TSP15A10C-01 [TDK]
Analog Circuit, 1 Func;
| 型号： | TSP15A10C-01 |
| 厂家： | 
TDK ELECTRONICS |
| 描述： | Analog Circuit, 1 Func |
| 文件： | 总9页 (文件大小：540K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Powder Level Sensors
Piezoelectric type
LTS(3-terminal type self-oscillation formula) series
TSP(2-terminal type separate excitation oscillation formula) series
Issue date:
February 2012
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
• Conformity to RoHS Directive: This means that, in conformity with EU Directive 2002/95/EC, lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, and specific
bromine-based flame retardants, PBB and PBDE, have not been used, except for exempted applications.
(1/8)
Powder Level Sensors
LTS, TSP Series
TDK’s piezo-type level sensor, which uses a sensor element con-
sisting of a piezoelectric ceramic, was developed originally by
TDK.
The sensor detects the presence of powder when the sensor ele-
ment, which a built-in oscillating circuit causes to vibrate, comes
into contact with powder and the vibrational conditions are altered.
The TSP series, which employs an external source of oscillation
based on a custom chip, offers even better operational stability.
FEATURES
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
TSP D 10 C - 01
• This is a unique sensor that employs a piezoelectric ceramic
sensor element.
1
5
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
• The exterior has a die cast finish which makes the sensor highly
resistant to effects caused by external vibrations and provide
stable detection characteristics.
(1) Types of toner sensors
LTS: 3-terminal type self-oscillation formula
TSP: 2-terminal type separate excitation oscillation formula
(2) Sensor diameter
• The sensor can detect both magnetic and non-magnetic pow-
ders.
• The sensor can be easily mounted to a wide range of locations.
• Two output types are available: ON/OFF digital output (D type)
and continuously variable analog type (A type).
• Compact size and low cost.
1 : 11mm dia.
(3) Operational voltage
5 : DC.5V
(4) Output type
D : Digital
APPLICATIONS
A : Analog
• Toner detectors for copiers, laser printers, etc.
• Detectors for coffee and other powders in automatic beverage
vending machines.
(5) Shape of case
(6) Output terminal type
C : Directly attached connector
None : Lead lines
• Detectors for other types of powders.
(7) Identifying control number
SENSOR LEVEL EVALUATION METHOD
Position the sensor as indicated in the drawing below. The sensor
level is determined as the level at which the sensor detects powder
when powder is supplied from above.
Mesh
Sensor
Powder
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(2/8)
3-TERMINAL TYPE SELF-OSCILLATION FORMULA, LTS SERIES
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
A vibrator, comprising a piezoelectric element attached to a metal-
Digital
output
type
Self-oscillation
circuit
Rectifying
circuit
Integrating
circuit
Comparator
circuit
lic diaphragm, is supported by a die cast case. The vibrator is
driven by a self-oscillation circuit.
Analog
output
type
When the vibrator comes into contact with powder, the vibrator’s
oscillation is impeded, causing the vibrator to stop and hence the
powder to be detected.
Two types of outputs are available: The analog output type (direct
output of oscillation waveform) and the digital type (output of high-
low levels after passing the oscillation waveform through rectifying,
integrating, and comparator circuits).
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Item
Standard
Operating input voltage
Input current
5V 0.5V
20mA max.
0 to 50°C
5mm 3mm
4.5V min.
0.5V max.
Operating temperature range
Sensor level
Output voltage HIGH
Output voltage LOW
SHAPES AND DIMENSIONS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
Digital output type
26 0.2
19
2-ø3.3
2-ø6
3.5
( )
2
13
IN
Sensor OUT
GND
5V
(
)
18
V
ø11
Analog output type
IN
Lot No.
Dimensions in mm
Sensor OUT
GND
5V
Oscilloscope
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(3/8)
2-TERMINAL TYPE SEPARATE EXCITATION OSCILLATION FORMULA, TSP SERIES
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
A vibrator, comprising a piezoelectric element attached to a metal-
lic diaphragm, is supported by a die cast case. The vibrator is
driven by an external excitation oscillation circuit.
