BQ2063DBQ [TI]
符合 SBS 1.1 标准、带保护器接口的电量监测计 | DBQ | 28 | 0 to 70;
| 型号： | BQ2063DBQ |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | 符合 SBS 1.1 标准、带保护器接口的电量监测计 | DBQ | 28 | 0 to 70 光电二极管 电源管理电路 电源电路 |
| 文件： | 总58页 (文件大小：739K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
SSOP (DBQ) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
D
D
D
Provides Accurate Measurement of
Available Charge in Li-Ion Batteries
Supports the 2-Wire SMBus V1.1 Interface
With PEC or Single-Wire HDQ16
1
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
HDQ16
ESCL
ESDA
RBI
REG
VOUT
VCC
SMBC
SMBD
SAFETY
GND
GND
VCELL
SR1
SR2
SRC
TS
2
3
Directly Interfaces the Seiko S-8243
Protection IC for Maximum Safety
Protection and Minimal Component Count
4
5
6
D
D
D
D
Supports Internal or External Thermistor
Reports Individual Cell Voltages
7
8
VSS
9
CTL2
CTL3
CTL4
LED1
LED2
LED3
Uses 15-Bit ADC for Accurate Voltage,
Temperature, and Current Measurements
10
11
12
13
14
THON
DISP
LED5
LED4
Measures Charge Flow Using A V-to-F
Converter With Offset of Less Than 16 µV
After Calibration
D
D
Consumes Less Than 0.5 mW Operating
Drives 4- or 5-Segment LED Display for
Remaining Capacity Indication
D
28-Pin 150-Mil SSOP
description
The bq2063 SBS-compliant gas gauge IC for battery-pack or in-system installation maintains an accurate
record of available charge in Li-Ion batteries. The bq2063 monitors capacity and other critical parameters in
Li-Ion battery packs. It also directly interfaces the Seiko S-8243 protection IC to minimize component count in
smart-battery circuits.
The bq2063 uses a V-to-F converter with automatic offset correction for charge and discharge counting. For
voltage, temperature, and current reporting, the bq2063 uses an A-to-D converter. In conjunction with the
S-8243, the onboard ADC also monitors individual cell voltages in a Li-Ion battery pack and allows the bq2063
to generate control signals to enhance pack safety.
The bq2063 supports the smart battery data (SBData) commands and charge-control functions. It
communicates data using the system management bus (SMBus) 2-wire protocol or the 1-wire HDQ16 protocol.
The data available include the battery’s remaining capacity, temperature, voltage, current, and remaining
run-time predictions. The bq2063 provides LED drivers and a push-button input to depict remaining battery
capacity from full to empty in 20% or 25% increments with a 4- or 5-segment display.
The bq2063 works with an external EEPROM. The EEPROM stores the configuration information for the
bq2063, such as the battery’s chemistry, self-discharge rate, rate-compensation factors, measurement
calibration, and design voltage and capacity. The bq2063 uses the programmable self-discharge rate and other
compensation factors stored in the EEPROM to accurately adjust remaining capacity for use and standby
conditions based on time, rate, and temperature. The bq2063 also automatically calibrates or learns the true
battery capacity in the course of a discharge cycle from programmable near full to near empty levels.
The S-8243 protection IC may be used to provide power to the bq2063 from a 3- or 4-series Li-Ion cell stack.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGE
T
J
28-LEAD SSOP
(DBQ)
–20°C to 70°C
bq2063DBQ
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright 2002, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
1
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NAME
I/O
DESCRIPTION
3-state outputs to interface the S-8243 protection IC
No.
9–11
17
CTL2–CTL4
DISP
O
I
Display control for the LED drivers LED1–LED5
ESCL
2
O
Serialmemory clock for data transfer between the bq2063 and the externalnonvolatileconfigurationmemory
ESDA
3
I/O
Bidirectional pin that transfers address and data to and from the bq2063 and the external nonvolatile
configuration memory
GND
24–25
Must be tied externally to VSS
HDQ16
LED1–LED5
RBI
1
12–16
4
I/O
O
I
Serial communication open-drain bidirectional communications port
LED display segments that each may drive an external LED
Register backup that provides backup potential to the bq2063 registers during periods of low operating
voltage. RBI accepts a storage capacitor or a battery input
REG
5
26
28
27
20
22–21
18
19
7
O
O
I/O
I/O
I
Regular output to control an n-JFET for Vcc regulation to the bq2063 from the battery potential
Open-drain output for an additional level of safety protection (e.g., fuse blow)
SMBus clock open-drain bidirectional pin used to clock the data transfer to and from the bq2063
SMBus data open-drain bidirectional pin used to transfer address and data to and from the bq2063
Current-sense voltage to monitor instantaneous current
SAFETY
SMBC
SMBD
SRC
SR1–SR2
THON
TS
I
Connections for a small-value sense resistor to monitor the battery charge- and discharge-current flow
Control for external FETs to connect the thermistor bias resistor during a temperature measurement
Thermistor voltage input connection to monitor temperature
O
I
VCC
I
Supply voltage
VCELL
VOUT
VSS
23
6
I
Single-cell voltage input that monitors the series element cell voltages from the S-8243
O
V
output that supplies power to the external EEPROM configuration memory
CC
Ground
8
†
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)
Supply voltage (V
with respect to V ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V
SS
CC
Input voltage, V
, all other pins (all with respect to V ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V
(IN)
SS
Operating free-air temperature range, T
Storage temperature range, T
Junction temperature range, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to 125°C
Lead temperature (soldering, 10 s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –20°C to 70°C
A
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –20°C to 70°C
STG
J
†
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
electrical characteristics for V
= 2.7 V to 3.7 V, T = –20°C to 70°C (unless otherwise noted)
A
CC
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
3.3
180
5
MAX
3.7
UNIT
V
V
CC
Supply voltage
2.7
I
I
I
Operating current
VOUT inactive
235
10
µA
µA
µA
CC
Low-power storage mode current
1.5 V < V < 3.7 V
CC
(SLP)
V
leakage current
VOUT inactive
–0.2
–5
0.2
(LVOUT)
OUT
OUT
VOUT active,
I
V
source current
mA
(VOUT)
V
= V
CC
= 5 mA
– 0.6 V
OUT
VI
(OLS)
Output voltage low: (LED1–LED5, CTL2–4)
Input voltage low DISP
I
0.4
0.8
V
V
V
(OLS)
V
V
–0.3
(IL)
Input voltage high DISP
2
V
CC
+ 0.3
IH
Output voltage low SMBC, SMBD, HDQ16, ESCL,
ESDA, THON
V
OL
I = 1 mA
OL
0.4
V
V
V
V
Input voltage low SMBC, SMBD, HDQ16, ESCL, ESDA
Input voltage high SMBC, SMBD, HDQ16, ESCL, ESDA
Input voltage range VCELL, TS, SRC
RBI data-retention input current
–0.3
1.7
0.8
6
V
V
(ILS)
(IHS)
(AI)
V
SS
– 0.3
1.25
50
V
I
V
> 3 V, V < 2 V
CC
10
nA
V
(RB)
(RBI)
V
RBI data-retention voltage
1.3
10
5
(RBI)
(AI1)
(AI2)
Z
Z
Input impedance SR1, SR2
0 V–1.25 V
0 V–1.25 V
MΩ
MΩ
Input impedance VCELL, TS, SRC
VFC characteristics, V
= 3.1 V to 3.5 V, T = 0°C to 70°C (unless otherwise noted)
A
CC
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
– V
MIN
–0.25
–250
–16
TYP
–50
0.8
MAX
0.25
250
UNIT
V
V
V
V
Input voltage range, V
Input offset
and V
V
= V
SR
(SR)
(SR2)
(SR1)
(SR2) (SR1)
= V , autocorrection disabled
(SR1)
V
(SR2)
µV
(SROS)
(SRCOS)
Calibrated offset
16
µV
RM
Supply voltage gain coefficient
V
CC
= 3.5 V
1.2
%/V
%/°C
VCO
Slope for T = –20°C to 70°C
–0.09
–1.6%
–0.05
–0.6%
0.09
0.1%
0.05
0.1%
0.21%
A
Total Deviation T = –20°C to 70°C
A
RM
Temperature gain coefficient (see Note 1)
Integral nonlinearity error
(TCO)
Slope for T = –0°C to 50°C
%/°C
A
Total Deviation T = –0°C to 50°C
A
INL
T
A
= 0°C to 50°C
NOTE 1: RM
(TCO)
total deviation is from the nominal VFC gain at 25°C.
REG characteristics (see Note 2)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
3.1
1
TYP
MAX
UNIT
V
JFET: R
V
(on) < 150 Ω
(ds)
(gs)
V
(RO)
REG controlled output voltage
REG
3.3
3.5
(off) ≤ –3 V at 10 µA
I
µA
REG
(output current)
NOTE 2: Characteristics for internal bq2063 regulator control. Leave REG pin open when using regulated voltage from S-8243.
