AR0543CSSC25SUD20 [ONSEMI]
CMOS 图像传感器，5 MP，1/4";
| 型号： | AR0543CSSC25SUD20 |
| 厂家： | 
ONSEMI |
| 描述： | CMOS 图像传感器，5 MP，1/4" 传感器 换能器 图像传感器 |
| 文件： | 总74页 (文件大小：1639K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
ON Semiconductor Confidential and Proprietary
‡
AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
1/4-Inch 5 Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
AR0543 Data Sheet, Rev. F
For the latest data sheet, please visit www.onsemi.com
Table 1:
Key Performance Parameters
Features
Parameter
Optical format
Value
1/4-inch (4:3)
• Low dark current
• Simple two-wire serial interface
• Auto black level calibration
3.63mm(H)x2.72(V):4.54mm
diagonal
Active imager size
• Support for external LED or xenon flash
• High frame rate preview mode with arbitrary down-
size scaling from maximum resolution
• Programmable controls: gain, horizontal and vertical
blanking, auto black level offset correction,
frame size/rate, exposure, left–right and top–bottom
image reversal, window size, and panning
• Data interfaces: single/dual lanes serial mobile
industry processor interface (MIPI)
• On-die phase-locked loop (PLL) oscillator
• Bayer pattern down-size scaler
Active pixels
2592H x 1944V
1.4 m x 1.4m
25.0°
Pixel size
Chief ray angle
Color filter array
Shutter type
RGB Bayer pattern
Electronic rolling shutter (ERS)
6–27 MHz
Input clock frequency
Maximum
MIPI
840 Mbps per lane
15 fps
data rate
Full resolution
(2592 x1944)
• Superior low-light performance
19.8 fps(100% FOV, crop to 16:9)
30 fps(77% FOV, crop to 16:9)
1080P
• 4 Kb one-time programmable memory (OTPM) for
storing shading correction coefficients and module
information
• Integrated position and color-based shading
correction
30 fps(98% FOV, crop to 16:9,
bin2)
60 fps(98% FOV, crop to 16:9,
skip2)
Frame rate
720P
• Extended Flash duration that is up to start of frame
readout
60 fps(100% FOV, bin2skip2)
115 fps(100% FOV, skip4)
VGA (640x480)
ADC resolution
Responsivity
Dynamic range
SNRMAX
10-bit, on-die
0.82 V/lux-sec (550nm)
66 dB
Applications
• Cellular phones
• Digital still cameras
• PC cameras
36.5 dB
1.7–1.9 V (1.8 V nominal)
or 2.4–3.1 V (2.8 V nominal)
Digital I/O
• PDAs
Supply
voltage
Digital Core
Analog
1.15-1.25(1.2 V nominal)
2.6–3.1V (2.8 V nominal)
1.7–1.9V (1.8 V nominal)
General Description
The ON Semiconductor AR0543 is a 1/4-inch CMOS
active-pixel digital image sensor with a pixel array of
2592H x 1944V (2608H x 1960V including border pix-
els). It incorporates sophisticated on-chip camera
functions such as windowing, mirroring, column and
row skip modes, and snapshot mode. It is programma-
ble through a simple two-wire serial interface and has
very low power consumption.
Digital 1.8V
Power
Consump-
tion
Full resolution MIPI: 215 mW at 70°C (TYP)
Standby
25W at 70°C (TYP)
Bare die
5.256 x 5.065 mm 45-pin CSP
Package
Operating temperature
–30°C to +70°C (at junction)
AR0543_DS Rev. F Pub. 5/15 EN
1
©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC 2015,
ON Semiconductor Confidential and Proprietary
AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Ordering Information
Ordering Information
Table 2:
Available Part Numbers
Part Number
Product Description
Orderable Product Attribute Description
Chip Tray without Protective Film
AR0543CSSC25SMKA0-CR
5 MP 1/4" CIS HB
AR0543_DS Rev. F Pub. 5/15 EN
2
©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.
ON Semiconductor Confidential and Proprietary
AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Ordering Information
AR0543_DS Rev. F Pub. 5/15 EN
3
©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.
ON Semiconductor Confidential and Proprietary
AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Functional Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Output Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Programming Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Control of the Signal Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Clocking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Sensor Core Digital Data Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Digital Data Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Timing Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Spectral Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Package Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
AR0543_DS Rev. F Pub. 5/15 EN
3
©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.
ON Semiconductor Confidential and Proprietary
AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
List of Figures
List of Figures
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Figure 33:
Figure 34:
Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Typical Configuration: Serial Dual-Lane MIPI Pixel Data Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Spatial Illustration of Image Readout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Single READ from Random Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Single READ from Current Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Sequential READ, Start from Random Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Sequential READ, Start from Current Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Single WRITE to Random Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Sequential WRITE, Start at Random Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
AR0543 System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
AR0543 Profile 1/2 Clocking Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Pixel Readout (No Subsampling). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 3, y_odd_inc = 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 7, y_odd_inc = 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 3, y_odd_inc = 1, x_bin = 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 3, y_odd_inc = 3, xy_bin = 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 7, y_odd_inc = 7, xy_bin = 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Xenon Flash Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
LED Flash Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
100 Percent Color Bars Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Fade-to-Gray Color Bars Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Test Cursor Behavior with image_orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Data Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Power-Up Sequence with Pin-constrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Power-Up Sequence with Pin-unconstrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Power-Down Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Hard Standby with Pin-constrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Hard Standby with Pin-unconstrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Soft Standby and Soft Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Quantum Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Chief Ray Angle (CRA) vs. Image Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Data Clock Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
AR0543_DS Rev. F Pub. 5/15 EN
4
©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.
ON Semiconductor Confidential and Proprietary
AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Key Performance Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Available Part Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Signal Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
CSP (MIPI) Package Pinout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Definitions for Programming Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Programming Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Configuration of the Pixel Data Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
XSHUTDOWN and PLL in System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Signal State During Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Streaming/STANDBY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Row Address Sequencing During Subsampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Column Address Sequencing During Binning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Row Address Sequencing During Binning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Minimum Row Time and Blanking Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Minimum Frame Time and Blanking Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
fine_integration_time Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
fine_correction Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Gain Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Gain Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Test Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Power-Up Signal Timing with Pin-constrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Power-Up Signal Timing with Pin-unconstrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Power-Down Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Hard Standby with Pin-constrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Hard Standby with Pin-unconstrained Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Two-Wire Serial Interface Electrical Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Electrical Characteristics (EXTCLK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
HS Transmitter DC Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
HS Transmitter AC Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
LP Transmitter DC Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
LP Transmitter AC Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
DC Electrical Characteristics (Control Interface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Data-Clock Timing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
DC Electrical Characteristics (Control Interface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
DC Electrical Definitions and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Absolute Maximum Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Table 13:
Table 14:
Table 15:
Table 16:
Table 17:
Table 18:
Table 19:
Table 20:
Table 21:
Table 22:
Table 23:
Table 24:
Table 25:
Table 26:
Table 27:
Table 28:
Table 29:
Table 30:
Table 31:
Table 32:
Table 33:
Table 34:
Table 35:
Table 36:
Table 37:
Table 38:
AR0543_DS Rev. F Pub. 5/15 EN
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
General Description
General Description
Functional Overview
The AR0543 digital image sensor features ON Semiconductor’s breakthrough low-noise
CMOS imaging technology that achieves near-CCD image quality (based on signal-to-
noise ratio and low-light sensitivity) while maintaining the inherent size, cost, and inte-
gration advantages of CMOS.
The AR0543 sensor can generate full resolution image at up to 15 frames per second
(fps). An on-chip analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates a 10-bit value for each
pixel.
The AR0543 is a progressive-scan sensor that generates a stream of pixel data at a
constant frame rate. It uses an on-chip, phase-locked loop (PLL) to generate all internal
clocks from a single master input clock running between 6 and 27 MHz. The maximum
pixel rate is 84 Mp/s, corresponding to a pixel clock rate of 84 MHz. A block diagram of
the sensor is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1:
Block Diagram
Active-Pixel
Sensor (APS)
Array
Sync
Timing Control
Signals
Shading
Correction
Data
Out
Analog Processing
ADC
Scaler
Limiter
FiFo
Two-wire
Serial
Control Registers
Interface
The core of the sensor is a 5Mp active-pixel array. The timing and control circuitry
sequences through the rows of the array, resetting and then reading each row in turn. In
the time interval between resetting a row and reading that row, the pixels in the row inte-
grate incident light. The exposure is controlled by varying the time interval between
reset and readout. Once a row has been read, the data from the columns are sequenced
through an analog signal chain (providing offset correction and gain), and then through
an ADC. The output from the ADC is a 10-bit value for each pixel in the array. The ADC
output passes through a digital processing signal chain (which provides further data
path corrections and applies digital gain).
The pixel array contains optically active and light-shielded (“dark”) pixels. The dark
pixels are used to provide data for on-chip offset-correction algorithms (“black level”
control).
The sensor contains a set of control and status registers that can be used to control many
aspects of the sensor behavior including the frame size, exposure, and gain setting.
These registers can be accessed through a two-wire serial interface.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Functional Overview
The output from the sensor is a Bayer pattern; alternate rows are a sequence of either
green and red pixels or blue and green pixels. The offset and gain stages of the analog
signal chain provide per-color control of the pixel data.
The control registers, timing and control, and digital processing functions shown in
Figure 1 on page 6 are partitioned into three logical parts:
•
•
•
A sensor core that provides array control and data path corrections. The output of the
sensor core is a 10-bit pixel data stream qualified by an output data clock.
A digital shading correction block to compensate for color/brightness shading intro-
duced by the lens or chief ray angle (CRA) curve mismatch.
Additional functionality is provided. This includes a horizontal and vertical image
scaler, a limiter, a data compressor, an output FIFO, and a serializer.
The output FIFO is present to prevent data bursts by keeping the data rate continuous.
Programmable slew rates are also available to reduce the effect of electromagnetic inter-
ference from the output interface.
A flash output signal is provided to allow an external xenon or LED light source to
synchronize with the sensor exposure time.
Pixel Array
Figure 2:
The sensor core uses a Bayer color pattern, as shown in Figure 2. The even-numbered
rows contain green and red pixels; odd-numbered rows contain blue and green pixels.
Even-numbered columns contain green and blue pixels; odd-numbered columns
contain red and green pixels.
Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner)
Column Readout Direction
.
.
Black Pixels
First clear
.
active pixel
(44, 43)
Row
Readout
Direction
Gr
B
R
Gb
R
Gr
B
R
Gb
R
Gr
B
...
Gr
B
Gr
B
Gr
B
Gb
Gb
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Operating Modes
Operating Modes
By default, the AR0543 powers up with the serial pixel data interface enabled. The sensor
can operate in serial MIPI mode. This mode is preconfigured at the factory. In either
case, the sensor has a SMIA-compatible register interface while the two-wire serial
device address is compliant with SMIA or MIPI requirements as appropriate. The reset
level on the TEST pin must be tied in a way that is compatible with the configured serial
interface of the sensor, for instance, TEST = 1 for MIPI.
Typical configurations are shown in Figure 3 on page 8 These operating modes are
described in “Control of the Signal Interface” on page 21.
For low-noise operation, the AR0543 requires separate power supplies for analog and
digital. Incoming digital and analog ground conductors can be tied together next to the
die. Both power supply rails should be decoupled from the ground using capacitors as
close as possible to the die.
Caution ON Semiconductor does not recommend the use of inductance filters on the power supplies
or output signals.
Figure 3:
Typical Configuration: Serial Dual-Lane MIPI Pixel Data Interface
Digital Digital
I/O
1.8V
Analog
power
Digital
core
power power
power
VDD_IO VDD_TX
REG_OUT
REG_IN
REG_FB
VAA_PIX
VDD_PLL
VAA
VDD
Master clock
(6–27 MHz)
EXTCLK
DATA0_P
DATA0_N
DATA1_P
DATA1_N
CLK_P
To
controller
S
DATA
From
controller
S
CLK
CLK_N
RESET_BAR
XSHUTDOWN
TEST
DGND
AGND
Digital
1.8v
power
Digital
core
power
Digital IO
power
Analog
power
1.0μF
0.1μF
Digital
ground
Analog
ground
0.1μF
0.1μF
0.1μF
Notes: 1. All power supplies must be adequately decoupled.
2. ON Semiconductor recommends a resistor value of 1.5k, but a greater value may be used for
slower two-wire speed. This pull-up resistor is not required if the controller drives a valid logic level
on SCLK at all times.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Operating Modes
3. VDD_IO can be either 1.8V(nominal) or 2.8V(nominal). If VDD_IO is 1.8V, VDD_IO can be tied to Digi-
tal 1.8V Power.
4. VAA and VAA_PIX must be tied together.
5. VDD and VDD_PLL must be tied together
6. ON Semiconductor recommends having 0.1F and 1.0F decoupling capacitors for analog power
supply and 0.1F decoupling capacitor for other power supplies. Actual values and results may vary
depending on layout and design considerations.
7. TEST must be tied to VDD_IO for MIPI configuration (Device ID address = 0x6C).
8. VDD _TX and REG_IN must be tied together.
9. Refer to the power-up sequence for XSHUTDOWN and RESET_BAR control.
10. The frequency range for EXTCLK must be 6-27MHz.
11. The GPI[3:0] pins, which can be either statically pulled HIGH/LOW to be used as module IDs, or they
can be programmed to perform special functions (TRIGGER, OE_BAR, SADDR, STANDBY) to be
dynamically controlled, are not shown in Figure 3.
