
9V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V
6V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V
2
4
10
30
2
4
10
30
mVMAX
Load Regulation
5 mA ≤ IO ≤ 100mA
14
50
14
50
mVMAX
Output Impedance
100mADC and 10mArms
100Hz -10kHz
,
200
200
mΩ
5
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Electrical Characteristics for Fixed 5V Version (Continued)
VIN = 14V, IO = 10mA, TJ = 25˚C, C2 = 100 µF (unless otherwise specified) (Note 2)
Parameter
Conditions
LM2931A-5.0
LM2931-5.0
Units
Limit
(Note 3)
Limit
(Note 3)
Typ
Typ
Quiescent Current
IO ≤ 10mA, 6V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V
−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ 125˚C
0.4
1.0
0.4
1.0
mAMAX
IO = 100mA, VIN = 14V, TJ = 25˚C
15
30
5
15
mAMAX
mAMIN
Output Noise Voltage
Long Term Stability
10Hz -100kHz, COUT = 100µF
500
20
500
20
µVrms
mV/1000
hr
Ripple Rejection
Dropout Voltage
fO = 120 Hz
80
55
80
dBMIN
VMAX
VMIN
IO = 10mA
IO = 100mA
0.05
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.05
0.3
0.2
0.6
Maximum Operational Input
Voltage
33
26
33
26
Maximum Line Transient
RL = 500Ω, VO ≤ 5.5V,
T = 1ms, τ ≤ 100ms
70
60
70
50
VMIN
VMIN
Reverse Polarity Input
Voltage, DC
VO ≥ −0.3V, RL = 500Ω
−30
−15
−30
−15
Reverse Polarity Input
Voltage, Transient
T = 1ms, τ ≤ 100ms, RL = 500Ω
−80
−50
−80
−50
VMIN
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device
beyond its rated operating conditions.
Note 2: See circuit in Typical Applications. To ensure constant junction temperature, low duty cycle pulse testing is used.
Note 3: All limits are guaranteed for T = 25˚C (standard type face) or over the full operating junction temperature range of −40˚C to +125˚C (bold type face).
J
Note 4: The maximum power dissipation is a function of maximum junction temperature T
, total thermal resistance θ , and ambient temperature T . The maxi-
JA A
Jmax
mum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is P = (T
− T )/θ . If this dissipation is exceeded, the die temperature will rise above 150˚C and
A JA
D
Jmax
the LM2931 will go into thermal shutdown. For the LM2931 in the TO-92 package, θ is 195˚C/W; in the SO-8 package, θ is 160˚C/W, and in the TO-220 package,
JA
JA
θ
is 50˚C/W; in the TO-263 package, θ is 73˚C/W; and in the 6-Bump micro SMD package θ is 290˚C/W. If the TO-220 package is used with a heat sink, θ
JA JA JA
JA
is the sum of the package thermal resistance junction-to-case of 3˚C/W and the thermal resistance added by the heat sink and thermal interface.
If the TO-263 package is used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the P.C. board copper area thermally connected to the package: Using 0.5 square
inches of copper area, θ is 50˚C/W; with 1 square inch of copper area, θ is 37˚C/W; and with 1.6 or more square inches of copper area, θ is 32˚C/W.
JA
JA
JA
Note 5: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through 1.5 kΩ.
