C8051F511-IM [SILICON]
Mixed Signal ISP Flash MCU Family; 混合信号ISP功能的Flash MCU系列
| 型号： | C8051F511-IM |
| 厂家： | 
SILICON |
| 描述： | Mixed Signal ISP Flash MCU Family |
| 文件： | 总312页 (文件大小：2813K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
C8051F50x-F51x
Mixed Signal ISP Flash MCU Family
Analog Peripherals
-
12-Bit ADC
•
•
Up to 200 ksps
Up to 32 external single-ended inputs
VREF from on-chip VREF, external pin or VDD
Internal or external start of conversion source
Built-in temperature sensor
•
•
•
-
Two Comparators
•
•
•
Programmable hysteresis and response time
Configurable as interrupt or reset source
Low current
On-Chip Debug
-
-
-
-
On-chip debug circuitry facilitates full speed, non-
intrusive in-system debug (no emulator required)
Provides breakpoints, single stepping,
inspect/modify memory and registers
Superior performance to emulation systems using
ICE-chips, target pods, and sockets
Low cost, complete development kit
Supply Voltage 1.8 to 5.25 V
-
Typical operating current: 19 mA at 50 MHz;
-
Typical stop mode current: 2 µA
High-Speed 8051 µC Core
-
Pipelined instruction architecture; executes 70% of
instructions in 1 or 2 system clocks
-
-
Up to 50 MIPS throughput with 50 MHz clock
Expanded interrupt handler
-
-
-
48-Pin QFP/QFN (C8051F500/1/4/5)
40-Pin QFN (C8051F508/9-F510/1)
32-Pin QFP/QFN (C8051F502/3/6/7)
Automotive Qualified
-
Temperature Range: –40 to +125 °C
-
Compliant to AEC-Q100
ANALOG
PERIPHERALS
DIGITAL I/O
Ports 0-4
Crossbar
UART 0
SMBus
SPI
A
12-bit
200 ksps
ADC
TEMP
SENSOR
M
U
X
External
Memory
Interface
PCA
Timers 0-3
CAN
VREG
Voltage
LIN
Comparators 0-1
VREF
24 MHz PRECISION
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
2x Clock Multiplier
HIGH-SPEED CONTROLLER CORE
64 kB
ISP FLASH
FLEXIBLE
INTERRUPTS
8051 CPU
(50 MIPS)
DEBUG
4 kB XRAM
POR WDT
CIRCUITRY
Rev. 1.1 3/10
Copyright © 2010 by Silicon Laboratories
C8051F500/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9-F510/1
C8051F50x-F51x
2
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table of Contents
1. System Overview ..................................................................................................... 16
2. Ordering Information............................................................................................... 20
3. Pin Definitions.......................................................................................................... 22
4. Package Specifications........................................................................................... 30
4.1. QFP-48 Package Specifications........................................................................ 30
4.2. QFN-48 Package Specifications........................................................................ 32
4.3. QFN-40 Package Specifications........................................................................ 34
4.4. QFP-32 Package Specifications........................................................................ 36
4.5. QFN-32 Package Specifications........................................................................ 38
5. Electrical Characteristics........................................................................................ 40
5.1. Absolute Maximum Specifications..................................................................... 40
5.2. Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................... 41
6. 12-Bit ADC (ADC0)................................................................................................... 52
6.1. Modes of Operation........................................................................................... 53
6.1.1. Starting a Conversion................................................................................ 53
6.1.2. Tracking Modes......................................................................................... 53
6.1.3. Timing ....................................................................................................... 54
6.1.4. Burst Mode................................................................................................ 55
6.2. Output Code Formatting.................................................................................... 57
6.2.1. Settling Time Requirements...................................................................... 57
6.3. Selectable Gain ................................................................................................. 58
6.3.1. Calculating the Gain Value........................................................................ 58
6.3.2. Setting the Gain Value .............................................................................. 60
6.4. Programmable Window Detector....................................................................... 66
6.4.1. Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode .................................................. 68
6.5. ADC0 Analog Multiplexer .................................................................................. 70
7. Temperature Sensor................................................................................................ 72
8. Voltage Reference.................................................................................................... 73
9. Comparators............................................................................................................. 75
9.1. Comparator Multiplexer ..................................................................................... 81
10. Voltage Regulator (REG0)..................................................................................... 84
11. CIP-51 Microcontroller........................................................................................... 86
11.1. Performance.................................................................................................... 86
11.2. Instruction Set.................................................................................................. 88
11.2.1. Instruction and CPU Timing .................................................................... 88
11.3. CIP-51 Register Descriptions .......................................................................... 92
11.4. Serial Number Special Function Registers (SFRs) ......................................... 96
12. Memory Organization ............................................................................................ 97
12.1. Program Memory............................................................................................. 98
12.1.1. MOVX Instruction and Program Memory ................................................ 98
12.2. Data Memory................................................................................................... 98
12.2.1. Internal RAM ........................................................................................... 98
12.2.1.1. General Purpose Registers ............................................................ 99
12.2.1.2. Bit Addressable Locations .............................................................. 99
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C8051F50x-F51x
12.2.1.3. Stack ............................................................................................ 99
13. Special Function Registers................................................................................. 100
13.1. SFR Paging ................................................................................................... 100
13.2. Interrupts and SFR Paging............................................................................ 100
13.3. SFR Page Stack Example............................................................................. 101
14. Interrupts .............................................................................................................. 117
14.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors.............................................................. 117
14.1.1. Interrupt Priorities.................................................................................. 118
14.1.2. Interrupt Latency ................................................................................... 118
14.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions...................................................................... 120
14.3. External Interrupts INT0 and INT1................................................................. 126
15. Flash Memory....................................................................................................... 129
15.1. Programming The Flash Memory.................................................................. 129
15.1.1. Flash Lock and Key Functions.............................................................. 129
15.1.2. Flash Erase Procedure ......................................................................... 129
15.1.3. Flash Write Procedure .......................................................................... 130
15.1.4. Flash Write Optimization....................................................................... 130
15.2. Non-volatile Data Storage ............................................................................. 131
15.3. Security Options ............................................................................................ 131
15.4. Flash Write and Erase Guidelines................................................................. 133
15.4.1. V Maintenance and the V monitor ................................................ 133
DD
DD
15.4.2. PSWE Maintenance.............................................................................. 133
15.4.3. System Clock ........................................................................................ 134
16. Power Management Modes................................................................................. 138
16.1. Idle Mode....................................................................................................... 138
16.2. Stop Mode ..................................................................................................... 139
16.3. Suspend Mode .............................................................................................. 139
17. Reset Sources...................................................................................................... 141
17.1. Power-On Reset............................................................................................ 142
17.2. Power-Fail Reset/VDD Monitor ..................................................................... 142
17.3. External Reset............................................................................................... 144
17.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset ....................................................................... 144
17.5. Comparator0 Reset ....................................................................................... 145
17.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset ......................................................................... 145
17.7. Flash Error Reset .......................................................................................... 145
17.8. Software Reset.............................................................................................. 145
18. External Data Memory Interface and On-Chip XRAM....................................... 147
18.1. Accessing XRAM........................................................................................... 147
18.1.1. 16-Bit MOVX Example .......................................................................... 147
18.1.2. 8-Bit MOVX Example ............................................................................ 147
18.2. Configuring the External Memory Interface................................................... 148
18.3. Port Configuration.......................................................................................... 148
18.4. Multiplexed and Non-multiplexed Selection................................................... 153
18.4.1. Multiplexed Configuration...................................................................... 153
18.4.2. Non-multiplexed Configuration.............................................................. 154
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C8051F50x-F51x
18.5. Memory Mode Selection................................................................................ 155
18.5.1. Internal XRAM Only .............................................................................. 155
18.5.2. Split Mode without Bank Select............................................................. 155
18.5.3. Split Mode with Bank Select.................................................................. 156
18.5.4. External Only......................................................................................... 156
18.6. Timing .......................................................................................................... 156
18.6.1. Non-Multiplexed Mode .......................................................................... 158
18.6.1.1. 16-bit MOVX: EMI0CF[4:2] = 101, 110, or 111............................. 158
18.6.1.2. 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 101 or 111....... 159
18.6.1.3. 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 110 ....................... 160
18.6.2. Multiplexed Mode.................................................................................. 161
18.6.2.1. 16-bit MOVX: EMI0CF[4:2] = 001, 010, or 011............................. 161
18.6.2.2. 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 001 or 011....... 162
18.6.2.3. 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 010 ....................... 163
19. Oscillators and Clock Selection ......................................................................... 165
19.1. System Clock Selection................................................................................. 165
19.2. Programmable Internal Oscillator.................................................................. 167
19.2.1. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode......................................................... 167
19.3. Clock Multiplier .............................................................................................. 170
19.4. External Oscillator Drive Circuit..................................................................... 172
19.4.1. External Crystal Example...................................................................... 174
19.4.2. External RC Example............................................................................ 175
19.4.3. External Capacitor Example.................................................................. 175
20. Port Input/Output ................................................................................................. 177
20.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation.......................................................................... 178
20.1.1. Port Pins Configured for Analog I/O...................................................... 178
20.1.2. Port Pins Configured For Digital I/O...................................................... 178
20.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O in a Multi-Voltage System ...................................... 179
20.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog and Digital Functions............................... 179
20.2.1. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog Functions ........................................ 179
20.2.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Digital Functions.......................................... 179
20.2.3. Assigning Port I/O Pins to External Digital Event Capture Functions ... 180
20.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder ............................................................................. 180
20.4. Port I/O Initialization ...................................................................................... 182
20.5. Port Match ..................................................................................................... 187
20.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O ............. 191
21. Local Interconnect Network (LIN)....................................................................... 201
21.1. Software Interface with the LIN Controller..................................................... 202
21.2. LIN Interface Setup and Operation................................................................ 202
21.2.1. Mode Definition ..................................................................................... 202
21.2.2. Baud Rate Options: Manual or Autobaud ............................................. 202
21.2.3. Baud Rate Calculations: Manual Mode................................................. 202
21.2.4. Baud Rate Calculations—Automatic Mode........................................... 204
21.3. LIN Master Mode Operation .......................................................................... 205
21.4. LIN Slave Mode Operation ............................................................................ 206
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5
C8051F50x-F51x
21.5. Sleep Mode and Wake-Up ............................................................................ 207
21.6. Error Detection and Handling ........................................................................ 207
21.7. LIN Registers................................................................................................. 208
21.7.1. LIN Direct Access SFR Registers Definitions ....................................... 208
21.7.2. LIN Indirect Access SFR Registers Definitions..................................... 210
22. Controller Area Network (CAN0) ........................................................................ 218
22.1. Bosch CAN Controller Operation................................................................... 219
22.1.1. CAN Controller Timing .......................................................................... 219
22.1.2. CAN Register Access............................................................................ 220
22.1.3. Example Timing Calculation for 1 Mbit/Sec Communication ................ 220
22.2. CAN Registers............................................................................................... 222
22.2.1. CAN Controller Protocol Registers........................................................ 222
22.2.2. Message Object Interface Registers..................................................... 222
22.2.3. Message Handler Registers.................................................................. 222
22.2.4. CAN Register Assignment .................................................................... 223
23. SMBus................................................................................................................... 226
23.1. Supporting Documents.................................................................................. 227
23.2. SMBus Configuration..................................................................................... 227
23.3. SMBus Operation .......................................................................................... 227
23.3.1. Transmitter vs. Receiver ....................................................................... 228
23.3.2. Arbitration.............................................................................................. 228
23.3.3. Clock Low Extension............................................................................. 228
23.3.4. SCL Low Timeout.................................................................................. 228
23.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout ......................................................... 229
23.4. Using the SMBus........................................................................................... 229
23.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register.............................................................. 229
23.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register .................................................................... 233
23.4.3. Data Register ........................................................................................ 236
23.5. SMBus Transfer Modes................................................................................. 236
23.5.1. Write Sequence (Master) ...................................................................... 237
23.5.2. Read Sequence (Master)...................................................................... 238
23.5.3. Write Sequence (Slave) ........................................................................ 239
23.5.4. Read Sequence (Slave)........................................................................ 240
23.6. SMBus Status Decoding................................................................................ 240
24. UART0................................................................................................................... 243
24.1. Baud Rate Generator .................................................................................... 243
24.2. Data Format................................................................................................... 245
24.3. Configuration and Operation ......................................................................... 246
24.3.1. Data Transmission ................................................................................ 246
24.3.2. Data Reception ..................................................................................... 246
24.3.3. Multiprocessor Communications........................................................... 247
25. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) ..................................................... 252
25.1. Signal Descriptions........................................................................................ 253
25.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI)................................................................. 253
25.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO)................................................................. 253
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C8051F50x-F51x
25.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK) ................................................................................ 253
25.1.4. Slave Select (NSS) ............................................................................... 253
25.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation........................................................................ 254
25.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation.......................................................................... 256
25.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources .................................................................................. 256
25.5. Serial Clock Phase and Polarity .................................................................... 257
25.6. SPI Special Function Registers..................................................................... 258
26. Timers ................................................................................................................... 265
26.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1 ...................................................................................... 267
26.1.1. Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer ............................................................... 267
26.1.2. Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer ............................................................... 268
26.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload..................................... 268
26.1.4. Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)................................ 269
26.2. Timer 2 .......................................................................................................... 275
26.2.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload............................................................... 275
26.2.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload............................................................... 275
26.2.3. External Oscillator Capture Mode ......................................................... 276
26.3. Timer 3 .......................................................................................................... 281
26.3.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload............................................................... 281
26.3.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload............................................................... 281
26.3.3. External Oscillator Capture Mode ......................................................... 282
27. Programmable Counter Array............................................................................. 287
27.1. PCA Counter/Timer ....................................................................................... 288
27.2. PCA0 Interrupt Sources................................................................................. 289
27.3. Capture/Compare Modules ........................................................................... 289
27.3.1. Edge-triggered Capture Mode............................................................... 290
27.3.2. Software Timer (Compare) Mode.......................................................... 291
27.3.3. High-Speed Output Mode ..................................................................... 292
27.3.4. Frequency Output Mode ....................................................................... 293
27.3.5. 8-bit, 9-bit, 10-bit and 11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Modes ................. 294
27.3.5.1. 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode................................................ 294
27.3.5.2. 9/10/11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode...................................... 295
27.3.6. 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode...................................................... 296
27.4. Watchdog Timer Mode .................................................................................. 297
27.4.1. Watchdog Timer Operation................................................................... 297
27.4.2. Watchdog Timer Usage ........................................................................ 298
27.5. Register Descriptions for PCA0..................................................................... 300
28. C2 Interface .......................................................................................................... 306
28.1. C2 Interface Registers................................................................................... 306
28.2. C2 Pin Sharing .............................................................................................. 309
29. Document Change List........................................................................................ 310
Contact Information................................................................................................... 312
Rev. 1.1
7
C8051F50x-F51x
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. C8051F500/1/4/5 Block Diagram .......................................................... 17
Figure 1.2. C8051F508/9-F510/1 Block Diagram .................................................... 18
Figure 1.3. C8051F502/3/6/7 Block Diagram .......................................................... 19
Figure 3.1. QFP-48 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ...................................................... 25
Figure 3.2. QFN-48 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ..................................................... 26
Figure 3.3. QFN-40 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ..................................................... 27
Figure 3.4. QFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ...................................................... 28
Figure 3.5. QFN-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ..................................................... 29
Figure 4.1. QFP-48 Package Drawing ..................................................................... 30
Figure 4.2. QFP-48 Landing Diagram ..................................................................... 31
Figure 4.3. QFN-48 Package Drawing .................................................................... 32
Figure 4.4. QFN-48 Landing Diagram ..................................................................... 33
Figure 4.5. Typical QFN-40 Package Drawing ........................................................ 34
Figure 4.6. QFN-40 Landing Diagram ..................................................................... 35
Figure 4.7. QFP-32 Package Drawing ..................................................................... 36
Figure 4.8. QFP-32 Package Drawing ..................................................................... 37
Figure 4.9. QFN-32 Package Drawing .................................................................... 38
Figure 4.10. QFN-32 Package Drawing .................................................................. 39
Figure 5.1. Minimum VDD Monitor Threshold vs. System Clock Frequency ........... 44
Figure 5.2. Typical Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Over Temperature ............. 47
Figure 6.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram ........................................................... 52
Figure 6.2. ADC0 Tracking Modes .......................................................................... 54
Figure 6.3. 12-Bit ADC Tracking Mode Example ..................................................... 55
Figure 6.4. 12-Bit ADC Burst Mode Example With Repeat Count Set to 4 ............. 56
Figure 6.5. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuit ............................................................... 58
Figure 6.6. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Data ......................... 69
Figure 6.7. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Data ........................... 69
Figure 6.8. ADC0 Multiplexer Block Diagram .......................................................... 70
Figure 7.1. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function ................................................ 72
Figure 8.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 73
Figure 9.1. Comparator Functional Block Diagram ................................................. 75
Figure 9.2. Comparator Hysteresis Plot .................................................................. 76
Figure 9.3. Comparator Input Multiplexer Block Diagram ........................................ 81
Figure 10.1. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—
Regulator Enabled .............................................................................. 84
Figure 10.2. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—
Regulator Disabled .............................................................................. 85
Figure 11.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram ......................................................................... 87
Figure 12.1. C8051F50x-F51x Memory Map ........................................................... 97
Figure 12.2. Flash Program Memory Map ............................................................... 98
Figure 13.1. SFR Page Stack ................................................................................ 101
Figure 13.2. SFR Page Stack While Using SFR Page 0x0 To Access SPI0DAT . 102
Figure 13.3. SFR Page Stack After CAN0 Interrupt Occurs .................................. 103
8
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 13.4. SFR Page Stack Upon PCA Interrupt Occurring During a CAN0 ISR 104
Figure 13.5. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From PCA Interrupt .......................... 105
Figure 13.6. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From CAN0 Interrupt ........................ 106
Figure 15.1. Flash Program Memory Map ............................................................. 131
Figure 17.1. Reset Sources ................................................................................... 141
Figure 17.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing ....................................... 142
Figure 18.1. Multiplexed Configuration Example ................................................... 153
Figure 18.2. Non-multiplexed Configuration Example ........................................... 154
Figure 18.3. EMIF Operating Modes ..................................................................... 155
Figure 18.4. Non-multiplexed 16-bit MOVX Timing ............................................... 158
Figure 18.5. Non-multiplexed 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select Timing ................ 159
Figure 18.6. Non-multiplexed 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select Timing ..................... 160
Figure 18.7. Multiplexed 16-bit MOVX Timing ....................................................... 161
Figure 18.8. Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select Timing ........................ 162
Figure 18.9. Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select Timing ............................. 163
Figure 19.1. Oscillator Options .............................................................................. 165
Figure 19.2. Example Clock Multiplier Output ....................................................... 170
Figure 19.3. External 32.768 kHz Quartz Crystal Oscillator Connection Diagram 175
Figure 20.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram .................................................... 177
Figure 20.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram .............................................................. 178
Figure 20.3. Peripheral Availability on Port I/O Pins .............................................. 181
Figure 20.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder in Example Configuration ........................ 182
Figure 21.1. LIN Block Diagram ............................................................................ 201
Figure 22.1. Typical CAN Bus Configuration ......................................................... 218
Figure 22.2. CAN Controller Diagram .................................................................... 219
Figure 22.3. Four segments of a CAN Bit .............................................................. 221
Figure 23.1. SMBus Block Diagram ...................................................................... 226
Figure 23.2. Typical SMBus Configuration ............................................................ 227
Figure 23.3. SMBus Transaction ........................................................................... 228
Figure 23.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation ........................................................ 230
Figure 23.5. Typical Master Write Sequence ........................................................ 237
Figure 23.6. Typical Master Read Sequence ........................................................ 238
Figure 23.7. Typical Slave Write Sequence .......................................................... 239
Figure 23.8. Typical Slave Read Sequence .......................................................... 240
Figure 24.1. UART0 Block Diagram ...................................................................... 243
Figure 24.2. UART0 Timing Without Parity or Extra Bit ......................................... 245
Figure 24.3. UART0 Timing With Parity ................................................................ 245
Figure 24.4. UART0 Timing With Extra Bit ............................................................ 245
Figure 24.5. Typical UART Interconnect Diagram ................................................. 246
Figure 24.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram ......................... 247
Figure 25.1. SPI Block Diagram ............................................................................ 252
Figure 25.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram ...................................... 255
Figure 25.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode
Connection Diagram .......................................................................... 255
Rev. 1.1
9
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 25.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode
Connection Diagram ......................................................................... 255
Figure 25.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing ....................................................... 257
Figure 25.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0) ................................... 258
Figure 25.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1) ................................... 258
Figure 25.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0) ....................................................... 262
Figure 25.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1) ....................................................... 262
Figure 25.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0) ....................................................... 263
Figure 25.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1) ....................................................... 263
Figure 26.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram ................................................................. 268
Figure 26.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram ................................................................. 269
Figure 26.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram ................................................................. 270
Figure 26.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................. 275
Figure 26.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................... 276
Figure 26.6. Timer 2 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram ................ 277
Figure 26.7. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................. 281
Figure 26.8. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................... 282
Figure 26.9. Timer 3 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram ................ 283
Figure 27.1. PCA Block Diagram ........................................................................... 287
Figure 27.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram ................................................... 288
Figure 27.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram ............................................................ 289
Figure 27.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram ............................................................. 291
Figure 27.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram ................................................. 292
Figure 27.6. PCA High-Speed Output Mode Diagram ........................................... 293
Figure 27.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode ........................................................... 294
Figure 27.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ........................................................ 295
Figure 27.9. PCA 9, 10 and 11-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ...................................... 296
Figure 27.10. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode ................................................................... 297
Figure 27.11. PCA Module 2 with Watchdog Timer Enabled ................................ 298
Figure 28.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing ...................................................................... 309
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Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
List of Tables
Table 2.1. Product Selection Guide ......................................................................... 21
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F50x-F51x ................................................. 22
Table 4.1. QFP-48 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 30
Table 4.2. QFP-48 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 31
Table 4.3. QFN-48 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 32
Table 4.4. QFN-48 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 33
Table 4.5. QFN-40 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 34
Table 4.6. QFN-40 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 35
Table 4.7. QFP-32 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 36
Table 4.8. QFP-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 37
Table 4.9. QFN-32 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 38
Table 4.10. QFN-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................. 39
Table 5.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................... 40
Table 5.2. Global Electrical Characteristics ............................................................. 41
Table 5.3. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics ..................................................... 45
Table 5.4. Reset Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 46
Table 5.5. Flash Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 46
Table 5.6. Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics ................. 47
Table 5.7. Clock Multiplier Electrical Specifications ................................................ 48
Table 5.8. Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics .......................................... 48
Table 5.9. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 49
Table 5.10. Temperature Sensor Electrical Characteristics .................................... 50
Table 5.11. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics ....................................... 50
Table 5.12. Comparator 0 and Comparator 1 Electrical Characteristics ................. 51
Table 11.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Prefetch-Enabled) ........................... 89
Table 13.1. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map for
Pages 0x0 and 0xF ............................................................................. 111
Table 13.2. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map for Page 0xC ............ 112
Table 13.3. Special Function Registers ................................................................. 113
Table 14.1. Interrupt Summary .............................................................................. 119
Table 15.1. Flash Security Summary .................................................................... 132
Table 18.1. EMIF Pinout (C8051F500/1/4/5) ......................................................... 149
Table 18.2. EMIF Pinout (C8051F508/9-F510/1) .................................................. 150
Table 18.3. AC Parameters for External Memory Interface ................................... 164
Table 20.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions ......................................... 179
Table 20.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions ........................................... 179
Table 20.3. Port I/O Assignment for External Digital Event Capture Functions .... 180
Table 21.1. Baud Rate Calculation Variable Ranges ............................................ 202
Table 21.2. Manual Baud Rate Parameters Examples ......................................... 204
Rev. 1.1
11
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 21.3. Autobaud Parameters Examples ........................................................ 205
Table 21.4. LIN Registers (Indirectly Addressable) ............................................... 210
Table 22.1. Background System Information ........................................................ 220
Table 22.2. Standard CAN Registers and Reset Values ....................................... 223
Table 23.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection .......................................................... 230
Table 23.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times ................................................ 231
Table 23.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN ..................................... 235
Table 23.4. SMBus Status Decoding ..................................................................... 241
Table 24.1. Baud Rate Generator Settings for Standard Baud Rates ................... 244
Table 25.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters ............................................................ 264
Table 27.1. PCA Timebase Input Options ............................................................. 288
Table 27.2. PCA0CPM and PCA0PWM Bit Settings for
PCA Capture/Compare Modules ........................................................ 290
Table 27.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1 ................................................... 299
12
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
List of Registers
SFR Definition 6.4. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration ...................................................... 63
SFR Definition 6.5. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB .................................................... 64
SFR Definition 6.6. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB ...................................................... 64
SFR Definition 6.7. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control ................................................................ 65
SFR Definition 6.8. ADC0TK: ADC0 Tracking Mode Select ......................................... 66
SFR Definition 6.9. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte .......................... 67
SFR Definition 6.10. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte .......................... 67
SFR Definition 6.11. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte .............................. 68
SFR Definition 6.12. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte ............................... 68
SFR Definition 6.13. ADC0MX: ADC0 Channel Select ................................................. 71
SFR Definition 8.1. REF0CN: Reference Control ......................................................... 74
SFR Definition 9.1. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control ..................................................... 77
SFR Definition 9.2. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection ....................................... 78
SFR Definition 9.3. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control ..................................................... 79
SFR Definition 9.4. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection ....................................... 80
SFR Definition 9.5. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection ........................................ 82
SFR Definition 9.6. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection ........................................ 83
SFR Definition 10.1. REG0CN: Regulator Control ........................................................ 85
SFR Definition 11.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte ........................................................ 93
SFR Definition 11.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte ....................................................... 93
SFR Definition 11.3. SP: Stack Pointer ......................................................................... 94
SFR Definition 11.4. ACC: Accumulator ....................................................................... 94
SFR Definition 11.5. B: B Register ................................................................................ 94
SFR Definition 11.6. PSW: Program Status Word ........................................................ 95
SFR Definition 11.7. SNn: Serial Number n .................................................................. 96
SFR Definition 13.1. SFR0CN: SFR Page Control ..................................................... 107
SFR Definition 13.2. SFRPAGE: SFR Page ............................................................... 108
SFR Definition 13.3. SFRNEXT: SFR Next ................................................................ 109
SFR Definition 13.4. SFRLAST: SFR Last .................................................................. 110
SFR Definition 14.1. IE: Interrupt Enable .................................................................... 121
SFR Definition 14.2. IP: Interrupt Priority .................................................................... 122
SFR Definition 14.3. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 ............................................ 123
SFR Definition 14.4. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1 ............................................ 124
SFR Definition 14.5. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 ............................................ 125
SFR Definition 14.6. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority Enabled 2 .............................. 126
SFR Definition 14.7. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration .............................................. 128
SFR Definition 15.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control ......................................... 134
SFR Definition 15.2. FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key ...................................................... 135
SFR Definition 15.3. FLSCL: Flash Scale ................................................................... 136
SFR Definition 15.4. CCH0CN: Cache Control ........................................................... 137
SFR Definition 15.5. ONESHOT: Flash Oneshot Period ............................................ 137
SFR Definition 16.1. PCON: Power Control ................................................................ 140
SFR Definition 17.1. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control ................................................ 144
Rev. 1.1
13
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 17.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source ............................................................ 146
SFR Definition 18.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control ............................ 151
SFR Definition 18.2. EMI0CF: External Memory Configuration .................................. 152
SFR Definition 18.3. EMI0TC: External Memory Timing Control ................................ 157
SFR Definition 19.1. CLKSEL: Clock Select ............................................................... 166
SFR Definition 19.2. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control .......................................... 168
SFR Definition 19.3. OSCICRS: Internal Oscillator Coarse Calibration ...................... 169
SFR Definition 19.4. OSCIFIN: Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration ............................ 169
SFR Definition 19.5. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier .......................................................... 171
SFR Definition 19.6. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control ........................................ 173
SFR Definition 20.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 .......................................... 184
SFR Definition 20.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 .......................................... 185
SFR Definition 20.3. XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 .......................................... 186
SFR Definition 20.4. P0MASK: Port 0 Mask Register ................................................. 187
SFR Definition 20.5. P0MAT: Port 0 Match Register .................................................. 187
SFR Definition 20.6. P1MASK: Port 1 Mask Register ................................................. 188
SFR Definition 20.7. P1MAT: Port 1 Match Register .................................................. 188
SFR Definition 20.8. P2MASK: Port 2 Mask Register ................................................. 189
SFR Definition 20.9. P2MAT: Port 2 Match Register .................................................. 189
SFR Definition 20.10. P3MASK: Port 3 Mask Register ............................................... 190
SFR Definition 20.11. P3MAT: Port 3 Match Register ................................................ 190
SFR Definition 20.12. P0: Port 0 ................................................................................. 191
SFR Definition 20.13. P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode ..................................................... 192
SFR Definition 20.14. P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode .............................................. 192
SFR Definition 20.15. P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip ................................................................. 193
SFR Definition 20.16. P1: Port 1 ................................................................................. 193
SFR Definition 20.17. P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode ..................................................... 194
SFR Definition 20.18. P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode .............................................. 194
SFR Definition 20.19. P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip ................................................................. 195
SFR Definition 20.20. P2: Port 2 ................................................................................. 195
SFR Definition 20.21. P2MDIN: Port 2 Input Mode ..................................................... 196
SFR Definition 20.22. P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode .............................................. 196
SFR Definition 20.23. P2SKIP: Port 2 Skip ................................................................. 197
SFR Definition 20.24. P3: Port 3 ................................................................................. 197
SFR Definition 20.25. P3MDIN: Port 3 Input Mode ..................................................... 198
SFR Definition 20.26. P3MDOUT: Port 3 Output Mode .............................................. 198
SFR Definition 20.27. P3SKIP: Port 3Skip .................................................................. 199
SFR Definition 20.28. P4: Port 4 ................................................................................. 199
SFR Definition 20.29. P4MDOUT: Port 4 Output Mode .............................................. 200
SFR Definition 21.1. LIN0ADR: LIN0 Indirect Address Register ................................. 208
SFR Definition 21.2. LIN0DAT: LIN0 Indirect Data Register ....................................... 208
SFR Definition 21.3. LIN0CF: LIN0 Control Mode Register ........................................ 209
SFR Definition 22.1. CAN0CFG: CAN Clock Configuration ........................................ 225
SFR Definition 23.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration ...................................... 232
SFR Definition 23.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control .......................................................... 234
14
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 23.3. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data ............................................................ 236
SFR Definition 24.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control .................................................... 248
SFR Definition 24.2. SMOD0: Serial Port 0 Control .................................................... 249
SFR Definition 24.3. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer .................................. 250
SFR Definition 24.4. SBCON0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control ...................... 250
SFR Definition 24.6. SBRLL0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload Low Byte ........ 251
SFR Definition 24.5. SBRLH0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload High Byte ....... 251
SFR Definition 25.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration ................................................... 259
SFR Definition 25.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control ............................................................... 260
SFR Definition 25.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate ....................................................... 261
SFR Definition 25.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data ................................................................. 261
SFR Definition 26.1. CKCON: Clock Control .............................................................. 266
SFR Definition 26.2. TCON: Timer Control ................................................................. 271
SFR Definition 26.3. TMOD: Timer Mode ................................................................... 272
SFR Definition 26.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte ............................................................... 273
SFR Definition 26.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte ............................................................... 273
SFR Definition 26.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte ............................................................. 274
SFR Definition 26.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte ............................................................. 274
SFR Definition 26.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control ......................................................... 278
SFR Definition 26.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte .......................... 279
SFR Definition 26.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte ...................... 279
SFR Definition 26.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte ....................................................... 280
SFR Definition 26.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte ....................................................... 280
SFR Definition 26.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control ....................................................... 284
SFR Definition 26.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte ........................ 285
SFR Definition 26.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte ...................... 285
SFR Definition 26.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte ....................................................... 286
SFR Definition 26.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte ....................................................... 286
SFR Definition 27.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control .............................................................. 300
SFR Definition 27.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode ................................................................ 301
SFR Definition 27.3. PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration ....................................... 302
SFR Definition 27.4. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode .............................. 303
SFR Definition 27.5. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte ...................................... 304
SFR Definition 27.6. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte ..................................... 304
SFR Definition 27.7. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte ............................. 305
SFR Definition 27.8. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte ........................... 305
C2 Register Definition 28.1. C2ADD: C2 Address ...................................................... 306
C2 Register Definition 28.2. DEVICEID: C2 Device ID ............................................... 307
C2 Register Definition 28.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID .................................................. 307
C2 Register Definition 28.4. FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control ........................ 308
C2 Register Definition 28.5. FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data ............................ 308
Rev. 1.1
15
C8051F50x-F51x
1. System Overview
C8051F50x-F51x devices are fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip MCUs. Highlighted features
are listed below. Refer to Table 2.1 for specific product feature selection and part ordering numbers.
High-speed pipelined 8051-compatible microcontroller core (up to 50 MIPS)
In-system, full-speed, non-intrusive debug interface (on-chip)
Controller Area Network (CAN 2.0B) Controller with 32 message objects, each with its own indentifier
mask (C8051F500/2/4/6/8-F510)
LIN 2.1 peripheral (fully backwards compatible, master and slave modes) (C8051F500/2/4/6/8-F510)
True 12-bit 200 ksps 32-channel single-ended ADC with analog multiplexer
Precision programmable 24 MHz internal oscillator that is within ±0.5% across the operating range and
temperature
On-chip Clock Multiplier to reach up to 50 MHz
64 kB (C8051F500/1/2/3/8/9) or 32 kB (C8051F504/5/6/7-F510/1) of on-chip Flash memory
4352 bytes of on-chip RAM
SMBus/I2C, Enhanced UART, and Enhanced SPI serial interfaces implemented in hardware
Four general-purpose 16-bit timers
External Data Memory Interface (C8051F500/1/4/5 and C8051F508/9-F510/1) with 64 kB address
space
Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) with six capture/compare modules and Watchdog Timer
function
On-chip Voltage Regulator
On-chip Power-On Reset, V Monitor, and Temperature Sensor
DD
On-chip Voltage Comparator
40, 33, or 25 Port I/O (5 V push-pull)
With on-chip Voltage Regulator, Power-On Reset, V monitor, Watchdog Timer, and clock oscillator, the
DD
C8051F50x-F51x devices are truly stand-alone System-on-a-Chip solutions. The Flash memory can be
reprogrammed even in-circuit, providing non-volatile data storage, and also allowing field upgrades of the
8051 firmware. User software has complete control of all peripherals, and may individually shut down any
or all peripherals for power savings.
The on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) Development Interface allows non-intrusive (uses no on-chip
resources), full speed, in-circuit debugging using the production MCU installed in the final application. This
debug logic supports inspection and modification of memory and registers, setting breakpoints, single
stepping, run and halt commands. All analog and digital peripherals are fully functional while debugging
using C2. The two C2 interface pins can be shared with user functions, allowing in-system debugging with-
out occupying package pins.
The devices are specified for 1.8 V to 5.25 V operation over the automotive temperature range (–40 to
+125 °C). The Port I/O and RST pins can interface to 5 V logic by setting the VIO pin to 5 V. The
C8051F500/1/4/5 devices are available in 48-pin QFP and QFN packages, the C8051F508/9-F510/1 are
available in 40-pin QFN packages, and the C8051F502/3/6/7 devices are available in 32-pin QFP and
QFN packages. All package options are lead-free and RoHS compliant. See Table 2.1 for ordering infor-
mation. Block diagrams are included in Figure 1.1, Figure 1.2, and Figure 1.3.
16
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
VIO
Port I/O Configuration
Power On
Reset
CIP-51 8051
Controller Core
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
Digital Peripherals
UART0
Reset
up to 64kB Byte Flash
Program Memory
Port 0
Drivers
Debug /
Programming
Hardware
C2CK/RST
C2D
Timers 0,
1, 2, 3
256 Byte RAM
4 kB XRAM
PCA
WDT
Priority
Crossbar
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
Decoder
LIN 2.1
Voltage Regulator
(LDO)
CAN 2.0B
SPI
Port 1
Drivers
VREGIN
VDD
GND
I2C
Crossbar Control
External Memory Interface
*On F500/4 Devices
SFR
Bus
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
System Clock Setup
XTAL1 XTAL2
Port 2
Drivers
Analog Peripherals
Internal Oscillator
External Oscillator
Voltage
Reference
Clock Multiplier
VREF
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
VDD
VREF
Port 3
Drivers
VDD
VREF
P0 – P3
A
M
U
X
12-bit
200ksps
ADC
Temp
Sensor
P4.0
P4.1
P4.2
P4.3
P4.4
P4.5
P4.6
P4.7
GND
CP0, CP0A
+
-
Port 4
Drivers
VDDA
GNDA
Comparator 0
CP1, CP1A
+
-
Comparator 1
Figure 1.1. C8051F500/1/4/5 Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
17
C8051F50x-F51x
VIO
Port I/O Configuration
Power On
Reset
CIP-51 8051
Controller Core
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6/
P0.7
Digital Peripherals
Reset
up to 64 kB Byte Flash
Program Memory
UART0
Port 0
Drivers
Debug /
Programming
Hardware
C2CK/RST
Timers 0,
1, 2, 3
256 Byte RAM
4 kB XRAM
6 channel
Priority
C2D
PCA/WDT
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
Crossbar
Decoder
LIN 2.1
Voltage Regulator
(LDO)
Port 1
Drivers
CAN 2.0B
SPI
VREGIN
VDD
GND
I2C
Crossbar Control
SFR
Bus
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
External Memory Interface
*On ‘F508-F510 devices
System Clock Setup
XTAL1 XTAL2
Port 2
Drivers
Analog Peripherals
Internal Oscillator
External Oscillator
Voltage
Reference
Clock Multiplier
VREF
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
VDD
VREF
Port 3
Drivers
VDD
VREF
P0 – P3
A
M
U
X
12-bit
200ksps
ADC
Temp
Sensor
P4.0 / C2D
GND
Port 4
Driver
CP0, CP0A
+
-
VDDA
GNDA
Comparator 0
CP1, CP1A
+
-
Comparator 1
Figure 1.2. C8051F508/9-F510/1 Block Diagram
18
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
VIO
Port I/O Configuration
Power On
Reset
CIP-51 8051
Controller Core
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
Digital Peripherals
UART0
Reset
up to 64kB Byte Flash
Program Memory
Port 0
Drivers
Debug /
Programming
Hardware
C2CK/RST
Timers 0,
1, 2, 3
256 Byte RAM
4 kB XRAM
PCA/
WDT
Priority
Crossbar
C2D
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
Decoder
LIN 2.1
Voltage Regulator
(LDO)
CAN 2.0B
SPI
Port 1
Drivers
VREGIN
VDD
GND
I2C
SFR
Bus
Crossbar Control
*On F502/6 Devices
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
System Clock Setup
XTAL1 XTAL2
Port 2
Drivers
Analog Peripherals
Internal Oscillator
External Oscillator
Voltage
Reference
Clock Multiplier
VREF
P3.0 / C2D
Port 3
Drivers
VDD
VREF
VDD
VREF
P0 – P3
A
M
U
X
12-bit
200ksps
ADC
Temp
Sensor
GND
CP0, CP0A
+
-
VDDA
GNDA
Comparator 0
CP1, CP1A
+
-
Comparator 1
Figure 1.3. C8051F502/3/6/7 Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
19
C8051F50x-F51x
2. Ordering Information
The following features are common to all devices in this family:
50 MHz system clock and 50 MIPS throughput (peak)
4352 bytes of RAM (256 internal bytes and 4096 XRAM bytes)
2
SMBus/I C, Enhanced SPI, Enhanced UART
Four Timers
Six Programmable Counter Array channels
Internal 24 MHz oscillator that is accurate to within ±0.5% across operating temperature and voltage.
Internal Voltage Regulator
12-bit, 200 ksps ADC
Internal Voltage Reference and Temperature Sensor
Two Analog Comparators
Table 2.1 shows the feature that differentiate the devices in this family.
20
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 2.1. Product Selection Guide
C8051F500-IQ 64
C8051F500-IM 64
40 QFP-48 C8051F505-IQ 32
40 QFN-48 C8051F505-IM 32
—
—
—
—
40 QFP-48
40 QFN-48
25 — QFP-32
25 — QFN-32
25 — QFP-32
25 — QFN-32
33 QFN-40
33 QFN-40
33 QFN-40
33 QFN-40
C8051F501-IQ 64 — — 40 QFP-48 C8051F506-IQ 32
C8051F501-IM 64 — — 40 QFN-48 C8051F506-IM 32
C8051F502-IQ 64
C8051F502-IM 64
25 — QFP-32 C8051F507-IQ 32
25 — QFN-32 C8051F507-IM 32
—
—
—
—
C8051F503-IQ 64 — — 25 — QFP-32 C8051F508-IM 64
C8051F503-IM 64 — — 25 — QFN-32 C8051F509-IM 64
—
—
C8051F504-IQ 32
C8051F504-IM 32
40 QFP-48 C8051F510-IM 32
40 QFN-48 C8051F511-IM 32
—
—
Note: The suffix of the part number indicates the device rating and the package. All devices are RoHS compliant.
All of these devices are also available in an automotive version. For the automotive version, the -I in the
ordering part number is replaced with -A. For example, the automotive version of the C8051F500-IM is the
C8051F500-AM.
The -AM and -AQ devices receive full automotive quality production status, including AEC-Q100 qualifica-
tion, registration with International Material Data System (IMDS) and Part Production Approval Process
(PPAP) documentation. PPAP documentation is available at www.silabs.com with a registered and NDA
approved user account. The -AM and -AQ devices enable high volume automotive OEM applications with
their enhanced testing and processing. Please contact Silicon Labs sales for more information regarding
–AM and -AQ devices for your automotive project.
Rev. 1.1
21
C8051F50x-F51x
3. Pin Definitions
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F50x-F51x
Name
Pin
Pin
Pin
Type
Description
‘F500/1/4/5 F508/9- ‘F502/3/6/7
F510/1
(40-pin)
(48-pin)
(32-pin)
VDD
4
6
4
6
4
6
Digital Supply Voltage. Must be connected.
Digital Ground. Must be connected.
Analog Supply Voltage. Must be connected.
Analog Ground. Must be connected.
Voltage Regulator Input
GND
VDDA
GNDA
VREGIN
VIO
5
5
5
7
7
7
3
3
3
2
2
2
Port I/O Supply Voltage. Must be connected.
RST/
12
10
10
D I/O
Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal
POR or V Monitor. An external source
DD
can initiate a system reset by driving this pin
low.
Clock signal for the C2 Debug Interface.
C2CK
C2D
D I/O
D I/O
11
—
—
9
—
—
Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug
Interface.
P4.0/
D I/O or A In Port 4.0. See SFR Definition 20.29 for a
description.
Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug
Interface.
C2D
D I/O
P3.0/
—
8
9
8
D I/O or A In Port 3.0. See SFR Definition 20.24 for a
description.
Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug
Interface.
C2D
P0.0
D I/O
8
D I/O or A In Port 0.0. See SFR Definition 20.12 for a
description.
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
1
1
1
D I/O or A In Port 0.1
D I/O or A In Port 0.2
D I/O or A In Port 0.3
D I/O or A In Port 0.4
D I/O or A In Port 0.5
48
47
46
45
40
39
38
37
32
31
30
29
22
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F50x-F51x (Continued)
Name
Pin
Pin
Pin
Type
Description
‘F500/1/4/5 F508/9- ‘F502/3/6/7
F510/1
(40-pin)
(48-pin)
(32-pin)
P0.6
44
43
42
36
35
34
28
27
26
D I/O or A In Port 0.6
D I/O or A In Port 0.7
P0.7
P1.0
D I/O or A In Port 1.0. See SFR Definition 20.16 for a
description.
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
D I/O or A In Port 1.1.
D I/O or A In Port 1.2.
D I/O or A In Port 1.3.
D I/O or A In Port 1.4.
D I/O or A In Port 1.5.
D I/O or A In Port 1.6.
D I/O or A In Port 1.7.
D I/O or A In Port 2.0. See SFR Definition 20.20 for a
description.
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
P3.0
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.1.
D I/O or A In Port 2.2.
D I/O or A In Port 2.3.
D I/O or A In Port 2.4.
D I/O or A In Port 2.5.
D I/O or A In Port 2.6.
D I/O or A In Port 2.7.
D I/O or A In Port 3.0. See SFR Definition 20.24 for a
description.
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
25
24
23
22
21
20
17
16
15
14
13
12
—
—
—
—
—
—
D I/O or A In Port 3.1.
D I/O or A In Port 3.2.
D I/O or A In Port 3.3.
D I/O or A In Port 3.4.
D I/O or A In Port 3.5.
D I/O or A In Port 3.6.
Rev. 1.1
23
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F50x-F51x (Continued)
Name
Pin
Pin
Pin
Type
Description
‘F500/1/4/5 F508/9- ‘F502/3/6/7
F510/1
(40-pin)
(48-pin)
(32-pin)
P3.7
19
18
11
—
—
—
D I/O
D I/O
Port 3.7.
P4.0
Port 4.0. See SFR Definition 20.28 for a
description.
P4.1
P4.2
P4.3
P4.4
P4.5
P4.6
P4.7
17
16
15
14
13
10
9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
D I/O
D I/O
D I/O
D I/O
D I/O
D I/O
D I/O
Port 4.1.
Port 4.2.
Port 4.3.
Port 4.4.
Port 4.5.
Port 4.6.
Port 4.7.
24
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
36
1
2
P0.1/CNVSTR
VIO
P1.6
35
P1.7
34
3
VREGIN
VDD
P2.0
33
4
P2.1
C8051F500-IQ
C8051F501-IQ
C8051F504-IQ
C8051F505-IQ
Top View
32
5
VDDA
P2.2
31
6
GND
P2.3
30
7
GNDA
P2.4
29
8
P0.0 / VREF
P4.7
P2.5
28
9
P2.6
27
10
11
12
P4.6
P2.7
26
C2D
P3.0
25
RST/C2CK
P3.1
Figure 3.1. QFP-48 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
Rev. 1.1
25
C8051F50x-F51x
P0.1/CNVSTR
VIO
1
2
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
P3.0
P3.1
VREGIN
VDD
3
4
C8051F500-IM
C8051F501-IM
C8051F504-IM
C8051F505-IM
Top View
VDDA
5
GND
6
GNDA
7
P0.0 / VREF
P4.7
8
9
GND
P4.6
10
11
12
C2D
RST/C2CK
Figure 3.2. QFN-48 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
26
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
P0.1 / CNVSTR
VIO
1
2
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
VREGIN
VDD
3
C8051F508-IM
C8051F509-IM
C8051F510-IM
C8051F511-IM
Top View
4
VDDA
5
GND
6
GNDA
7
P0.0 / VREF
P4.0 / C2D
RST / C2CK
8
GND
9
10
Figure 3.3. QFN-40 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
Rev. 1.1
27
C8051F50x-F51x
P1.2
23 P1.3
P1.4
21 P1.5
P1.6
19 P1.7
P2.0
17 P2.1
P0.1/CNVSTR
VIO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
24
VREGIN
C8051F502-IQ
C8051F503-IQ
C8051F506-IQ
C8051F507-IQ
Top View
22
VDD
VDDA
GND
20
18
GNDA
P0.0/VREF
Figure 3.4. QFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
28
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
P0.1/CNVSTR
VIO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
24 P1.2
23 P1.3
22 P1.4
21 P1.5
20 P1.6
19 P1.7
18 P2.0
17 P2.1
C8051F502-IM
C8051F503-IM
C8051F506-IM
C8051F507-IM
Top View
VREGIN
VDD
VDDA
GND
GNDA
GND
P0.0/VREF
Figure 3.5. QFN-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
Rev. 1.1
29
C8051F50x-F51x
4. Package Specifications
4.1. QFP-48 Package Specifications
Figure 4.1. QFP-48 Package Drawing
Table 4.1. QFP-48 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
A1
A2
b
—
—
—
1.20
0.15
1.05
0.27
0.20
E
E1
L
9.00 BSC.
7.00 BSC.
0.60
0.05
0.95
0.17
0.09
1.00
0.45
0.75
0.22
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
0.20
c
—
0.20
D
9.00 BSC.
7.00 BSC.
0.50 BSC.
0.08
D1
e
0.08
0°
3.5°
7°
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC outline MS-026, variation ABC.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
30
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 4.2. QFP-48 Landing Diagram
Table 4.2. QFP-48 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
8.30
8.30
Max
8.40
8.40
Dimension
Min
0.20
1.40
Max
0.30
1.50
C1
X1
C2
E
Y1
0.50 BSC
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60m minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
Card Assembly
7. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
8. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
31
C8051F50x-F51x
4.2. QFN-48 Package Specifications
Figure 4.3. QFN-48 Package Drawing
Table 4.3. QFN-48 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
0.80
0.00
0.18
0.90
-
1.00
0.05
0.30
E2
L
3.90
4.00
4.10
0.50
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.08
A1
0.30
0.40
b
0.23
L1
0.00
-
-
-
-
-
D
D2
7.00 BSC
4.00
aaa
bbb
ddd
eee
-
-
-
-
3.90
4.10
e
0.50 BSC
7.00 BSC
E
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to JEDEC outline MO-220, variation VKKD-4 except for features D2 and L
which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
32
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 4.4. QFN-48 Landing Diagram
Table 4.4. QFN-48 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
6.80
6.80
Max
6.90
6.90
Dimension
Min
4.00
0.75
4.00
Max
4.10
0.85
4.10
C1
X2
C2
e
Y1
Y2
0.50 BSC
X1
0.20
0.30
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimension and Tolerancing is per the ANSI Y14.5M-1994 specification.
3. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-SM-7351 guidelines.
4. All dimensions shown are at Maximum Material Condition (MMC). Least Material Condition (LMC) is
calculated based on a Fabrication Allowance of 0.05 mm.
Solder Mask Design
5. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60 m minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
6. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
7. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
8. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
9. A 3x3 array of 1.20 mm x 1.10 mm openings on a 1.40 mm pitch should be used for the center pad.
Card Assembly
10. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
11. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
33
C8051F50x-F51x
4.3. QFN-40 Package Specifications
Figure 4.5. Typical QFN-40 Package Drawing
Table 4.5. QFN-40 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
0.80
0.00
0.18
0.85
0.90
0.05
0.28
E2
L
4.00
0.35
4.10
0.40
4.20
0.45
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.08
A1
b
0.23
L1
D
D2
6.00 BSC
4.10
aaa
bbb
ddd
eee
4.00
4.20
e
0.50 BSC
6.00 BSC
E
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation VJJD-5, except for
features A, D2, and E2 which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
34
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 4.6. QFN-40 Landing Diagram
Table 4.6. QFN-40 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
5.80
5.80
Max
5.90
5.90
Dimension
Min
4.10
0.75
4.10
Max
4.20
0.85
4.20
C1
X2
C2
e
Y1
Y2
0.50 BSC
X1
0.15
0.25
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimension and Tolerancing is per the ANSI Y14.5M-1994 specification.
3. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-SM-7351 guidelines.
4. All dimensions shown are at Maximum Material Condition (MMC). Least Material Condition (LMC) is
calculated based on a Fabrication Allowance of 0.05 mm.
Solder Mask Design
5. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60 m minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
6. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
7. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
8. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
9. A 4x4 array of 0.80 mm square openings on a 1.05 mm pitch should be used for the center ground pad.
Card Assembly
10. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
11. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
35
C8051F50x-F51x
4.4. QFP-32 Package Specifications
Figure 4.7. QFP-32 Package Drawing
Table 4.7. QFP-32 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
A1
A2
b
c
D
D1
—
—
—
1.40
0.37
—
1.60
0.15
1.45
0.45
0.20
E
E1
L
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
9.00 BSC.
7.00 BSC.
0.60
0.05
1.35
0.30
0.09
0.45
0.75
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.20
9.00 BSC.
7.00 BSC.
0.80 BSC.
e
0°
3.5°
7°
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC outline MS-026, variation BBA.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
36
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 4.8. QFP-32 Package Drawing
Table 4.8. QFP-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
8.40
8.40
Max
8.50
8.50
Dimension
Min
0.40
1.25
Max
0.50
1.35
C1
X1
C2
E
Y1
0.80 BSC
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60m minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
Card Assembly
7. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
8. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
37
C8051F50x-F51x
4.5. QFN-32 Package Specifications
Figure 4.9. QFN-32 Package Drawing
Table 4.9. QFN-32 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
0.80
0.00
0.18
0.9
0.02
1.00
0.05
0.30
E2
L
3.20
0.30
0.00
—
3.30
0.40
—
3.40
0.50
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.08
A1
b
0.25
L1
D
D2
5.00 BSC.
3.30
aaa
bbb
ddd
eee
—
3.20
3.40
—
—
e
0.50 BSC.
5.00 BSC.
—
—
E
—
—
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation VGGD except for
custom features D2, E2, and L which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
38
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 4.10. QFN-32 Package Drawing
Table 4.10. QFN-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
4.80
4.80
Max
4.90
4.90
Dimension
Min
3.20
0.75
3.20
Max
3.40
0.85
3.40
C1
X2
C2
e
Y1
Y2
0.50 BSC
X1
0.20
0.30
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60m minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
7. A 3x3 array of 1.0 mm openings on a 1.20 mm pitch should be used for the center ground pad.
Card Assembly
8. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
9. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
39
C8051F50x-F51x
5. Electrical Characteristics
5.1. Absolute Maximum Specifications
Table 5.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Ambient Temperature under Bias
Storage Temperature
Conditions
Min
–55
–65
–0.3
Typ
—
Max
135
150
5.5
Units
°C
—
°C
Voltage on V
with Respect to GND
—
V
REGIN
Voltage on V with Respect to GND
–0.3
—
2.8
V
DD
Voltage on VDDA with Respect to GND
–0.3
–0.3
—
—
2.8
5.5
V
V
Voltage on V with Respect to GND
IO
Voltage on any Port I/O Pin or RST with Respect to
GND
–0.3
—
—
—
V
+ 0.3
V
IO
Maximum Total Current through V
or GND
500
mA
REGIN
Maximum Output Current Sunk by RST or any Port Pin
Maximum Output Current Sourced by any Port Pin
—
—
—
—
100
100
mA
mA
Note: Stresses outside of the range of the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions
above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
40
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
5.2. Electrical Characteristics
Table 5.2. Global Electrical Characteristics
–40 to +125 °C, 24 MHz system clock unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Supply Input Voltage (V
)
1.8
—
5.25
V
REGIN
1
1
Digital Supply Voltage (V
)
System Clock < 25 MHz
System Clock > 25 MHz
—
—
2.75
2.75
2.75
2.75
DD
V
RST
V
V
2
Analog Supply Voltage (VDDA) System Clock < 25 MHz
V
RST
2
(Must be connected to V
)
System Clock > 25 MHz
Normal Operation
DD
Digital Supply RAM Data
Retention Voltage
1.5
2
Port I/O Supply Voltage (V )
—
—
—
—
—
5.25
50
V
MHz
ns
IO
1.8
0
3
SYSCLK (System Clock)
T
T
(SYSCLK High Time)
(SYSCLK Low Time)
9
9
—
SYSH
SYSL
—
ns
Specified Operating
Temperature Range
–40
+125
°C
Digital Supply Current—CPU Active (Normal Mode, fetching instructions from Flash)
4
V
V
V
V
= 2.1 V, F = 200 kHz
= 2.1 V, F = 1.5 MHz
= 2.1 V, F = 25 MHz
= 2.1 V, F = 50 MHz
—
—
—
—
95
700
10
—
—
11
21
µA
µA
I
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
mA
mA
19
Notes:
1. Given in Table 5.4 on page 46.
2. VIO should not be lower than the VDD voltage.
3. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging.