12. The FLASH, which can be used for flash control, is not shown in Figure 3.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Signal Descriptions
Signal Descriptions
Table 1 provides signal descriptions for AR0543 die. For pad location and aperture infor-
mation, refer to the AR0543 die data sheet. The CSP package only supports MIPI signals.
Table 1:
Signal Descriptions
Pad Type Description
Pad Name
EXTCLK
Input
Input
Master clock input, 6–27 MHz.
Asynchronous active LOW reset. When asserted, data output stops and all internal registers are
restored to their factory default settings.
RESET_BAR
Input
Asynchronous active LOW reset. When asserted, data output stops and all internal registers are
restored to their factory default settings. This pin will turn off the digital power domain and is the
lowest power state of the sensor.
XSHUTDOWN
SCLK
Input
Input
Serial clock for access to control and status registers.
General purpose inputs. After reset, these pads are powered-down by default; this means that it is
not necessary to bond to these pads. Any of these pads can be configured to provide hardware
control of the standby, output enable, SADDR select, and shutter trigger functions.
GPI[3:0]
ON Semiconductor recommends that unused GPI pins be tied to DGND, but can also be left floating.
TEST
Input
I/O
Enable manufacturing test modes. Connect to VDD_IO power for the MIPI-configured sensor.
Serial data from reads and writes to control and status registers.
SDATA
REG_OUT
REG_IN
REG_FB
LINE_VALID
FRAME_VALID
DOUT[9:0]
PIXCLK
FLASH
I/O
1.2V on-chip regulator output node.
I/O
On-chip regulator input node. It needs to be connected to external 1.8V.
This pad is receiving the 1.2V feedback from REG_OUT. It needs to be connected to REG_OUT.
I/O
Output LINE_VALID (LV) output. Qualified by PIXCLK.
Output FRAME_VALID (FV) output. Qualified by PIXCLK.
Output Parallel pixel data output. Qualified by PIXCLK.
Output Pixel clock. Used to qualify the LV, FV, and DOUT[9:0] outputs.
Output Flash output. Synchronization pulse for external light source. Can be left floating if not used.
VPP
Supply
Supply
Supply
Supply
Supply
Supply
Supply
Supply
Supply
Power supply used to program one-time programmable (OTP) memory.
Digital PHY power supply. Digital power supply for the serial interface.
Analog power supply.
VDD_TX
VAA
VAA_PIX
AGND
Analog power supply for the pixel array.
Analog ground.
VDD
Digital core power supply.
VDD_IO
DGND
I/O power supply.
Common ground for digital and I/O.
PLL power supply.
VDD_PLL
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Signal Descriptions
Table 2:
CSP (MIPI) Package Pinout
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DGND
DATA1_P
DATA0_P
CLK_P
DGND
RESET_BAR
GPI2
DGND
DGND
NC
DGND
A
B
C
D
E
DGND
VDD
DATA1_N
VDD_TX
REG_IN0
VDD
DATA0_N
CLK_N
EXTCLK
VDD
VDD
VDD_IO
AGND
VAA
REG_OUT
DGND
NC
GPI1
GPI0
AGND
SCLK
DGND
SDATA
VDD_IO
VPP
TEST
AGND
AGND
VAA
F
REG_IN1
REG_IN1
XSHUTDOWN
VAA_PIX
VAA
G
NC = Do not connect. For manufacturing test purpose only.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Output Data Format
Output Data Format
Pixel Data Interface
AR0543 image data is read out in a progressive scan. Valid image data is surrounded by
horizontal blanking and vertical blanking, as shown in Figure 4. The amount of hori-
zontal blanking and vertical blanking is programmable.
Figure 4:
Spatial Illustration of Image Readout
P0,0 P0,1 P0,2.....................................P0,n-1 P0,n
P1,0 P1,1 P1,2.....................................P1,n-1 P1,n
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
HORIZONTAL
BLANKING
VALID IMAGE
Pm-1,0 Pm-1,1.....................................Pm-1,n-1 Pm-1,n 00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
Pm,0 Pm,1.....................................Pm,n-1 Pm,n
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
BLANKING
VERTICAL BLANKING
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
The two-wire serial interface bus enables read/write access to control and status regis-
ters within the AR0543.The interface protocol uses a master/slave model in which a
master controls one or more slave devices. The sensor acts as a slave device. The master
generates a clock (SCLK) that is an input to the sensor and is used to synchronize trans-
fers. Data is transferred between the master and the slave on a bidirectional signal
(SDATA). SDATA is pulled up to VDD_IO off-chip by a 1.5k resistor. Either the slave or
master device can drive SDATA LOW—the interface protocol determines which device is
allowed to drive SDATA at any given time.
The protocols described in the two-wire serial interface specification allow the slave
device to drive SCLK LOW; the AR0543 uses SCLK as an input only and therefore never
drives it LOW.
Protocol
Data transfers on the two-wire serial interface bus are performed by a sequence of low-
level protocol elements:
1. a (repeated) start condition
2. a slave address/data direction byte
3. an (a no) acknowledge bit
4. a message byte
5. a stop condition
The bus is idle when both SCLK and SDATA are HIGH. Control of the bus is initiated with a
start condition, and the bus is released with a stop condition. Only the master can
generate the start and stop conditions.
Start Condition
A start condition is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW transition on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH.
At the end of a transfer, the master can generate a start condition without previously
generating a stop condition; this is known as a “repeated start” or “restart” condition.
Stop Condition
Data Transfer
A stop condition is defined as a LOW-to-HIGH transition on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH.
Data is transferred serially, 8 bits at a time, with the MSB transmitted first. Each byte of
data is followed by an acknowledge bit or a no-acknowledge bit. This data transfer
mechanism is used for the slave address/data direction byte and for message bytes.
One data bit is transferred during each SCLK clock period. SDATA can change when SCLK
is LOW and must be stable while SCLK is HIGH.
Slave Address/Data Direction Byte
Bits [7:1] of this byte represent the device slave address and bit [0] indicates the data
transfer direction. A “0” in bit [0] indicates a WRITE, and a “1” indicates a READ. The
default slave addresses used by the AR0543 for the MIPI configured sensor are 0x6C
(write address) and 0x6D (read address) in accordance with the MIPI specification. Alter-
nate slave addresses of 0x6E(write address) and 0x6F(read address) can be selected by
enabling and asserting the SADDR signal through the GPI pad.
An alternate slave address can also be programmed through R0x31FC.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
Message Byte
Message bytes are used for sending register addresses and register write data to the slave
device and for retrieving register read data.
Acknowledge Bit
Each 8-bit data transfer is followed by an acknowledge bit or a no-acknowledge bit in the
SCLK clock period following the data transfer. The transmitter (which is the master when
writing, or the slave when reading) releases SDATA. The receiver indicates an acknowl-
edge bit by driving SDATA LOW. As for data transfers, SDATA can change when SCLK is
LOW and must be stable while SCLK is HIGH.
No-Acknowledge Bit
The no-acknowledge bit is generated when the receiver does not drive SDATA LOW
during the SCLK clock period following a data transfer. A no-acknowledge bit is used to
terminate a read sequence.
Typical Sequence
A typical READ or WRITE sequence begins by the master generating a start condition on
the bus. After the start condition, the master sends the 8-bit slave address/data direction
byte. The last bit indicates whether the request is for a read or a write, where a “0” indi-
cates a write and a “1” indicates a read. If the address matches the address of the slave
device, the slave device acknowledges receipt of the address by generating an acknowl-
edge bit on the bus.
If the request was a WRITE, the master then transfers the 16-bit register address to which
the WRITE should take place. This transfer takes place as two 8-bit sequences and the
slave sends an acknowledge bit after each sequence to indicate that the byte has been
received. The master then transfers the data as an 8-bit sequence; the slave sends an
acknowledge bit at the end of the sequence. The master stops writing by generating a
(re)start or stop condition.
If the request was a READ, the master sends the 8-bit write slave address/data direction
byte and 16-bit register address, the same way as with a WRITE request. The master then
generates a (re)start condition and the 8-bit read slave address/data direction byte, and
clocks out the register data, eight bits at a time. The master generates an acknowledge
bit after each 8-bit transfer. The slave’s internal register address is automatically incre-
mented after every 8 bits are transferred. The data transfer is stopped when the master
sends a no-acknowledge bit.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
Single READ from Random Location
This sequence (Figure 5 on page 15) starts with a dummy WRITE to the 16-bit address
that is to be used for the READ. The master terminates the WRITE by generating a restart
condition. The master then sends the 8-bit read slave address/data direction byte and
clocks out one byte of register data. The master terminates the READ by generating a no-
acknowledge bit followed by a stop condition. Figure 5 shows how the internal register
address maintained by the AR0543 is loaded and incremented as the sequence proceeds.
Figure 5:
Single READ from Random Location
Previous Reg Address, N
Reg Address, M
M+1
S
Slave Address 0 A Reg Address[15:8]
A
Reg Address[7:0] A Sr Slave Address 1 A
Read Data
A P
S = start condition
P = stop condition
Sr = restart condition
A = acknowledge
slave to master
master to slave
A = no-acknowledge
Single READ from Current Location
This sequence (Figure 6) performs a read using the current value of the AR0543 internal
register address. The master terminates the READ by generating a no-acknowledge bit
followed by a stop condition. The figure shows two independent READ sequences.
Figure 6:
Single READ from Current Location
Previous Reg Address, N
Reg Address, N+1
N+2
S
Slave Address 1 A
Read Data
A P
S
Slave Address 1 A
Read Data
A P
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
Sequential READ, Start from Random Location
This sequence (Figure 7) starts in the same way as the single READ from random loca-
tion (Figure 5). Instead of generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data has
been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge bit and continues to perform
byte READs until “L” bytes have been read.
Figure 7:
Sequential READ, Start from Random Location
Previous Reg Address, N
Reg Address, M
M+1
S
Slave Address
0
Reg Address[15:8]
A
Reg Address[7:0]
Sr Slave Address
Read Data
M+L
1 A
A
A
A
M+1
M+2
M+L-2
M+L-1
M+3
Read Data
Read Data
Read Data
Read Data
A
A
A
A
P
Sequential READ, Start from Current Location
This sequence (Figure 8) starts in the same way as the single READ from current location
(Figure 6 on page 15). Instead of generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of
data has been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge bit and continues to
perform byte READs until “L” bytes have been read.
Figure 8:
Sequential READ, Start from Current Location
Previous Reg Address, N
N+1
N+2
N+L-1
N+L
S
Slave Address 1 A
Read Data
A
Read Data
A
Read Data
A
Read Data
A P
Single WRITE to Random Location
This sequence (Figure 9) begins with the master generating a start condition. The slave
address/data direction byte signals a WRITE and is followed by the HIGH then LOW
bytes of the register address that is to be written. The master follows this with the byte of
write data. The WRITE is terminated by the master generating a stop condition.
Figure 9:
Single WRITE to Random Location
Previous Reg Address, N
Reg Address, M
Write Data
M+1
P
A
A
S
Slave Address
0
Reg Address[15:8]
Reg Address[7:0]
A
A
A
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Registers
Sequential WRITE, Start at Random Location
This sequence (Figure 10) starts in the same way as the single WRITE to random location
(Figure 9). Instead of generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data has
been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge bit and continues to perform
byte WRITEs until “L” bytes have been written. The WRITE is terminated by the master
generating a stop condition.
Figure 10: Sequential WRITE, Start at Random Location
Previous Reg Address, N
Reg Address, M
Write Data
M+1
S
Slave Address
0
Reg Address[15:8]
A
Reg Address[7:0]
A
A
A
A
M+1
M+2
M+L-2
M+L-1
M+3
M+L
P
A
A
Write Data
Write Data
Write Data
Write Data
A
A
Registers
The AR0543 provides a 16-bit register address space accessed through a serial interface
(“Two-Wire Serial Register Interface” on page 13). See the AR0543 Register Reference for
details.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Programming Restrictions
Programming Restrictions
Table 6 shows a list of programming rules that must be adhered to for correct operation
of the AR0543. It is recommended that these rules are encoded into the device driver
stack—either implicitly or explicitly.
Table 1:
Definitions for Programming Rules
Name
Definition
xskip
yskip
xskip = 1 if x_odd_inc = 1; xskip = 2 if x_odd_inc = 3; xskip = 4 if x_odd_inc = 7
yskip = 1 if y_odd_inc = 1; yskip = 2 if y_odd_inc = 3; yskip = 4 if y_odd_inc = 7
Table 2:
Programming Rules
Parameter
Minimum Value
Maximum Value
8
frame_length_lines -
coarse_integration_time_max_margin
coarse_integration_time
fine_integration_time
fine_integration_time_min
digital_gain_min
line_length_pck -
fine_integration_time_max_margin
digital_gain_*
digital_gain_max
digital_gain_* is an integer multiple of
digital_gain_step_size
frame_length_lines
min_frame_length_lines
min_line_length_pck
max_frame_length_lines
max_line_length_pck
((x_addr_end - x_addr_start +
x_odd_inc)/xskip) +
line_length_pck
min_line_blanking_pck
((y_addr_end - y_addr_start +
y_odd_inc)/yskip) +
frame_length_lines
min_frame_blanking_lines
x_addr_start
(must be an even number)
x_addr_min
x_addr_start
must be positive
y_addr_min
x_addr_max
x_addr_max
x_addr_end
(must be an odd number)
(x_addr_end – x_addr_start +
x_odd_inc)
must be positive
y_addr_max
y_addr_start
(must be an even number)
y_addr_end
(must be an odd number)
y_addr_start
must be positive
min_even_inc
min_even_inc
min_odd_inc
min_odd_inc
y_addr_max
(y_addr_end – y_addr_start +
y_odd_inc)
must be positive
max_even_inc
max_even_inc
max_odd_inc
max_odd_inc
x_even_inc
(must be an even number)
y_even_inc
(must be an even number)
x_odd_inc
(must be an odd number)
y_odd_inc
(must be an odd number)
scale_m
scale_n
scaler_m_min
scaler_n_min
scaler_m_max
scaler_n_max
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Programming Restrictions
Table 2:
Programming Rules (continued)
Parameter
Minimum Value
Maximum Value
x_output_size
256
2608
(must be even number – this is
enforced in hardware)
y_output_size
2
frame_length_lines
(must be even number – this is
enforced in hardware)
With subsampling, start and end pixels
must be addressed (impact on x/y
start/end addresses, function of image
orientation bits)
Output Size Restrictions
When the serial pixel data path is in use, there is an additional restriction that x_out-
put_size must be small enough such that the output row time (set by x_output_size, the
framing and CRC overhead of 12 bytes and the output clock rate) must be less than the
row time of the video array (set by line_length_pck and the video timing clock rate).