3
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
SMBus ac specifications, T = –20°C to 70°C, 2.7 V < V
< 3.7 V (unless other noted)
CC
A
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
kHz
kHz
µs
F
F
T
T
T
T
SMBus operating frequency
SMBus master clock frequency
Bus free time between start and stop
Hold time after (repeated) start
Repeated start setup time
Stop setup time
Slave mode, SMBC 50% duty cycle
Master mode, no clock low slave extend
10
100
SMB
51.2
MAS
4.7
4.0
4.7
4.0
0
BUF
µs
HD:STA
SU:STA
SU:STO
µs
µs
Receive mode
Transmit mode
T
Data hold time
µs
HD:DAT
300
250
25
T
T
T
T
T
T
Data setup time
µs
ms
µs
SU:DAT
TIMEOUT
LOW
Error signal/detect
See Note 3
35
Clock low period
4.7
4.0
Clock high period
See Note 4
See Note 5
See Note 6
50
25
10
µs
HIGH
Cumulative clock low slave extend time
Cumulative clock low master extend time
ms
ms
LOW:SEXT
LOW:MEXT
NOTES: 3. The bq2063 times out when any clock low exceeds T
TIMEOUT
Max. is minimum bus idle time. SMBC = SMBD = 1 for t > 50 µs causes reset of any transaction involving bq2063 that is in
4.
T
HIGH
progress.
5.
6.
T
T
is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.
isthecumulativetimeamasterdeviceisallowedtoextendtheclockcyclesinonemessagefrominitialstarttothestop.
LOW:SEXT
LOW:MEXT
HDQ16 ac specifications, T = –20°C to 70°C, 2.7 V < V
< 3.7 V (unless otherwise noted)
CC
A
PARAMETER
Cycle time, host to bq2063 (write)
Cycle time, bq2063 to host (read)
Start hold time, host to bq2063 (write)
Start hold time, bq2063 to host (read)
Data setup time
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
190
TYP
MAX
UNIT
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
CYCH
CYCB
STRH
STRB
DSU
DSUB
(DH)
DV
190
5
205
250
32
50
50
Data setup time
Data hold time
100
80
Data valid time
Stop setup time
145
145
320
SSU
SSUB
RSPS
B
Stop setup time
Response time, bq2063 to host
Break time
190
190
40
Break recovery time
BR
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
Figures 1–4 illustrate the diagrams for the bq2063.
T
HIGH
SMBC
T
HD:STA
T
LOW
T
HD:DAT
T
SU:STA
T
T
SU:DAT
SU:STO
SMBD
T
BUF
Figure 1. SMBus Timing Data
t
BR
t
B
Figure 2. HDQ16 Break Timing
Write 1
Write 0
t
STRH
t
DSU
t
DH
t
SSU
t
CYCH
Figure 3. HDQ16 Host to bq2063
Read 1
Read 0
t
STRB
t
DSUB
t
DV
t
SSUB
t
CYCB
Figure 4. HDQ16 bq2063 to Host
5
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
functional description
general operation
The bq2063 determines battery capacity by monitoring the amount of charge input or removed from a
rechargeable battery. In addition to measuring charge and discharge, the bq2063 measures battery voltage,
temperature, and current, estimates battery self-discharge, and monitors the battery for low-voltage thresholds.
The bq2063 measures charge and discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series
sense resistor between the battery’s negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The
available battery charge is determined by monitoring this voltage and correcting the measurement for
environmental and operating conditions.
The bq2063 accepts an NTC thermistor (Semitec 103AT) for temperature measurement or can be configured
for internal IC measurement. The bq2063 uses temperature to monitor battery pack and to compensate the
self-discharge estimate.
measurements
The bq2063 uses a fully differential, dynamically balanced voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) for charge
measurement and a sigma delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for battery voltage, current, and temperature
measurement.
Voltage, current, and temperature measurements are made every 2–2.2 seconds, depending on the bq2063
operating mode. Maximum times occur with compensated EDV, mWh mode, and maximum allowable
discharge rate. Any AtRate computations requested or scheduled (every 20 seconds) may add up to 0.5
seconds to the time interval.
charge and discharge counting
The VFC measures the charge and discharge flow of the battery by monitoring a small-value sense resistor
between the SR1 and SR2 pins as shown in Figure 13. The VFC measures bipolar signals up to 250 mV. The
bq2063 detects charge activity when V
= V
–V
is positive and discharge activity when
SR
(SR2) (SR1)
V
= V
–V
is negative. The bq2063 continuously integrates the signal over time using an internal
SR
(SR2) (SR1)
counter. The fundamental rate of the counter is 6.25 µVh.
offset calibration
The bq2063 provides an auto-calibration feature to cancel the voltage offset error across SR and SR for
1
2
maximum charge measurement accuracy. The calibration routine is initiated by issuing a command to
ManufacturerAccess( ). The bq2063 is capable of automatic offset calibration down to 6.25µV. Offset
cancellation resolution is less than 1 µV.
digital filter
The bq2063 does not measure charge or discharge counts below the digital filter threshold. The digital filter
threshold is programmed in the EEPROM and should be set sufficiently high to prevent false signal detection
with no charge or discharge flowing through the sense resistor.
voltage
While monitoring SR and SR for charge and discharge currents, the bq2063 monitors the battery-pack
1
2
potential and the individual cell voltages through the VCELL pin. The bq2063 measures the voltage of three or
four series elements in a battery pack. CTL3 and CTL4 signal the S-8243 to present the cell voltages at the
VCELLinput of the bq2063 according to Table 11. The bq2063 calculates the pack voltage and reports the result
in Voltage( ). The individual cell voltages are stored in the optional manufacturer function area.
6
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
functional description (continued)
current
The SRC input of the bq2063 measures battery charge and discharge current. The SRC ADC input converts
the current signal from the series sense resistor and stores the result in Current( ). The full-scale input range
to SBC is limited to ±250 mV.
temperature
The bq2063 can use its internal sensor or an external thermistor to develop the temperature reading, depending
on the programming of the EXTH bit in Pack Configuration, EE 0x3f.
The TS input of the bq2063 in conjunction with an NTC thermistor measures the battery temperature as shown
in Figure 13. The bq2063 reports temperature in Temperature( ). THON may be used to switch the bias current
through the external thermistor when the bq2063 samples the TS input. THON is low impedance for 60 ms when
the temperature is measured, and high impedance otherwise.
gas gauge operation
general
The operational overview in Figure 5 illustrates the gas gauge operation of the bq2063. Table 2 describes the
bq2063 registers.
Inputs
Charge
Current
Battery Load and Light
Discharge Estimate
Discharge
Current
Self-Discharge
Timer
Charge
Efficiency
Compensation
Temperature
Compensation
–
–
–
+
+
+
Full
Discharge
Count
Register
(DCR)
Remaining
Capacity
(RM)
Charge
Capacity
(FCC)
+
Main Counters and
≤
Qualified
Transfer
Capacity Reference (FCC)
Temperature, Other Data
Outputs
Chip-Controlled
Two-Wire
Available Charge Serial Port
LED Display
Figure 5. bq2063 Operational Overview
7
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
general (continued)
The bq2063 accumulates a measure of charge and discharge currents and estimates self-discharge of the
battery. The bq2063 compensates the charge current measurement for temperature and state-of-charge of the
battery. The bq2063 also adjusts the self-discharge estimation based on temperature.
The main charge counter RemainingCapacity( ) (RM) represents the available capacity or energy in the battery
at any given time. The bq2063 adjusts RM for charge, self-discharge, and leakage compensation factors. The
information in the RM register is accessible through the communications ports and is also represented through
the LED display.
The FullChargeCapacity( ) (FCC) register represents the last measured full discharge of the battery. It is used
as the battery’s full-charge reference for relative capacity indication. The bq2063 updates FCC after the battery
undergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. FCC is accessible through the serial
communications ports.
The Discharge Count Register (DCR) is a non-accessible register that tracks discharge of the battery. The
bq2063 uses the DCR register to update the FCC register if the battery undergoes a qualified discharge from
nearly full to a low battery level. In this way, the bq2063 learns the true discharge capacity of the battery under
system use conditions.
main gas-gauge registers
The gas-gauge register functions are described in Table 2.
RemainingCapacity( ) (RM)
RM represents the remaining capacity in the battery. The bq2063 computes RM in either mAh or 10 mWh
depending on the selected mode.
RM counts up during charge to a maximum value of FCC and down during discharge and self-discharge to 0.
In addition to charge and self-discharge compensation, the bq2063 calibrates RM at three low-battery-voltage
thresholds, EDV2, EDV1, and EDV0 and three programmable midrange thresholds VOC25, VOC50, and
VOC75. This provides a voltage-based calibration to the RM counter.
DesignCapacity( ) (DC)
The DC is the user-specified battery full capacity. It is calculated from Pack Capacity EE 0x3a-0x3b and is
represented in mAh or 10 mWh. It also represents the full-battery reference for the absolute display mode.
FullChargeCapacity( ) (FCC)
FCC is the last measured discharge capacity of the battery. It is represented in either mAh or 10 mWh,
depending on the selected mode. On initialization, the bq2063 sets FCC to the value stored in Last Measured
Discharge EE 0x38-0x39. During subsequent discharges, the bq2063 updates FCC with the last measured
discharge capacity of the battery. The last measured discharge of the battery is based on the value in the DCR
register after a qualified discharge occurs. Once updated, the bq2063 writes the new FCC value to EEPROM
in mAh to Last Measured Discharge. FCC represents the full battery reference for the relative display mode and
relative state of charge calculations.
discharge count register (DCR)
The DCR register counts up during discharge, independent of RM. DCR can continue to count even after RM
has counted down to 0. Before RM = 0, discharge activity, light discharge estimation, battery load estimation,
and self-discharge increment DCR. After RM = 0, the bq2063 does not apply self-discharge and DCR
increments only because of discharge activity, light discharge estimation, and battery load estimation. The
bq2063 initializes DCR, at the beginning of a discharge, to FCC – RM when RM is within twice the programmed
value in Near Full EE 0x55. The DCR initial value of FCC – RM is reduced by FCC/128 if SC = 0 (bit 2 in Control
Mode) and is not reduced if SC = 1. DCR stops counting when the battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold
on discharge.