4. Based on device characterization data; Not production tested. Does not include oscillator supply current.
5. IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 12.5 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the
frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate IDD for >12.5 MHz, the
estimate should be the current at 50 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency
sensitivity number. For example: VDD = 2.6 V; F = 20 MHz, IDD = 26 mA - (50 MHz -
20 MHz) * 0.48 mA/MHz = 11.6 mA.
6. Idle IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 1 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the
frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate Idle IDD for >1 MHz, the
estimate should be the current at 50 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency
sensitivity number.
For example: VDD = 2.6 V; F = 5 MHz, Idle IDD = 21 mA – (50 MHz – 5 MHz) x 0.41 mA/MHz = 2.6 mA.
Rev. 1.1
41
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.2. Global Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
–40 to +125 °C, 24 MHz system clock unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
4
V
V
V
V
= 2.6 V, F = 200 kHz
—
130
—
µA
I
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
= 2.6 V, F = 1.5 MHz
= 2.6 V, F = 25 MHz
= 2.6 V, F = 50 MHz
—
—
—
990
14
—
21
33
µA
mA
mA
25
4
F = 25 MHz
F = 1 MHz
—
—
—
68
73
—
—
—
%/V
%/V
I
I
Supply Sensitivity
DD
4,5
V
V
V
V
= 2.1V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
= 2.1V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
= 2.6V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
= 2.6V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
0.46
mA/MHz
DD
DD
DD
DD
Frequency Sensitivity
DD
—
—
—
0.36
0.64
0.47
—
—
—
mA/MHz
mA/MHz
mA/MHz
Notes:
1. Given in Table 5.4 on page 46.
2. VIO should not be lower than the VDD voltage.
3. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging.
4. Based on device characterization data; Not production tested. Does not include oscillator supply current.
5. IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 12.5 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the
frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate IDD for >12.5 MHz, the
estimate should be the current at 50 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency
sensitivity number. For example: VDD = 2.6 V; F = 20 MHz, IDD = 26 mA - (50 MHz -
20 MHz) * 0.48 mA/MHz = 11.6 mA.
6. Idle IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 1 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the
frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate Idle IDD for >1 MHz, the
estimate should be the current at 50 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency
sensitivity number.
For example: VDD = 2.6 V; F = 5 MHz, Idle IDD = 21 mA – (50 MHz – 5 MHz) x 0.41 mA/MHz = 2.6 mA.
42
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.2. Global Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
–40 to +125 °C, 24 MHz system clock unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Digital Supply Current—CPU Inactive (Idle Mode, not fetching instructions from Flash)
4
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
= 2.1 V, F = 200 kHz
= 2.1 V, F = 1.5 MHz
= 2.1 V, F = 25 MHz
= 2.1 V, F = 50 MHz
= 2.6 V, F = 200 kHz
= 2.6 V, F = 1.5 MHz
= 2.6 V, F = 25 MHz
= 2.6 V, F = 50 MHz
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
60
460
7.2
14
—
—
µA
µA
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
I
DD
DD
8.0
16
—
mA
mA
µA
4
75
I
600
9.3
19
—
µA
15
25
mA
mA
4
F = 25 MHz
F = 1 MHz
—
—
—
57
56
—
—
—
I
I
Supply Sensitivity
DD
%/V
4.6
V
V
V
V
= 2.1V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
= 2.1V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
= 2.6V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
= 2.6V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
0.29
DD
DD
DD
DD
Frequency Sensitivity
DD
—
—
—
0.29
0.38
0.38
—
—
—
mA/MHz
4
Oscillator not running,
Monitor Disabled
Digital Supply Current
V
DD
(Stop or Suspend Mode)
Temp = 25 °C
Temp = 60 °C
Temp= 125 °C
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
µA
10
120
Notes:
1. Given in Table 5.4 on page 46.
2. VIO should not be lower than the VDD voltage.
3. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging.
4. Based on device characterization data; Not production tested. Does not include oscillator supply current.
5. IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 12.5 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the
frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate IDD for >12.5 MHz, the
estimate should be the current at 50 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency
sensitivity number. For example: VDD = 2.6 V; F = 20 MHz, IDD = 26 mA - (50 MHz -
20 MHz) * 0.48 mA/MHz = 11.6 mA.
6. Idle IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 1 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the
frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate Idle IDD for >1 MHz, the
estimate should be the current at 50 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency
sensitivity number.
For example: VDD = 2.6 V; F = 5 MHz, Idle IDD = 21 mA – (50 MHz – 5 MHz) x 0.41 mA/MHz = 2.6 mA.
Rev. 1.1
43
C8051F50x-F51x
Figure 5.1. Minimum VDD Monitor Threshold vs. System Clock Frequency
Note: With system clock frequencies greater than 25 MHz, the VDD monitor level should be set to the high threshold
(VDMLVL = 1b in SFR VDM0CN) to prevent undefined CPU operation. The high threshold should only be used
with an external regulator powering VDD directly. See Figure 10.2 on page 85 for the recommended power
supply connections.
44
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.3. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameters
Conditions
Min
– 0.4
IO
Typ
Max
Units
Output High
Voltage
I
I
I
V
V
V
= –3 mA, Port I/O push-pull
= –10 µA, Port I/O push-pull
= –10 mA, Port I/O push-pull
= 1.8 V:
= 70 µA
= 8.5 mA
V
V
—
—
– 0.7
IO
—
—
—
V
OH
OH
OH
– 0.02
IO
—
V
Output Low
Voltage
IO
I
I
—
—
—
—
50
750
OL
OL
= 2.7 V:
IO
I
I
= 70 µA
= 8.5 mA
= 5.25 V:
—
—
—
—
45
550
mV
OL
OL
IO
I
I
= 70 µA
= 8.5 mA
—
—
—
—
40
400
OL
OL
Input High
Voltage
V
V
= 5.25 V
0.7 x VIO
—
—
V
V
REGIN
REGIN
Input Low Volt-
age
= 2.7 V
—
—
—
—
0.3 x VIO
2
Weak Pullup Off
Weak Pullup On, V = 2.1 V,
IO
V
= 0 V, V = 1.8 V
DD
—
—
—
6
9
IN
Input Leakage
Current
Weak Pullup On, V = 2.6 V,
V
µA
IO
= 0 V, V = 2.6 V
DD
15
47
22
IN
Weak Pullup On, V = 5.0 V,
V
IO
= 0 V, V = 2.6 V
DD
IN
115
Rev. 1.1
45
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.4. Reset Electrical Characteristics
–40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
—
Typ
Max
Units
RST Output Low Voltage
VIO = 5 V; IOL = 70 µA
—
40
mV
0.7 x V
RST Input High Voltage
RST Input Low Voltage
RST Input Pullup Current
—
—
—
0.3 x V
115
IO
—
—
IO
RST = 0.0 V, VIO = 5 V
47
µA
V
V
V
RST Threshold (V
)
RST-LOW
1.65
2.25
1.75
2.30
1.80
DD
DD
RST Threshold (V
)
2.45
V
RST-HIGH
Time from last system clock
rising edge to reset initiation
Missing Clock Detector Timeout
Reset Time Delay
µs
VDD = 2.1V
VDD = 2.5V
200
200
370
270
600
600
Delay between release of
any reset source and code
execution at location 0x0000
—
6
130
—
160
—
µs
µs
Minimum RST Low Time to
Generate a System Reset
V
V
Monitor Turn-on Time
Monitor Supply Current
—
—
60
1
100
2
µs
DD
DD
µA
Table 5.5. Flash Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Flash Size
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
*
C8051F500/1/2/3/8/9
C8051F504/5/6/7-F510/1
65536
Bytes
32768
Endurance
20 k
10
150 k
—
—
—
Erase/Write
Years
ms
Flash Retention
Erase Cycle Time
Write Cycle Time
85 °C
25 MHz System Clock
25 MHz System Clock
28
30
45
79
84
125
µs
2
V
Write / Erase operations
—
—
V
V
DD
RST-HIGH
1. On the 64K Flash devices, 1024 bytes at addresses 0xFC00 to 0xFFFF are reserved.
2. See Table 5.4 for the V specification.
RST-HIGH
46
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.6. Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified; Using factory-calibrated settings.
Parameter
Oscillator Frequency
Oscillator Supply Current
Conditions
IFCN = 111b;
Min
24 – 0.5%
—
Typ
Max
24 + 0.5%
1300
Units
MHz
µA
1
24
Internal Oscillator On
OSCICN[7:6] = 11b
830
(from V
)
DD
Internal Oscillator Suspend
OSCICN[7:6] = 00b
ZTCEN = 1
Temp = 25 °C
Temp = 85 °C
Temp = 125 °C
—
—
—
66
110
190
—
—
—
µA
Wake-up Time From Suspend OSCICN[7:6] = 00b
—
—
1
—
—
µs
Power Supply Sensitivity
Constant Temperature
Constant Supply
0.10
%/V
2
Temperature Sensitivity
TC
TC
—
—
5.0
–0.65
—
—
ppm/°C
ppm/°C
1
2
2
1. This is the average frequency across the operating temperature range
2. Use temperature coefficients TC and TC to calculate the new internal oscillator frequency using the
1
2
following equation:
2
f(T) = f0 * (1 + TC *(T - T0) + TC *(T - T0) )
1
2
where f0 is the internal oscillator frequency at 25 °C and T0 is 25 °C.
Figure 5.2. Typical Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Over Temperature
Rev. 1.1
47
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.7. Clock Multiplier Electrical Specifications
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
2
Typ
—
Max
—
Units
MHz
MHz
mA
Input Frequency (Fcm )
in
Output Frequency
—
—
—
50
Power Supply Current
1.1
1.9
Table 5.8. Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
1.8*
—
Typ
Max
5.25
—
Units
V
Input Voltage Range (V
)*
REGIN
Dropout Voltage (V
Output Voltage (V
)
Maximum Current = 50 mA
10
mV/mA
DO
2.1 V operation (REG0MD = 0)
2.6 V operation (REG0MD = 1)
2.0
2.5
—
2.1
2.6
1
2.25
2.75
9
)
V
DD
Bias Current
µA
V
Dropout Indicator Detection
Threshold
With respect to VDD
–0.21
—
—
–0.02
—
Output Voltage Temperature
Coefficient
0.11
mV/°C
µs
50 mA load with V
= 2.4 V
REGIN
VREG Settling Time
—
450
—
and V load capacitor of 4.8 µF
DD
*Note: The minimum input voltage is 1.8 V or V + V (max load), whichever is greater
DD
DO
48
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.9. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics
VDDA = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C, VREF = 1.5 V (REFSL=0) unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
DC Accuracy
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Resolution
12
±0.5
±0.5
–1.8
bits
LSB
LSB
LSB
Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity
—
—
±3
±1
10
Guaranteed Monotonic
1
–10
Offset Error
Full Scale Error
–20
—
1.7
–2
20
—
LSB
Offset Temperature Coefficient
ppm/°C
Dynamic performance (10 kHz sine-wave single-ended input, 1 dB below Full Scale, 200 ksps)
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Total Harmonic Distortion
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
Conversion Rate
63
—
—
66
82
—
—
—
dB
dB
dB
Up to the 5th harmonic
–84
SAR Conversion Clock
—
—
—
3.6
—
MHz
2
13
clocks
Conversion Time in SAR Clocks
VDDA > 2.0 V
VDDA < 2.0 V
1.5
3.5
—
—
µs
3
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
VDDA > 2.0 V
4
—
—
200
ksps
Throughput Rate
Analog Inputs
gain = 1.0 (default)
gain = n
0
0
—
—
VREF
VREF/n
V
V
5
ADC Input Voltage Range
Absolute Pin Voltage with
Respect to GND
0
V
IO
Sampling Capacitance
Input Multiplexer Impedance
Power Specifications
—
—
32
3
—
pF
—
k
Operating Mode, 200 ksps
Power Supply Current
—
1100
1500
µA
(VDDA supplied to ADC0)
Burst Mode (Idle)
Power-On Time
—
5
1100
—
1500
—
µA
µs
dB
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Notes:
—
-60
—
1. Represents one standard deviation from the mean. Offset and full-scale error can be removed
through calibration.
2. An additional 2 FCLK cycles are required to start and complete a conversion
3. Additional tracking time may be required depending on the output impedance connected to the ADC input.
See Section “6.2.1. Settling Time Requirements” on page 57.
4. An increase in tracking time will decrease the ADC throughput.
5. See Section “6.3. Selectable Gain” on page 58 for more information about the setting the gain.
Rev. 1.1
49
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.10. Temperature Sensor Electrical Characteristics
VDDA = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
—
Typ
±0.1
3.33
±100
856
±14
21
Max
—
Units
°C
Linearity
Slope
—
—
mV/°C
µV/°C
mV
Slope Error*
Offset
—
—
Temp = 0 °C
Temp = 0 °C
—
—
Offset Error*
Power Supply Current
Tracking Time
—
—
mV
—
—
µA
12
—
—
µs
*Note: Represents one standard deviation from the mean.
Table 5.11. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics
VDDA = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Internal Reference (REFBE = 1)
Output Voltage
25 °C ambient (REFLV = 0)
1.45
1.50
2.20
1.55
2.25
V
25 °C ambient (REFLV = 1), V = 2.6 V 2.15
DD
VREF Short-Circuit Current
—
—
5
10
—
mA
VREF Temperature
33
ppm/°C
Coefficient
Power Consumption
Load Regulation
Internal
—
—
—
—
—
30
3
50
—
—
—
—
µA
µV/µA
ms
Load = 0 to 200 µA to AGND
4.7 µF and 0.1 µF bypass
0.1 µF bypass
VREF Turn-on Time 1
VREF Turn-on Time 2
Power Supply Rejection
1.5
46
1.3
µs
mV/V
External Reference (REFBE = 0)
Input Voltage Range
1.5
—
—
V
V
DDA
Input Current
Sample Rate = 200 ksps; VREF = 1.5 V
2.2
—
µA
Power Specifications
Reference Bias Generator REFBE = 1 or TEMPE = 1
—
21
40
µA
50
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 5.12. Comparator 0 and Comparator 1 Electrical Characteristics
VIO = 1.8 to 5.125 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-2
Typ
310
340
410
510
480
620
1600
2600
1.7
0
Max
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
8.9
2
Units
ns
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
CPn+ – CPn– = –100 mV
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
CPn+ – CPn– = –100 mV
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
CP0+ – CP0– = –100 mV
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
CPn+ – CPn– = –100 mV
Response Time:
*
Mode 0, Vcm = 1.5 V
ns
ns
Response Time:
*
Mode 1, Vcm = 1.5 V
ns
ns
Response Time:
*
Mode 2, Vcm = 1.5 V
ns
ns
Response Time:
*
Mode 3, Vcm = 1.5 V
ns
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
Positive Hysteresis 1
Positive Hysteresis 2
Positive Hysteresis 3
Positive Hysteresis 4
Negative Hysteresis 1
Negative Hysteresis 2
Negative Hysteresis 3
Negative Hysteresis 4
mV/V
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
V
CPnHYP1–0 = 00
CPnHYP1–0 = 01
CPnHYP1–0 = 10
CPnHYP1–0 = 11
CPnHYN1–0 = 00
CPnHYN1–0 = 01
CPnHYN1–0 = 10
CPnHYN1–0 = 11
2
6
10
20
40
2
5
11
13
-2
21
0
2
6
10
20
40
5
11
13
–0.25
21
Inverting or Non-Inverting Input
Voltage Range
—
V
+ 0.25
IO
Input Capacitance
Input Offset Voltage
—
8
—
pF
–10
—
+10
mV
Power Supply
Power Supply Rejection
Power-Up Time
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.33
3
—
—
20
10
7.5
3
mV/V
µs
Mode 0
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
6.2
3.8
2.6
0.6
µA
µA
Supply Current at DC
µA
µA
*Note: Vcm is the common-mode voltage on CP0+ and CP0–.
Rev. 1.1
51
C8051F50x-F51x
6. 12-Bit ADC (ADC0)
The ADC0 on the C8051F50x-F51x consists of an analog multiplexer (AMUX0) with 35/28 total input
selections and a 200 ksps, 12-bit successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC with integrated track-and-
hold, programmable window detector, programmable attenuation (1:2), and hardware accumulator. The
ADC0 subsystem has a special Burst Mode which can automatically enable ADC0, capture and accumu-
late samples, then place ADC0 in a low power shutdown mode without CPU intervention. The AMUX0,
data conversion modes, and window detector are all configurable under software control via the Special
Function Registers shows in Figure 6.1. ADC0 inputs are single-ended and may be configured to measure
P0.0-P3.7, the Temperature Sensor output, V , or GND with respect to GND. The voltage reference for
DD
ADC0 is selected as described in Section “7. Temperature Sensor” on page 72. ADC0 is enabled when the
AD0EN bit in the ADC0 Control register (ADC0CN) is set to logic 1, or when performing conversions in
Burst Mode. ADC0 is in low power shutdown when AD0EN is logic 0 and no Burst Mode conversions are
taking place.
ADC0CN
ADC0MX
ADC0TK
*Available on 48-pin and
40-pin packages
00
01
10
11
AD0BUSY (W)
Start
Conversion
VDD
P0.0
Start
Conversion
Timer 1 Overflow
SYSCLK
Burst Mode
Logic
CNVSTR Input
Timer 2 Overflow
P0.7
P1.0
Burst Mode
Oscillator
25 MHz Max
12-Bit
SAR
P1.7
P2.0
Selectable
Gain
Accumulator
35-to-1
AMUX0
ADC
P2.7
P3.0
P3.1*
ADC0GNH ADC0GNL ADC0GNA
AD0WINT
Window
Compare
Logic
P3.7*
VDD
32
ADC0LTH ADC0LTL
ADC0GTH ADC0GTL
Temp Sensor
GND
ADC0CF
Figure 6.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram
52
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
6.1. Modes of Operation
In a typical system, ADC0 is configured using the following steps:
1. If a gain adjustment is required, refer to Section “6.3. Selectable Gain” on page 58.
2. Choose the start of conversion source.
3. Choose Normal Mode or Burst Mode operation.
4. If Burst Mode, choose the ADC0 Idle Power State and set the Power-Up Time.
5. Choose the tracking mode. Note that Pre-Tracking Mode can only be used with Normal Mode.
6. Calculate the required settling time and set the post convert-start tracking time using the AD0TK bits.
7. Choose the repeat count.
8. Choose the output word justification (Right-Justified or Left-Justified).
9. Enable or disable the End of Conversion and Window Comparator Interrupts.
6.1.1. Starting a Conversion
A conversion can be initiated in one of four ways, depending on the programmed states of the ADC0 Start
of Conversion Mode bits (AD0CM1–0) in register ADC0CN. Conversions may be initiated by one of the fol-
lowing:
Writing a 1 to the AD0BUSY bit of register ADC0CN
A rising edge on the CNVSTR input signal (pin P0.1)
A Timer 1 overflow (i.e., timed continuous conversions)
A Timer 2 overflow (i.e., timed continuous conversions)
Writing a 1 to AD0BUSY provides software control of ADC0 whereby conversions are performed "on-
demand.” During conversion, the AD0BUSY bit is set to logic 1 and reset to logic 0 when the conversion is
complete. The falling edge of AD0BUSY triggers an interrupt (when enabled) and sets the ADC0 interrupt
flag (AD0INT). Note: When polling for ADC conversion completions, the ADC0 interrupt flag (AD0INT)
should be used. Converted data is available in the ADC0 data registers, ADC0H:ADC0L, when bit AD0INT
is logic 1. Note that when Timer 2 overflows are used as the conversion source, Low Byte overflows are
used if Timer2 is in 8-bit mode; High byte overflows are used if Timer 2 is in 16-bit mode. See Section
“26. Timers” on page 265 for timer configuration.
Important Note About Using CNVSTR: The CNVSTR input pin also functions as Port pin P0.1. When the
CNVSTR input is used as the ADC0 conversion source, Port pin P0.1 should be skipped by the Digital
Crossbar. To configure the Crossbar to skip P0.1, set to 1 Bit1 in register P0SKIP. See Section “20. Port
Input/Output” on page 177 for details on Port I/O configuration.
6.1.2. Tracking Modes
Each ADC0 conversion must be preceded by a minimum tracking time for the converted result to be accu-
rate. ADC0 has three tracking modes: Pre-Tracking, Post-Tracking, and Dual-Tracking. Pre-Tracking Mode
provides the minimum delay between the convert start signal and end of conversion by tracking continu-
ously before the convert start signal. This mode requires software management in order to meet minimum
tracking requirements. In Post-Tracking Mode, a programmable tracking time starts after the convert start
signal and is managed by hardware. Dual-Tracking Mode maximizes tracking time by tracking before and
after the convert start signal. Figure 6.2 shows examples of the three tracking modes.
Pre-Tracking Mode is selected when AD0TM is set to 10b. Conversions are started immediately following
the convert start signal. ADC0 is tracking continuously when not performing a conversion. Software must
allow at least the minimum tracking time between each end of conversion and the next convert start signal.
The minimum tracking time must also be met prior to the first convert start signal after ADC0 is enabled.
Rev. 1.1
53
C8051F50x-F51x
Post-Tracking Mode is selected when AD0TM is set to 01b. A programmable tracking time based on
AD0TK is started immediately following the convert start signal. Conversions are started after the pro-
grammed tracking time ends. After a conversion is complete, ADC0 does not track the input. Rather, the
sampling capacitor remains disconnected from the input making the input pin high-impedance until the
next convert start signal.
Dual-Tracking Mode is selected when AD0TM is set to 11b. A programmable tracking time based on
AD0TK is started immediately following the convert start signal. Conversions are started after the pro-
grammed tracking time ends. After a conversion is complete, ADC0 tracks continuously until the next con-
version is started.
Depending on the output connected to the ADC input, additional tracking time, more than is specified in
Table 5.9, may be required after changing MUX settings. See the settling time requirements described in
Section “6.2.1. Settling Time Requirements” on page 57.
Convert Start
Pre-Tracking
AD0TM = 10
Track
Idle
Convert
Track
Convert ...
Post-Tracking
AD0TM= 01
Track
Track
Convert
Convert
Idle
Track Convert..
Track Convert..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
Track
Track
Figure 6.2. ADC0 Tracking Modes
6.1.3. Timing
ADC0 has a maximum conversion speed specified in Table 5.9. ADC0 is clocked from the ADC0 Subsys-
tem Clock (FCLK). The source of FCLK is selected based on the BURSTEN bit. When BURSTEN is
logic 0, FCLK is derived from the current system clock. When BURSTEN is logic 1, FCLK is derived from
the Burst Mode Oscillator, an independent clock source with a maximum frequency of 25 MHz.
When ADC0 is performing a conversion, it requires a clock source that is typically slower than FCLK. The
ADC0 SAR conversion clock (SAR clock) is a divided version of FCLK. The divide ratio can be configured
using the AD0SC bits in the ADC0CF register. The maximum SAR clock frequency is listed in Table 5.9.
ADC0 can be in one of three states at any given time: tracking, converting, or idle. Tracking time depends
on the tracking mode selected. For Pre-Tracking Mode, tracking is managed by software and ADC0 starts
conversions immediately following the convert start signal. For Post-Tracking and Dual-Tracking Modes,
the tracking time after the convert start signal is equal to the value determined by the AD0TK bits plus 2
FCLK cycles. Tracking is immediately followed by a conversion. The ADC0 conversion time is always 13
SAR clock cycles plus an additional 2 FCLK cycles to start and complete a conversion. Figure 6.3 shows
timing diagrams for a conversion in Pre-Tracking Mode and tracking plus conversion in Post-Tracking or
Dual-Tracking Mode. In this example, repeat count is set to one.
54
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Convert Start
Pre-Tracking Mode
S12 S13
...
Time
F
S1
S2
F
ADC0 State
AD0INT Flag
Convert
Post-Tracking or Dual-Tracking Modes (AD0TK = ‘00')
...
Time
ADC0 State
AD0INT Flag
F
S1
S2 F F S1
S2
S12 S13
F
Track
Convert
Key
F
Equal to one period of FCLK.
Each Sn is equal to one period of the SAR clock.
Figure 6.3. 12-Bit ADC Tracking Mode Example
Sn
6.1.4. Burst Mode
Burst Mode is a power saving feature that allows ADC0 to remain in a very low power state between con-
versions. When Burst Mode is enabled, ADC0 wakes from a very low power state, accumulates 1, 4, 8, or
16 samples using an internal Burst Mode clock (approximately 25 MHz), then re-enters a very low power
state. Since the Burst Mode clock is independent of the system clock, ADC0 can perform multiple conver-
sions then enter a very low power state within a single system clock cycle, even if the system clock is slow
(e.g., 32.768 kHz), or suspended.
Burst Mode is enabled by setting BURSTEN to logic 1. When in Burst Mode, AD0EN controls the ADC0
idle power state (i.e. the state ADC0 enters when not tracking or performing conversions). If AD0EN is set
to logic 0, ADC0 is powered down after each burst. If AD0EN is set to logic 1, ADC0 remains enabled after
each burst. On each convert start signal, ADC0 is awakened from its Idle Power State. If ADC0 is powered
down, it will automatically power up and wait the programmable Power-Up Time controlled by the
AD0PWR bits. Otherwise, ADC0 will start tracking and converting immediately. Figure 6.4 shows an exam-
ple of Burst Mode Operation with a slow system clock and a repeat count of 4.
Important Note: When Burst Mode is enabled, only Post-Tracking and Dual-Tracking modes can be used.
When Burst Mode is enabled, a single convert start will initiate a number of conversions equal to the repeat
count. When Burst Mode is disabled, a convert start is required to initiate each conversion. In both modes,
the ADC0 End of Conversion Interrupt Flag (AD0INT) will be set after “repeat count” conversions have
Rev. 1.1
55
C8051F50x-F51x
been accumulated. Similarly, the Window Comparator will not compare the result to the greater-than and
less-than registers until “repeat count” conversions have been accumulated.
Note: When using Burst Mode, care must be taken to issue a convert start signal no faster than once every
four SYSCLK periods. This includes external convert start signals.
System Clock
Convert Start
Post-Tracking
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Idle
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Idle
AD0TM = 01
AD0EN = 0
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
T
T
C..
C..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
AD0EN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
AD0PW R
Post-Tracking
AD0TM = 01
AD0EN = 1
Idle
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
Idle
T
T
C
C
T
T
C
C
T
T
C..
C..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
AD0EN = 1
Track
Track
T = Tracking
C = Converting
Figure 6.4. 12-Bit ADC Burst Mode Example With Repeat Count Set to 4
56
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
6.2. Output Code Formatting
The registers ADC0H and ADC0L contain the high and low bytes of the output conversion code. When the
repeat count is set to 1, conversion codes are represented in 12-bit unsigned integer format and the output
conversion code is updated after each conversion. Inputs are measured from 0 to V
x 4095/4096. Data
REF
can be right-justified or left-justified, depending on the setting of the AD0LJST bit (ADC0CN.2). Unused
bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to 0. Example codes are shown below for both right-justi-
fied and left-justified data.
Input Voltage
Right-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 0)
Left-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 1)
VREF x 4095/4096
VREF x 2048/4096
VREF x 2047/4096
0
0x0FFF
0x0800
0x07FF
0x0000
0xFFF0
0x8000
0x7FF0
0x0000
When the ADC0 Repeat Count is greater than 1, the output conversion code represents the accumulated
result of the conversions performed and is updated after the last conversion in the series is finished. Sets
of 4, 8, or 16 consecutive samples can be accumulated and represented in unsigned integer format. The
repeat count can be selected using the AD0RPT bits in the ADC0CF register. The value must be right-jus-
tified (AD0LJST = 0), and unused bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to 0. The following
n
example shows right-justified codes for repeat counts greater than 1. Notice that accumulating 2 samples
is equivalent to left-shifting by n bit positions when all samples returned from the ADC have the same
value.
Input Voltage
Repeat Count = 4
Repeat Count = 8
Repeat Count = 16
V
V
V
x 4095/4096
x 2048/4096
x 2047/4096
0
0x3FFC
0x2000
0x1FFC
0x0000
0x7FF8
0x4000
0x3FF8
0x0000
0xFFF0
0x8000
0x7FF0
0x0000
REF
REF
REF
6.2.1. Settling Time Requirements
A minimum tracking time is required before an accurate conversion is performed. This tracking time is
determined by any series impedance, including the AMUX0 resistance, the ADC0 sampling capacitance,
and the accuracy required for the conversion.
Figure 6.5 shows the equivalent ADC0 input circuit. The required ADC0 settling time for a given settling
accuracy (SA) may be approximated by Equation 6.1. When measuring the Temperature Sensor output,
use the settling time specified in Table 5.10 on page 50. When measuring V with respect to GND, R
DD
TO-
reduces to R
. See Table 5.9 for ADC0 minimum settling time requirements as well as the mux
MUX
TAL
impedance and sampling capacitor values.
2n
SA
-------
t = ln
RTOTALCSAMPLE
Equation 6.1. ADC0 Settling Time Requirements
Where:
SA is the settling accuracy, given as a fraction of an LSB (for example, 0.25 to settle within 1/4 LSB)
t is the required settling time in seconds
R
is the sum of the AMUX0 resistance and any external source resistance.
TOTAL
n is the ADC resolution in bits (10).
Rev. 1.1
57
C8051F50x-F51x
M U X S e le c t
P x .x
R M U X
C S A M P L E
R C In p u t= R M U X * C S A M P L E
Figure 6.5. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuit
6.3. Selectable Gain
ADC0 on the C8051F50x-F51x family of devices implements a selectable gain adjustment option. By writ-
ing a value to the gain adjust address range, the user can select gain values between 0 and 1.016.
For example, three analog sources to be measured have full-scale outputs of 5.0 V, 4.0 V, and 3.0 V,
respectively. Each ADC measurement would ideally use the full dynamic range of the ADC with an internal
voltage reference of 1.5 V or 2.2 V (set to 2.2 V for this example). When selecting the first source (5.0 V
full-scale), a gain value of 0.44 (5 V full scale x 0.44 = 2.2 V full scale) provides a full-scale signal of 2.2 V
when the input signal is 5.0 V. Likewise, a gain value of 0.55 (4 V full scale x 0.55 = 2.2 V full scale) for the
second source and 0.73 (3 V full scale x 0.73 = 2.2 V full scale) for the third source provide full-scale ADC0
measurements when the input signal is full-scale.
Additionally, some sensors or other input sources have small part-to-part variations that must be
accounted for to achieve accurate results. In this case, the programmable gain value could be used as a
calibration value to eliminate these part-to-part variations.
6.3.1. Calculating the Gain Value
The ADC0 selectable gain feature is controlled by 13 bits in three registers. ADC0GNH contains the 8
upper bits of the gain value and ADC0GNL contains the 4 lower bits of the gain value. The final GAINADD
bit (ADC0GNA.0) controls an optional extra 1/64 (0.016) of gain that can be added in addition to the
ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL gain. The ADC0GNA.0 bit is set to 1 after a power-on reset.
The equivalent gain for the ADC0GNH, ADC0GNL and ADC0GNA registers is as follows:
GAIN
4096
1
64
---------------
-----
gain =
+ GAINADD
Equation 6.2. Equivalent Gain from the ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL Registers
Where:
GAIN is the 12-bit word of ADC0GNH[7:0] and ADC0GNL[7:4]
GAINADD is the value of the GAINADD bit (ADC0GNA.0)
gain is the equivalent gain value from 0 to 1.016
58
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
For example, if ADC0GNH = 0xFC, ADC0GNL = 0x00, and GAINADD = 1, GAIN = 0xFC0 = 4032, and the
resulting equation is as follows:
4032
------------
1
64
------
GAIN =
+ 1
= 0.984 + 0.016 = 1.0
4096
The table below equates values in the ADC0GNH, ADC0GNL, and ADC0GNA registers to the equivalent
gain using this equation.
ADC0GNH Value
ADC0GNL Value
GAINADD Value
GAIN Value
Equivalent Gain
0xFC (default)
0x7C
0x00 (default)
0x00
1 (default)
4032 + 64
1984 + 64
3008 + 64
960 + 64
4095 + 0
4096 + 64
1.0 (default)
0.5
1
1
1
0
1
0xBC
0x3C
0xFF
0xFF
0x00
0x00
0xF0
0xF0
0.75
0.25
~1.0
1.016
For any desired gain value, the GAIN registers can be calculated by the following:
1
64
-----
GAIN = gain – GAINADD
4096
Equation 6.3. Calculating the ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL Values from the Desired Gain
Where:
GAIN is the 12-bit word of ADC0GNH[7:0] and ADC0GNL[7:4]
GAINADD is the value of the GAINADD bit (ADC0GNA.0)
gain is the equivalent gain value from 0 to 1.016
When calculating the value of GAIN to load into the ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL registers, the GAINADD bit
can be turned on or off to reach a value closer to the desired gain value.
For example, the initial example in this section requires a gain of 0.44 to convert 5 V full scale to 2.2 V full
scale. Using Equation 6.3:
1
64
-----
GAIN = 0.44 – GAINADD
4096
If GAINADD is set to 1, this makes the equation:
1
64
-----
GAIN = 0.44 – 1
4096 = 0.424 4096 = 1738 = 0x06CA
The actual gain from setting GAINADD to 1 and ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL to 0x6CA is 0.4399. A similar
gain can be achieved if GAINADD is set to 0 with a different value for ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL.
Rev. 1.1
59
C8051F50x-F51x
6.3.2. Setting the Gain Value
The three programmable gain registers are accessed indirectly using the ADC0H and ADC0L registers
when the GAINEN bit (ADC0CF.0) bit is set. ADC0H acts as the address register, and ADC0L is the data
register. The programmable gain registers can only be written to and cannot be read. See Gain Register
Definition 6.1, Gain Register Definition 6.2, and Gain Register Definition 6.3 for more information.
The gain is programmed using the following steps:
1. Set the GAINEN bit (ADC0CF.0)
2. Load the ADC0H with the ADC0GNH, ADC0GNL, or ADC0GNA address.
3. Load ADC0L with the desired value for the selected gain register.
4. Reset the GAINEN bit (ADC0CF.0)
Notes:
1. An ADC conversion should not be performed while the GAINEN bit is set.
2. Even with gain enabled, the maximum input voltage must be less than VREGIN and the maximum
voltage of the signal after gain must be less than or equal to VREF
.
In code, changing the value to 0.44 gain from the previous example looks like:
// in ‘C’:
ADC0CF |= 0x01;
ADC0H = 0x04;
ADC0L = 0x6C;
ADC0H = 0x07;
ADC0L = 0xA0;
ADC0H = 0x08;
ADC0L = 0x01;
ADC0CF &= ~0x01;
// GAINEN = 1
// Load the ADC0GNH address
// Load the upper byte of 0x6CA to ADC0GNH
// Load the ADC0GNL address
// Load the lower nibble of 0x6CA to ADC0GNL
// Load the ADC0GNA address
// Set the GAINADD bit
// GAINEN = 0
; in assembly
ORL ADC0CF,#01H
MOV ADC0H,#04H
MOV ADC0L,#06CH
MOV ADC0H,#07H
MOV ADC0L,#0A0H
MOV ADC0H,#08H
MOV ADC0L,#01H
ANL ADC0CF,#0FEH
; GAINEN = 1
; Load the ADC0GNH address
; Load the upper byte of 0x6CA to ADC0GNH
; Load the ADC0GNL address
; Load the lower nibble of 0x6CA to ADC0GNL
; Load the ADC0GNA address
; Set the GAINADD bit
; GAINEN = 0
60
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Gain Register Definition 6.1. ADC0GNH: ADC0 Selectable Gain High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GAINH[7:0]
Name
Type
Reset
W
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x04;
Bit Name
7:0 GAINH[7:0]
Function
ADC0 Gain High Byte.
See Section 6.3.1 for details on calculating the value for this register.
Note: This register is accessed indirectly; See Section 6.3.2 for details for writing this register.
Gain Register Definition 6.2. ADC0GNL: ADC0 Selectable Gain Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GAINL[3:0]
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
Name
Type
Reset
W
W
0
W
0
W
0
W
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x07;
Bit Name
7:4 GAINL[3:0]
Function
ADC0 Gain Lower 4 Bits.
See Figure 6.3.1 for details for setting this register.
This register is only accessed indirectly through the ADC0H and ADC0L register.
Reserved Must Write 0000b
3:0
Note: This register is accessed indirectly; See Section 6.3.2 for details for writing this register.
Rev. 1.1
61
C8051F50x-F51x
Gain Register Definition 6.3. ADC0GNA: ADC0 Additional Selectable Gain
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved GAINADD
Name
Type
Reset
W
0
W
0
W
0
W
0
W
0
W
0
W
0
W
1
Indirect Address = 0x08;
Bit
7:1
0
Name
Function
Reserved Must Write 0000000b.
GAINADD ADC0 Additional Gain Bit.
Setting this bit add 1/64 (0.016) gain to the gain value in the ADC0GNH and
ADC0GNL registers.
Note: This register is accessed indirectly; See Section 6.3.2 for details for writing this register.
62
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.4. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD0SC[4:0]
AD0RPT[1:0]
R/W R/W
GAINEN
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
1
R/W
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
SFR Address = 0xBC; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:3 AD0SC[4:0] ADC0 SAR Conversion Clock Period Bits.
SAR Conversion clock is derived from system clock by the following equation, where
AD0SC refers to the 5-bit value held in bits AD0SC4–0. SAR Conversion clock
requirements are given in the ADC specification table
BURSTEN = 0: FCLK is the current system clock
BURSTEN = 1: FLCLK is a maximum of 30 Mhz, independent of the current system
clock..
FCLK
AD0SC = -------------------- – 1
CLKSAR
Note: Round up the result of the calculation for AD0SC
2:1 A0RPT[1:0] ADC0 Repeat Count
Controls the number of conversions taken and accumulated between ADC0 End of
Conversion (ADCINT) and ADC0 Window Comparator (ADCWINT) interrupts. A con-
vert start is required for each conversion unless Burst Mode is enabled. In Burst
Mode, a single convert start can initiate multiple self-timed conversions. Results in
both modes are accumulated in the ADC0H:ADC0L register. When AD0RPT1–0 are
set to a value other than '00', the AD0LJST bit in the ADC0CN register must be
set to '0' (right justified).
00: 1 conversion is performed.
01: 4 conversions are performed and accumulated.
10: 8 conversions are performed and accumulated.
11: 16 conversions are performed and accumulated.
0
GAINEN Gain Enable Bit.
Controls the gain programming. Refer to Section “6.3. Selectable Gain” on page 58
for information about using this bit.
Rev. 1.1
63
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.5. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC0H[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xBE; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 ADC0H[7:0] ADC0 Data Word High-Order Bits.
For AD0LJST = 0 and AD0RPT as follows:
Function
00: Bits 3–0 are the upper 4 bits of the 12-bit result. Bits 7–4 are 0000b.
01: Bits 4–0 are the upper 5 bits of the 14-bit result. Bits 7–5 are 000b.
10: Bits 5–0 are the upper 6 bits of the 15-bit result. Bits 7–6 are 00b.
11: Bits 7–0 are the upper 8 bits of the 16-bit result.
For AD0LJST = 1 (AD0RPT must be 00): Bits 7–0 are the most-significant bits of the
ADC0 12-bit result.
SFR Definition 6.6. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC0L[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xBD; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 ADC0L[7:0] ADC0 Data Word Low-Order Bits.
Function
For AD0LJST = 0: Bits 7–0 are the lower 8 bits of the ADC0 Accumulated Result.
For AD0LJST = 1 (AD0RPT must be '00'): Bits 7–4 are the lower 4 bits of the 12-bit
result. Bits 3–0 are 0000b.
64
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.7. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD0EN BURSTEN AD0INT AD0BUSY AD0WINT AD0LJST
AD0CM[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE8; SFR Page = 0x00; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7
AD0EN
ADC0 Enable Bit.
0: ADC0 Disabled. ADC0 is in low-power shutdown.
1: ADC0 Enabled. ADC0 is active and ready for data conversions.
6
5
4
BURSTEN ADC0 Burst Mode Enable Bit.
0: Burst Mode Disabled.
1: Burst Mode Enabled.
AD0INT
ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Flag.
0: ADC0 has not completed a data conversion since AD0INT was last cleared.
1: ADC0 has completed a data conversion.
AD0BUSY ADC0 Busy Bit.
Read:
Write:
0: ADC0 conversion is not 0: No Effect.
in progress.
1: Initiates ADC0 Conver-
1: ADC0 conversion is in
progress.
sion if AD0CM[1:0] = 00b
3
2
AD0WINT ADC0 Window Compare Interrupt Flag.
This bit must be cleared by software
0: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has not occurred since this flag was last
cleared.
1: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has occurred.
AD0LJST ADC0 Left Justify Select Bit.
0: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers is right-justified
1: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers is left-justified. This option should not be used
with a repeat count greater than 1 (when AD0RPT[1:0] is 01b, 10b, or 11b).
1:0 AD0CM[1:0] ADC0 Start of Conversion Mode Select.
00: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is write of 1 to AD0BUSY.
01: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is overflow of Timer 1.
10: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is rising edge of external CNVSTR.
11: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is overflow of Timer 2.
Rev. 1.1
65
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.8. ADC0TK: ADC0 Tracking Mode Select
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD0PWR[3:0]
R/W
AD0TM[1:0]
R/W
AD0TK[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xBA; SFR Page = 0x00;
Bit Name
7:4 AD0PWR[3:0] ADC0 Burst Power-Up Time.
For BURSTEN = 0: ADC0 Power state controlled by AD0EN
Function
For BURSTEN = 1, AD0EN = 1: ADC0 remains enabled and does not enter the
very low power state
For BURSTEN = 1, AD0EN = 0: ADC0 enters the very low power state and is
enabled after each convert start signal. The Power-Up time is programmed accord-
ing the following equation:
Tstartup
AD0PWR = ----------------------- – 1 orTstartup = AD0PWR + 1200ns
200ns
3:2
1:0
AD0TM[1:0] ADC0 Tracking Mode Enable Select Bits.
00: Reserved.
01: ADC0 is configured to Post-Tracking Mode.
10: ADC0 is configured to Pre-Tracking Mode.
11: ADC0 is configured to Dual Tracking Mode.
AD0TK[1:0] ADC0 Post-Track Time.
00: Post-Tracking time is equal to 2 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
01: Post-Tracking time is equal to 4 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
10: Post-Tracking time is equal to 8 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
11: Post-Tracking time is equal to 16 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
6.4. Programmable Window Detector
The ADC Programmable Window Detector continuously compares the ADC0 output registers to user-pro-
grammed limits, and notifies the system when a desired condition is detected. This is especially effective in
an interrupt-driven system, saving code space and CPU bandwidth while delivering faster system
response times. The window detector interrupt flag (AD0WINT in register ADC0CN) can also be used in
polled mode. The ADC0 Greater-Than (ADC0GTH, ADC0GTL) and Less-Than (ADC0LTH, ADC0LTL)
registers hold the comparison values. The window detector flag can be programmed to indicate when mea-
sured data is inside or outside of the user-programmed limits, depending on the contents of the ADC0
Less-Than and ADC0 Greater-Than registers.
66
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.9. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC0GTH[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xC4; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:0 ADC0GTH[7:0] ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word High-Order Bits.
SFR Definition 6.10. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC0GTL[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xC3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:0 ADC0GTL[7:0] ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word Low-Order Bits.
Rev. 1.1
67
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.11. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC0LTH[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC6; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:0 ADC0LTH[7:0] ADC0 Less-Than Data Word High-Order Bits.
SFR Definition 6.12. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC0LTL[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC5; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:0 ADC0LTL[7:0] ADC0 Less-Than Data Word Low-Order Bits.
6.4.1. Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode
Figure 6.6
shows
two
example
window
comparisons
for
right-justified
data
with
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL = 0x0200 (512d) and ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL = 0x0100 (256d). The input voltage can
range from 0 to VREF x (4095/4096) with respect to GND, and is represented by a 12-bit unsigned integer
value. The repeat count is set to one. In the left example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the
ADC0 conversion word (ADC0H:ADC0L) is within the range defined by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL (if 0x0100 < ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0200). In the right example, and AD0WINT interrupt
will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word is outside of the range defined by the ADC0GT and
ADC0LT registers (if ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0100 or ADC0H:ADC0L > 0x0200). Figure 6.7 shows an exam-
ple using left-justified data with the same comparison values.
68
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
ADC0H:ADC0L
0x0FFF
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
VREF x (4095/4096)
VREF x (1023/
1024)
0x0FFF
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x0201
0x0201
VREF x (512/4096)
VREF x (256/4096)
0x0200
0x01FF
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (512/4096)
VREF x (256/4096)
0x0200
0x01FF
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x0101
0x0100
0x0101
0x0100
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0x00FF
0x00FF
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
0x0000
0x0000
0
0
Figure 6.6. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Data
ADC0H:ADC0L
0xFFF0
ADC0H:ADC0L
0xFFF0
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
VREF x (4095/4096)
VREF x (4095/4096)
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x2010
0x2010
VREF x (512/4096)
VREF x (256/4096)
0x2000
0x1FF0
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (512/4096)
VREF x (256/4096)
0x2000
0x1FF0
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x1010
0x1000
0x1010
0x1000
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0x0FF0
0x0FF0
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
0x0000
0x0000
0
0
Figure 6.7. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Data
Rev. 1.1
69
C8051F50x-F51x
6.5. ADC0 Analog Multiplexer
ADC0 includes an analog multiplexer to enable multiple analog input sources. Any of the following may be
selected as an input: P0.0–P3.7, the on-chip temperature sensor, the core power supply (VDD), or ground
(GND). ADC0 is single-ended and all signals measured are with respect to GND. The ADC0 input
channels are selected using the ADC0MX register as described in SFR Definition 6.13.
ADC0MX
P0.0
P0.7
P1.0
P1.7
P2.0
AMUX
ADC0
P2.7
P3.0
P3.7
*P3.1-P3.7 Only available as
inputs on 48-pin and 40-pin
packages
Temp
Sensor
VDD
GND
Figure 6.8. ADC0 Multiplexer Block Diagram
Important Note About ADC0 Input Configuration: Port pins selected as ADC0 inputs should be config-
ured as analog inputs, and should be skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure a Port pin for analog
input, set to 0 the corresponding bit in register PnMDIN. To force the Crossbar to skip a Port pin, set to 1
the corresponding bit in register PnSKIP. See Section “20. Port Input/Output” on page 177 for more Port
I/O configuration details.
70
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 6.13. ADC0MX: ADC0 Channel Select
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Type
Reset
ADC0MX[5:0]
R/W
R
0
R
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xBB; SFR Page = 0x00;
Bit
Name
Function
7:6
Unused
Read = 00b; Write = Don’t Care.
5:0 AMX0P[5:0]
AMUX0 Positive Input Selection.
000000:
000001:
000010:
000011:
000100:
000101:
000110:
000111:
001000:
001001:
001010:
001011:
001100:
001101:
001110:
001111:
010000:
010001:
010010:
010011:
010100:
010101:
010110:
010111:
011000:
011001:
011010:
011011:
011100:
011101:
011110:
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
P3.0
P3.1 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
P3.2 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
P3.3 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
P3.4 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
P3.5 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
P3.6 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
P3.7 (Only available on 48-pin and 40-pin package devices)
Reserved
011111:
100000–101111:
110000:
110001:
110010–111111:
Temp Sensor
VDD
GND
Rev. 1.1
71
C8051F50x-F51x
7. Temperature Sensor
An on-chip temperature sensor is included on the C8051F50x-F51x devices which can be directly
accessed via the ADC multiplexer in single-ended configuration. To use the ADC to measure the tempera-
ture sensor, the ADC multiplexer channel should be configured to connect to the temperature sensor. The
temperature sensor transfer function is shown in Figure 7.1. The output voltage (VTEMP) is the positive
ADC input is selected by bits AD0MX[4:0] in register ADC0MX. The TEMPE bit in register REF0CN
enables/disables the temperature sensor, as described in SFR Definition 8.1. While disabled, the tempera-
ture sensor defaults to a high impedance state and any ADC measurements performed on the sensor will
result in meaningless data. Refer to Table 5.10 for the slope and offset parameters of the temperature sen-
sor.
VTEMP = (Slope x TempC) + Offset
TempC = (VTEMP - Offset) / Slope
Slope (V / deg C)
Offset (V at 0 Celsius)
Temperature
Figure 7.1. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function
72
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
8. Voltage Reference
The Voltage reference multiplexer on the C8051F50x-F51x devices is configurable to use an externally
connected voltage reference, the on-chip reference voltage generator routed to the VREF pin, or the VDD
power supply voltage (see Figure 8.1). The REFSL bit in the Reference Control register (REF0CN, SFR
Definition 8.1) selects the reference source for the ADC. For an external source or the on-chip reference,
REFSL should be set to 0 to select the VREF pin. To use VDD as the reference source, REFSL should be
set to 1.
The BIASE bit enables the internal voltage bias generator, which is used by the ADC, Temperature Sensor,
and internal oscillator. This bias is automatically enabled when any peripheral which requires it is enabled,
and it does not need to be enabled manually. The bias generator may be enabled manually by writing a 1
to the BIASE bit in register REF0CN. The electrical specifications for the voltage reference circuit are given
in Table 5.11.
The on-chip voltage reference circuit consists of a temperature stable bandgap voltage reference genera-
tor and a gain-of-two output buffer amplifier. The output voltage is selectable between 1.5 V and 2.25 V.
The on-chip voltage reference can be driven on the VREF pin by setting the REFBE bit in register REF0CN
to a 1. The maximum load seen by the VREF pin must be less than 200 µA to GND. Bypass capacitors of
0.1 µF and 4.7 µF are recommended from the VREF pin to GND. If the on-chip reference is not used, the
REFBE bit should be cleared to 0. Electrical specifications for the on-chip voltage reference are given in
Table 5.11.
Important Note about the VREF Pin: When using either an external voltage reference or the on-chip ref-
erence circuitry, the VREF pin should be configured as an analog pin and skipped by the Digital Crossbar.
Refer to Section “20. Port Input/Output” on page 177 for the location of the VREF pin, as well as details of
how to configure the pin in analog mode and to be skipped by the crossbar.
REF0CN
To ADC, Internal
Oscillators
EN
EN
Bias Generator
Temp Sensor
IOSCE
N
VDD
External
Voltage
To Analog Mux
Reference
Circuit
R1
VREF
0
1
VREF
(to ADC)
GND
VDD
REFBE
+
4.7F
0.1F
EN
Internal
Reference
Recommended Bypass
Capacitors
Figure 8.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
73
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 8.1. REF0CN: Reference Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ZTCEN
REFLV
REFSL
TEMPE
BIASE
REFBE
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xD1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
7:6
5
Name
Unused Read = 00b; Write = don’t care.
ZTCEN Zero Temperature Coefficient Bias Enable Bit.
Function
0: ZeroTC Bias Generator automatically enabled when required.
1: ZeroTC Bias Generator forced on.
4
3
REFLV Voltage Reference Output Level Select.
This bit selects the output voltage level for the internal voltage reference
0: Internal voltage reference set to 1.5 V.
1: Internal voltage reference set to 2.20 V.
REFSL Voltage Reference Select.
This bit selects the ADCs voltage reference.
0: VREF pin used as voltage reference.
1: VDD used as voltage reference.
2
1
0
TEMPE Temperature Sensor Enable Bit.
0: Internal Temperature Sensor off.
1: Internal Temperature Sensor on.
BIASE Internal Analog Bias Generator Enable Bit.
0: Internal Bias Generator off.
1: Internal Bias Generator on.
REFBE On-chip Reference Buffer Enable Bit.
0: On-chip Reference Buffer off.
1: On-chip Reference Buffer on. Internal voltage reference driven on the VREF pin.
74
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
9. Comparators
The C8051F50x-F51x devices include two on-chip programmable voltage Comparators. A block diagram
of the comparators is shown in Figure 9.1, where “n” is the comparator number (0 or 1). The two Compara-
tors operate identically except that Comparator0 can also be used a reset source. For input selection
details, refer to SFR Definition 9.5 and SFR Definition 9.6.
Each Comparator offers programmable response time and hysteresis, an analog input multiplexer, and two
outputs that are optionally available at the Port pins: a synchronous “latched” output (CP0, CP1), or an
asynchronous “raw” output (CP0A, CP1A). The asynchronous signal is available even when the system
clock is not active. This allows the Comparators to operate and generate an output with the device in
STOP mode. When assigned to a Port pin, the Comparator outputs may be configured as open drain or
push-pull (see Section “20.4. Port I/O Initialization” on page 182). Comparator0 may also be used as a
reset source (see Section “17.5. Comparator0 Reset” on page 145).
The Comparator0 inputs are selected in the CPT0MX register (SFR Definition 9.5). The CMX0P1-CMX0P0
bits select the Comparator0 positive input; the CMX0N1-CMX0N0 bits select the Comparator0 negative
input. The Comparator1 inputs are selected in the CPT1MX register (SFR Definition 9.6). The CMX1P1-
CMX1P0 bits select the Comparator1 positive input; the CMX1N1-CMX1N0 bits select the Comparator1
negative input.
Important Note About Comparator Inputs: The Port pins selected as Comparator inputs should be con-
figured as analog inputs in their associated Port configuration register, and configured to be skipped by the
Crossbar (for details on Port configuration, see Section “20.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation” on page 178).
CPTnCN
VIO
CPn +
+
CPn
Comparator
Input Mux
SET
CLR
SET
CLR
D
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
CPn -
-
Crossbar
(SYNCHRONIZER)
CPnA
GND
Reset
Decision
Tree
CPTnMD
0
1
CPn
Interrupt
CPnEN
EA
CPnRIF
CPnFIF
0
0
1
1
0
1
Figure 9.1. Comparator Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
75
C8051F50x-F51x
Comparator outputs can be polled in software, used as an interrupt source, and/or routed to a Port pin.
When routed to a Port pin, Comparator outputs are available asynchronous or synchronous to the system
clock; the asynchronous output is available even in STOP mode (with no system clock active). When dis-
abled, the Comparator output (if assigned to a Port I/O pin via the Crossbar) defaults to the logic low state,
and the power supply to the comparator is turned off. See Section “20.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on
page 180 for details on configuring Comparator outputs via the digital Crossbar. Comparator inputs can be
externally driven from –0.25 V to (VDD) + 0.25 V without damage or upset. The complete Comparator elec-
trical specifications are given in Table 5.12.