Effect of Scaler on Legal Range of Output Sizes
When the scaler is enabled, it is necessary to adjust the values of x_output_size and
y_output_size to match the image size generated by the scaler. The AR0543 will operate
incorrectly if the x_output_size and y_output_size are significantly larger than the
output image.
To understand the reason for this, consider the situation where the sensor is operating at
full resolution and the scaler is enabled with a scaling factor of 32 (half the number of
pixels in each direction).
Output Data Timing
The output FIFO acts as a boundary between two clock domains. Data is written to the
FIFO in the VT (video timing) clock domain. Data is read out of the FIFO in the OP
(output) clock domain.
When the scaler is disabled, the data rate in the VT clock domain is constant and
uniform during the active period of each pixel array row readout. When the scaler is
enabled, the data rate in the VT clock domain becomes intermittent, corresponding to
the data reduction performed by the scaler.
A key constraint when configuring the clock for the output FIFO is that the frame rate
out of the FIFO must exactly match the frame rate into the FIFO. When the scaler is
disabled, this constraint can be met by imposing the rule that the row time on the serial
data stream must be greater than or equal to the row time at the pixel array. The row time
on the serial data stream is calculated from the x_output_size and the data_format (8 or
10 bits per pixel), and must include the time taken in the serial data stream for start of
frame/row, end of row/frame and checksum symbols.
Caution If this constraint is not met, the FIFO will either underrun or overrun. FIFO underrun or over-
run is a fatal error condition that is signaled through the data path_status register
(R0x306A).
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Programming Restrictions
Changing Registers while Streaming
The following registers should only be reprogrammed while the sensor is in software
standby:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ccp_channel_identifier
ccp_data_format
ccp_signaling_mode
vt_pix_clk_div
vt_sys_clk_div
pre_pll_clk_div
pll_multiplier
op_pix_clk_div
op_sys_clk_div
scale_m
Programming Restrictions when Using Global Reset
Interactions between the registers that control the global reset imposes some program-
ming restrictions on the way in which they are used; these are discussed in "Analog
Gain" on page 34.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Control of the Signal Interface
Control of the Signal Interface
This section describes the operation of the signal interface in all functional modes.
Serial Register Interface
The serial register interface uses these signals:
•
SCLK
•
•
SDATA
SADDR (through the GPI pad)
SCLK is an input-only signal and must always be driven to a valid logic level for correct
operation; if the driving device can place this signal in High-Z, an external pull-up
resistor should be connected on this signal.
SDATA is a bidirectional signal. An external pull-up resistor should be connected on this
signal.
SADDR is a signal, which can be optionally enabled and controlled by a GPI pad, to select
an alternate slave address. These slave addresses can also be programmed through
R0x31FC.
This interface is described in detail in "Two-Wire Serial Register Interface" on page 51.
The AR0543 sensor can provide the MIPI serial interface.
At power-up and after a hard or soft reset, the reset state of the sensor is to enable serial
interface when available.
The serial pixel data interface uses the following output-only signal pairs:
•
•
•
•
DATA0_P
DATA0_N
CLK_P
CLK_N
The signal pairs are driven differentially using sub-LVDS switching levels. The serial pixel
data interface is enabled by default at power up and after reset.
The DATA0_P, DATA0_N, CLK_P, and CLK_N pads are turned off if the SMIA serial disable
bit is asserted (R0x301A-B[12]=1) or when the sensor is in the soft standby state.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Control of the Signal Interface
MIPI Serial Pixel Data Interface
The serial pixel data interface uses the following output-only signal pairs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
DATA0_P
DATA0_N
DATA1_P
DATA1_N
CLK_P
CLK_N
The signal pairs use both single-ended and differential signaling, in accordance with the
MIPI specification. The serial pixel data interface is enabled by default at power up and
after reset.
The DATA0_P, DATA0_N, DATA1_P, DATA1_N, CLK_P and CLK_N pads are set to the Ultra
Low Power State (ULPS) if the SMIA serial disable bit is asserted (R0x301A-B[12]=1) or
when the sensor is in the hardware standby or soft standby system states.
The ccp_data_format (R0x0112-3) register can be programmed to any of the following
data format settings that are supported:
•
•
•
0x0A0A – Sensor supports RAW10 uncompressed data format. This mode is supported
by discarding all but the upper 10 bits of a pixel value.
0x0808 – Sensor supports RAW8 uncompressed data format. This mode is supported
by discarding all but the upper 8 bits of a pixel value.
0x0A08 – Sensor supports RAW8 data format in which an adaptive compression algo-
rithm is used to perform 10-bit to 8-bit compression on the upper 10 bits of each pixel
value
The serial_format register (R0x31AE) register controls which serial interface is in use
when the serial interface is enabled (reset_register[12] = 0). The following serial formats
are supported:
•
•
0x0201 – Sensor supports single-lane MIPI operation
0x0202 – Sensor supports dual-lane MIPI operation
Configuration of the Pixel Data Interface
Fields in R0x301A are used to configure the operation of the pixel data interface. The
supported combinations are shown in Table 7.
Table 3:
Serializer
Configuration of the Pixel Data Interface
Disable
R0x301
A–B[12]
Parallel
Enable
Standby
End-of-Frame
R0x301A–B[7]
R0x301A–B[4] Description
0
0
1
Power up default.
Serial pixel data interface and its clocks are enabled. Transitions to soft
standby are synchronized to the end of frames on the serial pixel data
interface.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Control of the Signal Interface
System States
The system states of the AR0543 are represented as a state diagram in Figure 11 and
described in subsequent sections. The effect of RESET_BAR on the system state and the
configuration of the PLL in the different states are shown in Table 8 on page 12.
The sensor’s operation is broken down into three separate states: hardware standby,
software standby, and streaming. The transition between these states might take a
certain amount of clock cycles as outlined in Table 8 on page 12.
Figure 1:
AR0543 System States
Power supplies turned off
(asynchronous from any state)
Powered Off
Powered On
POR =1
POR active
(only if POR is on
sensor )
POR =0
RESET_BAR or XSHUTDOWN transition 1-> 0
(asynchronous from any state)
RESET_BAR = 0 or
XSHUTDOWN = 0
Hardware
Standby
2400 EXTCLK
RESET_BAR = 1 or XSHUTDOWN = 1
Cycles
Software reset initiated
(synchronous from any state)
Internal
Initialization
Two-wire Serial
Interface Write:
software_reset = 1
Initialization Timeout
Software
Standby
Two-wire Serial Interface
Write: mode _select = 1
PLL not locked
PLL Lock
Frame in
progress
PLL locked
Wait For Frame
End
Streaming
Two -wire Serial
Interface Write:
mode_select = 0
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Control of the Signal Interface
Table 4:
XSHUTDOWN and PLL in System States
State
XSHUTDOWN
PLL
Powered off
POR active
x
x
0
VCO powered down
Hardware standby
Internal initialization
Software standby
PLL Lock
1
VCO powering up and locking, PLL output bypassed
VCO running, PLL output active
Streaming
Wait for frame end
Power-On Reset Sequence
When power is applied to the AR0543, it enters a low-power hardware standby state. Exit
from this state is controlled by the later of two events:
•
•
The negation of the XSHUTDOWN input.
A timeout of the internal power-on reset circuit.
When XSHUTDOWN is asserted it asynchronously resets the sensor, truncating any
frame that is in progress.
s
When the sensor leaves the hardware standby state it performs an internal initialization
sequence that takes 2400 EXTCLK cycles. After this, it enters a low-power software
standby state. While the initialization sequence is in progress, the AR0543 will not
respond to read transactions on its two-wire serial interface. Therefore, a method to
determine when the initialization sequence has completed is to poll a sensor register; for
example, R0x0000. While the initialization sequence is in progress, the sensor will not
respond to its device address and reads from the sensor will result in a NACK on the two-
wire serial interface bus. When the sequence has completed, reads will return the opera-
tional value for the register (0x4800 if R0x0000 is read).
When the sensor leaves software standby mode and enables the VCO, an internal delay
will keep the PLL disconnected for up to 1ms so that the PLL can lock. The VCO lock time
is 200s (typical), 1ms (maximum).
Soft Reset Sequence
The AR0543 can be reset under software control by writing “1” to software_reset
(R0x0103). A software reset asynchronously resets the sensor, truncating any frame that
is in progress. The sensor starts the internal initialization sequence, while the PLL and
analog blocks are turned off. At this point, the behavior is exactly the same as for the
power-on reset sequence.
Signal State During Reset
Table 9 shows the state of the signal interface during hardware standby (RESET_BAR
asserted) and the default state during software standby (after exit from hardware
standby and before any registers within the sensor have been changed from their default
power-up values).
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Control of the Signal Interface
Table 5:
Signal State During Reset
Pad Name Pad Type
EXTCLK
Hardware Standby
Software Standby
Input
Input
Enabled. Must be driven to a valid logic level.
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR
SCLK
Enabled. Must be driven to a valid logic level.
Input
Enabled. Must be pulled up or driven to a valid logic level.
Enabled as an input. Must be pulled up or driven to a valid logic level.
SDATA
I/O
FLASH
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Input
High-Z.
Logic 0.
DATA0_P
DATA0_N
DATA1_P
DATA1_N
CLK_P
MIPI: Ultra Low-Power State (ULPS), represented
as an LP-00 state on the wire (both wires at 0V).
CLK_N
GPI[3:0]
TEST
Powered down. Can be left disconnected/floating.
Enabled. Must be driven to a logic 1 for a serial MIPI-configured sensor.
Input
General Purpose Inputs
The AR0543 provides four general purpose inputs. After reset, the input pads associated
with these signals are powered down by default, allowing the pads to be left discon-
nected/floating.
The general purpose inputs are enabled by setting reset_register[8] (R0x301A). Once
enabled, all four inputs must be driven to valid logic levels by external signals. The state
of the general purpose inputs can be read through gpi_status[3:0] (R0x3026).
In addition, each of the following functions can be associated with none, one, or more of
the general purpose inputs so that the function can be directly controlled by a hardware
input:
•
Standby functions
•
SADDR selection (see “Serial Register Interface” on page 9)
The gpi_status register is used to associate a function with a general purpose input.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Control of the Signal Interface
Streaming/Standby Control
The AR0543 can be switched between its soft standby and streaming states under pin or
register control, as shown in Table 10. Selection of a pin to use for the STANDBY function
is described in “General Purpose Inputs” on page 13. The state diagram for transitions
between soft standby and streaming states is shown in Figure 11 on page 11.
Table 6:
Streaming/STANDBY
STANDBY
Streaming R0x301A–B[2]
Description
Disabled
0
1
0
1
X
Soft standby
Streaming
Disabled
X
0
1
Soft standby
Streaming
Soft standby
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Clocking
Clocking
The AR0543 contains a PLL for timing generation and control. The PLL contains a pres-
caler to divide the input clock applied on EXTCLK, a VCO to multiply the prescaler
output, and a set of dividers to generate the output clocks.
Both SMIA profile 0 and profile 1/2 clock schemes are supported. Sensor profile level
represents an increasing level of data rate reduction for video applications, for example,
viewfinder in full resolution. The clocking scheme can be selected by setting R0x306E–
F[7] to 0 for profile 0 or to 1 for profile 1/ 2.
Figure 2:
AR0543 Profile 1/2 Clocking Structure
row _speed [ 2: 0]
1 ( 1, 2, 4)
PLL
vt _pix _clk _div
5 ( 4-16)
clk
_ pixel
clk _pixel
vt _ sys _ clk _div
Divider
1 ( 1,2,4,6,8,10 ,12 ,14 ,16 )
PLL internal VCO
frequency
PLL input clock
pll _ ip _ clk _ freq
(4-24 MHz )
vt pix
clk
External input clock
vt_ pix _clk
(384 -840 MHz )
ext _clk _freq _mhz
(6 - 27 MHz)
Divider
vt sys clk
Divider
PLL
Multiplier
( m )
vt_
_clk
sys
Pre PLL
Divider
EXTCLK
op sys clk
Divider
op _sys_clk
op pix
clk
pre _pll _clk _ div pll _multiplier
70
op _ pix _clk
clk _op
op_ sys _ clk _div
1 ( 1,2,4,6,8,10 ,12 ,14 ,16 )
Divider
2 ( 1-64 )
( even values
: 32 -384 )
clk
_op
( 1 must only be used with
even pll _multiplier values )
( odd values : 17 -191 )
Divider
op_ pix _clk _div
10 ( 8,10)
row_speed [ 10: 8]
1 ( 1, 2, 4)
Figure 12 shows the different clocks and the names of the registers that contain or are
used to control their values. Also shown is the default setting for each divider/multipler
control register and the range of legal values for each divider/multiplier control register.
