LM555CM [ONSEMI]

单计时器;
LM555CM
型号: LM555CM
厂家: ONSEMI    ONSEMI
描述:

单计时器

PC 光电二极管
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January 2013  
LM555  
Single Timer  
Description  
Features  
The LM555 is a highly stable controller capable of pro-  
ducing accurate timing pulses. With a monostable opera-  
tion, the delay is controlled by one external resistor and  
one capacitor. With astable operation, the frequency and  
duty cycle are accurately controlled by two external  
resistors and one capacitor.  
• High-Current Drive Capability: 200 mA  
• Adjustable Duty Cycle  
Temperature Stability of 0.005%/°C  
• Timing From μs to Hours  
• Turn off Time Less Than 2 μs  
8-DIP  
Applications  
• Precision Timing  
• Pulse Generation  
• Delay Generation  
• Sequential Timing  
1
8-SOIC  
1
Ordering Information  
Part Number Operating Temperature Range  
Top Mark  
LM555CN  
LM555CM  
LM555CM  
Package  
DIP 8L  
Packing Method  
LM555CN  
Rail  
Rail  
LM555CM  
0 ~ +70°C  
SOIC 8L  
SOIC 8L  
LM555CMX  
Tape & Reel  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
1
Block Diagram  
R
R
R
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
V
CC  
GND  
Comp.  
Discharging Transistor  
Trigger  
Discharge  
OutPut  
Stage  
Output
Threshold  
F/F  
Comp.  
Controld  
Reset  
Voltage  
VREF  
Figure 1. Block Diagram  
Absolute Maximum Ratings  
Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be opera-  
ble above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addi-  
tion, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The  
absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Values are at TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted.  
Symbol  
VCC  
Parameter  
Value  
16  
Unit  
V
Supply Voltage  
TLEAD  
PD  
Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s)  
Power Dissipation  
300  
°C  
600  
mW  
°C  
TOPR  
TSTG  
Operating Temperature Range  
Storage Temperature Range  
0 ~ +70  
-65 ~ +150  
°C  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
2
Electrical Characteristics  
Values are at TA = 25°C, VCC = 5 ~ 15 V unless otherwise specified.  
Parameter  
Symbol  
Conditions  
Min.  
Typ. Max.  
Unit  
V
Supply Voltage  
VCC  
4.5  
16.0  
VCC = 5 V, RL = ∞  
3
6
mA  
mA  
Supply Current (Low Stable) (1)  
ICC  
VCC = 15 V, RL = ∞  
7.5  
15.0  
Timing Error (Monostable)  
Initial Accuracy (2)  
Drift with Temperature (3)  
Drift with Supply Voltage (3)  
ACCUR  
1.0  
3.0  
%
RA = 1 kΩ to100 kΩ  
C = 0.1 μF  
Δt / ΔT  
50  
ppm / °C  
% / V  
Δt / ΔVCC  
0.1  
0.5  
Timing Error (Astable)  
InItial Accuracy (2)  
Drift with Temperature (3)  
Drift with Supply Voltage (3)  
ACCUR  
2.25  
%
RA = 1 kΩ to 100kΩ  
C = 0.1 μF  
Δt / ΔT  
150  
0.3  
ppm / °C  
Δt / ΔVCC  
% / V  
V
VCC = 15 V  
VCC = 5 V  
VCC = 15 V  
VCC = 5V  
9.0  
10.0  
3.33  
10.0  
3.33  
0.10  
1.67  
5.0  
11.0  
4.00  
Control Voltage  
VC  
2.60  
V
V
Threshold Voltage  
Threshold Current (4)  
Trigger Voltage  
VTH  
ITH  
V
0.25  
2.20  
5.6  
μA  
V
VCC = 5 V  
VCC = 15 V  
VTR = 0 V  
1.10  
4.5  
VTR  
V
Trigger Current  
Reset Voltage  
Reset Current  
ITR  
0.01  
0.7  
2.00  
1.0  
μA  
V
VRST  
IRST  
0.4  
0.1  
0.4  
mA  
V
ISINK = 10 mA  
0.06  
0.30  
0.05  
12.5  
0.25  
0.75  
0.35  
VCC = 15 V  
Low Output Voltage  
VOL  
ISINK = 50 mA  
VCC = 5 V, ISINK = 5 mA  
ISOURCE = 200 mA  
V
V
V
VCC = 15 V  
High Output Voltage  
VOH  
ISOURCE = 100 mA 12.75 13.30  
V
VCC = 5 V, ISOURCE = 100 mA  
2.75  
3.30  
100  
100  
20  
V
Rise Time of Output(3)  
Fall Time of Output(3)  
Discharge Leakage Current  
Notes:  