8
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
gas gauge operation (continued)
capacity learning (FCC update) and qualified discharge
The bq2063 updates FCC with an amount based on the value in DCR if a qualified discharge occurs. The new
value for FCC equals the DCR value plus the programmable nearly full and low battery levels, according to the
following equation:
(1)
FCC (new) + DCR (final) + DCR (initial) ) Measured Discharge to EDV2 ) (FCC Battery Low%)
Battery Low % = (value stored in EE 0x54) ÷ 2.56
A qualified discharge occurs if the battery discharges from RM ≥ FCC – Near Full × 2 to the EDV2 voltage
threshold with the following conditions:
D
D
D
No valid charge activity occurs during the discharge period. A valid charge is defined as a charge of 10 mAh
into the battery.
No more than 256 mAh of self-discharge, battery load estimation, and/or light discharge estimation occurs
during the discharge period.
The temperature does not drop below the low temperature thresholds programmed in Max T_LowT or 12°C
during the discharge period. The threshold depends on the programming of the LLTF bit in Pack
Programming, EE 0x63.
D
The battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold during the discharge period and the voltage was less than
the EDV2 threshold minus 256 mV when the bq2063 detected EDV2.
D
D
No midrange voltage correction occurs during the discharge period.
Current remains ≥ 3C/32 or C/32, depending on Pack Programming selection, when EDV2 or Battery Low
% level is reached.
The bq2063 sets VDQ=1 in Pack Status when qualified discharge begins. The bq2063 sets VDQ=0 if any
disqualifying condition occurs. FCC cannot be reduced by more than 256 mAh or increased by more than
512 mAh during any single update cycle. The bq2063 saves the new FCC value to the EEPROM within 4
seconds of being updated.
end-of-discharge thresholds and capacity correction
The bq2063 monitors the battery for three low-voltage thresholds, EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. The EDV
thresholds can be programmed for determination based on the overall pack voltage or an individual cell level.
The EDVV bit in Pack Programming configures the bq2063 for overall voltage or single-cell EDV thresholds.
If programmed for single cell EDV determination, the bq2063 determines EDV on the basis of the lowest
single-cell voltage. Fixed EDV thresholds may be programmed in EDVF/EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73, EMF/EDV1 EE
0x74-0x75, and EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EE 0x78-0x79. If the CEDV bit in Pack Configuration is set, automatic
EDV compensation is enabled and the bq2063 computes the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds based on the
values in EE 0x72-0x7d, 0x06, and the battery’s current discharge rate and temperature. The bq2063 disables
EDV detection if Current( ) exceeds the Overload Current threshold programmed in EE 0x46 – EE 0x47. The
bq2063 resumes EDV threshold detection after Current( ) drops below the overload current threshold. Any EDV
threshold detected is reset after 10 mAh of charge are applied.
9
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
end-of-discharge thresholds and capacity correction (continued)
Table 1. State of Charge Based on Low Battery Voltage
THRESHOLD
RELATIVE STATE
OF CHARGE
EDV0
EDV1
EDV2
0%
3%
Battery Low %
The bq2063 uses the EDV thresholds to apply voltage-based corrections to the RM register according to
Table 1. The bq2063 performs EDV-based RM adjustments with Current( ) ≥ C/32. No EDVs are set if current
< C/32. The bq2063 adjusts RM as it detects each threshold. If the voltage threshold is reached before the
corresponding capacity on discharge, the bq2063 reduces RM to the appropriate amount as shown in Table 1.
This reduction occurs only if current ≥ C/32 when the EDV threshold is detected. If RM reaches the capacity
level before the voltage threshold is reached on discharge, the bq2063 prevents RM from decreasing further
until the battery voltage reaches the corresponding threshold only on a full learning cycle discharge. RM is not
held at the associated EDV percentage on a nonlearning discharge cycle (VDQ=0) or if current < C/32.
Table 2. bq2063 Register Functions
COMMAND CODE
SMBus HDQ16
ACCESS
(SMBus)
FUNCTION
UNITS
ManufacturerAccess
RemainingCapacityAlarm
RemainingTimeAlarm
BatteryMode
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0a
0x0b
0x0c
0x0d
0x0e
0x0f
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0a
0x0b
0x0c
0x0d
0x0e
0x0f
read/write
read/write
read/write
read/write
read/write
read
NA
mAh, 10 mWh
minutes
NA
AtRate
mA, 10mW
minutes
minutes
Boolean
0.1°K
AtRateTimeToFull
AtRateTimeToEmpty
AtRateOK
read
read
Temperature
read
Voltage
read
mV
Current
read
mA
AverageCurrent
MaxError
read
mA
read
percent
percent
percent
mAh, 10 mWh
mAh, 10 mWh
minutes
minutes
minutes
mA
RelativeStateOfCharge
AbsoluteStateOfCharge
RemainingCapacity
FullChargeCapacity
RunTimeToEmpty
AverageTimeToEmpty
AverageTimeToFull
ChargingCurrent
ChargingVoltage
Battery Status
read
read
read
0x10
0x11
0x12
0x13
0x14
0x15
0x16
0x17
0x18
0x19
0x1a
0x1b
0x10
0x11
0x12
0x13
0x14
0x15
0x16
0x17
0x18
0x19
0x1a
0x1b
read
read
read
read
read
read
mV
read
NA
CycleCount
read
cycles
DesignCapacity
DesignVoltage
read
mAh, 10 mWh
mV
read
SpecificationInfo
ManufactureDate
read
NA
read
NA
10
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
Table 2. bq2063 Register Functions (Continued)
COMMAND CODE
SMBus HDQ16
ACCESS
(SMBus)
FUNCTION
SerialNumber
UNITS
integer
0x1c
0x1c
read
Reserved
0x1d-0x1f
0x20
0x1d–0x1f
0x20–0x25
0x28–0x2b
0x30–0x32
0x38–0x3b
0x2f (LSB)
0x2f (MSB)
0x3c
—
—
ManufacturerName
DeviceName
DeviceChemistry
ManufacturerData
Pack Status
Pack Configuration
VCELL4
read
string
string
string
string
NA
0x21
read
0x22
read
0x23
read
0x2f (LSB)
0x2f (MSB)
0x3c
read/write
read/write
read/write
read/write
read/write
read/write
NA
mV
VCELL3
0x3d
0x3d
mV
VCELL2
0x3e
0x3e
mV
VCELL1
0x3f
0x3f
mV
self-discharge
The bq2063 estimates the self-discharge of the battery to maintain an accurate measure of the battery capacity
during periods of inactivity. The algorithm for self-discharge estimation takes a programmed estimate for the
expected self-discharge rate at 25°C stored in EEPROM and makes a fixed reduction to RM of an amount equal
to RemainingCapacity( )/256. The bq2063 makes the fixed reduction at a varying time interval that is adjusted
to achieve the desired self-discharge rate. This method maintains a constant granularity of 0.39% for each
self-discharge adjustment, which may be performed multiple times per day, instead of once per day with a
potentially large reduction.
The self-discharge estimation rate for 25°C is doubled for each 10 degrees above 25°C or halved for each 10
degrees below 25°C. The following table shows the relation of the self-discharge estimation at a given
temperature to the rate programmed for 25°C (Y% per day).
Table 3. Self-Discharge for Rate Programmed
TEMPERATURE
SELF-DISCHARGE RATE
(°C)
Temp < 10
1/4 Y% per day
1/2 Y% per day
Y% per day
10 ≤ Temp <20
20 ≤ Temp <30
30 ≤ Temp <40
40 ≤ Temp <50
50 ≤ Temp <60
60 ≤ Temp <70
70≤ Temp
2Y% per day
4Y% per day
8Y% per day
16Y% per day
32Y% per day
The interval at which RM is reduced is given by the following equation, where n is the appropriate factor of 2
(n = 1/4, 1/2,1, 2, . . . ):
640 • 13500
256 • n • (Y% per day)
Self-Discharge Update Time +
seconds
(2)
Example: If T = 35°C (n = 2) and programmed self-discharge rate Y is 2.5% per day at 25°C, the bq2063 reduces
RM by RM/256 (0.39%) every
640 • 13500
256 • 2 • 2.5
+ 6750 seconds
(3)
11
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
self-discharge (continued)
The timer that keeps track of the self-discharge update time is halted whenever charge activity is detected. The
timer is reset to zero if the bq2063 reaches the RemainingCapacity( )=FullChargeCapacity( ) condition while
charging.
CAPACITY
vs
TIME
1200
1000
800
T
A
= 15°C
600
400
200
0
T
= 25°C
A
T
= 35°C
A
T
A
= 45°C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time – Days
Figure 6. Self-Discharge at 2.5%/Day at 25°C
This means that a 0.39% reduction of RM is made 12.8 times per day to achieve the desired 5% per day
reduction at 35°C.
Figure 6 illustrates how the self-discharge estimate algorithm adjusts RemainingCapacity( ) vs temperature.
light discharge or suspend current compensation
The bq2063 can be configured in two ways to compensate for small discharge currents that produce a signal
below the digital filter. First, the bq2063 can decrement RM and DCR at a rate determined by the value stored
in Light Discharge Current EE 0x64 when it detects no discharge activity and the SMBC and SMBD lines are
high. Light Discharge Current has a range of 0 mA to 11.2 mA, with 44 µA granularity.