IC
inclusion
type
Amplifier •
Rectifying
circuit
Sweep
oscllation
Phase
detection
Cariculation Comparator
process circuit
When the vibrator comes into contact with powder, the vibrator’s
oscillation is impeded, causing the vibrator to stop and hence the
powder to be detected.
IC
un-inclusion
type
The external excitation oscillator circuit and phase comparator cir-
cuit etc. are driven by a TDK custom chip.
These products are available in two types: The "External chip" type
in which all the circuitry is provided in a separate chip and the sen-
sor consists only of the vibrator element, and the "Internal chip"
type in which the signal processing is performed inside the sensor
to provide a binary output of high/low levels.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Item
Standard
Operating input voltage
Input current
5V 0.5V
20mA max.
0 to 50°C
5mm 3mm
4.5V min.
0.5V max.
Operating temperature range
Sensor level
Output voltage HIGH
Output voltage LOW
BUILT-IN IC TYPE
SHAPES AND DIMENSIONS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
10
14
4
IN
6
4
8 0.2
4
2-ø6
2
0.5
3
2-ø3.3
Sensor OUT
GND
5V
V
2-C2
ø11
8.8
Pin No.3
Pin No.2
Pin No.1
Dimensions in mm
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(4/8)
IC SEPARATED TYPE
SHAPES AND DIMENSIONS
SENSOR
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
IN
OUT
GND
25 0.2
ø11
IN
4
17
4
6
Sensor
control
circuit
2-ø3.3
hole
12.5
2.5
Sensor
5V
V
OUT
2
+ Side
pattern
1.5
– Side
pattern
1
5
3
5
1
15
Dimensions in mm
IC SEPARATED TYPE PRECAUTIONS
CUSTOM IC CIRCUIT
• Shorten the connection distance between the sensor and IC
block as much as possible. This distance must not exceed
250mm.
IN
VDD
8
Ri
1
Cin
C0
RFA
• Observe the polarity of the sensor block.
• Consult with TDK when using this product.
Rin
7
FA
2
Sensor
TSP15A10 DRV
VDD
Reversible
the polarity
SL to GND or VDD
3
MON
6
Phase
(
)
detection
4
GND
5
OUT
Disposal
C0 : 10μF
Cin : 1000pF
Rin : 240kΩ
Ri : 10Ω
RFA: 18kΩ
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(5/8)
PIEZO-TYPE LEVEL SENSORS
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The basic structure and principles of operation of a piezoelectric
vibration type sensor are the same as those of a piezoelectric
sounder.
Since the sensing diaphragm surface will be exposed to powder
and must be wiped periodically, the piezoelectric vibration sensor
must be constructed in such a way that the surface of the sensing
diaphragm is flat and is located at the very front of the sensor.
In order to fulfill these conditions, the bond between the unimorph
structure and the case is located at the diaphragm perimeter, not
at the unimorph edge. The diaphragm perimeter is connected to
the case (diaphragm perimeter mounting in Fig.4).
The most generally used vibrator "unimorph" structure comprises
a thin piezoelectric disk, which has electrodes formed on both sur-
faces, attached to a thin metal diaphragm (Fig.1).
Fig.1: Structure of 3-terminal piezoelectric unimorph vibrator
Metal diaphragm
Piezoelectric
disk
(
)
Vibrator
Fig.4.Unimorph mounting/support methods
( )
a
Unimorph edge support
( )
c
Diaphragm perimeter mounting
Electrode
( )
b
Diaphragm perimeter support
The piezoelectric ceramic undergoes polarization treatment in the
direction perpendicular to the disk surface. As shown in Fig. 2,
when an external voltage is applied, the disk expands and con-
tracts in the direction of the polarization as well as in a perpendicu-
lar direction relative to the direction of polarization. In the unimorph
structure, a metal diaphragm that does not expand-contract when
an electric field is applied is attached to one side of the disk.
