PCA9957HN [NXP]
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver;型号: | PCA9957HN |
厂家: | NXP |
描述: | 24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver |
文件: | 总56页 (文件大小:858K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED
driver
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
Product data sheet
1 General description
The PCA9957 is a daisy-chain SPI-compatible 4-wire serial bus controlled 24-channel
constant current LED driver optimized for dimming and blinking 32 mA Red/Green/Blue/
Amber (RGBA) LEDs.
Each LED output has its own 8-bit resolution (256 steps) fixed frequency individual
PWM controller that operates at 31.25 kHz with a duty cycle that is adjustable from 0 %
to 100 % to allow the LED to be set to a specific brightness value. An additional 8-bit
resolution (256 steps) group PWM controller has both a fixed frequency of 122 Hz and an
adjustable frequency between 15 Hz to once every 16.8 seconds with a duty cycle that is
adjustable from 0 % to 99.6 % that is used to either dim or blink all LEDs with the same
value.
Each LED output can be off, on (no PWM control), set at its individual PWM controller
value or at both individual and group PWM controller values. The PCA9957 operates with
a supply voltage range of 2.7 V to 5.5 V and the constant current sink LED outputs allow
up to 5 V for the LED supply. The output peak current is adjustable with an 8-bit linear
DAC from 125 µA to 31.875 mA with REXT = 2 kΩ.
Gradation control for all current sources is achieved via the 4-wire serial bus interface
and allows user to ramp current automatically without MCU intervention. 8-bit DACs
are available to adjust brightness levels for each LED current source. There are six
selectable gradation control groups and each group has four independent registers to
control ramp-up and ramp-down rate, step time, hold ON/OFF time and final hold ON
output current. Two gradation operation modes are available for each group: single shot
mode (output pattern once) and continuous mode (output pattern repeat). Each channel
can be set to either gradation mode or normal mode and assigned to any one of these six
gradation control groups.
This device has built-in open, short load and overtemperature detection circuitry. The
error information from the corresponding register can be read via the 4-wire serial bus.
Additionally, a thermal shutdown feature protects the device when internal junction
temperature exceeds the limit allowed for the process.
The PCA9957 device is designed to use 4-wire read/write serial bus with higher data
clock frequency (up to 10 MHz).
The active LOW output enable input pin (OE) blinks all the LED outputs and can be used
to externally PWM the outputs, which is useful when multiple devices need to be dimmed
or blinked together without using software control.
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
2 Features and benefits
• 24 LED drivers. Each output programmable at:
– Off
– On
– 8 bits programmable LED brightness
– 8 bits programmable group dimming/blinking mixed with individual LED brightness
– Programmable LED output delay to reduce EMI and surge currents
• Gradation control for all channels
– Each channel can be assigned to one of six gradation control groups
– Programmable gradation time and rate for ramp-up and/or ramp-down operations
– Programmable step time (6-bit) from 0.5 ms (minimum) to 512 ms (maximum)
– Programmable hold-on time after ramp-up and hold-off time after ramp-down (3-bit)
from 0 s to 6 s
– Programmable final ramp-up and hold-on current
– Programmable brightness current output adjustment, either linear or exponential
curve
• 24 constant current output channels can sink up to 32 mA, and tolerate up to 5.5 V
when OFF
• Output current adjusted through an external resistor (REXT input)
• Output current accuracy
– ±6.5 % absolute accuracy with 30 mA output current
– Maximum ±4 % channel to channel variation
– Maximum ±6 % device to device variation
• Open/short load/overtemperature detection mode to detect individual LED errors
• 4-wire serial bus interface with 10 MHz data clock rate
• 256-step (8-bit) linear programmable brightness per LED output varying from fully off
(default) to maximum brightness fully ON using a 31.25 kHz PWM signal
• 256-step group brightness control allows general dimming (using a 122 Hz PWM
signal) from fully off to maximum brightness (default)
• 256-step group blinking with frequency programmable from 15 Hz to 16.8 s and duty
cycle from 0 % to 99.6 %
• Active LOW Output Enable (OE) input pin allows for hardware blinking and dimming of
the LEDs
• 8 MHz internal oscillator requires no external components
• Internal power-on reset
• No glitch on LEDn outputs on power-up
• Low standby current
• Operating power supply voltage (VDD) range of 2.7 V to 5.5 V
• 5.5 V tolerant inputs on non-LED pins
• -40 °C to +85 °C operation
• Latch-up performance exceeds 100 mA per JESD 78, Class II
• ESD protection exceeds per JESD22:
– 2 kV Human-Body Model (A114-A)
– 1 kV Charged-Device Model (C101)
• Package offered: HVQFN40
PCA9957
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
2 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
3 Applications
• RGB or RGBA LED drivers
• LED status information
• LED displays
• LCD backlights
• Keypad backlights for cellular phones or handheld devices
• Fade-in and fade-out for breathlight control
4 Ordering information
Table 1.ꢀOrdering information
Type number
Topside mark
Package
Name
Description
Version
PCA9957HN
P9957
HVQFN40
Plastic thermal enhanced very thin quad flat
package; no leads; 40 terminals; body 5 x 5 x
0.85 mm
SOT1369-5
4.1 Ordering options
Table 2.ꢀOrdering options
Type number
Orderable part
Package
Packing method
Minimum Temperature
number
order
quantity
PCA9957HN
PCA9957HNMP
HVQFN40
Reel 13" Q2/T3 DP
6000
Tamb = -40 °C to +85 °C
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
3 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
5 Block diagram
REXT
LED0
LED1
LED22
LED23
I/O
REGULATOR
PCA9957
V
DDIO
DAC0
SCLK
SDI
INPUT FILTER
DAC1
individual LED
current setting
8-bit DACs
CS
4-WIRE
SERIAL BUS
CONTROL
DAC
22
SDO
DAC
23
POWER-ON
RESET
V
DD
OUTPUT DRIVER, DELAY CONTROL,
AND THERMAL SHUTDOWN
V
SS
INPUT
FILTER
LED STATE
SELECT
RESET
REGISTER
PWM
GRADATION
CONTROL
REGISTER X
BRIGHTNESS
CONTROL
MUX/
CONTROL
÷ 256
31.25 kHz
GRPFREQ
REGISTER
GRPPWM
8 MHz
REGISTER
OSCILLATOR
DIM CLOCK
'0' - permanently OFF
'1' - permanently ON
OE
aaa-034472
Dim repetition rate = 122 Hz
Blink repetition rate = 15 Hz to every 16.8 seconds
Figure 1.ꢀBlock diagram of PCA9957
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
4 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
6 Pinning information
6.1 Pinning
V
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
1
2
LED15
LED14
LED13
LED12
LED11
LED10
LED9
DD
RESET
V
DDIO
3
SDO
4
SCLK
5
PCA9957
SDI
CS
OE
6
7
8
LED8
N/C
V
9
SS
V
N/C
10
SS
aaa-034474
1. Thermal pad; connected to VSS
.
Figure 2.ꢀPin configuration for HVQFN40
6.2 Pin description
Table 3.ꢀPin description
Symbol
REXT
SDO
Pin
39
4
Type
I
Description
current set resistor input; resistor to ground
serial data output
active LOW chip select
active LOW output enable for LEDs
LED driver 0
O
I
CS
7
OE
8
I
LED0
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
LED5
LED6
LED7
LED8
LED9
LED10
LED11
LED12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
27
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
LED driver 1
LED driver 2
LED driver 3
LED driver 4
LED driver 5
LED driver 6
LED driver 7
LED driver 8
LED driver 9
LED driver 10
LED driver 11
LED driver 12
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
5 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 3.ꢀPin description...continued
Symbol
Pin
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
2
Type
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I
Description
LED13
LED14
LED15
LED16
LED17
LED18
LED19
LED20
LED21
LED22
LED23
RESET
LED driver 13
LED driver 14
LED driver 15
LED driver 16
LED driver 17
LED driver 18
LED driver 19
LED driver 20
LED driver 21
LED driver 22
LED driver 23
active LOW reset input with external 10 kΩ
pull-up resistor
SCLK
SDI
5
I
serial clock line
serial data input
supply ground
6
I
VSS
9, 21, 40 [1]
ground
VDDIO
VDD
3
power supply supply rail of SPI interface
power supply supply voltage
1
N/C
10, 12, 22
11
N/A
no connection
TEST
factory test
internal pull down - connect to GND or leave
floating
[1] HVQFN40 package supply ground is connected to both VSS pins and exposed center pad. VSS pins must be connected to
supply ground for proper device operation. For enhanced thermal, electrical, and board level performance, the exposed
pad needs to be soldered to the board using a corresponding thermal pad on the board and for proper heat conduction
through the board, thermal vias need to be incorporated in the printed-circuit board in the thermal pad region.
7 Functional description
Refer to Figure 1.
7.1 Register address and data
Following a chip select (CS) asserted condition (from HIGH to LOW), the data transfers
are (16 × n) bits wide (where ‘n’ is the number of slaves in the chain) with MSB
transferred first. The first 7 bits are the address of the register to be accessed. The eighth
bit indicates the types of access — read (= 1) or write (= 0). The second group of 8 bits
consists of data as shown in Figure 3.
See Section 8 for more detail.
