MQFL-28E-15D-Z-HB_技术文档

MQFL-28E-15S

Single Output

HI G H RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER

16-70V

16-80V

15V

8A

91% @ 4A / 89% @ 8A

Continuous Input

Transient Input

Output

Efﬁciency

FU L L PO W E R OP E R A T I O N : -55ºC TO +125ºC

The MilQor^®series of high-reliability DC-DC converters

brings SynQor’s field proven high-efficiency synchronous

rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry.

TM

SynQor’s innovative QorSeal packaging approach ensures

survivability in the most hostile environments. Compatible

with the industry standard format, these converters operate

at a fixed frequency, have no opto-isolators, and follow

conservative component derating guidelines. They are

designed and manufactured to comply with a wide range of

military standards.

-HB

8A

MQFL-28E-15S-Y

@

CONVERTER

DC/DC 15V

out

in

28V

Design Process

MQFL series converters are:

• Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines

D

ESIGNED & MA N U F A C T U R E D IN T H E USA

F

E A T U R IN G O R -REL S S E M B L Y

Q

S

EAL^™H

I

A

• Designed with components derated per:

— MIL-HDBK-1547A

Features

— NAVSO P-3641A

• Fixed switching frequency

• No opto-isolators

• Parallel operation with current share

• Remote sense

• Clock synchronization

• Primary and secondary referenced enable

Qualification Process

MQFL series converters are qualified to:

• MIL-STD-810F

— consistent with RTCA/D0-160E

• SynQor’s First Article Qualification

• Continuous short circuit and overload protection

• Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown

— consistent with MIL-STD-883F

• SynQor’s Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification

• SynQor’s on-going life test

Specification Compliance

In-Line Manufacturing Process

MQFL series converters (with MQME filter) are designed to meet:

• MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F)

• RTCA/DO-160E Section 16

• MIL-STD-1275B

• AS9100 and ISO 9001:2000 certified facility

• Full component traceability

• Temperature cycling

• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5

• MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E)

• RTCA/DO-160E Section 22

• Constant acceleration

• 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in

• Three level temperature screening

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

Page 1

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

BLOCK DIAGRAM

REGULATION STAGE

ISOLATION STAGE

7

CURRENT

SENSE

1

POSITIVE

OUTPUT

POSITIVE

INPUT

T1

T2

T1

T2

2

8

INPUT

RETURN

OUTPUT

RETURN

3

CASE

GATE DRIVERS

UVLO

OVSD

12

CURRENT

LIMIT

ENABLE 2

4

MAGNETIC

11

ENABLE 1

PRIMARY

CONTROL

SECONDARY

CONTROL

SHARE

5

10

DATA COUPLING

SYNC OUTPUT

+ SENSE

6

9

SYNC INPUT

-

SENSE

BIAS POWER

CONTROL

POWER

TRANSFORMER

TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM

1

12

+VIN

ENA 2

open

means

on

2

11

10

IN RTN

SHARE

+ SNS

3

CASE

+

–

MQFL

4

5

6

9

8

7

+

–

28 Vdc

Load

ENA 1

– SNS

OUT RTN

+VOUT

SYNC OUT

SYNC IN

open

means

on

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

Page 2

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

MQFL-28E-15S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Parameter

Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions

Group A

Subgroup

Vin=28V dc ±5%, Iout=8A, CL=0µF, free running (see Note 10) unless

otherwise speciﬁed

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Input Voltage

Non-Operating

100

-0.8

-1.2

V

Operating

See Note 1

See Note 2

Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125ºC)

Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55ºC)

Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O)

Continuous

-500

-800

-55

500

800

135

300

50

V

°C

V

Transient (≤100µs)

Operating Case Temperature

Storage Case Temperature

Lead Temperature (20s)

-65

Voltage at ENA1, ENA2

-1.2

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Operating Input Voltage Range

"