The Comparator response time may be configured in software via the CPTnMD registers (see SFR Defini-
tion 9.2). Selecting a longer response time reduces the Comparator supply current. See Table X for com-
plete timing and supply current requirements.
CPn+
VIN+
VIN-
+
CPn
_
OUT
CPn-
CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
Positive Hysteresis Voltage
(Programmed with CPnHYP Bits)
VIN-
Negative Hysteresis Voltage
INPUTS
(Programmed by CPnHYN Bits)
VIN+
VOH
OUTPUT
VOL
Negative Hysteresis
Disabled
Maximum
Negative Hysteresis
Positive Hysteresis
Disabled
Maximum
Positive Hysteresis
Figure 9.2. Comparator Hysteresis Plot
Comparator hysteresis is software-programmable via its Comparator Control register CPTnCN.
The amount of negative hysteresis voltage is determined by the settings of the CPnHYN bits. As shown in
Figure 9.2, various levels of negative hysteresis can be programmed, or negative hysteresis can be dis-
abled. In a similar way, the amount of positive hysteresis is determined by the setting the CPnHYP bits.
Comparator interrupts can be generated on both rising-edge and falling-edge output transitions. (For Inter-
rupt enable and priority control, see Section “9.3. Interrupt Handler” on page 91.) The CPnFIF flag is set to
1 upon a Comparator falling-edge, and the CPnRIF flag is set to 1 upon the Comparator rising-edge. Once
set, these bits remain set until cleared by software. The output state of the Comparator can be obtained at
any time by reading the CPnOUT bit. The Comparator is enabled by setting the CPnEN bit to 1, and is dis-
abled by clearing this bit to 0.
76
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Note that false rising edges and falling edges can be detected when the comparator is first powered on or
if changes are made to the hysteresis or response time control bits. Therefore, it is recommended that the
rising-edge and falling-edge flags be explicitly cleared to logic 0 a short time after the comparator is
enabled or its mode bits have been changed.
SFR Definition 9.1. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP0EN
CP0OUT
CP0RIF
CP0FIF
CP0HYP[1:0]
R/W
CP0HYN[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x9A; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
CP0EN
Comparator0 Enable Bit.
0: Comparator0 Disabled.
1: Comparator0 Enabled.
6
5
4
CP0OUT
CP0RIF
CP0FIF
Comparator0 Output State Flag.
0: Voltage on CP0+ < CP0–.
1: Voltage on CP0+ > CP0–.
Comparator0 Rising-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred.
Comparator0 Falling-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator0 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator0 Falling-Edge has occurred.
3:2 CP0HYP[1:0] Comparator0 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV.
1:0 CP0HYN[1:0] Comparator0 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV.
Rev. 1.1
77
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 9.2. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
CP0MD[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R
0
1
0
SFR Address = 0x9B; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
7:6
5
Name
Unused
CP0RIE
Function
Read = 00b, Write = Don’t Care.
Comparator0 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator0 Rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator0 Rising-edge interrupt enabled.
4
CP0FIE
Unused
Comparator0 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator0 Falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator0 Falling-edge interrupt enabled.
3:2
Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
1:0 CP0MD[1:0] Comparator0 Mode Select.
These bits affect the response time and power consumption for Comparator0.
00: Mode 0 (Fastest Response Time, Highest Power Consumption)
01: Mode 1
10: Mode 2
11: Mode 3 (Slowest Response Time, Lowest Power Consumption)
78
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 9.3. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP1EN
CP1OUT
CP1RIF
CP1FIF
CP1HYP[1:0]
R/W
CP1HYN[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x9D; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
CP1EN
Comparator1 Enable Bit.
0: Comparator1 Disabled.
1: Comparator1 Enabled.
6
5
4
CP1OUT
CP1RIF
CP1FIF
Comparator1 Output State Flag.
0: Voltage on CP1+ < CP1–.
1: Voltage on CP1+ > CP1–.
Comparator1 Rising-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred.
Comparator1 Falling-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred.
3:2 CP1HYP[1:0] Comparator1 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV.
1:0 CP1HYN[1:0] Comparator1 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV.
Rev. 1.1
79
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 9.4. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP1RIE
CP1FIE
CP1MD[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R
0
1
0
SFR Address = 0x9E; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
7:6
5
Name
Unused
CP1RIE
Function
Read = 00b, Write = Don’t Care.
Comparator1 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator1 Rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator1 Rising-edge interrupt enabled.
4
CP1FIE
Unused
Comparator1 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator1 Falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator1 Falling-edge interrupt enabled.
3:2
Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
1:0 CP1MD[1:0] Comparator1 Mode Select.
These bits affect the response time and power consumption for Comparator1.
00: Mode 0 (Fastest Response Time, Highest Power Consumption)
01: Mode 1
10: Mode 2
11: Mode 3 (Slowest Response Time, Lowest Power Consumption)
80
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
9.1. Comparator Multiplexer
C8051F50x-F51x devices include an analog input multiplexer for each of the comparators to connect Port
I/O pins to the comparator inputs. The Comparator0 inputs are selected in the CPT0MX register (SFR Def-
inition 9.5). The CMX0P3–CMX0P0 bits select the Comparator0 positive input; the CMX0N3–CMX0N0 bits
select the Comparator0 negative input. Similarly, the Comparator1 inputs are selected in the CPT1MX reg-
ister using the CMX1P3-CMX1P0 bits and CMX1N3-CMX1N0 bits. The same pins are available to both
multiplexers at the same time and can be used by both comparators simultaneously.
Important Note About Comparator Inputs: The Port pins selected as comparator inputs should be con-
figured as analog inputs in their associated Port configuration register, and configured to be skipped by the
Crossbar (for details on Port configuration, see Section “20.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing
and Configuring Port I/O” on page 191).
CMXnN3
CMXnN2
CMXnN1
CMXnN0
CMXnP3
CMXnP2
CMXnP1
CMXnP0
P0.0
P0.2
VDD
P0.1
P0.4
CPn +
P0.3
P0.5
P0.7
P1.1
P1.3
P1.5
P1.7
P2.1
P2.3
P2.5
P2.7
P0.6
P1.0
+
-
P1.2
P1.4
P1.6
P2.0
P2.2
P2.4
P2.6
GND
CPn -
Figure 9.3. Comparator Input Multiplexer Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
81
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 9.5. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CMX0N[3:0]
R/W
CMX0P[3:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x9C; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:4 CMX0N[3:0] Comparator0 Negative Input MUX Selection.
0000:
0001:
0010:
0011:
0100:
0101:
0110:
0111:
P0.1
P0.3
P0.5
P0.7
P1.1
P1.3
P1.5
P1.7
P2.1
P2.3
P2.5
P2.7
None
1000:
1001:
1010:
1011:
1100–1111:
3:0 CMX0P[3:0] Comparator0 Positive Input MUX Selection.
0000:
0001:
0010:
0011:
0100:
0101:
0110:
0111:
P0.0
P0.2
P0.4
P0.6
P1.0
P1.2
P1.4
P1.6
P2.0
P2.2
P2.4
P2.6
None
1000:
1001:
1010:
1011:
1100–1111:
82
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 9.6. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CMX1N[3:0]
R/W
CMX1P[3:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x9F; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:4 CMX1N[3:0]
Function
Comparator1 Negative Input MUX Selection.
0000:
0001:
0010:
0011:
0100:
0101:
0110:
0111:
P0.1
P0.3
P0.5
P0.7
P1.1
P1.3
P1.5
P1.7
P2.1
P2.3
P2.5
P2.7
None
1000:
1001:
1010:
1011:
1100–1111:
3:0 CMX1P[3:0]
Comparator1 Positive Input MUX Selection.
0000:
0001:
0010:
0011:
0100:
0101:
0110:
0111:
P0.0
P0.2
P0.4
P0.6
P1.0
P1.2
P1.4
P1.6
P2.0
P2.2
P2.4
P2.6
None
1000:
1001:
1010:
1011:
1100–1111:
Rev. 1.1
83
C8051F50x-F51x
10. Voltage Regulator (REG0)
C8051F50x-F51x devices include an on-chip low dropout voltage regulator (REG0). The input to REG0 at
the VREGIN pin can be as high as 5.25 V. The output can be selected by software to 2.1 V or 2.6 V. When
enabled, the output of REG0 appears on the VDD pin, powers the microcontroller core, and can be used to
power external devices. On reset, REG0 is enabled and can be disabled by software.
The Voltage regulator can generate an interrupt (if enabled by EREG0, EIE2.0) that is triggered whenever
the VREGIN input voltage drops below the dropout threshold voltage. This dropout interrupt has no pending
flag and the recommended procedure to use it is as follows:
1. Wait enough time to ensure the VREGIN input voltage is stable
2. Enable the dropout interrupt (EREG0, EIE2.0) and select the proper priority (PREG0, EIP2.0)
3. If triggered, inside the interrupt disable it (clear EREG0, EIE2.0), execute all procedures necessary to
protect your application (put it in a safe mode and leave the interrupt now disabled.
4. In the main application, now running in the safe mode, regularly checks the DROPOUT bit
(REG0CN.0). Once it is cleared by the regulator hardware the application can enable the interrupt
again (EREG0, EIE1.6) and return to the normal mode operation.
The input (VREGIN) and output (VDD) of the voltage regulator should both be bypassed with a large capaci-
tor (4.7 µF + 0.1 µF) to ground as shown in Figure 10.1 below. This capacitor will eliminate power spikes
and provide any immediate power required by the microcontroller. The settling time associated with the
voltage regulator is shown in Table X.
REG0
VREGIN
.1 µF
.1 µF
4.7 µF
4.7 µF
VDD
VDD
Figure 10.1. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—
Regulator Enabled
If the internal voltage regulator is not used, the VREGIN input should be tied to VDD, as shown in
Figure 10.2.
84
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
VREGIN
VDD
VDD
4.7 µF
.1 µF
Figure 10.2. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—
Regulator Disabled
SFR Definition 10.1. REG0CN: Regulator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
REGDIS
REG0MD
DROPOUT
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
1
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
SFR Address = 0xC9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
REGDIS
Voltage Regulator Disable Bit.
0: Voltage Regulator Enabled
1: Voltage Regulator Disabled
6
5
4
Unused
Unused
Read = 0b; Must Write 0b.
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care.
REG0MD
Voltage Regulator Mode Select Bit.
0: Voltage Regulator Output is 2.1V.
1: Voltage Regulator Output is 2.6V.
3:1
0
Unused
Read = 000b. Write = Don’t Care.
DROPOUT
Voltage Regulator Dropout Indicator.
0: Voltage Regulator is not in dropout
1: Voltage Regulator is in or near dropout.
Rev. 1.1
85
C8051F50x-F51x
11. CIP-51 Microcontroller
The MCU system controller core is the CIP-51 microcontroller. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the
MCS-51™ instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop soft-
ware. The MCU family has a superset of all the peripherals included with a standard 8051. The CIP-51
also includes on-chip debug hardware (see description in Section 28), and interfaces directly with the ana-
log and digital subsystems providing a complete data acquisition or control-system solution in a single inte-
grated circuit.
The CIP-51 Microcontroller core implements the standard 8051 organization and peripherals as well as
additional custom peripherals and functions to extend its capability (see Figure 11.1 for a block diagram).
The CIP-51 includes the following features:
Fully Compatible with MCS-51 Instruction Set
50 MIPS Peak Throughput with 50 MHz Clock
0 to 50 MHz Clock Frequency
Extended Interrupt Handler
Reset Input
Power Management Modes
On-chip Debug Logic
Program and Data Memory Security
11.1. Performance
The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the stan-
dard 8051 architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system
clock cycles to execute, and usually have a maximum system clock of 12 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51
core executes 70% of its instructions in one or two system clock cycles, with no instructions taking more
than eight system clock cycles.
86
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
DATA BUS
ACCUMULATOR
B
REGISTER
STACK POINTER
TMP1
TMP2
SRAM
ADDRESS
REGISTER
PSW
SRAM
ALU
DATA BUS
SFR_ADDRESS
SFR_CONTROL
D8
BUFFER
SFR
BUS
INTERFACE
D8
SFR_WRITE_DATA
SFR_READ_DATA
D8
DATA POINTER
PC INCREMENTER
D8
MEM_ADDRESS
MEM_CONTROL
PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
PRGM. ADDRESS REG.
PIPELINE
MEMORY
INTERFACE
A16
D8
MEM_WRITE_DATA
MEM_READ_DATA
CONTROL
LOGIC
RESET
CLOCK
SYSTEM_IRQs
INTERRUPT
INTERFACE
EMULATION_IRQ
D8
STOP
IDLE
POWER CONTROL
REGISTER
D8
Figure 11.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram
With the CIP-51's maximum system clock at 50 MHz, it has a peak throughput of 50 MIPS. The CIP-51 has
a total of 109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that require each execu-
tion time.
Clocks to Execute
1
2
2/3
5
3
3/4
7
4
3
4/5
1
5
2
8
1
Number of Instructions
26
50
14
Programming and Debugging Support
In-system programming of the Flash program memory and communication with on-chip debug support
logic is accomplished via the Silicon Labs 2-Wire Development Interface (C2).
The on-chip debug support logic facilitates full speed in-circuit debugging, allowing the setting of hardware
breakpoints, starting, stopping and single stepping through program execution (including interrupt service
routines), examination of the program's call stack, and reading/writing the contents of registers and mem-
ory. This method of on-chip debugging is completely non-intrusive, requiring no RAM, Stack, timers, or
other on-chip resources. C2 details can be found in Section “28. C2 Interface” on page 306.
The CIP-51 is supported by development tools from Silicon Labs and third party vendors. Silicon Labs pro-
vides an integrated development environment (IDE) including editor, debugger and programmer. The IDE's
debugger and programmer interface to the CIP-51 via the C2 interface to provide fast and efficient in-sys-
tem device programming and debugging. Third party macro assemblers and C compilers are also avail-
able.
Rev. 1.1
87
C8051F50x-F51x
11.2. Instruction Set
The instruction set of the CIP-51 System Controller is fully compatible with the standard MCS-51™ instruc-
tion set. Standard 8051 development tools can be used to develop software for the CIP-51. All CIP-51
instructions are the binary and functional equivalent of their MCS-51™ counterparts, including opcodes,
addressing modes and effect on PSW flags. However, instruction timing is different than that of the stan-
dard 8051.
11.2.1. Instruction and CPU Timing
In many 8051 implementations, a distinction is made between machine cycles and clock cycles, with
machine cycles varying from 2 to 12 clock cycles in length. However, the CIP-51 implementation is based
solely on clock cycle timing. All instruction timings are specified in terms of clock cycles.
Due to the pipelined architecture of the CIP-51, most instructions execute in the same number of clock
cycles as there are program bytes in the instruction. Conditional branch instructions take one less clock
cycle to complete when the branch is not taken as opposed to when the branch is taken. Table 11.1 is the
CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary, which includes the mnemonic, number of bytes, and number of clock
cycles for each instruction.
88
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 11.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Prefetch-Enabled)
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
Arithmetic Operations
ADD A, Rn
ADD A, direct
ADD A, @Ri
ADD A, #data
ADDC A, Rn
ADDC A, direct
ADDC A, @Ri
ADDC A, #data
SUBB A, Rn
SUBB A, direct
SUBB A, @Ri
SUBB A, #data
INC A
INC Rn
INC direct
INC @Ri
DEC A
DEC Rn
DEC direct
DEC @Ri
INC DPTR
MUL AB
DIV AB
Add register to A
Add direct byte to A
Add indirect RAM to A
Add immediate to A
Add register to A with carry
Add direct byte to A with carry
Add indirect RAM to A with carry
Add immediate to A with carry
Subtract register from A with borrow
Subtract direct byte from A with borrow
Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow
Subtract immediate from A with borrow
Increment A
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
4
8
1
Increment register
Increment direct byte
Increment indirect RAM
Decrement A
Decrement register
Decrement direct byte
Decrement indirect RAM
Increment Data Pointer
Multiply A and B
Divide A by B
Decimal adjust A
DA A
Logical Operations
ANL A, Rn
AND Register to A
AND direct byte to A
AND indirect RAM to A
AND immediate to A
AND A to direct byte
AND immediate to direct byte
OR Register to A
OR direct byte to A
OR indirect RAM to A
OR immediate to A
OR A to direct byte
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
ANL A, direct
ANL A, @Ri
ANL A, #data
ANL direct, A
ANL direct, #data
ORL A, Rn
ORL A, direct
ORL A, @Ri
ORL A, #data
ORL direct, A
ORL direct, #data
XRL A, Rn
OR immediate to direct byte
Exclusive-OR Register to A
Exclusive-OR direct byte to A
Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A
XRL A, direct
XRL A, @Ri
Note: Certain instructions take a variable number of clock cycles to execute depending on instruction alignment and
the FLRT setting (SFR Definition 15.3).
Rev. 1.1
89
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 11.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Prefetch-Enabled) (Continued)
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
XRL A, #data
Exclusive-OR immediate to A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte
Clear A
Complement A
Rotate A left
Rotate A left through Carry
Rotate A right
Rotate A right through Carry
Swap nibbles of A
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
XRL direct, A
XRL direct, #data
CLR A
CPL A
RL A
RLC A
RR A
RRC A
SWAP A
Data Transfer
MOV A, Rn
MOV A, direct
MOV A, @Ri
MOV A, #data
MOV Rn, A
Move Register to A
Move direct byte to A
Move indirect RAM to A
Move immediate to A
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
4-7*
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
Move A to Register
MOV Rn, direct
MOV Rn, #data
MOV direct, A
MOV direct, Rn
MOV direct, direct
MOV direct, @Ri
MOV direct, #data
MOV @Ri, A
MOV @Ri, direct
MOV @Ri, #data
MOV DPTR, #data16
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOVC A, @A+PC
MOVX A, @Ri
MOVX @Ri, A
MOVX A, @DPTR
MOVX @DPTR, A
PUSH direct
Move direct byte to Register
Move immediate to Register
Move A to direct byte
Move Register to direct byte
Move direct byte to direct byte
Move indirect RAM to direct byte
Move immediate to direct byte
Move A to indirect RAM
Move direct byte to indirect RAM
Move immediate to indirect RAM
Load DPTR with 16-bit constant
Move code byte relative DPTR to A
Move code byte relative PC to A
Move external data (8-bit address) to A
Move A to external data (8-bit address)
Move external data (16-bit address) to A
Move A to external data (16-bit address)
Push direct byte onto stack
Pop direct byte from stack
POP direct
XCH A, Rn
XCH A, direct
XCH A, @Ri
Exchange Register with A
Exchange direct byte with A
Exchange indirect RAM with A
Exchange low nibble of indirect RAM with A
2
2
2
XCHD A, @Ri
Boolean Manipulation
CLR C
CLR bit
Clear Carry
Clear direct bit
1
2
1
2
Note: Certain instructions take a variable number of clock cycles to execute depending on instruction alignment and
the FLRT setting (SFR Definition 15.3).
90
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 11.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Prefetch-Enabled) (Continued)
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
SETB C
SETB bit
CPL C
Set Carry
Set direct bit
Complement Carry
Complement direct bit
AND direct bit to Carry
AND complement of direct bit to Carry
OR direct bit to carry
OR complement of direct bit to Carry
Move direct bit to Carry
Move Carry to direct bit
Jump if Carry is set
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
CPL bit
ANL C, bit
ANL C, /bit
ORL C, bit
ORL C, /bit
MOV C, bit
MOV bit, C
JC rel
2/(4-6)*
2/(4-6)*
3/(5-7)*
3/(5-7)*
3/(5-7)*
JNC rel
Jump if Carry is not set
Jump if direct bit is set
Jump if direct bit is not set
Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit
JB bit, rel
JNB bit, rel
JBC bit, rel
Program Branching
ACALL addr11
LCALL addr16
RET
Absolute subroutine call
Long subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from interrupt
Absolute jump
Long jump
Short jump (relative address)
Jump indirect relative to DPTR
Jump if A equals zero
Jump if A does not equal zero
Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal
Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal
Compare immediate to Register and jump if not
equal
2
3
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
4-6*
5-7*
6-8*
6-8*
4-6*
5-7*
4-6*
3-5*
2/(4-6)*
2/(4-6)*
4/(6-8)*
3/(6-8)*
3/(5-7)*
RETI
AJMP addr11
LJMP addr16
SJMP rel
JMP @A+DPTR
JZ rel
JNZ rel
CJNE A, direct, rel
CJNE A, #data, rel
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not
equal
3
4/(6-8)*
DJNZ Rn, rel
DJNZ direct, rel
NOP
Decrement Register and jump if not zero
Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero
No operation
2
3
1
2/(4-6)*
3/(5-7)*
1
Note: Certain instructions take a variable number of clock cycles to execute depending on instruction alignment and
the FLRT setting (SFR Definition 15.3).
Rev. 1.1
91
C8051F50x-F51x
Notes on Registers, Operands and Addressing Modes:
Rn—Register R0–R7 of the currently selected register bank.
@Ri—Data RAM location addressed indirectly through R0 or R1.
rel—8-bit, signed (two’s complement) offset relative to the first byte of the following instruction. Used by
SJMP and all conditional jumps.
direct—8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be a direct-access Data RAM location (0x00–
0x7F) or an SFR (0x80–0xFF).
#data—8-bit constant
#data16—16-bit constant
bit—Direct-accessed bit in Data RAM or SFR
addr11—11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP. The destination must be within the
same 2 kB page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction.
addr16—16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP. The destination may be anywhere within
the 64 kB program memory space.
There is one unused opcode (0xA5) that performs the same function as NOP.
All mnemonics copyrighted © Intel Corporation 1980.
11.3. CIP-51 Register Descriptions
Following are descriptions of SFRs related to the operation of the CIP-51 System Controller. Reserved bits
should not be set to logic l. Future product versions may use these bits to implement new features in which
case the reset value of the bit will be logic 0, selecting the feature's default state. Detailed descriptions of
the remaining SFRs are included in the sections of the datasheet associated with their corresponding sys-
tem function.
92
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 11.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DPL[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x82; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
DPL[7:0] Data Pointer Low.
The DPL register is the low byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indi-
rectly addressed Flash memory or XRAM.
SFR Definition 11.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DPH[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x83; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
DPH[7:0] Data Pointer High.
The DPH register is the high byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indi-
rectly addressed Flash memory or XRAM.
Rev. 1.1
93
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 11.3. SP: Stack Pointer
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SP[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x81; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
SP[7:0]
Stack Pointer.
The Stack Pointer holds the location of the top of the stack. The stack pointer is incre-
mented before every PUSH operation. The SP register defaults to 0x07 after reset.
SFR Definition 11.4. ACC: Accumulator
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ACC[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
ACC[7:0] Accumulator.
This register is the accumulator for arithmetic operations.
SFR Definition 11.5. B: B Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
B[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
B[7:0]
B Register.
This register serves as a second accumulator for certain arithmetic operations.
94
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 11.6. PSW: Program Status Word
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CY
AC
F0
RS[1:0]
R/W
OV
F1
PARITY
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7
CY
Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry (addition) or a bor-
row (subtraction). It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations.
6
AC
Auxiliary Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry into (addition) or a
borrow from (subtraction) the high order nibble. It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arith-
metic operations.
5
F0
User Flag 0.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control.
4:3
RS[1:0] Register Bank Select.
These bits select which register bank is used during register accesses.
00: Bank 0, Addresses 0x00-0x07
01: Bank 1, Addresses 0x08-0x0F
10: Bank 2, Addresses 0x10-0x17
11: Bank 3, Addresses 0x18-0x1F
2
OV
Overflow Flag.
This bit is set to 1 under the following circumstances:
An ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign-change overflow.
A MUL instruction results in an overflow (result is greater than 255).
A DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition.
The OV bit is cleared to 0 by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all
other cases.
1
0
F1
User Flag 1.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control.
PARITY Parity Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 if the sum of the eight bits in the accumulator is odd and cleared
if the sum is even.
Rev. 1.1
95
C8051F50x-F51x
11.4. Serial Number Special Function Registers (SFRs)
The C8051F50x-F51x devices include four SFRs, SN0 through SN3, that are pre-programmed during pro-
duction with a unique, 32-bit serial number. The serial number provides a unique identification number for
each device and can be read from the application firmware. If the serial number is not used in the applica-
tion, these four registers can be used as general purpose SFRs.
SFR Definition 11.7. SNn: Serial Number n
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SERNUMn[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
Varies—Unique 32-bit value
SFR Addresses: SN0 = 0xF9; SN1 = 0xFA; SN2 = 0xFB; SN3 = 0xFC; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit Name Function
7:0 SERNUMn[7:0] Serial Number Bits.
The four serial number registers form a 32-bit serial number, with SN3 as the
most significant byte and SN0 as the least significant byte.
96
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
12. Memory Organization
The memory organization of the CIP-51 System Controller is similar to that of a standard 8051. There are
two separate memory spaces: program memory and data memory. Program and data memory share the
same address space but are accessed via different instruction types. The memory organization is shown in
Figure 12.1
PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY
(FLASH)
DATA MEMORY (RAM)
INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
C8051F500/1/2/3/8/9
0xFF
Upper 128 RAM
(Indirect Addressing
Only)
Special Function
Register's
(Direct Addressing Only)
RESERVED
0xFC00
0xFBFF
0x80
0x7F
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
Lower 128 RAM
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
64 kB FLASH
0x30
0x2F
(In-System
Programmable in 512
Byte Sectors)
Bit Addressable
0x20
0x1F
General Purpose
Registers
0x00
0x0000
0x7FFF
EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
0xFFFF
Same 4096 bytes as
from 0x0000 to 0x0FFF,
wrapped on 4096-byte
boundaries
C8051F504/5/6/7-F510/1
32 kB FLASH
0x1000
0x0FFF
XRAM
4K Bytes
(accessable using
MOVX instruction)
(In-System
Programmable in 512
Byte Sectors)
0x0000
0x0000
Figure 12.1. C8051F50x-F51x Memory Map
Rev. 1.1
97
C8051F50x-F51x
12.1. Program Memory
The CIP-51 core has a 64 kB program memory space. The C8051F50x-F51x devices implement 64 kB or
32 kB of this program memory space as in-system, re-programmable Flash memory, organized in a contig-
uous block from addresses 0x0000 to 0xFFFF in 64 kB devices and addresses 0x0000 to 0x7FFF in 32 kB
devices. The address 0xFBFF in 64 kB devices and 0x7FFF in 32 kB devices serves as the security lock
byte for the device. Addresses above 0xFDFF are reserved in the 64 kB devices.
C8051F500/1/2/3/8/9
0xFFFF
Reserved Area
0xFC00
0xFBFF
0xFBFE
Lock Byte
Lock Byte Page
0xFA00
C8051F504/5/6/7-F510/1
0x7FFF
0x7FFE
Lock Byte
Lock Byte Page
Flash Memory Space
(64kB Flash Device)
0x7E00
Flash Memory Space
(32kB Flash Device)
0x0000
0x0000
Figure 12.2. Flash Program Memory Map
12.1.1. MOVX Instruction and Program Memory
The MOVX instruction in an 8051 device is typically used to access external data memory. On the
C8051F50x-F51x devices, the MOVX instruction is normally used to read and write on-chip XRAM, but can
be re-configured to write and erase on-chip Flash memory space. MOVC instructions are always used to
read Flash memory, while MOVX write instructions are used to erase and write Flash. This Flash access
feature provides a mechanism for the C8051F50x-F51x to update program code and use the program
memory space for non-volatile data storage. Refer to Section “15. Flash Memory” on page 129 for further
details.
12.2. Data Memory
The C8051F50x-F51x devices include 4352 bytes of RAM data memory. 256 bytes of this memory is
mapped into the internal RAM space of the 8051. The other 4096 bytes of this memory is on-chip “exter-
nal” memory. The data memory map is shown in Figure 12.1 for reference.
12.2.1. Internal RAM
There are 256 bytes of internal RAM mapped into the data memory space from 0x00 through 0xFF. The
lower 128 bytes of data memory are used for general purpose registers and scratch pad memory. Either
direct or indirect addressing may be used to access the lower 128 bytes of data memory. Locations 0x00
through 0x1F are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight
98
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C8051F50x-F51x
byte-wide registers. The next 16 bytes, locations 0x20 through 0x2F, may either be addressed as bytes or
as 128 bit locations accessible with the direct addressing mode.
The upper 128 bytes of data memory are accessible only by indirect addressing. This region occupies the
same address space as the Special Function Registers (SFR) but is physically separate from the SFR
space. The addressing mode used by an instruction when accessing locations above 0x7F determines
whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of data memory space or the SFRs. Instructions that use
direct addressing will access the SFR space. Instructions using indirect addressing above 0x7F access the
upper 128 bytes of data memory. Figure 12.1 illustrates the data memory organization of the C8051F50x-
F51x.
12.2.1.1. General Purpose Registers
The lower 32 bytes of data memory, locations 0x00 through 0x1F, may be addressed as four banks of gen-
eral-purpose registers. Each bank consists of eight byte-wide registers designated R0 through R7. Only
one of these banks may be enabled at a time. Two bits in the program status word, RS0 (PSW.3) and RS1
(PSW.4), select the active register bank (see description of the PSW in SFR Definition 11.6). This allows
fast context switching when entering subroutines and interrupt service routines. Indirect addressing modes
use registers R0 and R1 as index registers.
12.2.1.2. Bit Addressable Locations
In addition to direct access to data memory organized as bytes, the sixteen data memory locations at 0x20
through 0x2F are also accessible as 128 individually addressable bits. Each bit has a bit address from
0x00 to 0x7F. Bit 0 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x00 while bit7 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address
0x07. Bit 7 of the byte at 0x2F has bit address 0x7F. A bit access is distinguished from a full byte access by
the type of instruction used (bit source or destination operands as opposed to a byte source or destina-
tion).
The MCS-51™ assembly language allows an alternate notation for bit addressing of the form XX.B where
XX is the byte address and B is the bit position within the byte. For example, the instruction:
MOV
C, 22.3h
moves the Boolean value at 0x13 (bit 3 of the byte at location 0x22) into the Carry flag.
12.2.1.3. Stack
A programmer's stack can be located anywhere in the 256-byte data memory. The stack area is desig-
nated using the Stack Pointer (SP) SFR. The SP will point to the last location used. The next value pushed
on the stack is placed at SP+1 and then SP is incremented. A reset initializes the stack pointer to location
0x07. Therefore, the first value pushed on the stack is placed at location 0x08, which is also the first regis-
ter (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if more than one register bank is to be used, the SP should be initialized
to a location in the data memory not being used for data storage. The stack depth can extend up to
256 bytes.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
13. Special Function Registers
The direct-access data memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF constitute the special function registers
(SFRs). The SFRs provide control and data exchange with the C8051F50x-F51x's resources and peripher-
als. The CIP-51 controller core duplicates the SFRs found in a typical 8051 implementation as well as
implementing additional SFRs used to configure and access the sub-systems unique to the C8051F50x-
F51x. This allows the addition of new functionality while retaining compatibility with the MCS-51™ instruc-
tion set. Table 13.3 lists the SFRs implemented in the C8051F50x-F51x device family.
The SFR registers are accessed anytime the direct addressing mode is used to access memory locations
from 0x80 to 0xFF. SFRs with addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 (e.g., P0, TCON, SCON0, IE, etc.) are bit-
addressable as well as byte-addressable. All other SFRs are byte-addressable only. Unoccupied
addresses in the SFR space are reserved for future use. Accessing unoccupied addresses in the SFR
space will have an indeterminate effect and should be avoided. Refer to the corresponding pages of the
data sheet, as indicated in Table 13.3, for a detailed description of each register.
13.1. SFR Paging
The CIP-51 features SFR paging, allowing the device to map many SFRs into the 0x80 to 0xFF memory
address space. The SFR memory space has 256 pages. In this way, each memory location from 0x80 to
0xFF can access up to 256 SFRs. The C8051F50x-F51x family of devices utilizes three SFR pages: 0x0,
0xC, and 0xF. SFR pages are selected using the Special Function Register Page Selection register,
SFRPAGE (see SFR Definition 11.3). The procedure for reading and writing an SFR is as follows:
1. Select the appropriate SFR page number using the SFRPAGE register.
2. Use direct accessing mode to read or write the special function register (MOV instruction).
13.2. Interrupts and SFR Paging
When an interrupt occurs, the SFR Page Register will automatically switch to the SFR page containing the
flag bit that caused the interrupt. The automatic SFR Page switch function conveniently removes the bur-
den of switching SFR pages from the interrupt service routine. Upon execution of the RETI instruction, the
SFR page is automatically restored to the SFR Page in use prior to the interrupt. This is accomplished via
a three-byte SFR Page Stack. The top byte of the stack is SFRPAGE, the current SFR Page. The second
byte of the SFR Page Stack is SFRNEXT. The third, or bottom byte of the SFR Page Stack is SFRLAST.
Upon an interrupt, the current SFRPAGE value is pushed to the SFRNEXT byte, and the value of SFRN-
EXT is pushed to SFRLAST. Hardware then loads SFRPAGE with the SFR Page containing the flag bit
associated with the interrupt. On a return from interrupt, the SFR Page Stack is popped resulting in the
value of SFRNEXT returning to the SFRPAGE register, thereby restoring the SFR page context without
software intervention. The value in SFRLAST (0x00 if there is no SFR Page value in the bottom of the
stack) of the stack is placed in SFRNEXT register. If desired, the values stored in SFRNEXT and SFR-
LAST may be modified during an interrupt, enabling the CPU to return to a different SFR Page upon exe-
cution of the RETI instruction (on interrupt exit). Modifying registers in the SFR Page Stack does not cause
a push or pop of the stack. Only interrupt calls and returns will cause push/pop operations on the SFR
Page Stack.
On the C8051F50x-F51x devices, vectoring to an interrupt will switch SFRPAGE to page 0x00, except for
the CAN0 interrupt which will switch SFRPAGE to page 0x0C.
100
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFRPGCN Bit
Interrupt
Logic
SFRPAGE
CIP-51
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
Figure 13.1. SFR Page Stack
Automatic hardware switching of the SFR Page on interrupts may be enabled or disabled as desired using
the SFR Automatic Page Control Enable Bit located in the SFR Page Control Register (SFR0CN). This
function defaults to “enabled” upon reset. In this way, the autoswitching function will be enabled unless dis-
abled in software.
A summary of the SFR locations (address and SFR page) are provided in Table 13.3 in the form of an SFR
memory map. Each memory location in the map has an SFR page row, denoting the page in which that
SFR resides. Certain SFRs are accessible from ALL SFR pages, and are denoted by the “(ALL PAGES)”
designation. For example, the Port I/O registers P0, P1, P2, and P3 all have the “(ALL PAGES)” designa-
tion, indicating these SFRs are accessible from all SFR pages regardless of the SFRPAGE register value.
13.3. SFR Page Stack Example
The following is an example that shows the operation of the SFR Page Stack during interrupts. In this
example, the SFR Control register is left in the default enabled state (i.e., SFRPGEN = 1), and the CIP-51
is executing in-line code that is writing values to SPI Data Register (SFR “SPI0DAT”, located at address
0xA3 on SFR Page 0x00). The device is also using the CAN peripheral (CAN0) and the Programmable
Counter Array (PCA0) peripheral to generate a PWM output. The PCA is timing a critical control function in
its interrupt service round so its associated ISR that is set to low priority. At this point, the SFR page is set
to access the SPI0DAT SFR (SFRPAGE = 0x00). See Figure 13.2.
Rev. 1.1
101
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Page
Stack SFR's
0x0
(SPI0DAT)
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
Figure 13.2. SFR Page Stack While Using SFR Page 0x0 To Access SPI0DAT
While CIP-51 executes in-line code (writing values to SPI0DAT in this example), the CAN0 Interrupt
occurs. The CIP-51 vectors to the CAN0 ISR and pushes the current SFR Page value (SFR Page 0x00)
into SFRNEXT in the SFR Page Stack. The SFR page needed to access CAN’s SFRs is then automatically
placed in the SFRPAGE register (SFR Page 0x0C). SFRPAGE is considered the “top” of the SFR Page
Stack. Software can now access the CAN0 SFRs. Software may switch to any SFR Page by writing a new
value to the SFRPAGE register at any time during the CAN0 ISR to access SFRs that are not on SFR
Page 0x0C. See Figure 13.3.
102
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Page 0xC
Automatically
pushed on stack in
SFRPAGE on CAN0
interrupt
0xC
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
(CAN0)
0x0
SFRPAGE
pushed to
SFRNEXT
(SPI0DAT)
Figure 13.3. SFR Page Stack After CAN0 Interrupt Occurs
While in the CAN0 ISR, a PCA interrupt occurs. Recall the PCA interrupt is configured as a high priority
interrupt, while the CAN0 interrupt is configured as a low priority interrupt. Thus, the CIP-51 will now vector
to the high priority PCA ISR. Upon doing so, the CIP-51 will automatically place the SFR page needed to
access the PCA’s special function registers into the SFRPAGE register, SFR Page 0x00. The value that
was in the SFRPAGE register before the PCA interrupt (SFR Page 0x0C for CAN0) is pushed down the
stack into SFRNEXT. Likewise, the value that was in the SFRNEXT register before the PCA interrupt (in
this case SFR Page 0x00 for SPI0DAT) is pushed down to the SFRLAST register, the “bottom” of the
stack. Note that a value stored in SFRLAST (via a previous software write to the SFRLAST register) will be
overwritten. See Figure 13.4.
Rev. 1.1
103
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Page 0x0
Automatically
pushed on stack in
SFRPAGE on PCA
interrupt
0x0
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
(PCA)
0xC
SFRPAGE
pushed to
SFRNEXT
(CAN0)
0x0
SFRNEXT
pushed to
SFRLAST
(SPI0DAT)
Figure 13.4. SFR Page Stack Upon PCA Interrupt Occurring During a CAN0 ISR
On exit from the PCA interrupt service routine, the CIP-51 will return to the CAN0 ISR. On execution of the
RETI instruction, SFR Page 0x00 used to access the PCA registers will be automatically popped off of the
SFR Page Stack, and the contents of the SFRNEXT register will be moved to the SFRPAGE register. Soft-
ware in the CAN0 ISR can continue to access SFRs as it did prior to the PCA interrupt. Likewise, the con-
tents of SFRLAST are moved to the SFRNEXT register. Recall this was the SFR Page value 0x00 being
used to access SPI0DAT before the CAN0 interrupt occurred. See Figure 13.5.
104
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Page 0x0
Automatically
popped off of the
stack on return from
interrupt
0xC
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
(CAN0)
0x0
SFRNEXT
popped to
SFRPAGE
(SPI0DAT)
SFRLAST
popped to
SFRNEXT
Figure 13.5. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From PCA Interrupt
On the execution of the RETI instruction in the CAN0 ISR, the value in SFRPAGE register is overwritten
with the contents of SFRNEXT. The CIP-51 may now access the SPI0DAT register as it did prior to the
interrupts occurring. See Figure 13.6.
Rev. 1.1
105
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Page 0xC
Automatically
popped off of the
stack on return from
interrupt
0x0
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
(SPI0DAT)
SFRNEXT
popped to
SFRPAGE
Figure 13.6. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From CAN0 Interrupt
In the example above, all three bytes in the SFR Page Stack are accessible via the SFRPAGE, SFRNEXT,
and SFRLAST special function registers. If the stack is altered while servicing an interrupt, it is possible to
return to a different SFR Page upon interrupt exit than selected prior to the interrupt call. Direct access to
the SFR Page stack can be useful to enable real-time operating systems to control and manage context
switching between multiple tasks.
Push operations on the SFR Page Stack only occur on interrupt service, and pop operations only occur on
interrupt exit (execution on the RETI instruction). The automatic switching of the SFRPAGE and operation
of the SFR Page Stack as described above can be disabled in software by clearing the SFR Automatic
Page Enable Bit (SFRPGEN) in the SFR Page Control Register (SFR0CN). See SFR Definition 13.1.
106
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 13.1. SFR0CN: SFR Page Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFRPGEN
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
1
SFR Address = 0x84; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
7:1
0
Name
Function
Unused
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care
SFRPGEN SFR Automatic Page Control Enable.
Upon interrupt, the C8051 Core will vector to the specified interrupt service routine
and automatically switch the SFR page to the corresponding peripheral or function’s
SFR page. This bit is used to control this autopaging function.
0: SFR Automatic Paging disabled. The C8051 core will not automatically change to
the appropriate SFR page (i.e., the SFR page that contains the SFRs for the periph-
eral/function that was the source of the interrupt).
1: SFR Automatic Paging enabled. Upon interrupt, the C8051 will switch the SFR
page to the page that contains the SFRs for the peripheral or function that is the
source of the interrupt.
Rev. 1.1
107
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 13.2. SFRPAGE: SFR Page
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFRPAGE[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit Name
7:0 SFRPAGE[7:0] SFR Page Bits.
Function
Represents the SFR Page the C8051 core uses when reading or modifying
SFRs.
Write: Sets the SFR Page.
Read: Byte is the SFR page the C8051 core is using.
When enabled in the SFR Page Control Register (SFR0CN), the C8051 core will
automatically switch to the SFR Page that contains the SFRs of the correspond-
ing peripheral/function that caused the interrupt, and return to the previous SFR
page upon return from interrupt (unless SFR Stack was altered before a return-
ing from the interrupt). SFRPAGE is the top byte of the SFR Page Stack, and
push/pop events of this stack are caused by interrupts (and not by reading/writ-
ing to the SFRPAGE register)
108
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 13.3. SFRNEXT: SFR Next
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFRNEXT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x85; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit Name
7:0 SFRNEXT[7:0] SFR Page Bits.
Function
This is the value that will go to the SFR Page register upon a return from inter-
rupt.
Write: Sets the SFR Page contained in the second byte of the SFR Stack. This
will cause the SFRPAGE SFR to have this SFR page value upon a return from
interrupt.
Read: Returns the value of the SFR page contained in the second byte of the
SFR stack.
SFR page context is retained upon interrupts/return from interrupts in a 3 byte
SFR Page Stack: SFRPAGE is the first entry, SFRNEXT is the second, and
SFRLAST is the third entry. The SFR stack bytes may be used alter the context
in the SFR Page Stack, and will not cause the stack to “push” or “pop”. Only
interrupts and return from interrupts cause pushes and pops of the SFR Page
Stack.
Rev. 1.1
109
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 13.4. SFRLAST: SFR Last
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFRLAST[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit Name
7:0 SFRLAST[7:0] SFR Page Stack Bits.
Function
This is the value that will go to the SFRNEXT register upon a return from inter-
rupt.
Write: Sets the SFR Page in the last entry of the SFR Stack. This will cause the
SFRNEXT SFR to have this SFR page value upon a return from interrupt.
Read: Returns the value of the SFR page contained in the last entry of the SFR
stack.
SFR page context is retained upon interrupts/return from interrupts in a 3 byte
SFR Page Stack: SFRPAGE is the first entry, SFRNEXT is the second, and
SFRLAST is the third entry. The SFR stack bytes may be used alter the context
in the SFR Page Stack, and will not cause the stack to “push” or “pop”. Only
interrupts and return from interrupts cause pushes and pops of the SFR Page
Stack.
110
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 13.1. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map for Pages 0x0 and 0xF
0(8)
1(9)
2(A)
3(B)
4(C)
5(D)
6(E)
7(F)
F8 0 SPI0CN
F
PCA0L
SN0
PCA0H PCA0CPL0 PCA0CPH0 PCACPL4 PCACPH4 VDM0CN
SN1
SN2
SN3
F0 0
B
P0MAT
P0MASK
P1MDIN
P1MAT
P2MDIN
P1MASK
P3MDIN
EIP1
EIP1
EIP2
EIP2
F (All Pages) P0MDIN
E8 0 ADC0CN PCA0CPL1 PCA0CPH1 PCA0CPL2 PCA0CPH2 PCA0CPL3 PCA0CPL3 RSTSRC
F
E0 0
F (All Pages)
D8 0 PCA0CN PCA0MD PCA0CPM0 PCA0CPM1 PCA0CPM2 PCA0CPM3 PCA0CPM4 PCA0CPM5
ACC
EIE1
EIE2
XBR0
XBR1
CCH0CN
IT01CF
(All Pages) (All Pages)
F
PCA0PWM
D0 0
PSW
REF0CN LIN0DATA LIN0ADDR
F (All Pages)
C8 0 TMR2CN REG0CN TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
LIN0CF
P0SKIP
TMR2L
P1SKIP
P2SKIP
P3SKIP
TMR2H PCA0CPL5 PCA0CPH5
F
C0 0 SMB0CN SMB0CF SMB0DAT ADC0GTL ADC0GTH ADC0LTL ADC0LTH
F
XBR2
B8 0
IP
ADC0TK
ADC0MX
ADC0CF
ADC0L
ADC0H
F (All Pages)
B0 0
P3
P2MAT
SMOD0
P2MASK
EMI0CF
EMI0CN
EMI0TC
P4
FLSCL
FLKEY
F (All Pages)
(All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages)
P3MAT P3MASK
SBRLH0 P3MDOUT P4MDOUT
SFRPAGE
A8 0
IE
F (All Pages)
SBCON0
SBRLL0
A0 0
P2
SPI0CFG SPI0CKR SPI0DAT
F (All Pages) OSCICN OSCICRS
P0MDOUT P1MDOUT P2MDOUT (All Pages)
98 0 SCON0
F
SBUF0
CPT0CN
CPT0MD
CPT0MX
TMR3L
TH0
CPT1CN
TMR3H
TH1
CPT1MD
OSCIFIN OSCXCN
CPT1MX
90 0
P1
TMR3CN TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
F (All Pages)
88 0 TCON
CLKMUL
TMOD
TL0
TL1
CKCON
PSCTL
F (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) CLKSEL
80 0 P0 SP DPL DPH SFRNEXT SFRLAST PCON
F (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) SFR0CN (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages)
0(8) 1(9) 2(A) 3(B) 4(C) 5(D) 6(E) 7(F)
(bit addressable)
Rev. 1.1
111
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 13.2. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map for Page 0xC
0(8)
1(9)
2(A)
3(B)
4(C)
5(D)
6(E)
7(F)
F8
F0
E8
E0
D8
D0
C8
CAN0IF2DA2L CAN0IF2DA2H CAN0IF2DB1L CAN0IF2DB1H CAN0IF2DB2L CAN0IF2DB2H
B
CAN0IF2A2L CAN0IF2A2H
CAN0IF2DA1L CAN0IF2DA1H
(All Pages)
CAN0IF2M1L CAN0IF2M1H CAN0IF2M2L CAN0IF2M2H CAN0IF2A1L
CAN0IF2A1H
ACC
(All Pages)
CAN0IF2CML CAN0IF2CMH
EIE1
EIE2
(All Pages)
(All Pages)
CAN0IF1DB1L CAN0IF1DB1H CAN0IF1DB2L CAN0IF1DB2H CAN0IF2CRL
CAN0IF2CRH
PSW
(All Pages)
CAN0IF1MCL CAN0IF1MCH CAN0IF1DA1L CAN0IF1DA1H CAN0IF1DA2L CAN0IF1DA2H
CAN0IF1A1L CAN0IF1A1H CAN0IF1A2L CAN0IF1A2H CAN0IF2MCL
CAN0IF1CML CAN0IF1CMH CAN0IF1M1L CAN0IF1M1H CAN0IF1M2L
CAN0IF2MCH
CAN0IF1M2H
CAN0IF1CRH
C0 CAN0CN
B8
B0
A8
A0
IP
CAN0MV1L
CAN0IP2L
CAN0ND1L
CAN0MV1H
CAN0IP2H
CAN0ND1H
CAN0TR1H
CAN0BTH
CAN0MV2L
CAN0MV2H
CAN0IF1CRL
(All Pages)
P3
(All Pages)
P4
FLSCL
(All Pages)
FLKEY
(All Pages)
(All Pages)
IE
CAN0ND2L
CAN0TR2L
CAN0IIDL
CAN0ND2H
CAN0TR2H
CAN0IIDH
CAN0IP1L
CAN0IP1H
(All Pages)
P2
(All Pages)
CAN0BRPE CAN0TR1L
CAN0BTL
SFRPAGE
(All Pages)
98 SCON0
(All Pages)
CAN0TST
90
88
80
P1
(All Pages)
CAN0CFG
CAN0STAT
CAN0ERRL
CAN0ERRH
TCON
TMOD
TL0
(All Pages)
TL1
(All Pages)
TH0
(All Pages)
TH1
(All Pages)
CKCON
(All Pages)
(All Pages) (All Pages)
P0 SP
(All Pages) (All Pages)
0(8) 1(9)
(bit addressable)
DPL
(All Pages)
DPH
(All Pages)
SFRNEXT
(All Pages)
SFRLAST
(All Pages)
PCON
(All Pages)
2(A)
3(B)
4(C)
5(D)
6(E)
7(F)
112
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 13.3. Special Function Registers
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register Description
ACC
Address
0xE0
0xBC
0xE8
0xC4
0xC3
0xBE
0xBD
0xC6
0xC5
0xBB
0xBA
0xF0
0xE3
0x8E
0x97
0x8F
0x9A
0x9B
0x9C
0x9D
0x9E
0x9F
0x83
0x82
0xE6
0xE7
0xF6
0xF7
0xB2
0xAA
0xAA
0xB7
0xB6
0xA8
0xB8
Page
94
Accumulator
ADC0CF
ADC0CN
ADC0GTH
ADC0GTL
ADC0H
ADC0L
ADC0LTH
ADC0LTL
ADC0MX
ADC0TK
B
ADC0 Configuration
ADC0 Control
63
65
ADC0 Greater-Than Compare High
ADC0 Greater-Than Compare Low
ADC0 High
67
67
64
ADC0 Low
64
ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word High
ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word Low
ADC0 Mux Configuration
ADC0 Tracking Mode Select
B Register
68
68
71
66
94
CCH0CN
CKCON
CLKMUL
CLKSEL
CPT0CN
CPT0MD
CPT0MX
CPT1CN
CPT1MD
CPT1MX
DPH
Cache Control
137
266
171
166
77
Clock Control
Clock Multiplier
Clock Select
Comparator0 Control
Comparator0 Mode Selection
Comparator0 MUX Selection
Comparator1 Control
78
82
77
Comparator1 Mode Selection
Comparator1 MUX Selection
Data Pointer High
78
82
93
DPL
Data Pointer Low
93
EIE1
Extended Interrupt Enable 1
Extended Interrupt Enable 2
Extended Interrupt Priority 1
Extended Interrupt Priority 2
External Memory Interface Configuration
External Memory Interface Control
External Memory Interface Timing Control
Flash Lock and Key
123
123
124
125
152
151
157
135
136
121
122
EIE2
EIP1
EIP2
EMI0CF
EMI0CN
EMI0TC
FLKEY
FLSCL
IE
Flash Scale
Interrupt Enable
IP
Interrupt Priority
Rev. 1.1
113
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 13.3. Special Function Registers (Continued)
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
IT01CF
Address
0xE4
0xD3
0xC9
0xD2
0xA1
0xA2
0x9E
0x9F
0x80
0xF2
0xF1
0xF1
0xA4
0xD4
0x90
0xF4
0xF3
0xF2
0xA5
0xD5
0xA0
0xB2
0xB1
0xF3
0xA6
0xD6
0xB0
0xAF
0xAE
0xF4
0xAE
0xD7
0xB5
0xAF
0xD8
0xFC
Description
Page
128
208
208
209
168
169
169
173
191
187
187
192
192
193
193
188
188
194
194
195
195
189
189
196
196
197
197
190
190
198
198
199
199
200
300
305
INT0/INT1 Configuration
LIN0 Address
LIN0ADR
LIN0CF
LIN0DAT
OSCICN
OSCICRS
OSCIFIN
OSCXCN
P0
LIN0 Configuration
LIN0 Data
Internal Oscillator Control
Internal Oscillator Coarse Control
Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration
External Oscillator Control
Port 0 Latch
P0MASK
P0MAT
Port 0 Mask Configuration
Port 0 Match Configuration
Port 0 Input Mode Configuration
Port 0 Output Mode Configuration
Port 0 Skip
P0MDIN
P0MDOUT
P0SKIP
P1
Port 1 Latch
P1MASK
P1MAT
Port 1 Mask Configuration
Port 1 Match Configuration
Port 1 Input Mode Configuration
Port 1 Output Mode Configuration
Port 1 Skip
P1MDIN
P1MDOUT
P1SKIP
P2
Port 2 Latch
P2MASK
P2MAT
Port 2 Mask Configuration
Port 2 Match Configuration
Port 2 Input Mode Configuration
Port 2 Output Mode Configuration
Port 2 Skip
P2MDIN
P2MDOUT
P2SKIP
P3
Port 3 Latch
P3MASK
P3MAT
Port 3 Mask Configuration
Port 3 Match Configuration
Port 3 Input Mode Configuration
Port 3 Output Mode Configuration
Port 3 Skip
P3MDIN
P3MDOUT
P3SKIP
P4
Port 4 Latch
P4MDOUT
PCA0CN
PCA0CPH0
Port 4 Output Mode Configuration
PCA Control
PCA Capture 0 High
114
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Table 13.3. Special Function Registers (Continued)
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Description
Register
PCA0CPH1
PCA0CPH2
PCA0CPH3
PCA0CPH4
PCA0CPH5
PCA0CPL0
PCA0CPL1
PCA0CPL2
PCA0CPL3
PCA0CPL4
PCA0CPL5
PCA0CPM0
PCA0CPM1
PCA0CPM2
PCA0CPM3
PCA0CPM4
PCA0CPM5
PCA0H
Address
0xEA
0xEC
0xEE
0xFE
0xCF
0xFB
0xE9
0xEB
0xED
0xFD
0xCE
0xDA
0xDB
0xDC
0xDD
0xDE
0xDF
0xFA
0xF9
0xD9
0xD9
0x87
0x8F
0xD0
0xD1
0xD1
0xEF
0xAB
0xAD
0xAC
0x99
0x98
0x84
0x86
0x85
0xA7
Page
305
305
305
305
305
305
305
305
305
305
305
303
303
303
303
303
303
304
304
301
302
140
134
95
PCA Capture 1 High
PCA Capture 2 High
PCA Capture 3 High
PCA Capture 4 High
PCA Capture 5 High
PCA Capture 0 Low
PCA Capture 1 Low
PCA Capture 2 Low
PCA Capture 3 Low
PCA Capture 4 Low
PCA Capture 5 Low
PCA Module 0 Mode Register
PCA Module 1 Mode Register
PCA Module 2 Mode Register
PCA Module 3 Mode Register
PCA Module 4 Mode Register
PCA Module 5 Mode Register
PCA Counter High
PCA0L
PCA Counter Low
PCA0MD
PCA0PWM
PCON
PCA Mode
PCA PWM Configuration
Power Control
PSCTL
Program Store R/W Control
Program Status Word
PSW
REF0CN
Voltage Reference Control
Voltage Regulator Control
Reset Source Configuration/Status
UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control
UART0 Baud Rate Reload High Byte
UART0 Baud Rate Reload Low Byte
UART0 Data Buffer
74
REG0CN
RSTSRC
85
146
250
251
251
250
248
107
110
109
108
SBCON0
SBRLH0
SBRLL0
SBUF0
SCON0
UART0 Control
SFR0CN
SFR Page Control
SFRLAST
SFRNEXT
SFRPAGE
SFR Stack Last Page
SFR Stack Next Page
SFR Page Select
Rev. 1.1
115
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 13.3. Special Function Registers (Continued)
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
SMB0CF
SMB0CN
SMB0DAT
SMOD0
SN0 - SN3
SP
Address
0xC1
Description
Page
232
234
236
249
96
SMBus0 Configuration
SMBus0 Control
SMBus0 Data
0xC0
0xC2
0xA9
UART0 Mode
0xF9 - 0xFC Serial Number Registers
0x81
0xA1
0xA2
0xF8
0xA3
0x88
0x8C
0x8D
0x8A
0x8B
0x89
0xC8
0xCD
0xCC
0xCB
0xCA
0x91
0x95
0x94
0x93
0x92
0xFF
0xE1
0xE2
0xC7
Stack Pointer
94
SPI0CFG
SPI0CKR
SPI0CN
SPI0DAT
TCON
SPI0 Configuration
SPI0 Clock Rate Control
SPI0 Control
259
261
260
261
271
274
274
273
273
272
278
280
280
279
279
284
286
286
285
285
144
184
185
186
SPI0 Data
Timer/Counter Control
Timer/Counter 0 High
Timer/Counter 1 High
Timer/Counter 0 Low
Timer/Counter 1 Low
Timer/Counter Mode
Timer/Counter 2 Control
Timer/Counter 2 High
Timer/Counter 2 Low
TH0
TH1
TL0
TL1
TMOD
TMR2CN
TMR2H
TMR2L
TMR2RLH
TMR2RLL
TMR3CN
TMR3H
TMR3L
TMR3RLH
TMR3RLL
VDM0CN
XBR0
Timer/Counter 2 Reload High
Timer/Counter 2 Reload Low
Timer/Counter 3 Control
Timer/Counter 3 High
Timer/Counter 3 Low
Timer/Counter 3 Reload High
Timer/Counter 3 Reload Low
VDD Monitor Control
Port I/O Crossbar Control 0
Port I/O Crossbar Control 1
Port I/O Crossbar Control 2
XBR1
XBR2
Note: The CAN registers are not explicitly defined in this datasheet. See Table 22.2 on page 223 for the list of all
available CAN registers.