Alternatively, the bq2063 can be configured to disable the digital filter for discharge when the SMBC and SMBD
lines are high. In this way, the digital filter does not mask the leakage-current signal. The bq2063 is configured
in this mode by setting the NDF bit in Control Mode.
battery electronic load compensation
The bq2063 can be configured to compensate for a constant load present in the battery pack at all times, such
as from battery electronics. The bq2063 applies the compensation continuously when the charge or discharge
is below the digital filter. The bq2063 applies the compensation in addition to self-discharge. The compensation
occurs at a rate determined by the value stored in Pack Load Estimate EE 0x1c. The compensation range is
0 µA–700 µA in steps of approximately 2.75 µA.
12
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
midrange capacity corrections
The bq2063 applies midrange capacity corrections when the VCOR bit is set in PackConfiguration. The bq2063
adjusts RM to the associated percentage at three different voltage levels: VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. The
VOC values represent the open circuit battery voltage at which RM corresponds to the associated for each
threshold.
For the midrange corrections to occur, the temperature must be in the range of 19°C to 31°C inclusive and the
Current( ) and AverageCurrent( ) must both be between –64 mA and 0. The bq2063 makes midrange
corrections as shown in Table 4. For a correction to occur, the bq2063 must detect the need for correction twice
during subsequent 20-s intervals. With the VCOR bit set, the bq2063 makes mid-range corrections whenever
conditionspermit. IftheOTVCbitinPackConfigurationissetandVCOR=0, thebq2063makesasingleattempt
of mid-range correction immediately after device reset and does not require a second validation. The OTVC bit
read by command code 0x2f is cleared within 2 seconds after a device reset, when the midrange voltage
correction attempt is made.
Table 4. Midrange Corrections
CONDITION
RESULT
Voltage( ) ≥ VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≤ 63%
< VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≥ 87%
≥VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≤ 38%
<VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≥ 62%
≥ VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≤ 13%
< VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≥ 37%
RelativeStateOfCharge( )→75%
RelativeStateOfCharge( )→75%
RelativeStateOfCharge( )→50%
RelativeStateOfCharge( )→50%
RelativeStateOfCharge( )→25%
RelativeStateOfCharge( )→25%
charge control
charging voltage and current broadcasts
The bq2063 supports SBS charge control by broadcasting the ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) to
the Smart Charger address. The bq2063 broadcasts the requests every 10 seconds. The bq2063 updates the
values used in the charging current and voltage broadcasts based on the battery’s state of charge, voltage, and
temperature. The charge voltage is programmed in Charging Voltage EE 0x0a-0x0b. The charge current may
take any of four different values and depends on charge state and operating conditions.
The bq2063 internal charge control is compatible with the constant current/constant voltage profile for Li-Ion.
The bq2063 detects primary charge termination on the basis of the tapering charge current during the
constant-voltage phase.
alarm broadcasts to smart charger and host
If any of the bits 8–15 in BatteryStatus( ) are set, the bq2063 broadcasts an AlarmWarning( ) message to the
Host address. If any of the bits 12–15 in BatteryStatus( ) are set, the bq2063 also sends an AlarmWarning( )
message to the Smart Charger address. The bq2063 repeats the AlarmWarning( ) messages every 10 seconds
until the alarm bits are cleared.
precharge qualification
The bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to the precharge rate as programmed in Pre-charge Current EE 0x1e
under the following conditions:
D
Voltage: The bq2063 requests the precharge charge rate when Voltage( ) or the lowest cell voltage drops
below the EDVF threshold or when the EDV0 threshold is detected. Once requested, a precharge rate
remains until Voltage( ) or the lowest cell voltage increases above the EDVF threshold. The EDVF threshold
is programmed in EDVF/ EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73.
13
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
D
Temperature: The bq2063 requests the precharge rate when Temperature( ) is between 0°C and the low
temperature fault (LTF) threshold programmed in MaxT_LowT. Temperature( ) must be equal to or greater
than the LTF threshold to allow the fast-charge rate. The LTF threshold is programmed in the lower nibble
of MaxT_LowT EE 0x45.
charge suspension
The bq2063 may temporarily suspend charge if it detects a charging fault. A charging fault includes the following
conditions.
D
Overcurrent: An overcurrent condition exists when the bq2063 measures the charge current to be more
than Overcurrent Margin plus ChargingCurrent( ). Overcurrent Margin is programmed in EE 0x49. On
detecting an overcurrent condition, the bq2063 sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in Battery Status( ). The overcurrent condition and
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARMare cleared when the measured current drops belowOvercurrentMargin.
D
Overvoltage: An overvoltage condition exists when the bq2063 measures the battery voltage to be more
than Overvoltage Margin plus ChargingVoltage( ), or when a Li-Ion cell voltage has exceeded the
overvoltage limit programmed in Cell Under/Overvoltage. Overvoltage Margin is programmed in EE 0x48
and Cell Under/Over Voltage in EE 0x4a. On detecting an overvoltage condition, the bq2063 sets the
ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in BatteryStatus( ). The
bq2063 clears the TERMINATE_ CHARGE_ALARM bit when it detects that the battery is no longer being
charged (DISCHARGING bit set in BatteryStatus( )). The bq2063 continues to broadcast zero charging
current until the overvoltage condition is cleared. The overvoltage condition is cleared when the measured
battery voltage drops below the ChargingVoltage( ) plus the Overvoltage Margin and all cell voltages are
less than the Cell Under/Over Voltage threshold.
D
D
Overtemperature: An overtemperature condition exists when Temperature( ) is greater than or equal to the
Max T value programmed in EE 0x45 (MSN). On detecting an overtemperature condition, the bq2063 sets
the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the OVER_TEMP_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM
bit in BatteryStatus( ) and the CVOV bit in Pack Status. The overtemperature condition is cleared when
Temperature( ) is equal to or below (MaxT –5°C) or 43°C.
Overcharge: An overcharge condition exists if the battery is charged more than the Maximum Overcharge
value after RM = FCC. Maximum Overcharge is programmed in EE 0x2e-0x2f. On detecting an overcharge
condition, the bq2063 sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the OVER_CHARGED_ALARM,
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM, and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus( ). The bq2063 clears the
OVER_ CHARGED_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM when it detects that the battery is no
longer being charged. The FULLY_CHARGED bit remains set and the bq2063 continues to broadcast zero
chargingcurrentuntilRelativeStateOfCharge( )islessthanFullyChargedClear%programmedinEE0x4c.
The counter used to track overcharge capacity is reset with 2 mAh of discharge.
D
Undertemperature: An undertemperature condition exists if Temperature( ) < 0°C. On detecting an under
temperature condition, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to zero. The bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( )
to the appropriate precharge rate or fast-charge rate when Temperature( ) ≥ 0°C.
primary charge termination
The bq2063 terminates charge if it detects a charge-termination condition based on current taper. A
charge-termination condition includes the following:
For current taper, ChargingVoltage( ) must be set to the pack voltage desired during the constant-voltage
phase of charging. The bq2063 detects a current taper termination when the pack voltage is greater than
ChargingVoltage( ) minus Current Taper Qual Voltage in EE 0x4f and the charging current is below a
threshold determined by Current Taper Threshold in EE 0x4e, for at least 40 seconds. The bq2063 uses the
VFC to measure current for current taper termination. The current must also remain above 0.5625/Rs mA to
qualify the termination condition.
14
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
primary charge termination (continued)
Once the bq2063 detects
a
primary charge termination, the bq2063 sets the
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus( ), and sets the
ChargingCurrent( ) to the maintenance charge rate as programmed in Maintenance Charging Current EE
0x1d. On termination, the bq2063 also sets RM to a programmed percentage of FCC, provided that
RelativeStateOfCharge( )isbelowthedesiredpercentageofFCCandtheCSYNCbitinPackConfiguration
EE 0x3f is set. The programmed percentage of FCC, Fast Charge Termination %, is set in EE 0x4b. The
bq2063 clears the FULLY_CHARGED bit when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is less than the programmed
Fully Charged Clear %. The bq2063 broadcasts the fast-charge rate when the FULLY_CHARGED bit is
cleared and voltage and temperature permit. The bq2063 clears the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM
when it no longer detects that the battery is being charged or it no longer detects the termination condition.
See Table 5 for a summary of BatteryStatus( ) alarm and status bit operation.
