SP6132 [SIPEX]
Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller; 宽输入, 300KHz的同步PWM控制器型号: | SP6132 |
厂家: | SIPEX CORPORATION |
描述: | Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller |
文件: | 总14页 (文件大小:314K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
®
SP6132
Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
FEATURES
■ 3V to 12V Step Down Achieved Using Dual Input
VCC
GL
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
BST
GH
■ 2A to 15A Ouput Capability
SP6132
■ Highly Integrated Design, Minimal Components
■ UVLO Detects Both VCC and VIN
GND
VFB
8
SWN
SS
10 Pin MSOP
■ Short Circuit Protection with Auto-Restart
■ On-Board 1.5Ω sink (2Ω source) NFET Drivers
■ Wide BW Amp Allows Type II or III Compensation
■ Programmable Soft Start
7
6
COMP
UVIN
Now Available in Lead Free Packaging
■ Fast Transient Response
■ High Efficiency: Greater than 95% Possible
■ A Synchronous Start-Up into a Pre-Charged Output
■ Small 10-Pin MSOP Package
DESCRIPTION
The SP6132 is wide input, synchronous step-down switching controller optimized for high efficiency. The part is
designed to be especially attractive for dual supply, 12V step down with 5V used to power the controller. This lower VCC
voltage minimizes power dissipation in the part. The SP6132 is designed to drive a pair of external NFETs using a fixed
300kHz frequency, PWM voltage mode architecture. Protection features include UVLO, thermal shutdown and output
short circuit protection. The SP6132 is available in the cost and space saving 10-pin MSOP.
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
VIN
12V
C2
22µF
16V
C1
22µF
16V
8
7 6 5
QT
FDS7088N3
21A, 5mΩ
GND
4
C1, C2
1
2 3
Ceramic
1210
X5R
V
CC
DBST
V
OUT
U1
MBR0530
CBST
1µF
L1 SC5018-2R7M
2.7µH @ 12A
DCR=4.30mΩ
3.3V
0 - 10 A
RZ3
1
2
3
4
5
8
7 6 5
10
9
V
BST
CC
4.64k, 1%
10V
CVCC
10µF
SP6132
C4
47µF
6.3V
C3
47µF
6.3V
GND 3
GH
SWN
SS
GL
R1
QB
R5
8
GND
VFB
68.1k, 1%
FDS7088N3
4
CZ3
220pF
R3
221k, 1%
6.3V
5.11, 1%
7
3 21A, 5m
Ω
SS
1
2
6
COMP
UVIN
CVCC
Ceramic
0805
UV
IN
CSS
47nF
GND2
CZ2
RZ2
R2
21.5k, 1%
1500pF 27.4k, 1%
CP1
R4
X5R
C3, C4
Ceramic
1210
100k, 1%
C7
0.1µF
CF1
100pF
22pF
X5R
ALL RESISTORS AND CAPS ARE 0603 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
fs=300Khz
Q1, Q2 BOTTOM SIDE DRAIN CONTACT
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections
of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
Peak Output Current < 10us
GH,GL ............................................................................................. 2A
Storage Temperature .................................................. -65°C to 150°C
Power Dissipation .......................................................................... 1W
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ...................................... 300°C
ESD Rating .......................................................................... 2kV HBM
Thermal Resistance ............................................................. 41.9°C/W
VCC .................................................................................................. 7V
BST ............................................................................................... 22V
BST-SWN ......................................................................... -0.3V to 7V
SWN ................................................................................... -1V to 15V
GH ......................................................................... -0.3V to BST+0.3V
GH-SWN ......................................................................................... 7V
All other pins .......................................................... -0.3V to VCC+0.3V
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Unless otherwise specified: 0°C < TAMB < 70°C, 4.5V < VCC < 5.5V, BST=VCC,SWN = GND = 0V, UVIN = 3.0V, CVCC = 10µF,
C
COMP = 0.1µF, CGH = CGL = 3.3nF, CSS = 50nF, Typical measured at VCC=5V. The ♦ denotes the specifications which
