MT9V022IA7ATC-DR1_技术文档

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Features

1/3-Inch Wide-VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor

MT9V022 Datasheet, Rev. L

For the latest datasheet revision, please visit www.onsemi.com

Table 1:

Key Performance Parameters

Value

Features

Parameter

• Array format: Wide-VGA, active 752H x 480V

(360,960 pixels)

Optical format

1/3-inch

• Global shutter photodiode pixels; simultaneous

integration and readout

4.51 mm (H) x 2.88 mm (V)

5.35 mm diagonal

Active imager size

• Monochrome or color: Near_IR enhanced

performance for use with non-visible NIR

illumination

• Readout modes: progressive or interlaced

• Shutter efficiency: >99%

Active pixels

Pixel size

752H x 480V

6.0 m x 6.0 m

Monochrome or color RGB Bayer

pattern

Color filter array

Shutter type

Global shutter

• Simple two-wire serial interface

• Register Lock capability

Maximum data rate/

master clock

26.6 MPS/26.6 MHz

• Window Size: User programmable to any smaller

format (QVGA, CIF, QCIF, etc.). Data rate can be

maintained independent of window size

• Binning: 2 x 2 and 4 x 4 of the full resolution

• ADC: On-chip, 10-bit column-parallel (option to

operate in 12-bit to 10-bit companding mode)

• Automatic Controls: Auto exposure control (AEC)

and auto gain control (AGC); variable regional and

variable weight AEC/AGC

Full resolution

Frame rate

752 x 480

60 fps (at full resolution)

10-bit column-parallel

4.8 V/lux-sec (550nm)

ADC resolution

Responsivity

>55 dB linear;

Dynamic range

^{>80 dB}100 dB in HDR mode

3.3 V +0.3 Vall supplies)

<320 mW at maximum data rate;

100 μW standby power

Supply voltage

Power consumption

• Support for four unique serial control register IDs to

control multiple imagers on the same bus

• Data output formats:

Operating temperature -40°C to +85°C

52-Ball IBGA, automotive-qualified;

wafer or die

Packaging

– Single sensor mode:

10-bit parallel/stand-alone

8-bit or 10-bit serial LVDS

– Stereo sensor mode:

Interspersed 8-bit serial LVDS

Applications

•

Automotive

Unattended surveillance

Stereo vision

Security

Smart vision

Automation

Video as input

Machine vision

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC 2015,

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Ordering Information

Table 2:

Available Part Numbers

Part Number

Product Description

Orderable Product Attribute Description

Drypack, Protective Film

Drypack

MT9V022IA7ATC-DP

MT9V022IA7ATC-DR

MT9V022IA7ATM-DP

MT9V022IA7ATM-DR

MT9V022IA7ATM-TP

MT9V022IA7ATM-TR

RGB, 0deg CRA, iBGA Package

Mono, 0deg CRA, iBGA Package

Drypack, Protective Film

Drypack

Tape & Reel, Protective Film

Tape & Reel

See the ON Semiconductor Device Nomenclature document (TND310/D) for a full

description of the naming convention used for image sensors. For reference documenta-

tion, including information on evaluation kits, please visit our web site at

www.onsemi.com.

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Table of Contents

Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Ball Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Pixel Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Color Device Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Output Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Serial Bus Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Two-Wire Serial Interface Sample Read and Write Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Feature Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Package Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Appendix A – Serial Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Appendix B – Power-On Reset and Standby Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

List of Figures

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7:

Figure 8:

Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

52-Ball IBGA Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Typical Configuration (Connection)—Parallel Output Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Pixel Array Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Spatial Illustration of Image Readout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Timing Example of Pixel Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Row Timing and FRAME_VALID/LINE_VALID Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Timing Diagram Showing a Write to R0x09 with the Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Timing Diagram Showing a Read from R0x09; Returned Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Timing Diagram Showing a Bytewise Write to R0x09 with the Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Timing Diagram Showing a Bytewise Read from R0x09; Returned Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Simultaneous Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms #1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Simultaneous Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms #2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Sequential Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Snapshot Mode Interface Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Snapshot Mode Frame Synchronization Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Slave Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Signal Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Latency When Changing Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Sequence of Control Voltages at the HDR Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Sequence of Voltages in a Piecewise Linear Pixel Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

12- to 10-Bit Companding Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Latency of Analog Gain Change When AGC Is Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Tiled Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Black Level Calibration Flow Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Controllable and Observable AEC/AGC Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Readout of Six Pixels in Normal and Column Flip Output Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Readout of Six Rows in Normal and Row Flip Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Readout of 8 Pixels in Normal and Row Bin Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Readout of 8 Pixels in Normal and Column Bin Output Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Spatial Illustration of Interlaced Image Readout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Different LINE_VALID Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Serial Output Format for a 6x2 Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Propagation Delays for FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Serial Host Interface Start Condition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Serial Host Interface Stop Condition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit WRITE to the Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit READ from the Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Typical Quantum Efficiency—Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Typical Quantum Efficiency—Monochrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

52-Ball IBGA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Stand-Alone Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Stereoscopic Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Two-Wire Serial Interface Configuration in Stereoscopic Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Power-up, Reset, Clock and Standby Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

STANDBY Restricted Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Figure 9:

Figure 10:

Figure 11:

Figure 12:

Figure 13:

Figure 14:

Figure 15:

Figure 16:

Figure 17:

Figure 18:

Figure 19:

Figure 20:

Figure 21:

Figure 22:

Figure 23:

Figure 24:

Figure 25:

Figure 26:

Figure 27:

Figure 28:

Figure 29:

Figure 30:

Figure 31:

Figure 32:

Figure 33:

Figure 34:

Figure 35:

Figure 36:

Figure 37:

Figure 38:

Figure 39:

Figure 40:

Figure 41:

Figure 42:

Figure 43:

Figure 44:

Figure 45:

Figure 46:

Figure 47:

Figure 48:

Figure 49:

Figure 50:

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

List of Tables

Table 1:

Table 2:

Table 3:

Table 4:

Table 5:

Table 6:

Table 7:

Table 8:

Table 9:

Table 10:

Table 11:

Table 12:

Table 13:

Key Performance Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Available Part Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Ball Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Frame Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Frame Time—Long Integration Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Slave Address Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

LVDS Packet Format in Stand-Alone Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

LVDS Packet Format in Stereoscopy Mode (Stereoscopy Mode Bit Asserted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Reserved Words in the Pixel Data Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

AC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

General Description

The ON Semiconductor MT9V022 is a 1/3-inch wide-VGA format CMOS active-pixel

digital image sensor with global shutter and high dynamic range (HDR) operation. The

sensor has specifically been designed to support the demanding interior and exterior

automotive imaging needs, which makes this part ideal for a wide variety of imaging

applications in real-world environments.

This wide-VGA CMOS image sensor features ON Semiconductor’s breakthrough low-

noise CMOS imaging technology that achieves CCD image quality (based on signal-to-

noise ratio and low-light sensitivity) while maintaining the inherent size, cost, and inte-

gration advantages of CMOS.

The active imaging pixel array is 752H x 480V. It incorporates sophisticated camera func-

tions on-chip—such as binning 2 x 2 and 4 x 4, to improve sensitivity when operating in

smaller resolutions—as well as windowing, column and row mirroring. It is program-

mable through a simple two-wire serial interface.

The MT9V022 can be operated in its default mode or be programmed for frame size,

exposure, gain setting, and other parameters. The default mode outputs a wide-VGA-

size image at 60 frames per second (fps).

An on-chip analog-to-digital converter (ADC) provides 10 bits per pixel. A 12-bit resolu-

tion companded for 10 bits for small signals can be alternatively enabled, allowing more

accurate digitization for darker areas in the image.

In addition to a traditional, parallel logic output the MT9V022 also features a serial low-

voltage differential signaling (LVDS) output. The sensor can be operated in a stereo-

camera, and the sensor, designated as a stereo-master, is able to merge the data from

itself and the stereo-slave sensor into one serial LVDS stream.

The sensor is designed to operate in a wide temperature range (–40°C to +85°C).

Figure 1:

Block Diagram

Serial

Register

I/O

Control Register

Active-Pixel

Sensor (APS)

Array

752H x 480V

Timing and Control

Analog Processing

ADCs

Parallel

Video

Digital Processing

Data Out

Serial Video

LVDS Out

Slave Video LVDS In

(for stereo applications only)

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

General Description

Figure 2:

52-Ball IBGA Package

1

2

4

5

6

3

7

8

SER_

DATAOUT

_P

SER_

DATAOUT

_N

VDD

LVDS

VDD

LVDS

SYS-

CLK

DOUT0

DOUT1

DGND

A

B

C

D

E

DOUT2

DOUT4

AGND

NC

DOUT3

VAAPIX

VAA

SHFT_

CLKOUT

_N

SHFT_

CLKOUT

_P

LVDS

GND

VDD

PIXCLK

LVDS

GND

BYPASS

_CLKIN

_P

BYPASS

_CLKIN

_N

SER_

DATAIN

_P

SER_

DATAIN

_N

NC

DOUT5

DOUT6

DOUT8

DOUT9

VDD

NC

VAA

DOUT7

AGND

F

STAND-

BY

DGND

S_CTRL_

ADR0

LED_

OUT

STFRM_

OUT

FRAME

_VALID

STLN_

OUT

SDATA

SCLK

G

H

RESET#

LINE_

VALID

S_CTRL

_ADR1

EXPO-

SURE

ERROR

OE

RSVD

Top View

(Ball Down)

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Ball Descriptions

Table 1:

Ball Descriptions

Only pins DOUT0 through DOUT9 may be tri-stated.

52-Ball IBGA

Numbers

H7

Symbol

RSVD

Type

Input

Description

Note

Connect to DGND.

1

D2

SER_DATAIN_N

Serial data in for stereoscopy (differential negative). Tie to

1K pull-up (to 3.3V) in non-stereoscopy mode.

D1

C2

C1

SER_DATAIN_P

BYPASS_CLKIN_N

BYPASS_CLKIN_P

Input

Serial data in for stereoscopy (differential positive). Tie to

DGND in non-stereoscopy mode.

Input bypass shift-CLK (differential negative). Tie to 1K

pull-up (to 3.3V) in non-stereoscopy mode.

Input bypass shift-CLK (differential positive). Tie to DGND in

non-stereoscopy mode.

H3

H4

EXPOSURE

SCLK

Input

Rising edge starts exposure in slave mode.

Two-wire serial interface clock. Connect to VDD with 1.5K

resistor even when no other two-wire serial interface

peripheral is attached.

H6

G7

H8

G8

F8

OE

Input

I/O

DOUT enable pad, active HIGH.

2

S_CTRL_ADR0

S_CTRL_ADR1

RESET#

Two-wire serial interface slave address bit 3.

Two-wire serial interface slave address bit 5.

Asynchronous reset. All registers assume defaults.

Shut down sensor operation for power saving.

Master clock (26.6 MHz).

STANDBY

SYSCLK

A5

G4

SDATA

Two-wire serial interface data. Connect to VDD with 1.5K

resistor even when no other two-wire serial interface

peripheral is attached.

G3

G5

STLN_OUT

I/O

Output in master mode—start line sync to drive slave chip

in-phase; input in slave mode.

STFRM_OUT

Output in master mode—start frame sync to drive a slave

chip in-phase; input in slave mode.

H2

G2

E1

LINE_VALID

FRAME_VALID

DOUT5

Output

Asserted when DOUT data is valid.

Parallel pixel data output 5.

F1

DOUT6

Parallel pixel data output 6.

F2

DOUT7

Parallel pixel data output 7.