Table 5. Alarm and Status Bit Summary
CC( ) CURRENT AND
STATUS BITS SET
BATTERY STATE
CONDITIONS
STATUS CLEAR CONDITION
C( ) < Overcurrent Margin
AC( ) < 256 mA
Overcurrent
C( ) ≥ CC( ) + Overcurrent Margin
CC( ) = 0, TCA = 1
Prolonged
overcurrent
AC( ) ≥ Fast-Charging Current +
Overcurrent Margin
CVOV = 1
CC( ) = 0, TCA = 1
Overload
AC( ) ≤ –Overload Current
CVUV = 1
TCA = 1
AC( ) ≥ –256 mA
DISCHARGING = 1
V( ) ≥ CV( ) + Overvoltage Margin
VCELL1, 2, 3, or 4 ≥ Cell Over Voltage
Overvoltage
V( ) < CV( ) + Overvoltage Margin
VCELL(all) ≤ Cell Over Voltage
CC( ) = 0, CVOV = 1
CC( ) = 0, OTA = 1,
TCA = 1, CVOV = 1
Overtemperature
Overcharge
T( ) ≥ Max T
T( ) ≤ Max T - 5°C or T( ) ≤ 43°C
CC( ) = 0, FC = 1
OCA = 1, TCA = 1
CC( ) = 0
RSOC( )< Fully Charged Clear %
DISCHARGING = 1
0°C ≤ T( )
Capacity added after RM( ) = FCC( ) ≥
Maximum Overcharge
T( ) < 0°C
Undertemperature
0°C ≤ T( ) < LTF
CC( ) = Pre-Charge Current T( ) ≥ LTF
FC = 1
CC( ) = Maintenance
Charging Current
Primary charge
termination
Current taper
RSOC( ) < Fully Charged Clear%
RM( ) < Battery Low % and
DISCHARGING = 1
Fully discharged
Overdischarged
FD = 1
RSOC( ) ≥ 20%
RM( ) = 0
V( ) or VCELL1, 2, 3, or 4 ≤ EDV0
TDA = 1
V( ) or VCELL(all) > EDV0 and RM( ) > 0
V( ) > EDV0
VCELL(all) ≥ Cell Under Voltage
VCELL1, 2, 3 or 4 < Cell Under Voltage
TDA = 1, CVUV = 1
Low capacity
Low run time
RM( ) < RCA( )
RCA = 1
RTA = 1
RM( ) ≥ RCA( )
ATTE( ) < RTA( )
ATTE( ) ≥ RTA( )
NOTE: AC( ) = AverageCurrent( ), C( ) = Current( ), CV( ) = ChargingVoltage( ), CC( ) = ChargingCurrent( ), V( ) = Voltage( ),
T( ) = Temperature( ), TCA = TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM, OTA = OVER_TEMPERATURE_ALARM,
OCA = OVER_CHARGED_ALARM, TDA = TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM, FC = FULLY_CHARGED,
FD = FULLY_DISCHARGED, RSOC( ) = RelativeStateOfCharge( ). RM( ) = RemainingCapacity( ),
RCA = REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM, RTA = REMAINING_TIME_ALARM, ATTE( ) = AverageTimeToEmpty( ),
RTA( ) = RemainingTimeAlarm( ), RCA( ) = RemainingCapacityAlarm( ). LTF = Low Temperature Fault threshold
FCC( ) = Full Charge Capacity
15
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
display port
general
The display port drives a 4 or 5 LED bar-graph display. The display is activated by a logic signal on the DISP
input. The bq2063 can display RM in either a relative or absolute mode with each LED representing a
percentage of the full-battery reference. In relative mode, the bq2063 uses FCC as the full-battery reference;
in absolute mode, it uses dc.
The DMODE bit in Pack Configuration programs the bq2063 for the absolute or relative display mode. The LED
bit in Control Mode programs the 4- or 5-LED option. A fifth LED can be used with the 4-LED display option to
show when the battery capacity is ≥100%.
activation
The display may be activated at any time by a high-to-low transition on the DISP input. This is usually
accomplished with a pullup resistor and a pushbutton switch. Detection of the transition activates the display
and starts a four second display timer. Reactivation of the display requires that the DISP input return to a
logic-high state and then transition low again. The second high-to-low transition must occur after the display
timer expires. The bq2063 requires the input to remain stable for a minimum of 250 ms to detect the logic state.
If unused, the DISP input must be pulled up to V
.
CC
If the EDV0 bit is set, the bq2063 disables the LED display. The display is also disabled during a VFC calibration
and should be turned off before entering low-power storage mode.
display modes
In relative mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the RelativeStateOfCharge( ) value. In absolute
mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) value. Table 6 shows the
display options for 5 LEDs and Table 7 for 4 LEDs.
In either mode, the bq2063 blinks the LED display if RemainingCapacity( ) is less than Remaining
CapacityAlarm( ). The display is disabled if EDV0 = 1.
Table 6. Display Mode for Five LEDs
CONDITION RELATIVE
OR ABSOLUTE
FIVE LED DISPLAY OPTION
LED LED LED
LED
LED
5
StateOfCharge( )
1
2
3
4
EDV0 = 1
<20%
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
≥20%, < 40%
≥40%, < 60%
≥60%, < 80%
≥80%
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Table 7. Display Mode for Four LEDs
CONDITION RELATIVE
OR ABSOLUTE
FOUR LED DISPLAY OPTION
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
StateOfCharge( )
EDV0 = 1
<25%
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
≥25%, < 50%
≥50%, < 75%
≥75%
ON
ON
ON
16
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
Li-Ion protector control
The bq2063 provides a secondary level of protection for lithium Ion batteries, as shown in Table 8. The bq2063
uses the CTL2 output to communicate battery conditions to the S-8243A/B Protector IC. When the CVOV or
CVUV condition occurs the bq2063 changes the state of the CTL2 pin according to Table 8.
The cell overvoltage threshold should be set higher than the overvoltage threshold of the S-8243 protector,
establishing a secondary overvoltage protection limit. The cell undervoltage threshold should be set somewhat
higher than the overdischarged threshold of the S-8243 protector, establishing the primary undervoltage limit.
There is no secondary undervoltage limit if the cell undervoltage threshold is set lower, because the S-8243
goes into a power-down mode and removes V
also recommended that the bq2063 protection control be validated by two successive measurements by setting
to the bq2063 when it detects the overdischarged limit. It is
CC
PDLY=1 in Pack Programming.
The bq2063 asserts CVOV to turn off the charge FET if cell overvoltage, battery overvoltage, or
overtemperature conditions exist, or if AverageCurrent( ) ≥ Fast-Charging Current + Overcurrent Margin
(Prolonged Overcurrent condition in Table 5). It returns control to the S-8243 when overvoltage and
overtemperature conditions no longer exist, AverageCurrent( ) < 256 mA (if Prolonged Current generated the
fault condition), or Current( ) < 0.
The bq2063 asserts CVUV to turn off the discharge FET if a cell undervoltage condition exists, or if
AverageCurrent( ) ≤ –Overload current (Overload). It returns control to the S–8243 when the undervoltage
condition no longer exists and AverageCurrent( ) ≥ –256mA (if Overload generated the fault condition), or
Current( ) > 0.
Table 8. bq2063 to S-8243A/B Interface (FET Protection Control)
OUTPUT
CTL2
INSTRUCTION TO S-8243A/B (CTL1 = LOW)
Battery State (Table 5)
DISCHARGING FET
Normal (see Note)
Normal (see Note)
Off
CHARGING FET
Off
CVOV = 1: Prolonged Overcurrent, Overvoltage, Overtemperature
CVOV = CVUV = 0
High
Open
Low
Normal (see Note)
Normal (see Note)
CVUV = 1: Overload, Overdischarged
NOTE: State determined by S-8243A/B
SAFETY output
The SAFETY output of the bq2063 provides an additional level of safety control. The active low safety output
can be used to blow fuse or control another switch based on temperature or a programmable pack-voltage level.
The safety temperature threshold is programmable in Safety Overtemperature in EE 0x08 and the voltage level
is programmable in Safety Overvoltage in EE 0x1f. The bq2063 SAFETY is allowed to go low only after the
CVOV bit is set 2 seconds before either Voltage( ) > Safety Overvoltage or Temperature( ) ≥ Safety
Overtemperature. If the SAFETY output activates, the bq2063 sets the SOV bit in Pack Status. SOV remains
set until the bq2063 is reset or the bit is overwritten.
An example circuit using the SAFETY output to blow a fuse is shown in Figure 7.
17
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
SAFETY output (continued)
FUSE
BAT+
V
CC
Cell 4
1 MΩ
0.1 µF
BSS84
100 kΩ
2N7002
SAFETY
1 MΩ
Figure 7. Example SAFETY Circuit Implementation
low-power storage mode
The bq2063 enters low-power mode 5-8 seconds after receiving the Enable Low-Power command. In this mode
the bq2063 consumes less than 10 µA. A rising edge on SMBC, SMBD, or HDQ16 restores the bq2063 to the
full operating mode. The bq2063 does not perform any gas-gauge functions during low-power storage mode.
device reset
The bq2063 can be reset with commands over the HDQ16 or SMBus. Upon reset, the bq2063 initializes its
internal registers with the information contained in the configuration EEPROM. The following command
sequence initiates a full bq2063 reset:
1. Write 0x005a to address 0x4f
2. Write 0x0000 to address 0x7d
3. Write 0x0080 to address 0x7d
A partial reset of the bq2063 occurs if step one is omitted. All initial program values are read from EEPROM
for both full and partial resets. A full reset initializes MaxError( ) = 100%, sets RELEARN FLAG (bit 7) in
BatteryMode, and initializes RM from EEPROM 0x2c–2d . This initial RM value should be programmed to zero
for secondary (rechargeable) batteries. A partial reset leaves MaxError( ), RELEARN_FLAG, and RM
unchanged.
communication
The bq2063 includes two types of communication ports: SMBus and HDQ16. The SMBus interface is a 2-wire
bidirectional protocol using the SMBC (clock) and SMBD (data) pins. The HDQ16 interface is a 1-wire
bidirectional protocol using the HDQ16 pin. All three communication lines are isolated from VCC and may be
pulled-up higher than V . Also, the bq2063 does not pull these lines low if V
should be pulled down with a 100-kΩ resistor, or may be grounded, if not used.
to the part is zero . HDQ16
CC
CC
The communication ports allow a host controller, an SMBus compatible device, or other processor to access
the memory registers of the bq2063. In this way a system can efficiently monitor and manage the battery.