Therefore this metal diaphragm is flexed by expansion-contraction
of the piezoelectric ceramic as shown in Fig.3. The unimorph
structure vibrates due to repeated flexure when an AC signal is
used as the applied voltage.
Since sensor detection characteristics are greatly affected by
changes in the diaphragm perimeter support, various methods are
required to avoid this source of variance. These methods include
use of elastic silicone to attach the diaphragm, use of a fixed
attachment area / thickness, etc. (Fig.5)
Fig.5: Structure of piezoelectric vibrator type sensor
ø11mm
ø9mm
(
)
Diaphragm Phospher bronze
Piezoelectric element
Case
Zn die cast
Fig.2: Movement of the
piezoelectric element
Fig.3: Flexing vibration
Silicon
(
)
(
)
polarization direction
Board for control circuit
Electronic component
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(6/8)
3-TERMINAL TYPE POWDER LEVEL SENSORS
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Fig.8: Frequency characteristics of gain and phase change with a contact load to
be applied to piezoelectric vibrator surface
The three-terminal type powder level sensor is equipped with a
primary electrode and an output electrode on the piezoelectric
ceramic. The self-oscillation method is used to vibrate the perime-
ter-supported unimorph at its innate vibration frequency.
The unimorph structure utilized for this is shown in Fig.6.
Self-oscillation is carried out using a drive circuit such as that of
Fig.7.
25
170
Fr
120
70
15
5
Gain max.
Phase
Gain
20
–5
–15
–25
–35
–30
–80
–130
–180
Fig.6: Electrode structure of 3-terminal piezoelectric vibrator
Metal
diaphragm
Piezoelectric
disk
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
(
)
Frequency Hz
25
15
5
170
120
70
Phase
Gain
Electrode
20
–5
–15
–25
–35
Fig.7: Self-oscillation formula drive circuit with 3-terminal piezoelectric vibrator
R1
–30
–80
–130
–180
Q1
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
(
)
Frequency Hz
Q2
C2
D2
R6
25
15
5
170
120
70
Phase
Gain
20
–5
–15
–25
–35
–30
–80
–130
–180
Vibration characteristics are shown in Fig.8, as loading is gradually
increased starting from a non-loaded state with no powder contact-
ing the sensor diaphragm surface. Vibration can be maintained
since gain from the main electrode to the output electrode is high
in the non-loaded state. As the loading of the sensor diaphragm
surface increases (Fig.9), this gain decreases, and the gain
needed to maintain vibration can no longer be maintained as a
threshold loading value is exceeded. Then vibration stops.
The presence or absence of powder is detected by determining
whether a vibration occurs and then outputting the result.
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
(
)
Frequency Hz
Fig.9: Input and output waveform of piezoelectric vibrator
Gain
Input voltage
Amplifier
Output voltage
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(7/8)
2-TERMINAL TYPE POWDER LEVEL SENSORS
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The two-terminal type powder level sensor comprises a piezoelec-
tric ceramic equipped with electrodes on both sides. The sensor is
operated by applying an external AC signal to the electrodes on
both sides (Fig. 10).
Since the resonance frequency for the toner sensor is centered in
the vicinity of 6kHz, a frequency sweep from 4 to 8kHz is per-
formed to determine whether the signal from the sensor is induc-
tive or capacitive within this frequency range. If the piezoelectric
element is detected to be inductive during a sweep, a primary sig-
nal output indicates the "non-loaded" condition. If piezoelectric ele-
ment inductance is not detected during a sweep, the primary signal
output indicates the "loaded" condition. Although the presence or
absence of toner can be detected simply based on this output sig-
nal, a counter is provided that improves sensor accuracy by aver-
aging out output chattering (frequent alternating toner loaded /
non-loaded indications from the sensor diaphragm surface). Toner
detection is stabilized by providing final sensor output as a second-
ary output passing through this counter.