G1

H1

H5

G6

B7

A8

A7

B6

A6

B5

DOUT8

Parallel pixel data output 8

DOUT9

Parallel pixel data output 9.

ERROR

Error detected. Directly connected to STEREO ERROR FLAG.

LED strobe output.

LED_OUT

DOUT4

Parallel pixel data output 4.

DOUT3

Parallel pixel data output 3.

DOUT2

Parallel pixel data output 2.

DOUT1

Parallel pixel data output 1.

DOUT0

Parallel pixel data output 0.

PIXCLK

Pixel clock out. DOUT is valid on rising edge of this clock.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Ball Descriptions

Table 1:

Ball Descriptions (continued)

Only pins DOUT0 through DOUT9 may be tri-stated.

52-Ball IBGA

Numbers

Symbol

SHFT_CLKOUT_N

SHFT_CLKOUT_P

SER_DATAOUT_N

SER_DATAOUT_P

VDD

Type

Description

Output shift CLK (differential negative).

Output shift CLK (differential positive).

Serial data out (differential negative).

Serial data out (differential positive).

Digital power 3.3V.

Note

B3

Output

Supply

Ground

NC

B2

A3

A2

B4, E2

C8, F7

B8

VAA

Analog power 3.3V.

VAAPIX

Pixel power 3.3V.

A1, A4

B1, C3

C6, F3

C7, F6

E7, E8, D7, D8

VDDLVDS

Dedicated power for LVDS pads.

Dedicated GND for LVDS pads.

Digital GND.

LVDSGND

DGND

AGND

Analog GND.

NC

No connect.

3

Notes: 1. Pin H7 (RSVD) must be tied to GND.

2. Output Enable (OE) tri-states signals DOUT0–DOUT9. No other signals are tri-stated with OE.

3. No connect. These pins must be left floating for proper operation.

Figure 3:

Typical Configuration (Connection)—Parallel Output Mode

V

AA

VAAPIX

V

DD

V

DDLVDS

VDD

VAA

D

OUT(9:0)

Master Clock

SYSCLK

OE

RESET#

LINE_VALID

FRAME_VALID

PIXCLK

To Controller

To LED output

EXPOSURE

STANDBY from

Controller or

Digital GND

STANDBY

LED_OUT

ERROR

S_CTRL_ADR0

S_CTRL_ADR1

SCLK

Two-Wire

Serial Interface

S

DATA

RSVD

DGND LVDSGND

AGND

0.1μF

Note:

LVDS signals are to be left floating.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Pixel Data Format

Pixel Array Structure

The MT9V022 pixel array is configured as 782 columns by 492 rows, shown in Figure 4.

The left 26 columns and the top eight rows of pixels are optically black and can be used

to monitor the black level. The black row data is used internally for the automatic black

level adjustment. However, the middle four black rows can also be read out by setting the

sensor to raw data output mode. There are 753 columns by 481 rows of optically active

pixels. The active area is surrounded with optically transparent dummy columns and

rows to improve image uniformity within the active area. One additional active column

and active row are used to allow horizontally and vertically mirrored readout to also start

on the same color pixel.

Figure 4:

Pixel Array Description

8 dark, 1 light dummy rows

(0,0)

26 dark, 1 light

2 dummy

dummy columns

columns

(782,492)

2 dummy rows

Figure 5:

Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner)

Column Resdout Direction

Pixel

(2,9)

G

R

G

R

G

R

B

G

B

G

R

G

R

G

R

B

G

B

G

R

G

R

G

R

B

G

B

G

R

G

R

G

R

B

G

B

G

B

G

B

G

B

G

B

G

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Color Device Limitations

The color version of the MT9V022 does not support or offers reduced performance for

the following functionalities.

Pixel Binning

Pixel binning is done on immediate neighbor pixels only, no facility is provided to skip

pixels according to a Bayer pattern. Therefore, the result of binning combines pixels of

different colors. For more information, see “Pixel Binning” on page 34.

Interlaced Readout

Interlaced readout yields one field consisting only of red and green pixels and another

consisting only of blue and green pixels. This is due to the Bayer pattern of the CFA.

Automatic Black Level Calibration

When the color bit is set (R0x0F[2]=1), the sensor uses GREEN1 pixels black level correc-

tion value, which is applied to all colors. To use calibration value based on all dark pixels

offset values, the color bit should be cleared.

Other Limiting Factors

Black level correction and row-wise noise correction are applied uniformly to each color.

Automatic exposure and gain control calculations are made based on all three colors,

not just the green luma channel. High dynamic range does operate; however, ON Semi-

conductor strongly recommends limiting use to linear operation if good color fidelity is

required.

Output Data Format

The MT9V022 image data can be read out in a progressive scan or interlaced scan mode.

Valid image data is surrounded by horizontal and vertical blanking, as shown in Figure 6.

The amount of horizontal and vertical blanking is programmable through R0x05 and

R0x06, respectively. LINE_VALID is HIGH during the shaded region of the figure. See

“Output Data Timing” on page 13 for the description of FRAME_VALID timing.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Output Data Format

Figure 6:

Spatial Illustration of Image Readout

P_0,0P_0,1P_0,2.....................................P_0,n-1P_0,n

P_1,0P_1,1P_1,2.....................................P_1,n-1P_1,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

HORIZONTAL

BLANKING

VALID IMAGE

P

_m-1,0P_m-1,1.....................................P_m-1,n-1P_m-1,n

P_m,0P_m,1.....................................P_m,n-1P_m,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00

VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL

BLANKING

VERTICAL BLANKING

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Output Data Format

Output Data Timing

The data output of the MT9V022 is synchronized with the PIXCLK output. When

LINE_VALID is HIGH, one 10-bit pixel datum is output every PIXCLK period.

Figure 7:

Timing Example of Pixel Data

...

LINE_VALID

PIXCLK

...

Blanking

Valid Image Data

Blanking

P

P2

(9:0)

P

n

0

1

3

4

n-1

(9:0)

DOUT(9:0)

...

(9:0)

The PIXCLK is a nominally inverted version of the master clock (SYSCLK). This allows

PIXCLK to be used as a clock to latch the data. However, when column bin 2 is enabled,

the PIXCLK is HIGH for one complete master clock master period and then LOW for one

complete master clock period; when column bin 4 is enabled, the PIXCLK is HIGH for

two complete master clock periods and then LOW for two complete master clock

periods. It is continuously enabled, even during the blanking period. Setting R0x74

bit[4] = 1 causes the MT9V022 to invert the polarity of the PIXCLK.

The parameters P1, A, Q, and P2 in Figure 8 are defined in Table 2.

Figure 8:

Row Timing and FRAME_VALID/LINE_VALID Signals

...

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

...

P1

A

Q

A

Q

A

P2

Number of master clocks

Table 2:

Frame Time

Name

Parameter

Equation

Default Timing at 26.66 MHz

752 pixel clocks

= 752 master

= 28.20s

A

Active data time

R0x04

71 pixel clocks

= 71master

= 2.66s

P1

P2

Q

Frame start blanking

Frame end blanking

Horizontal blanking

R0x05 - 23

23 (fixed)

R0x05

23 pixel clocks

= 23 master

= 0.86s

94 pixel clocks

= 94 master

= 3.52s

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Output Data Format

Table 2:

Frame Time (continued)

Name

Parameter

Equation

Default Timing at 26.66 MHz

846 pixel clocks

= 846 master

= 31.72s

A+Q

V

Row time

R0x04 + R0x05

38,074 pixel clocks

= 38,074 master

= 1.43ms

Vertical blanking

(R0x06) x (A + Q) + 4

(R0x03) × (A + Q)

V + (Nrows x (A + Q))

406,080 pixel clocks

= 406,080 master

= 15.23ms

Nrows x (A + Q)

F

Frame valid time

Total frame time

444,154 pixel clocks

= 444,154 master

= 16.66ms

Sensor timing is shown above in terms of pixel clock and master clock cycles (refer to

Figure 7 on page 13). The recommended master clock frequency is 26.66 MHz. The

vertical blanking and total frame time equations assume that the number of integration

rows (bits 11 through 0 of R0x0B) is less than the number of active rows plus blanking

rows minus overhead rows (R0x03 + R0x06 - 2). If this is not the case, the number of inte-

gration rows must be used instead to determine the frame time, as shown in Table 3. In

this example it is assumed that R0x0B is programmed with 523 rows. For Simultaneous

Mode, if the exposure time register (0x0B) exceeds the total readout time, then vertical

blanking is internally extended automatically to adjust for the additional integration

time required. This extended value is not written back to R0x06 (vertical blanking).

R0x06 can be used to adjust frame to frame readout time. This register does not effect

the exposure time but it may extend the readout time.

Table 3:

Frame Time—Long Integration Time

Equation

(Number of Master Clock Cycles)

Default Timing

at 26.66 MHz

Parameter

Name

38,074 pixel clocks

= 38,074 master

= 1.43ms

Vertical blanking (long

integration time)

V’

(R0x0B + 2 - R0x03) × (A + Q) + 4

(R0x0B + 2) × (A + Q) + 4

444,154 pixel clocks

= 444,154 master

= 16.66ms

Total frame time (long

integration time)

F”

Notes: 1. The MT9V022 uses column parallel analog-digital converters, thus short row timing is not possible.

The minimum total row time is 660 columns (horizontal width + horizontal blanking). The mini-

mum horizontal blanking is 43. When the window width is set below 617, horizontal blanking

must be increased. The frame rate will not increase for row times less than 660 columns.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Serial Bus Description

Registers are written to and read from the MT9V022 through the two-wire serial inter-

face bus. The MT9V022 is a serial interface slave with four possible IDs (0x90, 0x98, 0xB0

and 0xB8) determined by the S_CTRL_ADR0 and S_CTRL_ADR1 input pins. Data is

transferred into the MT9V022 and out through the serial data (SDATA) line. The SDATA

line is pulled up to VDD off-chip by a 1.5K resistor. Either the slave or master device can

pull the SDATA line down—the serial interface protocol determines which device is

allowed to pull the SDATA line down at any given time. The registers are 16-bit wide, and

can be accessed through 16- or 8-bit two-wire serial interface sequences.

Protocol

The two-wire serial interface defines several different transmission codes, as follows:

•

a start bit

the slave device 8-bit address

a(n) (no) acknowledge bit

an 8-bit message

a stop bit

Sequence

A typical read or write sequence begins by the master sending a start bit. After the start

bit, the master sends the slave device’s 8-bit address. The last bit of the address deter-

mines if the request is a read or a write, where a “0” indicates a write and a “1” indicates

a read. The slave device acknowledges its address by sending an acknowledge bit back to

the master.

If the request was a write, the master then transfers the 8-bit register address to which a

write should take place. The slave sends an acknowledge bit to indicate that the register

address has been received. The master then transfers the data eight bits at a time, with

the slave sending an acknowledge bit after each eight bits. The MT9V022 uses 16-bit data

for its internal registers, thus requiring two 8-bit transfers to write to one register. After

16 bits are transferred, the register address is automatically incremented, so that the next

16 bits are written to the next register address. The master stops writing by sending a

start or stop bit.

A typical read sequence is executed as follows. First the master sends the write mode

slave address and 8-bit register address, just as in the write request. The master then

sends a start bit and the read mode slave address. The master then clocks out the register

data eight bits at a time. The master sends an acknowledge bit after each 8-bit transfer.

The register address is auto-incremented after every 16 bits is transferred. The data

transfer is stopped when the master sends a no-acknowledge bit. The MT9V022 allows

for 8-bit data transfers through the two-wire serial interface by writing (or reading) the

most significant 8 bits to the register and then writing (or reading) the least significant 8

bits to R0xF0 (240).