apply over the -40°C to 85°C temperature range, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
MIN
TYP
MAX UNITS
CONDITIONS
QUIESCENT CURRENT
VCC Supply Current
BST Supply Current
PROTECTION: UVLO
VCC UVLO Start Threshold
VCC UVLO Hysteresis
UVIN Start Threshold
UVIN Hysteresis
1.5
0.2
3
mA
mA
♦
♦
VFB =0.9V (No switching)
VFB =0.9V (No switching)
0.4
4.00
100
2.3
4.25
200
2.5
4.5
300
2.65
400
1
V
mV
V
200
300
mV
µA
UVIN Input Current
UVIN =3.0V
ERROR AMPLIFIER REFERENCE
Error Amplifier Reference
0.792 0.800
0.788 0.800
0.808
0.812
V
V
2X Gain Config., Measure VFB; VCC
5V, T=25ºC
=
Error Amplifier Reference
Over Line and Temperature
♦
Error Amplifier Transconductance
Error Amplifier Gain
6
60
150
150
50
4
ms
dB
No Load
COMP Sink Current
µA
VFB = 0.9V, COMP = 0.9V
VFB = 0.7V, COMP = 2.2V
VFB = 0.8V
COMP Source Current
VFB Input Bias Current
Internal Pole
µA
200
nA
♦
♦
MHz
V
COMP Clamp
2.5
-2
VFB=0.7V, TA = 25°C
COMP Clamp Temp. Coefficient
mV/°C
CONTROL LOOP: PWM COMPARATOR, RAMP & LOOP DELAY PATH
Ramp Amplitude
RAMP Offset
0.92
1.1
1.1
1.28
180
360
V
V
TA = 25°C, RAMP COMP
until GH starts switching
RAMP Offset Temp. Coefficient
GH Minimum Pulse Width
-2
90
97
mV/°C
ns
Maximum Controllable Duty Ratio
92
%
♦
♦
Maximum Duty Ratio Measured just
before pulse skipping begins
Maximum Duty Ratio
100
240
%
Valid for 20 Cycles
Internal Oscillator Frequency
300
kHz
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
2
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Continued
Unless otherwise specified: 0°C < TAMB < 70°C, 4.5V < VCC < 5.5V, BST=VCC,SWN = GND = 0V, UVIN = 3.0V, CVCC = 10µF,
C
COMP = 0.1µF, CGH = CGL = 3.3nF, CSS = 50nF, Typical measured at VCC=5V. The ♦ denotes the specifications which
apply over the -40°C to 85°C temperature range, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
MIN
TYP
MAX UNITS
CONDITIONS
TIMERS: SOFTSTART
SS Charge Current:
SS Discharge Current:
10
µA
1
mA
♦
Fault Present, SS = 0.2V
PROTECTION: SHORT CIRCUIT & THERMAL
Short Circuit Threshold Voltage
Hiccup Timeout
0.2
0.25
200
20
0.3
V
Measured VREF (0.8V) - VFB
VFB = 0.5V
ms
Number of Allowable Clock Cycles
at 100% Duty Cycle
Cycles
VFB = 0.7V
Minimum GL Pulse After 20 Cycles
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Thermal Recovery Temperature
Thermal Hysteresis
0.5
145
135
10
Cycles
°C
VFB = 0.7V
°C
°C
OUTPUT: NFET GATE DRIVERS
GH & GL Rise Times
35
30
45
25
50
1.5
2.5
50
40
70
40
85
1.9
3.0
ns
ns
ns
ns
KΩ
Ω
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
Measured 10% to 90%
GH & GL Fall Times
Measured 90% to 10%
GL to GH Non Overlap Time
SWN to GL Non Overlap Time
GH & GL Pull Down Resistance
Driver Pull Down Resistance
Driver Pull Up Resistance
GH & GL Measured at 2.0V
Measured SWN = 100mV to GL = 2.0V
15
Note 1
Note 1
Ω
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN # PIN NAME DESCRIPTION
1
2
3
4
VCC
Bias Supply Input. Connect to external 5V supply. Used to power internal circuits and
low side gate driver.
GL
High current driver output for the low side NFET switch. It is always low if GH is high or
during a fault. Resistor pull down ensure low state at low voltage.
GND
VFB
Ground Pin. The control circuitry of the IC and lower power driver are referenced to this
pin. Return separately from other ground traces to the (-) terminal of COUT
.
Feedback Voltage and Short Circuit Detection pin. It is the inverting input of the Error
Amplifier and serves as the output voltage feedback point for the Buck Converter. The
output voltage is sensed and can be adjusted through an external resistor divider.
Whenever VFB drops 0.25V below the positive reference, a short circuit fault is detected
and the IC enters hiccup mode.
5
COMP
Output of the Error Amplifier. It is internally connected to the inverting input of the PWM
comparator. An optimal filter combination is chosen and connected to this pin and either
ground or VFB to stabilize the voltage mode loop.
6
7
UVIN
SS
UVLO input for VIN voltage. Connect a resistor divider between VIN and UVIN to set
minimum operating voltage.