tR  
tF  
ns  
ns  
nA  
ILKG  
100  
1. When the output is high, the supply current is typically 1 mA less than at VCC = 5 V.  
2. Tested at VCC = 5.0 V and VCC = 15 V.  
3. These parameters, although guaranteed, are not 100% tested in production.  
4. This determines the maximum value of RA + RB for 15 V operation, the maximum total R = 20 MΩ, and for 5 V  
operation, the maximum total R = 6.7 MΩ.  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
3
Application Information  
Table 1 below is the basic operating table of 555 timer.  
Table 1. Basic Operating Table  
Discharging  
Transistor  
(PIN 7)  
Reset  
(PIN 4)  
VTR  
(PIN 2)  
VTH  
(PIN 6)  
Output  
(PIN 3)  
Low  
High  
High  
High  
X
X
Low  
High  
Low  
ON  
OFF  
ON  
< 1/3 VCC  
> 1/3 VCC  
> 1/3 VCC  
X
> 2/3 VCC  
< 2/3 VCC  
Previous State  
When the low signal input is applied to the reset terminal, the timer output remains low regardless of the threshold volt-  
age or the trigger voltage. Only when the high signal is applied to the reset terminal, the timer's output changes accord-  
ing to threshold voltage and trigger voltage.  
When the threshold voltage exceeds 2/3 of the supply voltage while the timer output is high, the timer's internal dis-  
charge transistor turns on, lowering the threshold voltage to below 1/3 of the supply voltage. During this time, the timer  
output is maintained low. Later, if a low signal is applied to the trigger voltage so that it becomes 1/3 of the supply volt-  
age, the timer's internal discharge transistor turns off, increasing the threshold voltage and driving the timer output  
again at high.  
1. Monostable Operation  
102  
+Vcc  
RA  
4
101  
100  
8
RESET  
Vcc  
Trigger  
7
6
DISCH  
TRIG  
OUT  
2
3
10-1  
10-2  
10-3  
THRES  
CONT  
C1  
5
GND  
RL  
C2  
1
10-5  
10-4  
10-3  
10-2  
10-1  
100  
101  
102  
Time Delay(s)  
Figure2. Monostable Circuit  
Figure 3. Resistance and Capacitance vs.  
Time Delay (tD)  
Figure 4. Waveforms of Monostable Operation  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
4
1. Monostable Operation  
Figure 2 illustrates a monostable circuit. In this mode, the timer generates a fixed pulse whenever the trigger voltage  
falls below VCC/3. When the trigger pulse voltage applied to the #2 pin falls below VCC/3 while the timer output is low,  
the timer's internal flip-flop turns the discharging transistor off and causes the timer output to become high by charging  
the external capacitor C1 and setting the flip-flop output at the same time.  
The voltage across the external capacitor C1, VC1 increases exponentially with the time constant t = RA*C and  
reaches 2 VCC/3 at tD = 1.1 RA*C. Hence, capacitor C1 is charged through resistor RA. The greater the time constant  
RAC, the longer it takes for the VC1 to reach 2 VCC/3. In other words, the time constant RAC controls the output pulse  
width.  
When the applied voltage to the capacitor C1 reaches 2 VCC/3, the comparator on the trigger terminal resets the flip-  
flop, turning the discharging transistor on. At this time, C1 begins to discharge and the timer output converts to low.  
In this way, the timer operating in the monostable repeats the above process. Figure 3 shows the time constant rela-  
tionship based on RA and C. Figure 4 shows the general waveforms during the monostable operation.  