16

28

70

80

V

Continuous

Transient, 1s

See Note 3

1, 2, 3

4, 5, 6

Input Under-Voltage Lockout

Turn-On Voltage Threshold

Turn-Off Voltage Threshold

Lockout Voltage Hysteresis

Input Over-Voltage Shutdown

Turn-Off Voltage Threshold

Turn-On Voltage Threshold

Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis

Maximum Input Current

14.75 15.50 16.00

13.80 14.40 15.00

0.50

V

1, 2, 3

1.10

1.80

See Note 15

90

82

3

95

86

9

100

90

15

9.5

160

5

V

A

mA

1,3

Vin = 16V; Iout = 8A

1, 2, 3

No Load Input Current (operating)

Disabled Input Current (ENA1)

Disabled Input Current (ENA2)

Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk)

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25ºC)

Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature

Output Voltage Line Regulation

Output Voltage Load Regulation

Total Output Voltage Range

Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak

Operating Output Current Range

Operating Output Power Range

Output DC Current-Limit Inception

Short Circuit Output Current

Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled

Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled

Maximum Output Capacitance

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient

For a Pos. Step Change in Load Current

For a Neg. Step Change in Load Current

Settling Time (either case)

Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient

For a Pos. Step Change in Line Voltage

For a Neg. Step Change in Line Voltage

Settling Time (either case)

Turn-On Transient

110

2

25

40

Vin = 16V, 28V, 70V

Bandwidth = 100kHz – 10MHz; see Figure 14

50

60

14.85 15.00 15.15

14.78 15.00 15.22

V

mV

V

mV

A

W

A

Vout at sense leads

1

2, 3

"

-20

65

0

75

20

85

" ; Vin = 16V, 28V, 70V; Iout=8A

" ; Vout @ (Iout=0A) - Vout @ (Iout=8A)

"

1, 2, 3

See Note 5

14.70 15.00 15.30

15

60

8

120

9.9

10.5

Bandwidth = 10MHz; CL=11µF

0

8.1

9

See Note 4

Vout ≤ 1.2V

9.3

2.4

10

50

3,000

mA

µF

See Note 6

-500

-300

300

50

mV

µs

Total Iout step = 4A‹-›8A, 0.8A‹-›4A; CL=11µF

4, 5, 6

500

200

"

See Note 7

Vin step = 16V‹-›50V; CL=11µF; see Note 8

-500

500

mV

µs

"

4, 5, 6

See Note 5

250

See Note 7

Output Voltage Rise Time

Output Voltage Overshoot

Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin

6

0

5.5

3.0

1.5

10

2

8.0

6.0

3.0

ms

%

ms

Vout = 1.5V -› 13.5V

4, 5, 6

See Note 5

4, 5, 6

ENA1, ENA2 = 5V; see Notes 9 & 12

ENA2 = 5V; see Note 12

ENA1 = 5V; see Note 12

Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA1

Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA2

EFFICIENCY

Iout = 8A (16Vin)

TBD

89

91

89

91

87

90

84

18

20

%

W

1, 2, 3

Iout = 4A (16Vin)

Iout = 8A (28Vin)

Iout = 4A (28Vin)

Iout = 8A (40Vin)

Iout = 4A (40Vin)

Iout = 8A (70Vin)

Load Fault Power Dissipation

Short Circuit Power Dissipation

32

33

Iout at current limit inception point; See Note 4

Vout ≤ 1.2V

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

Page 3

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

MQFL-28E-15S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)

Parameter

Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions

Group A

Subgroup

Vin=28V dc ±5%, Iout=8A, CL=0µF, free running (see Note 10) unless

otherwise speciﬁed

ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS

Isolation Voltage

Input RTN to Output RTN

Any Input Pin to Case

Dielectric strength

500

100

V

1

Any Output Pin to Case

Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn)

Isolation Resistance (any pin to case)

Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn)

FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS

Switching Frequency (free running)

Synchronization Input

V

MΩ

nF

44

500

550

600

kHz

1, 2, 3

Frequency Range

500

2.0

-0.5

20

700

10

0.8

80

kHz

V

%

1, 2, 3

Logic Level High

Logic Level Low

Duty Cycle

See Note 5

Synchronization Output

Pull Down Current

Duty Cycle

20

25

mA

%

VSYNC OUT = 0.8V

Output connected to SYNC IN of other MQFL unit

See Note 5

75

Enable Control (ENA1 and ENA2)