Soft Start. Connect an external capacitor between SS and GND to set the soft start rate
based on the 10µA source current. The SS pin is held low via a 1mA (min) current during
all fault conditions.
8
9
SWN
GH
Lower supply rail for the GH high-side gate driver. Connect this pin to the switching node
at the junction between the two external power MOSFET transistors.
High current driver output for the high side NFET switch. It is always low if GL is high or
during a fault. Resistor pull down ensure low state at low voltage.
10
BST
High side driver supply pin. Connect BST to the external boost diode and capacitor as
shown in the Typical Application Circuit on page 1. High side driver is connected between
BST pin and SWN pin.
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
3
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
5
COMP
100% Protection Logic
CLR
FAULT
PULSES
COUNT 20
CLOCK
V
10
9
BST
CC
CLK
RESET
PWM LOOP
Gm ERROR AMPLIFIER
VFBINT
V
DOMINANT
GH
Gm
FAULT
R
VPOS
SYNCHRONOUS
DRIVER
QPWM
V
4
FB
8
2
SWN
GL
CC
Q
V
CC
FAULT
S
10 µA
7
300 kHZ
CLK
SOFTSTART INPUT
POS REF
SS
RAMP = 1.1V
CLOCK PULSE GENERATOR
FAULT
0.4 V
GL HOLD OFF
SS
0.8V
1.7 V
REFERENCE
CORE
1.7 V
V
1
CC
REF OK
3
GND
ASYNC. STARTUP
COMPARATOR
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
SET
DOMINANT
145 ˚C ON
135 ˚C OFF
S
HICCUP FAULT
REF OK
Q
SHORT CIRCUIT
DETECTION
+
FAULT
0.25 V
+ -
VPOS
-
R
VFBINT
+
VCC
POWER FAULT
4.25 V ON
4.05 V OFF
VCC UVLO
-
+
-
2.50 VON
2.20 V OFF
VIN UVLO
CLK
6
UVIN
COUNTER
CLR
200ms Delay
REF OK
THERMAL AND SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
UVLO COMPARATORS
THEORY OF OPERATION
General Overview
The SP6132 is a fixed frequency, voltage mode,
synchronousPWMcontrolleroptimizedforhigh
efficiency. The part has been designed to be
especially attractive for split plane applications
utilizing 5V to power the controller and 3V to
12V for step down conversion.
The SP6132 contains two unique control fea-
tures that are very powerful in distributed appli-
cations. First, asynchronous driver control is
enabled during start up to prohibit the low side
NFET from pulling down the output until the
high side NFET has attempted to turn on. Sec-
ond, a 100% duty cycle timeout ensures that the
low side NFET is periodically enhanced during
extended periods at 100% duty cycle. This guar-
antees the synchronized refreshing of the BST
capacitor during very large duty ratios.
The heart of the SP6132 is a wide bandwidth
transconductance amplifier designed to accom-
modate Type II and Type III compensation
schemes. A precision 0.8V reference present on
the positive terminal of the error amplifier per-
mits the programming of the output voltage
down to 0.8V via the VFB pin. The output of the
error amplifier, COMP, compared to a 1.1V
peak-to-peak ramp is responsible for trailing
edgePWMcontrol.ThisvoltagerampandPWM
control logic are governed by the internal oscil-
lator that accurately sets the PWM frequency to
300kHz.
The SP6132 also contains a number of valuable
protectionfeatures.Aprogrammableinput(VIN)
UVLO allows a user to set the exact value at
which the conversion voltage is at a safe point to
begin down conversion, and an internal VCC
UVLO ensures that the controller itself has
enough voltage to properly operate. Other pro-
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
4
THEORY OF OPERATION: Continued
Thermal and Short-Circuit
Protection
tection features include thermal shutdown and
short-circuit detection. In the event that either a
thermal, short-circuit, or UVLO fault is de-
tected, the SP6132 is forced into an idle state
where the output drivers are held off for a finite
period before a re-start is attempted.
Because the SP6132 is designed to drive large
NFETs running at high current, there is a chance
that either the controller or power converter will
become too hot. Therefore, an internal thermal
shutdown (145°C) has been included to prevent
the IC from malfunctioning at extreme tempera-
tures.
Soft Start
“Soft Start” is achieved when a power converter
ramps up the output voltage while controlling
the magnitude of the input supply source cur-
rent. In a modern step down converter, ramping
up the positive terminal of the error amplifier
controls soft start. As a result, excess source
current can be defined as the current required to
charge the output capacitor.