The parameter limit register space contains registers that declare the minimum and
maximum allowable values for:
•
•
The frequency allowable on each clock
The divisors that are used to control each clock
These factors determine what are valid values, or combinations of valid values, for the
divider/multiplier control registers:
•
The minimum/maximum frequency limits for the associated clock must be met
pll_ip_clk_freq must be in the range 4–24 MHz. Higher frequencies are preferred. PLL
internal VCO frequency must be in the range 384–840 MHz.
•
The minimum/maximum value for the divider/multiplier must be met.
Range for m: 17 –384. (In addition odd values between 17–191 and even values
between 32–384 are accepted.) Range for n: 0-63. Range for (n+1): 1–64.
•
•
clk_op must never run faster than the clk_pixel to ensure that the output data stream
is contiguous.
Given the maximum programmed line length, the minimum blanking time, the
maximum image width, the available PLL divisor/multiplier values, and the require-
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Clocking
ment that the output line time (including the necessary blanking) must be output in a
time equal to or less than the time defined by line_length_pck.
Although the PLL VCO input frequency range is advertised as 4–24 MHz, superior perfor-
mance is obtained by keeping the VCO input frequency as high as possible.
The usage of the output clocks is shown below:
•
•
•
clk_pixel (vt_pix_clk / row_speed[2:0]) is used by the sensor core to readout and
control the timing of the pixel array. The sensor core produces one 10-bit pixel each
vt_pix_clk period. The line length (line_length_pck) and fine integration time
(fine_integration_time) are controlled in increments of the vt_pix_clk period.
clk_op (op_pix_clk / row_speed[10:8]) is used to load pixel data from the output FIFO
(see Figure 24 on page 42) to the serializer. The output FIFO generates one pixel each
op_pix_clk period. The pixel is either 8-bit or 10-bit, depending upon the output data
format, controlled by R0x0112–3 (ccpdata_format).
op_sys_clk is used to generate the serial data stream on the output. The relationship
between this clock frequency and the op_pix_clk frequency is dependent upon the
output data format.
In Profile 1/2, the output clock frequencies can be calculated as:
ext_clk_freq_mhz pll_multiplier clk_pixel_divN
pre_pll_clk_div vt_sys_clk_div vt_pix_clk_div row_speed[2:0]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
clk_pix_freq_mhz =
(EQ 1)
(EQ 2)
(EQ 3)
ext_clk_freq_mhz pll_multiplier
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
clk_op_freq_mhz =
pre_pll_clk_div op_sys_clk_div op_pix_clk_div row_speed[10:8]
ext_clk_freq_mhz pll_multiplier
pre_pll_clk_div op_sys_clk_div
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
op_sys_clk_freq_mhz =
Note:
For dual-lane MIPI interface, clk_pixel_divN = 1. For the single-lane MIPI interface,
clk_pixel_divN = 2.
In Profile 0, RAW10 data format is required. As a result, op_pix_clk_div should be set to
10. Also, due to the inherent design of the AR0543 sensor, vt_pix_clk_div should be set to
5 for profile 0 mode.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Clocking
PLL Clocking
The PLL divisors should be programmed while the AR0543 is in the software standby
state. After programming the divisors, it is necessary to wait for the VCO lock time before
enabling the PLL. The PLL is enabled by entering the streaming state.
An external timer will need to delay the entrance of the streaming mode by 1 millisecond
so that the PLL can lock.
The effect of programming the PLL divisors while the AR0543 is in the streaming state is
undefined.
Influence of ccp_data_format
R0x0112–3 (ccp_data_format) controls whether the pixel data interface will generate 10
or 8 bits per pixel.
When the pixel data interface is generating 8 bits per-pixel, op_pix_clk_div must be
programmed with the value 8. When the pixel data interface is generating 10 bits per
pixel, op_pix_clk_div must be programmed with the value 10.
Influence of ccp2_signalling_mode
R0x0111 (ccp2_signalling_mode) controls whether the serial pixel data interface uses
data/strobe signaling or data/clock signaling.
When data/clock signaling is selected, the pll_multiplier supports both odd and even
values.
When data/strobe signaling is selected, the pll_multiplier only supports even values; the
least significant bit of the programmed value is ignored and treated as “0.”
This behavior is a result of the implementation of the CCP serializer and the PLL. When
the serializer is using data and strobe signaling, it uses both edges of the op_sys_clk, and
therefore that clock runs at one half of the bit rate. All of the programmed divisors are set
up to make this behavior invisible. For example, when the divisors are programmed to
generate a PLL output of 640 MHz, the actual PLL output is 320MHz, but both edges are
used.
When the serializer is using data and clock signaling, it uses a single edge on the op_sys-
_clk, and therefore that clock runs at the bit rate.
To disguise this behavior from the programmer, the actual PLL multiplier is right-shifted
by one bit relative to the programmed value when ccp2_signalling_mode selects
data/strobe signaling.
Clock Control
The AR0543 uses an aggressive clock-gating methodology to reduce power consump-
tion. The clocked logic is divided into a number of separate domains, each of which is
only clocked when required.
When the AR0543 enters a low-power state, almost all of the internal clocks are stopped.
The only exception is that a small amount of logic is clocked so that the two-wire serial
interface continues to respond to read and write requests.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Features
Shading Correction (SC)
Lenses tend to produce images whose brightness is significantly attenuated near the
edges. There are also other factors causing fixed pattern signal gradients in images
captured by image sensors. The cumulative result of all these factors is known as image
shading. The AR0543 has an embedded shading correction module that can be
programmed to counter the shading effects on each individual Red, GreenB, GreenR,
and Blue color signal.
The Correction Function
Color-dependent solutions are calibrated using the sensor, lens system and an image of
an evenly illuminated, featureless gray calibration field. From the resulting image,
register values for the color correction function (coefficients) can be derived.
The correction functions can then be applied to each pixel value to equalize the
response across the image as follows:
Pcorrectedrow, col= Psensor(row,col) * f(row,col)
(EQ 4)
where P are the pixel values and f is the color dependent correction functions for each
color channel.
Each function includes a set of color-dependent coefficients defined by registers
R0x3600–3726. The function's origin is the center point of the function used in the calcu-
lation of the coefficients. Using an origin near the central point of symmetry of the
sensor response provides the best results. The center point of the function is determined
by ORIGIN_C (R0x3782) and ORIGIN_R (R0x3784) and can be used to counter an offset
in the system lens from the center of the sensor array.
One-Time Programmable Memory (OTPM)
The AR0543 features 4Kb of one-time programmable memory (OTPM) for storing
shading correction coefficients, individual module ID, and sensor specific information.
It takes 1632 bits to store one set of illumination-dependent shading coefficients. The
OTPM array has a total of 125 accessible row-addresses, with each row having two 20-bit
words per row. In each word, 16 bits are used for data storage, while the remaining 4 bits
are used by the error detection and correction scheme. OTP memory can be accessed
through two-wire serial interface. The AR0543 uses the auto mode for fast OTPM
programming and read operations.
During the programming process, a dedicated high voltage pin (VPP) needs to be
supplied with a 6.5V +3% voltage to perform the anti-fusing operation, and a slew rate of
1 V/s or slower is recommended for VPP supply. Instantaneous VPP cannot exceed 9V at
any time. The completion of the programming process will be communicated by a
register through the two-wire serial interface.
Because this programming pin needs to sustain a higher voltage than other input/
output pins, having a dedicated high voltage pin (VPP) minimizes the design risk. If the
module manufacturing process can probe the sensor at the die or PCB level (that is,
supply all the power rails, clocks, and two-wire serial interface signals), then this dedi-
cated high voltage pin does not need to be assigned to the module connector pinout.
However, if the VPP pin needs to be bonded out as a pin on the module, the trace for VPP
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
needs to carry a maximum of 1mA – for programming only. This pin should be left
floating once the module is integrated to a design. If the VPP pin does not need to be
bonded-out as a pin on the module, it should be left floating inside the module.
The programming of the OTPM requires the sensor to be fully powered and remain in
software standby with its clock input applied. The information will be programmed
through the use of the two-wire serial interface, and once the data is written to an
internal register, the programming host machine will apply a high voltage to the
programming pin, and send a program command to initiate the anti-fusing process.
After the sensor has finished programming the OTPM, a status bit will be set to indicate
the end of the programming cycle, and the host machine can poll the setting of the
status bit through the two-wire serial interface. Only one programming cycle for the 16-
bit word can be performed.
Reading the OTPM data requires the sensor to be fully powered and operational with its
clock input applied. The data can be read through a register from the two-wire serial
interface.
Programming the OTPM
Program the AR0543 OTPM as follows:
1. Apply power to all the power rails of the sensor (VDD_IO, VAA, VAA_PIX, and Digital
1.8V).
– ON Semiconductor recommends setting VAA to 3.1V during the programming pro-
cess. All other supplies must be at their nominal voltage.
– Ensure that the VPP pin is floating during sensor power-up.
2. Provide an EXTCLK clock input (12 MHz is recommended).
3. Set R0x301A = 0x10D8, to put sensor in the soft standby mode.
4. Set R0x3064[9] =1 to bypass PLL.
5. Set R0x3054[8]=1
6. Write data (102 words for one set of LSC coefficients) into the OTPM data registers
(R0x3800–R0x38CA for one set of LSC coefficients).
7. Set OTPM start address register R0x3050[15:8] = 0 to program the array with the first
batch of data.
Note:
When programming the second batch of data, set the start address to 128 (consider-
ing that all the previous 0–127 locations are already written to by the data registers 0–
255), otherwise the start address should be set accordingly.
8. Set R0x3054[9] = 0 to ensure that the error checking and correction is enabled.
9. Set the length register (R0x304C [7:0]) accordingly, depending on the number of OTM
data registers that are filled in (0x66 for 102 words). It may take about 500ms for one
set of LSC (102 words).
10. Set R0x3052 = 0x2504 (OTPM_CONFIG)
11. Ramp up VPP to 6.5V. The recommended slew rate for VPP is 1 V/s or slower.
12. Set the otpm_control_auto_wr_start bit in the otpm_manual_control register
R0x304A[0] = 1, to initiate the auto program sequence. The sensor will now program
the data into the OTPM starting with the location specified by the start address.
13. Poll OTPM_Control_Auto_WR_end (R0x304A [1]) to determine when the sensor is fin-
ished programming the word.
14. Repeat steps 13 and 14.
15. Remove the high voltage (VPP) and float the VPP pin.
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Features
Reading the OTPM
Read the AR0543 OTPM as follows:
1. Perform the proper reset sequence to the sensor by setting R0x0103 = 1.
2. Set OTPM_CONFIG register R0x3052 = 0x2704.
3. Set R0x3054[8] = 1.
4. Program R0x3050[15:8] with the appropriate value to specify the start address (0x0 for
address 0).
5. Program R0x304C [7:0] with the appropriate value to specify the length (number of
data registers to be read back, starting from the specified start address – 0x66 for 102
words).
6. Initiate the auto read sequence by setting the otpm_control_auto_read_start bit
R0x304A[4] = 1.
7. Poll the otpm_control_auto_rd_end bit (R0x304A[5]) to determine when the sensor is
finished reading the word(s).
Data can now be read back from the otpm_data registers (R0x3800–R0x39FE).
8. Verify that the read data from the OTPM_DATA registers are the expected data.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Image Acquisition Mode
The AR0543 supports the electronic rolling shutter (ERS) mode. This is the normal mode
of operation. When the AR0543 is streaming, it generates frames at a fixed rate, and each
frame is integrated (exposed) using the ERS. When the ERS is in use, timing and control
logic within the sensor sequences through the rows of the array, resetting and then
reading each row in turn. In the time interval between resetting a row and subsequently
reading that row, the pixels in the row integrate incident light. The integration (expo-
sure) time is controlled by varying the time between row reset and row readout. For each
row in a frame, the time between row reset and row readout is fixed, leading to a uniform
integration time across the frame. When the integration time is changed (by using the
two-wire serial interface to change register settings), the timing and control logic
controls the transition from old to new integration time in such a way that the stream of
output frames from the AR0543 switches cleanly from the old integration time to the
new while only generating frames with uniform integration. See “Changes to Integration
time” in the AR0543 Register Reference.
Window Control
Pixel Border
The sequencing of the pixel array is controlled by the x_addr_start, y_addr_start, x_ad-
dr_end, and y_addr_end registers. For serial MIPI interfaces, the output image size is
controlled by the x_output_size and y_output_size registers.
The default settings of the sensor provide a 2592H x 1944V image. A border of up to
8 pixels (4 in binning) on each edge can be enabled by reprogramming the x_addr_start,
y_addr_start, x_addr_end, y_addr_end, x_output_size, and y_output_size registers
accordingly.
Readout Modes
Horizontal Mirror
When the horizontal_mirror bit is set in the image_orientation register, the order of pixel
readout within a row is reversed, so that readout starts from x_addr_end and ends at
x_addr_start. hanging horizontal_mirror causes the Bayer order of the output image to
change; the new Bayer order is reflected in the value of the pixel_order register.
Vertical Flip
When the vertical_flip bit is set in the image_orientation register, the order in which
pixel rows are read out is reversed, so that row readout starts from y_addr_end and ends
at y_addr_start.
Subsampling
The AR0543 supports subsampling. Subsampling reduces the amount of data processed
by the analog signal chain in the AR0543 thereby allowing the frame rate to be increased.