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
6 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7-bit register address
data byte
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
(MSB)
(LSB)
R/W
aaa-011888
Figure 3.ꢀRegister address and data format for each slave
7.2 Register definitions
Table 4.ꢀRegister summary - default values
Register D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name
# (hex)
Type
Function
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODE1
MODE2
EFLAG0
EFLAG1
EFLAG2
EFLAG3
EFLAG4
EFLAG5
LEDOUT0
LEDOUT1
LEDOUT2
LEDOUT3
LEDOUT4
LEDOUT5
GRPPWM
GRPFREQ
PWM0
read/write Mode register 1
read/write Mode register 2
read only output error flag 0
read only output error flag 1
read only output error flag 2
read only output error flag 3
read only output error flag 4
read only output error flag 5
read/write LED output state 0
read/write LED output state 1
read/write LED output state 2
read/write LED output state 3
read/write LED output state 4
read/write LED output state 5
read/write group duty cycle control
read/write group frequency
read/write brightness control LED0
read/write brightness control LED1
read/write brightness control LED2
read/write brightness control LED3
read/write brightness control LED4
read/write brightness control LED5
read/write brightness control LED6
read/write brightness control LED7
read/write brightness control LED8
read/write brightness control LED9
read/write brightness control LED10
read/write brightness control LED11
read/write brightness control LED12
PWM1
PWM2
PWM3
PWM4
PWM5
PWM6
PWM7
PWM8
PWM9
PWM10
PWM11
PWM12
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
7 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 4.ꢀRegister summary - default values...continued
Register D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name
# (hex)
Type
Function
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
21h
22h
23h
24h
25h
26h
27h
28h
29h
2Ah
2Bh
2Ch
2Dh
2Eh
2Fh
30h
31h
32h
33h
34h
35h
36h
37h
38h
39h
3Ah
3Bh
3Ch
3Dh
3Eh
3Fh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PWM13
PWM14
PWM15
PWM16
PWM17
PWM18
PWM19
PWM20
PWM21
PWM22
PWM23
IREF0
read/write brightness control LED13
read/write brightness control LED14
read/write brightness control LED15
read/write brightness control LED16
read/write brightness control LED17
read/write brightness control LED18
read/write brightness control LED19
read/write brightness control LED20
read/write brightness control LED21
read/write brightness control LED22
read/write brightness control LED23
read/write output gain control register 0
read/write output gain control register 1
read/write output gain control register 2
read/write output gain control register 3
read/write output gain control register 4
read/write output gain control register 5
read/write output gain control register 6
read/write output gain control register 7
read/write output gain control register 8
read/write output gain control register 9
read/write output gain control register 10
read/write output gain control register 11
read/write output gain control register 12
read/write output gain control register 13
read/write output gain control register 14
read/write output gain control register 15
read/write output gain control register 16
read/write output gain control register 17
read/write output gain control register 18
read/write output gain control register 19
read/write output gain control register 20
read/write output gain control register 21
read/write output gain control register 22
read/write output gain control register 23
IREF1
IREF2
IREF3
IREF4
IREF5
IREF6
IREF7
IREF8
IREF9
IREF10
IREF11
IREF12
IREF13
IREF14
IREF15
IREF16
IREF17
IREF18
IREF19
IREF20
IREF21
IREF22
IREF23
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
8 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 4.ꢀRegister summary - default values...continued
Register D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name
# (hex)
Type
Function
40h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RAMP_RATE_GRP0 read/write ramp enable and rate control for
group 0
41h
42h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STEP_TIME_GRP0 read/write step time control for group 0
HOLD_CNTL_GRP0 read/write hold ON/OFF time control for
group 0
43h
44h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IREF_GRP0
read/write output gain control for group 0
RAMP_RATE_GRP1 read/write ramp enable and rate control for
group 1
45h
46h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STEP_TIME_GRP1 read/write step time control for group 1
HOLD_CNTL_GRP1 read/write hold ON/OFF time control for
group 1
47h
48h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IREF_GRP1
read/write output gain control for group 1
RAMP_RATE_GRP2 read/write ramp enable and rate control for
group 2
49h
4Ah
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STEP_TIME_GRP2 read/write step time control for group 2
HOLD_CNTL_GRP2 read/write hold ON/OFF time control for
group 2
4Bh
4Ch
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IREF_GRP2
read/write output gain control for group 2
RAMP_RATE_GRP3 read/write ramp enable and rate control for
group 3
4Dh
4Eh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STEP_TIME_GRP3 read/write step time control for group 3
HOLD_CNTL_GRP3 read/write hold ON/OFF time control for
group 3
4Fh
50h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IREF_GRP3
read/write output gain control for group 3
RAMP_RATE_GRP4 read/write ramp enable and rate control for
group 4
51h
52h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STEP_TIME_GRP4 read/write step time control for group 4
HOLD_CNTL_GRP4 read/write hold ON/OFF time control for
group 4
53h
54h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IREF_GRP4
read/write output gain control for group 4
RAMP_RATE_GRP5 read/write ramp enable and rate control for
group 5
55h
56h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STEP_TIME_GRP5 read/write step time control for group 5
HOLD_CNTL_GRP5 read/write hold ON/OFF time control for
group 5
57h
58h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IREF_GRP5
read/write output gain control for group 5
GRAD_MODE_SEL0 read/write gradation mode select register
for channel 7 to channel 0
59h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GRAD_MODE_SEL1 read/write gradation mode select register
for channel 15 to channel 8
PCA9957
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© NXP B.V. 2021. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 2 — 25 February 2021
9 / 56
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 4.ꢀRegister summary - default values...continued
Register D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name
# (hex)
Type
Function
5Ah
5Bh
5Ch
5Dh
5Eh
5Fh
60h
61h
62h
63h
64h
65h
66h
67h
68h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
GRAD_MODE_SEL2 read/write gradation mode select register
for channel 23 to channel 16
GRAD_GRP_SEL0
GRAD_GRP_SEL1
GRAD_GRP_SEL2
GRAD_GRP_SEL3
GRAD_GRP_SEL4
GRAD_GRP_SEL5
GRAD_GRP_SEL6
GRAD_GRP_SEL7
GRAD_GRP_SEL8
GRAD_GRP_SEL9
read/write gradation group select for
channel 1 to channel 0
read/write gradation group select for
channel 3 to channel 2
read/write gradation group select for
channel 5 to channel 4
read/write gradation group select for
channel 7 to channel 6
read/write gradation group select for
channel 9 to channel 8
read/write gradation group select for
channel 11 to channel 10
read/write gradation group select for
channel 13 to channel 12
read/write gradation group select for
channel 15 to channel 14
read/write gradation group select for
channel 17 to channel 16
read/write gradation group select for
channel 19 to channel 18
GRAD_GRP_SEL10 read/write gradation group select for
channel 21 to channel 20
GRAD_GRP_SEL11 read/write gradation group select for
channel 23 to channel 22
GRAD_CNTL0
read/write gradation control register for
group 3 to group 0
GRAD_CNTL1
read/write gradation control register for
group 5 to group 4
69h
6Ah
6Bh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OFFSET
PWMALL
IREFALL
read/write Offset/delay on LEDn outputs
write only brightness control for all LEDn
write only output gain control for all
registers IREF0 to IREF23
6Ch
to
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
reserved[1]
read only not used
7Fh
[1] Reserved registers should not be written to - default is 0
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.1 MODE1 — Mode register 1
Table 5.ꢀMODE1 - Mode register 1 (address 00h) bit description
Legend: * default value.
Bit
7
Symbol
Access
Value
Description
reserved
-
read only 0*
6
-
R/W
R/W
R/W
0*
0*
0*
1
reserved
5
-
reserved
4
SLEEP
Normal mode[1].
Low-power mode. Oscillator off[2][3]
reserved
.
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0*
0*
0*
0*
reserved
reserved
reserved
[1] It takes 500 µs max. for the oscillator to be up and running once SLEEP bit has been set to logic 0. Timings on LEDn
outputs are not guaranteed if PWMx, GRPPWM or GRPFREQ registers are accessed within the 500 µs window.
[2] No blinking, dimming or gradation control is possible when the oscillator is off.
[3] The device must be reset if the LED driver output state is set to LDRx=11 after the device is set back to Normal mode.
7.2.2 MODE2 — Mode register 2
Table 6.ꢀMODE2 - Mode register 2 (address 01h) bit description
Legend: * default value.
Bit Symbol
Access
Value Description
7
OVERTEMP
read only
0*
1
O.K.
overtemperature condition
no error at LED outputs
6
ERROR
read only
R/W
0*
1
any open or short-circuit detected in error flag
registers (EFLAGn)
5
4
DMBLNK
CLRERR
0*
1
group control = dimming
group control = blinking
self clear after write ‘1’
write only 0*
1
Write ‘1’ to clear all error status bits in EFLAGn
register and ERROR (bit 6). The EFLAGn and
ERROR bit will set to ‘1’ if open or short-circuit is
detected again.
3
2
AUTO_
SWITCHOFF_
DIS
R/W
R/W
0*
Disable the channel for which open or short error
is detected and enable it again when write 1 to
CLRERR, clears all error status bits in EFLAGn
registers and ERROR bit
1
The channel won’t be turned off when open/short
detected
EXP_EN
0*
1
linear adjustment for gradation control
exponential adjustment for gradation control
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 6.ꢀMODE2 - Mode register 2 (address 01h) bit description...continued
Legend: * default value.
Bit Symbol
Access
Value Description
1
0
-
-
read only
read only
0*
1*
reserved
reserved
Brightness adjustment for gradation control is either linear or exponential by setting the
EXP_EN bit as shown in Figure 4. When EXP_EN = 0, linear adjustment scale is used.
When EXP_EN = 1, exponential scale is used.
002aah635
255
IREF_OUT
200
EXP_EN = 0
150
100
EXP_EN = 1
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
255
IREF_IN
Figure 4.ꢀLinear and exponential adjustment curves
7.2.3 LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT5, LED driver output state
Table 7.ꢀLEDOUT0 to LEDOUT5 - LED driver output state registers (address 08h to 0Dh) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit Symbol
7:6 LDR3
5:4 LDR2
3:2 LDR1
1:0 LDR0
7:6 LDR7
5:4 LDR6
3:2 LDR5
1:0 LDR4
7:6 LDR11
Access
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Value
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
Description
08h
09h
0Ah
LEDOUT0
LEDOUT1
LEDOUT2
LED3 output state control
LED2 output state control
LED1 output state control
LED0 output state control
LED7 output state control
LED6 output state control
LED5 output state control
LED4 output state control
LED11 output state control
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NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 7.ꢀLEDOUT0 to LEDOUT5 - LED driver output state registers (address 08h to 0Dh) bit
description...continued
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit Symbol
5:4 LDR10
3:2 LDR9
1:0 LDR8
7:6 LDR15
5:4 LDR14
3:2 LDR13
1:0 LDR12
7:6 LDR19
5:4 LDR18
3:2 LDR17
1:0 LDR16
7:6 LDR23
5:4 LDR22
3:2 LDR21
1:0 LDR20
Access
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Value
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
Description
LED10 output state control
LED9 output state control
LED8 output state control
LED15 output state control
LED14 output state control
LED13 output state control
LED12 output state control
LED19 output state control
LED18 output state control
LED17 output state control
LED16 output state control
LED23 output state control
LED22 output state control
LED21 output state control
LED20 output state control
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
LEDOUT3
LEDOUT4
LEDOUT5
LDRx = 00
LED driver x is off (x = 0 to 23).
LDRx = 01
LED driver x is fully on (individual brightness and group dimming/blinking not controlled).
The OE pin can be used as external dimming/blinking control in this state.
LDRx = 10
LED driver x individual brightness can be controlled through its PWMx register (default
power-up state) or PWMALL register for all LEDn outputs.
LDRx = 11
LED driver x individual brightness and group dimming/blinking can be controlled through
its PWMx register and the GRPPWM registers.
Remark: Setting the device in low power mode while being on group dimming/blinking
mode (LDRx = 11) may cause the LED output state to be in an unknown state after the
device is set back to normal mode. The device must be reset and all register values
reprogrammed.
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.4 GRPPWM, group duty cycle control
Table 8.ꢀGRPPWM - Group brightness control register (address 0Eh) bit
description
Legend: * default value
Address Register
0Eh GRPPWM
Bit Symbol
Access
Value
Description
7:0 GDC[7:0]
R/W
1111 1111* GRPPWM register
When DMBLNK bit (MODE2 register) is programmed with logic 0, a 122 Hz fixed
frequency signal is superimposed with the 31.25 kHz individual brightness control signal.
GRPPWM is then used as a global brightness control allowing the LED outputs to be
dimmed with the same value. The value in GRPFREQ is then a ‘Don’t care’.
General brightness for the 24 outputs is controlled through 255 linear steps from 00h
(0 % duty cycle = LED output off) to FFh (99.6 % duty cycle = maximum brightness).
Applicable to LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 11 (LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3
registers).
When DMBLNK bit is programmed with logic 1, GRPPWM and GRPFREQ registers
define a global blinking pattern, where GRPFREQ contains the blinking period (from
67 ms to 16.8 s) and GRPPWM the duty cycle (ON/OFF ratio in %).
(1)
7.2.5 GRPFREQ, group frequency
Table 9.ꢀGRPFREQ - Group frequency register (address 0Fh) bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit Symbol
Access
Value
Description
0Fh GRPFREQ 7:0 GFRQ[7:0] R/W
0000 0000* GRPFREQ register
GRPFREQ is used to program the global blinking period when DMBLNK bit (MODE2
register) is equal to 1. Value in this register is a ‘Don’t care’ when DMBLNK = 0.
Applicable to LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 11 (LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3
registers).
Blinking period is controlled through 256 linear steps from 00h (67 ms, frequency 15 Hz)
to FFh (16.8 s).