A short-circuit detection comparator has also
been included in the SP6132 to protect against
the accidental short or sever build up of current
at the output of the power converter. This com-
parator constantly monitors the positive and
negative terminals of the error amplifier, and if
the VFB pin ever falls more than 250mV (typi-
cal) below the positive reference, a short-circuit
fault is set. Because the SS pin overrides the
internal 0.8V reference during soft start, the
SP6132 is capable of detecting short-circuit
faults throughout the duration of soft start as
well as in regular operation.
IVIN = COUT * DVOUT / DTSoft-start
The SP6132 provides the user with the option to
program the soft start rate by tying a capacitor
from the SS pin to GND. The selection of this
capacitor is based on the 10uA pull up current
present at the SS pin and the 0.8V reference
voltage. Therefore, the excess source can be
redefined as:
Handling of Faults:
Upon the detection of power (UVLO), thermal,
or short-circuit faults, the SP6132 is forced into
an idle state where the SS and COMP pins are
pulled low and the gate drivers are held off. In
the event of UVLO fault, the SP6132 remains in
this idle state until the UVLO fault is removed.
Upon the detection of a thermal or shor-circuit
fault, an internal 200ms (typical) timer is acti-
vated. In the event of a short-circuit fault, a re-
start is attempted immediately after the 200ms
timeout expires. Wereas, when a thermal fault
is detected the 200ms delay continuously re-
cycles and a re-start cannot be attempted until
the thermal fault is removed and the timer ex-
pires.
IVIN = COUT * DVOUT *10µA / (CSS * 0.8V)
Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO)
The SP6132 contains two separate UVLO com-
parators to monitor the bias (VCC) and conver-
sion (VIN) voltages independently. The VCC
UVLO threshold is internally set to 4.25V,
whereas the VIN UVLO threshold is program-
mable through the UVIN pin. When the UVIN
pinisgreaterthan2.5V, theSP6132ispermitted
to start up pending the removal of all other
faults. Both the VCC and VIN UVLO compara-
tors have been designed with hysteresis to pre-
vent noise from resetting a fault.
Error Amplifier and Voltage Loop
Asstatedbefore, theheartoftheSP6132voltage
error loop is a high performance, wide band-
width transconductance amplifier. Because of
the amplifier’s current limited (+/-150µA)
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
5
THEORY OF OPERATION: Continued
transconductance, there are many ways to com-
pensate the voltage loop or to control the COMP
pin externally. If a simple, single pole, single
zero response is required, then compensation
can be a simple as an RC to ground. If a more
complex compensation is required, then the
amplifier has enough bandwidth (45° at 4 MHz)
andenoughgain(60dB)torunTypeIIIcompen-
sation schemes with adequate gain and phase
margins at cross over frequencies greater than
50kHz.
GATE DRIVER TEST CONDITIONS
90%
FALL TIME
GH(GL)
2V
10%
90%
RISE TIME
2V
GL(GH)
10%
NON-OVERLAP
V(BST)
GH
Voltage
The common mode output of the error amplifier
is 0.9V to 2.2V. Therefore, the PWM voltage
ramp has been set between 1.1V and 2.2V to
ensureproper0%to100%dutycyclecapability.
The voltage loop also includes two other very
importantfeatures. Oneisanasynchronousstart
up mode. Basically, the GL driver can not turn
on unless the GH driver has attempted to turn on
or the SS pin has exceeded 1.7V. This feature
prevents the controller from “dragging down”
the output voltage during startup or in fault
modes. The second feature is a 100% duty cycle
timeout that ensures synchronized refreshing of
the BST capacitor at very high duty ratios. In the
event that the GH driver is on for 20 continuous
clock cycles, a reset is given to the PWM flip
flop half way through the 21st cycle. This forces
GL to rise for the remainder of the cycle, in turn
refreshing the BST capacitor.
V(SWN)
V(VCC)
GL
Voltage
0V
V(VIN)
SWN
Voltage
-0V
-V(Diode) V
V(VIN)+V(VCC)
BST
Voltage
V(VCC)
TIME
Gate Drivers
The SP6132 contains a pair of powerful 2Ω
SOURCE and 1.5Ω SINK drivers. These state
of the art drivers are designed to drive external
NFETs capable of handling up to 30A. Rise,
fall,andnon-overlaptimeshaveallbeenminized
to achieve maximum efficiency. All drive pins
GH, GL & SWN are monitored continuously to
ensure that only one external NFET is ever on at
any given time.