Bus Idle State

The bus is idle when both the data and clock lines are HIGH. Control of the bus is initi-

ated with a start bit, and the bus is released with a stop bit. Only the master can generate

the start and stop bits.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Serial Bus Description

Start Bit

The start bit is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line while the clock line

is HIGH.

Stop Bit

The stop bit is defined as a LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock line

is HIGH.

Slave Address

The 8-bit address of a two-wire serial interface device consists of 7 bits of address and 1

bit of direction. A “0” in the LSB of the address indicates write mode, and a “1” indicates

read mode. As indicated above, the MT9V022 allows four possible slave addresses deter-

mined by the two input pins, S_CTRL_ADR0 and S_CTRL_ADR1.

Table 4:

Slave Address Modes

{S_CTRL_ADR1, S_CTRL_ADR0}

Slave Address

Write/Read Mode

00

0x90

0x91

0x98

0x99

0xB0

0xB1

0xB8

0xB9

Write

Read

Write

Read

Write

Read

Write

Read

01

10

11

Data Bit Transfer

Acknowledge Bit

No-Acknowledge Bit

One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The two-wire serial interface clock

pulse is provided by the master. The data must be stable during the HIGH period of the

serial clock—it can only change when the two-wire serial interface clock is LOW. Data is

transferred 8 bits at a time, followed by an acknowledge bit.

The master generates the acknowledge clock pulse. The transmitter (which is the master

when writing, or the slave when reading) releases the data line, and the receiver indi-

cates an acknowledge bit by pulling the data line LOW during the acknowledge clock

pulse.

The no-acknowledge bit is generated when the data line is not pulled down by the

receiver during the acknowledge clock pulse. A no-acknowledge bit is used to terminate

a read sequence.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Two-Wire Serial Interface Sample Read and Write Sequences

16-Bit Write Sequence

A typical write sequence for writing 16 bits to a register is shown in Figure 9. A start bit

given by the master, followed by the write address, starts the sequence. The image sensor

then gives an acknowledge bit and expects the register address to come first, followed by

the 16-bit data. After each 8-bit the image sensor gives an acknowledge bit. All 16 bits

must be written before the register is updated. After 16 bits are transferred, the register

address is automatically incremented, so that the next 16 bits are written to the next

register. The master stops writing by sending a start or stop bit.

Figure 9:

Timing Diagram Showing a Write to R0x09 with the Value 0x0284

SCLK

S

DATA

R0x09

0000 0010

0xB8 ADDR

1000 0100

STOP

START

ACK

16-Bit Read Sequence

A typical read sequence is shown in Figure 10. First the master has to write the register

address, as in a write sequence. Then a start bit and the read address specifies that a read

is about to happen from the register. The master then clocks out the register data 8 bits

at a time. The master sends an acknowledge bit after each 8-bit transfer. The register

address is auto-incremented after every 16 bits is transferred. The data transfer is

stopped when the master sends a no-acknowledge bit.

Figure 10: Timing Diagram Showing a Read from R0x09; Returned Value 0x0284

SCLK

S

DATA

0xB8 ADDR

R0x09

0xB9 ADDR

0000 0010

1000 0100

STOP

START

ACK

NACK

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Two-Wire Serial Interface Sample Read and Write Sequences

8-Bit Write Sequence

To be able to write 1 byte at a time to the register a special register address is added. The

8-bit write is done by first writing the upper 8 bits to the desired register and then writing

the lower 8 bits to the special register address (R0xF0). The register is not updated until

all 16 bits have been written. It is not possible to just update half of a register. In

Figure 11 on page 18, a typical sequence for 8-bit writing is shown. The second byte is

written to the special register (R0xF0).

Figure 11: Timing Diagram Showing a Bytewise Write to R0x09 with the Value 0x0284

SCLK

S

DATA

0000 0010

1000 0100

0xB8 ADDR

R0x09

0xB8 ADDR

R0xF0

STOP

START

ACK

8-Bit Read Sequence

To read one byte at a time the same special register address is used for the lower byte.

The upper 8 bits are read from the desired register. By following this with a read from the

special register (R0xF1) the lower 8 bits are accessed (Figure 12). The master sets the no-

acknowledge bits shown.

Figure 12: Timing Diagram Showing a Bytewise Read from R0x09; Returned Value 0x0284

SCLK

SDATA

0xB8 ADDR

0xB9 ADDR

0000 0010

R0x09

START

ACK

SCLK

SDATA

0xB8 ADDR

0xB9 ADDR

1000 0100

R0xF0

STOP

START

ACK

NACK

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Two-Wire Serial Interface Sample Read and Write Sequences

Register Lock

Included in the MT9V022 is a register lock (R0xFE) feature that can be used as a solution

to reduce the probability of an inadvertent noise-triggered two-wire serial interface

write to the sensor. All registers (or read mode register—register 13 only) can be locked;

it is important to prevent an inadvertent two-wire serial interface write to register 13 in

automotive applications since this register controls the image orientation and any

unintended flip to an image can cause serious results.

At power-up, the register lock defaults to a value of 0xBEEF, which implies that all

registers are unlocked and any two-wire serial interface writes to the register gets

committed.

Lock All Registers

If a unique pattern (0xDEAD) to R0xFE is programmed, any subsequent two-wire serial

interface writes to registers (except R0xFE) are NOT committed. Alternatively, if the user

writes a 0xBEEF to the register lock register, all registers are unlocked and any

subsequent two-wire serial interface writes to the register are committed.

Lock Read Mode Register Only (R0x0D)

If a unique pattern (0xDEAF) to R0xFE is programmed, any subsequent two-wire serial

interface writes to register 13 is NOT committed. Alternatively, if the user writes a

0xBEEF to register lock register, register 13 is unlocked and any subsequent two-wire

serial interface writes to this register is committed.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Operational Modes

The MT9V022 works in master, snapshot, or slave mode. In master mode the sensor

generates the readout timing. In snapshot mode it accepts an external trigger to start

integration, then generates the readout timing. In slave mode the sensor accepts both

external integration and readout controls. The integration time is programmed through

the two-wire serial interface during master or snapshot modes, or controlled via exter-

nally generated control signal during slave mode.

Master Mode

There are two possible operation methods for master mode: simultaneous and sequen-

tial. One of these operation modes must be selected via the two-wire serial interface.

Simultaneous Master Mode

In simultaneous master mode, the exposure period occurs during readout. The frame

synchronization waveforms are shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14. The exposure and

readout happen in parallel rather than sequential, making this the fastest mode of oper-

ation.

Figure 13: Simultaneous Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms #1

Readout Time > Exposure Time

LED_OUT

Exposure Time

Vertical Blanking

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

xxx

D

OUT(9:0)

Figure 14: Simultaneous Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms #2

Exposure Time > Readout Time

LED_OUT

Exposure Time

Vertical Blanking

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

xxx

D

OUT(9:0)

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

When exposure time is greater than the sum of vertical blank and window height, the

number of vertical blank rows is increased automatically to accommodate the exposure

time.

Sequential Master Mode

In sequential master mode the exposure period is followed by readout. The frame

synchronization waveforms for sequential master mode are shown in Figure 15. The

frame rate changes as the integration time changes.

Figure 15: Sequential Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms

Exposure Time

LED_OUT

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

xxx

OUT(9:0)

xxx

D

Snapshot Mode

In snapshot mode the sensor accepts an input trigger signal which initiates exposure,

and is immediately followed by readout. Figure 16 shows the interface signals used in

snapshot mode. In snapshot mode, the start of the integration period is determined by

the externally applied EXPOSURE pulse that is input to the MT9V022. The integration

time is preprogrammed via the two-wire serial interface on R0x0B. After the frame's inte-

gration period is complete the readout process commences and the syncs and data are

output. Sensor in snapshot mode can capture a single image or a sequence of images.

The frame rate may only be controlled by changing the period of the user supplied

EXPOSURE pulse train. The frame synchronization waveforms for snapshot mode are

shown in Figure 17.

Figure 16: Snapshot Mode Interface Signals

EXPOSURE

SYSCLK

PIXCLK

LINE_VALID

FRAME_VALID

D^OUT(9:0)

CONTROLLER

MT9V022

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Figure 17: Snapshot Mode Frame Synchronization Waveforms

EXPOSURE

LED_OUT

Exposure Time

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

xxx

OUT(9:0)

xxx

D

Slave Mode

In slave mode, the exposure and readout are controlled using the EXPOSURE,

STFRM_OUT, and STLN_OUT pins. When the slave mode is enabled, STFRM_OUT and

STLN_OUT become input pins.

The start and end of integration are controlled by EXPOSURE and STFRM_OUT pulses,

respectively. While a STFRM_OUT pulse is used to stop integration, it is also used to

enable the readout process.

After integration is stopped, the user provides STLN_OUT pulses to trigger row readout.

A full row of data is read out with each STLN_OUT pulse. The user must provide enough

time between successive STLN_OUT pulses to allow the complete readout of one row.

It is also important to provide additional STLN_OUT pulses to allow the sensors to read

the vertical blanking rows. It is recommended that the user program the vertical blank

register (R0x06) with a value of 4, and achieve additional vertical blanking between

frames by delaying the application of the STFRM_OUT pulse.

The elapsed time between the rising edge of STLN_OUT and the first valid pixel data is

[horizontal blanking register (R0x05) + 4] clock cycles.

Figure 18: Slave Mode Operation

1-row

time

Exposure

(input)

1-row

time

STFRM_OUT

(input)

2 master

clocks

LED_OUT

(output)

STLN_OUT

(input)

LINE_VALID

(output)

98 master

clocks

Integration Time

Vertical Blanking

(def = 45 lines)

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Signal Path

The MT9V022 signal path consists of a programmable gain, a programmable analog

offset, and a 10-bit ADC. See “Black Level Calibration” on page 30 for the programmable

offset operation description.

Figure 19: Signal Path

Gain Selection

(R0x35 or

result of AGC)

V

REF

(R0x2C)

Pixel Output

(reset minus signal)

ADC Data

(9:0)

10 (12) bit ADC

Offset Correction

Voltage (R0x48 or

result of BLC)

C1

Σ

C2

On-Chip Biases

ADC Voltage Reference

The ADC voltage reference is programmed through R0x2C, bits 2:0. The ADC reference

ranges from 1.0V to 2.1V. The default value is 1.4V. The increment size of the voltage

reference is 0.1V from 1.0V to 1.6V (R0x2C[2:0] values 0 to 6). At R0x2C[2:0] = 7, the refer-

ence voltage jumps to 2.1V.

The effect of the ADC calibration does not scale with VREF. Instead it is a fixed value rela-

tive to the output of the analog gain stage. At default, one LSB of calibration equals two

LSB in output data (1LSB

= 2mV, 1LSB

= 1mV).

Offset

ADC

It is very important to preserve the correct values of the other bits in R0x2C. The default

register setting is 0x0004.

V_Step Voltage Reference

Chip Version

This voltage is used for pixel high dynamic range operations, programmable from R0x31

through R0x34.

Chip version registers R0x00 and R0xFF are read-only.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Window Control

Registers R0x01 column start, R0x02 Row Start, R0x03 window height (row size), and

R0x04 Window Width (column size) control the size and starting coordinates of the

window.

The values programmed in the window height and width registers are the exact window

height and width out of the sensor. The window start value should never be set below

four.