116
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C8051F50x-F51x
14. Interrupts
The C8051F50x-F51x devices include an extended interrupt system supporting a total of 18 interrupt
sources with two priority levels. The allocation of interrupt sources between on-chip peripherals and exter-
nal inputs pins varies according to the specific version of the device. Each interrupt source has one or
more associated interrupt-pending flag(s) located in an SFR. When a peripheral or external source meets
a valid interrupt condition, the associated interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1.
If interrupts are enabled for the source, an interrupt request is generated when the interrupt-pending flag is
set. As soon as execution of the current instruction is complete, the CPU generates an LCALL to a prede-
termined address to begin execution of an interrupt service routine (ISR). Each ISR must end with an RETI
instruction, which returns program execution to the next instruction that would have been executed if the
interrupt request had not occurred. If interrupts are not enabled, the interrupt-pending flag is ignored by the
hardware and program execution continues as normal. (The interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1 regard-
less of the interrupt's enable/disable state.)
Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled through the use of an associated interrupt
enable bit in an SFR (IE, EIE1, or EIE2). However, interrupts must first be globally enabled by setting the
EA bit (IE.7) to logic 1 before the individual interrupt enables are recognized. Setting the EA bit to logic 0
disables all interrupt sources regardless of the individual interrupt-enable settings.
Note: Any instruction that clears a bit to disable an interrupt should be immediately followed by an instruction that has
two or more opcode bytes. Using EA (global interrupt enable) as an example:
// in 'C':
EA = 0; // clear EA bit.
EA = 0; // this is a dummy instruction with two-byte opcode.
; in assembly:
CLR EA ; clear EA bit.
CLR EA ; this is a dummy instruction with two-byte opcode.
For example, if an interrupt is posted during the execution phase of a "CLR EA" opcode (or any instruction
which clears a bit to disable an interrupt source), and the instruction is followed by a single-cycle instruc-
tion, the interrupt may be taken. However, a read of the enable bit will return a 0 inside the interrupt service
routine. When the bit-clearing opcode is followed by a multi-cycle instruction, the interrupt will not be taken.
Some interrupt-pending flags are automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR.
However, most are not cleared by the hardware and must be cleared by software before returning from the
ISR. If an interrupt-pending flag remains set after the CPU completes the return-from-interrupt (RETI)
instruction, a new interrupt request will be generated immediately and the CPU will re-enter the ISR after
the completion of the next instruction.
14.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors
The C8051F50x-F51x MCUs support 18 interrupt sources. Software can simulate an interrupt by setting
any interrupt-pending flag to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the flag, an interrupt request will be gener-
ated and the CPU will vector to the ISR address associated with the interrupt-pending flag. MCU interrupt
sources, associated vector addresses, priority order and control bits are summarized in Table 14.1. Refer
to the datasheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid
interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
Rev. 1.1
117
C8051F50x-F51x
14.1.1. Interrupt Priorities
Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of two priority levels: low or high. A low prior-
ity interrupt service routine can be preempted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt cannot be
preempted. Each interrupt has an associated interrupt priority bit in an SFR (IE, EIP1, or EIP2) used to
configure its priority level. Low priority is the default. If two interrupts are recognized simultaneously, the
interrupt with the higher priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have the same priority level, a fixed prior-
ity order is used to arbitrate, given in Table 14.1.
14.1.2. Interrupt Latency
Interrupt response time depends on the state of the CPU when the interrupt occurs. Pending interrupts are
sampled and priority decoded each system clock cycle. Therefore, the fastest possible response time is 5
system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt and 4 clock cycles to complete the LCALL to the
ISR. If an interrupt is pending when a RETI is executed, a single instruction is executed before an LCALL
is made to service the pending interrupt. Therefore, the maximum response time for an interrupt (when no
other interrupt is currently being serviced or the new interrupt is of greater priority) occurs when the CPU is
performing an RETI instruction followed by a DIV as the next instruction. In this case, the response time is
18 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt, 5 clock cycles to execute the RETI, 8 clock
cycles to complete the DIV instruction and 4 clock cycles to execute the LCALL to the ISR. If the CPU is
executing an ISR for an interrupt with equal or higher priority, the new interrupt will not be serviced until the
current ISR completes, including the RETI and following instruction.
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Table 14.1. Interrupt Summary
Interrupt Source
Interrupt Priority
Pending Flag
Enable
Flag
Priority
Control
Vector
Order
Reset
0x0000
0x0003
Top
0
None
N/A N/A
Always
Enabled
EX0 (IE.0) PX0 (IP.0)
Always
Highest
External Interrupt 0
(INT0)
IE0 (TCON.1)
Y
Y
Timer 0 Overflow
External Interrupt 1
(INT1)
0x000B
0x0013
1
2
TF0 (TCON.5)
IE1 (TCON.3)
Y
Y
Y
Y
ET0 (IE.1) PT0 (IP.1)
EX1 (IE.2) PX1 (IP.2)
Timer 1 Overflow
UART0
0x001B
0x0023
3
4
TF1 (TCON.7)
RI0 (SCON0.0)
Y
Y
Y
N
ET1 (IE.3) PT1 (IP.3)
ES0 (IE.4) PS0 (IP.4)
TI0 (SCON0.1)
Timer 2 Overflow
SPI0
0x002B
0x0033
5
6
TF2H (TMR2CN.7)
TF2L (TMR2CN.6)
SPIF (SPI0CN.7)
WCOL (SPI0CN.6)
MODF (SPI0CN.5)
RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4)
SI (SMB0CN.0)
Y
Y
N
N
ET2 (IE.5) PT2 (IP.5)
ESPI0
(IE.6)
PSPI0
(IP.6)
SMB0
0x003B
0x0043
0x004B
0x0053
7
8
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
ESMB0
(EIE1.0)
PSMB0
(EIP1.0)
ADC0 Window Com-
pare
ADC0 Conversion
Complete
Programmable
Counter Array
AD0WINT
(ADC0CN.3)
AD0INT (ADC0CN.5)
EWADC0 PWADC0
(EIE1.1)
EADC0
(EIE1.2)
EPCA0
(EIE1.3)
(EIP1.1)
PADC0
(EIP1.2)
PPCA0
(EIP1.3)
9
10
CF (PCA0CN.7)
CCFn (PCA0CN.n)
COVF (PCA0PWM.6)
CP0FIF (CPT0CN.4)
CP0RIF (CPT0CN.5)
CP1FIF (CPT1CN.4)
CP1RIF (CPT1CN.5)
TF3H (TMR3CN.7)
TF3L (TMR3CN.6)
LIN0INT (LINST.3)
Comparator0
Comparator1
Timer 3 Overflow
LIN0
0x005B
0x0063
0x006B
0x0073
0x007B
0x0083
0x008B
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
N
N
N
N
N
N
ECP0
(EIE1.4)
ECP1
PCP0
(EIP1.4)
PCP1
(EIE1.5)
(EIP1.5)
N
ET3
PT3
(EIE1.6)
(EIP1.6)
N*
ELIN0
(EIE1.7)
PLIN0
(EIP1.7)
PREG0
(EIP2.0)
PCAN0
(EIP2.1)
PMAT
Voltage Regulator
Dropout
N/A
N/A N/A EREG0
(EIE2.0)
N
CAN0
CAN0INT
(CAN0CN.7)
Y
ECAN0
(EIE2.1)
EMAT
Port Match
None
N/A N/A
(EIE2.2)
(EIP2.2)
Note: The LIN0INT bit is cleared by setting RSTINT (LINCTRL.3)
Rev. 1.1
119
C8051F50x-F51x
14.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions
The SFRs used to enable the interrupt sources and set their priority level are described in this section.
Refer to the data sheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding
valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
120
Rev. 1.1
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SFR Definition 14.1. IE: Interrupt Enable
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EA
ESPI0
ET2
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xA8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
EA
Enable All Interrupts.
Globally enables/disables all interrupts. It overrides individual interrupt mask settings.
0: Disable all interrupt sources.
1: Enable each interrupt according to its individual mask setting.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ESPI0 Enable Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the SPI0 interrupts.
0: Disable all SPI0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI0.
ET2
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Enable Timer 2 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 2 interrupt.
0: Disable Timer 2 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF2L or TF2H flags.
Enable UART0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the UART0 interrupt.
0: Disable UART0 interrupt.
1: Enable UART0 interrupt.
Enable Timer 1 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 1 interrupt.
0: Disable all Timer 1 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF1 flag.
Enable External Interrupt 1.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 1.
0: Disable external interrupt 1.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT1 input.
Enable Timer 0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0: Disable all Timer 0 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF0 flag.
Enable External Interrupt 0.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 0.
0: Disable external interrupt 0.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT0 input.
Rev. 1.1
121
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 14.2. IP: Interrupt Priority
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PSPI0
PT2
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Name
Type
Reset
R
1
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xB8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
Unused Read = 1b, Write = Don't Care.
6
PSPI0
PT2
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SPI0 interrupt.
0: SPI0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: SPI0 interrupt set to high priority level.
5
4
3
2
1
0
Timer 2 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 2 interrupt.
0: Timer 2 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 2 interrupt set to high priority level.
UART0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the UART0 interrupt.
0: UART0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: UART0 interrupt set to high priority level.
Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 1 interrupt.
0: Timer 1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 1 interrupt set to high priority level.
External Interrupt 1 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 1 interrupt.
0: External Interrupt 1 set to low priority level.
1: External Interrupt 1 set to high priority level.
Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0: Timer 0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 0 interrupt set to high priority level.
External Interrupt 0 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 0 interrupt.
0: External Interrupt 0 set to low priority level.
1: External Interrupt 0 set to high priority level.
122
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SFR Definition 14.3. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ELIN0
ET3
ECP1
ECP0
EPCA0
EADC0
EWADC0
ESMB0
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xE6; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
ELIN0
Enable LIN0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the LIN0 interrupt.
0: Disable LIN0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the LIN0INT flag.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ET3
Enable Timer 3 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 3 interrupt.
0: Disable Timer 3 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF3L or TF3H flags.
ECP1
ECP0
Enable Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the CP1 interrupt.
0: Disable CP1 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP1RIF or CP1FIF flags.
Enable Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the CP0 interrupt.
0: Disable CP0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP0RIF or CP0FIF flags.
EPCA0 Enable Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA0 interrupts.
0: Disable all PCA0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by PCA0.
EADC0 Enable ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
0: Disable ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the AD0INT flag.
EWADC0 Enable Window Comparison ADC0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
0: Disable ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by ADC0 Window Compare flag (AD0WINT).
ESMB0 Enable SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the SMB0 interrupt.
0: Disable all SMB0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SMB0.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 14.4. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PLIN0
PT3
PCP1
PCP0
PPCA0
PADC0
PWADC0
PSMB0
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xF6; SFR Page = 0x00 and 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
PLIN0
LIN0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the LIN0 interrupt.
0: LIN0 interrupts set to low priority level.
1: LIN0 interrupts set to high priority level.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PT3
Timer 3 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 3 interrupt.
0: Timer 3 interrupts set to low priority level.
1: Timer 3 interrupts set to high priority level.
PCP1
PCP0
Comparator0 (CP1) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP1 interrupt.
0: CP1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CP1 interrupt set to high priority level.
Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP0 interrupt.
0: CP0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CP0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PPCA0 Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the PCA0 interrupt.
0: PCA0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: PCA0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PADC0 ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
0: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to low priority level.
1: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to high priority level.
PWADC0 ADC0 Window Comparator Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Window interrupt.
0: ADC0 Window interrupt set to low priority level.
1: ADC0 Window interrupt set to high priority level.
PSMB0 SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SMB0 interrupt.
0: SMB0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: SMB0 interrupt set to high priority level.
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SFR Definition 14.5. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EMAT
ECAN0
EREG0
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xE7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
7:3
2
Name
Unused Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care.
EMAT Enable Port Match Interrupt.
Function
This bit sets the masking of the Port Match interrupt.
0: Disable all Port Match interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by a Port Match
ECAN0 Enable CAN0 Interrupts.
This bit sets the masking of the CAN0 interrupt.
1
0
0: Disable all CAN0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by CAN0.
EREG0 Enable Voltage Regulator Dropout Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
0: Disable the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
1: Enable the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
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C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 14.6. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority Enabled 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PMAT
PCAN0
PREG0
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xF7; SFR Page = 0x00 and 0x0F
Bit
7:3
2
Name
Function
Unused Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care.
PMAT
Port Match Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Port Match interrupt.
0: Port Match interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Port Match interrupt set to high priority level.
1
0
PCAN0 CAN0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CAN0 interrupt.
0: CAN0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CAN0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PREG0 Voltage Regulator Dropout Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
0: Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt set to high priority level.
14.3. External Interrupts INT0 and INT1
The INT0 and INT1 external interrupt sources are configurable as active high or low, edge or level sensi-
tive. The IN0PL (INT0 Polarity) and IN1PL (INT1 Polarity) bits in the IT01CF register select active high or
active low; the IT0 and IT1 bits in TCON (Section “26.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1” on page 267) select level or
edge sensitive. The table below lists the possible configurations.
IT0
IN0PL
INT0 Interrupt
IT1
IN1PL
INT1 Interrupt
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Active low, edge sensitive
Active high, edge sensitive
Active low, level sensitive
Active high, level sensitive
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Active low, edge sensitive
Active high, edge sensitive
Active low, level sensitive
Active high, level sensitive
INT0 and INT1 are assigned to Port pins as defined in the IT01CF register (see SFR Definition 14.7). Note
that INT0 and INT0 Port pin assignments are independent of any Crossbar assignments. INT0 and INT1
will monitor their assigned Port pins without disturbing the peripheral that was assigned the Port pin via the
Crossbar. To assign a Port pin only to INT0 and/or INT1, configure the Crossbar to skip the selected pin(s).
This is accomplished by setting the associated bit in register XBR0 (see Section “20.3. Priority Crossbar
Decoder” on page 180 for complete details on configuring the Crossbar).
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IE0 (TCON.1) and IE1 (TCON.3) serve as the interrupt-pending flags for the INT0 and INT1 external inter-
rupts, respectively. If an INT0 or INT1 external interrupt is configured as edge-sensitive, the corresponding
interrupt-pending flag is automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. When
configured as level sensitive, the interrupt-pending flag remains logic 1 while the input is active as defined
by the corresponding polarity bit (IN0PL or IN1PL); the flag remains logic 0 while the input is inactive. The
external interrupt source must hold the input active until the interrupt request is recognized. It must then
deactivate the interrupt request before execution of the ISR completes or another interrupt request will be
generated.
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SFR Definition 14.7. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IN1PL
IN1SL[2:0]
IN0PL
IN0SL[2:0]
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
IN1PL
INT1 Polarity.
0: INT1 input is active low.
1: INT1 input is active high.
6:4 IN1SL[2:0]
INT1 Port Pin Selection Bits.
These bits select which Port pin is assigned to INT1. Note that this pin assignment is
independent of the Crossbar; INT1 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturb-
ing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar
will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin.
000: Select P1.0
001: Select P1.1
010: Select P1.2
011: Select P1.3
100: Select P1.4
101: Select P1.5
110: Select P1.6
111: Select P1.7
3
IN0PL
INT0 Polarity.
0: INT0 input is active low.
1: INT0 input is active high.
2:0 IN0SL[2:0]
INT0 Port Pin Selection Bits.
These bits select which Port pin is assigned to INT0. Note that this pin assignment is
independent of the Crossbar; INT0 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturb-
ing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar
will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin.
000: Select P1.0
001: Select P1.1
010: Select P1.2
011: Select P1.3
100: Select P1.4
101: Select P1.5
110: Select P1.6
111: Select P1.7
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15. Flash Memory
On-chip, re-programmable Flash memory is included for program code and non-volatile data storage. The
Flash memory can be programmed in-system, a single byte at a time, through the C2 interface or by soft-
ware using the MOVX instruction. Once cleared to logic 0, a Flash bit must be erased to set it back to
logic 1. Flash bytes would typically be erased (set to 0xFF) before being reprogrammed. The write and
erase operations are automatically timed by hardware for proper execution; data polling to determine the
end of the write/erase operation is not required. Code execution is stalled during a Flash write/erase oper-
ation. Refer to Table 5.5 for complete Flash memory electrical characteristics.
15.1. Programming The Flash Memory
The simplest means of programming the Flash memory is through the C2 interface using programming
tools provided by Silicon Labs or a third party vendor. This is the only means for programming a non-initial-
ized device. For details on the C2 commands to program Flash memory, see Section “28. C2 Interface” on
page 306.
To ensure the integrity of Flash contents, The on-chip VDD Monitor must be enabled in any system that
includes code that writes and/or erases Flash memory from software. See Section 15.4 for more details.
Before performing any Flash write or erase procedure, set the FLEWT bit in Flash Scale register (FLSCL)
to ‘1’. Also, note that 8-bit MOVX instructions cannot be used to erase or write to Flash memory at
addresses higher than 0x00FF.
15.1.1. Flash Lock and Key Functions
Flash writes and erases by user software are protected with a lock and key function. The Flash Lock and
Key Register (FLKEY) must be written with the correct key codes, in sequence, before Flash operations
may be performed. The key codes are: 0xA5, 0xF1. The timing does not matter, but the codes must be
written in order. If the key codes are written out of order, or the wrong codes are written, Flash writes and
erases will be disabled until the next system reset. Flash writes and erases will also be disabled if a Flash
write or erase is attempted before the key codes have been written properly. The Flash lock resets after
each write or erase; the key codes must be written again before a following Flash operation can be per-
formed. The FLKEY register is detailed in SFR Definition 15.2.
15.1.2. Flash Erase Procedure
The Flash memory can be programmed by software using the MOVX write instruction with the address and
data byte to be programmed provided as normal operands. Before writing to Flash memory using MOVX,
Flash write operations must be enabled by doing the following: (1) setting the PSWE Program Store Write
Enable bit (PSCTL.0) to logic 1 (this directs the MOVX writes to target Flash memory); and (2) Writing the
Flash key codes in sequence to the Flash Lock register (FLKEY). The PSWE bit remains set until cleared
by software.
A write to Flash memory can clear bits to logic 0 but cannot set them; only an erase operation can set bits
to logic 1 in Flash. A byte location to be programmed should be erased before a new value is written.
The Flash memory is organized in 512-byte pages. The erase operation applies to an entire page (setting
all bytes in the page to 0xFF). To erase an entire 512-byte page, perform the following steps:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Set the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
3. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
4. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
5. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
6. Using the MOVX instruction, write a data byte to any location within the 512-byte page to be erased.
7. Clear the PSWE and PSEE bits.
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15.1.3. Flash Write Procedure
Flash bytes are programmed by software with the following sequence:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Erase the 512-byte Flash page containing the target location, as described in Section 15.1.2.
3. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
4. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
5. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
6. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
7. Using the MOVX instruction, write a single data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte sector.
8. Clear the PSWE bit.
Steps 5–7 must be repeated for each byte to be written. After Flash writes are complete, PSWE should be
cleared so that MOVX instructions do not target program memory.
15.1.4. Flash Write Optimization
The Flash write procedure includes a block write option to optimize the time to perform consecutive byte
writes. When block write is enabled by setting the CHBLKW bit (CCH0CN.0), writes to two consecutive
bytes in Flash require the same amount of time as a single byte write. This is performed by caching the first
byte that is written to Flash and then committing both bytes to Flash when the second byte is written. When
block writes are enabled, if the second write does not occur, the first data byte written is not actually written
to Flash. Flash bytes with block write enabled are programmed by software with the following sequence:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Erase the 512-byte Flash page containing the target location, as described in Section 15.1.2.
3. Set the CHBLKW bit (register CCH0CN).
4. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
5. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
6. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
7. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
8. Using the MOVX instruction, write the first data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte sector.
9. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
10.Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
11.Using the MOVX instruction, write the second data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte
sector. The location of the second byte must be the next higher address from the first data byte.
12.Clear the PSWE bit.
13.Clear the CHBLKW bit.
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15.2. Non-volatile Data Storage
The Flash memory can be used for non-volatile data storage as well as program code. This allows data
such as calibration coefficients to be calculated and stored at run time. Data is written using the MOVX
write instruction and read using the MOVC instruction. Note: MOVX read instructions always target XRAM.
15.3. Security Options
The CIP-51 provides security options to protect the Flash memory from inadvertent modification by soft-
ware as well as to prevent the viewing of proprietary program code and constants. The Program Store
Write Enable (bit PSWE in register PSCTL) and the Program Store Erase Enable (bit PSEE in register
PSCTL) bits protect the Flash memory from accidental modification by software. PSWE must be explicitly
set to 1 before software can modify the Flash memory; both PSWE and PSEE must be set to 1 before soft-
ware can erase Flash memory. Additional security features prevent proprietary program code and data
constants from being read or altered across the C2 interface.
A Security Lock Byte located at the last byte of Flash user space offers protection of the Flash program
memory from access (reads, writes, or erases) by unprotected code or the C2 interface. The Flash security
mechanism allows the user to lock n 512-byte Flash pages, starting at page 0 (addresses 0x0000 to
0x01FF), where n is the ones complement number represented by the Security Lock Byte. Note that the
page containing the Flash Security Lock Byte is unlocked when no other Flash pages are locked
(all bits of the Lock Byte are 1) and locked when any other Flash pages are locked (any bit of the
Lock Byte is 0). See example in Figure 15.1.
Reserved Area
Lock Byte
Locked when
any other FLASH
pages are locked
Lock Byte Page
Unlocked FLASH Pages
Access limit set
according to the
FLASH security
lock byte
Locked Flash Pages
Security Lock Byte:
1s Complement:
11111101b
00000010b
Flash pages locked:
3 (First two Flash pages + Lock Byte Page)
Figure 15.1. Flash Program Memory Map
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The level of Flash security depends on the Flash access method. The three Flash access methods that
can be restricted are reads, writes, and erases from the C2 debug interface, user firmware executing on
unlocked pages, and user firmware executing on locked pages. Table 15.1 summarizes the Flash security
features of the C8051F50x-F51x devices.
Table 15.1. Flash Security Summary
Action
C2 Debug
Interface
User Firmware executing from:
an unlocked page a locked page
Read, Write or Erase unlocked pages
(except page with Lock Byte)
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Read, Write or Erase locked pages
(except page with Lock Byte)
Not Permitted Flash Error Reset
Permitted Permitted
Not Permitted Flash Error Reset
Permitted Permitted
Not Permitted Flash Error Reset
Read or Write page containing Lock Byte
(if no pages are locked)
Read or Write page containing Lock Byte
(if any page is locked)
Read contents of Lock Byte
(if no pages are locked)
Read contents of Lock Byte
(if any page is locked)
Erase page containing Lock Byte
(if no pages are locked)
Permitted
Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Erase page containing Lock Byte—Unlock all
pages (if any page is locked)
C2 Device
Erase Only
Lock additional pages
(change 1s to 0s in the Lock Byte)
Not Permitted Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Not Permitted Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Not Permitted Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Unlock individual pages
(change 0s to 1s in the Lock Byte)
Read, Write or Erase Reserved Area
C2 Device Erase—Erases all Flash pages including the page containing the Lock Byte.
Flash Error Reset—Not permitted; Causes Flash Error Device Reset (FERROR bit in RSTSRC is '1' after
reset).
- All prohibited operations that are performed via the C2 interface are ignored (do not cause device reset).
- Locking any Flash page also locks the page containing the Lock Byte.
- Once written to, the Lock Byte cannot be modified except by performing a C2 Device Erase.
- If user code writes to the Lock Byte, the Lock does not take effect until the next device reset.
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15.4. Flash Write and Erase Guidelines
Any system which contains routines which write or erase Flash memory from software involves some risk
that the write or erase routines will execute unintentionally if the CPU is operating outside its specified
operating range of VDD, system clock frequency, or temperature. This accidental execution of Flash modi-
fying code can result in alteration of Flash memory contents causing a system failure that is only recover-
able by re-Flashing the code in the device.
The following guidelines are recommended for any system which contains routines which write or erase
Flash from code.
15.4.1. V Maintenance and the V monitor
DD
DD
1. If the system power supply is subject to voltage or current "spikes," add sufficient transient protection
devices to the power supply to ensure that the supply voltages listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings
table are not exceeded.
2. The on-chip VDD monitor is turned on and enabled as a reset source by default by the hardware. If it is
disabled by the firmware, use the following recommendations when re-enabling the VDD monitor. Turn
on the VDD monitor and enable it as a reset source as early in code as possible. This should be the first
set of instructions executed after the Reset Vector. For C-based systems, this will involve modifying the
startup code added by the C compiler. See your compiler documentation for more details. Make certain
that there are no delays in software between enabling the VDD monitor and enabling the VDD monitor as
a reset source. Code examples showing this can be found in “AN201: Writing to Flash from Firmware",
available from the Silicon Laboratories web site.
3. As an added precaution, explicitly enable the VDD monitor and enable the VDD monitor as a reset
source inside the functions that write and erase Flash memory. The VDD monitor enable instructions
should be placed just after the instruction to set PSWE to a 1, but before the Flash write or erase
operation instruction.
4. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC (Reset Sources) register use direct assignment operators
and explicitly DO NOT use the bit-wise operators (such as AND or OR). For example, "RSTSRC =
0x02" is correct. "RSTSRC |= 0x02" is incorrect.
5. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC register explicitly set the PORSF bit to a 1. Areas to check
are initialization code which enables other reset sources, such as the Missing Clock Detector or
Comparator, for example, and instructions which force a Software Reset. A global search on "RSTSRC"
can quickly verify this.
15.4.2. PSWE Maintenance
1. Reduce the number of places in code where the PSWE bit (b0 in PSCTL) is set to a 1. There should be
exactly one routine in code that sets PSWE to a 1 to write Flash bytes and one routine in code that sets
PSWE and PSEE both to a 1 to erase Flash pages.
2. Minimize the number of variable accesses while PSWE is set to a 1. Handle pointer address updates
and loop variable maintenance outside the "PSWE = 1;... PSWE = 0;" area. Code examples showing
this can be found in ”AN201: Writing to Flash from Firmware" available from the Silicon Laboratories
web site.
3. Disable interrupts prior to setting PSWE to a 1 and leave them disabled until after PSWE has been
reset to '0'. Any interrupts posted during the Flash write or erase operation will be serviced in priority
order after the Flash operation has been completed and interrupts have been re-enabled by software.
4. Make certain that the Flash write and erase pointer variables are not located in XRAM. See your
compiler documentation for instructions regarding how to explicitly locate variables in different memory
areas.
5. Add address bounds checking to the routines that write or erase Flash memory to ensure that a routine
called with an illegal address does not result in modification of the Flash.
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15.4.3. System Clock
1. If operating from an external crystal, be advised that crystal performance is susceptible to electrical
interference and is sensitive to layout and to changes in temperature. If the system is operating in an
electrically noisy environment, use the internal oscillator or use an external CMOS clock.
2. If operating from the external oscillator, switch to the internal oscillator during Flash write or erase
operations. The external oscillator can continue to run, and the CPU can switch back to the external
oscillator after the Flash operation has completed.
Additional Flash recommendations and example code can be found in ”AN201: Writing to Flash from Firm-
ware" available from the Silicon Laboratories web site.
SFR Definition 15.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PSEE
PSWE
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0x8F; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
7:2
1
Name
Unused Read = 000000b, Write = don’t care.
PSEE Program Store Erase Enable.
Function
Setting this bit (in combination with PSWE) allows an entire page of Flash program
memory to be erased. If this bit is logic 1 and Flash writes are enabled (PSWE is logic
1), a write to Flash memory using the MOVX instruction will erase the entire page that
contains the location addressed by the MOVX instruction. The value of the data byte
written does not matter.
0: Flash program memory erasure disabled.
1: Flash program memory erasure enabled.
0
PSWE Program Store Write Enable.
Setting this bit allows writing a byte of data to the Flash program memory using the
MOVX write instruction. The Flash location should be erased before writing data.
0: Writes to Flash program memory disabled.
1: Writes to Flash program memory enabled; the MOVX write instruction targets Flash
memory.
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SFR Definition 15.2. FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FLKEY[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xB7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit Name
Function
7:0 FLKEY[7:0] Flash Lock and Key Register.
Write:
This register provides a lock and key function for Flash erasures and writes. Flash
writes and erases are enabled by writing 0xA5 followed by 0xF1 to the FLKEY regis-
ter. Flash writes and erases are automatically disabled after the next write or erase is
complete. If any writes to FLKEY are performed incorrectly, or if a Flash write or erase
operation is attempted while these operations are disabled, the Flash will be perma-
nently locked from writes or erasures until the next device reset. If an application
never writes to Flash, it can intentionally lock the Flash by writing a non-0xA5 value to
FLKEY from software.
Read:
When read, bits 1–0 indicate the current Flash lock state.
00: Flash is write/erase locked.
01: The first key code has been written (0xA5).
10: Flash is unlocked (writes/erases allowed).
11: Flash writes/erases disabled until the next reset.
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SFR Definition 15.3. FLSCL: Flash Scale
Bit
7
6
5
4
FLRT
R/W
0
3
2
1
FLEWT
R/W
0
0
Reserved
R/W
Name Reserved Reserved Reserved
Reserved Reserved
Type
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
Reset
0
SFR Address = 0xB6; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit Name
7:5 Reserved Must Write 000b.
FLRT Flash Read Time Control.
Function
4
This bit should be programmed to the smallest allowed value, according to the system
clock speed.
0: SYSCLK < 25 MHz (Flash read strobe is one system clock).
1: SYSCLK > 25 MHz (Flash read strobe is two system clocks).
3:2 Reserved Must Write 00b.
1
FLEWT
Flash Erase Write Time Control.
This bit should be set to 1b before Writing or Erasing Flash.
0: Short Flash Erase / Write Timing.
1: Extended Flash Erase / Write Timing.
0
Reserved Must Write 0b.
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SFR Definition 15.4. CCH0CN: Cache Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name Reserved Reserved CHPFEN Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved CHBLKW
Type
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
1
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
Reset
SFR Address = 0xE3; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
7:6 Reserved Must Write 00b
CHPFEN Cache Prefect Enable Bit.
Function
5
0: Prefetch engine is disabled.
1: Prefetch engine is enabled.
4:1 Reserved Must Write 0000b.
0
CHBLKW Block Write Enable Bit.
This bit allows block writes to Flash memory from firmware.
0: Each byte of a software Flash write is written individually.
1: Flash bytes are written in groups of two.
SFR Definition 15.5. ONESHOT: Flash Oneshot Period
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Type
Reset
PERIOD[3:0]
R/W R/W
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
1
R/W
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xBE; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:4
Unused
Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
3:0 PERIOD[3:0] Oneshot Period Control Bits.
These bits limit the internal Flash read strobe width as follows. When the Flash read
strobe is de-asserted, the Flash memory enters a low-power state for the remainder
of the system clock cycle. These bits have no effect when the system clocks is
greater than 12.5 MHz and FLRT = 0.
FLASHRDMAX = 5ns + PERIOD 5ns
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16. Power Management Modes
The C8051F50x-F51x devices have three software programmable power management modes: Idle, Stop,
and Suspend. Idle mode and Stop mode are part of the standard 8051 architecture, while Suspend mode
is an enhanced power-saving mode implemented by the high-speed oscillator peripheral.
Idle mode halts the CPU while leaving the peripherals and clocks active. In Stop mode, the CPU is halted,
all interrupts and timers (except the Missing Clock Detector) are inactive, and the internal oscillator is
stopped (analog peripherals remain in their selected states; the external oscillator is not affected). Sus-
pend mode is similar to Stop mode in that the internal oscillator and CPU are halted, but the device can
wake on events such as a Port Match or Comparator low output. Since clocks are running in Idle mode,
power consumption is dependent upon the system clock frequency and the number of peripherals left in
active mode before entering Idle. Stop mode and Suspend mode consume the least power because the
majority of the device is shut down with no clocks active. SFR Definition 16.1 describes the Power Control
Register (PCON) used to control the C8051F50x-F51x devices’ Stop and Idle power management modes.
Suspend mode is controlled by the SUSPEND bit in the OSCICN register (SFR Definition 19.2).
Although the C8051F50x-F51x has Idle, Stop, and Suspend modes available, more control over the device
power can be achieved by enabling/disabling individual peripherals as needed. Each analog peripheral
can be disabled when not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers or
serial buses, draw little power when they are not in use. Turning off oscillators lowers power consumption
considerably, at the expense of reduced functionality.
16.1. Idle Mode
Setting the Idle Mode Select bit (PCON.0) causes the hardware to halt the CPU and enter Idle mode as
soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain
their original data. All analog and digital peripherals can remain active during Idle mode.
Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an
enabled interrupt will cause the Idle Mode Selection bit (PCON.0) to be cleared and the CPU to resume
operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed after the return
from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the Idle Mode Select bit.
If Idle mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence
and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
Note: If the instruction following the write of the IDLE bit is a single-byte instruction and an interrupt occurs
during the execution phase of the instruction that sets the IDLE bit, the CPU may not wake from Idle mode
when a future interrupt occurs. Therefore, instructions that set the IDLE bit should be followed by an
instruction that has two or more opcode bytes, for example:
// in ‘C’:
PCON |= 0x01;
PCON = PCON;
// set IDLE bit
// ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
; in assembly:
ORL PCON, #01h
MOV PCON, PCON
; set IDLE bit
; ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby termi-
nate the Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event
of an inadvertent write to the PCON register. If this behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by
software prior to entering the Idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to allow this operation. This pro-
vides the opportunity for additional power savings, allowing the system to remain in the Idle mode indefi-
nitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake up the system. Refer to Section “17.6. PCA Watchdog Timer
Reset” on page 145 for more information on the use and configuration of the WDT.
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16.2. Stop Mode
Setting the Stop Mode Select bit (PCON.1) causes the controller core to enter Stop mode as soon as the
instruction that sets the bit completes execution. In Stop mode the internal oscillator, CPU, and all digital
peripherals are stopped; the state of the external oscillator circuit is not affected. Each analog peripheral
(including the external oscillator circuit) may be shut down individually prior to entering Stop Mode. Stop
mode can only be terminated by an internal or external reset. On reset, the device performs the normal
reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
If enabled, the Missing Clock Detector will cause an internal reset and thereby terminate the Stop mode.
The Missing Clock Detector should be disabled if the CPU is to be put to in STOP mode for longer than the
MCD timeout of 100 µs.
16.3. Suspend Mode
Setting the SUSPEND bit (OSCICN.5) causes the hardware to halt the CPU and the high-frequency inter-
nal oscillator, and go into Suspend mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution.
All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. Most digital peripherals are not active in Sus-
pend mode. The exception to this is the Port Match feature.
Suspend mode can be terminated by three types of events, a port match (described in Section “20.5. Port
Match” on page 187), a Comparator low output (if enabled), or a device reset event. When Suspend mode
is terminated, the device will continue execution on the instruction following the one that set the SUSPEND
bit. If the wake event was configured to generate an interrupt, the interrupt will be serviced upon waking
the device. If Suspend mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal
reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
Rev. 1.1
139
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 16.1. PCON: Power Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GF[5:0]
R/W
STOP
IDLE
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x87; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:2
GF[5:0]
General Purpose Flags 5–0.
These are general purpose flags for use under software control.
1
0
STOP
IDLE
Stop Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Stop mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
1: CPU goes into Stop mode (internal oscillator stopped).
IDLE: Idle Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Idle mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
1: CPU goes into Idle mode. (Shuts off clock to CPU, but clock to Timers, Interrupts,
Serial Ports, and Analog Peripherals are still active.)
140
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
17. Reset Sources
Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this
reset state, the following occur:
CIP-51 halts program execution
Special Function Registers (SFRs) are initialized to their defined reset values
External Port pins are forced to a known state
Interrupts and timers are disabled.
All SFRs are reset to the predefined values noted in the SFR detailed descriptions. The contents of internal
data memory are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved. However, since the
stack pointer SFR is reset, the stack is effectively lost, even though the data on the stack is not altered.
The Port I/O latches are reset to 0xFF (all logic ones) in open-drain mode. Weak pullups are enabled dur-
ing and after the reset. For VDD Monitor and power-on resets, the RST pin is driven low until the device
exits the reset state.
On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the system clock defaults to the inter-
nal oscillator. The Watchdog Timer is enabled with the system clock divided by 12 as its clock source. Pro-
gram execution begins at location 0x0000.
VDD
Power On
Reset
Supply
Monitor
+
-
'0'
/RST
Enable
Comparator 0
(wired-OR)
Px.x
Px.x
+
-
C0RSEF
Missing
Clock
Detector
(one-
shot)
Reset
Funnel
PCA
WDT
(Software Reset)
EN
SWRSF
EN
Errant
FLASH
Operation
System
Clock
CIP-51
System Reset
Microcontroller
Core
Extended Interrupt
Handler
Figure 17.1. Reset Sources
Rev. 1.1
141
C8051F50x-F51x
17.1. Power-On Reset
During power-up, the device is held in a reset state and the RST pin is driven low until VDD settles above
VRST. A delay occurs before the device is released from reset; the delay decreases as the VDD ramp time
increases (VDD ramp time is defined as how fast VDD ramps from 0 V to VRST). Figure 17.2. plots the
power-on and VDD monitor reset timing.
On exit from a power-on reset, the PORSF flag (RSTSRC.1) is set by hardware to logic 1. When PORSF is
set, all of the other reset flags in the RSTSRC Register are indeterminate (PORSF is cleared by all other
resets). Since all resets cause program execution to begin at the same location (0x0000) software can
read the PORSF flag to determine if a power-up was the cause of reset. The content of internal data mem-
ory should be assumed to be undefined after a power-on reset. The VDD monitor is enabled following a
power-on reset.
VDD
2.45
2.25
VRST
2.0
1.0
t
/RST
Logic HIGH
TPORDelay
Logic LOW
VDD
Power-On
Reset
Monitor
Reset
Figure 17.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing
17.2. Power-Fail Reset/V Monitor
DD
When a power-down transition or power irregularity causes VDD to drop below VRST, the power supply
monitor will drive the RST pin low and hold the CIP-51 in a reset state (see Figure 17.2). When VDD returns
to a level above VRST, the CIP-51 will be released from the reset state. Note that even though internal data
memory contents are not altered by the power-fail reset, it is impossible to determine if VDD dropped below
the level required for data retention. If the PORSF flag reads 1, the data may no longer be valid. The VDD
monitor is enabled after power-on resets. Its defined state (enabled/disabled) is not altered by any other
reset source. For example, if the VDD monitor is disabled by code and a software reset is performed, the
VDD monitor will still be disabled after the reset. To protect the integrity of Flash contents, the V
DD
monitor must be enabled to the higher setting (VDMLVL = 1) and selected as a reset source if soft-
ware contains routines which erase or write Flash memory. If the V monitor is not enabled and
DD
set to the high level, any erase or write performed on Flash memory will cause a Flash Error device
reset.
142
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Important Note: If the VDD monitor is being turned on from a disabled state, it should be enabled before it
is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it is enabled and stabi-
lized may cause a system reset. In some applications, this reset may be undesirable. If this is not desirable
in the application, a delay should be introduced between enabling the monitor and selecting it as a reset
source. The procedure for enabling the VDD monitor and configuring it as a reset source from a disabled
state is as follows:
1. Enable the VDD monitor (VDMEN bit in VDM0CN = 1).
2. If necessary, wait for the VDD monitor to stabilize (see Table 5.4 for the VDD Monitor turn-on time).
Note: This delay should be omitted if software contains routines that erase or write Flash
memory.
3. Select the VDD monitor as a reset source (PORSF bit in RSTSRC = 1).
See Figure 17.2 for VDD monitor timing; note that the power-on-reset delay is not incurred after a VDD
monitor reset. See Table 5.4 for complete electrical characteristics of the VDD monitor.
See “Figure 5.1. Minimum VDD Monitor Threshold vs. System Clock Frequency” on page 44 for VDD mon-
itor threshold level requirements.
Note: The output of the internal voltage regulator is calibrated by the MCU immediately after any reset event. The
output of the un-calibrated internal regulator could be below the high threshold setting of the VDD Monitor. If
this is the case and the VDD Monitor is set to the high threshold setting and if the MCU receives a non-power
on reset (POR), the MCU will remain in reset until a POR occurs (i.e., VDD Monitor will keep the device in
reset). A POR will force the VDD Monitor to the low threshold setting which is guaranteed to be below the un-
calibrated output of the internal regulator. The device will then exit reset and resume normal operation. It is for
this reason Silicon Labs strongly recommends that the VDD Monitor is always left in the low threshold setting
(i.e., default value upon POR).
When programming the Flash in-system, the VDD Monitor must be set to the high threshold setting. For the
highest system reliability, the time the VDD Monitor is set to the high threshold setting should be minimized
(e.g. setting the VDD Monitor to the high threshold setting just before the Flash write operation and then
changing it back to the low threshold setting immediately after the Flash write operation).
Rev. 1.1
143
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 17.1. VDM0CN: V Monitor Control
DD
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
VDMEN VDDSTAT VDMLVL
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
R
R/W
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
Varies
Varies
SFR Address = 0xFF; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
VDMEN
V
Monitor Enable.
DD
This bit turns the VDD monitor circuit on/off. The VDD Monitor cannot generate sys-
tem resets until it is also selected as a reset source in register RSTSRC (SFR Def-
inition 17.2). Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it has stabilized
may generate a system reset. In systems where this reset would be undesirable, a
delay should be introduced between enabling the VDD Monitor and selecting it as a
reset source. See Table 5.4 for the minimum VDD Monitor turn-on time.
0: VDD Monitor Disabled.
1: VDD Monitor Enabled.
6
5
VDDSTAT
VDMLVL
Unused
V
Status.
DD
This bit indicates the current power supply status (VDD Monitor output).
0: VDD is at or below the VDD monitor threshold.
1: VDD is above the VDD monitor threshold.
V
Monitor Level Select.
DD
0: VDD Monitor Threshold is set to VRST-LOW
1: VDD Monitor Threshold is set to VRST-HIGH. This setting is required for any sys-
tem includes code that writes to and/or erases Flash.
4:0
Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t care.
17.3. External Reset
The external RST pin provides a means for external circuitry to force the device into a reset state. Assert-
ing an active-low signal on the RST pin generates a reset; an external pullup and/or decoupling of the RST
pin may be necessary to avoid erroneous noise-induced resets. See Table 5.4 for complete RST pin spec-
ifications. The PINRSF flag (RSTSRC.0) is set on exit from an external reset.
17.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset
The Missing Clock Detector (MCD) is a one-shot circuit that is triggered by the system clock. If the system
clock remains high or low for more than the value specified in Table 5.4, “Reset Electrical Characteristics,”
on page 46, the one-shot will time out and generate a reset. After a MCD reset, the MCDRSF flag (RST-
SRC.2) will read 1, signifying the MCD as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads 0. Writing a 1 to the
MCDRSF bit enables the Missing Clock Detector; writing a 0 disables it. The state of the RST pin is unaf-
fected by this reset.
144
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
17.5. Comparator0 Reset
Comparator0 can be configured as a reset source by writing a 1 to the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5).
Comparator0 should be enabled and allowed to settle prior to writing to C0RSEF to prevent any turn-on
chatter on the output from generating an unwanted reset. The Comparator0 reset is active-low: if the non-
inverting input voltage (on CP0+) is less than the inverting input voltage (on CP0–), the device is put into
the reset state. After a Comparator0 reset, the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5) will read 1 signifying
Comparator0 as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads 0. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this
reset.
17.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset
The programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) function of the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) can be
used to prevent software from running out of control during a system malfunction. The PCA WDT function
can be enabled or disabled by software as described in Section “27.4. Watchdog Timer Mode” on
page 297; the WDT is enabled and clocked by SYSCLK/12 following any reset. If a system malfunction
prevents user software from updating the WDT, a reset is generated and the WDTRSF bit (RSTSRC.5) is
set to 1. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
17.7. Flash Error Reset
If a Flash read/write/erase or program read targets an illegal address, a system reset is generated. This
may occur due to any of the following:
A Flash write or erase is attempted above user code space. This occurs when PSWE is set to 1 and a
MOVX write operation targets an address in or above the reserved space.
A Flash read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when a MOVC operation targets an
address in or above the reserved space.
A Program read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when user code attempts to branch
to an address in or above the reserved space.
A Flash read, write or erase attempt is restricted due to a Flash security setting (see Section
“15.3. Security Options” on page 131).
A Flash read, write, or erase is attempted when the VDD Monitor is not enabled to the high threshold
and set as a reset source.
The FERROR bit (RSTSRC.6) is set following a Flash error reset. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by
this reset.
17.8. Software Reset
Software may force a reset by writing a 1 to the SWRSF bit (RSTSRC.4). The SWRSF bit will read 1 fol-
lowing a software forced reset. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
Rev. 1.1
145
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 17.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PINRSF
R
Name
Type
Reset
FERROR C0RSEF
SWRSF WDTRSF MCDRSF
PORSF
R/W
R
0
R
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
SFR Address = 0xEF; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Description
Write
Read
7
Unused Unused.
Don’t care.
N/A
0
6
FERROR Flash Error Reset Flag.
Set to 1 if Flash
read/write/erase error
caused the last reset.
5
4
3
2
C0RSEF Comparator0 Reset Enable Writing a 1 enables
Set to 1 if Comparator0
caused the last reset.
and Flag.
Comparator0 as a reset
source (active-low).
SWRSF Software Reset Force and
Writing a 1 forces a sys-
tem reset.
Set to 1 if last reset was
caused by a write to
SWRSF.
Flag.
WDTRSF Watchdog Timer Reset Flag. N/A
Set to 1 if Watchdog Timer
overflow caused the last
reset.
MCDRSF Missing Clock Detector
Writing a 1 enables the
Missing Clock Detector.
Set to 1 if Missing Clock
Detector timeout caused
Enable and Flag.
The MCD triggers a reset the last reset.
if a missing clock condition
is detected.
1
PORSF Power-On/V Monitor
Writing a 1 enables the
DD monitor as a reset
source.
Set to 1 anytime a power-
on or VDD monitor reset
occurs.
DD
V
Reset Flag, and V monitor
DD
Reset Enable.
Writing 1 to this bit
When set to 1 all other
before the V monitor RSTSRC flags are inde-
DD
is enabled and stabilized terminate.
may cause a system
reset.
0
PINRSF HW Pin Reset Flag.
N/A
Set to 1 if RST pin caused
the last reset.
Note: Do not use read-modify-write operations on this register
146
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
18. External Data Memory Interface and On-Chip XRAM
For C8051F50x-F51x devices, 4 kB of RAM are included on-chip and mapped into the external data mem-
ory space (XRAM). Additionally, an External Memory Interface (EMIF) is available on the C8051F500/1/4/5
and C8051F508/9-F510/1 devices, which can be used to access off-chip data memories and memory-
mapped devices connected to the GPIO ports. The external memory space may be accessed using the
external move instruction (MOVX) and the data pointer (DPTR), or using the MOVX indirect addressing
mode using R0 or R1. If the MOVX instruction is used with an 8-bit address operand (such as @R1), then
the high byte of the 16-bit address is provided by the External Memory Interface Control Register
(EMI0CN, shown in SFR Definition 18.1).
Note: The MOVX instruction can also be used for writing to the Flash memory. See Section “15. Flash Memory” on
page 129 for details. The MOVX instruction accesses XRAM by default.
18.1. Accessing XRAM
The XRAM memory space is accessed using the MOVX instruction. The MOVX instruction has two forms,
both of which use an indirect addressing method. The first method uses the Data Pointer, DPTR, a 16-bit
register which contains the effective address of the XRAM location to be read from or written to. The sec-
ond method uses R0 or R1 in combination with the EMI0CN register to generate the effective XRAM
address. Examples of both of these methods are given below.
18.1.1. 16-Bit MOVX Example
The 16-bit form of the MOVX instruction accesses the memory location pointed to by the contents of the
DPTR register. The following series of instructions reads the value of the byte at address 0x1234 into the
accumulator A:
MOV
MOVX
DPTR, #1234h
A, @DPTR
; load DPTR with 16-bit address to read (0x1234)
; load contents of 0x1234 into accumulator A
The above example uses the 16-bit immediate MOV instruction to set the contents of DPTR. Alternately,
the DPTR can be accessed through the SFR registers DPH, which contains the upper 8-bits of DPTR, and
DPL, which contains the lower 8-bits of DPTR.
18.1.2. 8-Bit MOVX Example
The 8-bit form of the MOVX instruction uses the contents of the EMI0CN SFR to determine the upper 8-bits
of the effective address to be accessed and the contents of R0 or R1 to determine the lower 8-bits of the
effective address to be accessed. The following series of instructions read the contents of the byte at
address 0x1234 into the accumulator A.
MOV
MOV
MOVX
EMI0CN, #12h
R0, #34h
a, @R0
; load high byte of address into EMI0CN
; load low byte of address into R0 (or R1)
; load contents of 0x1234 into accumulator A
Rev. 1.1
147
C8051F50x-F51x
18.2. Configuring the External Memory Interface
Configuring the External Memory Interface consists of five steps:
1. Configure the Output Modes of the associated port pins as either push-pull or open-drain (push-pull is
most common), and skip the associated pins in the crossbar.
2. Configure Port latches to “park” the EMIF pins in a dormant state (usually by setting them to logic 1).
3. Select Multiplexed mode or Non-multiplexed mode.
4. Select the memory mode (on-chip only, split mode without bank select, split mode with bank select, or
off-chip only).
5. Set up timing to interface with off-chip memory or peripherals.
Each of these five steps is explained in detail in the following sections. The Port selection, Multiplexed
mode selection, and Mode bits are located in the EMI0CF register shown in SFR Definition .
18.3. Port Configuration
The External Memory Interface appears on Ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 when it is used for off-chip memory access.
When the EMIF is used, the Crossbar should be configured to skip over the /RD control line (P1.6) and the
/WR control line (P1.7) using the P1SKIP register. When the EMIF is used in multiplexed mode, the Cross-
bar should also skip over the ALE control line (P1.5). For more information about configuring the Crossbar,
see Section “20.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O” on page 191. The
EMIF pinout is shown in Table 18.1 on page 149.
The External Memory Interface claims the associated Port pins for memory operations ONLY during the
execution of an off-chip MOVX instruction. Once the MOVX instruction has completed, control of the Port
pins reverts to the Port latches or to the Crossbar settings for those pins. See Section “20. Port Input/Out-
put” on page 177 for more information about the Crossbar and Port operation and configuration. The Port
latches should be explicitly configured to “park” the External Memory Interface pins in a dormant
state, most commonly by setting them to a logic 1.
During the execution of the MOVX instruction, the External Memory Interface will explicitly disable the driv-
ers on all Port pins that are acting as Inputs (Data[7:0] during a READ operation, for example). The Output
mode of the Port pins (whether the pin is configured as Open-Drain or Push-Pull) is unaffected by the
External Memory Interface operation, and remains controlled by the PnMDOUT registers. In most cases,
the output modes of all EMIF pins should be configured for push-pull mode.
The C8051F500/1/4/5 devices support both the multiplexed and non-multiplexed modes and the
C8051F508/9-F510/1 devices support only multiplexed modes. Accessing off-chip memory is not sup-
ported by the C8051F502/3/6/7 devices.
148
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 18.1. EMIF Pinout (C8051F500/1/4/5)
Multiplexed Mode
Signal Name
Non Multiplexed Mode
Signal Name
Port Pin
P1.6
P1.7
P1.5
P4.0
P4.1
P4.2
P4.3
P4.4
P4.5
P4.6
P4.7
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
—
Port Pin
P1.6
P1.7
P4.0
P4.1
P4.2
P4.3
P4.4
P4.5
P4.6
P4.7
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
RD
WR
RD
WR
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A0
ALE
D0/A0
D1/A1
D2/A2
D3/A3
D4/A4
D5/A5
D6/A6
D7/A7
A8
A1
A9
A2
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
—
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
—
—
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Rev. 1.1
149
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 18.2. EMIF Pinout (C8051F508/9-F510/1)
Multiplexed Mode
Signal Name
Port Pin
P1.6
P1.7
P1.5
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
RD
WR
ALE
D0/A0
D1/A1
D2/A2
D3/A3
D4/A4
D5/A5
D6/A6
D7/A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
150
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 18.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Type
Reset
PGSEL[7:0]
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAA; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 PGSEL[7:0] XRAM Page Select Bits.
Function
The XRAM Page Select Bits provide the high byte of the 16-bit external data memory
address when using an 8-bit MOVX command, effectively selecting a 256-byte page of
RAM.
0x00: 0x0000 to 0x00FF
0x01: 0x0100 to 0x01FF
...
0xFE: 0xFE00 to 0xFEFF
0xFF: 0xFF00 to 0xFFFF
Rev. 1.1
151
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 18.2. EMI0CF: External Memory Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Type
Reset
EMD2
EMD[1:0]
EALE[1:0]
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
SFR Address = 0xB2; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
7:5
4
Name
Unused
EMD2
Function
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care.