It must be noted that, for a normal operation, the trigger pulse voltage needs to maintain a minimum of VCC/3 before  
the timer output turns low. That is, although the output remains unaffected even if a different trigger pulse is applied  
while the output is high, it may be affected and the waveform does not operate properly if the trigger pulse voltage at  
the end of the output pulse remains at below VCC/3. Figure 5 shows such a timer output abnormality.  
Figure 5. Waveforms of Monostable Operation  
(abnormal)  
2. Astable Operation  
+Vcc  
100  
(RA+2RB)  
RA  
4
8
10  
1
RESET  
Vcc  
7
6
DISCH  
TRIG  
OUT  
2
3
RB  
THRES  
CONT  
0.1  
C1  
0.01  
5
GND  
RL  
C2  
1
1E-3  
100m  
1
10  
100  
1k  
10k  
100k  
Frequency(Hz)  
Figure 6. A Stable Circuit  
Figure 7. Capacitance and Resistance vs. Frequency  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
5
Figure 8. Waveforms of Astable Operation  
An astable timer operation is achieved by adding resistor RB to Figure 2 and configuring as shown on Figure 6. In the  
astable operation, the trigger terminal and the threshold terminal are connected so that a self-trigger is formed, operat-  
ing as a multi-vibrator. When the timer output is high, its internal discharging transistor. turns off and the VC1 increases  
by exponential function with the time constant (RA+RB)*C.  
When the VC1, or the threshold voltage, reaches 2 VCC/3; the comparator output on the trigger terminal becomes  
high, resetting the F/F and causing the timer output to become low. This turns on the discharging transistor and the C1  
discharges through the discharging channel formed by RB and the discharging transistor. When the VC1 falls below  
VCC/3, the comparator output on the trigger terminal becomes high and the timer output becomes high again. The dis-  
charging transistor turns off and the VC1 rises again.  
In the above process, the section where the timer output is high is the time it takes for the VC1 to rise from VCC/3 to 2  
VCC/3, and the section where the timer output is low is the time it takes for the VC1 to drop from 2 VCC/3 to VCC/3.  
When timer output is high, the equivalent circuit for charging capacitor C1 is as follows:  
RA  
RB  
Vcc  
C1  
Vc1(0-)=Vcc/3  
dv  
V
V(0-)  
cc  
c1  
C ------------- = -------------------------------  
(1)  
(2)  
1
dt  
R
+ R  
A
B
V
(0+) = V  
3  
C1  
CC  
t
------------------------------------  
- –  
(R + R )C1  
A
B
2
3
V
(t) = V  
1 --e  
(3)  
C1  
CC  
Since the duration of the timer output high state (tL) is the amount of time it takes for the VC1(t) to reach 2 VCC/3,  
t
H
------------------------------------  
- –  
(R + R )C1  
A
B
2
3
2
3
V
(t) = --V  
= V  
1 --e  
(4)  
C1  
CC  
CC  
t
= C (R + R )In2 = 0.693(R + R )C  
1
(5)  
H
1
A
B
A
B
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
6
The equivalent circuit for discharging capacitor C1, when timer output is low is, as follows:  
RB  
C1  
VC1(0-)=2Vcc/3  
RD  
dv  
C1  
1
C -------------- + ----------------------- V  
= 0  
(6)  
1
C1  
t
dt  
R + R  
A
B
-------------------------------------  
(R + R )C1  
A
D
2
3
V
(t) = --V  
(7)  
C1  
e
CC  
Since the duration of the timer output low state (tL) is the amount of time it takes for the VC1(t) to reach VCC/3,  
t
L
------------------------------------  
-
(R + R )C 1  
A
D
1
3
2
3
-- V  
= --- V  
(8 )  
C C  
e
C C  
t
= C (R + R )In2 = 0.693 (R + R )C  
1
(9 )  
L
1
B
D
B
D
Since RD is normally RB>>RD although related to the size of discharging transistor,  
tL = 0.693RBC1 (10)  
Consquently, if the timer operates in astable, the period is the same with  
't = tH+tL = 0.693(RA+RB)C1+0.693RBC1 = 0.693(RA+2RB)C1'  
because the period is the sum of the charge time and discharge time. Since frequency is the reciprocal of the period,  
the following applies:  
1
1.44  
f = -- = ---------------------------------------  
(R + 2R )C  
frequency,  
(11)  
t
A
B
1
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
7
3. Frequency Divider  
By adjusting the length of the timing cycle, the basic circuit of Figure 1 can be made to operate as a frequency divider.  