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
6
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Inductor Selection
IPP
IPEAK = IOUT (max)
+
2
There are many factors to consider in selecting
the inductor including cost, efficiency, size and
EMI. In a typical SP6132 circuit, the inductor is
chosen primarily for value, saturation current
andDCresistance.Increasingtheinductorvalue
will decrease output voltage ripple, but degrade
transientresponse. Lowinductorvaluesprovide
the smallest size, but cause large ripple currents,
poor efficiency and more output capacitance to
smooth out the larger ripple current. The induc-
tor must also be able to handle the peak current
at the switching frequency without saturating,
and the copper resistance in the winding should
be kept as low as possible to minimize resistive
power loss. A good compromise between size,
loss and cost is to set the inductor ripple current
tobewithin20%to40%ofthemaximumoutput
current.
and provide low core loss at the high switching
frequency. Low cost powdered iron cores have
a gradual saturation characteristic but can intro-
duce considerable ac core loss, especially when
the inductor value is relatively low and the
ripple current is high. Ferrite materials, on the
other hand, are more expensive and have an
abrupt saturation characteristic with the induc-
tance dropping sharply when the peak design
current is exceeded. Nevertheless, they are pre-
ferred at high switching frequencies because
they present very low core loss and the design
only needs to prevent saturation. In general,
ferrite or molypermalloy materials are better
choice for all but the most cost sensitive appli-
cations.
The switching frequency and the inductor oper-
ating point determine the inductor value as fol-
lows:
The power dissipated in the inductor is equal to
the sum of the core and copper losses. To mini-
mizecopperlosses,thewindingresistanceneeds
to be minimized, but this usually comes at the
expense of a larger inductor. Core losses have a
more significant contribution at low output cur-
rent where the copper losses are at a minimum,
and can typically be neglected at higher output
currentswherethecopperlossesdominate.Core
loss information is usually available from the
magnetic vendor.
VOUT (VIN (max) −VOUT
)
L =
VIN (max) FS Kr IOUT (max)
where:
Fs = switching frequency
Kr = ratio of the ac inductor ripple current to the
maximum output current
The peak to peak inductor ripple current is:
Thecopperlossintheinductorcanbecalculated
using the following equation:
PL(Cu) = IL2(RMS) RWINDING
VOUT (VIN (max) −VOUT
)
IPP
=
VIN(max) FS L
where IL(RMS) is the RMS inductor current that
can be calculated as follows:
2
1
3
IPP
IOUT(max)
IL(RMS) = IOUT(max) 1 +
Once the required inductor value is selected, the
proper selection of core material is based on
peak inductor current and efficiency require-
ments. The core must be large enough not to
saturate at the peak inductor current
(
)
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
7
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION: Continued
Output Capacitor Selection
FS = Switching Frequency
D = Duty Cycle
The required ESR (Equivalent Series Resis-
tance) and capacitance drive the selection of the
type and quantity of the output capacitors. The
ESR must be small enough that both the resis-
tive voltage deviation due to a step change in the
load current and the output ripple voltage do not
exceed the tolerance limits expected on the
output voltage. During an output load transient,
the output capacitor must supply all the addi-
tional current demanded by the load until the
SP6132CU adjusts the inductor current to the
new value.
C
OUT = Output Capacitance Value
Input Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor should be selected for ripple
current rating, capacitance and voltage rating.
The input capacitor must meet the ripple current
requirement imposed by the switching current.
In continuous conduction mode, the source cur-
rent of the high-side MOSFET is approximately
a square wave of duty cycle VOUT/VIN. Most of
this current is supplied by the input bypass
capacitors. The RMS value of input capacitor
current is determined at the maximum output
current and under the assumption that the peak
Therefore the capacitance must be large enough
so that the output voltage is help up while the
inductor current ramps up or down to the value
corresponding to the new load current. Addi-
tionally, the ESR in the output capacitor causes
a step in the output voltage equal to the current.
Because of the fast transient response and inher-
ent100%and0%dutycyclecapabilityprovided
by the SP6132CU when exposed to output load
transient, the output capacitor is typically cho-
sen for ESR, not for capacitance value.
to peak inductor ripple current is low, it is given
by:
ICIN(rms) = I
OUT(max) √D(1 - D)
The worse case occurs when the duty cycle D is
50% and gives an RMS current value equal to
I
OUT/2.
Select input capacitors with adequate ripple
current rating to ensure reliable operation.