(2)
7.2.6 PWM0 to PWM23, individual brightness control
Table 10.ꢀPWM0 to PWM23 - PWM registers 0 to 23 (address 10h to 27h) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
Symbol
Access Value
Description
10h
11h
12h
PWM0
PWM1
PWM2
7:0
7:0
7:0
IDC0[7:0]
IDC1[7:0]
IDC2[7:0]
R/W
R/W
R/W
0000 0000* PWM0 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM1 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM2 Individual Duty Cycle
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NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 10.ꢀPWM0 to PWM23 - PWM registers 0 to 23 (address 10h to 27h) bit
description...continued
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
Symbol
Access Value
Description
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
21h
22h
23h
24h
25h
26h
27h
PWM3
PWM4
PWM5
PWM6
PWM7
PWM8
PWM9
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
IDC3[7:0]
IDC4[7:0]
IDC5[7:0]
IDC6[7:0]
IDC7[7:0]
IDC8[7:0]
IDC9[7:0]
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0000 0000* PWM3 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM4 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM5 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM6 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM7 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM8 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM9 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM10 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM11 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM12 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM13 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM14 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM15 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM16 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM17 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM18 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM19 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM20 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM21 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM22 Individual Duty Cycle
0000 0000* PWM23 Individual Duty Cycle
PWM10 7:0
PWM11 7:0
IDC10[7:0] R/W
IDC11[7:0] R/W
IDC12[7:0] R/W
IDC13[7:0] R/W
IDC14[7:0] R/W
IDC15[7:0] R/W
PWM12 7:0
PWM13 7:0
PWM14 7:0
PWM15 7:0
PWM16 7:0
PWM17 7:0
PWM18 7:0
PWM19 7:0
PWM20 7:0
PWM21 7:0
PWM22 7:0
PWM23 7:0
IDC8[7:0]
IDC9[7:0]
R/W
R/W
IDC10[7:0] R/W
IDC11[7:0] R/W
IDC12[7:0] R/W
IDC13[7:0] R/W
IDC14[7:0] R/W
IDC15[7:0] R/W
A 31.25 kHz fixed frequency signal is used for each output. Duty cycle is controlled
through 255 linear steps from 00h (0 % duty cycle = LED output off) to FEh (99.2 % duty
cycle = LED output at maximum brightness) and FFh (100 % duty cycle = LED output
completed ON). Applicable to LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 10 or 11 (LEDOUT0
to LEDOUT3 registers).
(3)
Remark: The first lower end 8 steps of PWM and the last (higher end) steps of PWM will
not have effective brightness control of LEDs due to edge rate control of LED output pins.
7.2.7 IREF0 to IREF23, LED output current value registers
These registers reflect the gain settings for output current for LED0 to LED23.
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NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 11.ꢀIREF0 to IREF23 - LED output gain control registers (address 28h to 3Fh) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
Access
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Value
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
00h*
Description
28h
29h
2Ah
2Bh
2Ch
2Dh
2Eh
2Fh
30h
31h
32h
33h
34h
35h
36h
37h
38h
39h
3Ah
3Bh
3Ch
3Dh
3Eh
3Fh
IREF0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
LED0 output current setting
LED1 output current setting
LED2 output current setting
LED3 output current setting
LED4 output current setting
LED5 output current setting
LED6 output current setting
LED7 output current setting
LED8 output current setting
LED9 output current setting
LED10 output current setting
LED11 output current setting
LED12 output current setting
LED13 output current setting
LED14 output current setting
LED15 output current setting
LED16 output current setting
LED17 output current setting
LED18 output current setting
LED19 output current setting
LED20 output current setting
LED21 output current setting
LED22 output current setting
LED23 output current setting
IREF1
IREF2
IREF3
IREF4
IREF5
IREF6
IREF7
IREF8
IREF9
IREF10
IREF11
IREF12
IREF13
IREF14
IREF15
IREF16
IREF17
IREF18
IREF19
IREF20
IREF21
IREF22
IREF23
7.2.8 Gradation control
Gradation control is designed to use six independent groups of registers to program the
full cycle of the gradation timing to implement on each selected channel. Each group has
four registers to define the ramp rate, step time, hold ON/OFF time, and final hold ON
current, as shown in Figure 5.
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
output current
(mA)
hold ON
final current
set in
IREF_GRPx
ramp-up
ramp-down
hold OFF
T4
time (second)
T1
T2
T3
T1
full cycle
002aah636
Figure 5.ꢀGradation timing
• The ‘final’ and ‘hold ON’ current is defined in IREF_GRPx register value × (125 µA if
REXT = 2 kΩ).
• Ramp rate value and enable/disable ramp operation is defined in RAMP_RATE_GRPx
register.
• Total number of ramp steps (or level changes) is calculated as ‘IREF_GRPx value’ ÷
‘ramp rate value in RAMP_RATE_GRPx’. Rounds a number up to the next integer if the
total number is not an integer.
• Time for each step is calculated as ‘cycle time’ × ‘multiple factor’ bits in
STEP_TIME_GRPx register. Minimum time for one step is 0.5 ms (0.5 ms × 1) and
maximum time is 512 ms (8 ms × 64).
• The ramp-up or ramp-down time (T1 or T3) is calculated as ‘(total steps + 1)’ × ‘step
time’.
• Hold ON or OFF time (T2 or T4) is defined in HOLD_CNTL_GRPx register in the range
of 0/0.25/0.5/0.75/1/2/4/6 seconds.
• Gradation start or stop with single shot mode (one full cycle only) or continuous mode
(repeat full cycle) is defined in the GRAD_CNTL register for all groups.
• Each channel can be assigned to one of these six groups in the GRAD_GRP_SELx
register.
• Each channel can set either normal mode or gradation mode operation in the
GRAD_MODE_SELx register.
To enable the gradation operation, the following steps are required:
1. Program all gradation control registers except the gradation start bit in GRAD_CNTL
register.
2. Program either LDRx = 01 (LED fully ON mode) only, or LDRx = 10 or 11 (PWM
control mode) with individual brightness control PWMx register for duty cycle.
3. Program output current value IREFx register to non-zero, which enables LED output.
4. Set the gradation start bit in GRAD_CNTL register for enabling gradation operation.
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NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.8.1 RAMP_RATE_GRP0 to RAMP_RATE_GRP5, ramp rate control registers
Table 12.ꢀRAMP_RATE_GRP[0:3] - Ramp enable and rate control registers (address 40h,
44h, 48h, 4Ch, 50h, 54h) for each group bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit Access
Value Description
40h
44h
48h
4Ch
50h
54h
RAMP_RATE_GRP0
7
R/W
0*
1
Ramp-up disable
RAMP_RATE_GRP1
RAMP_RATE_GRP2
RAMP_RATE_GRP3
RAMP_RATE_GRP4
RAMP_RATE_GRP5
Ramp-up enable
6
R/W
0*
1
Ramp-down disable
Ramp-down enable
5:0 R/W
0x00* Ramp rate value per step is defined
from 1 (00h) to 64 (3Fh)[1][2]
[1] Total number of ramp steps is defined as ‘IREF_GRP[7:0]’ ÷ ‘ramp_rate[5:0]’. (Round up to next integer if it is not an
integer number.)
[2] Per step current increment or decrement is calculated by the (ramp_rate × Iref), where the Iref reference current is 125 µA
(REXT = 2 kΩ).
7.2.8.2 STEP_TIME_GRP0 to STEP_TIME_GRP5, step time control registers
Table 13.ꢀSTEP_TIME_GRP[0:3] - Step time control registers (address 41h, 45h, 49h, 4Dh,
51h, 55h) for each group bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit
7
Access
Value Description
41h
45h
49h
4Dh
51h
55h
STEP_TIME_GRP0
read only 0*
reserved
STEP_TIME_GRP1
STEP_TIME_GRP2
STEP_TIME_GRP3
STEP_TIME_GRP4
STEP_TIME_GRP5
6
R/W
R/W
0*
1
Cycle time is set to 0.5 ms
Cycle time is set to 8 ms
5:0
0x00* Multiple factor per step, the
multiple factor is defined from 1
(00h) to 64 (3Fh)[1]
[1] Step time = cycle time (0.5 ms or 8 ms) × multiple factor (1 ~ 64); minimum step time is 0.5 ms and maximum step time is
512 ms.
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NXP Semiconductors
PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.8.3 HOLD_CNTL_GRP0 to HOLD_CNTL_GRP5, hold ON and OFF control registers
Table 14.ꢀHOLD_CNTL_GRP[0:3] - Hold ON and OFF enable and time control registers
(address 42h, 46h, 4Ah, 4Eh, 52h, 56h) for each group bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit
Access
Value Description
42h
46h
4Ah
4Eh
52h
56h
HOLD_CNTL_GRP0
7
R/W
0*
1
Hold ON disable
Hold ON enable
Hold OFF disable
Hold OFF enable
Hold ON time select:[1]
000: 0 s
HOLD_CNTL_GRP1
HOLD_CNTL_GRP2
HOLD_CNTL_GRP3
HOLD_CNTL_GRP4
HOLD_CNTL_GRP5
6
R/W
R/W
0*
1
5:3
000*
001: 0.25 s
010: 0.5 s
011: 0.75 s
100: 1 s
101: 2 s
110: 4 s
111: 6 s
2:0
R/W
000*
Hold OFF time select:[1]
000: 0 s
001: 0.25 s
010: 0.5 s
011: 0.75 s
100: 1 s
101: 2 s
110: 4 s
111: 6 s
[1] Hold ON or OFF minimum time is 0 s and maximum time is 6 s.
7.2.8.4 IREF_GRP0 to IREF_GRP5, output gain control
Table 15.ꢀIREF_GRP[0:3] - Final and hold ON output gain setting registers (address 43h,
47h, 4Bh, 4Fh, 53h, 57h) for each group bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit
Access
Value Description
00h* Final ramp-up and hold ON output
43h
47h
4Bh
4Fh
53h
57h
IREF_GRP0
7:0
R/W
current gain setting[1]
IREF_GRP1
IREF_GRP2
IREF_GRP3
IREF_GRP4
IREF_GRP5
[1] Output current = Iref × IREF_GRPx[7:0], where Iref is reference current. Iref = 125 µA if REXT = 2 kΩ,
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.8.5 GRAD_MODE_SEL0 to GRAD_MODE_SEL2, Gradation mode select registers
Table 16.ꢀGRAD_MODE_SEL[0:1] - Gradation mode select register for channel 23 to channel
0 (address 58h, 59h, 5Ah) bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit
Access
Value Description[1][2]
58h
59h
5Ah
GRAD_MODE_SEL0 7:0
GRAD_MODE_SEL1 7:0
GRAD_MODE_SEL2 7:0
R/W
00*
FFh
00*
FFh
00*
FFh
Normal operation mode for
channel 7 to channel 0
Gradation operation mode for
channel 7 to channel 0
R/W
R/W
Normal operation mode for
channel 15 to channel 8
Gradation operation mode for
channel 15 to channel 8
Normal operation mode for
channel 23 to channel 16
Gradation operation mode for
channel 23 to channel 16
[1] Each bit represents one channel that can set either 0 for normal mode (use IREFx to set individual LED output current), or
1 for gradation mode (use IREF_GRPx to set group LEDs output current.).
[2] In gradation mode, it only affects the source of the IREF current level and does not affect the PWMx operation or
LEDOUTx registers’ function. It is possible to use the gradation feature, individual PWMx and group PWM simultaneously.