Subsampling is enabled by setting x_odd_inc and/or y_odd_inc. Values of 1, 3, and 7 can
be supported. Setting both of these variables to 3 reduces the amount of row and
column data processed and is equivalent to the 2 x 2 skipping readout mode provided by
the AR0543. Setting x_odd_inc = 3 and y_odd_inc = 3 results in a quarter reduction in
output image size.
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Features
A 1/16 reduction in resolution is achieved by setting both x_odd_inc and y_odd_inc to 7.
This is equivalent to 4 x 4 skipping readout mode provided by the AR0543.
The effect of the different subsampling settings on the pixel array readout is shown in
Figure 13 through Figure 15 on page 23.
Figure 3:
Pixel Readout (No Subsampling)
X incrementing
Figure 4:
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 3, y_odd_inc = 3)
X incrementing
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Features
Figure 5:
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 7, y_odd_inc = 7)
X incrementing
Programming Restrictions when Subsampling
When subsampling is enabled as a viewfinder mode and the sensor is switched back and
forth between full resolution and subsampling, ON Semiconductor recommends that
line_length_pck be kept constant between the two modes. This allows the same integra-
tion times to be used in each mode.
When subsampling is enabled, it may be necessary to adjust the x_addr_end, x_ad-
dr_star, y_addr_start, and y_addr_end settings: the values for these registers are required
to correspond with rows/columns that form part of the subsampling sequence. The
adjustment should be made in accordance with these rules:
x_skip_factor = (x_odd_inc + 1) / 2
y_skip_factor = (y_odd_inc + 1) / 2
•
•
•
x_addr_start should be a multiple of x_skip_factor * 4
(x_addr_end - x_addr_start + x_odd_inc) should be a multiple of x_skip_factor * 4
(y_addr_end - y_addr_start + y_odd_inc) should be a multiple of y_skip_factor * 4
The number of columns/rows read out with subsampling can be found from the equa-
tion below:
•
columns/rows = (addr_end - addr_start + odd_inc) / skip_factor
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Features
Example:
The sensor is set up to give out a full resolution 2592 x 1944 image:
[full resolution starting address with (8,8)]
REG = 0x0104, 1
REG = 0x0382, 1
REG = 0x0386, 1
REG = 0x0344, 8
REG = 0x0346, 8
REG = 0x0348, 2599
REG = 0x034A, 1951
REG = 0x034C, 2592
REG = 0x034E, 1944
REG = 0x0104, 0
//GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
//X_ODD_INC
//Y_ODD_INC
//X_ADDR_START
//Y_ADDR_START
//X_ADDR_END
//Y_ADDR_END
//X_OUTPUT_SIZE
//Y_OUTPUT_SIZE
//GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
To halve the resolution in each direction (1296 x 972), the registers need to be repro-
grammed as follows:
[2 x 2 skipping starting address with (8,8)]
REG = 0x0104, 1
REG = 0x0382, 3
REG = 0x0386, 3
REG = 0x0344, 8
REG = 0x0346, 8
REG = 0x0348, 2597
REG = 0x034A, 1949
REG = 0x034C, 1296
REG = 0x034E, 972
REG = 0x0104, 0
//GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
//X_ODD_INC
//Y_ODD_INC
//X_ADDR_START
//Y_ADDR_START
//X_ADDR_END
//Y_ADDR_END
//X_OUTPUT_SIZE
//Y_OUTPUT_SIZE
//GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
To quarter the resolution in each direction (648 x 486), the registers need to be repro-
grammed as follows:
[4 x 4 skipping starting address with (8,8)]
REG = 0x0104, 1
REG = 0x0382, 7
REG = 0x0386, 7
REG = 0x0344, 8
REG = 0x0346, 8
REG = 0x0348, 2593
REG = 0x034A, 1945
REG = 0x034C, 648
REG = 0x034E, 486
REG = 0x0104, 0
//GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
//X_ODD_INC
//Y_ODD_INC
//X_ADDR_START
//Y_ADDR_START
//X_ADDR_END
//Y_ADDR_END
//X_OUTPUT_SIZE
//Y_OUTPUT_SIZE
//GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Table 11 shows the row or column address sequencing for normal and subsampled
readout. In the 2X skip case, there are two possible subsampling sequences (because the
subsampling sequence only reads half of the pixels) depending upon the alignment of
the start address. Similarly, there will be four possible subsampling sequences in the 4X
skip case (though only the first two are shown in Table 11).
Table 7:
Row Address Sequencing During Subsampling
odd_inc = 1—Normal
odd_inc = 3, 2X Skip
start = 0
odd_inc = 7, 4X Skip
start = 0
start = 0
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
4
4
5
5
6
7
8
8
9
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
12
13
Binning
The AR0543 supports 2 x 1 (column binning, also called x-binning) and 2 x 2 analog
binning (row/column binning, also called xy-binning). Binning has many of the same
characteristics as subsampling, but because it gathers image data from all pixels in the
active window (rather than a subset of them), it achieves superior image quality and
avoids the aliasing artifacts that can be a characteristic side effect of subsampling.
Binning is enabled by selecting the appropriate subsampling settings (odd_inc = 3 and
y_odd_inc = 1 for x-binning, x_odd_inc = 3 and y_odd_inc = 3 for xy-binning) and setting
the appropriate binning bit in read_mode (R0x3040–1). As with subsampling, x_ad-
dr_end and y_addr_end may require adjustment when binning is enabled. It is the first
of the two columns/rows binned together that should be the end column/row in
binning, so the requirements to the end address are exactly the same as in non-binning
subsampling mode. The effect of the different subsampling settings is shown in
Figure 16 and Figure 17 on page 26.
Binning can also be enabled when the 4X subsampling mode is enabled (x_odd_inc = 7
and y_odd_inc = 1 for x-binning, x_odd_inc = 7 and y_odd_inc = 7 for xy-binning). In this
mode, however, not all pixels will be used so this is not a 4X binning implementation. An
implementation providing a combination of skip2 and bin2 is used to achieve 4X subsa-
mpling with better image quality. The effect of this subsampling mode is shown in
Figure 18 on page 27.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Figure 6:
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 3, y_odd_inc = 1, x_bin = 1)
X incrementing
Figure 7:
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 3, y_odd_inc = 3, xy_bin = 1)
X incrementing
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Figure 8:
Pixel Readout (x_odd_inc = 7, y_odd_inc = 7, xy_bin = 1)
X incrementing
Binning address sequencing is a bit more complicated than during subsampling only,
because of the implementation of the binning itself.
For a given column n, there is only one other column, n_bin, that can be binned with,
because of physical limitations in the column readout circuitry. The possible address
sequences are shown in Table 12.
Table 8:
Column Address Sequencing During Binning
odd_inc = 1—Normal
odd_inc = 3, 2X Bin
x_addr_start = 0
odd_inc = 7, 2X Skip + 2XBin
x_addr_start = 0
x_addr_start = 0
0
1
0/2
1/3
0/4
1/5
2
3
4
5
4/6
5/7
6
7
8
9
8/10
9/11
8/12
9/13
10
11
12
13
12/14
13/15
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Table 8:
Column Address Sequencing During Binning (continued)
odd_inc = 1—Normal
x_addr_start = 0
odd_inc = 3, 2X Bin
x_addr_start = 0
odd_inc = 7, 2X Skip + 2XBin
x_addr_start = 0
14
15
There are no physical limitations on what can be binned together in the row direction. A
given row n will always be binned with row n+2 in 2X subsampling mode and with row
n+4 in 4X subsampling mode. Therefore, which rows get binned together depends upon
the alignment of y_addr_start. The possible sequences are shown in Table 13.
Table 9:
Row Address Sequencing During Binning
odd_inc = 1—Normal
odd_inc = 3, 2X Bin
x_addr_start = 0
odd_inc = 7, 2X Skip + 2X Bin
x_addr_start = 0
x_addr_start = 0
0
1
0/2
1/3
0/4
1/5
2
3
4
4/6
5/7
5
6
7
8
8/10
9/11
8/12
9/13
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
12/14
13/15
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Programming Restrictions when Binning
Binning requires different sequencing of the pixel array and imposes different timing
limits on the operation of the sensor. In particular, xy-binning requires two read opera-
tions from the pixel array for each line of output data, which has the effect of increasing
the minimum line blanking time. The SMIA specification cannot accommodate this
variation because its parameter limit registers are defined as being static.
As a result, when xy-binning is enabled, some of the programming limits declared in the
parameter limit registers are no longer valid. In addition, the default values for some of
the manufacturer-specific registers need to be reprogrammed. See section "Minimum
Frame Time" on page 31, section "Minimum Row Time" on page 31, and section "Fine
Integration Time Limits" on page 32.
Table 10:
Readout Modes
Readout Modes
x_odd_inc, y_odd_inc
xy_bin
2x skip
2x bin
3
3
7
7
0
1
0
1
4x skip
2x skip + 2x bin
Scaler
Scaling is a “zoom out” operation to reduce the size of the output image while covering
the same extent as the original image. Each scaled output pixel is calculated by taking a
weighted average of a group of input pixels which is composed of neighboring pixels.
The input and output of the scaler is in Bayer format.
When compared to skipping, scaling is advantageous because it uses all pixel values to
calculate the output image which helps avoid aliasing. Also, it is also more convenient
than binning because the scale factor varies smoothly and the user is not limited to
certain ratios of size reduction.
The AR0543 sensor is capable of horizontal scaling and full (horizontal and vertical)
scaling.
(Scale Factor = Scale_n/ scale_m = 16/scale_m)
(EQ 5)
The scaling factor, programmable in 1/16 steps, is used for horizontal and vertical
scalers.
The scale factor is determined by:
•
•
•
n, which is fixed at 16
m, which is adjustable with register R0x0404
Legal values for m are 16 through 256, giving the user the ability to scale from
1:1 (m=16) to 1:16 (m=256).
For example, when horizontal and vertical scaling is enabled for a 1:2 scale factor, an
image is reduced by half in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This results in an
output image that is one-fourth of the original image size. This can be achieved with the
following register settings:
R0x0400 = 0x0002 // horizontal and vertical scaling mode
R0x0402 = 0x0020 // scale factor m = 32
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Frame Rate Control
The formulas for calculating the frame rate of the AR0543 are shown below.
The line length is programmed directly in pixel clock periods through register
line_length_pck. For a specific window size, the minimum line length can be found from
in Equation 6:
x_addr_end - x_addr_start + 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
minimum line_length_pck =
+ min_line_blanking_pck
(EQ 6)
subsampling factor
Note that line_length_pck also needs to meet the minimum line length requirement set
in register min_line_length_pck. The row time can either be limited by the time it takes
to sample and reset the pixel array for each row, or by the time it takes to sample and
read out a row. Values for min_line_blanking_pck are provided in “Minimum Row Time”
on page 31.
The frame length is programmed directly in number of lines in the register
frame_line_length. For a specific window size, the minimum frame length can be found
in Equation 7:
y_addr_end - y_addr_start + 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
minimum frame_length_lines =
+ min_frame_blanking_lines (EQ 7)
subsampling factor
The frame rate can be calculated from these variables and the pixel clock speed as
shown in Equation 8:
6
vt_pixel_clock_mhz x 1 x 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
frame rate =
(EQ 8)
line_length_pck_x frame_length_lines
If coarse_integration_time is set larger than frame_length_lines the frame size will be
expanded to coarse_integration_time + 1.
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Minimum Row Time
The minimum row time and blanking values with default register settings are shown in
Table 15.
Table 11:
Minimum Row Time and Blanking Numbers
No Row Binning
Row Binning
2
row_speed[2:0]
1
2
4
1
4
min_line_blanking_pck
min_line_length_pck
0x044E
0x0590
0x02B6
0x03F8
0x01E8
0x0330
0x073C
0x0940
0x040C
0x0550
0x0274
0x03B8
In addition, enough time must be given to the output FIFO so it can output all data at the
set frequency within one row time.
There are therefore three checks that must all be met when programming
line_length_pck:
•
•
line_length_pck > min_line_length_pck in Table 15.
line_length_pck > (x_addr_end - x_addr_start + x_odd_inc)/((1+x_odd_inc)/2) +
min_line_blanking_pck in Table 15.
•
The row time must allow the FIFO to output all data during each row. That is,
line_length_pck > (x_output_size * 2 + 0x005E) * "vt_pix_clk period" / "op_pix_clk
period"
Minimum Frame Time
The minimum number of rows in the image is 2, so min_frame_length_lines will always
equal (min_frame_blanking_lines + 2).
Table 12:
Minimum Frame Time and Blanking Numbers
No Row Binning
Row Binning
min_frame_blanking_lines
min_frame_length_lines
0x004D
0x005D
0x0049
0x0059
Integration Time
The integration (exposure) time of the AR0543 is controlled by the fine_integration_time
and coarse_integration_time registers.
The limits for the fine integration time are defined by:
fine_integration_time_min < fine_integration_time < (line_length_pck –
fine_integration_time_max_margin)
(EQ 9)
The limits for the coarse integration time are defined by:
coarse_integration_time_min < coarse_integration_time
(EQ 10)
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The actual integration time is given by:
coarse_integration_time*line_length_pck + fine_integration_time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
integration_time =
(EQ 11)
6
vt_pix_clk_freq_mhz*10
It is required that:
coarse_integration_time (frame_length_lines – coarse_integration_time_max_margin)
(EQ 12)
If this limit is broken, the frame time will automatically be extended to coarse_integra-
tion_time + coarse_integration_time_max_margin to accommodate the larger integra-
tion time.