To read out the dark rows set bit 6 of R0x0D. In addition, bit 7 of R0x0D can be used to

display the dark columns in the image.

Blanking Control

Horizontal blanking and vertical blanking registers R0x05 and R0x06 respectively control

the blanking time in a row (horizontal blanking) and between frames (vertical blanking).

•

Horizontal blanking is specified in terms of pixel clocks.

Vertical blanking is specified in terms of numbers of rows.

The actual imager timing can be calculated using Table 2 on page 13 and Table 3 on

page 14 which describe “Row Timing and FRAME_VALID/LINE_VALID signals.” The

minimum number of vertical blank rows is 4.

Pixel Integration Control

Total Integration

R0x0B Total Shutter Width (In Terms of Number of Rows)

This register (along with the window width and horizontal blanking registers) controls

the integration time for the pixels.

t

The actual total integration time, INT, is:

t

INT = (Number of rows of integration × row time) + Overhead, where:

The number of rows integration is equal to the result of automatic exposure control

(AEC) which may vary from frame to frame, or, if AEC is disabled, the value in R0x0B

Row time = (R0x04 + R0x05) master clock periods

Overhead = (R0x04 + R0x05 – 255) master clock periods

Typically, the value of R0x0B (total shutter width) is limited to the number of rows per

frame (which includes vertical blanking rows), such that the frame rate is not affected by

the integration time. If R0x0B is increased beyond the total number of rows per frame, it

is required to add additional blanking rows using R0x06 as needed. A second constraint

t

is that INT must be adjusted to avoid banding in the image from light flicker. Under

60Hz flicker, this means frame time must be a multiple of 1/120 of a second. Under 50Hz

flicker, frame time must be a multiple of 1/100 of a second.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Changes to Integration Time

With automatic exposure control disabled (R0xAF, bit 0 is cleared to LOW), and if the

total integration time (R0x0B) is changed via the two-wire serial interface while

FRAME_VALID is asserted for frame n, the first frame output using the new integration

time is frame (n + 2). Similarly, when automatic exposure control is enabled, any change

to the integration time for frame n first appears in frame (n + 2) output.

The sequence is as follows:

1. During frame n, the new integration time is held in the R0x0B live register.

2. At the start of frame (n + 1), the new integration time is transferred to the exposure

control module. Integration for each row of frame (n + 1) has been completed using

the old integration time. The earliest time that a row can start integrating using the

new integration time is immediately after that row has been read for frame (n + 1).

The actual time that rows start integrating using the new integration time is depen-

dent on the new value of the integration time.

3. When frame (n + 1) is read out, it is integrated using the new integration time. If the

integration time is changed (R0x0B written) on successive frames, each value written

is applied to a single frame; the latency between writing a value and it affecting the

frame readout remains at two frames.

However, when automatic exposure control is disabled, if the integration time is

changed through the two-wire serial interface after the falling edge of FRAME_VALID

for frame n, the first frame output using the new integration time becomes frame

(n + 3).

Figure 20: Latency When Changing Integration

FRAME_VALID

New Integration

Programmed

Int = 200 rows

Int = 300 rows

Actual

Integration

Int = 200 rows

Int = 300 rows

LED_OUT

Image Data

Output image with

Int = 200 rows

Output

image with

Int = 300

rows

Frame Start

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Exposure Indicator

The exposure indicator is controlled by:

R0x1B LED_OUT Control

•

The MT9V022 provides an output pin, LED_OUT, to indicate when the exposure takes

place. When R0x1B bit 0 is clear, LED_OUT is HIGH during exposure. By using R0x1B, bit

1, the polarity of the LED_OUT pin can be inverted.

High Dynamic Range

High dynamic range is controlled by:

•

R0x08 Shutter Width 1

R0x09 Shutter Width 2

R0x0A Shutter Width Control

R0x31–R0x34 V_Step Voltages

In the MT9V022, high dynamic range (that is, R0x0F, bit 6 = 1) is achieved by controlling

the saturation level of the pixel (HDR or high dynamic range gate) during the exposure

period. The sequence of the control voltages at the HDR gate is shown in Figure 21. After

the pixels are reset, the step voltage, V_Step, which is applied to HDR gate, is setup at V1

for integration time t then to V2 for time t , then V3 for time t , and finally it is parked at

1

2

3

V4, which also serves as an antiblooming voltage for the photodetector. This sequence of

voltages leads to a piecewise linear pixel response, illustrated (in approximates) in

Figure 21 on page 26.

Figure 21: Sequence of Control Voltages at the HDR Gate

Exposure

V

AA (3.3V)

V1~1.4V

V2~1.2V

V3~1.0V

^t1

V4~0.8V

HDR

Voltage

^t2

^t3

Figure 22: Sequence of Voltages in a Piecewise Linear Pixel Response

dV3

dV2

dV1

Light Intensity

^1/t1

^1/t2

^1/t3

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

The parameters of the step voltage V_Step which takes values V1, V2, and V3 directly

affect the position of the knee points in Figure 22.

Light intensities work approximately as a reciprocal of the partial exposure time. Typi-

t

cally, 1 is the longest exposure, 2 shorter, and so on. Thus the range of light intensities is

shortest for the first slope, providing the highest sensitivity.

The register settings for V_Step and partial exposures are:

V1 = R0x31, bits 4:0

V2 = R0x32, bits 4:0

V3 = R0x33, bits 4:0

V4 = R0x34, bits 4:0

t

INT = 1 + 2 + 3

There are two ways to specify the knee points timing, the first by manual setting (default)

and the second by automatic knee point adjustment.

When the auto adjust enabler is set to HIGH (LOW by default), the MT9V022 calculates

the knee points automatically using the following equations:

t

1 = INT - 2 - 3

(EQ 1)

(EQ 2)

(EQ 3)

t

R0x0A, bits 3:0

2 = INT x (½)

t

R0x0A, bits 7:4

3 = INT x (½)

t

As a default for auto exposure, 2 is 1/16 of INT, 3 is 1/64 of INT.

t

When the auto adjust enabler is disabled (default), 1, 2, and 3 may be programmed

through the two-wire serial interface:

t

1 = R0x08, bits 14:0

(EQ 4)

t

2 = (R0x09, bits 14:0) - (R0x08, bits 14:0)

(EQ 5)

(EQ 6)

t

3 = INT - 1 - 2

t

INT may be based on the manual setting of R0x0B or the result of the AEC. If the AEC is

enabled then the auto knee adjust must also be enabled.

Variable ADC Resolution

By default, ADC resolution of the sensor is 10-bit. Additionally, a companding scheme of

12-bit into 10-bit is enabled by the R0x1C (28). This mode allows higher ADC resolution

which means less quantization noise at low-light, and lower resolution at high light,

where good ADC quantization is not so critical because of the high level of the photon’s

shot noise.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Figure 23: 12- to 10-Bit Companding Chart

10-bit

Codes

1,024

768

8 to 1 Companding (2,048 256)

4 to 1 Companding (1,536 384)

2 to 1 Companding (256 128)

No companding (256 256)

256 512 1,024 2,048

512

256

12-bit

Codes

4,096

Gain Settings

Changes to Gain Settings

When the digital gain settings (R0x80–R0x98) are changed, the gain is updated on the

next frame start. However, the latency for an analog gain change to take effect depends

on the automatic gain control.

If automatic gain control is enabled (R0xAF, bit 1 is set to HIGH), the gain changed for

frame n first appears in frame (n + 1); if the automatic gain control is disabled, the gain

changed for frame n first appears in frame (n + 2).

Both analog and digital gain change regardless of whether the integration time is also

changed simultaneously.

Figure 24: Latency of Analog Gain Change When AGC Is Disabled

FRAME_VALID

New Gain

Programmed

Gain = 3.0X

Gain = 3.5X

Actual

Gain

Gain = 3.0X

Gain = 3.5X

Image Data

Frame Start

Output image with

Gain = 3.0X

Output

image with

Gain = 3.5X

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Analog Gain

Analog gain is controlled by:

R0x35 Global Gain

•

The formula for gain setting is:

Gain = Bits[6:0] x 0.0625

(EQ 7)

The analog gain range supported in the MT9V022 is 1X–4X with a step size of

6.25 percent. To control gain manually with this register, the sensor must NOT be in AGC

mode. When adjusting the luminosity of an image, it is recommended to alter exposure

first and yield to gain increases only when the exposure value has reached a maximum

limit.

Analog gain = bits (6:0) x 0.0625 for values 16–31

Analog gain = bits (6:0)/2 x 0.125 for values 32–64

For values 16–31: each LSB increases analog gain 0.0625v/v. A value of 16 = 1X gain.

Range: 1X to 1.9375X.

For values 32–64: each 2 LSB increases analog gain 0.125v/v (that is, double the gain

increase for 2 LSB). Range: 2X to 4X. Odd values do not result in gain increases; the gain

increases by 0.125 for values 32, 34, 36, and so on.

Digital Gain

Digital gain is controlled by:

•

R0x99–R0xA4 Tile Coordinates

R0x80–R0x98 Tiled Digital Gain and Weight

In the MT9V022, the image may be divided into 25 tiles, as shown in Figure 25, through

the two-wire serial interface, and apply digital gain individually to each tile.

Figure 25: Tiled Sample

X0/5

Y0/5

X1/5

X2/5 X3/5

X5/5

x0_y0 x1_y0

x4_y0

Y1/5

Y2/5

Y3/5

x0_y1 x1_y1

x4_y1

x0_y2 x1_y2

x0_y3 x1_y3

x4_y2

x4_y3

Y4/5

x0_y4 x1_y4

x4_y4

Y5/5

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Registers 0x99–0x9E and 0x9F–0xA4 represent the coordinates X -X and Y -Y in

0/5 5/5

Figure 25, respectively.

Digital gains of registers 0x80–0x98 apply to their corresponding tiles. The MT9V022

supports a digital gain of 0.25-3.75X.

The formula for digital gain setting is:

Digital Gain = Bits[3:0] x 0.25

(EQ 8)

Black Level Calibration

Black level calibration is controlled by:

•

R0x4C

R0x42

R0x46–R0x48

The MT9V022 has automatic black level calibration on-chip, and if enabled, its result

may be used in the offset correction shown in Figure 26.

Figure 26: Black Level Calibration Flow Chart

Gain Selection

(R0x35 or

result of AGC)

VREF

(R0x2C)

Pixel Output

(reset minus signal)

ADC Data

(9:0)

10 (12) bit ADC

Offset Correction

Voltage (R0x48 or

result of BLC)

C1

Σ

C2

The automatic black level calibration measures the average value of pixels from 2 dark

rows (1 dark row if row bin 4 is enabled) of the chip. (The pixels are averaged as if they

were light-sensitive and passed through the appropriate gain.)

This row average is then digitally low-pass filtered over many frames (R0x47, bits 7:5) to

remove temporal noise and random instabilities associated with this measurement.

Then, the new filtered average is compared to a minimum acceptable level, low

threshold, and a maximum acceptable level, high threshold.

If the average is lower than the minimum acceptable level, the offset correction voltage

is increased by a programmable offset LSB in R0x4C. (Default step size is 2 LSB Offset = 1

ADC LSB at analog gain = 1X.)

If it is above the maximum level, the offset correction voltage is decreased by 2 LSB

(default).

To avoid oscillation of the black level from below to above, the region the thresholds

should be programmed so the difference is at least two times the offset DAC step size.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

In normal operation, the black level calibration value/offset correction value is calcu-

lated at the beginning of each frame and can be read through the two-wire serial inter-

face from R0x48. This register is an 8-bit signed two’s complement value.