The output capacitor’s ESR, combined with the
inductor ripple current, is typically the main
contributor to output voltage ripple. The maxi-
mum allowable ESR required to maintain a
specifiedoutputvoltageripplecanbecalculated
by:
The power dissipated in the input capacitor is:
P
= IC2IN (rms) RESR(CIN)
CIN
RESR ≤ ∆VOUT
IPK-PK
This can become a significant part of power
losses in a converter and hurt the overall energy
transfer efficiency. The input voltage ripple
primarily depends on the input capacitor ESR
and capacitance. Ignoring the inductor ripple
current, the input voltage ripple can be deter-
mined by:
where:
∆VOUT = Peak to Peak Output Voltage Ripple
IPK-PK = Peak to Peak Inductor Ripple Current
The total output ripple is a combination of the
ESR and the output capacitance value and can
be calculated as follows:
I
OUT (MAX )VOUT (VIN −VOUT )
∆VIN = Iout(max) RESR(CIN )
+
2
FSCINVIN
2 + (IPPRESR
)
IPP (1 – D)
2
∆VOUT
=
COUTFS
(
)
wDahtee: 8r/e4/:04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
8
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION: Continued
The capacitor type suitable for the output capac-
itors can also be used for the input capacitors.
The total power losses of the top MOSFET are the
sum of switching and conduction losses. For syn-
chronous buck converters of efficiency over 90%,
allow no more than 4% power losses for high or
low side MOSFETs. For input voltages of 3.3V
and 5V, conduction losses often dominate switch-
ing losses. Therefore, lowering the RDS(ON) of the
MOSFETs always improves efficiency even
though it gives rise to higher switching losses due
to increased Crss.
However, exercise extra caution when tantalum
capacitorsareconsidered.Tantalumcapacitorsare
known for catastrophic failure when exposed to
surge current, and input capacitors are prone to
such surge current when power supplies are con-
nected “live” to low impedance power sources.
MOSFET Selection
The losses associated with MOSFETs can be
divided into conduction and switching losses.
Conduction losses are related to the on resistance
of MOSFETs, and increase with the load current.
Switching losses occur on each on/off transition
when the MOSFETs experience both high current
and voltage. Since the bottom MOSFET switches
current from/to a paralleled diode (either its own
bodydiodeoraSchottkydiode),thevoltageacross
theMOSFETisnomorethan1Vduringswitching
transition. As a result, its switching losses are
negligible. The switching losses are difficult to
quantify due to all the variables affecting turn on/
off time. However, the following equation pro-
vides an approximation on the switching losses
associatedwiththetopMOSFETdrivenbySP6132.
Top and bottom MOSFETs experience unequal
conduction losses if their on time is unequal. For
applicationsrunningatlargeorsmalldutycycle, it
makes sense to use different top and bottom
MOSFETs. Alternatively, parallel multiple
MOSFETs to conduct large duty factor.
RDS(ON) variesgreatlywiththegatedrivervoltage.
The MOSFET vendors often specify RDS(ON) on
multiple gate to source voltages (VGS), as well as
provide typical curve of RDS(ON) versus VGS. For
5Vinput,usetheRDS(ON) specifiedat4.5VVGS.At
the time of this publication, vendors, such as
Fairchild, Siliconix and International Rectifier,
havestartedtospecifyRDS(ON) atVGS lessthan3V.
This has provided necessary data for designs in
which these MOSFETs are driven with 3.3V and
made it possible to use SP6132 in 3.3V only
applications.
PSH (max) =12CrssVIN (max)IOUT (max)FS
where
Crss = reverse transfer capacitance of the top
MOSFET
Thermal calculation must be conducted to ensure
the MOSFET can handle the maximum load cur-
rent. The junction temperature of the MOSFET,
determined as follows, must stay below the maxi-
mum rating.
Switching losses need to be taken into account for
high switching frequency, since they are directly
proportional to switching frequency. The conduc-
tion losses associated with top and bottom
MOSFETs are determined by:
PMOSFET (max)
TJ(max) =TA(max)
+
CH (max) = RDS (ON )IOUT (max)2 D
Rθ
P
JA
where
P
= RDS(ON )IOUT (max)2(1− D)
CL(max)
TA(max) = maximum ambient temperature
PMOSFET(max) = maximum power dissipa-
tion of the MOSFET
where
PCH(max) = conduction losses of the high side
MOSFET
R
ΘJA = junction to ambient thermal resistance.
PCL(max) = conduction losses of the low side
R
ΘJA of the device depends greatly on the board
MOSFET
layout, as well as device package. Significant
RDS(ON) = drain to source on resistance.