EMIF Multiplex Mode Select Bit.
0: EMIF operates in multiplexed address/data mode
1: EMIF operates in non-multiplexed mode (separate address and data pins)
3:2 EMD[1:0] EMIF Operating Mode Select Bits.
00: Internal Only: MOVX accesses on-chip XRAM only. All effective addresses alias to
on-chip memory space
01: Split Mode without Bank Select: Accesses below the 4 kB boundary are directed
on-chip. Accesses above the 4 kB boundary are directed off-chip. 8-bit off-chip MOVX
operations use current contents of the Address high port latches to resolve the upper
address byte. To access off chip space, EMI0CN must be set to a page that is not con-
tained in the on-chip address space.
10: Split Mode with Bank Select: Accesses below the 4 kB boundary are directed on-
chip. Accesses above the 4 kB boundary are directed off-chip. 8-bit off-chip MOVX
operations uses the contents of EMI0CN to determine the high-byte of the address.
11: External Only: MOVX accesses off-chip XRAM only. On-chip XRAM is not visible to
the CPU.
1:0 EALE[1:0] ALE Pulse-Width Select Bits.
These bits only have an effect when EMD2 = 0.
00: ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
01: ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
10: ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
11: ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 4 SYSCLK cycles.
152
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
18.4. Multiplexed and Non-multiplexed Selection
The External Memory Interface is capable of acting in a Multiplexed mode or a Non-multiplexed mode,
depending on the state of the EMD2 (EMI0CF.4) bit.
18.4.1. Multiplexed Configuration
In Multiplexed mode, the Data Bus and the lower 8-bits of the Address Bus share the same Port pins:
AD[7:0]. In this mode, an external latch (74HC373 or equivalent logic gate) is used to hold the lower 8-bits
of the RAM address. The external latch is controlled by the ALE (Address Latch Enable) signal, which is
driven by the External Memory Interface logic. An example of a Multiplexed Configuration is shown in
Figure 18.1.
In Multiplexed mode, the external MOVX operation can be broken into two phases delineated by the state
of the ALE signal. During the first phase, ALE is high and the lower 8-bits of the Address Bus are pre-
sented to AD[7:0]. During this phase, the address latch is configured such that the Q outputs reflect the
states of the ‘D’ inputs. When ALE falls, signaling the beginning of the second phase, the address latch
outputs remain fixed and are no longer dependent on the latch inputs. Later in the second phase, the Data
Bus controls the state of the AD[7:0] port at the time RD or WR is asserted.
See Section “18.6.2. Multiplexed Mode” on page 161 for more information.
A[15:8]
ADDRESS BUS
74HC373
A[15:8]
A[7:0]
ALE
G
E
M
I
AD[7:0]
ADDRESS/DATA BUS
VDD
D
Q
64 K X 8
SRAM
(Optional)
8
I/O[7:0]
F
CE
WE
OE
/WR
/RD
Figure 18.1. Multiplexed Configuration Example
Rev. 1.1
153
C8051F50x-F51x
18.4.2. Non-multiplexed Configuration
In Non-multiplexed mode, the Data Bus and the Address Bus pins are not shared. An example of a Non-
multiplexed Configuration is shown in Figure 18.2. See Section “18.6.1. Non-Multiplexed Mode” on
page 158 for more information about Non-multiplexed operation.
A[15:0]
ADDRESS BUS
A[15:0]
E
M
I
VDD
(Optional)
64 K X 8
SRAM
I/O[7:0]
8
D[7:0]
DATA BUS
CE
WE
OE
F
/WR
/RD
Figure 18.2. Non-multiplexed Configuration Example
154
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
18.5. Memory Mode Selection
The external data memory space can be configured in one of four modes, shown in Figure 18.3, based on
the EMIF Mode bits in the EMI0CF register (SFR Definition 18.2). These modes are summarized below.
More information about the different modes can be found in Section “18.6. Timing” on page 156.
EMI0CF[3:2] = 00
EMI0CF[3:2] = 01
EMI0CF[3:2] = 10
EMI0CF[3:2] = 11
0xFFFF
0xFFFF
0xFFFF
0xFFFF
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
Off-Chip
Memory
(No Bank Select)
Off-Chip
Memory
(Bank Select)
Off-Chip
Memory
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
0x0000
0x0000
0x0000
0x0000
Figure 18.3. EMIF Operating Modes
18.5.1. Internal XRAM Only
When bits EMI0CF[3:2] are set to 00, all MOVX instructions will target the internal XRAM space on the
device. Memory accesses to addresses beyond the populated space will wrap on 4 kB boundaries. As an
example, the addresses 0x1000 and 0x2000 both evaluate to address 0x0000 in on-chip XRAM space.
8-bit MOVX operations use the contents of EMI0CN to determine the high-byte of the effective address
and R0 or R1 to determine the low-byte of the effective address.
16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of the 16-bit DPTR to determine the effective address.
18.5.2. Split Mode without Bank Select
When bit EMI0CF.[3:2] are set to 01, the XRAM memory map is split into two areas, on-chip space and off-
chip space.
Effective addresses below the internal XRAM size boundary will access on-chip XRAM space.
Effective addresses above the internal XRAM size boundary will access off-chip space.
8-bit MOVX operations use the contents of EMI0CN to determine whether the memory access is on-
chip or off-chip. However, in the “No Bank Select” mode, an 8-bit MOVX operation will not drive the
upper 8-bits A[15:8] of the Address Bus during an off-chip access. This allows the user to manipulate
the upper address bits at will by setting the Port state directly via the port latches. This behavior is in
contrast with “Split Mode with Bank Select” described below. The lower 8-bits of the Address Bus A[7:0]
are driven, determined by R0 or R1.
16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of DPTR to determine whether the memory access is on-chip
or off-chip, and unlike 8-bit MOVX operations, the full 16-bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are driven
during the off-chip transaction.
Rev. 1.1
155
C8051F50x-F51x
18.5.3. Split Mode with Bank Select
When EMI0CF[3:2] are set to 10, the XRAM memory map is split into two areas, on-chip space and off-
chip space.
Effective addresses below the internal XRAM size boundary will access on-chip XRAM space.
Effective addresses above the internal XRAM size boundary will access off-chip space.
8-bit MOVX operations use the contents of EMI0CN to determine whether the memory access is on-
chip or off-chip. The upper 8-bits of the Address Bus A[15:8] are determined by EMI0CN, and the lower
8-bits of the Address Bus A[7:0] are determined by R0 or R1. All 16-bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are
driven in “Bank Select” mode.
16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of DPTR to determine whether the memory access is on-chip
or off-chip, and the full 16-bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are driven during the off-chip transaction.
18.5.4. External Only
When EMI0CF[3:2] are set to 11, all MOVX operations are directed to off-chip space. On-chip XRAM is not
visible to the CPU. This mode is useful for accessing off-chip memory located between 0x0000 and the
internal XRAM size boundary.
8-bit MOVX operations ignore the contents of EMI0CN. The upper Address bits A[15:8] are not driven
(identical behavior to an off-chip access in “Split Mode without Bank Select” described above). This
allows the user to manipulate the upper address bits at will by setting the Port state directly. The lower
8-bits of the effective address A[7:0] are determined by the contents of R0 or R1.
16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of DPTR to determine the effective address A[15:0]. The full
16-bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are driven during the off-chip transaction.
18.6. Timing
The timing parameters of the External Memory Interface can be configured to enable connection to
devices having different setup and hold time requirements. The Address Setup time, Address Hold time,
RD and WR strobe widths, and in multiplexed mode, the width of the ALE pulse are all programmable in
units of SYSCLK periods through EMI0TC, shown in SFR Definition 18.3, and EMI0CF[1:0].
The timing for an off-chip MOVX instruction can be calculated by adding 4 SYSCLK cycles to the timing
parameters defined by the EMI0TC register. Assuming non-multiplexed operation, the minimum execution
time for an off-chip XRAM operation is 5 SYSCLK cycles (1 SYSCLK for RD or WR pulse + 4 SYSCLKs).
For multiplexed operations, the Address Latch Enable signal will require a minimum of 2 additional SYS-
CLK cycles. Therefore, the minimum execution time for an off-chip XRAM operation in multiplexed mode is
7 SYSCLK cycles (2 for /ALE + 1 for RD or WR + 4). The programmable setup and hold times default to
the maximum delay settings after a reset. Table 18.3 lists the ac parameters for the External Memory Inter-
face, and Figure 18.4 through Figure 18.9 show the timing diagrams for the different External Memory
Interface modes and MOVX operations.
156
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 18.3. EMI0TC: External Memory Timing Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EAS[1:0]
R/W
EWR[3:0]
R/W
EAH[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xAA; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:6
EAS[1:0] EMIF Address Setup Time Bits.
00: Address setup time = 0 SYSCLK cycles.
01: Address setup time = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
10: Address setup time = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
11: Address setup time = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
5:2 EWR[3:0] EMIF WR and RD Pulse-Width Control Bits.
0000: WR and RD pulse width = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
0001: WR and RD pulse width = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
0010: WR and RD pulse width = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
0011: WR and RD pulse width = 4 SYSCLK cycles.
0100: WR and RD pulse width = 5 SYSCLK cycles.
0101: WR and RD pulse width = 6 SYSCLK cycles.
0110: WR and RD pulse width = 7 SYSCLK cycles.
0111: WR and RD pulse width = 8 SYSCLK cycles.
1000: WR and RD pulse width = 9 SYSCLK cycles.
1001: WR and RD pulse width = 10 SYSCLK cycles.
1010: WR and RD pulse width = 11 SYSCLK cycles.
1011: WR and RD pulse width = 12 SYSCLK cycles.
1100: WR and RD pulse width = 13 SYSCLK cycles.
1101: WR and RD pulse width = 14 SYSCLK cycles.
1110: WR and RD pulse width = 15 SYSCLK cycles.
1111: WR and RD pulse width = 16 SYSCLK cycles.
1:0
EAH[1:0] EMIF Address Hold Time Bits.
00: Address hold time = 0 SYSCLK cycles.
01: Address hold time = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
10: Address hold time = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
11: Address hold time = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
Rev. 1.1
157
C8051F50x-F51x
18.6.1. Non-Multiplexed Mode
18.6.1.1. 16-bit MOVX: EMI0CF[4:2] = 101, 110, or 111
Nonmuxed 16-bit WRITE
ADDR[15:8]
ADDR[7:0]
DATA[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from DPH
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from DPL
EMIF WRITE DATA
T
T
WDS
WDH
T
T
T
ACS
ACW
ACH
/WR
/RD
Nonmuxed 16-bit READ
ADDR[15:8]
ADDR[7:0]
DATA[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from DPH
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from DPL
EMIF READ DATA
T
T
RDS
RDH
T
T
T
ACS
ACW
ACH
/RD
/WR
Figure 18.4. Non-multiplexed 16-bit MOVX Timing
158
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
18.6.1.2. 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 101 or 111
Nonmuxed 8-bit WRITE without Bank Select
ADDR[15:8]
ADDR[7:0]
DATA[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
EMIF WRITE DATA
T
T
WDS
WDH
T
T
T
ACS
ACW
ACH
/WR
/RD
Nonmuxed 8-bit READ without Bank Select
ADDR[15:8]
ADDR[7:0]
DATA[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
EMIF READ DATA
T
T
RDS
RDH
T
T
T
ACS
ACW
ACH
/RD
/WR
Figure 18.5. Non-multiplexed 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select Timing
Rev. 1.1
159
C8051F50x-F51x
18.6.1.3. 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 110
Nonmuxed 8-bit WRITE with Bank Select
ADDR[15:8]
ADDR[7:0]
DATA[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from EMI0CN
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
EMIF WRITE DATA
T
T
WDS
WDH
T
T
T
ACS
ACW
ACH
/WR
/RD
Nonmuxed 8-bit READ with Bank Select
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from EMI0CN
ADDR[15:8]
ADDR[7:0]
DATA[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
EMIF READ DATA
T
T
RDS
RDH
T
T
T
ACS
ACW
ACH
/RD
/WR
Figure 18.6. Non-multiplexed 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select Timing
160
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
18.6.2. Multiplexed Mode
18.6.2.1. 16-bit MOVX: EMI0CF[4:2] = 001, 010, or 011
Muxed 16-bit WRITE
ADDR[15:8]
AD[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from DPH
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from
DPL
EMIF WRITE DATA
T
T
ALEL
ALEH
ALE
T
T
WDH
WDS
T
T
T
ACH
ACS
ACW
/WR
/RD
Muxed 16-bit READ
ADDR[15:8]
AD[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from DPH
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from
DPL
EMIF READ DATA
T
T
ALEL
ALEH
T
T
RDH
RDS
ALE
T
T
T
ACH
ACS
ACW
/RD
/WR
Figure 18.7. Multiplexed 16-bit MOVX Timing
Rev. 1.1
161
C8051F50x-F51x
18.6.2.2. 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 001 or 011
Muxed 8-bit WRITE Without Bank Select
ADDR[15:8]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from
AD[7:0]
EMIF WRITE DATA
R0 or R1
T
T
ALEL
ALEH
ALE
T
T
WDH
WDS
T
T
T
ACH
ACS
ACW
/WR
/RD
Muxed 8-bit READ Without Bank Select
ADDR[15:8]
AD[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from
R0 or R1
EMIF READ DATA
T
T
ALEL
ALEH
T
T
RDH
RDS
ALE
T
T
T
ACH
ACS
ACW
/RD
/WR
Figure 18.8. Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select Timing
162
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
18.6.2.3. 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select: EMI0CF[4:2] = 010
Muxed 8-bit WRITE with Bank Select
ADDR[15:8]
AD[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from EMI0CN
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from
R0 or R1
EMIF WRITE DATA
T
T
ALEL
ALEH
ALE
T
T
WDH
WDS
T
T
T
ACH
ACS
ACW
/WR
/RD
Muxed 8-bit READ with Bank Select
EMIF ADDRESS (8 MSBs) from EMI0CN
ADDR[15:8]
AD[7:0]
EMIF ADDRESS (8 LSBs) from
R0 or R1
EMIF READ DATA
T
T
ALEL
ALEH
T
T
RDH
RDS
ALE
T
T
T
ACH
ACS
ACW
/RD
/WR
Figure 18.9. Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select Timing
Rev. 1.1
163
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 18.3. AC Parameters for External Memory Interface
Parameter
Description
Min*
Max*
Units
Address/Control Setup Time
0
3 x TSYSCLK
ns
T
ACS
Address/Control Pulse Width
Address/Control Hold Time
Address Latch Enable High Time
Address Latch Enable Low Time
Write Data Setup Time
1 x TSYSCLK
16 x TSYSCLK
3 x TSYSCLK
4 x TSYSCLK
4 x TSYSCLK
19 x TSYSCLK
3 x TSYSCLK
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
T
ACW
0
T
ACH
1 x TSYSCLK
T
ALEH
1 x TSYSCLK
T
ALEL
1 x TSYSCLK
T
WDS
Write Data Hold Time
0
20
0
T
WDH
Read Data Setup Time
T
T
RDS
Read Data Hold Time
RDH
*Note: TSYSCLK is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK).
164
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
19. Oscillators and Clock Selection
C8051F50x-F51x devices include a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator, an external oscillator
drive circuit, and a clock multiplier. The internal oscillator can be enabled/disabled and calibrated using the
OSCICN, OSCICRS, and OSCIFIN registers, as shown in Figure 19.1. The system clock can be sourced
by the external oscillator circuit or the internal oscillator. The clock multiplier can produce three possible
base outputs which can be scaled by a programmable factor of 1, 2/3, 2/4 (or 1/2), 2/5, 2/6 (or 1/3), or 2/7:
Internal Oscillator x 2, Internal Oscillator x 4, External Oscillator x 2, or External Oscillator x 4.
OSCICRS
OSCIFIN
OSCICN
CLKSEL
Option 3
XTAL2
CAL
EN
IOSC
n
Programmable Internal
Clock Generator
Option 4
XTAL2
CLOCK MULTIPLIER
IOSC/2
EXOSC
EXOSC/2
IOSC
SYSCLK
Option 2
VDD
x4
n
Option 1
XTAL1
XTAL2
XTAL2
Input
OSC
10M
Circuit
EXOSC
OSCXCN
CLKMUL
Figure 19.1. Oscillator Options
19.1. System Clock Selection
The CLKSL[1:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the system clock.
CLKSL[1:0] must be set to 01b for the system clock to run from the external oscillator; however the exter-
nal oscillator may still clock certain peripherals (timers, PCA) when the internal oscillator is selected as the
system clock. The system clock may be switched on-the-fly between the internal oscillator, external oscilla-
tor, and Clock Multiplier so long as the selected clock source is enabled and has settled.
The internal oscillator requires little start-up time and may be selected as the system clock immediately fol-
lowing the register write which enables the oscillator. The external RC and C modes also typically require
no startup time.
External crystals and ceramic resonators however, typically require a start-up time before they are settled
and ready for use. The Crystal Valid Flag (XTLVLD in register OSCXCN) is set to 1 by hardware when the
external crystal or ceramic resonator is settled. In crystal mode, to avoid reading a false XTLVLD, soft-
ware should delay at least 1 ms between enabling the external oscillator and checking XTLVLD.
Rev. 1.1
165
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 19.1. CLKSEL: Clock Select
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CLKSL[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8F; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
Function
7:2
Unused
Read = 000000b; Write = Don’t Care
1:0 CLKSL[1:0] System Clock Source Select Bits.
00: SYSCLK derived from the Internal Oscillator and scaled per the IFCN bits in reg-
ister OSCICN.
01: SYSCLK derived from the External Oscillator circuit.
10: SYSCLK derived from the Clock Multiplier.
11: reserved.
Important Note: If the selected system clock is greater than 25 MHz, please be aware of the following:
Flash Scale Timing must be configured for the faster system clock. See SFR Definition 15.3 for more
details.
VDD and VDDA voltage must be 2 V or higher.
It is recommended to enable the VDD monitor as a reset source and configure it for the high threshold.
See SFR Definition 17.1 for details on configuring the VDD monitor. If the VDD monitor is configured to
the high threshold, the VDD and VDDA voltage must be greater than the VDD monitor high threshold.
See Table 5.4 for VDD monitor threshold specifications.
166
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
19.2. Programmable Internal Oscillator
All C8051F50x-F51x devices include a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator that defaults as
the system clock after a system reset. The internal oscillator period can be adjusted via the OSCICRS and
OSCIFIN registers defined in SFR Definition 19.3 and SFR Definition 19.4. On C8051F50x-F51x devices,
OSCICRS and OSCIFIN are factory calibrated to obtain a 24 MHz base frequency. Note that the system
clock may be derived from the programmed internal oscillator divided by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128, as
defined by the IFCN bits in register OSCICN. The divide value defaults to 128 following a reset.
19.2.1. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode
When software writes a logic 1 to SUSPEND (OSCICN.5), the internal oscillator is suspended. If the sys-
tem clock is derived from the internal oscillator, the input clock to the peripheral or CIP-51 will be stopped
until one of the following events occur:
Port 0 Match Event.
Port 1 Match Event.
Comparator 0 enabled and output is logic 0.
When one of the oscillator awakening events occur, the internal oscillator, CIP-51, and affected peripherals
resume normal operation, regardless of whether the event also causes an interrupt. The CPU resumes
execution at the instruction following the write to SUSPEND.
Rev. 1.1
167
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 19.2. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IOSCEN[1:0]
R/W R/W
SUSPEND
IFRDY
Reserved
IFCN[2:0]
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R
1
R
0
R/W
0
1
1
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA1; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit Name
Function
7:6 IOSCEN[1:0] Internal Oscillator Enable Bits.
00: Oscillator Disabled.
01: Reserved.
10: Reserved.
11: Oscillator enabled in normal mode and disabled in suspend mode.
5
4
SUSPEND Internal Oscillator Suspend Enable Bit.
Setting this bit to logic 1 places the internal oscillator in SUSPEND mode. The inter-
nal oscillator resumes operation when one of the SUSPEND mode awakening
events occurs.
IFRDY
Internal Oscillator Frequency Ready Flag.
0: Internal oscillator is not running at programmed frequency.
1: Internal oscillator is running at programmed frequency.
3
Reserved Read = 0b; Must Write = 0b.
2:0
IFCN[2:0] Internal Oscillator Frequency Divider Control Bits.
000: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 128.
001: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 64.
010: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 32.
011: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 16.
100: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 8.
101: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 4.
110: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 2.
111: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 1.
168
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 19.3. OSCICRS: Internal Oscillator Coarse Calibration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OSCICRS[6:0]
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R/W
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
SFR Address = 0xA2; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
Function
7
Unused
Read = 0; Write = Don’t Care
6:0 OSCICRS[6:0] Internal Oscillator Coarse Calibration Bits.
These bits determine the internal oscillator period. When set to 0000000b, the
internal oscillator operates at its slowest setting. When set to 1111111b, the inter-
nal oscillator operates at its fastest setting. The reset value is factory calibrated
to generate an internal oscillator frequency of 24 MHz.
SFR Definition 19.4. OSCIFIN: Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OSCIFIN[5:0]
R/W
R
0
R
0
Type
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Reset
SFR Address = 0x9E; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
Function
7:6
Unused
Read = 00b; Write = Don’t Care
5:0 OSCIFIN[5:0] Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration Bits.
These bits are fine adjustment for the internal oscillator period. The reset value is
factory calibrated to generate an internal oscillator frequency of 24 MHz.
Rev. 1.1
169
C8051F50x-F51x
19.3. Clock Multiplier
The Clock Multiplier generates an output clock which is 4 times the input clock frequency scaled by a pro-
grammable factor of 1, 2/3, 2/4 (or 1/2), 2/5, 2/6 (or 1/3), or 2/7. The Clock Multiplier’s input can be
selected from the external oscillator, or the internal or external oscillators divided by 2. This produces three
possible base outputs which can be scaled by a programmable factor: Internal Oscillator x 2, External
Oscillator x 2, or External Oscillator x 4. See Section 19.1 on page 165 for details on system clock selec-
tion.
The Clock Multiplier is configured via the CLKMUL register (SFR Definition 19.5). The procedure for con-
figuring and enabling the Clock Multiplier is as follows:
1. Reset the Multiplier by writing 0x00 to register CLKMUL.
2. Select the Multiplier input source via the MULSEL bits.
3. Select the Multiplier output scaling factor via the MULDIV bits
4. Enable the Multiplier with the MULEN bit (CLKMUL | = 0x80).
5. Delay for >5 µs.
6. Initialize the Multiplier with the MULINIT bit (CLKMUL | = 0xC0).
7. Poll for MULRDY => 1.
Important Note: When using an external oscillator as the input to the Clock Multiplier, the external source
must be enabled and stable before the Multiplier is initialized. See “19.4. External Oscillator Drive Circuit”
on page 172 for details on selecting an external oscillator source.
The Clock Multiplier allows faster operation of the CIP-51 core and is intended to generate an output fre-
quency between 25 and 50 MHz. The clock multiplier can also be used with slow input clocks. However, if
the clock is below the minimum Clock Multiplier input frequency (FCMmin), the generated clock will consist
of four fast pulses followed by a long delay until the next input clock rising edge. The average frequency of
the output is equal to 4x the input, but the instantaneous frequency may be faster. See Figure 19.2 below
for more information.
if FCM >= FCM
min
in
FCM
in
FCM
out
if FCM < FCM
in
min
FCM
in
FCM
out
Figure 19.2. Example Clock Multiplier Output
170
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 19.5. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MULEN
MULINIT MULRDY
MULDIV[2:0]
MULSEL[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x97; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
Function
7
MULEN
Clock Multiplier Enable.
0: Clock Multiplier disabled.
1: Clock Multiplier enabled.
6
5
MULINIT
MULRDY
Clock Multiplier Initialize.
This bit is 0 when the Clock Multiplier is enabled. Once enabled, writing a 1 to this
bit will initialize the Clock Multiplier. The MULRDY bit reads 1 when the Clock Mul-
tiplier is stabilized.
Clock Multiplier Ready.
0: Clock Multiplier is not ready.
1: Clock Multiplier is ready (PLL is locked).
4:2 MULDIV[2:0] Clock Multiplier Output Scaling Factor.
000: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 1.
001: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 1.
010: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 1.
011: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/3*.
100: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/4 (1/2).
101: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/5*.
110: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/6 (1/3).
111: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/7*.
*Note: The Clock Multiplier output duty cycle is not 50% for these settings.
1:0 MULSEL[1:0] Clock Multiplier Input Select.
These bits select the clock supplied to the Clock Multiplier
Clock Multiplier Output
MULSEL[1:0]
Selected Input Clock
for MULDIV[2:0] = 000b
Internal Oscillator x 2
00
01
10
11
Internal Oscillator
External Oscillator
Internal Oscillator
External Oscillator
External Oscillator x 2
Internal Oscillator x 4
External Oscillator x 4
Notes:The maximum system clock is 50 MHz, and so the Clock Multiplier output should be scaled accordingly.
If Internal Oscillator x 2 or External Oscillator x 2 is selected using the MULSEL bits, MULDIV[2:0] is ignored.
Rev. 1.1
171
C8051F50x-F51x
19.4. External Oscillator Drive Circuit
The external oscillator circuit may drive an external crystal, ceramic resonator, capacitor, or RC network. A
CMOS clock may also provide a clock input. For a crystal or ceramic resonator configuration, the crys-
tal/resonator must be wired across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins as shown in Option 1 of Figure 19.1. A
10 Mresistor also must be wired across the XTAL2 and XTAL1 pins for the crystal/resonator configura-
tion. In RC, capacitor, or CMOS clock configuration, the clock source should be wired to the XTAL2 pin as
shown in Option 2, 3, or 4 of Figure 19.1. The type of external oscillator must be selected in the OSCXCN
register, and the frequency control bits (XFCN) must be selected appropriately (see SFR Definition 19.6).
Important Note on External Oscillator Usage: Port pins must be configured when using the external
oscillator circuit. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in crystal/resonator mode, Port pins
P0.2 and P0.3 are used as XTAL1 and XTAL2 respectively. When the external oscillator drive circuit is
enabled in capacitor, RC, or CMOS clock mode, Port pin P0.3 is used as XTAL2. The Port I/O Crossbar
should be configured to skip the Port pins used by the oscillator circuit; see Section “20.3. Priority Crossbar
Decoder” on page 180 for Crossbar configuration. Additionally, when using the external oscillator circuit in
crystal/resonator, capacitor, or RC mode, the associated Port pins should be configured as analog inputs.
In CMOS clock mode, the associated pin should be configured as a digital input. See Section “20.4. Port
I/O Initialization” on page 182 for details on Port input mode selection.
172
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 19.6. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
XTLVLD
XOSCMD[2:0]
XFCN[2:0]
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x9F; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
Function
7
XTLVLD
Crystal Oscillator Valid Flag.
(Read only when XOSCMD = 11x.)
0: Crystal Oscillator is unused or not yet stable.
1: Crystal Oscillator is running and stable.
6:4 XOSCMD[2:0] External Oscillator Mode Select.
00x: External Oscillator circuit off.
010: External CMOS Clock Mode.
011: External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2 stage.
100: RC Oscillator Mode.
101: Capacitor Oscillator Mode.
110: Crystal Oscillator Mode.
111: Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage.
3
Unused
Read = 0b; Write =0b
2:0
XFCN[2:0]
External Oscillator Frequency Control Bits.
Set according to the desired frequency for Crystal or RC mode.
Set according to the desired K Factor for C mode.
XFCN Crystal Mode
RC Mode
C Mode
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
f 32 kHz
f 25 kHz
K Factor = 0.87
K Factor = 2.6
K Factor = 7.7
32 kHz f 84 kHz
84 kHz f 225 kHz
25 kHz f 50 kHz
50 kHz f 100 kHz
225 kHz f 590 kHz 100 kHz f 200 kHz K Factor = 22
590 kHz f 1.5 MHz 200 kHz f 400 kHz K Factor = 65
1.5 MHz f 4 MHz
4 MHz f 10 MHz
400 kHz f 800 kHz K Factor = 180
800 kHz f 1.6 MHz K Factor = 664
10 MHz f 30 MHz 1.6 MHz f 3.2 MHz K Factor = 1590
Rev. 1.1
173
C8051F50x-F51x
19.4.1. External Crystal Example
If a crystal or ceramic resonator is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be
configured as shown in Figure 19.1, Option 1. The External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN)
should be chosen from the Crystal column of the table in SFR Definition 19.6 (OSCXCN register). For
example, an 11.0592 MHz crystal requires an XFCN setting of 111b and a 32.768 kHz Watch Crystal
requires an XFCN setting of 001b. After an external 32.768 kHz oscillator is stabilized, the XFCN setting
can be switched to 000 to save power. It is recommended to enable the missing clock detector before
switching the system clock to any external oscillator source.
When the crystal oscillator is first enabled, the oscillator amplitude detection circuit requires a settling time
to achieve proper bias. Introducing a delay of 1 ms between enabling the oscillator and checking the
XTLVLD bit will prevent a premature switch to the external oscillator as the system clock. Switching to the
external oscillator before the crystal oscillator has stabilized can result in unpredictable behavior. The rec-
ommended procedure is:
1. Force XTAL1 and XTAL2 to a high state. This involves enabling the Crossbar and writing 1 to the port
pins associated with XTAL1 and XTAL2.
2. Configure XTAL1 and XTAL2 as analog inputs using.
3. Enable the external oscillator.
4. Wait at least 1 ms.
5. Poll for XTLVLD => 1.
6. Enable the Missing Clock Detector.
7. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator.
Important Note on External Crystals: Crystal oscillator circuits are quite sensitive to PCB layout. The
crystal should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL pins on the device. The traces should be as
short as possible and shielded with ground plane from any other traces which could introduce noise or
interference.
The capacitors shown in the external crystal configuration provide the load capacitance required by the
crystal for correct oscillation. These capacitors are "in series" as seen by the crystal and "in parallel" with
the stray capacitance of the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
Note: The desired load capacitance depends upon the crystal and the manufacturer. Refer to the crystal
data sheet when completing these calculations.
For example, a tuning-fork crystal of 32.768 kHz with a recommended load capacitance of 12.5 pF should
use the configuration shown in Figure 19.1, Option 1. The total value of the capacitors and the stray capac-
itance of the XTAL pins should equal 25 pF. With a stray capacitance of 3 pF per pin, the 22 pF capacitors
yield an equivalent capacitance of 12.5 pF across the crystal, as shown in Figure 19.3.
174
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
XTAL1
XTAL2
10M
32.768 kHz
22pF*
22pF*
* Capacitor values depend on
crystal specifications
Figure 19.3. External 32.768 kHz Quartz Crystal Oscillator Connection Diagram
19.4.2. External RC Example
If an RC network is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as
shown in Figure 19.1, Option 2. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small
capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To deter-
mine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, first
select the RC network value to produce the desired frequency of oscillation, according to Equation , where
f = the frequency of oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and R = the pull-up resistor value in
k.
f = 1.23 103 R C
Equation 19.1. RC Mode Oscillator Frequency
For example: If the frequency desired is 100 kHz, let R = 246 k and C = 50 pF:
f = 1.23(103)/RC = 1.23(103)/[246 x 50] = 0.1 MHz = 100 kHz
Referring to the table in SFR Definition 19.6, the required XFCN setting is 010b.
19.4.3. External Capacitor Example
If a capacitor is used as an external oscillator for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in
Figure 19.1, Option 3. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small capacitors,
the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the
required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, select the capaci-
tor to be used and find the frequency of oscillation according to Equation 19.2, where f = the frequency of
oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and VDD = the MCU power supply in Volts.
Rev. 1.1
175
C8051F50x-F51x
Equation 19.2. C Mode Oscillator Frequency
f = KF R VDD
For example: Assume VDD = 2.1 V and f = 75 kHz:
f = KF / (C x VDD)
0.075 MHz = KF / (C x 2.1)
Since the frequency of roughly 75 kHz is desired, select the K Factor from the table in SFR Definition 19.6
(OSCXCN) as KF = 7.7:
0.075 MHz = 7.7 / (C x 2.1)
C x 2.1 = 7.7 / 0.075 MHz
C = 102.6 / 2.0 pF = 51.3 pF
Therefore, the XFCN value to use in this example is 010b.
176
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
20. Port Input/Output
Digital and analog resources are available through 40 (C8051F500/1/4/5), 33 (C8051F508/9-F510/1) or 25
(C8051F502/3/6/7) I/O pins. Port pins P0.0-P4.7 on the C8051F500/1/4/5, port pins P0.0-P4.0 on
theC8051F508/9-F510/1, and port pins P0.0-P3.0 on the C8051F502/3/6/7 can be defined as general-pur-
pose I/O (GPIO), assigned to one of the internal digital resources, or assigned to an analog function as
shown in Figure 20.3. Port pin P4.0 on the C8051F508/9-F510/1 can be used as GPIO and is shared with
the C2 Interface Data signal (C2D). Similarly, port pin P3.0 is shared with C2D on the C8051F502/3/6/7.
The designer has complete control over which functions are assigned, limited only by the number of phys-
ical I/O pins. This resource assignment flexibility is achieved through the use of a Priority Crossbar
Decoder. Note that the state of a Port I/O pin can always be read in the corresponding Port latch, regard-
less of the Crossbar settings.
The Crossbar assigns the selected internal digital resources to the I/O pins based on the Priority Decoder
(Figure 20.3 and Figure 20.4). The registers XBR0, XBR1, XBR2 are defined in SFR Definition 20.1 and
SFR Definition 20.2 and are used to select internal digital functions.
All Port I/Os are 5 V tolerant (refer to Figure 20.2 for the Port cell circuit). The Port I/O cells are configured
as either push-pull or open-drain in the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT, where n = 0,1). Complete
Electrical Specifications for Port I/O are given in Table 5.3 on page 45.
XBR0, XBR1,
XBR2, PnSKIP
PnMDOUT,
PnDMIN Registers
External
Pins
Priority
Decoder
2
2
4
2
P0.0
Highest
Priority
P0
I/O
Cells
UART0
CAN0
8
8
8
8
8
Highest
Priority
P0.7
Digital
Crossbar
SPI0
P1.0
P1.7
P1
I/O
Cells
SMBus0
2
2
CP0
P2.0
P2.7
P2
I/O
Cells
CP1
/SYSCLK
7
4
PCA0
P3.0
P3.7
P3
I/O
Cells
T0, T1,
/INT0,
/INT1
Lowest
Priority
2
LIN0
P4.0
P4.7
P4
I/O
Cells
Lowest
Priority
8 x 5
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
Port
Latches
(Px.0-Px.7)
8 x 5
PnMASK
PnMATCH
Registers
Figure 20.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
177
C8051F50x-F51x
20.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation
Port pins P0.0–P4.7 use the Port I/O cell shown in Figure 20.2. Each Port I/O cell can be configured by
software for analog I/O or digital I/O using the PnMDIN registers. On reset, all Port I/O cells default to a
high impedance state with weak pull-ups enabled until the Crossbar is enabled (XBARE = 1).
20.1.1. Port Pins Configured for Analog I/O
Any pins to be used as Comparator or ADC inputs, external oscillator inputs, or VREF should be config-
ured for analog I/O (PnMDIN.n = 0). When a pin is configured for analog I/O, its weak pullup, digital driver,
and digital receiver are disabled. Port pins configured for analog I/O will always read back a value of 0.
Configuring pins as analog I/O saves power and isolates the Port pin from digital interference. Port pins
configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however, this practice is not recom-
mended and may result in measurement errors.
20.1.2. Port Pins Configured For Digital I/O
Any pins to be used by digital peripherals (UART, SPI, SMBus, etc.), external digital event capture func-
tions, or as GPIO should be configured as digital I/O (PnMDIN.n = 1). For digital I/O pins, one of two output
modes (push-pull or open-drain) must be selected using the PnMDOUT registers.
Push-pull outputs (PnMDOUT.n = 1) drive the Port pad to the VIO or GND supply rails based on the output
logic value of the Port pin. Open-drain outputs have the high side driver disabled; therefore, they only drive
the Port pad to GND when the output logic value is 0 and become high impedance inputs (both high low
drivers turned off) when the output logic value is 1.
When a digital I/O cell is placed in the high impedance state, a weak pull-up transistor pulls the Port pad to
the VIO supply voltage to ensure the digital input is at a defined logic state. Weak pull-ups are disabled
when the I/O cell is driven to GND to minimize power consumption and may be globally disabled by setting
WEAKPUD to 1. The user should ensure that digital I/O are always internally or externally pulled or driven
to a valid logic state to minimize power consumption. Port pins configured for digital I/O always read back
the logic state of the Port pad, regardless of the output logic value of the Port pin.
WEAKPUD
(Weak Pull-Up Disable)
PxMDOUT.x
(1 for push-pull)
(0 for open-drain)
VIO
VIO
XBARE
(Crossbar
Enable)
(WEAK)
PORT
PAD
Px.x – Output
Logic Value
(Port Latch or
Crossbar)
PxMDIN.x
(1 for digital)
(0 for analog)
GND
To/From Analog
Peripheral
Px.x – Input Logic Value
(Reads 0 when pin is configured as an analog I/O)
Figure 20.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram
178
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
20.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O in a Multi-Voltage System
All Port I/O are capable of interfacing to digital logic operating at a supply voltage higher than VDD and
less than 5.25 V. Connect the VIO pin to the voltage source of the interface logic.
20.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog and Digital Functions
Port I/O pins P0.0–P3.7 can be assigned to various analog, digital, and external interrupt functions. P4.0-
P4.7 can be assigned to only digital functions. The Port pins assigned to analog functions should be con-
figured for analog I/O, and Port pins assigned to digital or external interrupt functions should be configured
for digital I/O.
20.2.1. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog Functions
Table 20.1 shows all available analog functions that require Port I/O assignments. Port pins selected for
these analog functions should have their corresponding bit in PnSKIP set to 1. This reserves the pin
for use by the analog function and does not allow it to be claimed by the Crossbar. Table 20.1 shows the
potential mapping of Port I/O to each analog function.
Table 20.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions
Analog Function
PotentiallyAssignable
Port Pins
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
ADC Input
P0.0–P3.7*
P0.0–P2.7
ADC0MX, PnSKIP
Comparator0 or Compartor1 Input
CPT0MX, CPT1MX,
PnSKIP
Voltage Reference (VREF0)
P0.0
P0.2
P0.3
REF0CN, PnSKIP
OSCXCN, PnSKIP
OSCXCN, PnSKIP
External Oscillator in Crystal Mode (XTAL1)
External Oscillator in RC, C, or Crystal Mode (XTAL2)
*Note: P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages
20.2.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Digital Functions
Any Port pins not assigned to analog functions may be assigned to digital functions or used as GPIO. Most
digital functions rely on the Crossbar for pin assignment; however, some digital functions bypass the
Crossbar in a manner similar to the analog functions listed above. Port pins used by these digital func-
tions and any Port pins selected for use as GPIO should have their corresponding bit in PnSKIP set
to 1. Table 20.2 shows all available digital functions and the potential mapping of Port I/O to each digital
function.
Table 20.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions
Digital Function
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
UART0, SPI0, SMBus,
CAN0, LIN0, CP0, CP0A,
Any Port pin available for assignment by the
Crossbar. This includes P0.0–P4.7* pins which
XBR0, XBR1, XBR2
CP1, CP1A, SYSCLK, PCA0 have their PnSKIP bit set to 0.
(CEX0-5 and ECI), T0 or T1.
Note: The Crossbar will always assign UART0 pins
to P0.4 and P0.5 and always assign CAN0 to
P0.6 and P0.7.
Any pin used for GPIO
P0.0–P4.7*
P0SKIP, P1SKIP,
P2SKIP, P3SKIP
*Note: P3.1–P3.7 and P4.0 are only available on the 48-pin and 40pin packages. P4.1–P4.7 are only available on
the 48-pin package. A skip register is not available for P4.
Rev. 1.1
179
C8051F50x-F51x
20.2.3. Assigning Port I/O Pins to External Digital Event Capture Functions
External digital event capture functions can be used to trigger an interrupt or wake the device from a low
power mode when a transition occurs on a digital I/O pin. The digital event capture functions do not require
dedicated pins and will function on both GPIO pins (PnSKIP = 1) and pins in use by the Crossbar (PnSKIP
= 0). External digital event capture functions cannot be used on pins configured for analog I/O. Table 20.3
shows all available external digital event capture functions.
Table 20.3. Port I/O Assignment for External Digital Event Capture Functions
Digital Function
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
External Interrupt 0
External Interrupt 1
Port Match
P1.0–P1.7
P1.0–P1.7
P0.0–P3.7*
IT01CF
IT01CF
P0MASK, P0MAT
P1MASK, P1MAT
P2MASK, P2MAT
P3MASK, P3MAT
*Note: P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin packages.
20.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder
The Priority Crossbar Decoder (Figure 20.3) assigns a priority to each I/O function, starting at the top with
UART0. When a digital resource is selected, the least-significant unassigned Port pin is assigned to that
resource excluding UART0, which is always assigned to pins P0.4 and P0.5, and excluding CAN0 which is
always assigned to pins P0.6 and P0.7. If a Port pin is assigned, the Crossbar skips that pin when assign-
ing the next selected resource. Additionally, the Crossbar will skip Port pins whose associated bits in the
PnSKIP registers are set. The PnSKIP registers allow software to skip Port pins that are to be used for
analog input, dedicated functions, or GPIO.
Because of the nature of Priority Crossbar Decoder, not all peripherals can be located on all port pins.
Figure 20.3 maps peripherals to the potential port pins on which the peripheral I/O can appear.
Important Note on Crossbar Configuration: If a Port pin is claimed by a peripheral without use of the
Crossbar, its corresponding PnSKIP bit should be set. This applies to P0.0 if VREF is used, P0.1 if the
ADC is configured to use the external conversion start signal (CNVSTR), P0.3 and/or P0.2 if the external
oscillator circuit is enabled, and any selected ADC or Comparator inputs. The Crossbar skips selected pins
as if they were already assigned, and moves to the next unassigned pin.
180
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Port
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P3.1-P3.7, P4.0 only
available on the 48-pin available on the 48-
and 40-pin packages pin packages
P4.1-P4.7 only
Special
Function
Signals
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PIN I/O
UART_TX
UART_RX
CAN_TX
CAN_RX
SCK
MISO
MOSI
NSS
SDA
SCL
CP0
CP0A
CP1
CP1A
SYSCLK
CEX0
CEX1
CEX2
CEX3
CEX4
CEX5
ECI
T0
T1
LIN_TX
LIN_RX
Figure 20.3. Peripheral Availability on Port I/O Pins
Registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2 are used to assign the digital I/O resources to the physical I/O Port
pins. Note that when the SMBus is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the SMBus
(SDA and SCL); and similarly when the UART, CAN or LIN are selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins
associated with the peripheral (TX and RX). UART0 pin assignments are fixed for bootloading purposes:
UART TX0 is always assigned to P0.4; UART RX0 is always assigned to P0.5. CAN0 pin assignments are
fixed to P0.6 for CAN_TX and P0.7 for CAN_RX. Standard Port I/Os appear contiguously after the priori-
tized functions have been assigned.
Important Note: The SPI can be operated in either 3-wire or 4-wire modes, pending the state of the
NSSMD1–NSSMD0 bits in register SPI0CN. According to the SPI mode, the NSS signal may or may not
be routed to a Port pin.
As an example configuration, if CAN0, SPI0 in 4-wire mode, and PCA0 Modules 0, 1, and 2 are enabled on
the crossbar with P0.1, P0.2, and P0.5 skipped, the registers should be set as follows: XBR0 = 0x06
(CAN0 and SPI0 enabled), XBR1 = 0x0C (PCA0 modules 0, 1, and 2 enabled), XBR2 = 0x40 (Crossbar
enabled), and P0SKIP = 0x26 (P0.1, P0.2, and P0.5 skipped). The resulting crossbar would look as shown
in Figure 20.4.
Rev. 1.1
181
C8051F50x-F51x
Port
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P3.1-P3.7, P4.0 only
available on the 48-pin
and 40-pin packages
P4.1-P4.7 only
available on the 48-
pin packages
Special
Function
Signa ls
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PIN I/O
UART_TX
UART_RX
CAN_TX
CAN_RX
SCK
MISO
MOSI
NSS
*NSS Is only pinned out in 4-wire SPI Mode
SDA
SCL
CP0
CP0A
CP1
CP1A
SYSCLK
CEX0
CEX1
CEX2
CEX3
CEX4
CEX5
ECI
T0
T1
LIN_TX
LIN_RX
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P0SKIP[0:7]
P1SKIP[0:7]
P2SKIP[0:7]
P3SKIP[0:7]
Figure 20.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder in Example Configuration
20.4. Port I/O Initialization
Port I/O initialization consists of the following steps:
1. Select the input mode (analog or digital) for all Port pins, using the Port Input Mode register (PnMDIN).
2. Select the output mode (open-drain or push-pull) for all Port pins, using the Port Output Mode register
(PnMDOUT).
3. Select any pins to be skipped by the I/O Crossbar using the Port Skip registers (PnSKIP).
4. Assign Port pins to desired peripherals.
5. Enable the Crossbar (XBARE = 1).
All Port pins must be configured as either analog or digital inputs. Port 4 on the C8051F500/1/4/5 and
C8051F508/9-F510/1 is a digital-only Port. Any pins to be used as Comparator or ADC inputs should be
configured as an analog inputs. When a pin is configured as an analog input, its weak pullup, digital driver,
and digital receiver are disabled. This process saves power and reduces noise on the analog input. Pins
configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however this practice is not recom-
mended.
Additionally, all analog input pins should be configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (accomplished by
setting the associated bits in PnSKIP). Port input mode is set in the PnMDIN register, where a 1 indicates a
182
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
digital input, and a 0 indicates an analog input. All pins default to digital inputs on reset. See SFR Definition
20.13 for the PnMDIN register details.
The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMD-
OUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is
required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only
exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the
PnMDOUT settings. When the WEAKPUD bit in XBR2 is 0, a weak pullup is enabled for all Port I/O config-
ured as open-drain. WEAKPUD does not affect the push-pull Port I/O. Furthermore, the weak pullup is
turned off on an output that is driving a 0 to avoid unnecessary power dissipation.
Registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2 must be loaded with the appropriate values to select the digital I/O
functions required by the design. Setting the XBARE bit in XBR2 to 1 enables the Crossbar. Until the
Crossbar is enabled, the external pins remain as standard Port I/O (in input mode), regardless of the XBRn
Register settings. For given XBRn Register settings, one can determine the I/O pin-out using the Priority
Decode Table; as an alternative, the Configuration Wizard utility of the Silicon Labs IDE software will deter-
mine the Port I/O pin-assignments based on the XBRn Register settings.
The Crossbar must be enabled to use Port pins as standard Port I/O in output mode. Port output drivers
are disabled while the Crossbar is disabled.
Rev. 1.1
183
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP1AE
CP1E
CP0AE
CP0E
SMB0E
SPI0E
CAN0E
URT0E
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xE1; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
CP1AE Comparator1 Asynchronous Output Enable.
0: Asynchronous CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: Asynchronous CP1 routed to Port pin.
6
5
4
3
2
CP1E
Comparator1 Output Enable.
0: CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: CP1 routed to Port pin.
CP0AE Comparator0 Asynchronous Output Enable.
0: Asynchronous CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: Asynchronous CP0 routed to Port pin.
CP0E
Comparator0 Output Enable.
0: CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: CP0 routed to Port pin.
SMB0E SMBus I/O Enable.
0: SMBus I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: SMBus I/O routed to Port pins.
SPI0E
SPI I/O Enable.
0: SPI I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: SPI I/O routed to Port pins. Note that the SPI can be assigned either 3 or 4 GPIO
pins.
1
0
CAN0E CAN I/O Output Enable.
0: CAN I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: CAN_TX, CAN_RX routed to Port pins P0.6 and P0.7.
URT0E UART I/O Output Enable.
0: UART I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1: UART TX0, RX0 routed to Port pins P0.4 and P0.5.
184
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T1E
T0E
ECIE
PCA0ME[2:0]
SYSCKE Reserved
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xE2; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
T1E
T1 Enable.
0: T1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: T1 routed to Port pin.
6
5
T0E
T0 Enable.
0: T0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: T0 routed to Port pin.
ECIE
PCA0 External Counter Input Enable.
0: ECI unavailable at Port pin.
1: ECI routed to Port pin.
4:2 PCA0ME[2:0] PCA Module I/O Enable Bits.
000: All PCA I/O unavailable at Port pins.
001: CEX0 routed to Port pin.
010: CEX0, CEX1 routed to Port pins.
011: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2 routed to Port pins.
100: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3 routed to Port pins.
101: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4 routed to Port pins.
110: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4, CEX5 routed to Port pins.
111: Reserved
1
0
SYSCKE
Reserved
SYSCLK Output Enable.
0: SYSCLK unavailable at Port pin.
1: SYSCLK output routed to Port pin.
Always Write to 0.
Rev. 1.1
185
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.3. XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WEAKPUD XBARE
Reserved
LIN0E
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xC7; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
WEAKPUD Port I/O Weak Pullup Disable.
0: Weak Pullups enabled (except for Ports whose I/O are configured for analog
mode).
1: Weak Pullups disabled.
6
XBARE
Crossbar Enable.
0: Crossbar disabled.
1: Crossbar enabled.
5:1
0
Reserved
LIN0E
Always Write to 00000b.
LIN I/O Output Enable.
0: LIN I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1: LIN_TX, LIN_RX routed to Port pins.
186
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
20.5. Port Match
Port match functionality allows system events to be triggered by a logic value change on P0, P1, P2 or P3.
A software controlled value stored in the PnMATCH registers specifies the expected or normal logic values
of P0, P1, P2, and P3. A Port mismatch event occurs if the logic levels of the Port’s input pins no longer
match the software controlled value. This allows Software to be notified if a certain change or pattern
occurs on P0, P1, P2, or P3 input pins regardless of the XBRn settings.
The PnMASK registers can be used to individually select which of the port pins should be compared
against the PnMATCH registers. A Port mismatch event is generated if (Pn & PnMASK) does not equal
(PnMATCH & PnMASK), where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3
A Port mismatch event may be used to generate an interrupt or wake the device from a low power mode,
such as IDLE or SUSPEND. See the Interrupts and Power Options chapters for more details on interrupt
and wake-up sources.
SFR Definition 20.4. P0MASK: Port 0 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P0MASK[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 P0MASK[7:0] Port 0 Mask Value.
Function
Selects P0 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P0MAT.
0: P0.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P0.n pin logic value is compared to P0MAT.n.
SFR Definition 20.5. P0MAT: Port 0 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P0MAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P0MAT[7:0]
Port 0 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 0 for bits in P0MAT which are set to 1.
0: P0.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P0.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
187
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.6. P1MASK: Port 1 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1MASK[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF4; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 P1MASK[7:0] Port 1 Mask Value.
Function
Selects P1 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P1MAT.
0: P1.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P1.n pin logic value is compared to P1MAT.n.
SFR Definition 20.7. P1MAT: Port 1 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1MAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P1MAT[7:0]
Port 1 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 1 for bits in P1MAT which are set to 1.
0: P1.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P1.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
188
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.8. P2MASK: Port 2 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P2MASK[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xB2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 P2MASK[7:0] Port 2 Mask Value.
Function
Selects P2 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P2MAT.
0: P2.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P2.n pin logic value is compared to P2MAT.n.
SFR Definition 20.9. P2MAT: Port 2 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P2MAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xB1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P2MAT[7:0]
Port 2 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 2 for bits in P2MAT which are set to 1.
0: P2.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P2.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
189
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.10. P3MASK: Port 3 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3MASK[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAF; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 P3MASK[7:0] Port 1 Mask Value.
Function
Selects P3 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P3MAT.
0: P3.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P3.n pin logic value is compared to P3MAT.n.
Note: P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages
SFR Definition 20.11. P3MAT: Port 3 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3MAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xAE; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P3MAT[7:0]
Port 3 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 3 for bits in P3MAT which are set to 1.
0: P3.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P3.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
Note: P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages
190
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
20.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O
All Port I/O are accessed through corresponding special function registers (SFRs) that are both byte
addressable and bit addressable, except for P4 which is only byte addressable. When writing to a Port, the
value written to the SFR is latched to maintain the output data value at each pin. When reading, the logic
levels of the Port's input pins are returned regardless of the XBRn settings (i.e., even when the pin is
assigned to another signal by the Crossbar, the Port register can always read its corresponding Port I/O
pin). The exception to this is the execution of the read-modify-write instructions that target a Port Latch reg-
ister as the destination. The read-modify-write instructions when operating on a Port SFR are the following:
ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ and MOV, CLR or SETB, when the destination is an individ-
ual bit in a Port SFR. For these instructions, the value of the latch register (not the pin) is read, modified,
and written back to the SFR.
Ports 0–3 have a corresponding PnSKIP register which allows its individual Port pins to be assigned to dig-
ital functions or skipped by the Crossbar. All Port pins used for analog functions, GPIO, or dedicated digital
functions such as the EMIF should have their PnSKIP bit set to 1.
The Port input mode of the I/O pins is defined using the Port Input Mode registers (PnMDIN). Each Port
cell can be configured for analog or digital I/O. This selection is required even for the digital resources
selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only exception to this is P4, which can only be
used for digital I/O.
The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMD-
OUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is
required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only
exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the
PnMDOUT settings.
SFR Definition 20.12. P0: Port 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P0[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x80; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
P0[7:0] Port 0 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
Description
Write
0: Set output latch to logic 0: P0.n Port pin is logic
LOW. LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic 1: P0.n Port pin is logic
Read
7:0
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells con-
figured for digital I/O.
HIGH.
HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
191
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.13. P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P0MDIN[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF1; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P0MDIN[7:0] Analog Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P0MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P0.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P0.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
SFR Definition 20.14. P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P0MDOUT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
Function
7:0 P0MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P0MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P0.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P0.n Output is push-pull.
192
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.15. P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P0SKIP[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P0SKIP[7:0] Port 0 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 0 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P0.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P0.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
SFR Definition 20.16. P1: Port 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x90; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
P1[7:0] Port 1 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
Description
Write
0: Set output latch to logic 0: P1.n Port pin is logic
LOW. LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic 1: P1.n Port pin is logic
Read
7:0
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells con-
figured for digital I/O.
HIGH.
HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
193
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.17. P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1MDIN[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF2; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P1MDIN[7:0] Analog Configuration Bits for P1.7–P1.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P1MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P1.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P1.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
SFR Definition 20.18. P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1MDOUT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA5; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
Function
7:0 P1MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P1.7–P1.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P1MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P1.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P1.n Output is push-pull.
194
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.19. P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1SKIP[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD5; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P1SKIP[7:0] Port 1 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 1 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P1.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P1.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
SFR Definition 20.20. P2: Port 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P2[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xA0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
P2[7:0] Port 2Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
Description
Write
0: Set output latch to logic 0: P2.n Port pin is logic
LOW. LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic 1: P2.n Port pin is logic
Read
7:0
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells con-
figured for digital I/O.
HIGH.
HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
195
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.21. P2MDIN: Port 2 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P2MDIN[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF3; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P2MDIN[7:0] Analog Configuration Bits for P2.7–P2.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P2MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P2.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P2.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
SFR Definition 20.22. P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P2MDOUT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA6; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
Function
7:0 P2MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P2.7–P2.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P2MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P2.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P2.n Output is push-pull.
196
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.23. P2SKIP: Port 2 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P2SKIP[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD6; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P2SKIP[7:0] Port 2 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 2 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P2.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P2.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
SFR Definition 20.24. P3: Port 3
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xB0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
P3[7:0] Port 3 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
Description
Write
0: Set output latch to logic 0: P3.n Port pin is logic
LOW. LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic 1: P3.n Port pin is logic
HIGH. HIGH.
Read
7:0
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells con-
figured for digital I/O.
Note: Port P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages.
Rev. 1.1
197
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.25. P3MDIN: Port 3 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3MDIN[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P3MDIN[7:0] Analog Configuration Bits for P3.7–P3.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P3MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P3.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P3.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
Note: Port P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages.
SFR Definition 20.26. P3MDOUT: Port 3 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3MDOUT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAE; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
Function
7:0 P3MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P3.7–P3.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P3MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P3.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P3.n Output is push-pull.
Note: Port P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the and 40-pin 48-pin packages.
198
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 20.27. P3SKIP: Port 3Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3SKIP[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD7; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
P3SKIP[7:0] Port 3 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 3 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P3.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P3.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
Note: Port P3.1–P3.7 are only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages.
SFR Definition 20.28. P4: Port 4
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P4[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xB5; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
P4[7:0] Port 4 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
Description
Write
0: Set output latch to logic 0: P4.n Port pin is logic
LOW. LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic 1: P4.n Port pin is logic
HIGH. HIGH.
Read
7:0
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells con-
figured for digital I/O.
Note: Port 4.0 is only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages. P4.1-P4.7 are only available on the 48-pin
packages.
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SFR Definition 20.29. P4MDOUT: Port 4 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P4MDOUT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAF; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
Function
7:0 P4MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P4.7–P4.0 (respectively).
0: Corresponding P4.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P4.n Output is push-pull.
Note: Port 4.0 is only available on the 48-pin and 40-pin packages. P4.1-P4.7 are only available on the 48-pin
packages.
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21. Local Interconnect Network (LIN)
Important Note: This chapter assumes an understanding of the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) proto-
col. For more information about the LIN protocol, including specifications, please refer to the LIN consor-
tium (http://www.lin-subbus.org).
LIN is an asynchronous, serial communications interface used primarily in automotive networks. The Sili-
con Laboratories LIN controller is compliant to the 2.1 Specification, implements a complete hardware LIN
interface and includes the following features:
Selectable Master and Slave modes.
Automatic baud rate option in slave mode.
The internal oscillator is accurate to within 0.5% of 24 MHz across the entire supply voltage and
temperature range and so an external oscillator is not necessary for master mode operation.
Note: The minimum system clock (SYSCLK) required when using the LIN controller is 8 MHz.
C8051F500/2/4/6
LIN Controller
8051 MCU Core
LIN0ADR
LIN Data
Registers
LIN Control
Registers
LIN0DAT
LIN0CF
Indirectly Addressed Registers
TX
RX
Control State Machine
Figure 21.1. LIN Block Diagram
The LIN controller has four main components:
LIN Access Registers—Provide the interface between the MCU core and the LIN controller.
LIN Data Registers—Where transmitted and received message data bytes are stored.
LIN Control Registers—Control the functionality of the LIN interface.
Control State Machine and Bit Streaming Logic—Contains the hardware that serializes messages and
controls the bus timing of the controller.
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21.1. Software Interface with the LIN Controller
The selection of the mode (Master or Slave) and the automatic baud rate feature are done though the LIN0
Control Mode (LIN0CF) register. The other LIN registers are accessed indirectly through the two SFRs
LIN0 Address (LIN0ADR) and LIN0 Data (LIN0DAT). The LIN0ADR register selects which LIN register is
targeted by reads/writes of the LIN0DAT register. The full list of indirectly-accessible LIN registers is given
in Table 21.4 on page 210.
21.2. LIN Interface Setup and Operation
The hardware based LIN controller allows for the implementation of both Master and Slave nodes with
minimal firmware overhead and complete control of the interface status while allowing for interrupt and
polled mode operation.
The first step to use the controller is to define the basic characteristics of the node:
Mode—Master or Slave
Baud Rate—Either defined manually or using the autobaud feature (slave mode only)
Checksum Type—Select between classic or enhanced checksum, both of which are implemented in hard-
ware.
21.2.1. Mode Definition
Following the LIN specification, the controller implements in hardware both the Slave and Master operating
modes. The mode is configured using the MODE bit (LIN0CF.6).
21.2.2. Baud Rate Options: Manual or Autobaud
The LIN controller can be selected to have its baud rate calculated manually or automatically. A master
node must always have its baud rate set manually, but slave nodes can choose between a manual or auto-
matic setup. The configuration is selected using the ABAUD bit (LIN0CF.5).
Both the manual and automatic baud rate configurations require additional setup. The following sections
explain the different options available and their relation with the baud rate, along with the steps necessary
to achieve the required baud rate.
21.2.3. Baud Rate Calculations: Manual Mode
The baud rate used by the LIN controller is a function of the System Clock (SYSCLK) and the LIN timing
registers according to the following equation:
SYSCLK
baud_rate = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
prescaler + 1
2
divider multiplier + 1
The prescaler, divider and multiplier factors are part of the LIN0DIV and LIN0MUL registers and can
assume values in the following range:
Table 21.1. Baud Rate Calculation Variable Ranges
Factor
Range
prescaler
multiplier
divider
0…3
0…31
200…511
Important Note: The minimum system clock (SYSCLK) to operate the LIN controller is 8 MHz.
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Use the following equations to calculate the values for the variables for the baud-rate equation:
20000
multiplier = ----------------------------- – 1
baud_rate
SYSCLK
1
ln2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
prescaler = ln
-------- – 1
multiplier + 1 baud_rate 200
SYSCLK
divider = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
prescaler + 1
2
multiplier + 1 baud_rate
In all of these equations, the results must be rounded down to the nearest integer.
The following example shows the steps for calculating the baud rate values for a Master node running at
24 MHz and communicating at 19200 bits/sec. First, calculate the multiplier:
20000
multiplier = ---------------- – 1 = 0. 0417 0
19200
Next, calculate the prescaler:
24000000
1
ln2
-----------------------------------------------------------
prescaler = ln
-------- – 1 = 1.644 1
0 + 1 19200 200
Finally, calculate the divider:
24000000
divider = ---------------------------------------------------------------------- = 312.5 312
1 + 1
2
0 + 1 19200
These values lead to the following baud rate:
24000000
----------------------------------------------------------------
2
baud_rate =
19230.77
1 + 1
0 + 1 312
The following code programs the interface in Master mode, using the Enhanced Checksum and enables
the interface to operate at 19230 bits/sec using a 24 MHz system clock.
LIN0CF
LIN0CF |= 0x40;
= 0x80;
// Activate the interface
// Set the node as a Master
LIN0ADR = 0x0D;
// Point to the LIN0MUL register
// Initialize the register (prescaler, multiplier and bit 8 of divider)
LIN0DAT = ( 0x01 << 6 ) + ( 0x00 << 1 ) + ( ( 0x138 & 0x0100 ) >> 8 );
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
= 0x0C;
= (unsigned char)_0x138;
// Point to the LIN0DIV register
// Initialize LIN0DIV
LIN0ADR
= 0x0B;
// Point to the LIN0SIZE register
LIN0DAT |= 0x80;
// Initialize the checksum as Enhanced
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
= 0x08;
= 0x0C;
// Point to LIN0CTRL register
// Reset any error and the interrupt
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Table 21.2 includes the configuration values required for the typical system clocks and baud rates:
Table 21.2. Manual Baud Rate Parameters Examples
Baud (bits/sec)
20 K
19.2 K
9.6 K
4.8 K
1 K
SYSCLK
(MHz)
25
24.5
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
312
306
300
276
200
306
300
276
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
325
319
312
288
208
319
312
288
208
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
325
319
312
288
208
319
312
288
208
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
325
319
312
288
208
319
312
288
208
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
312
306
300
276
200
306
300
276
200
22.1184
16
12.25
12
11.0592
8
21.2.4. Baud Rate Calculations—Automatic Mode
If the LIN controller is configured for slave mode, only the prescaler and divider need to be calculated:
SYSCLK
------------------------
1
ln2
prescaler = ln
-------- – 1
4000000
SYSCLK
divider = ---------------------------------------------------------------------
prescaler + 1
2
20000
The following example calculates the values of these variables for a 24 MHz system clock:
24000000
--------------------------
1
ln2
prescaler = ln
-------- – 1 = 1.585 1
4000000
24000000
divider = --------------------------------------------- = 300
1 + 1
2
20000
Table 21.3 presents some typical values of system clock and baud rate along with their factors.
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Table 21.3. Autobaud Parameters Examples
System Clock (MHz)
Prescaler
Divider
312
25
24.5
24
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
306
300
22.1184
16
276
200
12.25
12
306
300
11.0592
8
276
200
21.3. LIN Master Mode Operation
The master node is responsible for the scheduling of messages and sends the header of each frame con-
taining the SYNCH BREAK FIELD, SYNCH FIELD, and IDENTIFIER FIELD. The steps to schedule a mes-
sage transmission or reception are listed below.
1. Load the 6-bit Identifier into the LIN0ID register.
2. Load the data length into the LIN0SIZE register. Set the value to the number of data bytes or "1111b" if
the data length should be decoded from the identifier. Also, set the checksum type, classic or
enhanced, in the same LIN0SIZE register.
3. Set the data direction by setting the TXRX bit (LIN0CTRL.5). Set the bit to 1 to perform a master
transmit operation, or set the bit to 0 to perform a master receive operation.
4. If performing a master transmit operation, load the data bytes to transmit into the data buffer (LIN0DT1
to LIN0DT8).
5. Set the STREQ bit (LIN0CTRL.0) to start the message transfer. The LIN controller will schedule the
message frame and request an interrupt if the message transfer is successfully completed or if an error
has occurred.
This code segment shows the procedure to schedule a message in a transmission operation:
LIN0ADR
= 0x08;
// Point to LIN0CTRL
LIN0DAT |= 0x20;
// Select to transmit data
// Point to LIN0ID
// Load the ID, in this example 0x11
// Point to LIN0SIZE
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
LIN0ADR
= 0x0E;
= 0x11;
= 0x0B;
LIN0DAT = ( LIN0DAT & 0xF0 ) | 0x08;
// Load the size with 8
LIN0ADR = 0x00;
for (i=0; i<8; i++)
{
// Point to Data buffer first byte
LIN0DAT = i + 0x41;
LIN0ADR++;
// Load the buffer with ‘A’, ‘B’, ...
// Increment the address to the next buffer
}
LIN0ADR = 0x08;
LIN0DAT = 0x01;
// Point to LIN0CTRL
// Start Request
The application should perform the following steps when an interrupt is requested.
1. Check the DONE bit (LIN0ST.0) and the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2).
2. If performing a master receive operation and the transfer was successful, read the received data from
the data buffer.
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3. If the transfer was not successful, check the error register to determine the kind of error. Further error
handling has to be done by the application.
4. Set the RSTINT (LIN0CTRL.3) and RSTERR bits (LIN0CTRL.2) to reset the interrupt request and the
error flags.
21.4. LIN Slave Mode Operation
When the device is configured for slave mode operation, it must wait for a command from a master node.
Access from the firmware to the data buffer and ID registers of the LIN controller is only possible when a
data request is pending (DTREQ bit (LIN0ST.4) is 1) and also when the LIN bus is not active (ACTIVE bit
(LIN0ST.7) is set to 0).
The LIN controller in slave mode detects the header of the message frame sent by the LIN master. If slave
synchronization is enabled (autobaud), the slave synchronizes its internal bit time to the master bit time.
The LIN controller configured for slave mode will generated an interrupt in one of three situations:
1. After the reception of the IDENTIFIER FIELD
2. When an error is detected
3. When the message transfer is completed.
The application should perform the following steps when an interrupt is detected:
1. Check the status of the DTREQ bit (LIN0ST.4). This bit is set when the IDENTIFIER FIELD has been
received.
2. If DTREQ (LIN0ST.4) is set, read the identifier from LIN0ID and process it. If DTREQ (LIN0ST.4) is not
set, continue to step 7.
3. Set the TXRX bit (LIN0CTRL.5) to 1 if the current frame is a transmit operation for the slave and set to
0 if the current frame is a receive operation for the slave.
4. Load the data length into LIN0SIZE.
5. For a slave transmit operation, load the data to transmit into the data buffer.
6. Set the DTACK bit (LIN0CTRL.4). Continue to step 10.
7. If DTREQ (LIN0ST.4) is not set, check the DONE bit (LIN0ST.0). The transmission was successful if the
DONE bit is set.
8. If the transmission was successful and the current frame was a receive operation for the slave, load the
received data bytes from the data buffer.
9. If the transmission was not successful, check LIN0ERR to determine the nature of the error. Further
error handling has to be done by the application.
10.Set the RSTINT (LIN0CTRL.3) and RSTERR bits (LIN0CTRL.2) to reset the interrupt request and the
error flags.
In addition to these steps, the application should be aware of the following:
1. If the current frame is a transmit operation for the slave, steps 1 through 5 must be completed during
the IN-FRAME RESPONSE SPACE. If it is not completed in time, a timeout will be detected by the
master.
2. If the current frame is a receive operation for the slave, steps 1 through 5 have to be finished until the
reception of the first byte after the IDENTIFIER FIELD. Otherwise, the internal receive buffer of the LIN
controller will be overwritten and a timeout error will be detected in the LIN controller.
3. The LIN controller does not directly support LIN Version 1.3 Extended Frames. If the application detects
an unknown identifier (e.g. extended identifier), it has to write a 1 to the STOP bit (LIN0CTRL.7) instead
of setting the DTACK (LIN0CTRL.4) bit. At that time, steps 2 through 5 can then be skipped. In this
situation, the LIN controller stops the processing of LIN communication until the next SYNC BREAK is
received.
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4. Changing the configuration of the checksum during a transaction will cause the interface to reset and
the transaction to be lost. To prevent this, the checksum should not be configured while a transaction is
in progress. The same applies to changes in the LIN interface mode from slave mode to master mode
and from master mode to slave mode.
21.5. Sleep Mode and Wake-Up
To reduce the system’s power consumption, the LIN Protocol Specification defines a Sleep Mode. The
message used to broadcast a Sleep Mode request must be transmitted by the LIN master application in
the same way as a normal transmit message. The LIN slave application must decode the Sleep Mode
Frame from the Identifier and data bytes. After that, it has to put the LIN slave node into the Sleep Mode by
setting the SLEEP bit (LIN0CTRL.6).
If the SLEEP bit (LIN0CTRL.6) of the LIN slave application is not set and there is no bus activity for four
seconds (specified bus idle timeout), the IDLTOUT bit (LIN0ST.6) is set and an interrupt request is gener-
ated. After that the application may assume that the LIN bus is in Sleep Mode and set the SLEEP bit
(LIN0CTRL.6).
Sending a wake-up signal from the master or any slave node terminates the Sleep Mode of the LIN bus. To
send a wake-up signal, the application has to set the WUPREQ bit (LIN0CTRL.1). After successful trans-
mission of the wake-up signal, the DONE bit (LIN0ST.0) of the master node is set and an interrupt request
is generated. The LIN slave does not generate an interrupt request after successful transmission of the
wake-up signal but it generates an interrupt request if the master does not respond to the wake-up signal
within 150 milliseconds. In that case, the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2) and TOUT bit (LIN0ERR.2) are set. The
application then has to decide whether or not to transmit another wake-up signal.
All LIN nodes that detect a wake-up signal will set the WAKEUP (LIN0ST.1) and DONE bits (LIN0ST.0) and
generate an interrupt request. After that, the application has to clear the SLEEP bit (LIN0CTRL.6) in the
LIN slave.
21.6. Error Detection and Handling
The LIN controller generates an interrupt request and stops the processing of the current frame if it detects
an error. The application has to check the type of error by processing LIN0ERR. After that, it has to reset
the error register and the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2) by writing a 1 to the RSTERR bit (LIN0CTRL.2). Starting a
new message with the LIN controller selected as master or sending a Wakeup signal with the LIN control-
ler selected as a master or slave is possible only if the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2) is set to 0.
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21.7. LIN Registers
The following Special Function Registers (SFRs) and indirect registers are available for the LIN controller.
21.7.1. LIN Direct Access SFR Registers Definitions
SFR Definition 21.1. LIN0ADR: LIN0 Indirect Address Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LIN0ADR[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 LIN0ADR[7:0]
Function
LIN Indirect Address Register Bits.
This register hold an 8-bit address used to indirectly access the LIN0 core registers.
Table 21.4 lists the LIN0 core registers and their indirect addresses. Reads and
writes to LIN0DAT will target the register indicated by the LIN0ADR bits.
SFR Definition 21.2. LIN0DAT: LIN0 Indirect Data Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LIN0DAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 LIN0DAT[7:0]
Function
LIN Indirect Data Register Bits.
When this register is read, it will read the contents of the LIN0 core register pointed
to by LIN0ADR.
When this register is written, it will write the value to the LIN0 core register pointed
to by LIN0ADR.
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SFR Definition 21.3. LIN0CF: LIN0 Control Mode Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LINEN
MODE
ABAUD
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
1
R/W
1
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
SFR Address = 0xC9; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
LINEN
LIN Interface Enable Bit.
0: LIN0 is disabled.
1: LIN0 is enabled.
6
5
MODE
LIN Mode Selection Bit.
0: LIN0 operates in slave mode.
1: LIN0 operates in master mode.
ABAUD
LIN Mode Automatic Baud Rate Selection.
This bit only has an effect when the MODE bit is configured for slave mode.
0: Manual baud rate selection is enabled.
1: Automatic baud rate selection is enabled.
4:0
Unused
Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care
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21.7.2. LIN Indirect Access SFR Registers Definitions
Table 21.4 lists the 15 indirect registers used to configured and communicate with the LIN controller.
Table 21.4. LIN Registers (Indirectly Addressable)
Name Address
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
LIN0DT1
LIN0DT2
LIN0DT3
LIN0DT4
LIN0DT5
LIN0DT6
LIN0DT7
LIN0DT8
LIN0CTRL
LIN0ST
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0A
0x0B
0x0C
0x0D
0x0E
DATA1[7:0]
DATA2[7:0]
DATA3[7:0]
DATA4[7:0]
DATA5[7:0]
DATA67:0]
DATA7[7:0]
DATA8[7:0]
STOP(s) SLEEP(s)
TXRX
DTACK(s) RSTINT RSTERR WUPREQ STREQ(m)
ACTIVE IDLTOUT ABORT(s) DTREQ(s) LININT ERROR WAKEUP
DONE
LIN0ERR
LIN0SIZE
LIN0DIV
LIN0MUL
LIN0ID
SYNCH(s) PRTY(s)
TOUT
CHK
BITERR
ENHCHK
LINSIZE[3:0]
DIVLSB[7:0]
LINMUL[4:0]
PRESCL[1:0]
DIV9
ID0
ID5
ID4
ID3
ID2
ID1
Note: These registers are used in both master and slave mode. The register bits marked with (m) are accessible only in
Master mode while the register bits marked with (s) are accessible only in slave mode. All other registers are
accessible in both modes.
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LIN Register Definition 21.4. LIN0DTn: LIN0 Data Byte n
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DATAn[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address: LIN0DT1 = 0x00, LIN0DT2 = 0x01, LIN0DT3 = 0x02, LIN0DT4 = 0x03, LIN0DT5 = 0x04,
LIN0DT6 = 0x05, LIN0DT7 = 0x06, LIN0DT8 = 0x07
Bit
Name
Function
7:0 DATAn[7:0] LIN Data Byte n.
Serial Data Byte that is received or transmitted across the LIN interface.
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LIN Register Definition 21.5. LIN0CTRL: LIN0 Control Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
STOP
SLEEP
TXRX
DTACK
RSTINT
RSTERR WUPREQ STREQ
Name
Type
Reset
W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
W
0
W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
Indirect Address = 0x08
Bit
Name
Function
7
STOP
Stop Communication Processing Bit. (slave mode only)
This bit always reads as 0.
0: No effect.
1: Block the processing of LIN communications until the next SYNC BREAK signal.
6
SLEEP
Sleep Mode Bit. (slave mode only)
0: Wake the device after receiving a Wakeup interrupt.
1: Put the device into sleep mode after receiving a Sleep Mode frame or a bus idle
timeout.
5
4
3
TXRX
DTACK
RSTINT
Transmit / Receive Selection Bit.
0: Current frame is a receive operation.
1: Current frame is a transmit operation.
Data Acknowledge Bit. (slave mode only)
Set to 1 after handling a data request interrupt to acknowledge the transfer. The bit
will automatically be cleared to 0 by the LIN controller.
Reset Interrupt Bit.
This bit always reads as 0.
0: No effect.
1: Reset the LININT bit (LIN0ST.3).
2
RSTERR
Reset Error Bit.
This bit always reads as 0.
0: No effect.
1: Reset the error bits in LIN0ST and LIN0ERR.
1
0
WUPREQ Wakeup Request Bit.
Set to 1 to terminate sleep mode by sending a wakeup signal. The bit will automati-
cally be cleared to 0 by the LIN controller.
STREQ
Start Request Bit. (master mode only)
1: Start a LIN transmission. This should be set only after loading the identifier, data
length and data buffer if necessary.
The bit is reset to 0 upon transmission completion or error detection.
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LIN Register Definition 21.6. LIN0ST: LIN0 Status Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ACTIVE IDLTOUT
ABORT
DTREQ
LININT
ERROR WAKEUP
DONE
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
Indirect Address = 0x09
Bit
Name
Function
7
ACTIVE
LIN Active Indicator Bit.
0: No transmission activity detected on the LIN bus.
1: Transmission activity detected on the LIN bus.
6
5
IDLT
Bus Idle Timeout Bit. (slave mode only)
0: The bus has not been idle for four seconds.
1: No bus activity has been detected for four seconds, but the bus is not yet in Sleep
mode.
ABORT
Aborted Transmission Bit. (slave mode only)
0: The current transmission has not been interrupted or stopped. This bit is reset to 0
after receiving a SYNCH BREAK that does not interrupt a pending transmission.
1: New SYNCH BREAK detected before the end of the last transmission or the STOP
bit (LIN0CTRL.7) has been set.
4
3
2
1
0
DTREQ
LININT
ERROR
Data Request Bit. (slave mode only)
0: Data identifier has not been received.
1: Data identifier has been received.
Interrupt Request Bit.
0: An interrupt is not pending. This bit is cleared by setting RSTINT (LIN0CTRL.3)
1: There is a pending LIN0 interrupt.
Communication Error Bit.
0: No error has been detected. This bit is cleared by setting RSTERR (LIN0CTRL.2)
1: An error has been detected.
WAKEUP Wakeup Bit.
0: A wakeup signal is not being transmitted and has not been received.
1: A wakeup signal is being transmitted or has been received
DONE
Transmission Complete Bit.
0: A transmission is not in progress or has not been started. This bit is cleared at the
start of a transmission.
1: The current transmission is complete.
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LIN Register Definition 21.7. LIN0ERR: LIN0 Error Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SYNCH
PRTY
TOUT
CHK
BITERR
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
Indirect Address = 0x0A
Bit
7:5
4
Name
Unused
SYNCH
Function
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care
Synchronization Error Bit (slave mode only).
0: No error with the SYNCH FIELD has been detected.
1: Edges of the SYNCH FIELD are outside of the maximum tolerance.
3
2
PRTY
TOUT
Parity Error Bit (slave mode only).
0: No parity error has been detected.
1: A parity error has been detected.
Timeout Error Bit.
0: A timeout error has not been detected.
1: A timeout error has been detected. This error is detected whenever one of the fol-
lowing conditions is met:
•
•
•
•
The master is expecting data from a slave and the slave does not respond.
The slave is expecting data but no data is transmitted on the bus.
A frame is not finished within the maximum frame length.
The application does not set the DTACK bit (LIN0CTRL.4) or STOP bit
(LIN0CTRL.7) until the end of the reception of the first byte after the identifier.
1
0
CHK
Checksum Error Bit.
0: Checksum error has not been detected.
1: Checksum error has been detected.
BITERR
Bit Transmission Error Bit.
0: No error in transmission has been detected.
1: The bit value monitored during transmission is different than the bit value sent.
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LIN Register Definition 21.8. LIN0SIZE: LIN0 Message Size Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ENHCHK
LINSIZE[3:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x0B
Bit
Name
Function
7
ENHCHK
Checksum Selection Bit.
0: Use the classic, specification 1.3 compliant checksum. Checksum covers the
data bytes.
1: Use the enhanced, specification 2.0 compliant checksum. Checksum covers data
bytes and protected identifier.
6:4
Unused
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care
3:0 LINSIZE[3:0] Data Field Size.
0000: 0 data bytes
0001: 1 data byte
0010: 2 data bytes
0011: 3 data bytes
0100: 4 data bytes
0101: 5 data bytes
0110: 6 data bytes
0111: 7 data bytes
1000: 8 data bytes
1001-1110: RESERVED
1111: Use the ID[1:0] bits (LIN0ID[5:4]) to determine the data length.
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C8051F50x-F51x
LIN Register Definition 21.9. LIN0DIV: LIN0 Divider Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DIVLSB[3:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x0C
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
DIVLSB
LIN Baud Rate Divider Least Significant Bits.
The 8 least significant bits for the baud rate divider. The 9th and most significant bit
is the DIV9 bit (LIN0MUL.0). The valid range for the divider is 200 to 511.
LIN Register Definition 21.10. LIN0MUL: LIN0 Multiplier Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PRESCL[1:0]
R/W
LINMUL[4:0]
DIV9
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x0D
Bit Name
7:6 PRESCL[1:0] LIN Baud Rate Prescaler Bits.
These bits are the baud rate prescaler bits.
5:1 LINMUL[4:0] LIN Baud Rate Multiplier Bits.
Function
These bits are the baud rate multiplier bits. These bits are not used in slave mode.
0
DIV9
LIN Baud Rate Divider Most Significant Bit.
The most significant bit of the baud rate divider. The 8 least significant bits are in
LIN0DIV. The valid range for the divider is 200 to 511.
216
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C8051F50x-F51x
LIN Register Definition 21.11. LIN0ID: LIN0 Identifier Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID[5:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x0E
Bit
7:6
5:0
Name
Unused
ID[5:0]
Function
Read = 00b; Write = Don’t Care.
LIN Identifier Bits.
These bits form the data identifier.
If the LINSIZE bits (LIN0SIZE[3:0]) are 1111b, bits ID[5:4] are used to determine the
data size and are interpreted as follows:
00: 2 bytes
01: 2 bytes
10: 4 bytes
11: 8 bytes
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
22. Controller Area Network (CAN0)
Important Documentation Note: The Bosch CAN Controller is integrated in the C8051F500/2/4/6/8-F510
devices. This section of the data sheet gives a description of the CAN controller as an overview and offers
a description of how the Silicon Labs CIP-51 MCU interfaces with the on-chip Bosch CAN controller. In
order to use the CAN controller, refer to Bosch’s C_CAN User’s Manual as an accompanying manual to
the Silicon Labs’ data sheet.
The C8051F500/2/4/6/8-F510 devices feature a Control Area Network (CAN) controller that enables serial
communication using the CAN protocol. Silicon Labs CAN facilitates communication on a CAN network in
accordance with the Bosch specification 2.0A (basic CAN) and 2.0B (full CAN). The CAN controller con-
sists of a CAN Core, Message RAM (separate from the CIP-51 RAM), a message handler state machine,
and control registers. Silicon Labs CAN is a protocol controller and does not provide physical layer drivers
(i.e., transceivers). Figure 22.1 shows an example typical configuration on a CAN bus.
Silicon Labs CAN operates at bit rates of up to 1 Mbit/second, though this can be limited by the physical
layer chosen to transmit data on the CAN bus. The CAN processor has 32 Message Objects that can be
configured to transmit or receive data. Incoming data, message objects and their identifier masks are
stored in the CAN message RAM. All protocol functions for transmission of data and acceptance filtering is
performed by the CAN controller and not by the CIP-51 MCU. In this way, minimal CPU bandwidth is
needed to use CAN communication. The CIP-51 configures the CAN controller, accesses received data,
and passes data for transmission via Special Function Registers (SFRs) in the CIP-51.
Silicon Labs MCU
CAN Protocol Device
CAN Protocol Device
CANTX
CANRX
CAN
CAN
CAN
Transceiver
Transceiver
Transceiver
Isolation/Buffer (Optional)
Isolation/Buffer (Optional)
Isolation/Buffer (Optional)
CAN_H
R
R
CAN_L
Figure 22.1. Typical CAN Bus Configuration
218
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22.1. Bosch CAN Controller Operation
The CAN Controller featured in the C8051F500/2/4/6/8-F510 devices is a full implementation of Bosch’s
full CAN module and fully complies with CAN specification 2.0B. A block diagram of the CAN controller is
shown in Figure 22.2. The CAN Core provides shifting (CANTX and CANRX), serial/parallel conversion of
messages, and other protocol related tasks such as transmission of data and acceptance filtering. The
message RAM stores 32 message objects which can be received or transmitted on a CAN network. The
CAN registers and message handler provide an interface for data transfer and notification between the
CAN controller and the CIP-51.
The function and use of the CAN Controller is detailed in the Bosch CAN User’s Guide. The User’s Guide
should be used as a reference to configure and use the CAN controller. This data sheet describes how to
access the CAN controller.
All of the CAN controller registers are located on SFR Page 0x0C. Before accessing any of the CAN regis-
ters, the SFRPAGE register must be set to 0x0C.
The CAN Controller is typically initialized using the following steps:
1. Set the SFRPAGE register to the CAN registers page (page 0x0C).
2. Set the INIT and the CCE bits to 1 in CAN0CN. See the CAN User’s Guide for bit definitions.
3. Set timing parameters in the Bit Timing Register and the BRP Extension Register.
4. Initialize each message object or set its MsgVal bit to NOT VALID.
5. Reset the INIT bit to 0.
CAN Controller
8051 MCU Core
RX
TX
CAN0CFG
Message
Handler
System Clock
CAN Core
Message
RAM
(32 Objects)
CAN Registers
mapped to
SFR space
Figure 22.2. CAN Controller Diagram
22.1.1. CAN Controller Timing
The CAN controller’s clock (fsys) is derived from the CIP-51 system clock (SYSCLK). The C8051F500/2/4/
6/8-F510 internal oscillator is accurate to within 0.5% and so an external oscillator is not required for CAN
communication. Refer to Section “4.10.4 Oscillator Tolerance Range” in the Bosch CAN User’s Guide for
further information regarding this topic.
The CAN controller clock must be less than or equal to 25 MHz. If the CIP-51 system clock is above
25 MHz, the divider in the CAN0CFG register must be set to divide the CAN controller clock down to an
appropriate speed.
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C8051F50x-F51x
22.1.2. CAN Register Access
The CAN controller clock divider selected in the CAN0CFG SFR affects how the CAN registers can be
accessed. If the divider is set to 1, then a CAN SFR can immediately be read after it is written. If the divider
is set to a value other than 1, then a read of a CAN SFR that has just been written must be delayed by a
certain number of cycles. This delay can be performed using a NOP or some other instruction that does
not attempt to read the register. This access limitation applies to read and read-modify-write instructions
that occur immediately after a write. The full list of affected instructions is ANL, ORL, MOV, XCH, and XRL.
For example, with the CAN0CFG divider set to 1, the CAN0CN SFR can be accessed as follows:
MOV CAN0CN, #041
MOV R7, CAN0CN
; Enable access to Bit Timing Register
; Copy CAN0CN to R7
With the CAN0CFG divider set to /2, the same example code requires an additional NOP:
MOV CAN0CN, #041
NOP
MOV R7, CAN0CN
; Enable access to Bit Timing Register
; Wait for write to complete
; Copy CAN0CN to R7
The number of delay cycles required is dependent on the divider setting. With a divider of 2, the read must
wait for 1 system clock cycle. With a divider of 4, the read must wait 3 system clock cycles, and with the
divider set to 8, the read must wait 7 system clock cycles. The delay only needs to be applied when read-
ing the same register that was written. The application can write and read other CAN SFRs without any
delay.
22.1.3. Example Timing Calculation for 1 Mbit/Sec Communication
This example shows how to configure the CAN controller timing parameters for a 1 Mbit/Sec bit rate. Table
18.1 shows timing-related system parameters needed for the calculation.
Table 22.1. Background System Information
Parameter
Value
Description
Internal Oscillator Max
CIP-51 system clock (SYSCLK)
CAN controller clock (fsys)
CAN clock period (tsys)
CAN time quantum (tq)
CAN bus length
24 MHz
24 MHz
41.667 ns
41.667 ns
10 m
CAN0CFG divider set to 1
Derived from 1/fsys
Derived from tsys x BRP1,2
5 ns/m signal delay between CAN nodes
2 x (transceiver loop delay + bus line delay)
Propogation delay time3
400 ns
Notes:
1. The CAN time quantum is the smallest unit of time recognized by the CAN controller. Bit timing parameters
are specified in integer multiples of the time quantum.
2. The Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP) is defined as the value of the BRP Extension Register plus 1. The BRP
extension register has a reset value of 0x0000. The BRP has a reset value of 1.
3. Based on an ISO-11898 compliant transceiver. CAN does not specify a physical layer.
Each bit transmitted on a CAN network has 4 segments (Sync_Seg, Prop_Seg, Phase_Seg1, and
Phase_Seg2), as shown in Figure 18.3. The sum of these segments determines the CAN bit time (1/bit
rate). In this example, the desired bit rate is 1 Mbit/sec; therefore, the desired bit time is 1000 ns.
220
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CAN Bit Time (4 to 25 tq)
Sync_Seg
Prop_Seg
Phase_Seg1
1 to 8 tq
Phase_Seg2
1 to 8 tq
1tq
1 to 8 tq
1tq
Sample Point
Figure 22.3. Four segments of a CAN Bit
The length of the 4 bit segments must be adjusted so that their sum is as close as possible to the desired
bit time. Since each segment must be an integer multiple of the time quantum (tq), the closest achievable
bit time is 24 tq (1000.008 ns), yielding a bit rate of 0.999992 Mbit/sec. The Sync_Seg is a constant 1 tq.
The Prop_Seg must be greater than or equal to the propagation delay of 400 ns and so the choice is 10 tq
(416.67 ns).
The remaining time quanta (13 tq) in the bit time are divided between Phase_Seg1 and Phase_Seg2 as
shown in. Based on this equation, Phase_Seg1 = 6 tq and Phase_Seg2 = 7 tq.
Phase_Seg1 + Phase_Seg2 = Bit_Time – (Synch_Seg + Prop_Seg)
1. If Phase_Seg1 + Phase_Seg2 is even, then Phase_Seg2 = Phase_Seg1. If the sum is odd,
Phase_Seg2 = Phase_Seg1 + 1.
2. Phase_Seg2 should be at least 2 tq.
Equation 22.1. Assigning the Phase Segments
The Synchronization Jump Width (SJW) timing parameter is defined by. It is used for determining the value
written to the Bit Timing Register and for determining the required oscillator tolerance. Since we are using
a quartz crystal as the system clock source, an oscillator tolerance calculation is not needed.
SJW = minimum (4, Phase_Seg1)
Equation 22.2. Synchronization Jump Width (SJW)
The value written to the Bit Timing Register can be calculated using Equation 18.3. The BRP Extension
register is left at its reset value of 0x0000.
BRPE = BRP – 1 = BRP Extension Register = 0x0000
SJWp = SJW – 1 = minimum (4, 6) – 1 = 3
TSEG1 = Prop_Seg + Phase_Seg1 - 1 = 10 + 6 – 1 = 15
TSEG2 = Phase_Seg2 – 1 = 6
Bit Timing Register = (TSEG2 x 0x1000) + (TSEG1 x 0x0100)
Bit Timing Register = (TSEG2 x 0x1000) + (TSEG1 x 0x0100) + (SJWp x 0x0040) + BRPE = 0x6FC0
Equation 22.3. Calculating the Bit Timing Register Value
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
22.2. CAN Registers
CAN registers are classified as follows:
1. CAN Controller Protocol Registers: CAN control, interrupt, error control, bus status, test modes.
2. Message Object Interface Registers: Used to configure 32 Message Objects, send and receive data
to and from Message Objects. The CIP-51 MCU accesses the CAN message RAM via the Message
Object Interface Registers. Upon writing a message object number to an IF1 or IF2 Command Request
Register, the contents of the associated Interface Registers (IF1 or IF2) will be transferred to or from the
message object in CAN RAM.
3. Message Handler Registers: These read only registers are used to provide information to the CIP-51
MCU about the message objects (MSGVLD flags, Transmission Request Pending, New Data Flags)
and Interrupts Pending (which Message Objects have caused an interrupt or status interrupt condition).
For the registers other than CAN0CFG, refer to the Bosch CAN User’s Guide for information on the func-
tion and use of the CAN Control Protocol Registers.
22.2.1. CAN Controller Protocol Registers
The CAN Control Protocol Registers are used to configure the CAN controller, process interrupts, monitor
bus status, and place the controller in test modes.
The registers are: CAN Control Register (CAN0CN), CAN Clock Configuration (CAN0CFG), CAN Status
Register (CAN0STA), CAN Test Register (CAN0TST), Error Counter Register, Bit Timing Register, and the
Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP) Extension Register.
22.2.2. Message Object Interface Registers
There are two sets of Message Object Interface Registers used to configure the 32 Message Objects that
transmit and receive data to and from the CAN bus. Message objects can be configured for transmit or
receive, and are assigned arbitration message identifiers for acceptance filtering by all CAN nodes.
Message Objects are stored in Message RAM, and are accessed and configured using the Message
Object Interface Registers.
22.2.3. Message Handler Registers
The Message Handler Registers are read only registers. The message handler registers provide interrupt,
error, transmit/receive requests, and new data information.
222
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22.2.4. CAN Register Assignment
The standard Bosch CAN registers are mapped to SFR space as shown below and their full definitions are
available in the CAN User’s Guide. The name shown in the Name column matches what is provided in the
CAN User's Guide. One additional SFR which is not a standard Bosch CAN register, CAN0CFG, is pro-
vided to configure the CAN clock. All CAN registers are located on SFR Page 0x0C.
Table 22.2. Standard CAN Registers and Reset Values
CAN
Name
SFR Name
(High)
SFR
SFR Name
(Low)
SFR
16-bit
SFR
Reset
Value
Addr.
Addr.
Addr.
0x00 CAN Control Register
0x02 Status Register
0x04 Error Counter1
0x06 Bit Timing Register2
0x08 Interrupt Register1
0x0A Test Register
0x0C BRP Extension Register2
0x10 IF1 Command Request
0x12 IF1 Command Mask
0x14 IF1 Mask 1
—
—
—
—
CAN0CN
0xC0
0x94
—
—
0x01
0x00
CAN0STAT
CAN0ERRH 0x97 CAN0ERRL
0x96 CAN0ERR 0x0000
CAN0BTH
CAN0IIDH
—
0x9B
0x9D
—
CAN0BTL
CAN0IIDL
CAN0TST
0x9A
0x9C
0x9E
CAN0BT
CAN0IID
—
0x2301
0x0000
0x003,4
0x00
—
—
CAN0BRPE 0xA1
—
CAN0IF1CRH 0xBF CAN0IF1CRL 0xBE CAN0IF1CR 0x0001
CAN0IF1CMH 0xC3 CAN0IF1CML 0xC2 CAN0IF1CM 0x0000
CAN0IF1M1H 0xC5 CAN0IF1M1L 0xC4 CAN0IF1M1 0xFFFF
CAN0IF1M2H 0xC7 CAN0IF1M2L 0xC6 CAN0IF1M2 0xFFFF
CAN0IF1A1H 0xCB CAN0IF1A1L 0xCA CAN0IF1A1 0x0000
CAN0IF1A2H 0xCD CAN0IF1A2L 0xCC CAN0IF1A2 0x0000
CAN0IF1MCH 0xD3 CAN0IF1MCL 0xD2 CAN0IF1MC 0x0000
CAN0IF1DA1H 0xD5 CAN0IF1DA1L 0xD4 CAN0IF1DA1 0x0000
CAN0IF1DA2H 0xD7 CAN0IF1DA2L 0xD6 CAN0IF1DA2 0x0000
CAN0IF1DB1H 0xDB CAN0IF1DB1L 0xDA CAN0IF1DB1 0x0000
CAN0IF1DB2H 0xDD CAN0IF1DB2L 0xDC CAN0IF1DB2 0x0000
CAN0IF2CRH 0xDF CAN0IF2CRL 0xDE CAN0IF2CR 0x0001
CAN0IF2CMH 0xE3 CAN0IF2CML 0xE2 CAN0IF2CM 0x0000
CAN0IF2M1H 0xEB CAN0IF2M1L 0xEA CAN0IF2M1 0xFFFF
CAN0IF2M2H 0xED CAN0IF2M2L 0xEC CAN0IF2M2 0xFFFF
CAN0IF2A1H 0xEF CAN0IF2A1L 0xEE CAN0IF2A1 0x0000
CAN0IF2A2H 0xF3 CAN0IF2A2L 0xF2 CAN0IF2A2 0x0000
CAN0IF2MCH 0xCF CAN0IF2MCL 0xCE CAN0IF2MC 0x0000
CAN0IF2DA1H 0xF7 CAN0IF2DA1L 0xF6 CAN0IF2DA1 0x0000
0x16 IF1 Mask 2
0x18 IF1 Arbitration 1
0x1A IF1 Arbitration 2
0x1C IF1 Message Control
0x1E IF1 Data A 1
0x20 IF1 Data A 2
0x22 IF1 Data B 1
0x24 IF1 Data B 2
0x40 IF2 Command Request
0x42 IF2 Command Mask
0x44 IF2 Mask 1
0x46 IF2 Mask 2
0x48 IF2 Arbitration 1
0x4A IF2 Arbitration 2
0x4C IF2 Message Control
0x4E IF2 Data A 1
Notes:
1. Read-only register.
2. Write-enabled by CCE.
3. The reset value of CAN0TST could also be r0000000b, where r signifies the value of the CAN RX pin.
4. Write-enabled by Test.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
Table 22.2. Standard CAN Registers and Reset Values (Continued)
CAN
Name
SFR Name
(High)
SFR
SFR Name
(Low)
SFR
16-bit
SFR
Reset
Value
Addr.
Addr.
Addr.
0x50 IF2 Data A 2
0x52 IF2 Data B 1
0x54 IF2 Data B 2
CAN0IF2DA2H 0xFB CAN0IF2DA2L 0xFA CAN0IF2DA2 0x0000
CAN0IF2DB1H 0xFD CAN0IF2DB1L 0xFC CAN0IF2DB1 0x0000
CAN0IF2DB2H 0xFF CAN0IF2DB2L 0xFE CAN0IF2DB2 0x0000
0x80 Transmission Request 11 CAN0TR1H
0x82 Transmission Request 21 CAN0TR2H
0xA3
0xA5
CAN0TR1L
CAN0TR2L
0xA2
0xA4
CAN0TR1 0x0000
CAN0TR2 0x0000
0x90 New Data 11
0x92 New Data 21
CAN0ND1H 0xAB CAN0ND1L 0xAA CAN0ND1 0x0000
CAN0ND2H 0xAD CAN0ND2L 0xAC CAN0ND2 0x0000
0xA0 Interrupt Pending 11
0xA2 Interrupt Pending 2 1
0xB0 Message Valid 11
0xB2 Message Valid 21
CAN0IP1H
CAN0IP2H
0xAF
0xB3
CAN0IP1L
CAN0IP2L
0xAE
0xB2
CAN0IP1
CAN0IP2
0x0000
0x0000
CAN0MV1H 0xBB CAN0MV1L 0xBA CAN0MV1 0x0000
CAN0MV2H 0xBD CAN0MV2L 0xBC CAN0MV2 0x0000
Notes:
1. Read-only register.
2. Write-enabled by CCE.
3. The reset value of CAN0TST could also be r0000000b, where r signifies the value of the CAN RX pin.
4. Write-enabled by Test.
224
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SFR Definition 22.1. CAN0CFG: CAN Clock Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name Unused
Unused
Unused
Unused
Unused
Unused
SYSDIV[1:0]
R/W
Type
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
Reset
0
0
SFR Address = 0x92; SFR Page = 0x0C
Bit
Name
Function
7:2
Unused
Read = 000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
1:0 SYSDIV[1:0] CAN System Clock Divider Bits.
The CAN controller clock is derived from the CIP-51 system clock. The CAN control-
ler clock must be less than or equal to 25 MHz.
00: CAN controller clock = System Clock/1.
01: CAN controller clock = System Clock/2.
10: CAN controller clock = System Clock/4.
11: CAN controller clock = System Clock/8.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
23. SMBus
The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System
Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus. Reads and writes to
the interface by the system controller are byte oriented with the SMBus interface autonomously controlling
the serial transfer of the data. Data can be transferred at up to 1/20th of the system clock as a master or
slave (this can be faster than allowed by the SMBus specification, depending on the system clock used). A
method of extending the clock-low duration is available to accommodate devices with different speed
capabilities on the same bus.
The SMBus interface may operate as a master and/or slave, and may function on a bus with multiple mas-
ters. The SMBus provides control of SDA (serial data), SCL (serial clock) generation and synchronization,
arbitration logic, and START/STOP control and generation. A block diagram of the SMBus peripheral and
the associated SFRs is shown in Figure 23.1.
SMB0CN
SMB0CF
M T S S A A A S
E
I
B E S S S S
A X T T C R C
S M A O K B K
I
N N U X M M M M
S H S T B B B B
T O
E D
R E
R L
Q O
S
M
B
Y H T F C C
O O T S S
L E E 1 0
D
T
00
01
10
11
T0 Overflow
T1 Overflow
TMR2H Overflow
TMR2L Overflow
SCL
SMBUS CONTROL LOGIC
Arbitration
FILTER
Interrupt
Request
SCL Synchronization
SCL Generation (Master Mode)
SDA Control
SCL
Control
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
N
IRQ Generation
Port I/O
Data Path
Control
SDA
Control
SMB0DAT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SDA
FILTER
N
Figure 23.1. SMBus Block Diagram
226
Rev. 1.1
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23.1. Supporting Documents
It is assumed the reader is familiar with or has access to the following supporting documents:
1. The I2C-Bus and How to Use It (including specifications), Philips Semiconductor.
2. The I2C-Bus Specification—Version 2.0, Philips Semiconductor.
3. System Management Bus Specification—Version 1.1, SBS Implementers Forum.
23.2. SMBus Configuration
Figure 23.2 shows a typical SMBus configuration. The SMBus specification allows any recessive voltage
between 3.0 V and 5.0 V; different devices on the bus may operate at different voltage levels. The bi-direc-
tional SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) lines must be connected to a positive power supply voltage
through a pullup resistor or similar circuit. Every device connected to the bus must have an open-drain or
open-collector output for both the SCL and SDA lines, so that both are pulled high (recessive state) when
the bus is free. The maximum number of devices on the bus is limited only by the requirement that the rise
and fall times on the bus not exceed 300 ns and 1000 ns, respectively.
VIO = 5 V
VIO = 3 V
VIO = 5 V
VIO = 3 V
Master
Device
Slave
Device 1
Slave
Device 2
SDA
SCL
Figure 23.2. Typical SMBus Configuration
23.3. SMBus Operation
Two types of data transfers are possible: data transfers from a master transmitter to an addressed slave
receiver (WRITE), and data transfers from an addressed slave transmitter to a master receiver (READ).
The master device initiates both types of data transfers and provides the serial clock pulses on SCL. The
SMBus interface may operate as a master or a slave, and multiple master devices on the same bus are
supported. If two or more masters attempt to initiate a data transfer simultaneously, an arbitration scheme
is employed with a single master always winning the arbitration. It is not necessary to specify one device
as the Master in a system; any device who transmits a START and a slave address becomes the master
for the duration of that transfer.
A typical SMBus transaction consists of a START condition followed by an address byte (Bits7–1: 7-bit
slave address; Bit0: R/W direction bit), one or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Bytes that are
received (by a master or slave) are acknowledged (ACK) with a low SDA during a high SCL (see
Figure 23.3). If the receiving device does not ACK, the transmitting device will read a NACK (not acknowl-
edge), which is a high SDA during a high SCL.
The direction bit (R/W) occupies the least-significant bit position of the address byte. The direction bit is set
to logic 1 to indicate a "READ" operation and cleared to logic 0 to indicate a "WRITE" operation.
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All transactions are initiated by a master, with one or more addressed slave devices as the target. The
master generates the START condition and then transmits the slave address and direction bit. If the trans-
action is a WRITE operation from the master to the slave, the master transmits the data a byte at a time
waiting for an ACK from the slave at the end of each byte. For READ operations, the slave transmits the
data waiting for an ACK from the master at the end of each byte. At the end of the data transfer, the master
generates a STOP condition to terminate the transaction and free the bus. Figure 23.3 illustrates a typical
SMBus transaction.
SCL
SDA
SLA6
SLA5-0
R/W
D7
D6-0
START
Slave Address + R/W
ACK
Data Byte
NACK
STOP
Figure 23.3. SMBus Transaction
23.3.1. Transmitter vs. Receiver
On the SMBus communications interface, a device is the “transmitter” when it is sending an address or
data byte to another device on the bus. A device is a “receiver” when an address or data byte is being sent
to it from another device on the bus. The transmitter controls the SDA line during the address or data byte.
After each byte of address or data information is sent by the transmitter, the receiver sends an ACK or
NACK bit during the ACK phase of the transfer, during which time the receiver controls the SDA line.
23.3.2. Arbitration
A master may start a transfer only if the bus is free. The bus is free after a STOP condition or after the SCL
and SDA lines remain high for a specified time (see Section “23.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout” on
page 229). In the event that two or more devices attempt to begin a transfer at the same time, an arbitra-
tion scheme is employed to force one master to give up the bus. The master devices continue transmitting
until one attempts a HIGH while the other transmits a LOW. Since the bus is open-drain, the bus will be
pulled LOW. The master attempting the HIGH will detect a LOW SDA and lose the arbitration. The winning
master continues its transmission without interruption; the losing master becomes a slave and receives the
rest of the transfer if addressed. This arbitration scheme is non-destructive: one device always wins, and
no data is lost.
23.3.3. Clock Low Extension
SMBus provides a clock synchronization mechanism, similar to I2C, which allows devices with different
speed capabilities to coexist on the bus. A clock-low extension is used during a transfer in order to allow
slower slave devices to communicate with faster masters. The slave may temporarily hold the SCL line
LOW to extend the clock low period, effectively decreasing the serial clock frequency.
23.3.4. SCL Low Timeout
If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is possible. Furthermore,
the master cannot force the SCL line high to correct the error condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus
protocol specifies that devices participating in a transfer must detect any clock cycle held low longer than
25 ms as a “timeout” condition. Devices that have detected the timeout condition must reset the communi-
cation no later than 10 ms after detecting the timeout condition.
When the SMBTOE bit in SMB0CF is set, Timer 3 is used to detect SCL low timeouts. Timer 3 is forced to
reload when SCL is high, and allowed to count when SCL is low. With Timer 3 enabled and configured to
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overflow after 25 ms (and SMBTOE set), the Timer 3 interrupt service routine can be used to reset (disable
and re-enable) the SMBus in the event of an SCL low timeout.
23.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout
The SMBus specification stipulates that if the SCL and SDA lines remain high for more that 50 µs, the bus
is designated as free. When the SMBFTE bit in SMB0CF is set, the bus will be considered free if SCL and
SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (as defined by the timer configured for the
SMBus clock source). If the SMBus is waiting to generate a Master START, the START will be generated
following this timeout. Note that a clock source is required for free timeout detection, even in a slave-only
implementation.
23.4. Using the SMBus
The SMBus can operate in both Master and Slave modes. The interface provides timing and shifting con-
trol for serial transfers; higher level protocol is determined by user software. The SMBus interface provides
the following application-independent features:
Byte-wise serial data transfers
Clock signal generation on SCL (Master Mode only) and SDA data synchronization
Timeout/bus error recognition, as defined by the SMB0CF configuration register
START/STOP timing, detection, and generation
Bus arbitration
Interrupt generation
Status information
SMBus interrupts are generated for each data byte or slave address that is transferred. The point at which
the interrupt is generated depends on whether the hardware is acting as a data transmitter or receiver.
When a transmitter (i.e. sending address/data, receiving an ACK), this interrupt is generated after the ACK
cycle so that software may read the received ACK value; when receiving data (i.e. receiving address/data,
sending an ACK), this interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle so that software may define the outgo-
ing ACK value. See Section 23.5 for more details on transmission sequences.
Interrupts are also generated to indicate the beginning of a transfer when a master (START generated), or
the end of a transfer when a slave (STOP detected). Software should read the SMB0CN (SMBus Control
register) to find the cause of the SMBus interrupt. The SMB0CN register is described in Section 23.4.2;
Table 23.4 provides a quick SMB0CN decoding reference.
23.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register
The SMBus Configuration register (SMB0CF) is used to enable the SMBus Master and/or Slave modes,
select the SMBus clock source, and select the SMBus timing and timeout options. When the ENSMB bit is
set, the SMBus is enabled for all master and slave events. Slave events may be disabled by setting the
INH bit. With slave events inhibited, the SMBus interface will still monitor the SCL and SDA pins; however,
the interface will NACK all received addresses and will not generate any slave interrupts. When the INH bit
is set, all slave events will be inhibited following the next START (interrupts will continue for the duration of
the current transfer).
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Table 23.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection
SMBCS1 SMBCS0 SMBus Clock Source
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Timer 0 Overflow
Timer 1 Overflow
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow
The SMBCS1–0 bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used only when operating as a master or
when the Free Timeout detection is enabled. When operating as a master, overflows from the selected
source determine the absolute minimum SCL low and high times as defined in Equation 23.1. Note that the
selected clock source may be shared by other peripherals so long as the timer is left running at all times.
For example, Timer 1 overflows may generate the SMBus and UART baud rates simultaneously. Timer
configuration is covered in Section “26. Timers” on page 265.
1
THighMin = TLowMin = -------------------------------------------------
fClockSourceOverflow
Equation 23.1. Minimum SCL High and Low Times
The selected clock source should be configured to establish the minimum SCL High and Low times as per
Equation 23.1. When the interface is operating as a master (and SCL is not driven or extended by any
other devices on the bus), the typical SMBus bit rate is approximated by Equation 23.2.
fClockSourceOverflow
BitRate = -------------------------------------------------
3
Equation 23.2. Typical SMBus Bit Rate
Figure 23.4 shows the typical SCL generation described by Equation 23.2. Notice that THIGH is typically
twice as large as TLOW. The actual SCL output may vary due to other devices on the bus (SCL may be
extended low by slower slave devices, or driven low by contending master devices). The bit rate when
operating as a master will never exceed the limits defined by equation Equation 23.1.