Figure 9. illustrates a divide-by-three circuit that makes use of the fact that retriggering cannot occur during the timing  
cycle.  
Figure 9. Waveforms of Frequency Divider Operation  
4. Pulse Width Modulation  
The timer output waveform may be changed by modulating the control voltage applied to the timer's pin 5 and chang-  
ing the reference of the timer's internal comparators. Figure 10 illustrates the pulse width modulation circuit.  
When the continuous trigger pulse train is applied in the monostable mode, the timer output width is modulated accord-  
ing to the signal applied to the control terminal. Sine wave, as well as other waveforms, may be applied as a signal to  
the control terminal. Figure 11 shows the example of pulse width modulation waveform.  
+Vcc  
R
A
4
8
RESET  
Vcc  
7
6
5
Trigger  
Output  
DISCH  
TRIG  
2
3
THRES  
CONT  
OUT  
Input  
C
GND  
1
Figure 10. Circuit for Pulse Width Modulation  
Figure 11. Waveforms of Pulse Width Modulation  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
8
5. Pulse Position Modulation  
If the modulating signal is applied to the control terminal while the timer is connected for the astable operation, as in  
Figure 12, the timer becomes a pulse position modulator.  
In the pulse position modulator, the reference of the timer's internal comparators is modulated, which modulates the  
timer output according to the modulation signal applied to the control terminal.  
Figure 13 illustrates a sine wave for modulation signal and the resulting output pulse position modulation; however, any  
wave shape be used.  
+Vcc  
R
A
4
8
RESET  
Vcc  
7
6
5
DISCH  
TRIG  
2
3
R
C
B
THRES  
CONT  
Output  
OUT  
Modulation  
GND  
1
Figure 13. Wafeforms of pulse position modulation  
Figure 12. Circuit for Pulse Position Modluation  
6. Linear Ramp  
When the pull-up resistor RA in the monostable circuit shown in Figure 2 is replaced with constant current source, the  
C1 increases linearly, generating a linear ramp. Figure 14 shows the linear ramp generating circuit and Figure 15 illus-  
trates the generated linear ramp waveforms.  
V
+Vcc  
R1  
RE  
4
8
RESET  
Vcc  
7
6
DISCH  
Q1  
TRIG  
OUT  
2
3
R2  
THRES  
CONT  
Output  
C1  
5
GND  
C2  
1
Figure 15. Waveforms of Linear Ramp  
Figure 14. Circuit for Linear Ramp  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
9
In Figure 14, current source is created by PNP transistor Q1 and resistor R1, R2, and RE.  
V
V  
CC  
E
I
= --------------------------  
(12)  
C
R
E
Here, V  
E is  
R
2
V
= V  
+ ---------------------V  
(13)  
E
BE  
CC  
R + R  
1
2
For example, if VCC = 15 V, RE = 20 kΩ, R1 = 5 kΩ, R2 = 10 kΩ, and VBE = 0.7 V,  
VE=0.7 V+10 V=10.7 V, and  
IC=(15-10.7) / 20 k=0.215 mA.  
When the trigger starts in a timer configured as shown in Figure 14, the current flowing through capacitor C1 becomes  
a constant current generated by PNP transistor and resistors.  
Hence, the VC is a linear ramp function as shown in Figure 15. The gradient S of the linear ramp function is defined as  
follows:  
V
p p  
S = ----------------  
(14)  
t
Here the Vp-p is the peak-to-peak voltage.  
If the electric charge amount accumulated in the capacitor is divided by the capacitance, the VC comes out as follows:  
V = Q/C  
(15)  
The above equation divided on both sides by t gives:  
Q § t  
C
V
--- = -------------  
(16)  
t
and may be simplified into the following equation:  
S = I/C (17)  
In other words, the gradient of the linear ramp function appearing across the capacitor can be obtained by using the  
constant current flowing through the capacitor.  