Off-State Voltage

Module Off Pulldown Current

On-State Voltage

Module On Pin Leakage Current

Pull-Up Voltage

0.8

V

µA

V

µA

V

1, 2, 3

See Note 5

1, 2, 3

See Note 5

1, 2, 3

80

2

Current drain required to ensure module is off

20

4.5

Imax drawn from pin allowed, module on

See Figure A

3.2

4.0

RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS

Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2)

GB @ Tcase = 70ºC

3

2800

440

TBD

10 Hrs.

3

AIF @ Tcase = 70ºC

10 Hrs.

3

Demonstrated MTBF

10 Hrs.

WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS

Device Weight

79

g

Electrical Characteristics Notes

1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown.

2. Derate output power to 50% of rated power at Tcase = 135ºC (see Figure 5).

3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200µs to be acted on by the lockout or shutdown circuitry.

4. Current limit inception is deﬁned as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value.

5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit speciﬁed.

6. Load current transition time ≥ 10µs.

7. Settling time measured from start of transient to the point where the output voltage has returned to ±1% of its ﬁnal value.

8. Line voltage transition time ≥ 100µs.

9. Input voltage rise time ≤ 250µs.

10. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will cause the converter’s efﬁciency to be slightly reduced

and it may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more information consult the factory.

11. SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse during a fault condition. See Current Share section of the Control Features description.

12. After a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 300ms. See Shut Down section of the Control Features description.

13. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the

Construction and Environmental Stress Screening Options table for details.

14. These derating curves apply for the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100ºC.

15. Input Over Voltage Shutdown test is run at no load, full load is beyond derating condition and could cause damage at 125ºC.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

TBD

Figure 1: Efﬁciency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for

minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at Tcase=25°C.

Figure 2: Efﬁciency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs.

case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, 40V ,and 70V.

TBD

Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current

for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at Tcase=25°C.

Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated

power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, 40V ,and 70V.

TBD

Figure 5: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a

function of Tcase and the Maximum desired power MOSFET junction

temperature (see Note 14).

Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current

limit curves.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

TBD

Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output

capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1:

Vout (3V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (5V/div).

Figure 8: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and 10mF output

capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1:

Vout (3V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (5V/div).

TBD

Figure 10: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output

capacitance initiated by Vin. ENA1 and ENA2 both previously high.

Ch 1: Vout (3V/div). Ch 2: Vin (10V/div).

Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output

capacitance initiated by ENA2. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1:

Vout (3V/div). Ch 2: ENA2 (5V/div).

TBD

Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current

50%-100%-50% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µF ceramic cap and

10µF, 100mΩ ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (300mV/div). Ch 2: Iout

(5A/div).

Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 0%-

50%-0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µF ceramic cap and 10µF, 100mΩ

ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (300mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (5A/div).

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

See Fig. 16

See Fig. 15

i_C

MQME

Filter

MQFL

Converter

V_OUT

TBD

V_SOURCE

10µF,

1µF

ceramic

100m

ESR

W

capacitor

Figure 14: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for

Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 15) and Output Voltage Ripple

(Figure 16).

Figure 13: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage

(16V - 50V - 16V). Load cap: 10µF, 100mΩ ESR tantalum cap and 1µF

ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (300mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (20V/div).

TBD

Figure 15: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current

and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ ﬁlter module (50mA/div).

Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 14.

Figure 16: Output voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and

rated load current (20mV/div). Load capacitance: 1μF ceramic capacitor

and 10μF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10MHz. See Figure 14.

TBD

Figure 17: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit

across the output terminals. Ch 1: Vout (3V/div). Ch 2: Iout (5A/div).

Figure 18: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor

MQFL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div).

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

TBD

Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout =

vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full

rated power.

Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/

vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated

power.