Timer Source
Overflows
SCL
TLow
THigh
SCL High Timeout
Figure 23.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation
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Setting the EXTHOLD bit extends the minimum setup and hold times for the SDA line. The minimum SDA
setup time defines the absolute minimum time that SDA is stable before SCL transitions from low-to-high.
The minimum SDA hold time defines the absolute minimum time that the current SDA value remains stable
after SCL transitions from high-to-low. EXTHOLD should be set so that the minimum setup and hold times
meet the SMBus Specification requirements of 250 ns and 300 ns, respectively. Table 23.2 shows the min-
imum setup and hold times for the two EXTHOLD settings. Setup and hold time extensions are typically
necessary when SYSCLK is above 10 MHz.
Table 23.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times
EXTHOLD
Minimum SDA Setup Time
Minimum SDA Hold Time
0
Tlow – 4 system clocks
or
1 system clock + s/w delay*
11 system clocks
3 system clocks
1
12 system clocks
*Note: Setup Time for ACK bit transmissions and the MSB of all data transfers. When using
software acknowledgement, the s/w delay occurs between the time SMB0DAT or
ACK is written and when SI is cleared. Note that if SI is cleared in the same write
that defines the outgoing ACK value, s/w delay is zero.
With the SMBTOE bit set, Timer 3 should be configured to overflow after 25 ms in order to detect SCL low
timeouts (see Section “23.3.4. SCL Low Timeout” on page 228). The SMBus interface will force Timer 3 to
reload while SCL is high, and allow Timer 3 to count when SCL is low. The Timer 3 interrupt service routine
should be used to reset SMBus communication by disabling and re-enabling the SMBus.
SMBus Free Timeout detection can be enabled by setting the SMBFTE bit. When this bit is set, the bus will
be considered free if SDA and SCL remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (see
Figure 23.4).
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SFR Definition 23.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ENSMB
INH
BUSY
EXTHOLD SMBTOE SMBFTE
SMBCS[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
ENSMB
SMBus Enable.
This bit enables the SMBus interface when set to 1. When enabled, the interface
constantly monitors the SDA and SCL pins.
6
INH
SMBus Slave Inhibit.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the SMBus does not generate an interrupt when slave
events occur. This effectively removes the SMBus slave from the bus. Master Mode
interrupts are not affected.
5
4
BUSY
SMBus Busy Indicator.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a transfer is in progress. It is cleared to
logic 0 when a STOP or free-timeout is sensed.
EXTHOLD SMBus Setup and Hold Time Extension Enable.
This bit controls the SDA setup and hold times according to Table 23.2.
0: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times disabled.
1: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times enabled.
3
SMBTOE SMBus SCL Timeout Detection Enable.
This bit enables SCL low timeout detection. If set to logic 1, the SMBus forces
Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high and allows Timer 3 to count when SCL goes low.
If Timer 3 is configured to Split Mode, only the High Byte of the timer is held in reload
while SCL is high. Timer 3 should be programmed to generate interrupts at 25 ms,
and the Timer 3 interrupt service routine should reset SMBus communication.
2
SMBFTE SMBus Free Timeout Detection Enable.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain
high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods.
1:0 SMBCS[1:0] SMBus Clock Source Selection.
These two bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used to generate the SMBus
bit rate. The selected device should be configured according to Equation 23.1.
00: Timer 0 Overflow
01: Timer 1 Overflow
10:Timer 2 High Byte Overflow
11: Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow
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23.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register
SMB0CN is used to control the interface and to provide status information (see SFR Definition 23.2). The
higher four bits of SMB0CN (MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO) form a status vector that can be used to
jump to service routines. MASTER indicates whether a device is the master or slave during the current
transfer. TXMODE indicates whether the device is transmitting or receiving data for the current byte.
STA and STO indicate that a START and/or STOP has been detected or generated since the last SMBus
interrupt. STA and STO are also used to generate START and STOP conditions when operating as a mas-
ter. Writing a 1 to STA will cause the SMBus interface to enter Master Mode and generate a START when
the bus becomes free (STA is not cleared by hardware after the START is generated). Writing a 1 to STO
while in Master Mode will cause the interface to generate a STOP and end the current transfer after the
next ACK cycle. If STO and STA are both set (while in Master Mode), a STOP followed by a START will be
generated.
As a receiver, writing the ACK bit defines the outgoing ACK value; as a transmitter, reading the ACK bit
indicates the value received during the last ACK cycle. ACKRQ is set each time a byte is received, indicat-
ing that an outgoing ACK value is needed. When ACKRQ is set, software should write the desired outgoing
value to the ACK bit before clearing SI. A NACK will be generated if software does not write the ACK bit
before clearing SI. SDA will reflect the defined ACK value immediately following a write to the ACK bit;
however SCL will remain low until SI is cleared. If a received slave address is not acknowledged, further
slave events will be ignored until the next START is detected.
The ARBLOST bit indicates that the interface has lost an arbitration. This may occur anytime the interface
is transmitting (master or slave). A lost arbitration while operating as a slave indicates a bus error condi-
tion. ARBLOST is cleared by hardware each time SI is cleared.
The SI bit (SMBus Interrupt Flag) is set at the beginning and end of each transfer, after each byte frame, or
when an arbitration is lost; see Table 23.3 for more details.
Important Note About the SI Bit: The SMBus interface is stalled while SI is set; thus SCL is held low, and
the bus is stalled until software clears SI.
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SFR Definition 23.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MASTER TXMODE
STA
STO
ACKRQ ARBLOST
ACK
SI
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xC0; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page =0x00
Bit
Name
Description
Read
Write
7
MASTER SMBus Master/Slave
Indicator. This read-only bit
0: SMBus operating in
slave mode.
N/A
N/A
indicates when the SMBus is 1: SMBus operating in
operating as a master.
master mode.
6
5
4
TXMODE SMBus Transmit Mode
Indicator. This read-only bit
0: SMBus in Receiver
Mode.
indicates when the SMBus is 1: SMBus in Transmitter
operating as a transmitter.
Mode.
STA
STO
SMBus Start Flag.
0: No Start or repeated
Start detected.
1: Start or repeated Start
detected.
0: No Start generated.
1: When Configured as a
Master, initiates a START
or repeated START.
SMBus Stop Flag.
0: No Stop condition
detected.
0: No STOP condition is
transmitted.
1: Stop condition detected 1: When configured as a
(if in Slave Mode) or pend- Master, causes a STOP
ing (if in Master Mode).
condition to be transmit-
ted after the next ACK
cycle.
Cleared by Hardware.
3
2
1
0
ACKRQ SMBus Acknowledge
0: No Ack requested
1: ACK requested
N/A
N/A
Request.
ARBLOST SMBus Arbitration Lost
0: No arbitration error.
1: Arbitration Lost
Indicator.
ACK
SI
SMBus Acknowledge.
0: NACK received.
1: ACK received.
0: Send NACK
1: Send ACK
SMBus Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set by hardware
under the conditions listed in
Table 15.3. SI must be cleared
by software. While SI is set,
SCL is held low and the
SMBus is stalled.
0: No interrupt pending
1: Interrupt Pending
0: Clear interrupt, and initi-
ate next state machine
event.
1: Force interrupt.
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Table 23.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN
Bit
Set by Hardware When:
Cleared by Hardware When:
MASTER
A START is generated.
A STOP is generated.
Arbitration is lost.
TXMODE
START is generated.
A START is detected.
Arbitration is lost.
SMB0DAT is written before the start of an
SMBus frame.
SMB0DAT is not written before the
start of an SMBus frame.
STA
STO
A START followed by an address byte is
Must be cleared by software.
received.
A STOP is detected while addressed as a
A pending STOP is generated.
slave.
Arbitration is lost due to a detected STOP.
A byte has been received and an ACK
response value is needed.
A repeated START is detected as a
MASTER when STA is low (unwanted
repeated START).
ACKRQ
After each ACK cycle.
Each time SI is cleared.
ARBLOST
SCL is sensed low while attempting to
generate a STOP or repeated START
condition.
SDA is sensed low while transmitting a 1
(excluding ACK bits).
ACK
SI
The incoming ACK value is low
(ACKNOWLEDGE).
A START has been generated.
The incoming ACK value is high
(NOT ACKNOWLEDGE).
Must be cleared by software.
Lost arbitration.
A byte has been transmitted and an
ACK/NACK received.
A byte has been received.
A START or repeated START followed by a
slave address + R/W has been received.
A STOP has been received.
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23.4.3. Data Register
The SMBus Data register SMB0DAT holds a byte of serial data to be transmitted or one that has just been
received. Software may safely read or write to the data register when the SI flag is set. Software should not
attempt to access the SMB0DAT register when the SMBus is enabled and the SI flag is cleared to logic 0,
as the interface may be in the process of shifting a byte of data into or out of the register.
Data in SMB0DAT is always shifted out MSB first. After a byte has been received, the first bit of received
data is located at the MSB of SMB0DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously
being shifted in. SMB0DAT always contains the last data byte present on the bus. In the event of lost arbi-
tration, the transition from master transmitter to slave receiver is made with the correct data or address in
SMB0DAT.
SFR Definition 23.3. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SMB0DAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC2; SMB0DAT = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 SMB0DAT[7:0] SMBus Data.
Function
The SMB0DAT register contains a byte of data to be transmitted on the SMBus
serial interface or a byte that has just been received on the SMBus serial interface.
The CPU can read from or write to this register whenever the SI serial interrupt flag
(SMB0CN.0) is set to logic 1. The serial data in the register remains stable as long
as the SI flag is set. When the SI flag is not set, the system may be in the process
of shifting data in/out and the CPU should not attempt to access this register.
23.5. SMBus Transfer Modes
The SMBus interface may be configured to operate as master and/or slave. At any particular time, it will be
operating in one of the following four modes: Master Transmitter, Master Receiver, Slave Transmitter, or
Slave Receiver. The SMBus interface enters Master Mode any time a START is generated, and remains in
Master Mode until it loses an arbitration or generates a STOP. An SMBus interrupt is generated at the end
of all SMBus byte frames. As a receiver, the interrupt for an ACK occurs before the ACK. As a transmitter,
interrupts occur after the ACK.
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23.5.1. Write Sequence (Master)
During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The master in this transfer will be
a transmitter during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. The SMBus interface gener-
ates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the
data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0 (WRITE). The master then trans-
mits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is generated by
the slave. The transfer is ended when the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface
will switch to Master Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Master Transmitter interrupt.
Figure 23.5 shows a typical master write sequence. Two transmit data bytes are shown, though any num-
ber of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that all of the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the ACK
cycle in this mode.
S
SLA
W A
Data Byte
Interrupts
A
Data Byte
A
P
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
Received by SMBus
Interface
W = WRITE
Transmitted by
SLA = Slave Address
SMBus Interface
Figure 23.5. Typical Master Write Sequence
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23.5.2. Read Sequence (Master)
During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The master in this transfer will
be a transmitter during the address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. The SMBus interface gener-
ates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the
data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 1 (READ). Serial data is then
received from the slave on SDA while the SMBus outputs the serial clock. The slave transmits one or more
bytes of serial data. An interrupt is generated after each received byte.
Software must write the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte. Writing a 1 to the ACK bit
generates an ACK; writing a 0 generates a NACK. Software should write a 0 to the ACK bit for the last data
transfer, to transmit a NACK. The interface exits Master Receiver Mode after the STO bit is set and a
STOP is generated. The interface will switch to Master Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an
active Master Receiver. Figure 23.6 shows a typical master read sequence. Two received data bytes are
shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts
occur before the ACK cycle in this mode.
S
SLA
R
A
DataByte
Interrupts
A
DataByte
N
P
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
Received by SMBus
Interface
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Figure 23.6. Typical Master Read Sequence
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23.5.3. Write Sequence (Slave)
During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The slave in this transfer will be
a receiver during the address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. When slave events are enabled
(INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode when a START followed by a slave address and direc-
tion bit (WRITE in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated
and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignore
the received slave address with a NACK.
If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected.
If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are received. Software must write
the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte.
The interface exits Slave Receiver Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to Slave
Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Slave Receiver. Figure 23.7 shows a typical slave
write sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice
that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur before the ACK in this mode.
S
SLA
W A
DataByte
A
DataByte
A
P
Interrupts
S = START
Received by SMBus
Interface
P = STOP
A = ACK
W = WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Figure 23.7. Typical Slave Write Sequence
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23.5.4. Read Sequence (Slave)
During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The slave in this transfer will
be a receiver during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. When slave events are
enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode (to receive the slave address) when a START
followed by a slave address and direction bit (READ in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave
Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the
received slave address with an ACK, or ignore the received slave address with a NACK. The interrupt will
occur after the ACK cycle.
If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected.
If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are transmitted. If the received
slave address is acknowledged, data should be written to SMB0DAT to be transmitted. The interface
enters Slave Transmitter Mode, and transmits one or more bytes of data. After each byte is transmitted, the
master sends an acknowledge bit; if the acknowledge bit is an ACK, SMB0DAT should be written with the
next data byte. If the acknowledge bit is a NACK, SMB0DAT should not be written to before SI is cleared
(Note: an error condition may be generated if SMB0DAT is written following a received NACK while in
Slave Transmitter Mode). The interface exits Slave Transmitter Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the
interface will switch to Slave Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Slave Transmitter inter-
rupt. Figure 23.8 shows a typical slave read sequence. Two transmitted data bytes are shown, though any
number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that all of the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the
ACK cycle in this mode.
S
SLA
R A
DataByte
A
DataByte
N P
Interrupts
S = START
Received by SMBus
Interface
P = STOP
N = NACK
R = READ
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
SLA = Slave Address
Figure 23.8. Typical Slave Read Sequence
23.6. SMBus Status Decoding
The current SMBus status can be easily decoded using the SMB0CN register. In the tables, STATUS
VECTOR refers to the four upper bits of SMB0CN: MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO. The shown
response options are only the typical responses; application-specific procedures are allowed as long as
they conform to the SMBus specification. Highlighted responses are allowed by hardware but do not con-
form to the SMBus specification.
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Table 23.4. SMBus Status Decoding
Values Read
Current SMbus State
Typical Response Options
Values to
Write
1110
1100
0
0
0
0
X A master START was gener- Load slave address + R/W into
ated. SMB0DAT.
0
0
X
1100
0
A master data or address byte Set STA to restart transfer.
1
0
0
1
X
X
1110
—
was transmitted; NACK
received.
Abort transfer.
0
0
1
A master data or address byte Load next data byte into
0
0
X
1100
was transmitted; ACK
received.
SMB0DAT.
End transfer with STOP.
0
1
1
X
X
—
—
End transfer with STOP and start 1
another transfer.
Send repeated START.
1
0
0
0
X
X
1110
1000
Switch to Master Receiver Mode
(clear SI without writing new data
to SMB0DAT).
1000
1
0
X A master data byte was
received; ACK requested.
Acknowledge received byte;
Read SMB0DAT.
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1000
—
Send NACK to indicate last byte, 0
and send STOP.
Send NACK to indicate last byte, 1
and send STOP followed by
START.
1110
Send ACK followed by repeated
START.
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1110
1110
1100
Send NACK to indicate last byte, 1
and send repeated START.
Send ACK and switch to Master
Transmitter Mode (write to
0
SMB0DAT before clearing SI).
Send NACK and switch to Mas-
ter Transmitter Mode (write to
SMB0DAT before clearing SI).
0
0
0
1100
Rev. 1.1
241
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 23.4. SMBus Status Decoding
Values Read
Current SMbus State
Typical Response Options
Valuesto
Write
0100
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
A slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting
NACK received. STOP condition).
A slave byte was transmitted; Load SMB0DAT with next data
ACK received. byte to transmit.
X A Slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting
error detected. Master to end transfer).
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
0001
0100
0001
—
1
0101
0010
X X An illegal STOP or bus error Clear STO.
was detected while a Slave
Transmission was in progress.
1
0
1
X A slave address + R/W was
received; ACK requested.
If Write, Acknowledge received
address
0
0
0
0
1
1
0000
0100
If Read, Load SMB0DAT with
data byte; ACK received address
NACK received address.
0
0
0
0
0
1
—
1
X Lost arbitration as master;
If Write, Acknowledge received
0000
slave address + R/W received; address
ACK requested.
If Read, Load SMB0DAT with
0
0
1
0100
data byte; ACK received address
NACK received address.
0
1
0
0
0
0
—
Reschedule failed transfer;
NACK received address.
1110
0001
0000
0
0
X A STOP was detected while
addressed as a Slave Trans-
mitter or Slave Receiver.
Clear STO.
0
0
X
—
1
1
1
0
X Lost arbitration while attempt- No action required (transfer
0
0
0
0
0
1
—
ing a STOP.
complete/aborted).
X A slave byte was received;
ACK requested.
Acknowledge received byte;
Read SMB0DAT.
0000
NACK received byte.
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
0
—
—
0010
0001
0000
0
0
1
1
1
1
X Lost arbitration while attempt- Abort failed transfer.
ing a repeated START.
Reschedule failed transfer.
1110
—
X Lost arbitration due to a
detected STOP.
Abort failed transfer.
Reschedule failed transfer.
1110
—
X Lost arbitration while transmit- Abort failed transfer.
ting a data byte as master.
Reschedule failed transfer.
0
1110
242
Rev. 1.1
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24. UART0
UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering a variety of data formatting options. A dedicated
baud rate generator with a 16-bit timer and selectable prescaler is included, which can generate a wide
range of baud rates (details in Section “24.1. Baud Rate Generator” on page 243). A received data FIFO
allows UART0 to receive up to three data bytes before data is lost and an overflow occurs.
UART0 has six associated SFRs. Three are used for the Baud Rate Generator (SBCON0, SBRLH0, and
SBRLL0), two are used for data formatting, control, and status functions (SCON0, SMOD0), and one is
used to send and receive data (SBUF0). The single SBUF0 location provides access to both transmit and
receive registers. Writes to SBUF0 always access the Transmit register. Reads of SBUF0 always
access the buffered Receive register; it is not possible to read data from the Transmit register.
With UART0 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI0 is set in
SCON0), or a data byte has been received (RI0 is set in SCON0). The UART0 interrupt flags are not
cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. They must be cleared manually
by software, allowing software to determine the cause of the UART0 interrupt (transmit complete or receive
complete). If additional bytes are available in the Receive FIFO, the RI0 bit cannot be cleared by software.
TX
Logic
Data Formatting
TX0
Baud Rate Generator
SMOD0
SBRLH0 SBRLL0
Overflow
TX Holding
Register
Pre-Scaler
(1, 4, 12, 48)
SYSCLK
Timer (16-bit)
EN
Write to SBUF0
Read of SBUF0
SBUF0
Control / Status
SCON0
RX FIFO
(3 Deep)
SBCON0
RX
RX0
Logic
UART0
Interrupt
Figure 24.1. UART0 Block Diagram
24.1. Baud Rate Generator
The UART0 baud rate is generated by a dedicated 16-bit timer which runs from the controller’s core clock
(SYSCLK) and has prescaler options of 1, 4, 12, or 48. The timer and prescaler options combined allow for
a wide selection of baud rates over many clock frequencies.
The baud rate generator is configured using three registers: SBCON0, SBRLH0, and SBRLL0. The
UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control Register (SBCON0, SFR Definition 24.4) enables or disables the
baud rate generator, selects the clock source for the baud rate generator, and selects the prescaler value
for the timer. The baud rate generator must be enabled for UART0 to function. Registers SBRLH0 and
SBRLL0 contain a 16-bit reload value for the dedicated 16-bit timer. The internal timer counts up from the
reload value on every clock tick. On timer overflows (0xFFFF to 0x0000), the timer is reloaded. The baud
rate for UART0 is defined in Equation 24.1, where “BRG Clock” is the baud rate generator’s selected clock
source. For reliable UART operation, it is recommended that the UART baud rate is not configured for
baud rates faster than SYSCLK/16.
Rev. 1.1
243
C8051F50x-F51x
SYSCLK
1
2
1
Baud Rate = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ x -- x ------------------------
65536 – (SBRLH0:SBRLL0) Prescaler
Equation 24.1. UART0 Baud Rate
A quick reference for typical baud rates and clock frequencies is given in Table 24.1.
Table 24.1. Baud Rate Generator Settings for Standard Baud Rates
Target Baud Actual Baud Baud Rate
Oscillator
Divide
SB0PS[1:0]
Reload Value in
SBRLH0:SBRLL0
Rate (bps)
Rate (bps)
Error
(Prescaler Bits)
Factor
230400
115200
57600
28800
14400
9600
230769
115385
57554
28812
14397
9600
0.16%
0.16%
0.08%
0.04%
0.02%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.16%
0.16%
0.16%
0.08%
0.04%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.16%
0.16%
0.16%
0.16%
0.08%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
208
416
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
0xFF98
0xFF30
0xFE5F
0xFCBF
0xF97D
0xF63C
0xD8F0
0xB1E0
0xFFCC
0xFF98
0xFF30
0xFE5F
0xFCBF
0xFB1E
0xEC78
0xD8F0
0xFFE6
0xFFCC
0xFF98
0xFF30
0xFE5F
0xFD8F
0xF63C
0xEC78
834
1666
3334
5000
20000
40000
104
2400
2400
1200
1200
230400
115200
57600
28800
14400
9600
230769
115385
57692
28777
14406
9600
208
416
834
1666
2500
10000
20000
52
2400
2400
1200
1200
230400
115200
57600
28800
14400
9600
230769
115385
57692
28846
14388
9600
104
208
416
834
1250
5000
10000
2400
2400
1200
1200
244
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
24.2. Data Format
UART0 has a number of available options for data formatting. Data transfers begin with a start bit (logic
low), followed by the data bits (sent LSB-first), a parity or extra bit (if selected), and end with one or two
stop bits (logic high). The data length is variable between 5 and 8 bits. A parity bit can be appended to the
data, and automatically generated and detected by hardware for even, odd, mark, or space parity. The stop
bit length is selectable between 1 and 2 bit times, and a multi-processor communication mode is available
for implementing networked UART buses. All of the data formatting options can be configured using the
SMOD0 register, shown in SFR Definition 24.2. Figure 24.2 shows the timing for a UART0 transaction
without parity or an extra bit enabled. Figure 24.3 shows the timing for a UART0 transaction with parity
enabled (PE0 = 1). Figure 24.4 is an example of a UART0 transaction when the extra bit is enabled
(XBE0 = 1). Note that the extra bit feature is not available when parity is enabled, and the second stop bit
is only an option for data lengths of 6, 7, or 8 bits.
MARK
START
BIT
STOP
BIT 1
STOP
BIT 2
D0
D1
DN-2
DN-1
SPACE
BIT TIMES
Optional
(6,7,8 bit
Data)
N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8
Figure 24.2. UART0 Timing Without Parity or Extra Bit
MARK
SPACE
BIT TIMES
START
BIT
STOP
BIT 1
STOP
BIT 2
D0
D1
DN-2
DN-1
PARITY
Optional
(6,7,8 bit
Data)
N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8
Figure 24.3. UART0 Timing With Parity
MARK
START
BIT
STOP
BIT 1
STOP
BIT 2
D0
D1
DN-2
DN-1
EXTRA
SPACE
BIT TIMES
Optional
(6,7,8 bit
Data)
N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8
Figure 24.4. UART0 Timing With Extra Bit
Rev. 1.1
245
C8051F50x-F51x
24.3. Configuration and Operation
UART0 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. It can operate in a point-to-point
serial communications application, or as a node on a multi-processor serial interface. To operate in a point-
to-point application, where there are only two devices on the serial bus, the MCE0 bit in SMOD0 should be
cleared to 0. For operation as part of a multi-processor communications bus, the MCE0 and XBE0 bits
should both be set to 1. In both types of applications, data is transmitted from the microcontroller on the
TX0 pin, and received on the RX0 pin. The TX0 and RX0 pins are configured using the crossbar and the
Port I/O registers, as detailed in Section “20. Port Input/Output” on page 177.
In typical UART communications, The transmit (TX) output of one device is connected to the receive (RX)
input of the other device, either directly or through a bus transceiver, as shown in Figure 24.5.
TX
CP2102
PC
USB Port
USB
USB-to-UART
C8051Fxxx
RX
Bridge
OR
TX
RX
TX
RX
MCU
C8051Fxxx
Figure 24.5. Typical UART Interconnect Diagram
24.3.1. Data Transmission
Data transmission begins when software writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Inter-
rupt Flag (SCON0.1) will be set at the end of any transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). If
enabled, an interrupt will occur when TI0 is set.
If the extra bit function is enabled (XBE0 = 1) and the parity function is disabled (PE0 = 0), the value of the
TBX0 (SCON0.3) bit will be sent in the extra bit position. When the parity function is enabled (PE0 = 1),
hardware will generate the parity bit according to the selected parity type (selected with S0PT[1:0]), and
append it to the data field. Note: when parity is enabled, the extra bit function is not available.
24.3.2. Data Reception
Data reception can begin any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to logic 1. After the
stop bit is received, the data byte will be stored in the receive FIFO if the following conditions are met: the
receive FIFO (3 bytes deep) must not be full, and the stop bit(s) must be logic 1. In the event that the
receive FIFO is full, the incoming byte will be lost, and a Receive FIFO Overrun Error will be generated
(OVR0 in register SCON0 will be set to logic 1). If the stop bit(s) were logic 0, the incoming data will not be
stored in the receive FIFO. If the reception conditions are met, the data is stored in the receive FIFO, and
the RI0 flag will be set. Note: when MCE0 = 1, RI0 will only be set if the extra bit was equal to 1. Data can
be read from the receive FIFO by reading the SBUF0 register. The SBUF0 register represents the oldest
byte in the FIFO. After SBUF0 is read, the next byte in the FIFO is immediately loaded into SBUF0, and
space is made available in the FIFO for another incoming byte. If enabled, an interrupt will occur when RI0
is set.RI0 can only be cleared to 0 by software when there is no more information in the FIFO. The recom-
mended procedure to empty the FIFO contents is:
1. Clear RI0 to 0.
2. Read SBUF0.
3. Check RI0, and repeat starting at step 1 if RI0 is set to 1.
246
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
If the extra bit function is enabled (XBE0 = 1) and the parity function is disabled (PE0 = 0), the extra bit for
the oldest byte in the FIFO can be read from the RBX0 bit (SCON0.2). If the extra bit function is not
enabled, the value of the stop bit for the oldest FIFO byte will be presented in RBX0. When the parity func-
tion is enabled (PE0 = 1), hardware will check the received parity bit against the selected parity type
(selected with S0PT[1:0]) when receiving data. If a byte with parity error is received, the PERR0 flag will be
set to 1. This flag must be cleared by software. Note: when parity is enabled, the extra bit function is not
available.
24.3.3. Multiprocessor Communications
UART0 supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave pro-
cessors by special use of the extra data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more
slaves, it first sends an address byte to select the target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that
its extra bit is logic 1; in a data byte, the extra bit is always set to logic 0.
Setting the MCE0 bit (SMOD0.7) of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is
received, the UART will generate an interrupt only if the extra bit is logic 1 (RBX0 = 1) signifying an
address byte has been received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received
address with the slave's own assigned address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE0 bit to
enable interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their
MCE0 bits set and do not generate interrupts on the reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring
the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed slave resets its MCE0 bit to ignore all trans-
missions until it receives the next address byte.
Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple
slaves, thereby enabling "broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master
processor can be configured to receive all transmissions or a protocol can be implemented such that the
master/slave role is temporarily reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between the original master
and slave(s).
Master
Device
Slave
Device
Slave
Device
Slave
Device
V+
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
Figure 24.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram
Rev. 1.1
247
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 24.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control
Bit
7
OVR0
R/W
0
6
PERR0
R/W
0
5
4
REN0
R/W
0
3
TBX0
R/W
0
2
RBX0
R/W
0
1
TI0
R/W
0
0
RI0
R/W
0
Name
Type
Reset
THRE0
R
1
SFR Address = 0x98; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
OVR0
Receive FIFO Overrun Flag.
0: Receive FIFO Overrun has not occurred
1: Receive FIFO Overrun has occurred; A received character has been discarded due
to a full FIFO.
6
PERR0 Parity Error Flag.
When parity is enabled, this bit indicates that a parity error has occurred. It is set to 1
when the parity of the oldest byte in the FIFO does not match the selected Parity Type.
0: Parity error has not occurred
1: Parity error has occurred.
This bit must be cleared by software.
5
4
THRE0 Transmit Holding Register Empty Flag.
0: Transmit Holding Register not Empty—do not write to SBUF0.
1: Transmit Holding Register Empty—it is safe to write to SBUF0.
REN0
Receive Enable.
This bit enables/disables the UART receiver. When disabled, bytes can still be read
from the receive FIFO.
0: UART1 reception disabled.
1: UART1 reception enabled.
3
2
TBX0
RBX0
Extra Transmission Bit.
The logic level of this bit will be assigned to the extra transmission bit when XBE0 is set
to 1. This bit is not used when Parity is enabled.
Extra Receive Bit.
RBX0 is assigned the value of the extra bit when XBE1 is set to 1. If XBE1 is cleared to
0, RBX1 will be assigned the logic level of the first stop bit. This bit is not valid when
Parity is enabled.
1
0
TI0
RI0
Transmit Interrupt Flag.
Set to a 1 by hardware after data has been transmitted, at the beginning of the STOP
bit. When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to
the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software.
Receive Interrupt Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART0 (set at the
STOP bit sampling time). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to 1
causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be
cleared manually by software. Note that RI0 will remain set to ‘1’ as long as there is
data still in the UART FIFO. After the last byte has been shifted from the FIFO to
SBUF0, RI0 can be cleared.
248
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 24.2. SMOD0: Serial Port 0 Control
Bit
7
MCE0
R/W
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
XBE0
R/W
0
0
SBL0
R/W
0
Name
Type
Reset
S0PT[1:0]
PE0
R/W
0
S0DL[1:0]
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
1
R/W
1
SFR Address = 0xA9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
MCE0
Multiprocessor Communication Enable.
0: RI0 will be activated if stop bit(s) are 1.
1: RI0 will be activated if stop bit(s) and extra bit are 1. Extra bit must be enabled using
XBE0.
6:5 S0PT[1:0] Parity Type Select Bits.
00: Odd Parity
01: Even Parity
10: Mark Parity
11: Space Parity.
4
PE0
Parity Enable.
This bit enables hardware parity generation and checking. The parity type is selected
by bits S0PT[1:0] when parity is enabled.
0: Hardware parity is disabled.
1: Hardware parity is enabled.
3:2 S0DL[1:0] Data Length.
00: 5-bit data
01: 6-bit data
10: 7-bit data
11: 8-bit data
1
0
XBE0
SBL0
Extra Bit Enable.
When enabled, the value of TBX0 will be appended to the data field
0: Extra Bit is disabled.
1: Extra Bit is enabled.
Stop Bit Length.
0: Short—stop bit is active for one bit time
1: Long—stop bit is active for two bit times (data length = 6, 7, or 8 bits), or 1.5 bit times
(data length = 5 bits).
Rev. 1.1
249
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 24.3. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SBUF0[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x99; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 SBUF0[7:0] Serial Data Buffer Bits 7–0 (MSB–LSB).
Function
This SFR accesses two registers; a transmit shift register and a receive latch register.
When data is written to SBUF0, it goes to the transmit shift register and is held for
serial transmission. Writing a byte to SBUF0 initiates the transmission. A read of
SBUF0 returns the contents of the receive latch.
SFR Definition 24.4. SBCON0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved SB0RUN Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
SB0PS[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAB; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
6
Reserved Read = 0b; Must Write 0b;
SB0RUN
Baud Rate Generator Enable.
0: Baud Rate Generator disabled. UART0 will not function.
1: Baud Rate Generator enabled.
5:2 Reserved Read = 0000b; Must Write = 0000b;
1:0 SB0PS[1:0]
Baud Rate Prescaler Select.
00: Prescaler = 12.
01: Prescaler = 4.
10: Prescaler = 48.
11: Prescaler = 1.
250
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 24.5. SBRLH0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SBRLH0[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAD; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
Function
7:0 SBRLH0[7:0] High Byte of Reload Value for UART0 Baud Rate Generator.
This value is loaded into the high byte of the UART0 baud rate generator when the
counter overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
SFR Definition 24.6. SBRLL0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SBRLL0[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAC; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit Name
7:0 SBRLL0[7:0] Low Byte of Reload Value for UART0 Baud Rate Generator.
Function
This value is loaded into the low byte of the UART0 baud rate generator when the
counter overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
Rev. 1.1
251
C8051F50x-F51x
25. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0)
The Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous
serial bus. SPI0 can operate as a master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports mul-
tiple masters and slaves on a single SPI bus. The slave-select (NSS) signal can be configured as an input
to select SPI0 in slave mode, or to disable Master Mode operation in a multi-master environment, avoiding
contention on the SPI bus when more than one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can
also be configured as a chip-select output in master mode, or disabled for 3-wire operation. Additional gen-
eral purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices in master mode.
SFR Bus
SPI0CKR
SPI0CFG
SPI0CN
Clock Divide
Logic
SYSCLK
SPI CONTROL LOGIC
SPI IRQ
Data Path
Control
Pin Interface
Control
MOSI
Tx Data
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
SPI0DAT
SCK
MISO
NSS
Transmit Data Buffer
Pin
Control
Logic
Port I/O
Shift Register
Rx Data
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Receive Data Buffer
Read
SPI0DAT
Write
SPI0DAT
SFR Bus
Figure 25.1. SPI Block Diagram
252
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
25.1. Signal Descriptions
The four signals used by SPI0 (MOSI, MISO, SCK, NSS) are described below.
25.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI)
The master-out, slave-in (MOSI) signal is an output from a master device and an input to slave devices. It
is used to serially transfer data from the master to the slave. This signal is an output when SPI0 is operat-
ing as a master and an input when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit
first. When configured as a master, MOSI is driven by the MSB of the shift register in both 3- and 4-wire
mode.
25.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO)
The master-in, slave-out (MISO) signal is an output from a slave device and an input to the master device.
It is used to serially transfer data from the slave to the master. This signal is an input when SPI0 is operat-
ing as a master and an output when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit
first. The MISO pin is placed in a high-impedance state when the SPI module is disabled and when the SPI
operates in 4-wire mode as a slave that is not selected. When acting as a slave in 3-wire mode, MISO is
always driven by the MSB of the shift register.
25.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK)
The serial clock (SCK) signal is an output from the master device and an input to slave devices. It is used
to synchronize the transfer of data between the master and slave on the MOSI and MISO lines. SPI0 gen-
erates this signal when operating as a master. The SCK signal is ignored by a SPI slave when the slave is
not selected (NSS = 1) in 4-wire slave mode.
25.1.4. Slave Select (NSS)
The function of the slave-select (NSS) signal is dependent on the setting of the NSSMD1 and NSSMD0
bits in the SPI0CN register. There are three possible modes that can be selected with these bits:
1. NSSMD[1:0] = 00: 3-Wire Master or 3-Wire Slave Mode: SPI0 operates in 3-wire mode, and NSS is
disabled. When operating as a slave device, SPI0 is always selected in 3-wire mode. Since no select
signal is present, SPI0 must be the only slave on the bus in 3-wire mode. This is intended for point-to-
point communication between a master and one slave.
2. NSSMD[1:0] = 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is
enabled as an input. When operating as a slave, NSS selects the SPI0 device. When operating as a
master, a 1-to-0 transition of the NSS signal disables the master function of SPI0 so that multiple
master devices can be used on the same SPI bus.
3. NSSMD[1:0] = 1x: 4-Wire Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an
output. The setting of NSSMD0 determines what logic level the NSS pin will output. This configuration
should only be used when operating SPI0 as a master device.
See Figure 25.2, Figure 25.3, and Figure 25.4 for typical connection diagrams of the various operational
modes. Note that the setting of NSSMD bits affects the pinout of the device. When in 3-wire master or
3-wire slave mode, the NSS pin will not be mapped by the crossbar. In all other modes, the NSS signal will
be mapped to a pin on the device. See Section “20. Port Input/Output” on page 177 for general purpose
port I/O and crossbar information.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
25.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation
A SPI master device initiates all data transfers on a SPI bus. SPI0 is placed in master mode by setting the
Master Enable flag (MSTEN, SPI0CN.6). Writing a byte of data to the SPI0 data register (SPI0DAT) when
in master mode writes to the transmit buffer. If the SPI shift register is empty, the byte in the transmit buffer
is moved to the shift register, and a data transfer begins. The SPI0 master immediately shifts out the data
serially on the MOSI line while providing the serial clock on SCK. The SPIF (SPI0CN.7) flag is set to logic
1 at the end of the transfer. If interrupts are enabled, an interrupt request is generated when the SPIF flag
is set. While the SPI0 master transfers data to a slave on the MOSI line, the addressed SPI slave device
simultaneously transfers the contents of its shift register to the SPI master on the MISO line in a full-duplex
operation. Therefore, the SPIF flag serves as both a transmit-complete and receive-data-ready flag. The
data byte received from the slave is transferred MSB-first into the master's shift register. When a byte is
fully shifted into the register, it is moved to the receive buffer where it can be read by the processor by
reading SPI0DAT.
When configured as a master, SPI0 can operate in one of three different modes: multi-master mode, 3-wire
single-master mode, and 4-wire single-master mode. The default, multi-master mode is active when
NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In this mode, NSS is an input to the device, and
is used to disable the master SPI0 when another master is accessing the bus. When NSS is pulled low in
this mode, MSTEN (SPI0CN.6) and SPIEN (SPI0CN.0) are set to 0 to disable the SPI master device, and
a Mode Fault is generated (MODF, SPI0CN.5 = 1). Mode Fault will generate an interrupt if enabled. SPI0
must be manually re-enabled in software under these circumstances. In multi-master systems, devices will
typically default to being slave devices while they are not acting as the system master device. In multi-mas-
ter mode, slave devices can be addressed individually (if needed) using general-purpose I/O pins.
Figure 25.2 shows a connection diagram between two master devices in multiple-master mode.
3-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. In this
mode, NSS is not used, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Any slave devices
that must be addressed in this mode should be selected using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 25.3
shows a connection diagram between a master device in 3-wire master mode and a slave device.
4-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 1. In this mode, NSS is configured as an
output pin, and can be used as a slave-select signal for a single SPI device. In this mode, the output value
of NSS is controlled (in software) with the bit NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2). Additional slave devices can be
addressed using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 25.4 shows a connection diagram for a master device in
4-wire master mode and two slave devices.
254
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NSS
MISO
MOSI
SCK
GPIO
MISO
MOSI
SCK
Master
Device 1
Master
Device 2
GPIO
NSS
Figure 25.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram
Master
Device
Slave
Device
MISO
MOSI
SCK
MISO
MOSI
SCK
Figure 25.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram
MISO
MOSI
SCK
MISO
MOSI
SCK
Master
Device
Slave
Device
NSS
NSS
GPIO
MISO
MOSI
SCK
Slave
Device
NSS
Figure 25.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram
Rev. 1.1
255
C8051F50x-F51x
25.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation
When SPI0 is enabled and not configured as a master, it will operate as a SPI slave. As a slave, bytes are
shifted in through the MOSI pin and out through the MISO pin by a master device controlling the SCK sig-
nal. A bit counter in the SPI0 logic counts SCK edges. When 8 bits have been shifted through the shift reg-
ister, the SPIF flag is set to logic 1, and the byte is copied into the receive buffer. Data is read from the
receive buffer by reading SPI0DAT. A slave device cannot initiate transfers. Data to be transferred to the
master device is pre-loaded into the shift register by writing to SPI0DAT. Writes to SPI0DAT are double-
buffered, and are placed in the transmit buffer first. If the shift register is empty, the contents of the transmit
buffer will immediately be transferred into the shift register. When the shift register already contains data,
the SPI will load the shift register with the transmit buffer’s contents after the last SCK edge of the next (or
current) SPI transfer.
When configured as a slave, SPI0 can be configured for 4-wire or 3-wire operation. The default, 4-wire
slave mode, is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In 4-wire mode, the
NSS signal is routed to a port pin and configured as a digital input. SPI0 is enabled when NSS is logic 0,
and disabled when NSS is logic 1. The bit counter is reset on a falling edge of NSS. Note that the NSS sig-
nal must be driven low at least 2 system clocks before the first active edge of SCK for each byte transfer.
Figure 25.4 shows a connection diagram between two slave devices in 4-wire slave mode and a master
device.
3-wire slave mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. NSS is not
used in this mode, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Since there is no way of
uniquely addressing the device in 3-wire slave mode, SPI0 must be the only slave device present on the
bus. It is important to note that in 3-wire slave mode there is no external means of resetting the bit counter
that determines when a full byte has been received. The bit counter can only be reset by disabling and re-
enabling SPI0 with the SPIEN bit. Figure 25.3 shows a connection diagram between a slave device in 3-
wire slave mode and a master device.
25.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources
When SPI0 interrupts are enabled, the following four flags will generate an interrupt when they are set to
logic 1:
All of the following bits must be cleared by software.
1. The SPI Interrupt Flag, SPIF (SPI0CN.7) is set to logic 1 at the end of each byte transfer. This flag can
occur in all SPI0 modes.
2. The Write Collision Flag, WCOL (SPI0CN.6) is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when
the transmit buffer has not been emptied to the SPI shift register. When this occurs, the write to
SPI0DAT will be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written.This flag can occur in all SPI0
modes.
3. The Mode Fault Flag MODF (SPI0CN.5) is set to logic 1 when SPI0 is configured as a master, and for
multi-master mode and the NSS pin is pulled low. When a Mode Fault occurs, the MSTEN and SPIEN
bits in SPI0CN are set to logic 0 to disable SPI0 and allow another master device to access the bus.
4. The Receive Overrun Flag RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) is set to logic 1 when configured as a slave, and a
transfer is completed and the receive buffer still holds an unread byte from a previous transfer. The new
byte is not transferred to the receive buffer, allowing the previously received data byte to be read. The
data byte which caused the overrun is lost.
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25.5. Serial Clock Phase and Polarity
Four combinations of serial clock phase and polarity can be selected using the clock control bits in the
SPI0 Configuration Register (SPI0CFG). The CKPHA bit (SPI0CFG.5) selects one of two clock phases
(edge used to latch the data). The CKPOL bit (SPI0CFG.4) selects between an active-high or active-low
clock. Both master and slave devices must be configured to use the same clock phase and polarity. SPI0
should be disabled (by clearing the SPIEN bit, SPI0CN.0) when changing the clock phase or polarity. The
clock and data line relationships for master mode are shown in Figure 25.5. For slave mode, the clock and
data relationships are shown in Figure 25.6 and Figure 25.7. CKPHA must be set to 0 on both the master
and slave SPI when communicating between two of the following devices: C8051F04x, C8051F06x,
C8051F12x, C8051F31x, C8051F32x, and C8051F33x.
The SPI0 Clock Rate Register (SPI0CKR) as shown in SFR Definition 25.3 controls the master mode
serial clock frequency. This register is ignored when operating in slave mode. When the SPI is configured
as a master, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) is one-half the system clock frequency or 12.5 MHz,
whichever is slower. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) for
full-duplex operation is 1/10 the system clock frequency, provided that the master issues SCK, NSS (in 4-
wire slave mode), and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock. If the master
issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data asynchronously, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec)
must be less than 1/10 the system clock frequency. In the special case where the master only wants to
transmit data to the slave and does not need to receive data from the slave (i.e. half-duplex operation), the
SPI slave can receive data at a maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) of 1/4 the system clock frequency.
This is provided that the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s
system clock.
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MISO/MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
NSS (Must Remain High
in Multi-Master Mode)
Figure 25.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
MOSI
MSB
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 0
MISO
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 25.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MOSI
MSB
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 0
MISO
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 25.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1)
25.6. SPI Special Function Registers
SPI0 is accessed and controlled through four special function registers in the system controller: SPI0CN
Control Register, SPI0DAT Data Register, SPI0CFG Configuration Register, and SPI0CKR Clock Rate
Register. The four special function registers related to the operation of the SPI0 Bus are described in the
following figures.
258
Rev. 1.1
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SFR Definition 25.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
Name
Type
Reset
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R
1
R
1
R
1
SFR Address = 0xA1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
SPIBSY
SPI Busy.
This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (master or slave mode).
6
5
4
3
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
Master Mode Enable.
0: Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode.
1: Enable master mode. Operate as a master.
SPI0 Clock Phase.
0: Data centered on first edge of SCK period.*
1: Data centered on second edge of SCK period.*
SPI0 Clock Polarity.
0: SCK line low in idle state.
1: SCK line high in idle state.
Slave Selected Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI0 is the selected
slave. It is cleared to logic 0 when NSS is high (slave not selected). This bit does
not indicate the instantaneous value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched ver-
sion of the pin input.
2
1
NSSIN
SRMT
NSS Instantaneous Pin Input.
This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the
time that the register is read. This input is not de-glitched.
Shift Register Empty (valid in slave mode only).
This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift
register, and there is no new information available to read from the transmit buffer
or write to the receive buffer. It returns to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to
the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition on SCK. SRMT = 1 when
in Master Mode.
0
RXBMT
Receive Buffer Empty (valid in slave mode only).
This bit will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no
new information. If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has
not been read, this bit will return to logic 0. RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode.
Note: In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is
sampled one SYSCLK before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device.
See Table 25.1 for timing parameters.
Rev. 1.1
259
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 25.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
RXOVRN
NSSMD[1:0]
R/W
TXBMT
SPIEN
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
1
R/W
0
0
1
SFR Address = 0xF8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
SPIF
SPI0 Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If interrupts are
enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the SPI0 interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by soft-
ware.
6
5
4
WCOL
MODF
Write Collision Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) to indicate a
write to the SPI0 data register was attempted while a data transfer was in progress.
It must be cleared by software.
Mode Fault Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when a mas-
ter mode collision is detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD[1:0] = 01).
This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
RXOVRN
Receive Overrun Flag (valid in slave mode only).
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when the
receive buffer still holds unread data from a previous transfer and the last bit of the
current transfer is shifted into the SPI0 shift register. This bit is not automatically
cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
3:2 NSSMD[1:0] Slave Select Mode.
Selects between the following NSS operation modes:
(See Section 25.2 and Section 25.3).
00: 3-Wire Slave or 3-Wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin.
01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode (Default). NSS is an input to the device.
1x: 4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS signal is mapped as an output from the
device and will assume the value of NSSMD0.
1
0
TXBMT
SPIEN
Transmit Buffer Empty.
This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer.
When data in the transmit buffer is transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will
be set to logic 1, indicating that it is safe to write a new byte to the transmit buffer.
SPI0 Enable.
0: SPI disabled.
1: SPI enabled.
260
Rev. 1.1
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SFR Definition 25.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SCR[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
SCR[7:0]
SPI0 Clock Rate.
These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI0 module is
configured for master mode operation. The SCK clock frequency is a divided ver-
sion of the system clock, and is given in the following equation, where SYSCLK is
the system clock frequency and SPI0CKR is the 8-bit value held in the SPI0CKR
register.
SYSCLK
f
= ---------------------------------------------------------------
SCK
2 x SPI0CKR[7:0] + 1
for 0 <= SPI0CKR <= 255
Example: If SYSCLK = 2 MHz and SPI0CKR = 0x04,
2000000
f
= -----------------------------
SCK
2 x 4 + 1
f
= 200 kHz
SCK
SFR Definition 25.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPI0DAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 SPI0DAT[7:0] SPI0 Transmit and Receive Data.
Function
The SPI0DAT register is used to transmit and receive SPI0 data. Writing data to
SPI0DAT places the data into the transmit buffer and initiates a transfer when in
Master Mode. A read of SPI0DAT returns the contents of the receive buffer.
Rev. 1.1
261
C8051F50x-F51x
SCK*
T
T
MCKL
MCKH
T
T
MIS
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 25.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK*
T
T
MCKL
MCKH
T
T
MIH
MIS
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 25.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1)
262
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
NSS
T
T
T
SE
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
T
SIH
SIS
MOSI
MISO
T
T
T
SEZ
SOH
SDZ
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 25.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0)
NSS
T
T
T
SE
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
T
SIH
SIS
MOSI
T
T
T
SDZ
T
SOH
SLH
SEZ
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 25.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1)
Rev. 1.1
263
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 25.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters
Parameter
Description
Min
Max
Units
*
Master Mode Timing (See Figure 25.8 and Figure 25.9)
SCK High Time
1 x TSYSCLK
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
T
T
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
MIS
SCK Low Time
1 x TSYSCLK
1 x TSYSCLK + 20
0
MISO Valid to SCK Shift Edge
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
*
MIH
Slave Mode Timing (See Figure 25.10 and Figure 25.11)
NSS Falling to First SCK Edge
Last SCK Edge to NSS Rising
NSS Falling to MISO Valid
NSS Rising to MISO High-Z
SCK High Time
2 x TSYSCLK
2 x TSYSCLK
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
SE
SD
4 x TSYSCLK
SEZ
SDZ
CKH
CKL
SIS
—
4 x TSYSCLK
5 x TSYSCLK
5 x TSYSCLK
2 x TSYSCLK
2 x TSYSCLK
—
—
SCK Low Time
—
—
MOSI Valid to SCK Sample Edge
SCK Sample Edge to MOSI Change
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
—
SIH
SOH
SLH
4 x TSYSCLK
8 x TSYSCLK
Last SCK Edge to MISO Change
(CKPHA = 1 ONLY)
6 x TSYSCLK
*Note: TSYSCLK is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK).
264
Rev. 1.1
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26. Timers
Each MCU includes four counter/timers: two are 16-bit counter/timers compatible with those found in the
standard 8051, and two are 16-bit auto-reload timer for use with the ADC, SMBus, or for general purpose
use. These timers can be used to measure time intervals, count external events and generate periodic
interrupt requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 are nearly identical and have four primary modes of operation.
Timer 2 and Timer 3 offer 16-bit and split 8-bit timer functionality with auto-reload.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 Modes
Timer 2 Modes
Timer 3 Modes
13-bit counter/timer
16-bit counter/timer
8-bit counter/timer with
auto-reload
16-bit timer with auto-reload
16-bit timer with auto-reload
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
Two 8-bit counter/timers (Timer 0
only)
Timers 0 and 1 may be clocked by one of five sources, determined by the Timer Mode Select bits (T1M–
T0M) and the Clock Scale bits (SCA1–SCA0). The Clock Scale bits define a pre-scaled clock from which
Timer 0 and/or Timer 1 may be clocked (See SFR Definition 26.1 for pre-scaled clock selection).Timer 0/1
may then be configured to use this pre-scaled clock signal or the system clock.
Timer 2 and Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external
oscillator clock source divided by 8.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 may also be operated as counters. When functioning as a counter, a counter/timer
register is incremented on each high-to-low transition at the selected input pin (T0 or T1). Events with a fre-
quency of up to one-fourth the system clock frequency can be counted. The input signal need not be peri-
odic, but it should be held at a given level for at least two full system clock cycles to ensure the level is
properly sampled.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.1. CKCON: Clock Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T3MH
T3ML
T2MH
T2ML
T1M
T0M
SCA[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8E; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
T3MH Timer 3 High Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to the Timer 3 high byte (split 8-bit timer mode only).
0: Timer 3 high byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN.
1: Timer 3 high byte uses the system clock.
6
T3ML
Timer 3 Low Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to Timer 3. Selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer
in split 8-bit timer mode.
0: Timer 3 low byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN.
1: Timer 3 low byte uses the system clock.
5
4
T2MH Timer 2 High Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to the Timer 2 high byte (split 8-bit timer mode only).
0: Timer 2 high byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN.
1: Timer 2 high byte uses the system clock.
T2ML
Timer 2 Low Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to Timer 2. If Timer 2 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode,
this bit selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer.
0: Timer 2 low byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN.
1: Timer 2 low byte uses the system clock.
3
2
T1
T0
Timer 1 Clock Select.
Selects the clock source supplied to Timer 1. Ignored when C/T1 is set to 1.
0: Timer 1 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits SCA[1:0].
1: Timer 1 uses the system clock.
Timer 0 Clock Select.
Selects the clock source supplied to Timer 0. Ignored when C/T0 is set to 1.
0: Counter/Timer 0 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits SCA[1:0].
1: Counter/Timer 0 uses the system clock.
1:0 SCA[1:0] Timer 0/1 Prescale Bits.
These bits control the Timer 0/1 Clock Prescaler:
00: System clock divided by 12
01: System clock divided by 4
10: System clock divided by 48
11: External clock divided by 8 (synchronized with the system clock)
266
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26.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1
Each timer is implemented as a 16-bit register accessed as two separate bytes: a low byte (TL0 or TL1)
and a high byte (TH0 or TH1). The Counter/Timer Control register (TCON) is used to enable Timer 0 and
Timer 1 as well as indicate status. Timer 0 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET0 bit in the IE regis-
ter (Section “14.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions” on page 120); Timer 1 interrupts can be enabled by set-
ting the ET1 bit in the IE register (Section “14.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions” on page 120). Both
counter/timers operate in one of four primary modes selected by setting the Mode Select bits T1M1–T0M0
in the Counter/Timer Mode register (TMOD). Each timer can be configured independently. Each operating
mode is described below.
26.1.1. Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer
Timer 0 and Timer 1 operate as 13-bit counter/timers in Mode 0. The following describes the configuration
and operation of Timer 0. However, both timers operate identically, and Timer 1 is configured in the same
manner as described for Timer 0.
The TH0 register holds the eight MSBs of the 13-bit counter/timer. TL0 holds the five LSBs in bit positions
TL0.4–TL0.0. The three upper bits of TL0 (TL0.7–TL0.5) are indeterminate and should be masked out or
ignored when reading. As the 13-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0x1FFF (all ones) to
0x0000, the timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and an interrupt will occur if Timer 0 interrupts are
enabled.
The C/T0 bit (TMOD.2) selects the counter/timer's clock source. When C/T0 is set to logic 1, high-to-low
transitions at the selected Timer 0 input pin (T0) increment the timer register (Refer to Section
“20.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 180 for information on selecting and configuring external I/O
pins). Clearing C/T selects the clock defined by the T0M bit (CKCON.3). When T0M is set, Timer 0 is
clocked by the system clock. When T0M is cleared, Timer 0 is clocked by the source selected by the Clock
Scale bits in CKCON (see SFR Definition 26.1).
Setting the TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or the input signal
INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 14.7). Setting GATE0 to 1
allows the timer to be controlled by the external input signal INT0 (see Section “14.2. Interrupt Register
Descriptions” on page 120), facilitating pulse width measurements.
TR0
GATE0
INT0
Counter/Timer
0
1
1
1
X
0
1
1
X
X
0
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
1
Note: X = Don't Care
Setting TR0 does not force the timer to reset. The timer registers should be loaded with the desired initial
value before the timer is enabled.
TL1 and TH1 form the 13-bit register for Timer 1 in the same manner as described above for TL0 and TH0.
Timer 1 is configured and controlled using the relevant TCON and TMOD bits just as with Timer 0. The
input signal INT1 is used with Timer 1; the INT1 polarity is defined by bit IN1PL in register IT01CF (see
SFR Definition 14.7).