If the constant current flow through the capacitor is 0.215 mA and the capacitance is 0.02 μF, the gradient of the ramp  
function at both ends of the capacitor is S = 0.215 m / 0.022 μ = 9.77 V/ms.  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
10  
Physical Dimensions  
8-DIP  
.400 10.15  
A
.373 9.46  
[ ]  
.036 [0.9 TYP]  
(.092) [Ø2.337]  
PIN #1  
(.032) [R0.813]  
.250 .005 [6.35 0.13]  
PIN #1  
B
TOP VIEW  
OPTION 1  
TOP VIEW  
OPTION 2  
.070 1.78  
.310 .010 [7.87 0.25]  
.045  
[ ]  
1.14  
.130 .005 [3.3 0.13]  
.210 MAX  
[5.33]  
7° TYP  
7° TYP  
C
.015 MIN  
[0.38]  
.021 0.53  
.300  
.015 0.37  
[ ]  
.140 3.55  
[7.62]  
.125 [3.17]  
.001[.025]  
C
.100  
[2.54]  
.430 MAX  
[10.92]  
.060 MAX  
[1.52]  
NOTES:  
A. CONFORMS TO JEDEC REGISTRATION MS-001,  
VARIATIONS BA  
+.005  
+0.127  
0.254  
-0.000  
.010  
-.000  
[
]
B. CONTROLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES  
REFERENCE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS  
C. DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.  
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED  
.010 INCHES OR 0.25MM.  
D. DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSIONS.  
DAMBAR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED  
.010 INCHES OR 0.25MM.  
E. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING  
PER ASME Y14.5M-1994.  
N08EREVG  
Figure 16. 8-Lead, DIP, JEDEC MS-001, 300" WIDE  
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner  
without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or  
obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the  
warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products.  
Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings:  
http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/.  
For current tape and reel specifications, visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area:  
http://www.fairchildsemi.com/products/discrete/pdf/8dip_tr.pdf.  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
11  
Physical Dimensions (continued)  
8-SOIC  
Figure 17. 8-Lead, SOIC,JEDEC MS-012, 150" NARROW BODY  
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner  
without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or  
obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the  
warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products.  
Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings:  
http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/.  
For current tape and reel specifications, visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area:  
http://www.fairchildsemi.com/dwg/M0/M08A.pdf.  
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
LM555 Rev. 1.1.0  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
12  
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TinyPWM¥  
TinyWire¥  
Saving our world, 1mW/W/kW at a time™  
SignalWise¥  
SmartMax¥  
ISOPLANAR¥  
Making Small Speakers Sound Louder  
and Better™  
Current Transfer Logic¥  
DEUXPEED®  
Dual Cool™  
EcoSPARK®  
EfficientMax¥  
SMART START¥  
Solutions for Your Success¥  
SPM®  
TranSiC¥  
MegaBuck¥  
TriFault Detect¥  
TRUECURRENT®*  
PSerDes¥  
MICROCOUPLER¥  
MicroFET¥  
ESBC¥  
STEALTH¥  
®
SuperFET®  
MicroPak¥  
MicroPak2¥  
Fairchild®  
SuperSOT¥-3  
MillerDrive¥  
UHC®  
Ultra FRFET¥  
UniFET¥  
VCX¥  
VisualMax¥  
VoltagePlus¥  
XS™  
Fairchild Semiconductor®  
FACT Quiet Series¥  
FACT®  
SuperSOT¥-6  
SuperSOT¥-8  
SupreMOS®  
MotionMax¥  
mWSaver¥  
OptoHiT¥  
FAST®  
SyncFET¥  
Sync-Lock™  
OPTOLOGIC®  
OPTOPLANAR®  
FastvCore¥  
FETBench¥  
FPS¥  
®
*
®
* Trademarks of System General Corporation, used under license by Fairchild Semiconductor.  
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Datasheet contains the design specifications for product development. Specifications may change  
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Preliminary  
No Identification Needed  
Obsolete  
First Production  
Full Production  
Not In Production  
Rev. I63  
© Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation  
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