Electrical Characteristics for Adjustable Version
VIN = 14V, VOUT = 3V, IO = 10 mA, TJ = 25˚C, R1 = 27k, C2 = 100 µF (unless otherwise specified) (Note 2)
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
Limit
Units
Limit
VMAX
VMIN
Reference Voltage
1.20
1.26
1.14
1.32
1.08
24
IO ≤ 100 mA, −40˚C ≤ Tj ≤ 125˚C, R1 = 27k
VMAX
VMIN
Measured from VOUT to Adjust Pin
Output Voltage Range
VMAX
VMIN
3
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
Output Impedance
Quiescent Current
VOUT + 0.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V
5 mA ≤ IO ≤ 100 mA
100 mADC and 10 mArms, 100 Hz–10 kHz
IO = 10 mA
0.2
0.3
40
1.5
1
mV/VMAX
%
MAX
mΩ/V
mAMAX
mA
0.4
15
1
1
IO = 100 mA
During Shutdown RL = 500Ω
10 Hz–100 kHz
0.8
100
0.4
0.02
mAMAX
µVrms/V
%/1000 hr
%/V
Output Noise Voltage
Long Term Stability
Ripple Rejection
fO = 120 Hz
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Electrical Characteristics for Adjustable Version (Continued)
VIN = 14V, VOUT = 3V, IO = 10 mA, TJ = 25˚C, R1 = 27k, C2 = 100 µF (unless otherwise specified) (Note 2)
Parameter
Dropout Voltage
Conditions
Typ
Limit
Units
Limit
VMAX
VMAX
IO ≤ 10 mA
0.05
0.3
0.2
0.6
IO = 100 mA
Maximum Operational Input
Voltage
33
70
26
60
VMIN
VMIN
Maximum Line Transient
IO = 10 mA, Reference Voltage ≤ 1.5V
T = 1 ms, τ ≤ 100 ms
Reverse Polarity Input
Voltage, DC
VO ≥ −0.3V, RL = 500Ω
−30
−80
−15
−50
VMIN
Reverse Polarity Input
Voltage, Transient
On/Off Threshold Voltage
On
T = 1 ms, τ ≤ 100 ms, RL = 500Ω
VMIN
VO=3V
2.0
2.2
20
1.2
3.25
50
VMAX
VMIN
Off
On/Off Threshold Current
µAMAX
Typical Performance Characteristics
Dropout Voltage
Dropout Voltage
DS005254-17
DS005254-16
Low Voltage Behavior
Output at Voltage Extremes
DS005254-18
DS005254-19
7
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Line Transient Response
Load Transient Response
DS005254-20
DS005254-21
Peak Output Current
Quiescent Current
DS005254-23
DS005254-22
Quiescent Current
Quiescent Current
DS005254-24
DS005254-25
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Ripple Rejection
Ripple Rejection
DS005254-26
DS005254-27
DS005254-29
DS005254-31
Output Impedance
Operation During Load
Dump
DS005254-28
Reference Voltage
Maximum Power Dissipation
(SO-8)
DS005254-30
9
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Maximum Power Dissipation
(TO-220)
Maximum Power Dissipation
(TO-92)
DS005254-32
DS005254-33
Maximum Power Dissipation
On/Off Threshold
(TO-263) (Note 4)
DS005254-35
DS005254-34
Output Capacitor ESR
DS005254-36
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Schematic Diagram
DS005254-1
11
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Application Hints
One of the distinguishing factors of the LM2931 series regu-
lators is the requirement of an output capacitor for device
stability. The value required varies greatly depending upon
the application circuit and other factors. Thus some com-
ments on the characteristics of both capacitors and the regu-
lator are in order.
should be clear. Since worst-case occurs at minimum oper-
ating temperatures and maximum operating currents, the en-
tire circuit, including the electrolytic, should be cooled to the
minimum temperature. The input voltage to the regulator
should be maintained at 0.6V above the output to keep inter-
nal power dissipation and die heating to a minimum.
Worst-case occurs just after input power is applied and be-
fore the die has had a chance to heat up. Once the minimum
value of capacitance has been found for the brand and type
of electrolytic in question, the value should be doubled for
actual use to account for production variations both in the ca-
pacitor and the regulator. (All the values in this section and
the remainder of the data sheet were determined in this fash-
ion.)
High frequency characteristics of electrolytic capacitors de-
pend greatly on the type and even the manufacturer. As a re-
sult, a value of capacitance that works well with the LM2931
for one brand or type may not necessary be sufficient with an
electrolytic of different origin. Sometimes actual bench test-
ing, as described later, will be the only means to determine
the proper capacitor type and value. Experience has shown
that, as a rule of thumb, the more expensive and higher qual-
ity electrolytics generally allow a smaller value for regulator
stability. As an example, while a high-quality 100 µF alumi-
num electrolytic covers all general application circuits, simi-
lar stability can be obtained with a tantalum electrolytic of
only 47µF. This factor of two can generally be applied to any
special application circuit also.
LM2931 micro SMD Light Sensitivity
When the LM2931 micro SMD package is exposed to bright
sunlight, normal office fluorescent light, and other LED’s, it
operates within the guaranteed limits specified in the electri-
cal characteristic table.