In binning mode, frame_length_lines should be set larger than coarse_integration_time
by at least 3 to avoid column imbalance artifact.
Fine Integration Time Limits
The limits for the fine_integration_time can be found from fine_integration_time_min
and fine_integration_time_max_margin. Values for different mode combinations are
shown in Table 17.
Table 13:
fine_integration_time Limits
No Row Binning
2
Row Binning
2
row_speed[2:0]
1
4
1
4
fine_integration_time_min
fine_integration_time_max_margin
0x02CE
0x0159
0x0178
0x00AD
0x006E
0x00AD
0x0570
0x02B9
0x02C8
0x015D
0x00C2
0x0149
fine_correction
For the fine_integration_time limits, the fine_correction constant will change with the
pixel clock speed and binning mode. It is necessary to change fine_correction (R0x3010)
when binning is enabled or the pixel clock divider (row_speed[2:0]) is used. The corre-
sponding fine_correction values are shown in Table 18.
Table 14:
fine_correction Values
No Row Binning
Row Binning
2
row_speed[2:0]
fine_correction
1
2
4
1
4
0x00A0
0x004A
0x001F
0x0140
0x009A
0x0047
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Features
Flash Timing Control
The AR0543 supports both Xenon and LED flash timing through the FLASH output
signal. The timing of the FLASH signal with the default settings is shown in Figure 19
(Xenon) and Figure 20 (LED). The flash and flash_count registers allow the timing of the
flash to be changed. The flash can be programmed to fire only once, delayed by a few
frames when asserted, and (for xenon flash) the flash duration can be programmed.
Enabling the LED flash will cause one bad frame, where several of the rows only have the
flash on for part of their integration time. This can be avoided either by first enabling
mask bad frames (write reset_register[9] = 1) before the enabling the flash or by forcing a
restart (write reset_register[1] = 1) immediately after enabling the flash; the first bad
frame will then be masked out, as shown in Figure 20 on page 33. Read-only bit flash[14]
is set during frames that are correctly integrated; the state of this bit is shown in
Figures 19 and Figure 20.
Figure 9:
Xenon Flash Enabled
FRAME_VALID
Flash STROBE
State of triggered bit
(R0x3046-7[14])
Figure 10: LED Flash Enabled
FRAME_VALID
Flash STROBE
State of Triggered Bit
(flash[14])
Bad frame
is masked
Flash enabled
during this frame
Bad frame
is masked
Good frame
Good frame Flash disabled
during this frame
Note:
An option to invert the flash output signal through R0x3046[7] is also available.
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Features
Analog Gain
The following sections describe the ON Semiconductor gain model for AR0543 and the
different gain stages and gain control.
Using Per-color or Global Gain Control
The read-only analogue_gain_capability register returns a value of “1,” indicating that
the AR0543 provides per-color gain control. However, the AR0543 also provides the
option of global gain control. Per-color and global gain control can be used interchange-
ably. A write to a global gain register is aliased as a write of the same data to the four
associated color-dependent gain registers. A read from a global gain register is aliased to
a read of the associated greenR gain register.
Table 15:
Gain Registers
Register Bits
Frame
Sync'd
Default
Name
Bad Frame
12382
R0x305E
0x1050
N
N
15:0
global_gain (R/W)
0x0001
15:1
2
digital_gain
Digital Gain. Legal values 1-7.
0x0000
Y
Y
col_gain
This is the column gain
Valid values for bits[11:10] are:
11:1
0
00: 1x
01: 3x
10: 2x
11: 4x
0x0000
asc1_gain
This is the ASC1 gain
Valid values for bits[9:8] are:
00: 1x
01: 1.3x
10: 2x
11: 4x
9:8
0x0000
0x0050
Y
Y
N
Y
7
Reserved
initial_gain
Initial gain = bits [6:0] * 1/32.
6:0
Gain = Column Gain*ASC1 Gain* Initial_gain
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
ON Semiconductor Gain Model
The ON Semiconductor gain model uses these registers to set the analog gain:
•
•
•
•
•
global_gain
green1_gain
red_gain
blue_gain
green2_gain
The AR0543 uses 11 bits analog gain control. The analog gain is given by:
Total gain = Column_gain ASC1_gain Initial_gain
(EQ 13)
<color>_gain[6:0]
-------------------------------------------
= <color>_gain[11:10] <color>_gain[9:8]
32
ASC_gain(<color>_gain[9:8]
)
Valid Values Column_gain(<color>_gain[11:10])
2’b00
2’b01
2’b10
2’b11
1X
3X
2X
4X
1X
1.3X
2X
–
As a result, the step size varies depending upon which range the gain is in. Many of the
possible gain settings can be achieved in different ways. However, the recommended
gain setting is to use the Column_gain as much as possible instead of using ASC1_gain
and Initial_gain for the desired gain setting, which will result lower noise. for the fine
step, the Initial gain should be used with Column_gain and ASC1_gain.
The recommended minimum analog gain for AR0543 is 1.6x(R0x305E = 0x1127).
Table 20 provides the gain usage table that is a guide to program a specific gain value
while optimizing the noise performance from the sensor.
Table 16:
Gain Usage
Total Gain
Column Gain
ASC1 Gain
Initial Gain
1.0 Gain < 1.33
1.33 Gain < 2.0
2.0 Gain < 2.66
2.66 Gain < 3.0
3.0 Gain < 4.0
4.0 Gain < 5.3
5.3 Gain < 8.0
8.0 Gain < 32.0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
4
1
1.33
1
1.0 init < 1.33
1.0 init < 1.50
1.0 init < 1.33
1.0 init < 1.15
1.0 init < 1.33
1.0 init < 1.33
1.0 init < 1.50
1.0 init < 4.0
1.33
1
1
1.33
2
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
Test Patterns
The AR0543 supports a number of test patterns to facilitate system debug. Test patterns
are enabled using test_pattern_mode (R0x0600–1). The test patterns are listed in
Table 21.
Table 17:
Test Patterns
test_pattern_mode
Description
0
1
Normal operation: no test pattern
Solid color
2
100% color bars
3
Fade-to-gray color bars
4
PN9 link integrity pattern (only on sensors with serial interface)
Walking 1s (10-bit)
256
257
Walking 1s (8-bit)
Test patterns 0–3 replace pixel data in the output image (the embedded data rows are
still present). Test pattern 4 replaces all data in the output image (the embedded data
rows are omitted and test pattern data replaces the pixel data).
For all of the test patterns, the AR0543 registers must be set appropriately to control the
frame rate and output timing. This includes:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
All clock divisors
x_addr_start
x_addr_end
y_addr_start
y_addr_end
frame_length_lines
line_length_pck
x_output_size
y_output_size
Effect of Data Path Processing on Test Patterns
Test patterns are introduced early in the pixel data path. As a result, they can be affected
by pixel processing that occurs within the data path. This includes:
•
•
•
Noise cancellation
Black pedestal adjustment
Lens and color shading correction
These effects can be eliminated by the following register settings:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
R0x3044–5[10] = 0
R0x30C0–1[0] = 1
R0x30D4–5[15] = 0
R0x31E0–1[0] = 0
R0x3180–1[15] = 0
R0x301A–B[3] = 0 (enable writes to data pedestal)
R0x301E–F = 0x0000 (set data pedestal to “0”)
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
•
R0x3780[15] = 0 (turn off lens/color shading correction)
Solid Color Test Pattern
In this mode, all pixel data is replaced by fixed Bayer pattern test data. The intensity of
each pixel is set by its associated test data register (test_data_red, test_data_greenR,
test_data_blue, test_data_greenB).
100% Color Bars Test Pattern
In this test pattern, shown in Figure 21 on page 37, all pixel data is replaced by a Bayer
version of an 8-color, color-bar chart (white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue,
black). Each bar is 1/8 of the width of the pixel array (2592/8 = 324 pixels). The pattern
repeats after 8 * 324 = 2592 pixels.
Each color component of each bar is set to either 0 (fully off) or 0x3FF (fully on for 10-bit
data).
The pattern occupies the full height of the output image.
The image size is set by x_addr_start, x_addr_end, y_addr_start, y_addr_end and may be
affected by the setting of x_output_size, y_output_size. The color-bar pattern is discon-
nected from the addressing of the pixel array, and will therefore always start on the first
visible pixel, regardless of the value of x_addr_start. The number of colors that are visible
in the output is dependent upon x_addr_end - x_addr_start and the setting of x_out-
put_size: the width of each color bar is fixed at 324 pixels.
The effect of setting horizontal_mirror in conjunction with this test pattern is that the
order in which the colors are generated is reversed: the black bar appears at the left side
of the output image. Any pattern repeat occurs at the right side of the output image
regardless of the setting of horizontal_mirror. The state of vertical_flip has no effect on
this test pattern.
The effect of subsampling, binning and scaling of this test pattern is undefined. Test
patterns should be analyzed at full resolution only.
Figure 11: 100 Percent Color Bars Test Pattern
Horizontal mirror = 0
Horizontal mirror = 1
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
Fade-to-gray Color Bars Test Pattern
In this test pattern, shown in Figure 22 on page 39, all pixel data is replaced by a Bayer
version of an 8-color, color-bar chart (white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue,
black). Each bar is 1/8 of the width of the pixel array (2592/8 = 324 pixels). The test
pattern repeats after 2592 pixels.
Each color bar fades vertically from zero or full intensity at the top of the image to
50 percent intensity (mid-gray) on the last row of the pattern. Each color bar is divided
into a left and a right half, in which the left half fades smoothly and the right half fades in
quantized steps.
The speed at which each color fades is dependent on the sensor's data width and the
height of the pixel array. We want half of the data range (from 100 or 0 to 50 percent)
difference between the top and bottom of the pattern. Because of the Bayer pattern,
each state must be held for two rows.
The rate-of-fade of the Bayer pattern is set so that there is at least one full pattern within
a full-sized image for the sensor. Factors that affect this are the resolution of the ADC
(10-bit or 12-bit) and the image height.
The image size is set by x_addr_start, x_addr_end, y_addr_start, y_addr_end and may be
affected by the setting of x_output_size, y_output_size. The color-bar pattern starts at
the first column in the image, regardless of the value of x_addr_start. The number of
colors that are visible in the output is dependent upon x_addr_end – x_addr_start and
the setting of x_output_size: the width of each color bar is fixed at 324 pixels.
The effect of setting horizontal_mirror or vertical_flip in conjunction with this test
pattern is that the order in which the colors are generated is reversed: the black bar
appears at the left side of the output image. Any pattern repeat occurs at the right side of
the output image regardless of the setting of horizontal_mirror.
The effect of subsampling, binning, and scaling of this test pattern is undefined. TST
patterns should be analyzed at full resolution only.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
Figure 12: Fade-to-Gray Color Bars Test Pattern
Horizontal mirror = 0, Vertical flip = 0
Horizontal mirror = 1, Vertical flip = 0
Horizontal mirror = 1, Vertical flip = 1
Horizontal mirror = 0, Vertical flip = 1
PN9 Link Integrity Pattern
The PN9 link integrity pattern is intended to allow testing of a serial pixel data interface.
Unlike the other test patterns, the position of this test pattern at the end of the data path
means that it is not affected by other data path corrections (row noise, pixel defect
correction and so on).
This test pattern provides a 512-bit pseudo-random test sequence to test the integrity of
9
5
the serial pixel data output stream. The polynomial x + x + 1 is used. The polynomial is
initialized to 0x1FF at the start of each frame.
When this test pattern is enabled:
•
The embedded data rows are disabled and the value of frame_format_decriptor_1
changes from 0x1002 to 0x1000 to indicate that no rows of embedded data are
present.
•
•
The whole output frame, bounded by the limits programmed in x_output_size and
y_output_size, is filled with data from the PN9 sequence.
The output data format is (effectively) forced into RAW10 mode regardless of the state
of the ccp_data_format register.
Before enabling this test pattern the clock divisors must be configured for RAW10 opera-
tion (op_pix_clk_div = 10).
This polynomial generates this sequence of 10-bit values: 0x1FF, 0x378, 0x1A1, 0x336,
0x385... On the serial pixel data output, these values are streamed out sequentially
without performing the RAW10 packing to bytes that normally occurs on this interface.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
Test Cursors
The AR0543 supports one horizontal and one vertical cursor, allowing a crosshair to be
superimposed on the image or on test patterns 1–3. The position and width of each
cursor are programmable in registers 0x31E8–0x31EE. Both even and odd cursor posi-
tions and widths are supported.
Each cursor can be inhibited by setting its width to 0. The programmed cursor position
corresponds to the x and y addresses of the pixel array. For example, setting horizon-
tal_cursor_position to the same value as y_addr_start would result in a horizontal cursor
being drawn starting on the first row of the image. The cursors are opaque (they replace
data from the imaged scene or test pattern). The color of each cursor is set by the values
of the Bayer components in the test_data_red, test_data_greenR, test_data_blue and
test_data_greenB registers. As a consequence, the cursors are the same color as test
pattern 1 and are therefore invisible when test pattern 1 is selected.
When vertical_cursor_position = 0x0fff, the vertical cursor operates in an automatic
mode in which its position advances every frame. In this mode the cursor starts at the
column associated with x_addr_start = 0 and advances by a step-size of 8 columns each
frame, until it reaches the column associated with x_addr_start = 2584, after which it
wraps (324 steps). The width and color of the cursor in this automatic mode are
controlled in the usual way.