SMBus
The SMBus interface is a command-based protocol. A processor acting as the bus master initiates
communication to the bq2063 by generating a START condition. A START condition consists of a high-to-low
transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. The processor then sends the bq2063 device address of
18
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
0001011 (bits 7-1) plus a R/W bit (bit 0) followed by an SMBus command code. The R/W bit (LSB) and the
command code instruct the bq2063 to either store the forthcoming data to a register specified by the SMBus
command code or output the data from the specified register. The processor completes the access with a STOP
condition. A STOP condition consists of a low-to-high transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. With
SMBus, the most-significant bit (MSB) of a data byte is transmitted first.
In some instances, the bq2063 acts as the bus master. This occurs when the bq2063 broadcasts charging
requirements and alarm conditions to device addresses 0x12 (SBS Smart Charger) and 0x10 (SBS Host
Controller.)
SMBus protocol
The bq2063 supports the following SMBus protocols:
D
D
D
Read Word
Write Word
Block Read
A processor acting as the bus master uses the three protocols to communicate with the bq2063. The bq2063
acting as the bus master uses the Write Word protocol.
The SMBD and SMBC pins are open drain and require external pullup resistors. If detection of an SMBus Off
State is required when the SMBC and SMBD lines are open, a 1-MΩ pulldown resistor in the battery pack is
recommended.
SMBus packet error checking
The bq2063 supports Packet Error Checking as a mechanism to confirm proper communication between it and
anotherSMBusdevice. PacketErrorCheckingrequiresthatboththetransmitterandreceivercalculateaPacket
Error Code (PEC) for each communication message. The device that supplies the last byte in the
communication message appends the PEC to the message. The receiver compares the transmitted PEC to its
PEC result to determine if there is a communication error.
PEC protocol
The bq2063 can receive or transmit data with or without PEC. Figure 8 shows the communication protocol for
the Read Word, Write Word, and Read Block messages without PEC. Figure 8 includes PEC.
In the Write Word protocol, the bq2063 receives the PEC after the last byte of data from the host. If the host does
not support PEC, the last byte of data is followed by a STOP condition. After receipt of the PEC, the bq2063
compares the value to its calculation. If the PEC is correct, the bq2063 responds with an ACKNOWLEDGE. If
it is not correct, the bq2063 responds with a NOT ACKNOWLEDGE and sets an error code.
In the Read Word and Block Read, the host generates an ACKNOWLEDGE after the last byte of data sent by
the bq2063. The bq2063 then sends the PEC and the host acting as a master-receiver generates a NOT
ACKNOWLEDGE and a STOP condition.
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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PEC protocol (continued)
1
7
1
0
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Battery Address
0001011
S
A
Command Code
A
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
A
P
Write Word
1
7
1
0
1
8
1
1
7
1
1
1
Battery Address
0001011
S
A
Command Code
A
S
Battery Address
A
8
1
8
1
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
P
A
Read Word
1
7
1
0
1
8
1
1
7
1
1
1
Battery Address
0001011
S
A
Command Code
A
S
Battery Address
A
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Byte Count = N
A
Data Byte 1
A
Data Byte 2
A
Data Byte N
A
P
Block Read
Host Processor
bq2063
A – ACKNOWLEDGE
A – NOT ACKNOWLEDGE
S – START
P – STOP
Figure 8. SMBus Communication Protocol Without PEC
20
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PEC protocol (continued)
1
7
1
0
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Battery Address
0001011
S
A
Command Code
A
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
A
PEC
A
P
Write Word
1
7
1
0
1
8
1
1
7
1
1
1
Battery Address
0001011
S
A
Command Code
A
S
Battery Address
A
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
PEC
P
A
A
Read Word
1
7
1
0
1
8
1
1
7
1
1
1
Battery Address
0001011
S
A
Command Code
A
S
Battery Address
A
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Byte Count = N
A
Data Byte 1
A
Data Byte 2
A
Data Byte N
A
PEC
A
P
Block Read
Host Processor
bq2063
A – ACKNOWLEDGE
A – NOT ACKNOWLEDGE
S – START
P – STOP
Figure 9. SMBus Communication Protocol With PEC
PEC calculation
The basis of the PEC calculation is an 8-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC-8) based on the polynomial
C(X) = X8 + X2 + X1 + 1. The PEC calculation includes all bytes in the transmission, including address,
command, and data. The PEC calculation does notincludeACKNOWLEDGE, NOTACKNOWLEDGE, START,
STOP, and Repeated START bits.
For example, the host requests RemainingCapacity( ) from the bq2063. This includes the host following the
Read Word protocol. The bq2063 calculates the PEC based on the following 5 bytes of data, assuming the
remaining capacity of the battery is 1001 mAh.
D
D
D
Battery Address with R/W = 0: 0x16
Command Code for RemainingCapacity( ): 0x0f
Battery Address with R/W = 1: 0x17
21
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
D
RemainingCapacity( ): 0x03e9
For 0x160f17e903, the bq2063 transmits a PEC of 0xe8 to the host.
PEC enable in master mode
PEC for master mode broadcasts to the charger, host, or both can be enabled/disabled with the combination
of the bits HPE and CPE in Control Mode.
SMBus on and off state
The bq2063 detects whether the SMBus enters the Off State by monitoring the SMBC and SMBD lines. When
both signals are continually low for at least 2.5 s, the bq2063 detects the Off State. When the SMBC and SMBD
lines go high, the bq2063 detects the On State and can begin communication within 1 ms. One-MΩ pulldown
resistors on SMBC and SMBD are recommended for reliable Off State detection.
HDQ16
The HDQ16 interface is a command-based protocol. (See Figure 10.) A processor sends the command code
to the bq2063. The 8-bit command code consists of two fields: the 7-bit HDQ16 command code (bits 0-6) and
the 1-bit R/W field (MSB bit 7). The R/W field directs the bq2063 either to
D
D
Store the next 16 bits of data to a specified register or
Output 16 bits of data from the specified register
Send Host to bq2063
Send Host to bq2063 or
Receive From bq2063
16 Bit data
HDQ Command Code
R/W
MSB
Bit7
LSB
Break
Bit0
t
RSPS
Start-Bit
Address-Bit/Data-Bit
Stop-Bit
Figure 10. HDQ16 Communication Example
With HDQ16, the least significant bit (LSB) of a data byte (command) or word (data) is transmitted first.
A bit transmission consists of three distinct sections. The first section starts the transmission by either the host
or the bq2063 taking the HDQ16 pin to a logic-low state for a period t
;B. The next section is the actual
STRH
data-transmission, where the data bit is valid by the time t
after the negative edge used to start
DSU;B
communication. The data bit is held for a period t
data bit.
to allow the host processor or bq2063 to sample the
(DH;DV)
The final section is used to stop the transmission by returning the HDQ16 pin to a logic-high state by at least
the time t after the negative edge used to start communication. The final logic-high state should continue
SSUB
for a period t
to allow time to ensure that the bit transmission was stopped properly.
CYCH;B
22
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
If a communication error occurs (e.g., t
serial interface. The bq2063 detects a BREAK when the HDQ16 pin is in a logic-low state for a time t or greater.
The HDQ16 pin is then returned to its normal ready high-logic state for a time t . The bq2063 is then ready
to receive a command from the host processor.
> 250 µs), the host sends the bq2063 a BREAK to reinitiate the
CYCB
B
BR
The HDQ16 pin is open drain and requires an external pullup resistor.
Figure 2 shows the HDQ16 break timing for the bq2063.
command codes
The SMBus command codes are in ( ), the HDQ16 in [ ]. Temperature( ), Voltage( ), Current( ), and
AverageCurrent( ), performance specifications are at regulated V
(V
) and a temperature of 0-70_C.
CC (RO)
ManufacturerAccess( ) (0x00); [0x00-0x01]
Description: This function provides writable command codes to control the bq2063 during normal operation
and pack manufacture. These commands may be ignored if sent within one second of a device reset. The
following commands are available:
0x0618 Enable Low-Power Storage Mode activates the low-power storage mode. The bq2063 enters the
storage mode after a 5-8 second delay. The bq2063 accepts other commands to ManufacturerAccess( ) during
thedelaybeforeenteringlow-powerstoragemode. TheLEDsmustbeoffbeforeenteringthelow-powerstorage
mode as the display state remains unchanged.
The bq2063 clears the ManufacturerAccess( ) command within 900ms of acknowledging the Enable
Low-Power Storage command. During the delay following the low-power storage command, a VFC Calibration
command may be issued. The VFC Calibration command must be sent 900-5000ms after SMBus
acknowledgment of the Enable Low-Power Storage command. The bq2063 delays entering storage mode until
the calibration process completes and the bq2063 stores the new calibration values in EEPROM.
0x062b SEAL instructs the bq2063 to restrict access to those functions listed in Table 3. Note: The SEAL
command does not change the state of the SEAL bit in Pack Configuration in EEPROM. The bq2063 completes
the seal function and clears ManufacturerAccess( ) within 900 ms of acknowledging the command.
0x064d Charge Synchronization instructs the bq2063 to update RM to a percentage of FCC as defined in Fast
Charge Termination %. The bq2063 updates RM and clears ManufacturerAccess( ) within 900ms of
acknowledging the command.
0x0653 Enable VFC Calibration instructs the unsealed bq2063 to begin VFC calibration. With this command
the bq2063 deselects the SR and SR inputs and calibrates for IC offset only. It is best to avoid charge or
1
2
discharge currents through the sense resistor during this calibration process.