However, if R0x47, bit 0 is set to “1,” the calibration value in R0x48 may be manually set

to override the automatic black level calculation result. This feature can be used in

conjunction with the “show dark rows” feature (R0x0D, bit 6) if using an external black

level calibration circuit.

The offset correction voltage is generated according to the following formulas:

Offset Correction Voltage = (8-bit signed two’s complement calibration value,-127 to 127) × 0.5mV

ADC input voltage = (Pixel Output Voltage + Offset Correction Voltage) × Analog Gain

(EQ 9)

(EQ 10)

Row-wise Noise Correction

Row-wise noise correction is controlled by the following registers:

•

R0x70 Row Noise Control

R0x72 Row Noise Constant

R0x73 Dark Column Start

When the row-wise noise cancellation algorithm is enabled, the average value of the

dark columns read out is used as a correction for the whole row. The row-wise correction

is in addition to the general black level correction applied to the whole sensor frame and

cannot be used to replace the latter. The dark average is subtracted from each pixel

belonging to the same row, and then a positive constant is added (R0x72, bits 7:0). This

constant should be set to the dark level targeted by the black level algorithm plus the

noise expected on the measurements of the averaged values from dark columns; it is

meant to prevent clipping from negative noise fluctuations.

Pixel value = ADC value - dark column average + row noise constant

(EQ 11)

On a per-row basis, the dark column average is calculated from a programmable

number of dark columns (pixels) values (R0x70, bits 3:0). The default is 10 dark columns.

Of these, the maximum and minimum values are removed and then the average is calcu-

lated. If R0x70, bits 3:0 are set to “0” (2 pixels), it is essentially equivalent to disabling the

dark average calculation since the average is equal to “0” after the maximum and

minimum values are removed.

R0x73 is used to indicate the starting column address of dark pixels which row-noise

correction algorithm uses for calculation. In the MT9V022, dark columns which may be

used are 759–776. R0x73 is used to select the starting column for the calculation.

One additional note in setting the row-noise correction register:

777 < (R0x73, bits 9:0) + number of dark pixels programmed in R0x70, bits 3:0 -1

(EQ 12)

This is to ensure the column pointer does not go beyond the limit the MT9V022 can

support.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Automatic Gain Control and Automatic Exposure Control

The integrated AEC/AGC unit is responsible for ensuring that optimal auto settings of

exposure and (analog) gain are computed and updated every frame.

AEC and AGC can be individually enabled or disabled by R0xAF. When AEC is disabled

(R0xAF[0] = 0), the sensor uses the manual exposure value in R0x0B. When AGC is

disabled (R0xAF[1] = 0), the sensor uses the manual gain value in R0x35. See ON Semi-

conductor Technical Note TN-09-17, “MT9V022 AEC and AGC Functions,” for further

details.

Figure 27: Controllable and Observable AEC/AGC Registers

EXP. SKIP MANUAL EXP.

AEC ENABLE

(R0xAF[0])

EXP. LPF

(R0xA8)

(R0xA6)

(R0x0B)

To exposure

timing control

MAX. EXPOSURE

0

1

AEC

UNIT

MIN EXP.

AEC

OUTPUT

(R0xBD)

1

R0xBB

HISTOGRAM

GENERATOR

UNIT

DESIRED BIN

(desired luminance)

(R0xA5)

AGC OUTPUT

To analog

gain control

1

0

AGC

UNIT

MIN GAIN

16

MAX. GAIN

(R0x36)

R0xBA

GAIN SKIP MANUAL GAIN AGC ENABLE

(R0xA9) (R0x35) (R0xAF[1])

GAIN LPF

(R0xAB)

The exposure is measured in row-time by reading R0xBB. The exposure range is

1 to 2047. The gain is measured in gain-units by reading R0xBA. The gain range is

16 to 63 (unity gain = 16 gain-units; multiply by 1/16 to get the true gain).

When AEC is enabled (R0xAF[0] = 1), the maximum auto exposure value is limited by

R0xBD; minimum auto exposure is fixed at 1 row.

When AGC is enabled (R0xAF[1] = 1), the maximum auto gain value is limited by R0x36;

minimum auto gain is fixed to 16 gain-units.

The exposure control measures current scene luminosity and desired output luminosity

by accumulating a histogram of pixel values while reading out a frame. The desired

exposure and gain are then calculated from this for subsequent frame.

Pixel Clock Speed

The pixel clock speed is same as the master clock (SYSCLK) at 26.66 MHz by default.

However, when column binning 2 or 4 (R0x0D, bit 2 or 3) is enabled, the pixel clock

speed is reduced by half and one-fourth of the master clock speed respectively. See

“Read Mode Options” on page 34 and “Column Binning” on page 35 for additional infor-

mation.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Hard Reset of Logic

Soft Reset of Logic

The RC circuit for the MT9V022 uses a 10kresistor and a 0.1F capacitor. The rise time

for the RC circuit is 1s maximum.

Soft reset of logic is controlled by:

•

R0x0C Reset

Bit 0 is used to reset the digital logic of the sensor while preserving the existing two-wire

serial interface configuration. Furthermore, by asserting the soft reset, the sensor aborts

the current frame it is processing and starts a new frame. Bit 1 is a shadowed reset

control register bit to explicitly reset the automatic gain and exposure control feature.

These two bits are self-resetting bits and also return to “0” during two-wire serial inter-

face reads.

STANDBY Control

The sensor goes into standby mode by setting STANDBY to HIGH. Once the sensor

detects that STANDBY is asserted, it completes the current frame before disabling the

digital logic, internal clocks, and analog power enable signal. To release the sensor out

from the standby mode, reset STANDBY back to LOW. The LVDS must be powered to

ensure that the device is in standby mode. See "Appendix B – Power-On

Reset and Standby Timing" on page 54 for more information on standby.

Monitor Mode Control

Monitor mode is controlled by:

•

R0x0E Monitor Mode Enable

R0xC0 Monitor Mode Image Capture Control

The sensor goes into monitor mode when R0x0E bit 0 is set to HIGH. In this mode, the

sensor first captures a programmable number of frames (R0xC0), then goes into a sleep

period for five minutes. The cycle of sleeping for five minutes and waking up to capture a

number of frames continues until R0x0E bit 0 is cleared to return to normal operation.

In some applications when monitor mode is enabled, the purpose of capturing frames is

to calibrate the gain and exposure of the scene using automatic gain and exposure

control feature. This feature typically takes less than 10 frames to settle. In case a larger

number of frames is needed, the value of R0xC0 may be increased to capture more

frames.

During the sleep period, none of the analog circuitry and a very small fraction of digital

logic (including a five-minute timer) is powered. The master clock (SYSCLK) is therefore

always required.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Read Mode Options

(Also see “Output Data Format” on page 11 and “Output Data Timing” on page 13.)

Column Flip

By setting bit 5 of R0x0D the readout order of the columns is reversed, as shown in

Figure 28 on page 34.

Row Flip

By setting bit 4 of R0x0D the readout order of the rows is reversed, as shown in Figure 29

on page 34.

Figure 28: Readout of Six Pixels in Normal and Column Flip Output Mode

LINE_VALID

Normal readout

P4,1

(9:0)

P4,2

(9:0)

P4,3

(9:0)

P4,4

(9:0)

P4,5

(9:0)

P4,6

(9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

Reverse readout

OUT(9:0)

P4,n

(9:0)

P4,n-1 P4,n-2 P4,n-3 P4,n-4 P4,n-5

(9:0)

D

Figure 29: Readout of Six Rows in Normal and Row Flip Output Mode

LINE_VALID

Normal readout

Row4

(9:0)

Row5

(9:0)

Row6

(9:0)

Row7

(9:0)

Row8

7(9:0)

Row9

(9:0)

DOUT(9:0)

Reverse readout

Row484 Row483 Row482 Row481 Row480 Row479

(9:0) (9:0) (9:0) (9:0) 7(9:0) (9:0)

DOUT(9:0)

Pixel Binning

In addition to windowing mode in which smaller resolution (CIF, QCIF) is obtained by

selecting small window from the sensor array, the MT9V022 also provides the ability to

show the entire image captured by pixel array with smaller resolution by pixel binning.

Pixel binning is based on combining signals from adjacent pixels by averaging. There are

two options: binning 2 and binning 4. When binning 2 is on, 4 pixel signals from 2 adja-

cent rows and columns are combined. In binning 4 mode, 16 pixels are combined from 4

adjacent rows and columns. The image mode may work in conjunction with image flip.

The binning operation increases SNR but decreases resolution.

Enabling row bin2 and row bin4 improves frame rate by 2x and 4x respectively. The

feature of column binning does not increase the frame rate in less resolution modes.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Row Binning

By setting bit 0 or 1 of R0x0D, only half or one-fourth of the row set is read out, as shown

in figure below. The number of rows read out is half or one-fourth of what is set in R0x03.

Column Binning

In setting bit 2 or 3 of R0x0D, the pixel data rate is slowed down by a factor of either two

or four, respectively. This is due to the overhead time in the digital pixel data processing

chain. As a result, the pixel clock speed is also reduced accordingly.

Figure 30: Readout of 8 Pixels in Normal and Row Bin Output Mode

LINE_VALID

Normal readout

Row4

(9:0)

Row5

(9:0)

Row6

(9:0)

Row7

(9:0)

Row8

(9:0)

Row9 Row10 Row11

(9:0) (9:0) (9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

LINE_VALID

Row Bin 2 readout

Row4

(9:0)

Row6

(9:0)

Row8 Row10

(9:0) (9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

LINE_VALID

Row Bin 4 readout

Row4

(9:0)

Row8

(9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Figure 31: Readout of 8 Pixels in Normal and Column Bin Output Mode

LINE_VALID

Normal readout

D1

(9:0)

D2

(9:0)

D3

(9:0)

D4

(9:0)

D5

(9:0)

D6

(9:0)

D7

(9:0)

D8

(9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

PIXCLK

LINE_VALID

Column Bin 2 readout

D12

(9:0)

D34

(9:0)

D56

(9:0)

D78

(9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

PIXCLK

LINE_VALID

Column Bin 4 readout

d1234

(9:0)

d5678

(9:0)

D

OUT(9:0)

PIXCLK

Interlaced Readout

The MT9V022 has two interlaced readout options. By setting R0x07[2:0] = 1, all the even-

numbered rows are read out first, followed by a number of programmable field blanking

(R0xBF, bits 7:0), and then the odd-numbered rows and finally vertical blanking

(minimum is 4 blanking rows). By setting R0x07[2:0] = 2, only one field is read out;

consequently, the number of rows read out is half what is set in R0x03. The row start

address (R0x02) determines which field gets read out; if the row start address is even, the

even field is read out; if row start address is odd, the odd field is read out.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Figure 32: Spatial Illustration of Interlaced Image Readout

P_4,1P_4,2P_4,3.....................................P_4,n-1P_4,n

P_6,0P_6,1P_6,2.....................................P_6,n-1P_6,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

VALID IMAGE - Even Field

HORIZONTAL

BLANKING

P_m-2,0P_m-2,2.....................................P_m-2,n-2P_m-2,n

P_m,2P_m,2.....................................P_m,n-1P_m,n

00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00

FIELD BLANKING

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

P_5,1P_5,2P_5,3.....................................P_5,n-1P_5,n

P_7,0P_7,1P_7,2.....................................P_7,n-1P_7,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

VALID IMAGE - Odd Field

P_m-3,1P_m-3,2.....................................P_m-3,n-1P_m-3,n

P_m,1P_m,1.....................................P_m,n-1P_m,n

VERTICAL BLANKING

00 00 00 ............................................................................................. 00 00 00

When interlaced mode is enabled, the total number of blanking rows are determined by

both field blanking register (R0xBF) and vertical blanking register (R0x06). The follow-

ings are their equations.