7.2.8.6 GRAD_GRP_SEL0 to GRAD_GRP_SEL11, Gradation group select registers
Table 17.ꢀGRAD_GRP_SEL[0:3] - Gradation group select register for channel 23 to
channel 0 (address 5Bh, 5Ch, 5Dh, 5Eh, 5Fh, 60h, 61h, 62h, 63h, 64h, 65h, 66h) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
GRAD_GRP_SEL0
Bit Access Value Description[1]
5Bh
5Ch
5Dh
5Eh
7
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
0*
Reserved
000*
0*
Gradation group select for LED1 output
Reserved
3
000*
0*
Gradation group select for LED0 output
Reserved
GRAD_GRP_SEL1
GRAD_GRP_SEL2
GRAD_GRP_SEL3
7
000*
0*
Gradation group select for LED3 output
Reserved
3
000*
0*
Gradation group select for LED2 output
Reserved
7
001*
0*
Gradation group select for LED5 output
Reserved
3
001*
0*
Gradation group select for LED4 output
Reserved
7
001*
0*
Gradation group select for LED7 output
Reserved
3
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 17.ꢀGRAD_GRP_SEL[0:3] - Gradation group select register for channel 23 to
channel 0 (address 5Bh, 5Ch, 5Dh, 5Eh, 5Fh, 60h, 61h, 62h, 63h, 64h, 65h, 66h) bit
description...continued
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
Bit Access Value Description[1]
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
GRAD_GRP_SEL10 7 R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
R/W
6:4 R/W
R/W
2:0 R/W
001*
0*
Gradation group select for LED6 output
Reserved
5Fh
60h
61h
62h
63h
64h
65h
66h
GRAD_GRP_SEL4
7
010*
0*
Gradation group select for LED9 output
Reserved
3
010*
0*
Gradation group select for LED8 output
Reserved
GRAD_GRP_SEL5
GRAD_GRP_SEL6
GRAD_GRP_SEL7
GRAD_GRP_SEL8
GRAD_GRP_SEL9
7
010*
0*
Gradation group select for LED11 output
Reserved
3
010*
0*
Gradation group select for LED10 output
Reserved
7
011*
0*
Gradation group select for LED13 output
Reserved
3
011*
0*
Gradation group select for LED12 output
Reserved
7
011*
0*
Gradation group select for LED15 output
Reserved
3
011*
0*
Gradation group select for LED14 output
Reserved
7
100*
0*
Gradation group select for LED17 output
Reserved
3
100*
0*
Gradation group select for LED16 output
Reserved
7
100*
0*
Gradation group select for LED19 output
Reserved
3
100*
0*
Gradation group select for LED18 output
Reserved
101*
0*
Gradation group select for LED21 output
Reserved
3
101*
0*
Gradation group select for LED20 output
Reserved
GRAD_GRP_SEL11
7
101*
0*
Gradation group select for LED23 output
Reserved
3
101*
Gradation group select for LED22 output
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
[1] LED[3:0] outputs default assigned to group 0; LED[7:4] outputs default assigned to group 1; LED[11:8] outputs default
assigned to group 2; LED[15:12] outputs default assigned to group 3;
LED[19:16] outputs default assigned to group 4; LED[23:20] outputs default assigned to
group 5.
7.2.8.7 GRAD_CNTL, Gradation control register
Table 18.ꢀGRAD_CNTL[0:1] - Gradation control register for group 5 to group 0 (address 67h,
68h) bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register
67h GRAD_CNTL0
Bit
Access
Value Description
7
R/W
0*
1
Gradation stop or done for group 3[1]
Gradation start for group 3[2]
6
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
0*
1
Single shot operation for group 3
Continuous operation for group 3
Gradation stop or done for group 2[1]
Gradation start for group 2[2]
5
0*
1
4
0*
1
Single shot operation for group 2
Continuous operation for group 2
Gradation stop or done for group 1[1]
Gradation start for group 1[2]
3
0*
1
2
0*
1
Single shot operation for group 1
Continuous operation for group 1
Gradation stop or done for group 0[1]
Gradation start for group 0[2]
1
0*
1
0
0*
1
Single shot operation for group 0
Continuous operation for group 0
Gradation stop or done for group 5[1]
Gradation start for group 5[2]
68h
GRAD_CNTL1
7
0*
1
6
0*
1
Single shot operation for group 5
Continuous operation for group 5
Gradation stop or done for group 4[1]
Gradation start for group 4[2]
5
0*
1
4
0*
1
Single shot operation for group 4
Continuous operation for group 4
Reserved
3:0
0*
[1] When the gradation operation is forced to stop, the output current stops immediately and is frozen at the last output level.
[2] This bit will be self-cleared when single mode is completed, and writing 0 to this bit will force to stop the gradation
operation when single mode is not completed or continuous mode is running.
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.8.8 Ramp control — equation and calculation example
IREF_GRPx
(max. = 255)
125 µA × 250 = 31.25 mA
250
200
150
100
50
(step current)
(6.25 mA)
s1
End with
current zero
(step time)
(32 ms)
t1
0
time
ramp-up
hold ON
(0.25 s)
ramp-down
hold OFF
(0.5 s)
(T = 192 ms)
(T = 192 ms)
Start from
current zero
full cycle
aaa-034477
Figure 6.ꢀRamp calculation example 1
• t1 (step time) = cycle time × multiple factor, where:
– Cycle time = 0.5 ms (fast ramp) or 8 ms (slow ramp) in STEP_TIME_GRPx[6]
– Multiple factor = 6-bit, from 1 (00h) to 64 (3Fh) counts in STEP_TIME_GRPx[5:0]
• s1 (step current) = ramp_rate × Iref, where:
– ramp_rate = 6-bit, from 1 (00h) to 64 (3Fh) counts in RAMP_RATE_GRPx[5:0]
– Iref = reference current of 125 µA if REXT = 2 kΩ
• S (total steps) = (IREF_GRPx / ramp_rate), where:
– IREF_GRPx = output current gain setting, 8-bit, up to 255 counts
– ramp_rate = 6-bit, up to 64 counts in RAMP_RATE_GRPx[5:0]
– If it is not an integer, then round up to next integer number.
• T (ramp time) = (S (total steps) + 1) × t1 (step time)
– Ramp-up time starts from zero current and ends at the maximum current
– Ramp-down time starts from the maximum current and ends at the zero current
Calculation example 1 (Figure 6):
• Assumption:
– Iref = 125 µA if REXT = 2 kΩ
– Output hold ON current = 125 µA × 250 = 31.25 mA (IREF_GRPx[7:0] = FAh)
– Cycle time = 0.5 ms (STEP_TIME_GRPx[6] = 0)
– Multiple factor = 64 (STEP_TIME_GRPx[5:0] = 3Fh)
– Ramp rate = 50 (RAMP_RATE_GRPx[5:0] = 31h)
– Hold ON = 0.25 s (HOLD_CNTL_GRPx[5:3] = 001)
– Hold OFF = 0.5 s (HOLD_CNTL_GRPx[2:0] = 010)
• t1 (step time) = cycle time (0.5 ms) × multiple (64) = 32 ms
• Step current = ramp_rate × Iref = 50 × 125 µA = 6.25 mA
• S (total steps) = (IREF_GRPx ÷ ramp_rate) = (250 ÷ 50) = 5 steps
• T (ramp time) = (S + 1) × t1 = 6 × 32 ms = 192 ms
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
IREF_GRPx
(max. = 255)
240
(step time)
t1
(30 mA)
(32 ms)
190
200
150
100
140
s1
(step current)
90
40
50
(6.25 mA)
0
time
ramp-up
hold ON
(0.25 s)
ramp-down
hold OFF
(0.5 s)
(T = 192 ms)
(T = 192 ms)
full cycle
aaa-034484
Figure 7.ꢀRamp calculation example 2
Calculation example 2:
• Assumption:
– Iref = 125 µA if REXT = 2 kΩ
– Output hold ON current = 125 µA × 240 = 30 mA (IREF_GRPx[7:0] = F0h)
– Cycle time = 0.5 ms (STEP_TIME_GRPx[6] = 0)
– Multiple factor = 64 (STEP_TIME_GRPx[5:0] = 3Fh)
– Ramp rate = 50 (RAMP_RATE_GRPx[5:0] = 31h)
– Hold ON = 0.25 s (HOLD_CNTL_GRPx[5:3] = 001)
– Hold OFF = 0.5 s (HOLD_CNTL_GRPx[2:0] = 010)
• t1 (step time) = cycle time (0.5 ms) × multiple (64) = 32 ms
• Step current = ramp_rate × Iref = 50 × 125 µA = 6.25 mA (except the last one)
• S (total steps) = IREF_GRPx ÷ ramp_rate = 240 ÷ 50 = 4.8 steps (round up to next
integer) = 5 steps
• T (ramp time) = (S + 1) × t1 = 6 × 32 ms = 192 ms
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
(enable bit)
Ramp UP
(enable bit)
Hold ON
(enable bit)
Ramp DOWN
(enable bit)
Hold OFF
Single shot waveform
Continuous waveform
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
wavefrom when initial current is not zero
the moment when START bit changes to 0 (single shot sequence ends)
aaa-009234
Figure 8.ꢀGradation output waveform in single shot or continuous mode
7.2.9 OFFSET — LEDn output delay offset register
Table 19.ꢀOFFSET - LEDn output delay offset register (address 69h) bit description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
Access
read only
R/W
Value
0000*
1000*
Description
69h
OFFSET 7:4
3:0
not used
LEDn output delay offset factor (0000 -
1011)
The PCA9957 can be programmed to have turn-on delay between LED outputs. This
helps to reduce peak current for the VDD supply and reduces EMI.
This turn-on delay also applies to OE pin when becomes low.
The order in which the LED outputs are enabled will always be the same (channel 0 will
enable first and channel 23 will enable last).
OFFSET control register bits [3:0] determine the delay used between the turn-on times
as follows, and the valid number is 0000 – 1011. The number greater than 1011 (such as
1100 - 1111) will have the same turn-on delay as 1011 setting (1.375 µS), and read back
value will be changed to 1011:
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
0000 = no delay between outputs (all on, all off at the same time)
0001 = delay of 1 clock cycle (125 ns) between successive outputs
0010 = delay of 2 clock cycles (250 ns) between successive outputs
0011 = delay of 3 clock cycles (375 ns) between successive outputs
:
1011 = delay of 11 clock cycles (1.375 µs) between successive outputs
:
1111 = delay of 11 clock cycles (1.375 µs) between successive outputs
Example: If the value in the OFFSET register is 1000, the corresponding delay = 8 ×
125 ns = 1 µs delay between successive outputs.
channel 0 turns on at time 0 µs
channel 1 turns on at time 1 µs
channel 2 turns on at time 2 µs
channel 3 turns on at time 3 µs
channel 4 turns on at time 4 µs
channel 5 turns on at time 5 µs
channel 6 turns on at time 6 µs
channel 7 turns on at time 7 µs
channel 8 turns on at time 8 µs
channel 9 turns on at time 9 µs
channel 10 turns on at time 10 µs
channel 11 turns on at time 11 µs
channel 12 turns on at time 12 µs
channel 13 turns on at time 13 µs
channel 14 turns on at time 14 µs
channel 15 turns on at time 15 µs
channel 16 turns on at time 16 µs
channel 17 turns on at time 17 µs
channel 18 turns on at time 18 µs
channel 19 turns on at time 19 µs
channel 20 turns on at time 20 µs
channel 21 turns on at time 21 µs
channel 22 turns on at time 22 µs
channel 23 turns on at time 23 µs
7.2.10 PWMALL — brightness control for all LEDn outputs
When programmed, the value in this register will be used for PWM duty cycle for all the
LEDn outputs and will be reflected in PWM0 through PWM23 registers.