TBD

Figure 21: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT =

iin/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full

rated power.

Figure 22: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin)

for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.

TBD

Figure 23: High frequency conducted emissions of standalone MQFL-

28-05S, 5Vout module at 120W output, as measured with Method

CE102. Limit line shown is the ‘Basic Curve’for all applications with a

28V source.

Figure 24: High frequency conducted emissions of MQFL-28-05S,

5Vout module at 120W output with MQFL-28-P ﬁlter, as measured

with Method CE102. Limit line shown is the ‘Basic Curve’for all

applications with a 28V source.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES

CONTROL FEATURES

ENABLE: The MQFL converter has two enable pins. Both must

have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled. A logic

low on either pin will inhibit the converter.

The MQFL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion

topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that

keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load,

and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transform-

ers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage

transformation to achieve the output voltage required.

The ENA1 pin (pin 4) is referenced with respect to the converter’s

input return (pin 2). The ENA2 pin (pin 12) is referenced with

respect to the converter’s output return (pin 8). This permits the

converter to be inhibited from either the input or the output side.

Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed

frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage

switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due

to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its

switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the output of

the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 550

kHz in the free-running mode.

Regardless of which pin is used to inhibit the converter, the regu-

lation and the isolation stages are turned off. However, when

the converter is inhibited through the ENA1 pin, the bias supply

is also turned off, whereas this supply remains on when the con-

verter is inhibited through the ENA2 pin. A higher input standby

current therefore results in the latter case.

Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is accomplished with

synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a

very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would Schottky

diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQFL converters have

such high efficiency, particularly at low output voltages.

Both enable pins are internally pulled high so that an open

connection on both pins will enable the converter. Figure A

shows the equivalent circuit looking into either enable pins. It

is TTL compatible.

5.6V

Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers permit

operation down to zero load current. There is no longer a need

for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes for

rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actually permit a nega-

tive load current to flow back into the converter’s output terminals

if the load is a source of short or long term energy. The MQFL

converters employ a “back-drive current limit” to keep this nega-

tive output terminal current small.

82K

1N4148

PIN 4

(or PIN 12)

ENABLE

TO ENABLE

CIRCUITRY

250K

125K

2N3904

There is a control circuit on both the input and output sides of the

MQFL converter that determines the conduction state of the power

switches. These circuits communicate with each other across the

isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled device. No

opto-isolators are used.

PIN 2

(or PIN 8)

IN RTN

Figure A: Equivalent circuit looking into either the ENA1 or ENA2

pins with respect to its corresponding return pin.

A separate bias supply provides power to both the input and out-

put control circuits. Among other things, this bias supply permits

the converter to operate indefinitely into a short circuit and to

avoid a hiccup mode, even under a tough start-up condition.

SHUT DOWN: The MQFL converter will shut down in response

to only four conditions: ENA1 input low, ENA2 input low, VIN

input below under-voltage lockout threshold, or VIN input above

over-voltage shutdown threshold. Following a shutdown event,

there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter

from restarting for approximately 300ms. After the 300ms delay

elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is

within the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN

input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating

range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise

according to the “Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin” specification.

An input under-voltage lockout feature with hysteresis is provided,

as well as an input over-voltage shutdown. There is also an

output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance

decreases to a short circuit (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-

forward characteristic to the output current under this condition).

When a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponen-

tially to its nominal value without an overshoot.

The MQFL converter’s control circuit does not implement an output

over-voltage limit or an over-temperature shutdown.

The following sections describe the use and operation of addi-

tional control features provided by the MQFL converter.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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04/30/09

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

synchronization signal at the SYNC IN pin, or the synchroniza-

REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to

correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the

converter’s output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate

conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10)

directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the con-

nection diagram on Page 2. Similarly, the –SENSE pin (pin 9)

should be connected through a separate conductor to the return

terminal of the load.

tion frequency if there is.

The SYNC OUT signal is available only when the DC input volt-

age is above approximately 12V and when the converter is not

inhibited through the ENA1 pin. An inhibit through the ENA2 pin

will not turn the SYNC OUT signal off.