Field Blanking = R0xBF, bits 7:0

Vertical Blanking = R0x06, bits 8:0 -R0xBF, bits 7:0

with

(EQ 13)

(EQ 14)

minimum vertical blanking requirement = 4

(EQ 15)

Similar to progressive scan, FRAME_VALID is logic LOW during the valid image row only.

Binning should not be used in conjunction with interlaced mode.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

LINE_VALID

By setting bit 2 and 3 of R0x74 the LINE_VALID signal can get three different output

formats. The formats for reading out four rows and two vertical blanking rows are shown

in Figure 33. In the last format, the LINE_VALID signal is the XOR between the contin-

uous LINE_VALID signal and the FRAME_VALID signal.

Figure 33: Different LINE_VALID Formats

Default

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

Continuously

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

XOR

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

LVDS Serial (Stand-Alone/Stereo) Output

The LVDS interface allows for the streaming of sensor data serially to a standard off-the-

shelf deserializer up to five meters away from the sensor. The pixels (and controls) are

packeted—12-bit packets for stand-alone mode and 18-bit packets for stereoscopy

mode. All serial signalling (CLK and data) is LVDS. The LVDS serial output could either

be data from a single sensor (stand-alone) or stream-merged data from two sensors (self

and its stereoscopic slave pair). The appendices describe in detail the topologies for

both stand-alone and stereoscopic modes.

There are two standard deserializers that can be used. One for a stand-alone sensor

stream and the other from a stereoscopic stream. The deserializer attached to a stand-

alone sensor is able to reproduce the standard parallel output (8-bit pixel data,

LINE_VALID, FRAME_VALID and PIXCLK). The deserializer attached to a stereoscopic

sensor is able to reproduce 8-bit pixel data from each sensor (with embedded

LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID) and pixel-clk. An additional (simple) piece of logic is

required to extract LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID from the 8-bit pixel data. Irrespec-

tive of the mode (stereoscopy/stand-alone), LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID are always

embedded in the pixel data.

In stereoscopic mode, the two sensors run in lock-step, implying all state machines are

in the same state at any given time. This is ensured by the sensor-pair getting their sys-

clks and sys-resets in the same instance. Configuration writes through the two-wire

serial interface are done in such a way that both sensors can get their configuration

updates at once. The inter-sensor serial link is designed in such a way that once the slave

PLL locks and the data-dly, shft-clk-dly and stream-latency-sel are configured, the

master sensor streams good stereo content irrespective of any variation voltage and/or

temperature as long as it is within specification. The configuration values of data-dly,

shft-clk-dly and stream-latency-sel are either predetermined from the board-layout or

can be empirically determined by reading back the stereo-error flag. This flag gets

asserted when the two sensor streams are not in sync when merged. The combo_reg is

used for out-of-sync diagnosis.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Figure 34: Serial Output Format for a 6x2 Frame

Internal

PIXCLK

Internal

Parallel

Data

P

41

P42

P

43

P44

P45

P46

P51

P52

P53

P54

P55

P56

Internal

Line_Valid

Internal

Frame_Valid

External

Serial

Data Out

1023

0

1023

1

P

41

P42

P43

P44

P45

P46

2

1

P51

P52

P53

P54

P55

P56

3

Notes: 1. External pixel values of 0, 1, 2, 3, are reserved (they only convey control information). Any raw pixel

of value 0, 1, 2 and 3 will be substituted with 4.

2. The external pixel sequence 1023, 0 1023 is a reserved sequence (conveys control information). Any

raw pixel sequence of 1023, 0, 1023 will be substituted with 1023, 4, 1023.

LVDS Output Format

In stand-alone mode, the packet size is 12 bits (2 frame bits and 10 payload bits); 10-bit

pixels or 8-bit pixels can be selected. In 8-bit pixel mode (R0xB6[0] = 0), the packet

consists of a start bit, 8-bit pixel data (with sync codes), the line valid bit, the frame valid

bit and the stop bit. For 10-bit pixel mode (R0xB6[0] = 1), the packet consists of a start

bit, 10-bit pixel data, and the stop bit.

Table 5:

LVDS Packet Format in Stand-Alone Mode

(Stereoscopy Mode Bit De-Asserted)

use_10-bit_pixels Bit De-

Asserted

use_10-bit_pixels Bit Asserted

(10-Bit Mode)

12-Bit Packet

(8-Bit Mode)

Bit[0]

Bit[1]

Bit2]

1'b1 (Start bit)

PixelData[2]

PixelData[3]

PixelData[4]

PixelData[5]

PixelData[6]

PixelData[7]

PixelData[8]

PixelData[9]

Line_Valid

1'b1 (Start bit)

PixelData[0]

PixelData[1]

PixelData[2]

PixelData[3]

PixelData[4]

PixelData[5]

PixelData[6]

PixelData[7]

PixelData[8]

PixelData[9]

1'b0 (Stop bit)

Bit[3]

Bit4]

Bit[5]

Bit[6]

Bit[7]

Bit[8]

Bit[9]

Bit[10]

Bit[11]

Frame_Valid

1'b0 (Stop bit)

In stereoscopic mode (see Figure 47 on page 52), the packet size is 18 bits (2 frame bits

and 16 payload bits). The packet consists of a start bit, the master pixel byte (with sync

codes), the slave byte (with sync codes), and the stop bit.)

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Feature Description

Table 6:

LVDS Packet Format in Stereoscopy Mode (Stereoscopy Mode Bit Asserted)

18-bit Packet

Function

Bit[0]

Bit[1]

1'b1 (Start bit)

MasterSensorPixelData[2]

MasterSensorPixelData[3]

MasterSensorPixelData[4]

MasterSensorPixelData[5]

MasterSensorPixelData[6]

MasterSensorPixelData[7]

MasterSensorPixelData[8]

MasterSensorPixelData[9]

SlaveSensorPixelData[2]

SlaveSensorPixelData[3]

SlaveSensorPixelData[4]

SlaveSensorPixelData[5]

SlaveSensorPixelData[6]

SlaveSensorPixelData[7]

SlaveSensorPixelData[8]

SlaveSensorPixelData[9]

1'b0 (Stop bit)

Bit[2]

Bit[3]

Bit[4]

Bit[5]

Bit[6]

Bit[7]

Bit[8]

Bit[9]

Bit[10]

Bit[11]

Bit[12]

Bit[13]

Bit[14]

Bit[15]

Bit[16]

Bit[17]

Control signals LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID can be reconstructed from their respec-

tive preceding and succeeding flags that are always embedded within the pixel data in

the form of reserved words.

Table 7:

Reserved Words in the Pixel Data Stream

Pixel Data Reserved Word

Flag

0

1

2

3

Precedes frame valid assertion

Precedes line valid assertion

Succeeds line valid de-assertion

Succeeds frame valid de-assertion

When LVDS mode is enabled along with column binning (bin 2 or bin 4, R0x0D[3:2], the

packet size remains the same but the serial pixel data stream repeats itself depending on

whether 2X or 4X binning is set:

•

For bin 2, LVDS outputs double the expected data (pixel 0,0 is output twice in

sequence, followed by pixel 0,1 twice, . . .).

•

For bin 4, LVDS outputs 4 times the expected data (pixel 0,0 is output 4 times in

sequence followed by pixel 0,1 times 4, . . .).

The receiving hardware will need to undersample the output stream getting data either

every 2 clocks (bin 2) or every 4 (bin 4) clocks.

If the sensor provides a pixel whose value is 0,1, 2, or 3 (that is, the same as a reserved

word) then the outgoing serial pixel value is switched to 4.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Table 8:

DC Electrical Characteristics

VPWR = 3.3V 0.3V; T_A= Ambient = 25°C

Symbol

VIH

Definition

Condition

Minimum

VPWR - 0.5

–0.3

Typical Maximum

Unit

Input high voltage

Input low voltage

–

VPWR + 0.3

0.8

V

VIL

V

No pull-up resistor;

VIN = VPWR or VGND

–15.0

15.0

A

IIN

Input leakage current

VOH

Output high voltage

Output low voltage

Output high current

Output low current

Analog power supply

Analog supply current

Digital power supply

Digital supply current

Pixel array power supply

Pixel supply current

LVDS power supply

LVDS supply current

IOH = –4.0mA

VPWR -0.7

–

0.3

–

V

VOL

IOL = 4.0mA

–

–9.0

–

IOH

VOH = VDD - 0.7

VOL = 0.7

–

mA

V

IOL

–

9.0

3.6

60.0

3.6

60

VAA

Default settings

Default settings, CLOAD = 10pF

Default settings

3.0

–

3.3

35.0

3.3

35.0

3.3

1.4

3.3

13.0

3

IPWRA

VDD

mA

V

3.0

–

IPWRD

VAAPIX

IPIX

mA

V

3.0

0.5

3.0

11.0

2

3.6

3.0

3.6

15.0

4

mA

V

VLVDS

ILVDS

mA

A

IPWRA

Standby

Analog standby supply current

STDBY = VDD

IPWRD

Standby

Clock Off

1

–

2

4

–

A

Digital standby supply current

with clock off

STDBY = VDD, CLKIN = 0 MHz

IPWRD

Standby

Clock On

1.05

mA

Digital standby supply current

with clock on

STDBY= VDD, CLKIN = 27 MHz

LVDS Driver DC Specifications

|VOD|

|DVOD|

VOS

Output differential voltage

250

–

400

50

mV

Change in VOD between

complementary output states

RLOAD = 100

Output offset voltage

1.0

–

1.2

–

1.4

35

mV

Change in VOS between

complementary output states

DVOS

  1%

Output current when driver

shorted to ground

10

1

12

10

mA

IOS

IOZ

Output current when driver is tri-

state

A

LVDS Receiver DC Specifications

VIDTH+

Iin

Input differential

Input current

| VGPD| < 925mV

–100

–

100

mV

20

A

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Table 9:

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Caution Stresses greater than those listed may cause permanent damage to the device.

Symbol

Parameter

Power supply voltage (all supplies)

Total power supply current

Total ground current

Minimum

–0.3

–

Maximum

4.5

Unit

V

VSUPPLY

ISUPPLY

IGND

200

mA

V

–

200

VIN

DC input voltage

–0.3

–40

VDD + 0.3

+125

VOUT

DC output voltage

V

1

TSTG

Storage temperature

°C

Notes: 1. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions

above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.

Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect

reliability.

Table 10:

AC Electrical Characteristics

VPWR = 3.3V 0.3V; T_A= Ambient = 25°C; Output Load = 10pF

Symbol

Definition

Input clock frequency

Condition

Minimum

Typical

Maximum

Unit

MHz

%

SYSCLK

Note 1

13.0

45.0

1

26.6

50.0

2

27.0

55.0

5

Clock duty cycle

^tR

Input clock rise time

ns

^tF

Input clock fall time

1

2

5

ns

^tPLHP

^tPD

^tSD

^tHD

^tPFLR

^tPFLF

SYSCLK to PIXCLK propagation delay

PIXCLK to valid DOUT(9:0) propagation delay

Data setup time

CLOAD = 10pF

3

7

11

2

ns

–2

14

–2

0

ns

16

0

–

ns

Data hold time

–

PIXCLK to LINE_VALID propagation delay

PIXCLK to FRAME_VALID propagation delay

CLOAD = 10pF

2

ns

0

2

Notes: 1. The frequency range specified applies only to the parallel output mode of operation.

Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals

The pixel clock is inverted and delayed relative to the master clock. The relative delay

from the master clock (SYSCLK) rising edge to both the pixel clock (PIXCLK) falling edge

and the data output transition is typically 7ns. Note that the falling edge of the pixel

clock occurs at approximately the same time as the data output transitions. See Table 10

for data setup and hold times.

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Electrical Specifications

Propagation Delays for FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID Signals

The LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID signals change on the same rising master clock

edge as the data output. The LINE_VALID goes HIGH on the same rising master clock

edge as the output of the first valid pixel's data and returns LOW on the same master

clock rising edge as the end of the output of the last valid pixel's data.

As shown in the “Output Data Timing” on page 13, FRAME_VALID goes HIGH 143 pixel

clocks before the first LINE_VALID goes HIGH. It returns LOW 23 pixel clocks after the

last LINE_VALID goes LOW.

Figure 35: Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals

t

F

R

SYSCLK

PIXCLK

t

PLH

P

t

PD

t

SD

HD

D

OUT(9:0)

Figure 36: Propagation Delays for FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID Signals

^tPFLR

^tPFLF

PIXCLK

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

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Electrical Specifications

Performance Specifications

Table 11 summarizes the specification for each performance parameter.

Table 11:

Performance Specifications

Parameter

Unit

LSB

%

Minimum

400

Typical

572

Maximum

745

Test Number

Sensitivity

DSNU

1

2

3

4

5

N/A

2.3

7.0

PRNU

N/A

1.3

4.0

Dynamic Range

SNR

dB

52.0

54.4

37.3

N/A

dB

33.0

N/A

Notes: 1. All specifications address operation is at T_A= 25°C ( 3°C) and supply voltage = 3.3V. Image sensor

was tested without a lens. Multiple images were captured and analyzed.

Setup: VDD = VAA = VAAPIX = LVDSVDD = 3.3V. Testing was done with default frame timing and

default register settings, with the exception of AEC/AGC, row noise correction, and auto black level,

which were disabled.

Performance definitions are detailed in the following sections.

Test 1: Sensitivity

A flat-field light source (90 lux, color temperature 4400K, broadband, w/ IR cut filter) is

used as an illumination source. Signals are measured in LSB on the sensor output. A

series of four frames are captured and averaged to obtain a scalar sensitivity output

code.

Test 2: Dark Signal Non-Uniformity (DSNU)

The image sensor is held in the dark. Analog gain is changed to the maximum setting of

4X. Signals are measured in LSB on the sensor output. A series of four frames are

captured and averaged (pixel-by-pixel) into one average frame. DSNU is calculated as

the standard deviation of this average frame.

Test 3: Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU)

A flat-field light source (90 lux, color temperature 4400K, broadband, with IR cut filter) is

used as an illumination source. Signals are measured in LSB on the sensor output. Two

series of four frames are captured and averaged (pixel-by-pixel) into one average frame,

one series is captured under illuminated conditions, and one is captured in the dark.

PRNU is expressed as a percentage relating the standard deviation of the average frames

difference (illuminated frame - dark frame) to the average illumination level:

N_p

1

i – S_darki²

-----

 ^S

illumination

N_p_{i = 1}

(EQ 16)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PRNU = 100 

N_p

1

-----

_illuminationi

 ^S

N_p_{i = 1}

where S

nated frame, S

(i) is the signal measured for the i-th pixel from the average illumi-

(i) is the signal measured for the i-th pixel from the average dark

illumination

dark

frame, and N is the total number of pixels contained in the array.

p

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Electrical Specifications

Test 4: Dynamic Range

A temporal noise measurement is made with the image sensor in the dark and analog

gain changed to the maximum setting of 4X. Signals are measured in LSB on the sensor

output. Two consecutive dark frames are captured. Temporal noise is calculated as the

average pixel value of the difference frame:

N_p

S_1i– S_2i²



i = 1

_i= ------------------------------------

(EQ 17)

2  N_p

Where S is the signal measured for the i-th pixel from the first frame, S is the signal

1i

2i

measured for the i-th pixel from the second frame, and N is the total number of pix-

p

els contained in the array.

The dynamic range is calculated according to the following formula:

4  1022

--------------------

DynamicRange = 20  log

(EQ 18)

_t

Where  is the temporal noise measured in the dark at 4X gain.

t

Test 5: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

A flat-field light source (90 lux, color temperature 4400K, broadband, with IR cut filter) is

used as an illumination source. Signals are measured in LSB on the sensor output. Two

consecutive illuminated frames are captured. Temporal noise is calculated as the

average pixel value of the difference frame (according to the formula shown in Test 4).

The signal-to-noise ratio is calculated as the ratio of the average signal level to the

temporal noise according to the following formula:

N_p











_^_ ^S

 N

¹ⁱ ^p

_{i = 1}



-------------------------------------

Signal – to – Noise – Ratio = 20  log

(EQ 19)

_t

Where  is the temporal noise measured from the illuminated frames, S is the signal

t

1i

measured for the i-th pixel from the first frame, and N is the total number of pixels

p

contained in the array.

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Electrical Specifications

Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing

The two-wire serial bus operation requires certain minimum master clock cycles

between transitions. These are specified in the following diagrams in master clock

cycles.

Figure 37: Serial Host Interface Start Condition Timing

4

SCLK

SDATA

Figure 38: Serial Host Interface Stop Condition Timing

4

SCLK

SDATA

Notes: 1. All timing are in units of master clock cycle.

Figure 39: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Write

4

SCLK

SDATA

Notes: 1. SDATA is driven by an off-chip transmitter.

Figure 40: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Read

5

SCLK

SDATA

Notes: 1. SDATA is pulled LOW by the sensor, or allowed to be pulled HIGH by a pull-up resistor off-chip.

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Electrical Specifications

Figure 41: Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit WRITE to the Sensor

6

3

SCLK

Sensor pulls down

DATA pin

S

DATA

Figure 42: Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit READ from the Sensor

7

6

SCLK

S^DATA

Sensor tri-states S^DATApin

(turns off pull down)

Note:

After a READ, the master receiver must pull down SDATA to acknowledge receipt of data bits. When

read sequence is complete, the master must generate a “No Acknowledge” by leaving SDATA to

float HIGH. On the following cycle, a start or stop bit may be used.

Temperature Reference

The MT9V022 contains a temperature reference circuit that can be used to measure rela-

tive temperatures. Contact your ON Semiconductor field applications engineer (FAE) for

more information on using this circuit.

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Electrical Specifications

Figure 43: Typical Quantum Efficiency—Color

Blue

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

Green (B)

Green (R)

Red

0

350

450

550

650

750

850

950

1050

Wavelength (nm)

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Figure 44: Typical Quantum Efficiency—Monochrome

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

350

450

550

650

750

850

950

1050

Wavelength (nm)

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Package Dimensions

Figure 45: 52-Ball IBGA

0.90

(for reference only)

D

Seating

plane

A

0.40

0.10 A

(for reference only)

0.375 ±0.050

0.525 ±0.050

0.125 (for reference only)

52X Ø0.55

7.00

1.00 TYP

Ball A8

Dimensions apply

Ball A1

Fuses

to solder balls post

5.50

reflow. The pre-

reflow ball is Ø0.50

on a Ø0.4 NSMD

ball pad.

Ball A1 ID

1.849

First

clear

pixel

C

L

1.999

3.50

4.90

C

2.88 CTR

Ø0.15 C B

7.00

C

L

9.000 ±0.075

L

A

1.00 TYP

Optical

area

Optical

center

C

L

4.512 CTR

C

9.000 ±0.075

B

Ø0.15

A B C

Maximum rotation of optical area relative to package edges: 1º

Solder ball material: 96.5% Sn, 3% Ag, 0.5% Cu

Maximum tilt of optical area relative to package edge D : 50 microns.

Maximum tilt of optical area relative to top of cover glass: 50 microns.

Substrate material: plastic laminate

Encapsulant: epoxy

Lid material: borosilicate glass 0.40 thickness

Image sensor die

Notes: 1. All dimensions in millimeters.

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MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A – Serial Configurations

With the LVDS serial video output, the deserializer can be up to 8 meters from the

sensor. The serial link can save on the cabling cost of 14 wires (D^OUT[9:0], LINE_VALID,

FRAME_VALID, PIXCLK, GND). Instead, just 3 wires (2 serial LVDS, 1 GND) are sufficient

to carry the video signal.

Configuration of Sensor for Stand-Alone Serial Output with Internal PLL

In this configuration, the internal PLL generates the shift-clk (x12). The LVDS pins SER_-

DATAOUT_P and SER_DATAOUT_N must be connected to a deserializer (clocked at

approximately the same system clock frequency).

Figure 46 shows how a standard off-the-shelf deserializer (National Semiconductor

DS92LV1212A) can be used to retrieve the standard parallel video signals of D^OUT(9:0),

LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID.

Figure 46: Stand-Alone Topology

26.6 MHz

Osc.

CLK

LVDS

SER_DATAIN

Sensor

LVDS

BYPASS_CLKIN

LVDS

SHIFT_CLKOUT

LVDS

SER_DATAOUT

8 meters (maximum)

26.6 MHz

Osc.

DS92LV1212A

8

2

PIXEL LINE_VALID

FRAME_VALID

8-bit configuration shown

Typical configuration of the sensor:

1. Power-up sensor.

2. Enable LVDS driver (set R0xB3[4]= 0).

3. De-assert LVDS power-down (set R0xB1[1] = 0.

4. Issue a soft reset (set R0x0C[0] = 1 followed by R0x0C[0] = 0.

If necessary:

5. Force sync patterns for the deserializer to lock (set R0xB5[0] = 1).

6. Stop applying sync patterns (set R0xB5[0] = 0).

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

51

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A – Serial Configurations

Configuration of Sensor for Stereoscopic Serial Output with Internal PLL

In this configuration the internal PLL generates the shift-clk (x18) in phase with the

system-clock. The LVDS pins SER_DATAOUT_P and SER_DATAOUT_N must be

connected to a deserializer (clocked at approximately the same system clock frequency).

Figure 47 shows how a standard off-the-shelf deserializer can be used to retrieve back

D^OUT(9:2) for both the master and slave sensors. Additional logic is required to extract

out LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID embedded within the pixel data stream.

Figure 47: Stereoscopic Topology

SLAVE

MASTER

26.6 MHz

Osc.

LVDS

SER_DATAIN

LVDS

SER_DATAIN

SENSOR

LVDS

BYPASS_CLKIN

X18/X12 PLL

LVDS

SHIFT_CLKOUT

LVDS

SHIFT_CLKOUT

LVDS

SER_DATAOUT

LVDS

SER_DATAOUT

5 meters (maximum)

1. PLL in non-bypass mode

1. PLL in bypass mode

2. PLL in x 18 mode (stereoscopy)

26.6 MHz

Osc.

DS92LV16

8

PIXEL

FROM

SLAVE

PIXEL

FROM

MASTER

LV and FV are embedded in the data stream

Typical configuration of the master and slave sensors:

1. Power up the sensors.

2. Broadcast WRITE to de-assert LVDS power-down (set R0xB1[1] = 0).

3. Individual WRITE to master sensor putting its internal PLL into bypass mode (set

R0xB1[0] = 1).