Table 20.ꢀPWMALL - brightness control for all LEDn outputs register (address 6Ah) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
6Ah PWMALL 7:0
Access
Value
Description
write only
0000 0000*
duty cycle for all LEDn outputs
Remark: Write to any of the PWM0 to PWM23 registers will overwrite the value in
corresponding PWMn register programmed by PWMALL.
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.11 IREFALL register: output current value for all LED outputs
The output current setting for all outputs is held in this register. When this register is
written to or updated, all LED outputs will be set to a current corresponding to this
register value.
Writes to IREF0 to IREF23 will overwrite the output current settings.
Table 21.ꢀIREFALL - Output gain control for all LED outputs (address 6Bh) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
6Bh IREFALL 7:0
Access
Value
Description
write only
00h*
Current gain setting for all LED outputs.
7.2.12 LED driver constant current outputs
In LED display applications, PCA9957 provides nearly no current variations, the absolute
accuracy is less than ± 6.5 %.
7.2.12.1 Adjusting output current
The PCA9957 scales up the reference current (Iref) set by the external resistor (Rext
)
to sink the output current (IO) at each output port. The maximum output current for the
outputs can be set using Rext. In addition, the constant value for current drive at each of
the outputs is independently programmable using command registers IREF0 to IREF23.
Alternatively, programming the IREFALL register allows all outputs to be set at one
current value determined by the value in IREFALL register.
Equation 4 and Equation 5 can be used to calculate the minimum and maximum constant
current values that can be programmed for the outputs for a chosen Rext
.
(4)
(5)
For a given IREFx setting:
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
aaa-034486
80
O(LEDn)
IREFx = 255
I
(mA)
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
)
R
ext
(k
IO(LEDn) (mA) = IREFx × (1 / 4) / Rext (kΩ)
maximum IO(LEDn) (mA) = 255 × (1 / 4) / Rext (kΩ)
Remark: Default IREFx at power-up = 0.
Figure 9.ꢀMaximum ILED versus Rext
Example 1: If Rext = 2 kΩ, IO_LED_MIN = 125.0 µA, IO_LED_MAX = 31.875 mA (as
shown in Figure 10).
So each channel can be programmed with its individual IREFx in 256 steps and in
125 µA increments to a maximum output current of 31.875 mA independently.
aaa-034487
32
30
I
O(target)
(mA)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
31
63
95
127
159
191
223
255
IREF[7:0] value
Figure 10.ꢀIO(target) versus IREFx value with Rext = 2 kΩ
7.2.13 LED error detection
The PCA9957 is capable of detecting an LED open or a short condition at its open-drain
LED outputs. Users will recognize these faults by reading the status of a pair of error bits
(ERRx) in error flag registers (EFLAGn) for each channel. Both LDRx value in LEDOUTx
registers and IREFx value must be set to ‘00’ for those unused LED output channels.
If the output is selected to be fully on, individual dim, or individual and group dim, that
channel will be tested.
The user can poll the ERROR status bit (bit 6 in MODE2 register) to check if there
is a fault condition in any of the 24 channels. The EFLAGn registers can then be
read to determine which channels are at fault and the type of fault in those channels.
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
The error status reported by the EFLAGn register is real time information, when
AUTO_SWITCHOFF_DIS = 1, it will get self cleared once the error is fixed or write ‘1’ to
CLRERR bit (bit 4 in MODE2 register), when AUTO_SWITCHOFF_DIS = 0, PCA9957
will stop detection once error occurs, the EFLAGn register will keep the last error status
until write ‘1’ to CLRERR bit or get reset.
Remark: When LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 10 or 11 in LEDOUT[3:0]
registers, checks for open and short-circuit will not occur if the PWM value in PWM0 to
PWM23 registers is less than 8 or 255 (100 % duty cycle).
Table 22.ꢀEFLAG0 to EFLAG5 - Error flag registers (address 02h to 07h) bit
description
Legend: * default value.
Address Register Bit
Symbol Access Value
Description
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
EFLAG0
EFLAG1
EFLAG2
EFLAG3
EFLAG4
EFLAG5
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
ERR3
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
R only
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
00*
Error status for LED3 output
Error status for LED2 output
Error status for LED1 output
Error status for LED0 output
Error status for LED7 output
Error status for LED6 output
Error status for LED5 output
Error status for LED4 output
Error status for LED11 output
Error status for LED10 output
Error status for LED9 output
Error status for LED8 output
Error status for LED15 output
Error status for LED14 output
Error status for LED13 output
Error status for LED12 output
Error status for LED19 output
Error status for LED18 output
Error status for LED17 output
Error status for LED16 output
Error status for LED23 output
Error status for LED22 output
Error status for LED21 output
Error status for LED20 output
ERR2
ERR1
ERR0
ERR7
ERR6
ERR5
ERR4
ERR11
ERR10
ERR9
ERR8
ERR15
ERR14
ERR13
ERR12
ERR19
ERR18
ERR17
ERR16
ERR23
ERR22
ERR21
ERR20
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 23.ꢀERRx bit description
LED error detection
status
ERRx
Description
Bit 1
Bit 0
No error
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
In normal operation and no error
Detected LED short-circuit condition
Detected LED open-circuit condition
This condition does not exist
Short-circuit
Open-circuit
DNE (Do Not Exist)
7.2.13.1 Open-circuit detection principle
The PCA9957 LED open-circuit detection compares the effective current level IO with
the open load detection threshold current Ith(det). If IO is below the threshold Ith(det), the
PCA9957 detects an open load condition. This error status can be read out as an error
flag through the EFLAGn registers. For open-circuit error detection of an output channel,
that channel must be ON.
Table 24.ꢀOpen-circuit detection
State of output Condition of output Error status code
Description
port
OFF
ON
current
IO = 0 mA
IO < Ith(det)
IO ≥ Ith(det)
0
1
detection not possible
open-circuit
[1]
[1]
this channel open error status normal
bit is 0
[1] Ith(det) = 0.5 × IO(target) (typical). This threshold may be different for each I/O and only depends on IREFx and Rext
.
7.2.13.2 Short-circuit detection principle
The LED short-circuit detection compares the effective output voltage level (VO) with the
shorted-load detection threshold voltages Vth(trig). If VO is above the Vth(trig) threshold, the
PCA9957 detects a shorted-load condition. If VO is below the Vth(trig) threshold, no error
is detected and error bit is set to ‘0’. This error status can be read out as an error flag
through the EFLAGn registers. For short-circuit error detection of an output channel, that
channel must be ON.
Table 25.ꢀShort-circuit detection
State of output Condition of output Error status code
Description
port
OFF
ON
voltage
-
0
1
detection not possible
short-circuit
[1]
[1]
VO ≥ Vth(trig)
VO < Vth(trig)
this channel short error status normal
bit is 0
[1] Vth 1.96 V.
≅
Remark: The error status distinguishes between an LED short condition and an LED
open condition. Upon detecting an LED short or open, the corresponding LED outputs
should be turned OFF to prevent heat dissipation for a short in the chip. Although an
open event will not be harmful, the outputs should be turned OFF for both occasions to
repair the LED string.
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
7.2.14 Overtemperature protection
If the PCA9957 chip temperature exceeds its limit (Tth(otp) (rising) maximum, see
Table 28), all output channels will be disabled until the temperature drops below its
limit minus a small hysteresis (Tth(otp) (hysteresis) maximum, see Table 28). When
an overtemperature situation is encountered, the OVERTEMP flag (bit 7) is set in the
MODE2 register. Once the die temperature reduces below the Tth(otp) rising - Tth(otp)
hysteresis, the chip will return to the same condition it was prior to the overtemperature
event and the OVERTEMP flag will be cleared.
7.3 Active LOW output enable input
The active LOW output enable (OE) pin on PCA9957 allows to enable or disable all the
LED outputs at the same time.
• When a LOW level is applied to OE pin, all the LED outputs are enabled, LEDn output
delay applies to this sequence.
• When a HIGH level is applied to OE pin, all the LED outputs are high-impedance.
The OE pin can be used as a synchronization signal to switch on/off several PCA9957
devices at the same time when LED drive output state is set fully ON (LDRx = 01 in
LEDOUTx register) in these devices. This requires an external clock reference that
provides blinking period and the duty cycle.
The OE pin can also be used as an external dimming control signal. The frequency of the
external clock must be high enough not to be seen by the human eye, and the duty cycle
value determines the brightness of the LEDs.
LEDn output delay controlled by register OFFSET also applies OE control.
Remark: Do not use OE as an external blinking control signal when internal global
blinking is selected (DMBLNK = 1, MODE2 register) since it will result in an undefined
blinking pattern. Do not use OE as an external dimming control signal when internal
global dimming is selected (DMBLNK = 0, MODE2 register) since it will result in an
undefined dimming pattern.
7.4 Power-on reset
When power is applied to VDD, an internal power-on reset holds the PCA9957 in a reset
condition until VDD has reached VPOR. At this point, the reset condition is released and
the PCA9957 registers and serial bus state machine are initialized to their default states
(all zeroes) causing all the channels to be deselected. Thereafter, VDD must be pulled
lower than 1 V and stay LOW for longer than 20 µs. The device will reset itself, and allow
2 ms for the device to fully wake up.
7.5 Hardware reset recovery
When a reset of PCA9957 is activated using an active LOW input on the RESET pin, a
reset pulse width of 2.5 µs minimum is required. The maximum wait time after RESET pin
is released is 1.5 ms.
7.6 Individual brightness control with group dimming/blinking
A 31.25 kHz fixed frequency signal with programmable duty cycle (8 bits, 256 steps) is
used to control individually the brightness for each LED.
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
On top of this signal, one of the following signals can be superimposed (this signal can
be applied to the 24 LED outputs LED0 to LED23).
• A lower 122 Hz fixed frequency signal with programmable duty cycle (8 bits, 256 steps)
is used to provide a global brightness control.
• A programmable frequency signal from 15 Hz to every 16.8 seconds (8 bits, 256 steps)
with programmable duty cycle (8 bits, 256 steps) is used to provide a global blinking
control.
252
254
256
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
251
253
255
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
Brightness Control signal (LEDn)
N × 125 ns
with N = (0 to 255)
(PWMx Register)
M × 256 × 125 ns
with M = (0 to 255)
(GRPPWM Register)
256 × 125 ns = 32 µs
(31.25 kHz)
Group Dimming signal
256 × 256 × 125 ns = 8.19 ms (122 Hz)
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
002aaf935
resulting Brightness + Group Dimming signal
Minimum pulse width for LEDn Brightness Control is 125 ns.
Minimum pulse width for Group Dimming is 32 µs.
When M = 1 (GRPPWM register value), the resulting LEDn Brightness Control + Group Dimming signal will have 1 pulse
of the LED Brightness Control signal (pulse width = N × 125 ns, with ‘N’ defined in PWMx register).
This resulting Brightness + Group Dimming signal above shows a resulting Control signal with M = 8.
Figure 11.ꢀBrightness + Group Dimming signals
8 Characteristics of the 4-wire SPI serial-bus interface
The PCA9957 communicates through a daisy-chain SPI-compatible 4-wire serial
interface. The interface has three inputs and one output: serial clock (SCLK), active LOW
chip select (CS), serial data in (SDI) and serial data output (SDO). CS must be LOW to
clock data into the device, and SDI must be stable when sampled on the rising edge of
SCLK. The PCA9957 ignores all activity on SCLK and SDI except when CS is LOW.