NOTE: An MQFL converter that has its SYNC IN pin driven by

the SYNC OUT pin of a second MQFL converter will have its start

of its switching cycle delayed approximately 180 degrees relative

to that of the second converter.

NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired,

the +SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout (pin

7) and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper regu-

lation of the converter’s output. If they are left open, the converter

will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV higher

than its specified value. If only the +SENSE pin is left open, the

output voltage will be approximately 25mV too high.

Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN

pin. Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the

SYNC OUT pin.

5V

Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a resis-

tor value from 100W to 274W, depending on output voltage, and

–SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a 10W resistor.

5K

It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the

voltage across the converter’s output terminals (pins 7 and 8)

will be higher than the converter’s nominal output voltage due to

resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher voltage at

the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the converter’s

internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver

the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage

range at the higher end of the load current and temperature

range. Please consult the factory for details.

TO SYNC

CIRCUITRY

PIN 6

SYNC IN

IN RTN

5K

PIN 2

Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with

respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin.

SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQFL converter’s switching fre-

quency can be synchronized to an external frequency source

that is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse train at the

desired frequency should be applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6)

with respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should

have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. Its low value should

be below 0.8V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low,

and its high value should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be

interpreted as a logic high. The transition time between the two

states should be less than 300ns.

5V

5K

SYNC OUT

FROM SYNC

CIRCUITRY

PIN 5

IN RTN

PIN 2

OPEN COLLECTOR

OUTPUT

If the MQFL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC IN pin

should be left open circuit. The converter will then operate in its

free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 kHz.

Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with

respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin.

If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low or

logic high state continuously, the MQFL converter will revert to its

free-running frequency.

CURRENT SHARE: When several MQFL converters are placed

in parallel to achieve either a higher total load power or N+1

redundancy, their SHARE pins (pin 11) should be connected

together. The voltage on this common SHARE node represents

the average current delivered by all of the paralleled converters.

Each converter monitors this average value and adjusts itself so

that its output current closely matches that of the average.

The MQFL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This

output can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as ten

(10) other MQFL converters. The pulse train coming out of SYNC

OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the

switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated.

This frequency is either the free-running frequency if there is no

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

Since the SHARE pin is monitored with respect to the OUTPUT

RETURN (pin 8) by each converter, it is important to connect all of

the converters’ OUTPUT RETURN pins together through a low DC

and AC impedance. When this is done correctly, the converters

will deliver their appropriate fraction of the total load current to

within +/- 10% at full rated load.

100,000

10,000

1,000

100

Whether or not converters are paralleled, the voltage at the

SHARE pin could be used to monitor the approximate average

current delivered by the converter(s). A nominal voltage of 1.0V

represents zero current and a nominal voltage of 2.2V represents

the maximum rated current, with a linear relationship in between.

The internal source resistance of a converter’s SHARE pin signal

is 2.5 kW. During an input voltage fault or primary disable

event, the SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse. The

SHARE pin will go to 3V for approximately 14ms as the output

voltage falls.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Increase in Vout (V)

Figure E: Output Voltage Trim Graph

NOTE: Converters operating from separate input filters with

reverse polarity protection (such as the MQME-28-T filter) with

their outputs connected in parallel may exhibit hiccup operation

at light loads. Consult factory for details.

As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage

stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the

converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low

end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load

current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for

details. Factory trimmed converters are available by request.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: If desired, it is possible to increase

the MQFL converter’s output voltage above its nominal value. To

do this, use the +SENSE pin (pin 10) for this trim function instead

of for its normal remote sense function, as shown in Figure D.

In this case, a resistor connects the +SENSE pin to the –SENSE

pin (which should still be connected to the output return, either

remotely or locally). The value of the trim resistor should be

chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E:

INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT: The MQFL converter

has an under-voltage lockout feature that ensures the converter

will be off if the input voltage is too low. The threshold of

input voltage at which the converter will turn on is higher that

the threshold at which it will turn off. In addition, the MQFL

converter will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless

it has remained in that state for more than about 200µs. This

hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the source

impedance is high or in a noisy environment.