Fig.10: Structure of 2-terminal piezoelectric unimorph vibrator
Metal
diaphragm
Piezoelectric
disk
Fig.12: Frequency characteristics of impedance and phase change with contact
load to be applied to piezoelectric vibrator surface
Electrode
90
70
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
In contrast to the three-terminal type powder level sensor, the
vibration does not stop even after a load is applied since the vibra-
tion is caused by an external AC signal. The changes in unimorph
characteristics are used to distinguish whether or not a load is
applied to the sensor diaphragm surface. In the equivalent circuit
diagram shown in Fig.11, Cd denotes electrostatic capacitance, L0
denotes equivalent mass, C0 denotes the inverse number of the
equivalent stiffness and R0 denotes equivalent mechanical resis-
tance. The frequency at the impedance minimum in Fig.12 is the
series resonance point of L0, C0, and R0.
max.
50
30
10
–10
–30
Impedance
Fr
–50
–70
–90
Phase
R0
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
(
)
Frequency Hz
Fig.11: Equivalent circuit of 2-terminal piezoelectric unimorph vibrator
90
70
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
50
30
10
–10
–30
Impedance
Phase
–50
–70
–90
The unimorph of the two-terminal type sensor becomes inductive
in the vicinity of the resonance point when unloaded and exhibits a
capacitance at other times. However as the load upon the sensor
diaphragm surface increases, the phase characteristics gradually
change, and the sensor exhibits a capacitance over the entire fre-
quency range as the load is increased above a certain
value(Fig.12).
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
(
)
Frequency Hz
90
70
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
50
Using this characteristic, the loading is determined by detecting
the phase in the vicinity of the unimorph resonance point and
determining whether the sensor exhibits inductance (no load is
applied to the sensor diaphragm surface) or capacitance (load is
applied to the sensor diaphragm surface). This in turn allows the
sensor to detect the presence or absence of powder on the sensor
diaphragm surface.
30
10
–10
–30
Impedance
Phase
–50
–70
–90
TDK has built a special chip into this two-terminal type sensor to
realize stable driving and detection characteristics. The special
chip includes a sweep oscillator circuit, waveform shaping/amplifi-
cation circuit, phase detector circuit and digital control circuit.
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
(
)
Frequency Hz
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
(8/8)
PRECAUTIONS
[ALL TYPES]
• An extremely thin metal sheet and piezoelectric element are
used for the toner sensor detector surface. Therefore the sensor
detector surface must be handled carefully to make sure that it is
not subjected to mechanical stress.
• Grounding and other measures must be considered because the
sensor circuitry and piezoelectric element can be damaged by
surges and static electricity.
[3-TERMINAL TYPE]
• A ground should be connected to the case of the LTS type
during operation to prevent the case from changing potential.
[2-TERMINAL TYPE]
• Make sure that the OFF time of the sensor’s power supply is at
least 1msec to prevent an internal logic error.
• The length of wiring connections must be no longer that 250mm
when a separate chip is used to operate the sensor.
• Please consult with TDK when using a separate chip.
RELIABILITY TESTING
Temperature storage test
The sensor must operate properly after being placed for 240 hours
in a +60°C environment.
Low temperature storage test
The sensor must operate properly after being placed for 240 hours
in a –20°C environment.
Humidity endurance test
The sensor must operate properly after being placed for 240 hours
in a +30°C, 25% relative humidity environment.
Humidity endurance test
The sensor must operate properly after being placed for 240 hours
in a +40°C, 95% relative humidity environment.
Vibration test
The sensor must operate properly after being subjected to vibra-
tion cycles in directions x, y and z for two hours in each direction; a
single cycle consisting of 10 to 55Hz vibrations with an amplitude
of 0.7mm for one minute.
• All specifications are subject to change without notice.
002-02 / 20120215 / eb461_ts.
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