4. Broadcast WRITE to both sensors to set the stereoscopy bit (set R0x07[5] = 1).

5. Make sure all resolution, vertical blanking, horizontal blanking, window size, and

AEC/AGC configurations are done through broadcast WRITE to maintain lockstep.

6. Broadcast WRITE to enable LVDS driver (set R0xB3[4] = 0).

7. Broadcast WRITE to enable LVDS receiver (set R0xB2[4] = 0).

8. Individual WRITE to master sensor, putting its internal PLL into bypass mode (set

R0xB1[0] = 1).

9. Individual WRITE to slave sensor, enabling its internal PLL (set R0xB1[0] = 0).

10. Individual WRITE to slave sensor, setting it as a stereo slave (set R0x07[6] = 1).

11. Individual WRITEs to master sensor to minimize the inter-sensor skew (set

R0xB2[2:0], R0xB3[2:0], and R0xB4[1:0] appropriately). Use R0xB7 and R0xB8 to get

lockstep feedback from stereo_error_flag.

12. Broadcast WRITE to issue a soft reset (set R0x0C[0] = 1 followed by R0x0C[0] = 0).

Note:

The stereo_error_flag is set if a mismatch has occurred at a reserved byte (slave and

master sensor’s codes at this reserved byte must match). If the flag is set, steps 11 and

12 are repeated until the stereo_error_flag remains cleared.

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

52

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A – Serial Configurations

Broadcast and Individual Writes for Stereoscopic Topology

In stereoscopic mode, the two sensors are required to run in lockstep. This implies that

control logic in each sensor is in exactly the same state as its pair on every clock. To

ensure this, all inputs that affect control logic must be identical and arrive at the same

time at each sensor.

These inputs include:

•

system clock

system reset

two-wire serial interface clk - SCL

two-wire serial interface data - SDA

Figure 48: Two-Wire Serial Interface Configuration in Stereoscopic Mode

L

26.6 MHz

Osc.

L

S_CTRL_ADR[0]

CLK

S_CTRL_ADR[0]

CLK

SLAVE

SENSOR

MASTER

SENSOR

CLK

SCL

SDA

SCL

SDA

HOST

SCL

SDA

Host launches SCL and SDA on positive

edge of SYSCLK.

All system clock lengths (L) must be equal.

SCL and SDA lengths to each sensor (from the host) must also be equal.

The setup in Figure 48 shows how the two sensors can maintain lockstep when their

configuration registers are written through the two-wire serial interface. A WRITE to

configuration registers would either be broadcast (simultaneous WRITES to both

sensors) or individual (WRITE to just one sensor at a time). READs from configuration

registers would be individual (READs from just one sensor at a time).

One of the two serial interface slave address bits of the sensor is hardwired. The other is

controlled by the host. This allows the host to perform either a broadcast or a one-to-

one access.

Broadcast WRITES are performed by setting the same S_CTRL_ADR input bit for both

slave and master sensor. Individual WRITES are performed by setting opposite

S_CTRL_ADR input bit for both slave and master sensor. Similarly, individual READs are

performed by setting opposite S_CTRL_ADR input bit for both slave and master sensor.

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

53

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix B – Power-On Reset and Standby Timing

Reset, Clocks, and Standby

There are no constraints concerning the order in which the various power supplies are

applied; however, the MT9V022 requires reset in order operate properly at power-up.

Refer to Figure 49 for the power-up, reset, and standby sequences.

Figure 49: Power-up, Reset, Clock and Standby Sequence

non-Low-Power

Active

Low-Power

Standby

non-Low-Power

Wake

up

Power

down

Power

up

Active

Pre-Standby

V

DD

,

V

DDLVDS,

V

AA

, VAAPIX

MIN 20 SYSCLK cycles

RESET#

Note 3

STANDBY

SYSCLK

MIN 10 SYSCLK cycles

SCLK

,

S

DATA

Does not

respond to

serial

Two-Wire Serial I/F

interface

when

STANDBY = 1

D

OUT[9:0]

D

OUT[9:0]

Driven = 0

DATA OUTPUT

Notes: 1. All output signals are defined during initial power-up with RESET# held LOW without SYSCLK being

active. To properly reset the rest of the sensor, during initial power-up, assert RESET# (set to LOW

state) for at least 750ns after all power supplies have stabilized and SYSCLK is active (being

clocked). Driving RESET# to LOW state does not put the part in a low power state.

2. Before using two-wire serial interface, wait for 10 SYSCLK rising edges after RESET# is de-asserted.

3. Once the sensor detects that STANDBY has been asserted, it completes the current frame readout

before entering standby mode. The user must supply enough SYSCLKs to allow a complete frame

readout. See Table 2, “Frame Time,” on page 13 for more information.

4. In standby, all video data and synchronization output signals are High-Z.

5. In standby, the two-wire serial interface is not active.

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

54

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix B – Power-On Reset and Standby Timing

Standby Assertion Restrictions

STANDBY cannot be asserted at any time. If STANDBY is asserted during a specific

window within the vertical blanking period, the MT9V022 may enter a permanent

standby state. This window (that is, dead zone) occurs prior to the beginning of the new

frame readout. The permanent standby state is identified by the absence of the

FRAME_VALID signal on frame readouts. Issuing a hardware reset (RESET# set to LOW

state) will return the image sensor to default startup conditions.

This dead zone can be avoided by:

1. Asserting STANDBY during the valid frame readout time (FRAME_VALID is HIGH)

and maintaining STANDBY assertion for a minimum of one frame period.

2. Asserting STANDBY at the end of valid frame readout (falling edge of FRAME_VALID)

and maintaining STANDBY assertion for a minimum of [5 + R0x06] row-times.

When STANDBY is asserted during the vertical blanking period (FRAME_VALID is LOW),

the STANDBY signal must not change state between [Vertical Blanking Register (R0x06) -

5] row-times and [Vertical Blanking Register + 5] row-times after the falling edge of

FRAME_VALID.

Figure 50: STANDBY Restricted Location

Dead Zone

10 row-times

5 row-times

FRAME_VALID

Vertical Blanking Period

(R0x06) row-times

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

55

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Revision History

Rev. L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6/10/15

Updated “Ordering Information” on page 2

•

Rev. K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4/16/15

Updated “Ordering Information” on page 2

•

Rev. J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3/30/15

•

Converted to ON Semiconductor template

Updated trademarks

Rev. H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/10

Updated to non-confidential

•

Rev. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/10

Updated to Aptina template

•

Rev. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12/06

•

Changed description text in Table 1 on page 8, row H5, to "Error detected. Directly

connected to STEREO ERROR FLAG."

•

Changed text in “Automatic Black Level Calibration” on page 11

Changed “writing (or reading) the least significant 8 bits to R0x80 (128)” on page 15 to

“writing (or reading) the least significant 8 bits to R0xF0 (240)”

•

Changed “the special register address (R0xF1)” on page 18 to “the special register

address (R0xF0)”

Changed wording in Table 7 on page 15 row 0x00, on page 23 row 0xFF, and in Table 8

on page 19 row 0x00/0xFF from “Rev1,” etc. to “Iter1”, etc.

•

Updated legal values for R0x08, R0x09, R0x0B in Table 8 on page 19

Updated Figure 24: “Latency of Analog Gain Change When AGC Is Disabled,” on

page 28

•

Changed signal name in Table 9 on page 42 in Maximum column, Vin and Vout rows,

from VddQ to Vdd

Moved “Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals” up to follow Table 10

on page 42

•

Added section on “Performance Specifications” on page 44

Updated Figure 45 “52-Ball IBGA” on page 50

Updated Figure 46: “Stand-Alone Topology,” on page 51

Rev. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/06

•

Added "Automatic Black Level Calibration" on page 11

Updated Table 8, “Register Descriptions,” on page 19 (R0x73[9:0])

Updated "Automatic Gain Control and Automatic Exposure Control" on page 32

Updated "Row-wise Noise Correction" on page 31

Updated Table 10, “AC Electrical Characteristics,” on page 42

Updated "Appendix A – Serial Configurations" on page 51

Updated "Configuration of Sensor for Stand-Alone Serial Output with Internal PLL"

on page 51

•

Updated Figure 46, Stand-Alone Topology, on page 51

Updated "Configuration of Sensor for Stereoscopic Serial Output with Internal PLL"

on page 52

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

56

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Revision History

•

Updated Figure 47, Stereoscopic Topology, on page 52

Rev. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12/05

•

Added lead-free part numbers, page 1

Added three notes to Table 1, “Ball Descriptions,” on page 8

Updated Figure 3, Typical Configuration (Connection)—Parallel Output Mode, on

page 9

•

Updated Table 7, “Default Register Descriptions,” on page 15. Updated Registers 0x00,

0x0D, 0xF0, 0xF1 and 0xFF. Updated Registers 0x10, 0x15, 0x20 and 0xC2 with Rev 3

default values.

Updated Table 8, “Register Descriptions,” on page 19

0x00, 0xFF – Chip Version: added Rev 1, 2, and 3 values

0x06 – Vertical Blank: minimum number is 4

0x07 – Chip Control bit 5 - PLL generates 480 MHz clock

0x0D – Added reserve bits [9:8]

0x35 – Added calculation for lower and upper register ranges

0xF0 – Bytewise Address register corrected

•

Added "Simultaneous Master Mode" on page 20

Added "Sequential Master Mode" on page 21

Updated "Snapshot Mode" on page 21

Updated "Slave Mode" on page 22

Updated "Pixel Clock Speed" on page 32

Added "Hard Reset of Logic" on page 33

Updated Table 8, “DC Electrical Characteristics,” on page 41

Added Table 9, “Absolute Maximum Ratings,” on page 42

Updated Figure 35, Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals, on page 43

Updated "Appendix A – Serial Configurations" on page 51

Updated Figure 46, Stand-Alone Topology, on page 51

Updated Figure 47, Stereoscopic Topology, on page 52

Added "Appendix B – Power-On Reset and Standby Timing" on page 54

Rev. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9/05

•

Several text changes

Corrected steps in “Configuration of Sensor for Stereoscopic Serial Output with

Internal PLL” on page 52

Rev. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/05

•

Updated part number and header on each page

Updated Table 1, “Key Performance Parameters,” on page 1 (Power Consumption).

Updated Figure 1, Block Diagram, on page 6; Update “General Description” on page 6

Updated Table 1, “Ball Descriptions,” on page 8

Updated Table 7, “Default Register Descriptions,” on page 15 (0xBE - Reserved)

Updated Table 8, “Register Descriptions,” on page 19 (R0x7F, R0x07[1:0], R0xB2[4],

0xB3[4], 0xBA, remove 0xBE)

•

Updated “Pixel Integration Control” on page 24

Updated Table 8, “DC Electrical Characteristics,” on page 41

Updated Table 10, “AC Electrical Characteristics,” on page 42

Replaced “Thermometer” section and figure with section titled “Temperature Refer-

ence” on page 47

•

Added Figure 45, 52-Ball IBGA, on page 50

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

57

MT9V022: 1/3-Inch Wide-VGA Digital Image Sensor

Revision History

Rev. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2/05

•

Initial release

ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. SCILLC owns the

rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/

Patent-Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its

products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including

without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications

and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey

any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body,

or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.

Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and

distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such

unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.

MT9V022_DS Rev. L 6/15 EN

58


型号：	MT9V022IA7ATC-DR1
厂家：	ONSEMI
描述：	CMOS 图像传感器，数字型，全局快门，VGA，1/3" 传感器图像传感器
文件：	总58页 (文件大小：1551K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

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