The effect of enabling the test cursors when the image_orientation register is non-zero is
not defined by the design specification. The behavior of the AR0543 is shown in
Figure 23 on page 41 and the test cursors are shown as translucent, for clarity. In prac-
tice, they are opaque (they overlay the imaged scene). The manner in which the test
cursors are affected by the value of image_orientation can be understood from these
implementation details:
•
•
•
The test cursors are inserted last in the data path, the cursor is applied without any
sensor corrections.
The drawing of a cursor starts when the pixel array row or column address is within
the address range of cursor start to cursor start + width.
The cursor is independent of image orientation.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Sensor Core Digital Data Path
Figure 13: Test Cursor Behavior with image_orientation
Horizontal mirror = 0, Vertical flip = 0
Horizontal mirror = 1, Vertical flip = 0
Readout
Direction
Readout
Direction
Vertical cursor start
Vertical cursor start
Horizontal mirror = 1, Vertical flip = 1
Horizontal mirror = 0, Vertical flip = 1
Readout
Readout
Direction
Direction
Vertical cursor start
Vertical cursor start
Digital Gain
Pedestal
Integer digital gains in the range 1–7 can be programmed.
This block adds the value from R0x0008–9 or (data_pedestal_) to the incoming pixel
value.
The data_pedestal register is read-only by default but can be made read/write by
clearing the lock_reg bit in R0x301A–B.
The only way to disable the effect of the pedestal is to set it to 0.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Digital Data Path
Digital Data Path
The digital data path after the sensor core is shown in Figure 24.
Figure 14: Data Path
Embedded
Registers
Data
Serial Pixel
Data Interface
Interface with
sensor_core
Output
Buffer
Limiter
Serial Framers
Compression
Scaler
Includes false synchronization code
removal and PN9 test sequence generation
Embedded Data Format and Control
When the serial pixel data path is selected, the first two rows of the output image contain
register values that are appropriate for the image. The 12-bit format places the data byte
in bits [11:4] and sets bits [3:0] to a constant value of 0101. Some register values are
dynamic and may change from frame to frame. Additional information on the format of
the embedded data can be located in the SMIA specification.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Timing Specifications
Timing Specifications
Power-Up Sequence
Two power-up sequences are recommended for the AR0543 based on the XSHUTDOWN
and RESET_BAR one-pin (pin-constrained mode) or two-pin (pin-unconstrained mode)
control mode.
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR Pin-constrained Mode
1. Turn on VDD_IO power supply.
2. After 0-10ms, Turn on Digital REG_IN (1.8V) power supply.
3. After 0-10ms, enable EXTCLK.
4. After 0-100ms, assert XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR (High).
5. After 1ms - 500ms, turn on VAA/VAA_PIX power supplies.
6. Wait 1ms for internal initialization into soft standby.
7. Configure PLL, output and image settings to desired values.
8. Set mode_select = 1 (R0x0100).
9. Wait 1ms for the PLL to lock before streaming state is reached.
Figure 15: Power-Up Sequence with Pin-constrained Mode
VDD_IO
t
1
Digital REG_IN
(1.8V)
t4
VAA, VAA_P IX
(2.8V)
t
2
E X TC LK
t3
X S H U TD OW N/
R E S E T _B A R
t5
t
6
H ard
R eset
S oft
S tandby
Internal
IN IT
P LL
Lock
S tream ing
Operating S tate
Note:
If the AR0543 two-wire serial interface is also used for communication with other devices, the sta-
tus of SDATA during power-up needs to be considered at the system level due to the sensor's inter-
action during this time (t0 to t3) driving it to the low state; if the AR0543 two-wire serial interface
is used for a dedicated point-point connection to the host, no additional considerations apply.
Table 18:
Power-Up Signal Timing with Pin-constrained Mode
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
10
Unit
ms
ms
ms
ms
VDD_IO to Digital REG_IN 1.8V
Digital REG_IN 1.8V to enable EXTCLK
Enable EXTCLK to hard reset assertion
Hard reset to VAA/VAA_PIX
t1
t2
t3
t4
0
0
0
1
-
-
-
-
10
100
500
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Timing Specifications
Table 18:
Power-Up Signal Timing with Pin-constrained Mode (continued)
Parameter
Symbol
t5
Min
1
Typ
Max
Unit
ms
Internal initialization
PLL lock time
-
-
-
-
t6
1
ms
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR Pin-unconstrained Mode
1. Turn on VDD_IO power supply.
2. After 0-10ms, turn on Digital REG_IN power supply.
3. After 1-500ms, turn on VAA/VAA_PIX power supplies and enable EXTCLK.
4. After 1ms, assert XSHUTDOWN (High).
5. After 1ms, assert RESET_BAR (High).
6. Wait 1ms for internal initialization into soft standby.
7. Configure PLL, output and image settings to desired values.
8. Set mode_select = 1 (R0x0100).
9. Wait 1ms for the PLL to lock before streaming state is reached.
Figure 16: Power-Up Sequence with Pin-unconstrained Mode
VDD_IO
t1
Digital REG_IN
(1.8V)
t2
VAA, VAA_PIX
(2.8V)
EXTCLK
t3
XSHUTDOWN
RESET_BAR
t4
t5
t6
Hard
Reset
Soft
Standby
Internal
INIT
PLL
Lock
Streaming
Operating State
Note:
If the AR0543 two-wire serial interface is also used for communication with other devices, the sta-
tus of SDATA during power-up needs to be considered at the system level due to the sensor's inter-
action during this time (t0 to t3) driving it to the low state; if the AR0543 two-wire serial interface
is used for a dedicated point-point connection to the host, no additional considerations apply.
Table 19:
Power-Up Signal Timing with Pin-unconstrained Mode
Parameter
Symbol
Min
0
Typ
Max
10
Unit
ms
VDD_IO to Digital REG_IN 1.8V
Digital REG_IN (1.8V) to VAA, VAA_PIX (2.8V)
Running EXTCLK to XSHUTDOWN assertion
t1
t2
t3
-
-
-
1
500
-
ms
1
ms
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Timing Specifications
Table 19:
Power-Up Signal Timing with Pin-unconstrained Mode
Parameter
Symbol
Min
1
Typ
Max
Unit
ms
XSHUTDOWN high to RESET_BAR assertion
Internal initialization
PLL lock time
t4
t5
t6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ms
1
ms
Power-Down Sequence
The recommended power-down sequence for the AR0543 is shown in Figure 27. The
available power supplies—VDD_IO, Digital 1.8V, VAA, VAA_PIX—can be turned off at the
same time or have the separation specified below.
1. Disable streaming if output is active by setting mode_select = 0 (R0x0100).
2. The soft standby state is reached after the current row or frame, depending on config-
uration, has ended.
3. Assert hard reset by setting XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR to a logic “0.”
4. Turn off the VAA/VAA_PIX power supplies.
5. After 0–500ms, turn off Digital 1.8V power supply.
6. After 0–500ms, turn off VDD_IO power supply.
Figure 17: Power-Down Sequence
t
3
VDD_IO
t
2
Digital 1.8V
V
AA, VAA_PIX
EXTCLK
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR
t
1
Software
Standby
Hard Reset
Not to scale
Turning Off Power Supplies
Streaming
Table 20:
Power-Down Sequence
Definition
Symbol
Min
Typ
–
Max
500
500
Unit
ms
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR to VAA/VAA_PIX
VAA/VAA_PIX to Digital 1.8V time
t1
t2
0
0
–
ms
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Timing Specifications
Table 20:
Power-Down Sequence
Definition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital 1.8V time to VDD_IO
t3
0
–
500
ms
Hard Standby
The hard standby state is reached by the assertion of the XSHUTDOWN pad. There are
two hard standby entering and exiting sequences for the AR0543 based on the XSHUT-
DOWN and RESET_BAR one-pin (pin-constrained mode) or two-pin (pin-uncon-
strained mode) control mode. Register values are not retained by this action, and will be
returned to their default values once the sensor enters the hard standby state. The
details of the sequence of the sequence for entering hard standby and exiting from hard
standby are described below and shown in Figure 40 and 41.
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR Pin-constrained Mode
< Entering Hard Standby >
1. Disable streaming if output is active by setting mode_select = 0 (R0x0100).
2. The soft standby state is reached after the current row or frame, depending on config-
uration, has ended.
3. De-assert XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR (Low) to enter the hard standby.
4. The sensor remains in hard standby state if XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR remains in
the logic “0” state.
< Exiting Hard Standby >
1. Turn off VAA/VAA_PIX power-supplies and enable EXTCLK if it was disabled.
2. After 1ms, assert XSHUTDOWN/RESET/BAR (High).
3. After 1ms, turn on VAA/VAA_PIX power-supplies.
4. Follow the pin-constrained power-up sequence from step6 to 9 for output streaming.
Figure 18: Hard Standby with Pin-constrained Mode
EXTCLK
Mode_select
R0x0100
Logic “0”
Logic “1”
Logic “1”
t2
XSHUTDOWN/
RESET_BAR
t1
t3
VAA, VAA_PIX
(2.8V)
Soft
Standby
Hard
Standby
Internal
INIT
Soft
Standby
Hard
Reset
PLL
Lock
Streaming
Streaming
Operating State
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Timing Specifications
Table 21:
Parameter
Hard Standby with Pin-constrained Mode
Symbol
Min
1
Typ
Max
Unit
ms
Enter soft standby to XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR de-assertion
Turn off VAA/VAA_PIX to XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR assertion
XSHUTDOWN assertion to turn on VAA/VAA_PIX supplies
t1
t2
t3
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
ms
1
ms
XSHUTDOWN/RESET_BAR Pin-unconstrained Mode
< Entering Hard Standby >
1. Disable streaming if output is active by setting mode_select = 0 (R0x0100).
2. The soft standby state is reached after the current row or frame, depending on config-
uration, has ended.
3. De-assert XSHUTDOWN (Low) to enter the hard standby.
4. The sensor remains in hard standby state if XSHUTDOWN remains in the logic “0”
state.
< Exiting Hard Standby >
1. De-assert RESET_BAR (Low) and enable EXTCLK if it was disabled.
2. After 1ms, assert XSHUTDOWN (High).
3. After 1ms, assert RESET_BAR (High).
4. Follow the pin-unconstrained power-up sequence from step6 to 9 for output stream-
ing.
Figure 19: Hard Standby with Pin-unconstrained Mode
EXTCLK
Mode_select
R0x0100
Logic “0”
Logic “1”
Logic “1”
t2
XSHUTDOWN
RESET_BAR
t1
t3
Soft
Standby
Hard
Standby
Internal
INIT
Soft
Standby
Hard
Reset
PLL
Lock
Streaming
Streaming
Operating State
Table 22:
Parameter
Hard Standby with Pin-unconstrained Mode
Symbol
Min
1
Typ
Max
Unit
ms
Enter soft standby to XSHUTDOWN de-assertion
RESET_BAR de-assertion to XSHUTDOWN assertion
XSHUTDOWN assertion to RESET_BAR assertion
t1
t2
t3
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
ms
1
ms
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Timing Specifications
Soft Standby and Soft Reset
The AR0543 can reduce power consumption by switching to the soft standby state when
the output is not needed. Register values are retained in the soft standby state. Once this
state is reached, soft reset can be enabled optionally to return all register values to the
default. The details of the sequence are described below and shown in Figure 30.
Soft Standby
Soft Reset
1. Disable streaming if output is active by setting mode_select = 0 (R0x0100).
2. The soft standby state is reached after the current row or frame, depending on config-
uration, has ended.
1. Follow the soft standby sequence list above.
2. Set software_reset = 1 (R0x0103) to start the internal initialization sequence.
3. After 2400 EXTCLKs, the internal initialization sequence is completed and the current
state returns to soft standby automatically. All registers, including software_reset,
return to their default values.
Figure 20: Soft Standby and Soft Reset
EXTCLK
next row/frame
mode_select
R0x0100
Logic “1”
Logic “0”
software_reset
R0x0103
Logic “0”
Logic “1”
Logic “0”
2400 EXTCLKs
Streaming
Soft Standby
Soft Reset
Soft Standby
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Spectral Characteristics
Spectral Characteristics
Figure 21: Quantum Efficiency
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
red
green
blu e
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
Wavelength (nm )
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Spectral Characteristics
Figure 22: Chief Ray Angle (CRA) vs. Image Height
Image Height
CRA
CRA vs. Image Height Plot
(%)
(mm)
(deg)
0
5
0
0
30
0.113
0.227
0.340
0.454
0.567
0.680
0.794
0.907
1.021
1.134
1.247
1.361
1.474
1.588
1.701
1.814
1.928
2.041
2.155
2.268
2.19
28
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
4.33
26
6.43
8.50
24
10.55
12.57
14.52
16.39
18.15
19.76
21.20
22.43
23.44
24.21
24.74
25.03
25.11
25.01
24.80
24.55
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0
Image Height (%)
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
The electrical characteristics of the two-wire serial register interface (SCLK, SDATA) are
shown in Figure 33 and Table 27, “Two-Wire Serial Interface Electrical Characteristics,”
on page 51. The SCLK and SDATA signals feature fail-safe input protection, Schmitt trigger
input, and suppression of input pulses of less than 50ns.
Figure 23: Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing Parameters
tF
tR
tSDV
tACV
//
//
//
70%
30%
70%
30%
70%
70%
SDATA
30%
30%
70%
SCLK
30% 30%
30%
S
tSRTH
1st Clock
tSDS
tSDH
9th Clock
tHIGH
tBUF
//
//
//
70%
70%
30%
70%
SDATA
SCLK
70%
70%
70%
70%
30%
30%
Sr
P
S
tSRTS
tLOW
9th Clock
tSTPS
Note:
Read sequence: For an 8-bit READ, read waveforms start after the WRITE command and
register addresses are issued.