Vnom

Rtrim = 100 x

Vout – Vnom – 0.025

where:

Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage,

Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), and

Rtrim is in Ohms.

INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQFL converter

also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be

off if the input voltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and

time delay to ensure proper operation.

1

12

+VIN

ENA 2

2

11

IN RTN

SHARE

3

10

CASE

+ SNS

Rtrim

4

5

6

9

+

–

28 Vdc

ENA 1

– SNS

–

8

7

SYNC OUT

SYNC IN

OUT RTN

+VOUT

open

means

on

Load

+

Figure D: Typical connection for output voltage trimming.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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04/30/09

Page 11

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for a

maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Figure 5 therefore

has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is main-

tained. It has been SynQor’s extensive experience that reliable

long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum

component temperature of 125ºC. In extreme cases, a maximum

temperature of 145ºC is permissible, but not recommended for

long-term operation where high reliability is required. Derating

curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in

Figure 5. The maximum case temperature at which the converter

should be operated is 135ºC.

BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs

as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current

from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy.

This negative current is referred to as a “back-drive current”.

Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paral-

leled converters that do not employ current sharing, or where the

current share feature does not adequately ensure sharing during

the startup or shutdown transitions. It can also occur when con-

verters having different output voltages are connected together

through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally

off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some

loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even

a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period

of time during a shutdown transient.

When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will

help to make the converter’s case bottom a uniform temperature.

How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and

on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal

grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. Unless

this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plate’s

temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy for

them to be as much as 5-10ºC different at full power and at high

temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached

directly to the converter’s case through a small hole in the plate

when investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must

also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance

between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhe-

sive might be used to hold the thermocouple in place.

To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current,

the MQFL converters limit the negative current that the converter

can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this back-

drive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the con-

verter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute

value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared

to the converter’s rated output current.

THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 5 shows the suggested

Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the

case temperature, input voltage and the maximum desired power

MOSFET junction temperature. All other components within the

converter are cooler than the hottest MOSFET.

INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur

because any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a

negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled

“Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website

which provides an understanding of why this instability arises,

and shows the preferred solution for correcting it.

.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Page 12

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS

ES-Grade

(-55 ºC to +125 ºC)

(Element Evaluation)

HB-Grade

(-55 ºC to +125 ºC)

(Element Evaluation)

Consistent with

MIL-STD-883F

C-Grade

(-40 ºC to +100 ºC)

Screening

Internal Visual

Yes

No

Yes

*

Condition B

(-55 ºC to +125 ºC)

Condition C

(-65 ºC to +150 ºC)

Temperature Cycle

Method 1010

Constant

Acceleration

Method 2001

(Y1 Direction)

Condition A

(5000g)

No

500g

Method 1015

Load Cycled

Burn-in

• 10s period

24 Hrs @ +125 ºC

96 Hrs @ +125 ºC

160 Hrs @ +125 ºC

• 2s @ 100% Load

• 8s @ 0% Load

Method 5005

(Group A)

Final Electrical Test

+25 ºC

-45, +25, +100 ºC

Full QorSeal

-55, +25, +125 ºC

Full QorSeal

Mechanical Seal,

Thermal, and Coating

Process

Full QorSeal

External Visual

2009

Yes

*

Construction Process

QorSeal

* Per IPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class 3

MilQor converters and filters are offered in four variations of construction technique and environmental stress screening options. The

three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all use SynQor’s proprietary QorSeal™ Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating

of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. Each successively higher

grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also con-

structed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

Page 13

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

0.093

[2.36]

0.250 [6.35]

+VIN

ENA 2

1

12

IN RTN

SHARE

2

11

1.50 [38.10]

0.200 [5.08]

TYP. NON-CUM.