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
9
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION: Continued
diode is equal to input voltage, and the diode
must be able to handle the peak current equal to
the maximum load current.
thermalimprovementcanbeachievedinthemaxi-
mum power dissipation through the proper design
of copper mounting pads on the circuit board. For
example, in a SO-8 package, placing two 0.04
square inches copper pad directly under the pack-
age, without occupying additional board space,
can increase the maximum power from approxi-
mately 1 to 1.2W. For DPAK package, enlarging
thetapmountingpadto1squareinchesreducesthe
RΘJA from 96°C/W to 40°C/W.
The power dissipation of the Schottky diode is
determined by
P
DIODE = 2VFIOUTTNOLFS
where
Schottky Diode Selection
TNOL = non-overlap time between GH and GL.
VF = forward voltage of the Schottky diode.
When paralleled with the bottom MOSFET, an
optional Schottky diode can improve efficiency
and reduce noises. Without this Schottky diode,
the body diode of the bottom MOSFET con-
ducts the current during the non-overlap time
when both MOSFETs are turned off. Unfortu-
nately, the body diode has high forward voltage
and reverse recovery problem. The reverse re-
covery of the body diode causes additional
switching noises when the diode turns off. The
Schottky diode alleviates these noises and addi-
tionally improves efficiency thanks to its low
forward voltage. The reverse voltage across the
Loop Compensation Design
The open loop gain of the whole system can be
divided into the gain of the error amplifier,
PWM modulator, buck converter output stage,
and feedback resistor divider. In order to cross-
over at the selected frequency FCO, the gain of
the error amplifier has to compensate for the
attenuation caused by the rest of the loop at this
frequency.
Type III Voltage Loop
Compensation
GAMP (s) Gain Block
PWM Stage
GPWM Gain
Block
Output Stage
GOUT (s) Gain
Block
VIN
(SRz2Cz2+1)(SR1Cz3+1)
(SRESRCOUT+ 1)
+
_
VREF
(Volts)
VOUT
(Volts)
VRAMP_PP
SR1Cz2(SRz3Cz3+1)(SRz2Cp1+1)
[S^2LCOUT+S(RESR+RDC) COUT+1]
Notes: RESR = Output Capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance.
RDC = Output Inductor DC Resistance.
VRAMP_PP = SP6132 Internal RAMP Amplitude Peak to Peak Voltage.
Condition: Cz2 >> Cp1 & R1 >> Rz3
Output Load Resistance >> RESR & RDC
Voltage Feedback
GFBK Gain Block
R2
(R1 R2)
VREF
VOUT
or
+
VFBK
(Volts)
SP6132 Voltage Mode Control Loop with Loop Dynamic
Definitions:
Resr = Output Capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance
Rdc = Output Inductor DC Resistance
Vramp_pp = SP6132 internal RAMP Amplitude Peak to Peak Voltage
Conditions:
Cz2 >> Cp1 and R1 >> Rz3
Output Load Resistance >> Resr and Rdc
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
10
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION: Continued
The goal of loop compensation is to manipulate
loopfrequencyresponsesuchthatitsgaincrosses
When the output capacitors are of a Ceramic
Type,theSP6132CUEvaluationBoardrequires
a Type III compensation circuit to give a phase
boostof180°inordertocounteracttheeffectsof
an under damped resonance of the output filter
at the double pole frequency.
over 0db at a slope of -20db/dec. The first step
of compensation design is to pick the loop
crossover frequency. High crossover frequency
is desirable for fast transient response, but often
jeopardizes the system stability. Crossover fre-
quency should be higher than the ESR zero but
less than 1/5 of the switching frequency. The
ESR zero is contributed by the ESR associated
with the output capacitors and can be deter-
mined by:
Gain
(dB)
Error Amplify Gain
Bandwidth Product
Condition:
C22 >> CP1, R1 >> RZ3
1
20 Log (RZ2/R1)
ƒZ(ESR)
=
2π COUT RESR
Frequency
(Hz)
The next step is to calculated the complex con-
jugate poles contributed by the LC output filter,
Bode Plot of Type III Error Amplify Compensation.
1
ƒP(LC)
=
2π L COUT
INDUCTORS - SURFACE MOUNT
Inductor Specification
Size
Inductance
(uH)
Manufacturer/Part No.