8.1 SPI-compatible 4-wire serial interface signals
CS
The active LOW chip select line is used to activate and access the SPI slaves. As long as
CS is HIGH, all slaves will not accept the clock signal or data, and the output SDO is in
high-impedance state. Whenever this pin is in a logic LOW state, data can be transferred
between the master and all slaves.
SCLK
Serial clock is provided by SPI master and determines the speed of the data transfer. All
receiving and sending data are done synchronously (clocks the internal SPI shift register
and the output driver) to this clock.
SDI
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Serial Data In is read on the rising edge of SCLK into the internal 16-bit shift registers.
On the rising edge of CS, the input data is latched into the internal registers of the device.
The device ignores all activity on SDI when CS is de-asserted.
SDO
Serial Data Out is the pin on which the internal 16-bit shift registers data is shifted out
serially. SDO is in a high-impedance state until the CS pin goes to a logic LOW state.
New data will appear at the SDO pin following the falling edge of SCLK.
All slave devices can be daisy-chained by connecting the SDO of one device to the SDI
of the next device, and driving SCLK and CS lines in parallel. Figure 12 depicts how
the slaves are connected to the master. All slave devices are accessed at the same
time with CS. An access requires (16 × n) clock cycles, where ‘n’ is the number of slave
devices. As long as CS is LOW, the SPI registers are working as simple shift registers
and shifting through the SDI data without interpreting the different control and data bits.
When CS goes back to HIGH, the bits in the SPI registers are interpreted and the SPI
logic is activated.
Only the first slave in the chain receives the control and data bits directly from the SPI
Master. Every other slave in the network receives its SDI data from the SDO output of the
preceding slave in the chain, and the SDO of the last slave is then connected to the data
input (MISO) of SPI Master. Each slave has 16-bit shift registers shifted in from SDI and
shifted out to SDO, along with the SCLK clock. The whole chain acts as a 48-bit (n × 16-
bit, where ‘n’ is number of slaves) big shift register.
CS
SPI
MASTER
CS
CS
CS
PCA9957
(slave 1)
PCA9957
(slave 2)
PCA9957
(slave 3)
SCLK
MOSI
MISO
SCLK
SDI
SCLK
SDI
SCLK
SDI
SDO
SDO
SDO
aaa-034488
Figure 12.ꢀSystem level connection
8.2 Data format
As shown in Figure 13, the data transfers are 16-bit × n bits wide (where ‘n’ is the number
of slaves) with MSB transferred first. The first 7 bits, D[15:9], form the address of the
register to be accessed, the eighth bit (D8) indicates the types of access, either read
(= 1) or write (= 0), and the last 8 bits, D[7:0], consist of data. Register read and write
sequences (described in the following sections) always begin from the bus idle condition.
The bus idle condition refers to CS being HIGH and SCLK being in a LOW state.
first byte
second byte
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
MSB
LSB
MSB
LSB
register address
data
R/W
aaa-011890
Figure 13.ꢀData format
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
8.3 Write access sequence
The registers are written using the following write sequence (from a bus idle condition)
when the system has three slaves daisy-chained together:
1. All the slave devices in chain will be involved in a write or read operation. Every slave
device in the chain is a portion of one big shift register.
2. Drive CS LOW. This enables the internal 16-bit shift register.
3. Shift 16 × n bits of data (where ‘n’ is the number of slaves) into the first slave device
in a MSB-first fashion. Data is shifted on the rising edge of SCLK and must be stable
during the rising edge of SCLK.
4. The 8th bit of the data for every 16 bits (each device) must be a ‘0’, indicating it is a
write transfer.
5. After the last bit of data is transferred, drive SCLK LOW and de-assert CS (drive it
HIGH).
6. When CS goes from LOW to HIGH, the data in the shift register is latched into the
device registers.
If fewer than 16 bits of data are transferred before de-asserting CS, then the data is
ignored and the register will not be updated. The write transfer format is shown in
Figure 14.
CS
SCLK
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
WR (slave 3)
SDI
WR (slave 2)
WR (slave 1)
SDO
WR (slave 3)
WR (slave 2)
WR (slave 3)
(slave 1)
SDO
(slave 2)
SDO
(slave 3)
aaa-011891
Figure 14.ꢀWrite access
8.4 Read access sequence
The registers are read using the following read sequence (from a bus idle condition)
when the system has three slaves daisy-chained as shown in Figure 15.
1. The master sends the first three 2-byte read instructions with 48 clocks, where the first
byte is a 7-bit register address, an eighth bit set to one, followed by dummy data byte
(all ones).
2. The Read instruction is decoded when CS is de-asserted (from LOW to HIGH).
3. The read data is shifted out on SDO when CS is asserted again (from HIGH to LOW).
4. The master sends the second three 2-byte ‘No Operation’ (NOP) operations (all ones)
with 48 clocks and reads the requested data on MISO in sequence where the first
byte is dummy data (don’t care), followed by the read data byte.
5. A read cycle consists of asserting and de-asserting of CS twice.
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
11111111
(NOP)
11111111
(NOP)
11111111
(NOP)
11111111
(NOP)
11111111
(NOP)
11111111
(NOP)
MOSI
MISO XXXXXXXX
Data 3
XXXXXXXX
Data 2
XXXXXXXX
Data 1
CS
SCLK
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
NOP
16 clocks
MOSI
MISO
RD slave 3
NOP
RD slave 2
RD slave 1
NOP
Slave 3 OUT
Slave 2 OUT
Slave 1 OUT
aaa-011892
Figure 15.ꢀRead access
8.5 Overlapped read and write access sequence
The registers are read and write overlapped using the following sequence (from a bus
idle condition) when the system has three slaves daisy-chained as shown in Figure 16.
1. The second phase of the read cycle can be used to send in write data or the next read
instruction. This increases the bus utility and hence efficiency.
2. The master sends the first three 2-byte read instructions with 48 clocks, where the first
byte is a 7-bit register address, the eighth bit is set to one, followed by dummy data
byte (all ones).
3. The read instruction is decoded when CS is de-asserted (from LOW to HIGH).
4. Start to shift read data out on SDO when CS is asserted again (from HIGH to LOW)
and start to send in the next read or write instruction on the SDI line.
MOSI
Write 3
WR Data 3
Write 2
WR Data 2
Write 1
WR Data 1
MISO XXXXXXXX RD Data 3 XXXXXXXX RD Data 2 XXXXXXXX RD Data 1
CS
SCLK
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
16 clocks
MOSI
MISO
RD slave 3
WR slave 3
RD slave 2
RD slave 1
WR slave 2
WR slave 1
Slave 3 OUT
Slave 2 OUT
Slave 1 OUT
aaa-011893
Figure 16.ꢀOverlapped read and write access
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
9 Application design-in information
V
= 1.65 V ~ 5.5 V
DDIO
V
= 2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
DD
(2)
(1)
10 k
10 k
up to 5.5 V
SPI
SERIAL BUS
MASTER
V
V
DDIO DD
LED0
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
LED5
CS
CS
MISO
MOSI
SCLK
SDO
SDI
SCLK
OE
OE
RESET
RESET
PCA9957
LED6
LED7
REXT
LED8
ISET
LED9
LED10
LED11
LED12
LED13
LED n
LED23
V
SS
V
C
10 µF
SS
aaa-034489
1. OE requires pull-up resistor if control signal from the master is open-drain
2. RESET requires a pull-up resistor of <100 kΩ if not used or connected to open-drain output
Figure 17.ꢀTypical application
9.1 Thermal considerations
Since the PCA9957 device integrates 24 linear current sources, thermal considerations
should be taken into account to prevent overheating, which can cause the device to go
into thermal shutdown.
Perhaps the major contributor for device’s overheating is the LED forward voltage
mismatch. This is because it can cause significant voltage differences between the
LED of the same type (for example, 2 V to 3 V), which ultimately translates into higher
power dissipation in the device. The voltage drop across the LED channels of the device
is given by the difference between the supply voltage and the LED forward voltage of
each LED. Reducing this to a minimum (for example, 0.4 V) helps to keep the power
dissipation down. Therefore LEDs binning is recommended to minimize LED voltage
forward variation and reduce power dissipation in the device.
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
In order to ensure that the device will not go into thermal shutdown when operating under
certain application conditions, its junction temperature (Tj) should be calculated to ensure
that is below the overtemperature threshold limit (130 °C). The Tj of the device depends
on the ambient temperature (Tamb), device’s total power dissipation (Ptot), and thermal
resistance.
The device junction temperature can be calculated by using the following equation:
(6)
where:
Tj = junction temperature
Tamb = ambient temperature
Rth(j-a) = junction to ambient thermal resistance
Ptot = (device) total power dissipation
An example of this calculation is show below:
Conditions:
Tamb = 50 °C
Rth(j-a) = 39 °C/W (per JEDEC 51 standard for multilayer PCB)
ILED = 30 mA / channel
IDD(max) = 20 mA
VDD = 3.3 V
LEDs per channel = 1 LEDs / channel
LED VF(typ) = 3 V per LED
LED VF mismatch = 0.2 V per LED
Vreg(drv) = 0.4 V (This will be present only in the LED string with the highest LED
forward voltage.)
Vsup = LED VF(typ) + LED VF mismatch + Vreg(drv) = 3 V + 0.2 V + 0.4 V = 3.6 V
Ptot calculation:
Ptot = IC_power + LED drivers_power;
IC_power = (IDD × VDD
)
IC_power = (0.02 A × 3.3 V) = 0.066 W
LED drivers_power = [(24 - 1) × (ILED) × (LED VF mismatch + Vreg(drv))] + (ILED
×
Vreg(drv)
)
LED drivers_power = [23 × 0.03 A × (0.2 V + 0.4 V)] + (0.03 A × 0.4 V)] = 0.426 W
Ptot = 0.66 W + 0.426 W = 0.492 W
Tj calculation:
Tj = Tamb + Rth(j-a) × Ptot
Tj = 50 °C + (30 °C/W × 0.492 W) = 64.76 °C
This confirms that the junction temperature is below the minimum overtemperature
threshold of 130 °C, which ensures the device will not go into thermal shutdown under
these conditions.
It is important to mention that the value of the thermal resistance junction-to-ambient
(Rth(j-a)) strongly depends in the PCB design. Therefore, the thermal pad of the device
should be attached to a big enough PCB copper area to ensure proper thermal
dissipation (similar to JEDEC 51 standard). Several thermal vias in the PCB thermal pad
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
should be used as well to increase the effectiveness of the heat dissipation (for example,
15 thermal vias). The thermal vias should be distributed evenly in the PCB thermal pad.
Finally, it is important to point out that this calculation should be taken as a reference only
and therefore evaluations should still be performed under the application environment
and conditions to confirm proper system operation.
10 Limiting values
Table 26.ꢀLimiting values
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134).
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Max
+6.0
+6.0
5.5
Unit
V
supply voltage
-0.5
VDDIO
VI/O
supply voltage of interface
voltage on an input/output pin
LED driver voltage
-0.5
V
VSS - 0.5
V
Vdrv(LED)
IO(LEDn)
ISS
VSS - 0.5
+6.0
40
V
output current on pin LEDn
ground supply current
total power dissipation
-
mA
A
-
1.0
Ptot
Tamb = 25 °C
Tamb = 85 °C
-
3.3
W
W
°C
°C
°C
-
1.3
Tstg
Tamb
Tj
storage temperature
ambient temperature
junction temperature
-65
-40
-40
+150
+85
+125
operating for non AEC-Q100
11 Thermal characteristics
Table 27.ꢀThermal characteristics
Symbol
Rth(j-a)
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
Unit
[1]
thermal resistance from junction to ambient HVQFN40
35.6
°C/W
°C/W
Rth(j-case top)
thermal resistance between the junction and HVQFN40
the case top
17.9
Rth(j-case bottom) thermal resistance between the junction and HVQFN40
the case bottom
8.5
°C/W
°C/W
[1]
Rth(j-board)
thermal resistance between the junction and HVQFN40
the board
27.2
[1] Per JEDEC 51 standard for multilayer PCB and Wind Speed (m/s) = 0.