Rev. 1.1
267
C8051F50x-F51x
CKCO N
TM O D
IT01CF
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T
1
M
1
T
1
M
0
G
A
T
E
0
C
/
T
0
T
0
M
1
T
0
M
0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T
3
T
3
T
2
T
2
T
1
T
0
S S
C C
N
1
P
L
N
1
S
L
2
N
1
S
L
1
N
1
S
L
0
N
0
P
L
N
0
S
L
2
N
0
S
L
1
N
0
S
L
0
M M M M M M A
H
A
0
L
H
L
1
Pre-scaled Clock
SYSCLK
0
1
0
1
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
T0
Interrupt
TCLK
TL0
(5 bits)
TH 0
(8 bits)
TR 0
IT1
G ATE0
IE0
IT0
Crossbar
IN 0PL
XO R
/INT0
Figure 26.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram
26.1.2. Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer
Mode 1 operation is the same as Mode 0, except that the counter/timer registers use all 16 bits. The coun-
ter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 1 in the same manner as for Mode 0.
26.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
Mode 2 configures Timer 0 and Timer 1 to operate as 8-bit counter/timers with automatic reload of the start
value. TL0 holds the count and TH0 holds the reload value. When the counter in TL0 overflows from all
ones to 0x00, the timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and the counter in TL0 is reloaded from TH0. If
Timer 0 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will occur when the TF0 flag is set. The reload value in TH0 is
not changed. TL0 must be initialized to the desired value before enabling the timer for the first count to be
correct. When in Mode 2, Timer 1 operates identically to Timer 0.
Both counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 2 in the same manner as Mode 0. Setting the
TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or when the input signal INT0
is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register IT01CF (see Section “14.3. External Interrupts INT0 and INT1”
on page 126 for details on the external input signals INT0 and INT1).
268
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
CKCON
TMOD
IT01CF
G C T T G C T T
I I I I I I I I
N N N N N N N N
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
M M M M M M A A
A
/
1
1 A
/
0
0
T T M M T T M M
1
1 1 1 0 0 0 0
E 1
1
1
0 E 0
0
1
0
P S S S P S S S
H L H L
1 0
L
L
2
L
1
L
0
L
L
2
L
1
L
0
Pre-scaled Clock
SYSCLK
0
1
0
1
T0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
TCLK
TL0
(8 bits)
Interrupt
TR0
IT1
IE0
IT0
Crossbar
GATE0
TH0
Reload
(8 bits)
IN0PL
XOR
/INT0
Figure 26.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram
26.1.4. Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)
In Mode 3, Timer 0 is configured as two separate 8-bit counter/timers held in TL0 and TH0. The coun-
ter/timer in TL0 is controlled using the Timer 0 control/status bits in TCON and TMOD: TR0, C/T0, GATE0
and TF0. TL0 can use either the system clock or an external input signal as its timebase. The TH0 register
is restricted to a timer function sourced by the system clock or prescaled clock. TH0 is enabled using the
Timer 1 run control bit TR1. TH0 sets the Timer 1 overflow flag TF1 on overflow and thus controls the
Timer 1 interrupt.
Timer 1 is inactive in Mode 3. When Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be operated in Modes 0,
1 or 2, but cannot be clocked by external signals nor set the TF1 flag and generate an interrupt. However,
the Timer 1 overflow can be used to generate baud rates for the SMBus and/or UART, and/or initiate ADC
conversions. While Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 run control is handled through its mode set-
tings. To run Timer 1 while Timer 0 is in Mode 3, set the Timer 1 Mode as 0, 1, or 2. To disable Timer 1,
configure it for Mode 3.
Rev. 1.1
269
C8051F50x-F51x
CKCON
TMOD
G C T T G C T T
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
M M M M M M A A
A
/ 1 1 A / 0 0
T T M M T T M M
E 1 1 0 E 0 1 0
H L H L
1 0
1
0
Pre-scaled Clock
SYSCLK
0
1
TH0
(8 bits)
TR1
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
Interrupt
Interrupt
0
1
IT1
IE0
IT0
T0
TL0
(8 bits)
TR0
Crossbar
GATE0
IN0PL
XOR
/INT0
Figure 26.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram
270
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.2. TCON: Timer Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0x88; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
TF1
Timer 1 Overflow Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when Timer 1 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software
but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 1 interrupt service
routine.
6
5
TR1
TF0
Timer 1 Run Control.
Timer 1 is enabled by setting this bit to 1.
Timer 0 Overflow Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when Timer 0 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software
but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 0 interrupt service
routine.
4
3
TR0
IE1
Timer 0 Run Control.
Timer 0 is enabled by setting this bit to 1.
External Interrupt 1.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It
can be cleared by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the
External Interrupt 1 service routine in edge-triggered mode.
2
IT1
Interrupt 1 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured INT1 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive.
INT1 is configured active low or high by the IN1PL bit in the IT01CF register (see
SFR Definition 14.7).
0: INT1 is level triggered.
1: INT1 is edge triggered.
1
0
IE0
IT0
External Interrupt 0.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It
can be cleared by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the
External Interrupt 0 service routine in edge-triggered mode.
Interrupt 0 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured INT0 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive.
INT0 is configured active low or high by the IN0PL bit in register IT01CF (see SFR
Definition 14.7).
0: INT0 is level triggered.
1: INT0 is edge triggered.
Rev. 1.1
271
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.3. TMOD: Timer Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GATE1
C/T1
T1M[1:0]
R/W
GATE0
C/T0
T0M[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x89; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
GATE1
Timer 1 Gate Control.
0: Timer 1 enabled when TR1 = 1 irrespective of INT1 logic level.
1: Timer 1 enabled only when TR1 = 1 AND INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL in
register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 14.7).
6
C/T1
Counter/Timer 1 Select.
0: Timer: Timer 1 incremented by clock defined by T1M bit in register CKCON.
1: Counter: Timer 1 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external pin (T1).
5:4
T1M[1:0] Timer 1 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 1 operation mode.
00: Mode 0, 13-bit Counter/Timer
01: Mode 1, 16-bit Counter/Timer
10: Mode 2, 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
11: Mode 3, Timer 1 Inactive
3
GATE0
C/T0
Timer 0 Gate Control.
0: Timer 0 enabled when TR0 = 1 irrespective of INT0 logic level.
1: Timer 0 enabled only when TR0 = 1 AND INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in
register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 14.7).
2
Counter/Timer 0 Select.
0: Timer: Timer 0 incremented by clock defined by T0M bit in register CKCON.
1: Counter: Timer 0 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external pin (T0).
1:0
T0M[1:0] Timer 0 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 0 operation mode.
00: Mode 0, 13-bit Counter/Timer
01: Mode 1, 16-bit Counter/Timer
10: Mode 2, 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
11: Mode 3, Two 8-bit Counter/Timers
272
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TL0[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8A; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
TL0[7:0]
Timer 0 Low Byte.
The TL0 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
SFR Definition 26.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TL1[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8B; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
TL1[7:0]
Timer 1 Low Byte.
The TL1 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
Rev. 1.1
273
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TH0[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8C; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
TH0[7:0]
Timer 0 High Byte.
The TH0 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
SFR Definition 26.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TH1[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8D; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
TH1[7:0]
Timer 1 High Byte.
The TH1 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
274
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
26.2. Timer 2
Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR2L (low byte) and TMR2H (high byte). Timer 2 may
operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode or (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode. The T2SPLIT bit (TMR2CN.3) defines
the Timer 2 operation mode.
Timer 2 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator
source divided by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the
internal oscillator drives the system clock while Timer 2 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external preci-
sion oscillator. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
26.2.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When T2SPLIT (TMR2CN.3) is zero, Timer 2 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 2 can be
clocked by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the
16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 2
reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLL) is loaded into the Timer 2 register as shown in Figure 26.4,
and the Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag (TMR2CN.7) is set. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (if IE.5 is
set), an interrupt will be generated on each Timer 2 overflow. Additionally, if Timer 2 interrupts are enabled
and the TF2LEN bit is set (TMR2CN.5), an interrupt will be generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR2L)
overflow from 0xFF to 0x00.
CKCON
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
T2XCLK
M M MM M M A A
H L H L
1 0
To ADC,
SMBus
To SMBus
TMR2H
SYSCLK / 12
0
1
TL2
Overflow
0
1
TCLK
TR2
TF2H
TMR2L
Interrupt
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
T2XCLK
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
Reload
Figure 26.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
26.2.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload
When T2SPLIT is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR2H and TMR2L). Both 8-bit timers oper-
ate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 26.5. TMR2RLL holds the reload value for TMR2L; TMR2RLH
holds the reload value for TMR2H. The TR2 bit in TMR2CN handles the run control for TMR2H. TMR2L is
always running when configured for 8-bit Mode.
Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock
source divided by 8. The Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or
the clock defined by the Timer 2 External Clock Select bit (T2XCLK in TMR2CN), as follows:
Rev. 1.1
275
C8051F50x-F51x
T2MH
T2XCLK TMR2H Clock Source
T2ML
T2XCLK TMR2L Clock Source
0
0
1
0
1
X
SYSCLK/12
External Clock/8
SYSCLK
0
0
1
0
1
X
SYSCLK/12
External Clock/8
SYSCLK
The TF2H bit is set when TMR2H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF2L bit is set when TMR2L overflows
from 0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (IE.5), an interrupt is generated each time
TMR2H overflows. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled and TF2LEN (TMR2CN.5) is set, an interrupt is gener-
ated each time either TMR2L or TMR2H overflows. When TF2LEN is enabled, software must check the
TF2H and TF2L flags to determine the source of the Timer 2 interrupt. The TF2H and TF2L interrupt flags
are not cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software.
CKCON
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
T2XCLK
M MM M MM A A
Reload
TMR2RLH
To SMBus
H L H L
1 0
SYSCLK / 12
0
1
0
External Clock / 8
TCLK
TF2H
TF2L
TMR2H
Interrupt
TR2
1
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
Reload
TMR2RLL
T2XCLK
SYSCLK
1
0
To ADC,
SMBus
TCLK
TMR2L
Figure 26.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram
26.2.3. External Oscillator Capture Mode
Capture Mode allows the external oscillator to be measured against the system clock. Timer 2 can be
clocked from the system clock, or the system clock divided by 12, depending on the T2ML (CKCON.4),
and T2XCLK bits. When a capture event is generated, the contents of Timer 2 (TMR2H:TMR2L) are
loaded into the Timer 2 reload registers (TMR2RLH:TMR2RLL) and the TF2H flag is set. A capture event
is generated by the falling edge of the clock source being measured, which is the external oscillator / 8. By
recording the difference between two successive timer capture values, the external oscillator frequency
can be determined with respect to the Timer 2 clock. The Timer 2 clock should be much faster than the
capture clock to achieve an accurate reading. Timer 2 should be in 16-bit auto-reload mode when using
Capture Mode.
For example, if T2ML = 1b and TF2CEN = 1b, Timer 2 will clock every SYSCLK and capture every external
clock divided by 8. If the SYSCLK is 24 MHz and the difference between two successive captures is 5984,
then the external clock frequency is as follows:
24 MHz/(5984/8) = 0.032086 MHz or 32.086 kHz
This mode allows software to determine the external oscillator frequency when an RC network or capacitor
is used to generate the clock source.
276
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
CKCON
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
MM M M M M A A
T2XCLK
H L H L
1 0
SYSCLK / 12
0
1
0
1
TCLK
TR2
TMR2L
TMR2H
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
Capture
TF2CEN
TF2H
TF2L
Interrupt
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
External Clock / 8
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
T2XCLK
Figure 26.6. Timer 2 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
277
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN T2SPLIT
TR2
T2XCLK
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xC8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
TF2H
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit
mode, this will occur when Timer 2 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the
Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 2
interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware.
6
TF2L
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. TF2L will
be set when the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 2 mode. This bit is not
automatically cleared by hardware.
5
4
3
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
Timer 2 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts. If Timer 2 interrupts are
also enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 2 overflows.
Timer 2 Capture Mode Enable.
0: Timer 2 Capture Mode is disabled.
1: Timer 2 Capture Mode is enabled.
T2SPLIT Timer 2 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
0: Timer 2 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1: Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
2
TR2
Timer 2 Run Control.
Timer 2 is enabled by setting this bit to 1. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables
TMR2H only; TMR2L is always enabled in split mode.
1
0
Unused
T2XCLK
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care
Timer 2 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 2. If Timer 2 is in 8-bit mode, this
bit selects the external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the
Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in register CKCON) may still be used to
select between the external clock and the system clock for either timer.
0: Timer 2 clock is the system clock divided by 12.
1: Timer 2 clock is the external clock divided by 8 (synchronized with SYSCLK).
278
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR2RLL[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCA; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 TMR2RLL[7:0]
Function
Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte.
TMR2RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 2.
SFR Definition 26.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR2RLH[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCB; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 TMR2RLH[7:0]
Function
Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte.
TMR2RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 2.
Rev. 1.1
279
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR2L[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCC; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 TMR2L[7:0] Timer 2 Low Byte.
Function
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-
bit mode, TMR2L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value.
SFR Definition 26.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR2H[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCD; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 TMR2H[7:0] Timer 2 High Byte.
Function
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-
bit mode, TMR2H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value.
280
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
26.3. Timer 3
Timer 3 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR3L (low byte) and TMR3H (high byte). Timer 3 may
operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode or (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode. The T3SPLIT bit (TMR3CN.3) defines
the Timer 3 operation mode.
Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator
source divided by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the
internal oscillator drives the system clock while Timer 3 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external preci-
sion oscillator. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
26.3.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When T3SPLIT (TMR3CN.3) is zero, Timer 3 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 3 can be
clocked by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the
16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 3
reload registers (TMR3RLH and TMR3RLL) is loaded into the Timer 3 register as shown in Figure 26.7,
and the Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag (TMR3CN.7) is set. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt
will be generated on each Timer 3 overflow. Additionally, if Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and the TF3LEN
bit is set (TMR3CN.5), an interrupt will be generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR3L) overflow from
0xFF to 0x00.
CKCON
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
T3XCLK
M MM M MM A A
H L H L
1 0
To ADC,
SMBus
To SMBus
TMR3H
SYSCLK / 12
0
1
TL3
Overflow
0
1
TCLK
TR3
TF3H
TMR3L
Interrupt
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
T3XCLK
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
Reload
Figure 26.7. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
26.3.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload
When T3SPLIT is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR3H and TMR3L). Both 8-bit timers oper-
ate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 26.8. TMR3RLL holds the reload value for TMR3L; TMR3RLH
holds the reload value for TMR3H. The TR3 bit in TMR3CN handles the run control for TMR3H. TMR3L is
always running when configured for 8-bit Mode.
Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock
source divided by 8. The Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or
the clock defined by the Timer 3 External Clock Select bit (T3XCLK in TMR3CN), as follows:
Rev. 1.1
281
C8051F50x-F51x
T3MH
T3XCLK TMR3H Clock Source
T3ML
T3XCLK TMR3L Clock Source
0
0
1
0
1
X
SYSCLK/12
External Clock/8
SYSCLK
0
0
1
0
1
X
SYSCLK/12
External Clock/8
SYSCLK
The TF3H bit is set when TMR3H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF3L bit is set when TMR3L overflows
from 0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt is generated each time TMR3H over-
flows. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and TF3LEN (TMR3CN.5) is set, an interrupt is generated each
time either TMR3L or TMR3H overflows. When TF3LEN is enabled, software must check the TF3H and
TF3L flags to determine the source of the Timer 3 interrupt. The TF3H and TF3L interrupt flags are not
cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software.
CKCON
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
T3XCLK
M MM M MM A A
Reload
TMR3RLH
To SMBus
H L H L
1 0
SYSCLK / 12
0
1
0
External Clock / 8
TCLK
TF3H
TF3L
TMR3H
Interrupt
TR3
1
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
Reload
TMR3RLL
T3XCLK
SYSCLK
1
0
To ADC,
SMBus
TCLK
TMR3L
Figure 26.8. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram
26.3.3. External Oscillator Capture Mode
Capture Mode allows the external oscillator to be measured against the system clock. Timer 3 can be
clocked from the system clock, or the system clock divided by 12, depending on the T3ML (CKCON.6),
and T3XCLK bits. When a capture event is generated, the contents of Timer 3 (TMR3H:TMR3L) are
loaded into the Timer 3 reload registers (TMR3RLH:TMR3RLL) and the TF3H flag is set. A capture event
is generated by the falling edge of the clock source being measured, which is the external oscillator/8. By
recording the difference between two successive timer capture values, the external oscillator frequency
can be determined with respect to the Timer 3 clock. The Timer 3 clock should be much faster than the
capture clock to achieve an accurate reading. Timer 3 should be in 16-bit auto-reload mode when using
Capture Mode.
If the SYSCLK is 24 MHz and the difference between two successive captures is 5861, then the external
clock frequency is as follows:
24 MHz/(5861/8) = 0.032754 MHz or 32.754 kHz
This mode allows software to determine the external oscillator frequency when an RC network or capacitor
is used to generate the clock source.
282
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
CKCON
T T T T T T S S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C C
MM M M M M A A
T3XCLK
H L H L
1 0
SYSCLK / 12
0
1
0
1
TCLK
TR3
TMR3L
TMR3H
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
Capture
TF3CEN
TF3H
TF3L
Interrupt
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
External Clock / 8
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
T3XCLK
Figure 26.9. Timer 3 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
283
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN T3SPLIT
TR3
T3XCLK
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0x91; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
TF3H
Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit
mode, this will occur when Timer 3 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the
Timer 3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 3
interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware.
6
TF3L
Timer 3 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. TF3L will
be set when the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 3 mode. This bit is not
automatically cleared by hardware.
5
4
3
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
Timer 3 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts. If Timer 3 interrupts are
also enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 3 overflows.
Timer 3 Capture Mode Enable.
0: Timer 3 Capture Mode is disabled.
1: Timer 3 Capture Mode is enabled.
T3SPLIT Timer 3 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
0: Timer 3 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1: Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
2
TR3
Timer 3 Run Control.
Timer 3 is enabled by setting this bit to 1. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables
TMR3H only; TMR3L is always enabled in split mode.
1
0
Unused
T3XCLK
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care
Timer 3 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 3. If Timer 3 is in 8-bit mode, this
bit selects the external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the
Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in register CKCON) may still be used to
select between the external clock and the system clock for either timer.
0: Timer 3 clock is the system clock divided by 12.
1: Timer 3 clock is the external clock divided by 8 (synchronized with SYSCLK).
284
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR3RLL[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x92; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:0 TMR3RLL[7:0] Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte.
TMR3RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 3.
SFR Definition 26.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR3RLH[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x93; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
Function
7:0 TMR3RLH[7:0] Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte.
TMR3RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 3.
Rev. 1.1
285
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 26.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR3L[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x94; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 TMR3L[7:0] Timer 3 Low Byte.
Function
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-
bit mode, TMR3L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value.
SFR Definition 26.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TMR3H[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x95; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 TMR3H[7:0] Timer 3 High Byte.
Function
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-
bit mode, TMR3H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value.
286
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
27. Programmable Counter Array
The Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) provides enhanced timer functionality while requiring less CPU
intervention than the standard 8051 counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer
and six 16-bit capture/compare modules. Each capture/compare module has its own associated I/O line
(CEXn) which is routed through the Crossbar to Port I/O when enabled. The counter/timer is driven by a
programmable timebase that can select between six sources: system clock, system clock divided by four,
system clock divided by twelve, the external oscillator clock source divided by 8, Timer 0 overflows, or an
external clock signal on the ECI input pin. Each capture/compare module may be configured to operate
independently in one of six modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software Timer, High-Speed Output, Fre-
quency Output,
8 to 11-Bit PWM, or 16-Bit PWM (each mode is described in Section
“27.3. Capture/Compare Modules” on page 289). The external oscillator clock option is ideal for real-time
clock (RTC) functionality, allowing the PCA to be clocked by a precision external oscillator while the inter-
nal oscillator drives the system clock. The PCA is configured and controlled through the system controller's
Special Function Registers. The PCA block diagram is shown in Figure 27.1
Important Note: The PCA Module 5 may be used as a watchdog timer (WDT), and is enabled in this mode
following a system reset. Access to certain PCA registers is restricted while WDT mode is enabled.
See Section 27.4 for details.
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
Timer 0 Overflow
PCA
16-Bit Counter/Timer
CLOCK
MUX
ECI
SYSCLK
External Clock/8
Capture/Compare
Module 0
Capture/Compare
Module 1
Capture/Compare
Module 2
Capture/Compare
Module 3
Capture/Compare
Module 4
Capture/Compare
Module 5 / WDT
Crossbar
Port I/O
Figure 27.1. PCA Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
287
C8051F50x-F51x
27.1. PCA Counter/Timer
The 16-bit PCA counter/timer consists of two 8-bit SFRs: PCA0L and PCA0H. PCA0H is the high byte
(MSB) of the 16-bit counter/timer and PCA0L is the low byte (LSB). Reading PCA0L automatically latches
the value of PCA0H into a “snapshot” register; the following PCA0H read accesses this “snapshot” register.
Reading the PCA0L Register first guarantees an accurate reading of the entire 16-bit PCA0 counter.
Reading PCA0H or PCA0L does not disturb the counter operation. The CPS[2:0] bits in the PCA0MD reg-
ister select the timebase for the counter/timer as shown in Table 27.1.
When the counter/timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the Counter Overflow Flag (CF) in PCA0MD is
set to logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CF interrupts are enabled. Setting the ECF bit in
PCA0MD to logic 1 enables the CF flag to generate an interrupt request. The CF bit is not automatically
cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by soft-
ware. Clearing the CIDL bit in the PCA0MD register allows the PCA to continue normal operation while the
CPU is in Idle mode.
Table 27.1. PCA Timebase Input Options
CPS2
CPS1
CPS0
Timebase
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
System clock divided by 12.
System clock divided by 4.
Timer 0 overflow.
High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided
by 4).
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
x
System clock.
External oscillator source divided by 8.*
Reserved.
*Note: External oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
IDLE
PCA0MD
PCA0CN
C W W C C C E
I D D P P P C
D T L S S S F
L E C 2 1 0
K
C C C C C C C C
F R C C C C C C
F F F F F F
5 4 3 2 1 0
To SFR Bus
PCA0L
read
Snapshot
Register
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
000
001
Timer 0 Overflow
ECI
010
011
100
101
0
Overflow
To PCA Interrupt System
PCA0H
PCA0L
1
SYSCLK
CF
External Clock/8
To PCA Modules
Figure 27.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram
288
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
27.2. PCA0 Interrupt Sources
Figure 27.3 shows a diagram of the PCA interrupt tree. There are five independent event flags that can be
used to generate a PCA0 interrupt. They are as follows: the main PCA counter overflow flag (CF), which is
set upon a 16-bit overflow of the PCA0 counter, an intermediate overflow flag (COVF), which can be set on
an overflow from the 8th, 9th, 10th, or 11th bit of the PCA0 counter, and the individual flags for each PCA
channel (CCF0, CCF1, CCF2, CCF3, CCF4, and CCF5), which are set according to the operation mode of
that module. These event flags are always set when the trigger condition occurs. Each of these flags can
be individually selected to generate a PCA0 interrupt, using the corresponding interrupt enable flag (ECF
for CF, ECOV for COVF, and ECCFn for each CCFn). PCA0 interrupts must be globally enabled before any
individual interrupt sources are recognized by the processor. PCA0 interrupts are globally enabled by set-
ting the EA bit and the EPCA0 bit to logic 1.
(for n = 0 to 2)
PCA0CPMn
PCA0CN
PCA0MD
PCA0PWM
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
C C C C C C C C
F R C C C C C C
F F F F F F
C WW C C C E
I D D P P P C
D T L S S S F
L E C 2 1 0
K
A C E
C C
L L
S S
E E
L L
1 0
R O C
S V O
E F V
L
5 4 3 2 1 0
6 n n n
n
n
PCA Counter/Timer 8, 9,
10 or 11-bit Overflow
Set 8, 9, 10, or 11 bit Operation
0
1
PCA Counter/Timer 16-
bit Overflow
0
1
EPCA0
EA
ECCF0
Interrupt
Priority
Decoder
0
1
0
1
0
1
PCA Module 0
(CCF0)
ECCF1
ECCF2
0
1
PCA Module 1
(CCF1)
0
1
PCA Module 2
(CCF2)
ECCF3
ECCF4
ECCF5
0
1
PCA Module 3
(CCF3)
0
1
PCA Module 4
(CCF4)
0
1
PCA Module 5
(CCF5)
Figure 27.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram
27.3. Capture/Compare Modules
Each module can be configured to operate independently in one of six operation modes: Edge-triggered
Capture, Software Timer, High Speed Output, Frequency Output, 8 to 11-Bit Pulse Width Modulator, or 16-
Bit Pulse Width Modulator. Each module has Special Function Registers (SFRs) associated with it in the
CIP-51 system controller. These registers are used to exchange data with a module and configure the
module's mode of operation. Table 27.2 summarizes the bit settings in the PCA0CPMn and PCA0PWM
registers used to select the PCA capture/compare module’s operating mode. All modules set to use 8, 9,
10, or 11-bit PWM mode must use the same cycle length (8-11 bits). Setting the ECCFn bit in a
PCA0CPMn register enables the module's CCFn interrupt.
Rev. 1.1
289
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 27.2. PCA0CPM and PCA0PWM Bit Settings for
PCA Capture/Compare Modules
Operational Mode
PCA0CPMn
PCA0PWM
Bit Number
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4–2 1–0
X X 1 0 0 0 0 A 0 X B XXX XX
X X 0 1 0 0 0 A 0 X B XXX XX
X X 1 1 0 0 0 A 0 X B XXX XX
X C 0 0 1 0 0 A 0 X B XXX XX
X C 0 0 1 1 0 A 0 X B XXX XX
X C 0 0 0 1 1 A 0 X B XXX XX
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A 0 X B XXX 00
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A D X B XXX 01
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A D X B XXX 10
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A D X B XXX 11
1 C 0 0 E 0 1 A 0 X B XXX XX
Capture triggered by positive edge on CEXn
Capture triggered by negative edge on CEXn
Capture triggered by any transition on CEXn
Software Timer
High Speed Output
Frequency Output
8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
9-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
10-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
11-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator
Notes:
1. X = Don’t Care (no functional difference for individual module if 1 or 0).
2. A = 1 to enable interrupts for this module (PCA interrupt triggered on CCFn set to 1).
3. B = 1 to enable 8th, 9th, 10th or 11th bit overflow interrupt (Depends on setting of CLSEL[1:0]).
4. C = When set to 0, the digital comparator is off. For high speed and frequency output modes, the
associated pin will not toggle. In any of the PWM modes, this generates a 0% duty cycle (output = 0).
5. D = Selects whether the Capture/Compare register (0) or the Auto-Reload register (1) for the associated
channel is accessed via addresses PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
6. E = When set to 1, a match event will cause the CCFn flag for the associated channel to be set.
7. All modules set to 8, 9, 10 or 11-bit PWM mode use the same cycle length setting.
27.3.1. Edge-triggered Capture Mode
In this mode, a valid transition on the CEXn pin causes the PCA to capture the value of the PCA coun-
ter/timer and load it into the corresponding module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPLn and
PCA0CPHn). The CAPPn and CAPNn bits in the PCA0CPMn register are used to select the type of transi-
tion that triggers the capture: low-to-high transition (positive edge), high-to-low transition (negative edge),
or either transition (positive or negative edge). When a capture occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn)
in PCA0CN is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is
enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt ser-
vice routine, and must be cleared by software. If both CAPPn and CAPNn bits are set to logic 1, then the
state of the Port pin associated with CEXn can be read directly to determine whether a rising-edge or fall-
ing-edge caused the capture.
290
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
PCA Interrupt
PCA0CPMn
PCA0CN
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
C C C C C C C C
F R C C C C C C
F F F F F F
5 4 3 2 1 0
6 n n n
n
n
x x
0 0 0 x
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
0
1
CEXn
Capture
Port I/O
Crossbar
0
1
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
PCA0H
Figure 27.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram
Note: The CEXn input signal must remain high or low for at least 2 system clock cycles to be recognized by the
hardware.
27.3.2. Software Timer (Compare) Mode
In Software Timer mode, the PCA counter/timer value is compared to the module's 16-bit capture/compare
register (PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in
PCA0CN is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is
enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt ser-
vice routine, and must be cleared by software. Setting the ECOMn and MATn bits in the PCA0CPMn regis-
ter enables Software Timer mode.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Cap-
ture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
Rev. 1.1
291
C8051F50x-F51x
Write to
0
PCA0CPLn
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
PCA Interrupt
1
PCA0CPMn
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
PCA0CN
C C C C C C C C
F R C C C C C C
F F F F F F
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
6 n n n
n
2 1 0 2 1 0
n
x
0 0
0 0
x
0
1
Enable
Match
16-bit Comparator
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
PCA0H
Figure 27.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram
27.3.3. High-Speed Output Mode
In High-Speed Output mode, a module’s associated CEXn pin is toggled each time a match occurs
between the PCA Counter and the module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and
PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN is set to logic 1. An
interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is enabled. The CCFn bit is not auto-
matically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared
by software. Setting the TOGn, MATn, and ECOMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables the High-
Speed Output mode. If ECOMn is cleared, the associated pin will retain its state, and not toggle on the next
match event.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Cap-
ture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
292
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Write to
0
PCA0CPLn
ENB
Reset
PCA0CPMn
Write to
PCA0CPHn
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
ENB
1
6 n n n
n
n
x
0 0
0
x
PCA Interrupt
PCA0CN
C C C C C C C C
F R C C C C C C
F F F F F F
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
5 4 3 2 1 0
0
1
Enable
Match
16-bit Comparator
TOGn
Toggle
0
CEXn
Crossbar
Port I/O
1
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
PCA0H
Figure 27.6. PCA High-Speed Output Mode Diagram
27.3.4. Frequency Output Mode
Frequency Output Mode produces a programmable-frequency square wave on the module’s associated
CEXn pin. The capture/compare module high byte holds the number of PCA clocks to count before the out-
put is toggled. The frequency of the square wave is then defined by Equation 27.1.
FPCA
FCEXn = ------------------------------------------
2 PCA0CPHn
Note: A value of 0x00 in the PCA0CPHn register is equal to 256 for this equation.
Equation 27.1. Square Wave Frequency Output
Where FPCA is the frequency of the clock selected by the CPS[2:0] bits in the PCA mode register,
PCA0MD. The lower byte of the capture/compare module is compared to the PCA counter low byte; on a
match, CEXn is toggled and the offset held in the high byte is added to the matched value in PCA0CPLn.
Frequency Output Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, TOGn, and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn reg-
ister. Note that the MATn bit should normally be set to 0 in this mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn
flag for the channel will be set when the 16-bit PCA0 counter and the 16-bit capture/compare register for
the channel are equal.
Rev. 1.1
293
C8051F50x-F51x
Write to
0
PCA0CPLn
ENB
Reset
PCA0CPMn
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
PCA0CPLn
8-bit Adder
PCA0CPHn
1
Adder
Enable
6 n n n
n
n
TOGn
x
0 0 0
x
Toggle
0
CEXn
8-bit
Comparator
match
Enable
Crossbar
Port I/O
1
PCA Timebase
PCA0L
Figure 27.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode
27.3.5. 8-bit, 9-bit, 10-bit and 11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Modes
Each module can be used independently to generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) output on its associ-
ated CEXn pin. The frequency of the output is dependent on the timebase for the PCA counter/timer, and
the setting of the PWM cycle length (8, 9, 10 or 11-bits). For backwards-compatibility with the 8-bit PWM
mode available on other devices, the 8-bit PWM mode operates slightly different than 9, 10 and 11-bit
PWM modes. It is important to note that all channels configured for 8/9/10/11-bit PWM mode will use
the same cycle length. It is not possible to configure one channel for 8-bit PWM mode and another for 11-
bit mode (for example). However, other PCA channels can be configured to Pin Capture, High-Speed Out-
put, Software Timer, Frequency Output, or 16-bit PWM mode independently.
27.3.5.1. 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
The duty cycle of the PWM output signal in 8-bit PWM mode is varied using the module's PCA0CPLn cap-
ture/compare register. When the value in the low byte of the PCA counter/timer (PCA0L) is equal to the
value in PCA0CPLn, the output on the CEXn pin will be set. When the count value in PCA0L overflows, the
CEXn output will be reset (see Figure 27.8). Also, when the counter/timer low byte (PCA0L) overflows from
0xFF to 0x00, PCA0CPLn is reloaded automatically with the value stored in the module’s capture/compare
high byte (PCA0CPHn) without software intervention. Setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the
PCA0CPMn register, and setting the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM to 00b enables 8-Bit Pulse Width
Modulator mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module will be set each time an 8-bit
comparator match (rising edge) occurs. The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow
(falling edge), which will occur every 256 PCA clock cycles. The duty cycle for 8-Bit PWM Mode is given in
Equation 27.2.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Cap-
ture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
256 – PCA0CPHn
Duty Cycle = ------------------------------------------------------
256
Equation 27.2. 8-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
Using Equation 27.2, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPHn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is
0.39% (PCA0CPHn = 0xFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to 0.
294
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Write to
0
PCA0CPLn
ENB
Reset
PCA0CPHn
PCA0CPLn
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
COVF
1
PCA0PWM
A E C
R C O
S O V
E V F
L
PCA0CPMn
C C
L L
S S
E E
L L
1 0
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
0
x
0
0
0
0 0 x 0
x
8-bit
Comparator
match
SET
CLR
CEXn
Enable
S
R
Q
Q
Crossbar
Port I/O
PCA Timebase
PCA0L
Overflow
Figure 27.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram
27.3.5.2. 9/10/11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
The duty cycle of the PWM output signal in 9/10/11-bit PWM mode should be varied by writing to an “Auto-
Reload” Register, which is dual-mapped into the PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn register locations. The data
written to define the duty cycle should be right-justified in the registers. The auto-reload registers are
accessed (read or written) when the bit ARSEL in PCA0PWM is set to 1. The capture/compare registers
are accessed when ARSEL is set to 0.
When the least-significant N bits of the PCA0 counter match the value in the associated module’s cap-
ture/compare register (PCA0CPn), the output on CEXn is asserted high. When the counter overflows from
the Nth bit, CEXn is asserted low (see Figure 27.9). Upon an overflow from the Nth bit, the COVF flag is
set, and the value stored in the module’s auto-reload register is loaded into the capture/compare register.
The value of N is determined by the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM.
The 9, 10 or 11-bit PWM mode is selected by setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn regis-
ter, and setting the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM to the desired cycle length (other than 8-bits). If the
MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module will be set each time a comparator match (rising edge)
occurs. The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow (falling edge), which will occur
every 512 (9-bit), 1024 (10-bit) or 2048 (11-bit) PCA clock cycles. The duty cycle for 9/10/11-Bit PWM
Mode is given in Equation 27.2, where N is the number of bits in the PWM cycle.
Important Note About PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the
PCA0CPn registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn
bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
N
2 – PCA0CPn
Duty Cycle = -----------------------------------------------
N
2
Equation 27.3. 9, 10, and 11-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to 0.
Rev. 1.1
295
C8051F50x-F51x
Write to
0
PCA0CPLn
R/W when
ARSEL = 1
ENB
(Auto-Reload)
PCA0CPH:Ln
(right-justified)
PCA0PWM
Reset
A E C
C C
L L
S S
E E
L L
1 0
R C O
S O V
E V F
L
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
x
R/W when
ARSEL = 0
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
(Capture/Compare)
Set “N” bits:
01 = 9 bits
10 = 10 bits
11 = 11 bits
PCA0CPH:Ln
(right-justified)
6 n n n
n
n
0
0 0 x 0
x
match
SET
CEXn
Enable
N-bit Comparator
S
R
Q
Q
Crossbar
Port I/O
CLR
PCA Timebase
PCA0H:L
Overflow of Nth Bit
Figure 27.9. PCA 9, 10 and 11-Bit PWM Mode Diagram
27.3.6. 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
A PCA module may also be operated in 16-Bit PWM mode. 16-bit PWM mode is independent of the other
(8/9/10/11-bit) PWM modes. In this mode, the 16-bit capture/compare module defines the number of PCA
clocks for the low time of the PWM signal. When the PCA counter matches the module contents, the out-
put on CEXn is asserted high; when the 16-bit counter overflows, CEXn is asserted low. To output a vary-
ing duty cycle, new value writes should be synchronized with PCA CCFn match interrupts. 16-Bit PWM
Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, PWMn, and PWM16n bits in the PCA0CPMn register. For a vary-
ing duty cycle, match interrupts should be enabled (ECCFn = 1 AND MATn = 1) to help synchronize the
capture/compare register writes. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module will be set each
time a 16-bit comparator match (rising edge) occurs. The CF flag in PCA0CN can be used to detect the
overflow (falling edge). The duty cycle for 16-Bit PWM Mode is given by Equation 27.4.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Cap-
ture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
65536 – PCA0CPn
Duty Cycle = --------------------------------------------------------
65536
Equation 27.4. 16-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
Using Equation 27.4, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is
0.0015% (PCA0CPn = 0xFFFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to 0.
296
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Write to
0
PCA0CPLn
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
P E C C M T P E
W C A A A O W C
M O P P T G M C
1 M P N n n n F
PCA0CPHn
PCA0CPLn
6 n n n
n
n
1
0 0 x 0
x
match
SET
CLR
CEXn
Enable
16-bit Comparator
S
R
Q
Q
Crossbar
Port I/O
PCA Timebase
PCA0H
PCA0L
Overflow
Figure 27.10. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode
27.4. Watchdog Timer Mode
A programmable watchdog timer (WDT) function is available through the PCA Module 5. The WDT is used
to generate a reset if the time between writes to the WDT update register (PCA0CPH5) exceed a specified
limit. The WDT can be configured and enabled/disabled as needed by software.
With the WDTE bit set in the PCA0MD register, Module 5 operates as a watchdog timer (WDT). The Mod-
ule 5 high byte is compared to the PCA counter high byte; the Module 5 low byte holds the offset to be
used when WDT updates are performed. The Watchdog Timer is enabled on reset. Writes to some
PCA registers are restricted while the Watchdog Timer is enabled. The WDT will generate a reset
shortly after code begins execution. To avoid this reset, the WDT should be explicitly disabled (and option-
ally re-configured and re-enabled if it is used in the system).
27.4.1. Watchdog Timer Operation
While the WDT is enabled:
PCA counter is forced on.
Writes to PCA0L and PCA0H are not allowed.
PCA clock source bits (CPS[2:0]) are frozen.
PCA Idle control bit (CIDL) is frozen.
Module 5 is forced into software timer mode.
Writes to the Module 5 mode register (PCA0CPM5) are disabled.
While the WDT is enabled, writes to the CR bit will not change the PCA counter state; the counter will run
until the WDT is disabled. The PCA counter run control bit (CR) will read zero if the WDT is enabled but
user software has not enabled the PCA counter. If a match occurs between PCA0CPH5 and PCA0H while
the WDT is enabled, a reset will be generated. To prevent a WDT reset, the WDT may be updated with a
write of any value to PCA0CPH5. Upon a PCA0CPH5 write, PCA0H plus the offset held in PCA0CPL5 is
loaded into PCA0CPH5 (See Figure 27.11).
Rev. 1.1
297
C8051F50x-F51x
PCA0MD
C W W C C C E
I D D P P P C
D T L S S S F
L E C 2 1 0
K
PCA0CPH5
8-bit
Comparator
Match
Reset
Enable
PCA0L Overflow
PCA0CPL5
8-bit Adder
PCA0H
Adder
Enable
Write to
PCA0CPH2
Figure 27.11. PCA Module 2 with Watchdog Timer Enabled
Note that the 8-bit offset held in PCA0CPH5 is compared to the upper byte of the 16-bit PCA counter. This
offset value is the number of PCA0L overflows before a reset. Up to 256 PCA clocks may pass before the
first PCA0L overflow occurs, depending on the value of the PCA0L when the update is performed. The
total offset is then given (in PCA clocks) by Equation 27.5, where PCA0L is the value of the PCA0L register
at the time of the update.
Offset = 256 x PCA0CPL5 + 256 – PCA0L
Equation 27.5. Watchdog Timer Offset in PCA Clocks
The WDT reset is generated when PCA0L overflows while there is a match between PCA0CPH5 and
PCA0H. Software may force a WDT reset by writing a 1 to the CCF5 flag (PCA0CN.5) while the WDT is
enabled.
27.4.2. Watchdog Timer Usage
To configure the WDT, perform the following tasks:
Disable the WDT by writing a 0 to the WDTE bit.
Select the desired PCA clock source (with the CPS[2:0] bits).
Load PCA0CPL5 with the desired WDT update offset value.
Configure the PCA Idle mode (set CIDL if the WDT should be suspended while the CPU is in Idle
mode).
Enable the WDT by setting the WDTE bit to 1.
Reset the WDT timer by writing to PCA0CPH5.
The PCA clock source and Idle mode select cannot be changed while the WDT is enabled. The watchdog
timer is enabled by setting the WDTE or WDLCK bits in the PCA0MD register. When WDLCK is set, the
WDT cannot be disabled until the next system reset. If WDLCK is not set, the WDT is disabled by clearing
the WDTE bit.
The WDT is enabled following any reset. The PCA0 counter clock defaults to the system clock divided by
12, PCA0L defaults to 0x00, and PCA0CPL5 defaults to 0x00. Using Equation 27.5, this results in a WDT
timeout interval of 256 PCA clock cycles, or 3072 system clock cycles. Table 27.3 lists some example tim-
eout intervals for typical system clocks.
298
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
Table 27.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1
System Clock (Hz)
PCA0CPL5
Timeout Interval (ms)
24,000,000
24,000,000
24,000,000
3,000,000
3,000,000
3,000,000
187,5002
255
128
32
255
128
32
255
128
32
32.8
16.5
4.2
262.1
132.1
33.8
4194
2114
541
187,5002
187,5002
Notes:
1. Assumes SYSCLK/12 as the PCA clock source, and a PCA0L value
of 0x00 at the update time.
2. Internal SYSCLK reset frequency = Internal Oscillator divided by
128.
Rev. 1.1
299
C8051F50x-F51x
27.5. Register Descriptions for PCA0
Following are detailed descriptions of the special function registers related to the operation of the PCA.
SFR Definition 27.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CF
CR
CCF5
CCF4
CCF3
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xD8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
CF
PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the PCA Counter/Timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
When the Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared
by hardware and must be cleared by software.
6
CR
PCA Counter/Timer Run Control.
This bit enables/disables the PCA Counter/Timer.
0: PCA Counter/Timer disabled.
1: PCA Counter/Timer enabled.
5
4
3
2
1
0
CCF5
CCF4
CCF3
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
PCA Module 5 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF5 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
PCA Module 4 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF4 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
PCA Module 3 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF3 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
PCA Module 2 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF2 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
PCA Module 1 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF1 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
PCA Module 0 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF0 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service rou-
tine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
300
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 27.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CIDL
WDTE
WDLCK
CPS[2:0]
ECF
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
1
R/W
0
R
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xD9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
CIDL
PCA Counter/Timer Idle Control.
Specifies PCA behavior when CPU is in Idle Mode.
0: PCA continues to function normally while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
1: PCA operation is suspended while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
6
5
WDTE
Watchdog Timer Enable
If this bit is set, PCA Module 5 is used as the watchdog timer.
0: Watchdog Timer disabled.
1: PCA Module 5 enabled as Watchdog Timer.
WDLCK
Watchdog Timer Lock
This bit locks/unlocks the Watchdog Timer Enable. When WDLCK is set, the Watchdog
Timer may not be disabled until the next system reset.
0: Watchdog Timer Enable unlocked.
1: Watchdog Timer Enable locked.
4
Unused Read = 0b, Write = Don't care.
3:1 CPS[2:0]
PCA Counter/Timer Pulse Select.
These bits select the timebase source for the PCA counter
000: System clock divided by 12
001: System clock divided by 4
010: Timer 0 overflow
011: High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided by 4)
100: System clock
101: External clock divided by 8 (synchronized with the system clock)
11x: Reserved
0
ECF
PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt.
0: Disable the CF interrupt.
1: Enable a PCA Counter/Timer Overflow interrupt request when CF (PCA0CN.7) is
set.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the other bits in the PCA0MD register cannot be modified. To change the
contents of the PCA0MD register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
Rev. 1.1
301
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 27.3. PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ARSEL
ECOV
COVF
CLSEL[1:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD9; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
ARSEL
Auto-Reload Register Select.
This bit selects whether to read and write the normal PCA capture/compare registers
(PCA0CPn), or the Auto-Reload registers at the same SFR addresses. This function
is used to define the reload value for 9, 10, and 11-bit PWM modes. In all other
modes, the Auto-Reload registers have no function.
0: Read/Write Capture/Compare Registers at PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
1: Read/Write Auto-Reload Registers at PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
6
5
ECOV
COVF
Cycle Overflow Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Cycle Overflow Flag (COVF) interrupt.
0: COVF will not generate PCA interrupts.
1: A PCA interrupt will be generated when COVF is set.
Cycle Overflow Flag.
This bit indicates an overflow of the 8th, 9th, 10th, or 11th bit of the main PCA counter
(PCA0). The specific bit used for this flag depends on the setting of the Cycle Length
Select bits. The bit can be set by hardware or software, but must be cleared by soft-
ware.
0: No overflow has occurred since the last time this bit was cleared.
1: An overflow has occurred since the last time this bit was cleared.
4:2
Unused
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t care.
1:0 CLSEL[1:0]
Cycle Length Select.
When 16-bit PWM mode is not selected, these bits select the length of the PWM
cycle, between 8, 9, 10, or 11 bits. This affects all channels configured for PWM which
are not using 16-bit PWM mode. These bits are ignored for individual channels config-
ured to16-bit PWM mode.
00: 8 bits.
01: 9 bits.
10: 10 bits.
11: 11 bits.
302
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 27.4. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PWM16n
ECOMn
CAPPn
CAPNn
MATn
TOGn
PWMn
ECCFn
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Addresses: PCA0CPM0 = 0xDA, PCA0CPM1 = 0xDB, PCA0CPM2 = 0xDC; PCA0CPM3 = 0xDD,
PCA0CPM4 = 0xDE, PCA0CPM5 = 0xDF, SFR Page (all registers) = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
PWM16n 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
0: 8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1: 16-bit PWM selected.
6
5
4
3
ECOMn Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function for PCA module n when set to 1.
CAPPn Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture for PCA module n when set to 1.
CAPNn Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture for PCA module n when set to 1.
MATn
Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function for PCA module n when set to 1. When enabled,
matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the CCFn
bit in PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
1
0
TOGn
Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function for PCA module n when set to 1. When enabled,
matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the logic
level on the CEXn pin to toggle. If the PWMn bit is also set to logic 1, the module oper-
ates in Frequency Output Mode.
PWMn Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function for PCA module n when set to 1. When enabled, a
pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEXn pin. 8 to 11-bit PWM is used if
PWM16n is cleared; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16n is set to logic 1. If the TOGn bit is
also set, the module operates in Frequency Output Mode.
ECCFn Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) interrupt.
0: Disable CCFn interrupts.
1: Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCFn is set.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0CPM5 register cannot be modified, and module 5 acts as the
watchdog timer. To change the contents of the PCA0CPM5 register or the function of module 5, the Watchdog
Timer must be disabled.
Rev. 1.1
303
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 27.5. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0[7:0]
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xF9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 PCA0[7:0] PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte.
Function
The PCA0L register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0L register cannot be modified by software. To change the contents of
the PCA0L register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
SFR Definition 27.6. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0[15:8]
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Address = 0xFA; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit Name
7:0 PCA0[15:8] PCA Counter/Timer High Byte.
Function
The PCA0H register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
Reads of this register will read the contents of a “snapshot” register, whose contents
are updated only when the contents of PCA0L are read (see Section 27.1).
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0H register cannot be modified by software. To change the contents of
the PCA0H register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
304
Rev. 1.1
C8051F50x-F51x
SFR Definition 27.7. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0CPn[7:0]
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Addresses: PCA0CPL0 = 0xFB, PCA0CPL1 = 0xE9, PCA0CPL2 = 0xEB, PCA0CPL3 = 0xED,
PCA0CPL4 = 0xFD, PCA0CPL5 = 0xCE; SFR Page (all registers) = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0 PCA0CPn[7:0] PCA Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPLn register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module n.
This register address also allows access to the low byte of the corresponding
PCA channel’s auto-reload value for 9, 10, or 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit
in register PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
Note: A write to this register will clear the module’s ECOMn bit to a 0.
SFR Definition 27.8. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0CPn[15:8]
Name
Type
Reset
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
SFR Addresses: PCA0CPH0 = 0xFC, PCA0CPH1 = 0xEA, PCA0CPH2 = 0xEC, PCA0CPH3 = 0xEE,
PCA0CPH4 = 0xFE, PCA0CPH5 = 0xCF; SFR Page (all registers) = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0 PCA0CPn[15:8] PCA Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPHn register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module n.
This register address also allows access to the high byte of the corresponding
PCA channel’s auto-reload value for 9, 10, or 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in
register PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
Note: A write to this register will set the module’s ECOMn bit to a 1.
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28. C2 Interface
C8051F50x-F51x devices include an on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug interface to allow Flash pro-
gramming and in-system debugging with the production part installed in the end application. The C2 inter-
face uses a clock signal (C2CK) and a bi-directional C2 data signal (C2D) to transfer information between
the device and a host system. See the C2 Interface Specification for details on the C2 protocol.
28.1. C2 Interface Registers
The following describes the C2 registers necessary to perform Flash programming through the C2 inter-
face. All C2 registers are accessed through the C2 interface as described in the C2 Interface Specification.
C2 Register Definition 28.1. C2ADD: C2 Address
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C2ADD[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit
Name
Function
7:0 C2ADD[7:0]
C2 Address.
The C2ADD register is accessed via the C2 interface to select the target Data register
for C2 Data Read and Data Write commands.
Address
Description
0x00
0x01
0x02
Selects the Device ID register for Data Read instructions
Selects the Revision ID register for Data Read instructions
Selects the C2 Flash Programming Control register for Data
Read/Write instructions
0xB4
Selects the C2 Flash Programming Data register for Data
Read/Write instructions
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C2 Register Definition 28.2. DEVICEID: C2 Device ID
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DEVICEID[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
C2 Address: 0xFD
Bit Name
7:0 DEVICEID[7:0] Device ID.
This read-only register returns the 8-bit device ID: 0x1C (C8051F50x-F51x).
Function
C2 Register Definition 28.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
REVID[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
C2 Address: 0xFE
Bit Name
7:0 REVID[7:0] Revision ID.
This read-only register returns the 8-bit revision ID. For example: 0x00 = Revision A.
Function
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C8051F50x-F51x
C2 Register Definition 28.4. FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FPCTL[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C2 Address: 0x02
Bit Name
7:0 FPCTL[7:0] Flash Programming Control Register.
Function
This register is used to enable Flash programming via the C2 interface. To enable C2
Flash programming, the following codes must be written in order: 0x02, 0x01. Note
that once C2 Flash programming is enabled, a system reset must be issued to
resume normal operation.
C2 Register Definition 28.5. FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FPDAT[7:0]
R/W
Name
Type
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C2 Address: 0xB4
Bit Name
7:0 FPDAT[7:0] C2 Flash Programming Data Register.
Function
This register is used to pass Flash commands, addresses, and data during C2 Flash
accesses. Valid commands are listed below.
Code
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x03
Command
Flash Block Read
Flash Block Write
Flash Page Erase
Device Erase
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28.2. C2 Pin Sharing
The C2 protocol allows the C2 pins to be shared with user functions so that in-system debugging and
Flash programming may be performed. This is possible because C2 communication is typically performed
when the device is in the halt state, where all on-chip peripherals and user software are stalled. In this
halted state, the C2 interface can safely ‘borrow’ the C2CK (RST) and C2D pins. In most applications,
external resistors are required to isolate C2 interface traffic from the user application. A typical isolation
configuration is shown in Figure 28.1.
C8051Fxxx
RST (a)
Input (b)
C2CK
C2D
Output (c)
C2 Interface Master
Figure 28.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing
The configuration in Figure 28.1 assumes the following:
1. The user input (b) cannot change state while the target device is halted.
2. The RST pin on the target device is used as an input only.
Additional resistors may be necessary depending on the specific application.
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DOCUMENT CHANGE LIST
Revision 0.2 to Revision 1.0
Added documentation for 40-pin QFN devices in all relevant chapters.
Change oscillator specification for devices initially specified to have ±1.0% oscillators. All devices are
now rated for ±0.5% across operating voltage and temperature.
Removed all content from “1. System Overview”after block diagrams.
Updated “5. Electrical Characteristics”—Updated various specifications and filled in all TBD values for
all specifications.
Updated “Table 5.11. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics”—Changed Minimum external
reference input voltage from 0 V to 1 V.
Updated “9. Comparators”—Fixed incorrect references to SFR Definitions 7.x.
Updated “Table 13.1”—Added SFRs SN0, SN1, SN2, and SN3 to SFR map.
Updated “SFR Definition 19.2” (OSCICN) - Removed errant row for Bit 6. Also, Bit 3 defintion changed
to a Reserved bit from an Unused bit.
Updated “20. Port Input/Output”—Added Port 4 to the crossbar diagrams and documentation.
Updated “27.4. Watchdog Timer Mode”—Fixed incorrect references from Module 2 as the watchdog
module to Module 5.
Revision 1.0 to Revision 1.1
Updated “Ordering Information” on page 20 and Table 2.1, “Product Selection Guide,” on page 21 to
include -A (Automotive) devices and automotive qualification information.
Updated supply current related specifications throughout “5. Electrical Characteristics”.
Updated SFR Definition 8.1 to change VREF high setting to 2.20 V from 2.25 V.
Updated Table 5.12 on page 51 and Figure 9.1 on page 75 to indicate that Comparators are powered
from VIO and not VDDA
.
Updated Table 5.12 on page 51 to fix Comparator Supply Current Typical values for Modes 2 and 3.
Updated the Gain Table in “6.3.1. Calculating the Gain Value” to fix the ADC0GNH Value in the last row.
Updated Table 11.1 on page 89 with correct timing for all branch instructions, MOVC, and CPL A.
Updated “15.1. Programming The Flash Memory” to clarify behavior of 8-bit MOVX instructions and
when writing/erasing Flash.
Updated SFR Definition 15.3 to include FLEWT bit definition. This bit must be set before writing or
erasing Flash. Also updated Table 5.5 to reflect new Flash Write and Erase timing.
Updated “17.7. Flash Error Reset” with an additional cause of a Flash Error reset.
Updated “20.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O in a Multi-Voltage System” to remove note regarding interfacing to
voltages above VIO.
Updated “23. SMBus”to remove all hardware ACK features, including SMB0ADM and SMB0ADR
SFRs.
Updated “24.3.2. Data Reception” to clarify UART receive FIFO behavior.
Updated SFR Definition 24.1 for SCON0 to correct SFR Page to 0x00 from All Pages.
Note: All items from the C8051F50x-F51x Errata dated July 1, 2009 are incorporated into this data sheet.
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NOTES:
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C8051F50x-F51x
CONTACT INFORMATION
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312
Rev. 1.1
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