CASE

+SNS

-SNS

3

10 1.260

MQFL-28E-15S-X-HB

DC/DC CONVERTER

28Vin 15Vout @ 8A

[32.00]

ENA 1

4

9

8

7

MADE IN USA

OUT RTN

+VOUT

SYNC OUT

SYNC IN

5

6

0.040 [1.02]

S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10

2.50 [63.50]

2.76 [70.10]

3.00 [76.20]

0.050 [1.27]

0.220 [5.59]

0.128 [3.25]

2.96 [75.2]

0.228 [5.79]

0.390 [9.91]

Case X

0.093

[2.36]

0.250 [6.35]

+VIN

ENA 2

1

12

11

0.200 [5.08]

TYP. NON-CUM.

IN RTN

CASE

SHARE

2

3

4

5

6

1.50 [38.10]

+SNS

-SNS

MQFL-28E-15S-U-HB

DC/DC CONVERTER

28Vin 15Vout @ 8A

10 1.260

[32.00]

ENA 1

9

8

7

OUT RTN

+VOUT

SYNC OUT

SYNC IN

MADE IN USA

0.040 [1.02]

S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10

0.42

[10.7]

2.50 [63.50]

2.76 [70.10]

3.00 [76.20]

0.050 [1.27]

0.220 [5.59]

0.128 [3.25]

2.80 [71.1]

Case U

0.390 [9.91]

NOTES

PIN DESIGNATIONS

1)

2)

Pins 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter

Pin Function

1 Positive input

2 Input return

3 CASE

Pin Function

7 Positive output

8 Output return

9 - Sense

Pins Material: Copper

Finish: Gold over Nickel plate

3)

All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)

x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm)

4)

5)

6)

Weight: 2.8 oz (78.5 g) typical

4 Enable 1

10 + Sense

Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III

Print Labeling on Top Surface per Product Label Format Drawing

5 Sync output

6 Sync input

11 Share

12 Enable 2

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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04/30/09

Page 14

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

0.300 [7.62]

0.140 [3.56]

1.15 [29.21]

0.250 [6.35]

TYP

1

2

3

4

5

6

+VIN

12

ENA 2

2.00

[50.80]

IN RTN

CASE

SHARE

+SNS

11

10

9

0.200 [5.08]

MQFL-28E-15S-Y-HB

DC/DC CONVERTER

28Vin 15Vout @ 8A

1.50

[38.10]

TYP.

-SNS

ENA 1

NON-CUM.

OUT RTN

+VOUT

SYNC OUT

SYNC IN

MADE IN USA

8

1.750

[44.45]

S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10

7

0.040

[1.02]

0.050 [1.27]

0.220 [5.59]

1.750 [44.45]

2.50 [63.50]

0.375 [9.52]

2.96 [75.2]

0.228 [5.79]

0.390 [9.91]

Case Y

Case Z

(variant of Y)

Case W

(variant of Y)

0.250 [6.35]

0.200 [5.08]

TYP. NON-CUM.

0.040 [1.02]

0.420 [10.7]

0.050 [1.27]

0.220 [5.59]

0.050 [1.27]

0.36 [9.2]

2.80 [71.1]

0.525 [13.33]

0.390

[9.91]

0.390

[9.91]

0.525 [13.33]

2.80 [71.1]

PIN DESIGNATIONS

NOTES

1)

Pins 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter

Pin Function

2)

Pins Material: Copper

1 Positive input

2 Input return

3 CASE

4 Enable 1

5 Sync output

6 Sync input

7 Positive output

8 Output return

9 - Sense

10 + Sense

11 Share

Finish: Gold over Nickel plate

All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)

x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm)

Weight: 2.8 oz (78.5 g) typical

Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III

Print Labeling on Top Surface per Product Label Format Drawing

3)

4)

5)

6)

12 Enable 2

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

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Page 15

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

MilQor Converter FAMILY MATRIX

The tables below show the array of MQFL converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use

the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements.