12 Static characteristics
Table 28.ꢀStatic characteristics
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = -40 °C to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified.
Symbol
Supply
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ [1] Max
Unit
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 28.ꢀStatic characteristics...continued
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = -40 °C to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified.
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Conditions
Min
2.7
Typ [1] Max
Unit
V
supply voltage
-
-
5.5
5.5
VDDIO
supply voltage of SPI
interface
1.65
V
IDD
supply current
on pin VDD; operating mode; fSCLK
= 10 MHz
Rext = 2 kΩ; LED[23:0] = off;
IREFx = 00h
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.2
6.7
650
mA
mA
µA
Rext = 2 kΩ; LED[23:0] = on;
IREFx = FFh
IDDIO
supply current
standby current
on pin VDDIO; operating mode;
fSCLK = 10 MHz; keep writing
mode register (01h) with 00h
Istb
on pin VDD; no load; fSCLK = 0 Hz;
MODE1[4] = 1; VI = VDD
VDD = 3.3 V
-
-
-
-
170
170
2
600
µA
µA
V
VDD = 5.5 V
700
VPOR
VPDR
power-on reset voltage
no load; VI = VDD or VSS
no load; VI = VDD or VSS
-
-
[2]
[3]
power-down reset voltage
1
V
Inputs CS, SDI, SCLK; output SDO
VIL
VIH
VOH
VOL
IL
LOW-level input voltage
HIGH-level input voltage
HIGH-level output voltage
LOW-level output voltage
leakage current
-0.5
-
+0.3VDDIO
V
0.7VDDIO
-
5.5
V
IOH = -3 mA at SDO
IOL = 3 mA at SDO
VI = VDDIO or VSS
VI = VSS
0.8VDDIO
-
-
V
-
-
0.2VDDIO
+1
V
-1
-
-
µA
pF
Ci
input capacitance
6
10
Current controlled outputs (LED[23:0])
IO(LEDn) output current on pin LEDn
[3]
[3]
VO = 0.4 V; IREFx = 80h; Rext = 2
kΩ
15
30
16
32
17
mA
mA
%
VO = 0.4 V; IREFx = FFh; Rext = 2
kΩ
34
ΔIO_Absolute absolute output current
variation
VO = 0.4 V; all channels on; IREFx
>= 20h Rext = 2 kΩ; refer to ideal
value; guaranteed by design
±6.5
VO = 0.4 V; all channels on; IREFx
< 20h; Rext = 2 kΩ; refer to ideal
value; guaranteed by design
±8
±6
%
%
[4]
ΔIO_mis_p2p part to part output current
mismatch
all channels on; IREFx = FFh.
Rext = 2 kΩ; VO = 0.4 V; average
value of 24 output current of each
device, comparing to ideal value
-
-
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PCA9957
24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 28.ꢀStatic characteristics...continued
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = -40 °C to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ [1] Max
Unit
[5]
ΔIO_mis_c2c channel to channel output
current mismatch
all channels on; IREFx = FFh. Rext
= 2 kΩ; VO = 0.4 V; each channel
current comparing to average
current of 24 channels
-
-
±4
%
Vreg(drv)
driver regulation voltage
minimum regulation voltage;
IREFx = FFh; Rext = 2 kΩ
0.4
5.5
V
IL(off)
Vtrip
off-state leakage current
trip voltage
VO = 5 V
-
-
1
-
µA
V
short LED protection; Error flag
1.85
1.96
trips during verification test if VO
Vtrip; Rext = 2 kΩ
≥
OE input, RESET input
VIL
VIH
ILI
LOW-level input voltage
-0.5
-
+0.3VDDIO
V
HIGH-level input voltage
input leakage current
input capacitance
0.7VDDIO
-
5.5
+1
5
V
-1
-
-
µA
pF
[3]
Ci
3.7
Overtemperature protection
[3]
[3]
Tth(otp) overtemperature protection
rising
130
15
-
-
150
30
°C
°C
threshold temperature
hysteresis
[1] Typical limits at VDD = 3.3 V, Tamb = 25 °C.
[2] VDD must be lowered to 1 V in order to reset part.
[3] Value not tested in production, but guaranteed by design and characterization.
[4] Part-to-part mismatch is calculated:
where ‘ideal output current’ = 31.875 mA (Rext = 2 kΩ, IREFx = FFh).
[5] Channel-to-channel mismatch is calculated:
13 Dynamic characteristics
Table 29.ꢀDynamic characteristics[1]
Symbol
fSCLK
tLOW
tHIGH
tDS
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
SCLK clock frequency
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
MHz
ns
LOW period of the SCLK clock
HIGH period of the SCLK clock
data set-up time
50
50
10
20
10
0
-
ns
-
ns
tDH
data hold time
-
ns
tCSS
chip select asserted to SCLK rise set-up time
SCLK fall to chip select de-asserted hold time
minimum chip select de-asserted HIGH time
-
ns
tCSH
-
ns
tCS_HI
40
-
ns
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Table 29.ꢀDynamic characteristics[1]...continued
Symbol
td(SDO)
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
40
1[2]
Unit
ns
SDO delay time
CL = 50 pF
-
-
-
-
td(LED0)
The latency time between OE pin assertion to
LED channel 0 output on
µs
tOE(disable) OE pin disable (HIGH) period time
tOE(enable) OE pin enable (LOW) period time
250
250
-
-
-
-
ns
ns
[1] All parameters tested at VDD = 3 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = +25 °C. Specifications over temperature are guaranteed by design.
[2] Guaranteed by design.
50%
50%
50%
CS
t
t
t
t
t
CS_HI
LOW HIGH
CSS
CSH
50%
50%
50%
SCLK
t
t
DS
1 / f
DH
SCLK
D13
50%
D14
SDI
D15
D2
D1
D0
D15
t
d(SDO)
D1
SDO
D4
D3
D2
D0
50%
aaa-011895
Figure 18.ꢀDefinition of timing
LED0- 23
OE
t
t
OE(disable)
OE(enable)
aaa-040787
Figure 19.ꢀOE pin timing
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14 Test information
V or V
DD LED
open
V
SS
V
R
100
DD
L
V
V
O
I
PULSE
DUT
GENERATOR
C
50 pF
L
R
T
002aag359
RL = Load resistor for LEDn.
CL = Load capacitance includes jig and probe capacitance.
RT = Termination resistance should be equal to the output impedance Zo of the pulse generators.
Figure 20.ꢀTest circuitry for switching times
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15 Package outline
Figure 21.ꢀPackage outline SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40) (1 of 3)
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Figure 22.ꢀPackage outline SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40) (2 of 3)
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Figure 23.ꢀPackage outline SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40) (3 of 3)
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16 Handling information
All input and output pins are protected against ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) under
normal handling. When handling ensure that the appropriate precautions are taken as
described in JESD625-A or equivalent standards.
17 Soldering of SMD packages
This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account
of soldering ICs can be found in Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow
soldering description”.
17.1 Introduction to soldering
Soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached
to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), to form electrical circuits. The soldered joint provides
both the mechanical and the electrical connection. There is no single soldering method
that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole
and Surface Mount Devices (SMDs) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is
not suitable for fine pitch SMDs. Reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high
densities that come with increased miniaturization.
17.2 Wave and reflow soldering
Wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming
from a standing wave of liquid solder. The wave soldering process is suitable for the
following:
• Through-hole components
• Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board
Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless
packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also,
leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered,
due to an increased probability of bridging.
The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by
component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages,
packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable.
Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are:
• Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias
• Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation
• The moisture sensitivity level of the packages
• Package placement
• Inspection and repair
• Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering
17.3 Wave soldering
Key characteristics in wave soldering are:
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• Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board
transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are
exposed to the wave
• Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities
17.4 Reflow soldering
Key characteristics in reflow soldering are:
• Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads
to higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 24) than a SnPb process, thus
reducing the process window
• Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process
window for a mix of large and small components on one board
• Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board
is heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak
temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder
paste characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the
packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package
depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with
Table 30 and Table 31
Table 30.ꢀSnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020D)
Package thickness (mm)
Package reflow temperature (°C)
Volume (mm³)
< 350
235
≥ 350
< 2.5
≥ 2.5
220
220
220
Table 31.ꢀLead-free process (from J-STD-020D)
Package thickness (mm)
Package reflow temperature (°C)
Volume (mm³)
< 350
260
350 to 2000
> 2000
260
< 1.6
260
250
245
1.6 to 2.5
> 2.5
260
245
250
245
Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all
times.
Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow
soldering, see Figure 24.
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
maximum peak temperature
= MSL limit, damage level
temperature
minimum peak temperature
= minimum soldering temperature
peak
temperature
time
001aac844
MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level
Figure 24.ꢀTemperature profiles for large and small components
For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365
“Surface mount reflow soldering description”.
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18 Soldering: PCB footprints
Figure 25.ꢀPCB footprint for SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40); solder mask opening pattern
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Figure 26.ꢀPCB footprint for SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40); I/O pads and solderable area
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Figure 27.ꢀPCB footprint for SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40); solder paste stencil
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
19 Abbreviations
Table 32.ꢀAbbreviations
Acronym
Description
CDM
DAC
DUT
Charged-Device Model
Digital-to-Analog Converter
Device Under Test
ESD
ElectroStatic Discharge
Field-Effect Transistor
Human Body Model
FET
HBM
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LSB
Least Significant Bit
MCU
MISO
MOSI
MSB
NMOS
PCB
MicroController Unit
Master In, Slave Out
Master Out, Slave In
Most Significant Bit
Negative-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
Printed-Circuit Board
PMOS
PWM
RGB
RGBA
SMBus
SPI
Positive-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
Pulse Width Modulation
Red/Green/Blue
Red/Green/Blue/Amber
System Management Bus
Serial Peripheral Interface
20 Revision history
Table 33.ꢀRevision history
Document ID
PCA9957 v.2.0
Modifications:
Release date
20210225
Data sheet status
Change notice
Supersedes
Product data sheet
-
PCA9957 v.1.0
• Added Vtrip minimum of 1.85 V
• Section 7.2.13 "LED error detection": Corrected "if there is a fault condition in any of the 16
channels" to "if there is a fault condition in any of the 24 channels"
• Section 7.2.9 "OFFSET — LEDn output delay offset register": Updated register description
information for bits 3:0
• Section 13 "Dynamic characteristics": Added OE pin enable/disable min time and chart
PCA9957 v.1.0
20191024
Product data sheet
-
-
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21 Legal information
21.1 Data sheet status
Document status[1][2]
Product status[3]
Definition
Objective [short] data sheet
Development
This document contains data from the objective specification for product
development.
Preliminary [short] data sheet
Product [short] data sheet
Qualification
Production
This document contains data from the preliminary specification.
This document contains the product specification.
[1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design.
[2] The term 'short data sheet' is explained in section "Definitions".
[3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple
devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com.
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
21.2 Definitions
Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected
to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental
damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for
inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or
applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own
risk.
Draft — A draft status on a document indicates that the content is still
under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result
in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of
information included in a draft version of a document and shall have no
liability for the consequences of use of such information.
Short data sheet — A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet
with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is
intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain
detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the
relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP
Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the
short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail.
Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes
no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable
for the specified use without further testing or modification. Customers
are responsible for the design and operation of their applications and
products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors
accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product
design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP
Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications
and products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of
customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate
design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with
their applications and products. NXP Semiconductors does not accept any
liability related to any default, damage, costs or problem which is based
on any weakness or default in the customer’s applications or products, or
the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). Customer is
responsible for doing all necessary testing for the customer’s applications
and products using NXP Semiconductors products in order to avoid a
default of the applications and the products or of the application or use by
customer’s third party customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this
respect.
Product specification — The information and data provided in a Product
data sheet shall define the specification of the product as agreed between
NXP Semiconductors and its customer, unless NXP Semiconductors and
customer have explicitly agreed otherwise in writing. In no event however,
shall an agreement be valid in which the NXP Semiconductors product
is deemed to offer functions and qualities beyond those described in the
Product data sheet.
21.3 Disclaimers
Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed
to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not
give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the
accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability
for the consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors
takes no responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an
information source outside of NXP Semiconductors. In no event shall NXP
Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental, punitive, special or
consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost profits, lost
savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or replacement
of any products or rework charges) whether or not such damages are based
on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of contract or any other
legal theory. Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for
any reason whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative
liability towards customer for the products described herein shall be limited
in accordance with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP
Semiconductors.
Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in
the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) will cause permanent
damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and (proper)
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those
given in the Recommended operating conditions section (if present) or the
Characteristics sections of this document is not warranted. Constant or
repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect
the quality and reliability of the device.
Terms and conditions of commercial sale — NXP Semiconductors
products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial
sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, unless otherwise
agreed in a valid written individual agreement. In case an individual
agreement is concluded only the terms and conditions of the respective
agreement shall apply. NXP Semiconductors hereby expressly objects to
applying the customer’s general terms and conditions with regard to the
purchase of NXP Semiconductors products by customer.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to
make changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
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No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted
or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or
the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights,
patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
such automotive applications, use and specifications, and (b) whenever
customer uses the product for automotive applications beyond NXP
Semiconductors’ specifications such use shall be solely at customer’s own
risk, and (c) customer fully indemnifies NXP Semiconductors for any liability,
damages or failed product claims resulting from customer design and use
of the product for automotive applications beyond NXP Semiconductors’
standard warranty and NXP Semiconductors’ product specifications.
Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein
may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
authorization from competent authorities.
Translations — A non-English (translated) version of a document is for
reference only. The English version shall prevail in case of any discrepancy
between the translated and English versions.
Non-automotive qualified products — Unless this data sheet expressly
states that this specific NXP Semiconductors product is automotive qualified,
the product is not suitable for automotive use. It is neither qualified nor
tested in accordance with automotive testing or application requirements.
NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of non-
automotive qualified products in automotive equipment or applications. In
the event that customer uses the product for design-in and use in automotive
applications to automotive specifications and standards, customer (a) shall
use the product without NXP Semiconductors’ warranty of the product for
21.4 Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Tables
Tab. 1.
Tab. 2.
Tab. 3.
Tab. 4.
Tab. 5.
Ordering information ..........................................3
Ordering options ................................................3
4Bh, 4Fh, 53h, 57h) for each group bit
description ....................................................... 19
Tab. 16. GRAD_MODE_SEL[0:1] - Gradation mode
select register for channel 23 to channel 0
(address 58h, 59h, 5Ah) bit description ...........20
Tab. 17. GRAD_GRP_SEL[0:3] - Gradation group
select register for channel 23 to channel
Pin description ...................................................5
Register summary - default values ....................7
MODE1 - Mode register 1 (address 00h) bit
description ....................................................... 11
MODE2 - Mode register 2 (address 01h) bit
description ....................................................... 11
LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT5 - LED driver output
state registers (address 08h to 0Dh) bit
description ....................................................... 12
GRPPWM - Group brightness control
register (address 0Eh) bit description ..............14
GRPFREQ - Group frequency register
Tab. 6.
Tab. 7.
0 (address 5Bh, 5Ch, 5Dh, 5Eh, 5Fh,
60h, 61h, 62h, 63h, 64h, 65h, 66h) bit
description ....................................................... 20
Tab. 18. GRAD_CNTL[0:1] - Gradation control
register for group 5 to group 0 (address
67h, 68h) bit description ..................................22
Tab. 19. OFFSET - LEDn output delay offset
Tab. 8.
Tab. 9.
(address 0Fh) bit description ...........................14
register (address 69h) bit description ..............25
Tab. 20. PWMALL - brightness control for all
Tab. 10. PWM0 to PWM23 - PWM registers 0 to 23
(address 10h to 27h) bit description ................14
Tab. 11. IREF0 to IREF23 - LED output gain
control registers (address 28h to 3Fh) bit
description ....................................................... 16
Tab. 12. RAMP_RATE_GRP[0:3] - Ramp enable
and rate control registers (address 40h,
44h, 48h, 4Ch, 50h, 54h) for each group bit
description ....................................................... 18
Tab. 13. STEP_TIME_GRP[0:3] - Step time control
registers (address 41h, 45h, 49h, 4Dh, 51h,
55h) for each group bit description ..................18
Tab. 14. HOLD_CNTL_GRP[0:3] - Hold ON and
OFF enable and time control registers
(address 42h, 46h, 4Ah, 4Eh, 52h, 56h) for
each group bit description ...............................19
Tab. 15. IREF_GRP[0:3] - Final and hold ON output
gain setting registers (address 43h, 47h,
LEDn outputs register (address 6Ah) bit
description ....................................................... 26
Tab. 21. IREFALL - Output gain control for all LED
outputs (address 6Bh) bit description ..............27
Tab. 22. EFLAG0 to EFLAG5 - Error flag registers
(address 02h to 07h) bit description ................29
Tab. 23. ERRx bit description ....................................... 30
Tab. 24. Open-circuit detection ..................................... 30
Tab. 25. Short-circuit detection ......................................30
Tab. 26. Limiting values ................................................ 38
Tab. 27. Thermal characteristics ................................... 38
Tab. 28. Static characteristics ....................................... 38
Tab. 29. Dynamic characteristics .................................. 40
Tab. 30. SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020D) ..... 47
Tab. 31. Lead-free process (from J-STD-020D) ............47
Tab. 32. Abbreviations ...................................................52
Tab. 33. Revision history ...............................................52
Figures
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Block diagram of PCA9957 ...............................4
Pin configuration for HVQFN40 .........................5
Register address and data format for each
slave .................................................................. 7
Linear and exponential adjustment curves ...... 12
Gradation timing ..............................................17
Ramp calculation example 1 ...........................23
Ramp calculation example 2 ...........................24
Gradation output waveform in single shot
Fig. 17. Typical application ...........................................36
Fig. 18. Definition of timing .......................................... 41
Fig. 19. OE pin timing .................................................. 41
Fig. 20. Test circuitry for switching times ......................42
Fig. 21. Package outline SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40) (1
of 3) .................................................................43
Fig. 22. Package outline SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40) (2
of 3) .................................................................44
Fig. 23. Package outline SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40) (3
of 3) .................................................................45
Fig. 24. Temperature profiles for large and small
components .....................................................48
Fig. 25. PCB footprint for SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40);
solder mask opening pattern ...........................49
Fig. 26. PCB footprint for SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40);
I/O pads and solderable area ..........................50
Fig. 27. PCB footprint for SOT1369-5 (HVQFN40);
solder paste stencil ......................................... 51
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
or continuous mode ........................................ 25
Maximum ILED versus Rext ............................28
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10. IO(target) versus IREFx value with Rext = 2
kΩ ....................................................................28
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12. System level connection ................................. 33
Fig. 13. Data format ..................................................... 33
Fig. 14. Write access ....................................................34
Fig. 15. Read access ................................................... 35
Fig. 16. Overlapped read and write access ..................35
Brightness + Group Dimming signals ..............32
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24-channel SPI serial bus 32 mA/5.5 V constant current LED driver
Contents
1
2
3
4
4.1
5
6
6.1
6.2
7
7.1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
General description ............................................ 1
7.6
8
Individual brightness control with group
Features and benefits .........................................2
Applications .........................................................3
Ordering information .......................................... 3
Ordering options ................................................ 3
Block diagram ..................................................... 4
Pinning information ............................................ 5
Pinning ...............................................................5
Pin description ...................................................5
Functional description ........................................6
Register address and data ................................ 6
Register definitions ............................................ 7
MODE1 — Mode register 1 .............................11
MODE2 — Mode register 2 .............................11
LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT5, LED driver output
state ................................................................. 12
GRPPWM, group duty cycle control ................ 14
GRPFREQ, group frequency ...........................14
PWM0 to PWM23, individual brightness
control .............................................................. 14
IREF0 to IREF23, LED output current value
registers ........................................................... 15
Gradation control ............................................. 16
RAMP_RATE_GRP0 to RAMP_RATE_
dimming/blinking .............................................. 31
Characteristics of the 4-wire SPI serial-bus
interface ............................................................. 32
SPI-compatible 4-wire serial interface
signals ..............................................................32
Data format ......................................................33
Write access sequence ................................... 34
Read access sequence ................................... 34
Overlapped read and write access
sequence ......................................................... 35
Application design-in information ...................36
Thermal considerations ................................... 36
Limiting values ..................................................38
Thermal characteristics ....................................38
Static characteristics ........................................38
Dynamic characteristics ...................................40
Test information ................................................ 42
Package outline .................................................43
Handling information ........................................46
Soldering of SMD packages .............................46
Introduction to soldering .............................
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
9
9.1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
7.2.4
7.2.5
7.2.6
7.2.7
17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
18
19
20
21
7.2.8
7.2.8.1
Wave and reflow soldering .........................
Wave soldering ...........................................
Reflow soldering .........................................
Soldering: PCB footprints ................................49
Abbreviations .................................................... 52
Revision history ................................................ 52
Legal information ..............................................53
GRP5, ramp rate control registers ...................18
STEP_TIME_GRP0 to STEP_TIME_GRP5,
step time control registers ............................... 18
HOLD_CNTL_GRP0 to HOLD_CNTL_
GRP5, hold ON and OFF control registers ...... 19
IREF_GRP0 to IREF_GRP5, output gain
7.2.8.2
7.2.8.3
7.2.8.4
7.2.8.5
7.2.8.6
control .............................................................. 19
GRAD_MODE_SEL0 to GRAD_MODE_
SEL2, Gradation mode select registers ........... 20
GRAD_GRP_SEL0 to GRAD_GRP_SEL11,
Gradation group select registers ......................20
GRAD_CNTL, Gradation control register .........22
Ramp control — equation and calculation
7.2.8.7
7.2.8.8
example ........................................................... 23
OFFSET — LEDn output delay offset
7.2.9
register .............................................................25
PWMALL — brightness control for all LEDn
outputs ............................................................. 26
IREFALL register: output current value for
all LED outputs ................................................27
LED driver constant current outputs ................ 27
7.2.10
7.2.11
7.2.12
7.2.12.1 Adjusting output current ...................................27
7.2.13 LED error detection ......................................... 28
7.2.13.1 Open-circuit detection principle ....................... 30
7.2.13.2 Short-circuit detection principle ........................30
7.2.14
7.3
7.4
Overtemperature protection .............................31
Active LOW output enable input ......................31
Power-on reset ................................................ 31
Hardware reset recovery ................................. 31
7.5
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section 'Legal information'.
© NXP B.V. 2021.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com
Date of release: 25 February 2021
Document identifier: PCA9957
相关型号:
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