0x067e Alternate VFC Calibrationinstructstheunsealedbq2063tobeginVFCcalibration. Withthiscommand
the bq2063 does not deselect the SR and SR inputs and does calibrate for IC and PCB offset. During this
1
2
procedure no charge or discharge currents must flow through the sense resistor.
During VFC calibration, the bq2063 disables the LED display and accepts only the Enable Low-Power Storage
mode, the Stop VFC Calibration, and the SEAL commands to ManufacturerAccess( ). The bq2063 disregards
all other commands. SMBus communication should be kept to a minimum during VFC calibration to reduce the
noise level and allow a more accurate calibration.
Once started, the VFC calibration procedures completes automatically. When complete, the bq2063 saves the
calibration values in EEPROM. The calibration normally takes about 8 to 10 minutes. The calibration time is
inversely proportional to the bq2063 VFC (and PCB) offset error. The bq2063 caps the calibration time at one
hour in the event of calibrating zero offset error. The VFC calibration can be done as the last step in a battery
pack test procedure since the calibration can complete automatically after removal from a test setup.
The bq2063 clears ManufacturerAccess( ) within 900 ms and starts calibration within 3.2 seconds of
acknowledging the command.
23
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
0x0660StopVFCCalibrationinstructsthebq2063toabortaVFCcalibrationprocedure. Ifaborted, thebq2063
disables offset correction. The bq2063 stops calibration within 20 ms of acknowledging the command.
0x0606 Program EEPROM instructs the unsealed bq2063 to connect the SMBus to the EEPROM I2C bus. The
bq2063appliespowertotheEEPROMwithin900msofacknowledgingthecommand. Afterissuingtheprogram
EEPROM command, the bq2063 monitoring functions are disabled until the I2C bus is disconnected. The
bq2063 disconnects the I2C bus when it detects that the Battery Address 0x16 is sent over the SMBus. The
Battery Address 0x16 to disconnect the I2C bus should not be sent until 10 ms after the last write to the
EEPROM.
0x07e6 Device Revision instructs the bq2063 to return the device revision level to ManufactureAccess( ) so
it may be read.
Purpose: The ManufacturerAccess( ) function provides the system host access to bq2063 functions that are
not defined by the SBD.
SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word
Input/Output: Word
Example:
The following sequence of actions is an example of how to use the ManufacturerAccess( ) commands efficiently
to take a battery pack that has completed all testing and calibration except for VFC calibration and to make it
ready for shipment in the SEALED state and in low-power storage mode:
1. Complete testing, programming, and calibration with desired final values stored in EEPROM with the SEAL
bit not set. Sending a reset command to the bq2063 during test ensures that RAM values correspond to
the final EEPROM values.
2. If the initial value of RemainingCapacity( ) must be nonzero, the desired value may be written to command
0x26.
3. Issue the Program EEPROM command and set the SEAL bit in EEPROM.
4. Issue the Enable VFC (or Alternate VFC) Calibration command. The bq2063 resets the OCE bit in Pack
Status when calibration begins and sets the bit when calibration successfully completes and the calibration
values have been written to EEPROM.
5. Issue the Enable Low-Power Storage Mode command. This must be done before VFC offset calibration
completes.
6. Issue the SEAL command. This must be done before VFC offset calibration completes.
After VFC calibration completes automatically, the bq2063 saves the VFC offset cancellation values in
EEPROM and then enters the low-power storage mode after about 20 seconds. In addition, the bq2063 is
sealed, allowing access only as defined in Table 2.
24
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) (0x01); [0x01]
Description: Sets or gets the low-capacity threshold value. Whenever the RemainingCapacity( ) falls below
the low capacity value, the bq2063 sends AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host with the
REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit set. A low-capacity value of 0 disables this alarm. The bq2063 initially
sets the low-capacity value to Remaining Capacity Alarm value programmed in EE 0x04–0x05. The
low-capacity value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function. The
low-capacity value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10 mWh) depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function can be used by systems that know how much power they
require to save their operating state. It enables those systems to more finely control the point at which they
transition into suspend or hibernate state. The low-capacity value can be read to verify the value in use by the
bq2063’s low capacity alarm.
SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word
Input/Output: Unsigned integer-value below which Low Capacity messages are sent.
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
Range
mAh at C/5
10 mWh at P/5
0–65,535 mAh
0–65,535 10 mWh
Granularity
Accuracy
Not applicable
See RemainingCapacity( )
Description: Sets or gets the remaining time alarm value. Whenever the AverageTimeToEmpty( ) falls below
the remaining time value, the bq2063 sends AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host with the
REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit set. A remaining time value of 0 effectively disables this alarm. The bq2063
initially sets the remaining time value to the Remaining Time Alarm value programmed in EE 0x02–0x03. The
remaining time value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function.
Purpose: TheRemainingTimeAlarm( )functioncanbeusedbysystemsthatwanttoadjustwhentheremaining
time alarm warning is sent. The remaining time value can be read to verify the value in use by the bq2063
RemainingTimeAlarm( ).
SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word
Input/Output: Unsigned integer—the point below which remaining time messages are sent.
Units: minutes
Range: 0 to 65,535 minutes
Granularity: Not applicable
Accuracy: see AverageTimeToEmpty( )
BatteryMode( ) (0x03); [0x03]
Description: Selects the various battery operational modes and reports the battery’s mode and requests.
Defined modes include
D
D
Whether the battery’s capacity information is specified in mAh or 10 mWh (CAPACITY_MODE bit)
Whether the ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) values are broadcast to the Smart Battery Charger
when the bq2063 detects the battery requires charging (CHARGER_MODE bit)
D
Whether all broadcasts to the Smart Battery Charger and Host are disabled
25
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
The defined request condition is the battery requesting a conditioning cycle (RELEARN_FLAG).
Purpose: The CAPACITY_MODE bit allows power management systems to best match their electrical
characteristics with those reported by the battery. For example, a switching power supply represents a constant
power load, whereas a linear supply is better represented by a constant current model. The CHARGER_MODE
bit allows a SMBus Host or Smart Battery Charger to override the Smart Battery’s desired charging parameters
by disabling the bq2063’s broadcasts. The RELEARN_FLAG bit allows the bq2063 to request a conditioning
cycle.
SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word
Input/Output: Unsigned integer—bit mapped— see below.
Units: not applicable
Range: 0-1
Granularity: not applicable
Accuracy: not applicable
The BatteryMode( ) word is divided into two halves, the MSB (bits 8-15) which is read/write and the LSB (bits
0-7) which is read only. The bq2063 forces bits 0-6 to zero and prohibits writes to bit 7.
Table 9 summarizes the meanings of the individual bits in the BatteryMode( ) word and specifies the default
values, where applicable, are noted.
INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER bit is not used by the bq2063.
PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT bit is not used by the bq2063.
RELEARN_FLAG bit set indicates that the bq2063 is requesting a capacity relearn cycle for the battery. The
bq2063 sets the RELEARN_FLAG on a full reset and if it detects 20 cycle counts without an FCC update. The
bq2063 clears this flag after a learning cycle has been completed.
CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED bit is not used by the bq2063. The bq2063 forces this bit to zero.
PRIMARY_BATTERY bit is not used by the bq2063. The bq2063 forces this bit to zero.
Table 9. Battery Mode Bits and Values
Battery Mode( ) BITS
INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER
PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT
Reserved
BITS USED
FORMAT
ALLOWABLE VALUES
0
1
Read only bit flag
Read only bit flag
2–6
0—Battery OK
1—Relearn cycle requested
RELEARN_FLAG
7
Read only bit flag
CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED
PRIMARY_BATTERY
Reserved
8
9
R/W bit flag
R/W bit flag
10–12
0—Enable alarm broadcast (default)
1—Disable alarm broadcast
ALARM_MODE
13
14
15
R/W bit flag
R/W bit flag
R/W bit flag
0—Enable charging broadcast (default)
1—Disable charging broadcast
CHARGER_MODE
CAPACITY_MODE
0—Report in mA or mAh (default)
1—Report in 10mW or 10 mWh
26
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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
ALARM_MODE bit is set to disable the bq2063’s ability to master the SMBus and send AlarmWarning( )
messages to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger. When set, the bq2063 does not master the
SMBus, and AlarmWarning( ) messages are not sent to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger for a
period of no more than 65 seconds and no less than 45 seconds. When cleared (default), the Smart Battery
sends the AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger any time an alarm
condition is detected.
D
The bq2063 polls the ALARM_MODE bit at least every 150 ms. Whenever the ALARM_MODE bit is set,
the bq2063 resets the bit and starts or restarts a 55 seconds (nominal) timer. After the timer expires, the
bq2063 automatically enables alarm broadcasts to ensure that the accidental deactivation of broadcasts
does not persist. An SMBus host that does not want the bq2063 to be a master on the SMBus must therefore
continually set this bit at least once per 50 seconds to keep the bq2063 from broadcasting alarms.
D
D
The ALARM_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state within 130 ms after the bq2063 detects the SMBus
Off-State.
The condition of the ALARM-MODE bit does not affect the operation or state of the CHARGER_MODE bit
which is used to prevent broadcasts of ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) to the Smart Battery
Charger.
CHARGER_MODE bit enables or disables the bq2063’s transmission of ChargingCurrent( ) and
ChargingVoltage( ) messages to the Smart Battery Charger. When set, the bq2063 does not transmit
ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) values to the Smart Battery Charger. When cleared, the bq2063
transmits the ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) values to the Smart Battery Charger. The
CHARGER_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state within 130 ms after the bq2063 detects the SMBus Off-State.