Single Output

Dual Output †

28V

1.5V

1.8V

2.5V

3.3V

5V

6V

7.5V

9V

12V

(12S)

15V

(15S)

±5V

(05D)

±12V

(12D)

±15V

(15D)

Full Size

(1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S) (05S)

(06S) (7R5S) (09S)

(28S)

MQFL-28

16-40Vin Cont.

24A

Total

10A

Total

8A

Total

40A

30A

24A

20A

24A

20A

17A

20A

16A

13A

16A

13A

11A

13A

10A

8A

4A

16-50Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin = 60V

MQFL-28E

16-70Vin Cont.

16-80Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin =100V

24A

Total

10A

Total

8A

Total

MQFL-28V

16-40Vin Cont.

5.5-50Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin = 60V

20A

Total

8A

Total

6.5A

Total

6.5A

8A

3.3A

4A

MQFL-28VE

16-70Vin Cont.

5.5-80Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin = 100V

20A

Total

8A

Total

6.5A

Total

8A

MQFL-270

155-400Vin Cont.

155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin = 550V

24A

Total

10A

Total

8A

Total

10A

Single Output

Dual Output †

28V

1.5V

1.8V

2.5V

3.3V

5V

6V

7.5V

9V

12V

(12S)

15V

(15S)

±5V

(05D)

±12V

(12D)

±15V

(15D)

Half Size

(1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S) (05S)

(06S) (7R5S) (09S)

(28S)

MQHL-28 (50W)

16-40Vin Cont.

16-50Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin = 60V

10A

Total

4A

Total

3.3A

Total

20A

15A

10A

8A

6.6A

5.5A

4A

3.3A

1.8A

MQHL-28E (50W)

16-70Vin Cont.

16-80Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin =100V

10A

Total

4A

Total

3.3A

Total

MQHR-28 (25W)

16-40Vin Cont.

16-50Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin = 60V

5A

Total

2A

Total

1.65A

Total

10A

7.5A

5A

4A

3.3A

2.75A

2A

1.65A

0.9A

MQHR-28E (25W)

16-70Vin Cont.

16-80Vin 1s Trans.*

Absolute Max Vin =100V

5A

Total

2A

Total

1.65A

Total

Check with factory for availability.

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

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Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

Page 16

MQFL-28E-15S

15V

8A

Output:

Current:

Technical Specification

PART NUMBERING SYSTEM

The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below.

Output Voltage(s)

Input

Model

Name

Package Outline/

Pin Conﬁguration

Screening

Grade

Voltage

Range

Single

Output

Dual

Output

1R5S

1R8S

2R5S

3R3S

05S

06S

7R5S

09S

28

28E

28V

28VE

U

X

Y

W

Z

C

ES

HB

MQFL

MQHL

MQHR

05D

12D

15D

270

12S

15S

28S

Example:

MQFL-28E-15S–Y–ES

APPLICATION NOTES

A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website.

PATENTS

SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product:

5,999,417

6,927,987

6,222,742

7,050,309

6,545,890

7,072,190

6,577,109

7,085,146

6,594,159

7,119,524

6,731,520

7,269,034

6,894,468

7,272,021

6,896,526

7,272,023

Contact SynQor for further information:

Phone:

978-849-0600

Warranty

SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty

information is listed on our website or is available upon request from

SynQor.

Toll Free: 888-567-9596

Fax:

978-849-0602

E-mail:

Web:

mqnbofae@synqor.com

www.synqor.com

Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any

infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result

from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any

patent or patent rights of SynQor.

Address: 155 Swanson Road

Boxborough, MA 01719

USA

Product # MQFL-28E-15S

Phone 1-888-567-9596

www.synqor.com

Doc.# 005-0005105 Rev. 2

04/30/09

Page 17


型号：	MQFL-28E-15D-Z-HB
厂家：	SYNQOR WORLDWIDE HEADQUARTERS
描述：	DC-DC Regulated Power Supply Module, 2 Output, 120W, Hybrid, MODULE-12 转换器 DC-DC转换器
文件：	总17页 (文件大小：1208K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

MQFL-28E-15D-Z-HB [SYNQOR]

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