Series R
mOhms
4.30
4.50
8.60
Isat
(A)
12.0
12.2
17.0
Inductor Type
Manufacturer
Website
LxW(mm) Ht.(mm)
2.7
2.7
3.3
Easy Magnet SC5018-2R7M
TDK RLF12560T-2R7N110
Coilcraft DO5010P-332HC
12.6x12.6
12.5x12.8
14.7x15.2
4.5
6.0
8.0
Shielded Ferrite Core
Shielded Ferrite Core
Unshielded Ferrite Core
www.easymagnet.com
www.tdk.com
www.coilcraft.com
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.9
Easy Magnet SC5018-1R2M
Inter-Technical SC4015-1R2M
Coilcraft DO5010P-152HC
TDK RLF12560T-1R9N120
1.96
4.37
4.00
3.60
20.0
17.0
25.0
13.2
12.6x12.6
10.0x10.0
14.7x15.2
12.5x12.8
4.5
3.8
8.0
6.0
Shielded Ferrite Core
Shielded Ferrite Core
Unshielded Ferrite Core
Shielded Ferrite Core
www.easymagnet.com
www.inter-technical.com
www.coilcraft.com
www.tdk.com
CAPACITORS - SURFACE MOUNT
Capacitor Specification
Capacitance(u
F)
Manufacturer/Part No.
TDK C3225X5R1C226M
TDK C3225X5R0J476M
Size
ESR
ohms (max)
0.002
Ripple Current
(A) @ 45C
4.00
Voltage
(V)
Capacitor
Type
Manufacturer
Website
LxW(mm) Ht.(mm)
22
47
3.2x2.5
3.2x2.5
2.0
16.0
X5R Ceramic
www.tdk.com
0.002
4.00
2.5
6.3
X5R Ceramic
www.tdk.com
MOSFETS - SURFACE MOUNT
MOSFET Specification
Manufacturer/Part No.
Fairchild Semi FDS7088N3
Vishay Si4336DY
Qg
MOSFET
N-Channel
N-Channel
RDS(on)
ohms (max)
0.005
ID Current
(A)
21.0
Voltage
(V)
30.0
Foot Print
SO-8
Manufacturer
Website
nC (Typ) nC (Max)
37.0
48.0
www.fairchildsemi.com
www.Vishay.com
0.004
25.0
32.0
50.0
30.0
SO-8
Note: Components highlighted in bold are those used on the SP6132 Evaluation Board.
Table 1. Input and Output Stage Components Selection Charts.
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
11
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION: Continued
SP6132EB Component Placement
SP6132EB PC Layout Top Side
SP6132EB PC Layout Bottom Side
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
12
PACKAGE: 10 PIN MSOP
D
e1
Ø1
E/2
R1
R
E1
E
Gauge Plane
L2
Ø
Ø1
0 0
Seating Plane
L
L1
1
2
e
Pin #1 indentifier must be indicated within this shaded area (D/2 * E1/2)
10-PIN MSOP
JEDEC MO-187
(BA) Variation
Dimensions in (mm)
MIN NOM MAX
A
-
-
1.1
0
-
0.15
A1
A2
b
0.75 0.85 0.95
0.17
0.08
-
0.27
0.23
(b)
c
-
WITH PLATING
D
E
3.00 BSC
4.90 BSC
3.00 BSC
0.50 BSC
2.00 BSC
0.60
E1
c
e
e1
L
0.4
0.80
BASE METAL
L1
L2
N
0.95 REF
0.25 BSC
10
-
R
0.07
0.07
0º
-
A2
R1
Ø
-
-
A
-
8º
15º
b
Ø1
5º
-
A1
10-PIN MSOP
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
13
ORDERING INFORMATION
Temperature Package
Part Number
Top Mark
SP6132CU ............................ SP6132CU....................0°C to +70°C ....................... 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132CU/TR ...................... SP6132CU....................0°C to +70°C ....................... 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132CU-L ......................... SP6132CU....................0°C to +70°C ... (Lead Free) 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132CU-L/TR ................... SP6132CU....................0°C to +70°C ... (Lead Free) 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132EU ............................SP6132EU..................-40°C to +85°C ..................... 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132EU/TR.......................SP6132EU..................-40°C to +85°C ..................... 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132EU-L .........................SP6132EU..................-40°C to +85°C .. (Lead Free) 10 Pin MSOP
SP6132EU-L/TR ...................SP6132EU..................-40°C to +85°C .. (Lead Free) 10 Pin MSOP
/TR = Tape and Reel
Pack quantity is 2500 for MSOP.
Corporation
ANALOGEXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Date: 8/4/04
SP6132 Wide Input, 300KHz Synchronous PWM Controller
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
14
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