Table 23:
Two-Wire Serial Interface Electrical Characteristics
fEXTCLK = 24 MHz; REG_IN= 1.8V; VDD_TX = 1.8V; VDD_IO = 1.8V; VAA = 2.8V; VAA_PIX = 2.8V;
Output load = 68.5pF; TJ = 70°C
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
MIN
TYP
MAX
Unit
VIL
IIL
Input LOW voltage
0.85
10
0.898
0.96
14
V
Input leakage current
No pull up resistor;
A
VIN = VDD_IO or DGND
VOL
IOL
Output LOW voltage
Output LOW current
Input pad capacitance
Load capacitance
At specified 2mA
0
0.054
0.58
6
V
mA
pf
At specified VOL 0.1V
CIN
6
CLOAD
N/A
pf
Table 24:
Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Specification
Symbol
Parameter
MIN
MAX
400
Unit
fSCLK
tHIGH
tLOW
tSRTS
SCLK frequency
SCLK high period
SCLK low period
Start setup time
0
KHz
s
s
0.6
1.3
0.6
s
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Table 24:
Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Specification (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
MIN
MAX
Unit
tSRTH
tSDS
tSDH
tSDV
tACV
tSTPS
tBUF
tR
Start hold time
Data setup time
0.6
100
0
s
ns
s
s
s
s
s
ns
ns
Data hold time
Note
0.9
Data valid time
Data valid acknowledge time
Stop setup time
0.9
0.6
1.3
Bus free time between STOP and START
SCLK and SDATA rise time
SCLK and SDATA fall tim
300
300
tF
Note:
Maximum tSDH could be 0.9s, but must be less than maximum of tSDV and tACV by a transition
time.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
EXTCLK
The electrical characteristics of the EXTCLK input are shown in Table 29. The EXTCLK
input supports an AC-coupled sine-wave input clock or a DC-coupled square-wave
input clock.
If EXTCLK is AC-coupled to the AR0543 and the clock is stopped, the EXTCLK input to
the AR0543 must be driven to ground or to VDD_IO. Failure to do this will result in exces-
sive current consumption within the EXTCLK input receiver.
Table 25:
Electrical Characteristics (EXTCLK)
fEXTCLK = 24 MHz; fPIXCLK = 84MHZ; REG_IN = 1.8V; VDD_TX = 1.8V; VDD_IO = 1.8V; VAA = 2.8V; VAA_PIX = 2.8V;
Output load = 68.5pF; TJ = 70°C
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
PLL enabled
PLL enabled
Min
6
Typ
Max
27
Unit
MHz
ns
fEXTCLK1
tEXTCLK1
tR
Input clock frequency
Input clock period
37
167
8*
Input clock rise slew rate
Input clock fall slew rate
2.9
2.7
ns
tF
8*
ns
VIN_AC
Input clock minimum voltage swing
(AC coupled)
0.5
Vpp
VIN_DC
Input clock maximum voltage swing
(DC coupled)
2.3
12
27
V
fCLKMAX(AC)
fCLKMAX(DC)
Input clock signaling frequency
(low amplitude)
VIN =
VIN_AC (MIN)
MHz
MHz
Input clock signaling frequency
(full amplitude)
VIN = VDD_IO
Clock duty cycle
35
50
65
600
1
%
ps
ms
pF
A
V
tJITTER
tLOCK
CIN
Input clock jitter
cycle-to-cycle
PLL VCO lock time
0.2
3
Input pad capacitance
Input HIGH leakage current
Input HIGH voltage
Input LOW voltage
IIH
1.36
1.26
-0.5
1.89
3
VIH
2.3
0.5
VIL
V
*Assuming 12 MHz input clock.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Serial Pixel Data Interface
The electrical characteristics of the serial pixel data interface (CLK_P, CLK_N,DATA0_P,
DATA1_P, DATA0_N, and DATA1_N) are shown in Table 30 and Table 31.
To operate the serial pixel data interface within the electrical limits of the CSI-2 specifi-
cation, VDD_IO (I/O digital voltage) is restricted to operate in the range 1.7–1.9V. All MIPI
specifications are with sensor operation using on-chip internal regulator.
Table 26:
HS Transmitter DC Specifications
Symbol
VCMTX
Parameter
Min
Nom
Max
250
5
Unit
mV
mV
Notes
HS transmit static common-mode voltage
150
200
1
2
VCMTX(1,0)
VCMTX mismatch when output is Differential-1
or Differential-0
VOD
VOD
HS transmit differential voltage
140
40
200
50
270
10
mV
mV
1
2
VOD mismatch when output is Differential-1
or Differential-0
VOHHS
ZOS
HS output high voltage
360
62.5
20
mV
Single ended output impedance
Single ended output impedance mismatch
|ΔZOS|
%
Notes: 1. Value when driving into load impedance anywhere in the ZID range.
2. It is recommended that the implementer minimize VOD and VCMTX(1,0)in order to minimize radi-
ation and optimize signal integrity.
Table 27:
HS Transmitter AC Specifications
Symbol
VCMTX(HF)
VCMTX(LF)
Parameter
Min
Nom
Max
15
Unit
Notes
HS transmit static common-mode voltage
mVRMS
mVPEAK
VCMTX mismatch when output is Differential-1
or Differential-0
25
tR and tF
0.3
UI
ps
2
20%-80% rise time and fall time
150
Notes: 1. UI is equal to 1/(2*fh).
2. Excess capacitance not to exceed 4pF on each pin.
Table 28:
LP Transmitter DC Specifications
Symbol
VOH
Parameter
Min
1.1
Nom
Max
1.3
50
Unit
V
Notes
HS transmit static common-mode voltage
1.2
VOL
VCMTX mismatch when output is Differential-1
or Differential-0
-50
mV
ZOLP
20%-80% rise time and fall time
110
1
Notes: 1. Though no maximum value for ZOLP is specified, the LP transmitter output impedance shall ensure
the TRLP/TFLP is met.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Table 29:
LP Transmitter AC Specifications
Parameter
Description
Min
Max
25
Unit
ns
Notes
1
TRLP/TFLP
TREOT
15%-80% rise time and fall time
30%-85% rise time and fall time
35
ns
1,5,6
1,3,7,8
V/tSR
Slew rate @ CLOAD = 70pF
(Falling edge only)
150
mV/ns
Slew rate @ CLOAD = 70pF
(Rising edge only)
mV/ns
1,2,3
Notes: 1. CLOAD includes the low-frequency equivalent transmission line capacitance. The capacitance of TX
and RX are assumed to always be <10pF. The disturbed line capacitance can up to 50pF for a trans-
mission line with 2ns delay.
2. When the ouput voltage is between 400mV and 930mV.
3. Measured as average across any 50 V segment of the output signal transition.
4. This parameter value can be lower than TLPX due to differences in the rise vs. fall signal slopes and
trip levels and mismatches between Dp and Dn transmitters. ANY LP transmitters. Any LP exclusive-
OR pulse observed during HS EoT (transition from HS level to LP-1) is glitch behavior.
5. The rise time of TREOT starts from the HS common-Level at the moment the differential amplitude
drops below 70mV, due to stopping the differential drive.
6. With an additional load capacitance CCM between 0 and 60 pF on the termination center tap at RX
side of the Lane.
7. This value represents a corner point in a piecewise linear curve.
8. When the output voltage is in the range specified by VPIN(absmax)
9. When the output voltage is between 400mV and700mV
10. When VOINST is the instantaneous output voltage, VDP or VDN in millivolts.
11. When the output voltage is between 700 mV and9 30 mV
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
High Speed Clock Timing
Table 30:
Clock Parameter
UI instantaneous
DC Electrical Characteristics (Control Interface)
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Units Notes
ns 1,2
UIINST
12.5
Notes: 1. This value corresponds to a minimum 80Mbps data rate.
2. The minimum UI shall not be violated for any single bit period, for example any DDR half cycle
within a data burst.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Data Clock Timing Specification
Figure 24: Data Clock Timing
Table 31:
Data-Clock Timing Specifications
Clock Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Data to Clock Skew (measured at transmitter)
TSKEW[TX]
-0.15
0.15
UIINST
Note:
Total silicon and package delay of 0.3*UIINST.
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Control Interfaces
The electrical characteristics of the control interface (RESET_BAR, TEST, GPI0, GPI1,
GPI2, and GPI3) are shown in Table 36.
Table 32:
DC Electrical Characteristics (Control Interface)
fEXTCLK = 24 MHz; REG_IN = 1.8V; VDD_TX = 1.8V; VDD_IO = 1.8V; VAA = 2.8V; VAA_PIX = 2.8V;
Output load = 68.5pF; TJ = 70°C
Symbol
VIH
Parameter
Condition
Min
1.26
-0.5
Typ
Max
2.3
0.5
10
Unit
V
Input HIGH voltage
Input LOW voltage
VIL
V
IIN
No pull-up resistor;
VIN = VDD_IO or DGND
A
Input leakage current
Input pad capacitance
CIN
3
pF
Operating Voltages
VAA and VAA_PIX must be at the same potential for correct operation of the AR0543.
Table 33:
DC Electrical Definitions and Characteristics
fEXTCLK = 24 MHz; REG_IN = 1.8V; VDD_TX = 1.8V; VDD_IO = 1.8V; VAA = 2.8V; VAA_PIX = 2.8V;
Output Load = 68.5pF; Using Internal Regulator;TJ = 70°C
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
REG_IN
VDD_TX
VDD_IO
1.8V supply voltage
PHY digital voltage
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
3.1
3.1
3.1
44
V
V
Pixel data interface
1.7
1.8
I/O digital voltage
2.4
2.8
V
VAA
Analog voltage
2.6
2.8
V
VAA_PIX
Pixel supply voltage
2.6
2.8
V
I_REGIN/TX 1.8V digital current
IDD_IO I/O digital current
Streaming, full resolution
MIPI 15 FPS
24
26.5
0.04
60
mA
0.007
45
0.08
85
IAA/IAA_PIX Analog current
I_REGIN/TX 1.8V digital current
Streaming, 1296x972
(xy_bin) resolution
MIPI 30 FPS
15
18.5
0.03
65
30
mA
IDD_IO
IAA/IAA_PIX Analog current
Hard Standby (Clock on at 24 MHz)
I/O digital current
0.007
50
0.08
85
STANDBY current when
asserting XSHUTDOWN signal
Analog Current
0.3
1.5
1
2
4
6
A
A
Digital current
Hard Standby (Clock off)
Analog Current
0.3
1.5
1
2
4
6
A
A
Digital current
Soft Standby (Clock on at 24 MHz)
Analog Current
STANDBY current when
asserting R0x100 = 1
15
4
41
90
A
Digital current
4.8
7.5
mA
Soft Standby(Clock off)
Analog Current
15
41
90
7
A
Digital current
3.5
4.2
mA
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Electrical Characteristics
Note:
Digital Current includes REG_IN, as the regulator is still operating in soft standby mode.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Caution Stresses greater than those listed in Table 38 may cause permanent damage to the device.
Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect reliabil-
ity. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other
conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not
implied.
Table 34:
Absolute Maximum Values
Symbol
Parameter
MIN
MAX
Unit
VDD1V8(REG_IN)
VDD_TX
VDD_IO
1.8V digital voltage
PHY digital voltage
I/O digital voltage
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-30
2.1
2.1
3.5
3.5
3.5
70
V
V
V
VAA
Analog supply voltage
Pixel supply voltage
V
VAA_PIX
T_OP
V
Operating temperature measured at
junction
°C
T_STG
Storage temperature
-40
85
°C
SMIA and MIPI Specification Reference
The sensor design and this documentation is based on the following reference docu-
ments:
•
SMIA Specifications:
– SMIA 1.0 Part 1: Functional Specification (Version 1.0 dated 30 June 2004)
SMIA 1.0 Part 1: Functional Specification ECR0001 (Version 1.0 dated 11 Feb 2005)
•
MIPI Specifications:
– MIPI Alliance Standard for CSI-2 version 1.0
– MIPI Alliance Specification for D-PHY Version 1.00.00- 14 May 2009
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Package Diagram
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AR0543: 1/4-Inch 5Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Revision History
Revision History
Rev. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5/29/15
•
•
Converted to ON Semiconductor template
Updated “Ordering Information” on page 2
Rev. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/15/14
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Updated Table 1, “Key Performance Parameters,” on page 1
Updated Table 2, “Available Part Numbers,” on page 2
Updated “Signal Descriptions” on page 10, including Table 1, Signal Descriptions
Added Table 2, “CSP (MIPI) Package Pinout,” on page 11
Updated Figure 31: “Quantum Efficiency,” on page 49
Updated Table 29, “Electrical Characteristics (EXTCLK),” on page 53
Added “Package Diagram” on page 60
Rev. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6/24/13
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Updated “Features” on page 1
Updated Table 2, “Available Part Numbers,” on page 2
Updated OTPM size from 2Kb to 4KB
“Functional Overview” on page 6
Updated GPI description in Table 1, “Signal Descriptions,” on page 10
Updated “General Purpose Inputs” on page 13
Updated size of OTPM array in “One-Time Programmable Memory (OTPM)” on
page 18
•
Added “Shading Correction (SC)” on page 18
Rev. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9/24/12
Updated “Ordering Information” on page 1
•
Rev. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8/23/12
•
•
Updated “Features” on page 1 to add OTPM
Added “One-Time Programmable Memory (OTPM)” on page 18
Rev. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3/30/12
Initial release
•
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without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications
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Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and
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