Another critical characteristic of electrolytics is their perfor-
mance over temperature. While the LM2931 is designed to
operate to −40˚C, the same is not always true with all elec-
trolytics (hot is generally not a problem). The electrolyte in
many aluminum types will freeze around −30˚C, reducing
their effective value to zero. Since the capacitance is needed
for regulator stability, the natural result is oscillation (and lots
of it) at the regulator output. For all application circuits where
cold operation is necessary, the output capacitor must be
rated to operate at the minimum temperature. By coinci-
dence, worst-case stability for the LM2931 also occurs at
minimum temperatures. As a result, in applications where
the regulator junction temperature will never be less than
25˚C, the output capacitor can be reduced approximately by
a factor of two over the value needed for the entire tempera-
ture range. To continue our example with the tantalum elec-
trolytic, a value of only 22µF would probably thus suffice. For
high-quality aluminum, 47µF would be adequate in such an
application.
Definition of Terms
Dropout Voltage: The input-output voltage differential at
which the circuit ceases to regulate against further reduction
in input voltage. Measured when the output voltage has
dropped 100 mV from the nominal value obtained at 14V in-
put, dropout voltage is dependent upon load current and
junction temperature.
Input Voltage: The DC voltage applied to the input terminals
with respect to ground.
Input-Output Differential: The voltage difference between
the unregulated input voltage and the regulated output volt-
age for which the regulator will operate.
Line Regulation: The change in output voltage for a change
in the input voltage. The measurement is made under condi-
tions of low dissipation or by using pulse techniques such
that the average chip temperature is not significantly af-
fected.
Load Regulation: The change in output voltage for a
Another regulator characteristic that is noteworthy is that sta-
bility decreases with higher output currents. This sensible
fact has important connotations. In many applications, the
LM2931 is operated at only a few milliamps of output current
or less. In such a circuit, the output capacitor can be further
reduced in value. As a rough estimation, a circuit that is re-
quired to deliver a maximum of 10mA of output current from
the regulator would need an output capacitor of only half the
value compared to the same regulator required to deliver the
full output current of 100mA. If the example of the tantalum
capacitor in the circuit rated at 25˚C junction temperature
and above were continued to include a maximum of 10mA of
output current, then the 22µF output capacitor could be re-
duced to only 10µF.
change in load current at constant chip temperature.
Long Term Stability: Output voltage stability under acceler-
ated life-test conditions after 1000 hours with maximum
rated voltage and junction temperature.
Output Noise Voltage: The rms AC voltage at the output,
with constant load and no input ripple, measured over a
specified frequency range.
Quiescent Current: That part of the positive input current
that does not contribute to the positive load current. The
regulator ground lead current.
Ripple Rejection: The ratio of the peak-to-peak input ripple
voltage to the peak-to-peak output ripple voltage at a speci-
fied frequency.
In the case of the LM2931CT adjustable regulator, the mini-
mum value of output capacitance is a function of the output
voltage. As a general rule, the value decreases with higher
output voltages, since internal loop gain is reduced.
Temperature Stability of VO: The percentage change in
output voltage for a thermal variation from room temperature
to either temperature extreme.
At this point, the procedure for bench testing the minimum
value of an output capacitor in a special application circuit
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12
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
8-Lead Surface Mount Package (M)
NS Package Number M08A
3-Lead TO-220 Plastic Package (T)
NS Package Number T03B
13
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
5-Lead TO-220 Power Package (T)
NS Package Number T05A
3-Lead TO-263 Surface Mount Package
NS Package Number TS3B
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14
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
5-Lead TO-263 Surface Mount Package
NS Package Number TS5B
15
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
3-Lead TO-92 Plastic Package (Z)
NS Package Number Z03A
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16
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
NOTE: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
1. EPOXY COATING.
2. 63Sn/37Pb EUTECTIC BUMP.
3. RECOMMEND NON-SOLDER MASK DEFINED LANDING PAD.
4. PIN 1 IS ESTABLISHED BY LOWER LEFT CORNER WITH RESPECT TO TEST ORIENTATION PINS ARE NUMBERED
COUNTERCLOCKWISE.
5. XXX IN DRAWING NUMBER REPRESENTS PACKAGE SIZE VARIATION WHERE X1 IS PACKAGE WIDTH, X2 IS PACK-
AGE LENGTH AND X3 IS PACKAGE HEIGHT.
6. REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MO-211, VARIATION BC.
6-Bump micro SMD
NS Package Number BPA06HTA
X1 = 0.955 X2 = 1.717 X3 = 0.700
17
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Notes
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NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
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Corporation
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Tel: 1-800-272-9959
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