CAPACITY_MODE bit indicates if capacity information is reported in mA/mAh or 10mW/10 mWh. When set,
the bq2063 reports capacity information in 10 mW/10 mWh as appropriate. When cleared, the bq2063 reports
capacity information in mA/mAh as appropriate. The CAPACITY_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state within
130 ms after the bq2063 detects the SMBus Off-State.
The following functions are changed to accept or return values in mA/mAh or 10 mW/10 mWh depending on
the CAPACITY_MODE bit:
D
D
D
D
D
RemainingCapacityAlarm( )
AtRate( )
RemainingCapacity( )
FullChargeCapacity( )
DesignCapacity( )
The following functions are calculated on the basis of capacity and may be calculated differently depending on
the CAPACITY_MODE bit:
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
AtRateOK( )
AtRateTimeToEmpty( )
AtRateTimeToFull( )
RunTimeToEmpty( )
AverageTimeToEmpty( )
AverageTimeToFull( )
Remaining Time Alarm( )
BatteryStatus( )
27
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
The bq2063 updates the non-AtRate related register values within 3 seconds of changing the state of the
CAPACITY_MODE bit. The AtRate( ) values are updated after the next AtRate value is written to the bq2063
(or after the next 20 seconds scheduled refresh calculation).
AtRate( ) (0x04); [0x04]
Description: The AtRate( ) function is the first half of a two-function call-set used to set the AtRate value used
in calculations made by the AtRateTimeToFull( ), AtRateTimeToEmpty( ), and AtRateOK( ) functions. The
AtRate value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10 mW) depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: Since the AtRate( ) function is the first half of a two-function call-set, it is followed by the second
function of the call-set that calculates and returns a value based on the AtRate value and the battery’s present
state. A delay of up to 1.3 seconds is required after writing AtRate( ) before the bq2063 can acknowledge the
requested AtRate function.
D
D
D
When the AtRate( ) value is positive, the AtRateTimeToFull( ) function returns the predicted time to
full-charge at the AtRate value of charge.
When the AtRate( ) value is negative, the AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) function returns the predicted operating
time at the AtRate value of discharge.
When the AtRate( ) value is negative, the AtRateOK( ) function returns a Boolean value that predicts the
battery’s ability to supply the AtRate value of additional discharge energy (current or power) for 10 seconds.
The default value for AtRate( ) is zero. Writing AtRate( ) values over the HDQ16 serial port does not trigger a
re-calculation of AtRateTimeToFull( ), AtRateTimeToEmpty( ), and AtRateOK( ) functions.
It is recommended that AtRate( ) requests should be limited to one request every 4 seconds.
SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word
Input/Output: Signed integer-charge or discharge; the AtRate( ) value is positive for charge, negative for
discharge, and zero for neither (default).
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
mA
1 to 132,767 mA
–1 to –32,768 mA
1 Unit
10 mW
Charge Range
Discharge Range
Granularity
1 to 32,767 10 mW
–1 to –32,768 10 mW
Accuracy
NA
AtRateTimeToFull( ) (0x05); [0x05]
Description: Returns the predicted remaining time to fully charge the battery at the AtRate( ) value (mA).
Purpose: The AtRateTimeToFull( ) function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine the predicted
remaining charge time at the AtRate value in mA. The bq2063 updates AtRateTimeToFull( ) within 1.3 seconds
after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged and
the error code in BatteryStatus is set to not ready. The bq2063 automatically updates AtRateTimeToFull( )
based on the AtRate( ) value every 20 seconds.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-predicted time in minutes to fully charge the battery.
Units: minutes
28
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
AtRateTimeToFull( ) (0x05); [0x05] (continued)
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: ± MaxError( ) FullChargeCapacity( )/|AtRate( )|
*
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged.
AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) (0x06); [0x06]
Description: Returns the predicted remaining operating time if the battery is discharged at the AtRate( ) value.
Purpose: The AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine theremaining
operating time at the AtRate( ) value. The bq2063 updates AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) within 1.3 seconds after the
SMBus Host sets the AtRate( ) value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged, and the error
code in BatteryStatus is set to not ready. The bq2063 automatically updates AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) based on
the AtRate( ) value every 20 seconds.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer – estimated operating time left.
Units: minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: -0,+MaxError( ) × FullChargeCapacity/|AtRate( )|
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being discharged.
AtRateOK( ) (0x07); [0x07]
Description: Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether or not the battery can deliver the AtRate( )value
of additional energy for 10 seconds (Boolean). If the AtRate value is zero or positive, the AtRateOK( ) function
ALWAYS returns true.
Purpose: The AtRateOK( ) function is part of a two-function call-set used by power management systems to
determine if the battery can safely supply enough energy for an additional load. The bq2063 updates
AtRateOK( ) within 1.3 seconds after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate( ) value. If read before this delay, the
command is No Acknowledged, and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to not ready. The bq2063
automatically updates AtRateOK( ) based on the At Rate( ) value every 20 seconds.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Boolean—indicates if the battery can supply the additional energy requested.
Units: Boolean
Range: TRUE, FALSE
Granularity: not applicable
Accuracy: not applicable
29
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
Temperature( ) (0x08); [0x08]
Description: Returns the temperature (K) measured by the bq2063.
Purpose: The Temperature( ) function provides accurate cell temperatures for use by battery chargers and
thermal management systems. A battery charger can use the temperature as a safety check. Thermal
management systems may use the temperature because the battery is one of the largest thermal sources in
a system.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer—cell temperature in tenth-degree Kelvin increments.
Units: 0.1°K
Range: 0 to +6553.5°K {real range}
Granularity: 0.1°K
Accuracy: ±1.5°K (from ideal Semitec 103AT thermistor performance, after calibration)
±3.0°K (Internal temperature sensor after calibration)
Voltage( ) (0x09); [0x09]
Description: Returns the cell-pack voltage (mV).
Purpose: The Voltage( ) function provides power management systems with an accurate battery terminal
voltage. Power management systems can use this voltage, along with battery current information, to
characterize devices they control. This ability helps enable intelligent, adaptive power-management systems.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-battery terminal voltage in mV.
Units: mV
Range: 0 to 20,000 mV
Granularity: 1 mV
Accuracy: ±0.65% (after calibration)
Current( ) (0x0a); [0x0a]
Description: Returns the current being supplied (or accepted) by the battery (mA).
Purpose: The Current( ) function provides a snapshot for the power management system of the current flowing
into or out of the battery. This information is of particular use in power-management systems because they can
characterize individual devices and tune their operation to actual system power behavior.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Signed integer-charge/discharge rate in mA increments-positive for charge, negative for discharge.
Units: mA
Range: (± 250mV/R ) mA
S
Granularity: 0.038mV/R (integer value)
S
Accuracy: ±0.4 mV/R (after calibration)
S
30
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
AverageCurrent( ) (0x0b); [0x0b]
Description: Returns a value that approximates a one-minute rolling average of the current being supplied (or
accepted) through the battery terminals (mA). The AverageCurrent( ) function returns meaningful values during
the battery’s first minute of operation.
Purpose: The AverageCurrent( ) function provides the average current flowing into or out of the battery for the
power management system.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Signed integer-charge/discharge rate in mA increments-positive for charge, negative for discharge.
Units: mA
Range: (± 250 mV/R ) mA
S
Granularity: 0.038 mV/R (integer value)
S
Accuracy: ±0.4 mV/R (after calibration)
S
MaxError( ) (0x0c); [0x0c]
Description: Returns the expected margin of error (%) in the state of charge calculation. For example, when
MaxError( ) returns 10% and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) returns 50%, the Relative StateOfCharge( ) is more
likelybetween 50% and 60%. The bq2063 sets MaxError( ) to 100% on a full reset. The bq2063 sets MaxError( )
to 2% on completion of a learning cycle, unless the bq2063 limits the learning cycle to the +512/-256 mAh
maximum adjustment values. If the learning cycle is limited, the bq2063 sets MaxError( ) to 8% unless
MaxError( ) was already below 8%. In this case MaxError( ) does not change. The bq2063 increments
MaxError( ) by 1% after four increments of CycleCount( ) without a learning cycle.
If voltage-based corrections are applied to the coulomb counter, MaxError( ) is set to 25%.
Purpose: The MaxError( ) function has real value in two ways: first, to give the user a confidence level about
the state of charge and second, to give the power management system information about how aggressive it
should be, particularly as the battery nears the end of its life.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer—percent uncertainty for selected information.
Units: %
Range: 2–100%
Granularity: 1%
Accuracy: not applicable
31
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
RelativeStateOfCharge( ) (0x0d); [0x0d]
Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of
FullChargeCapacity( ) (%).
Purpose: The RelativeStateOfCharge( ) function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the
battery relative to the last learned capacity.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-percent of remaining capacity.
Units: %
Range: 0–100%
Granularity: 1%
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError( )
AbsoluteStateOfCharge( )(0x0e); [0x0e]
Description:
Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of
DesignCapacity( ) (%). Note that AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) can return values greater than 100%.
Purpose: The AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the
battery relative to the nominal or DesignCapacity( ).
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-percent of remaining capacity.
Units: %
Range: 0–100+%
Granularity: 1%
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError( )
RemainingCapacity( ) (0x0f); [0x0f]
Description: Returns the predicted charge or energy remaining in the battery. The RemainingCapacity( ) value
is expressed in either charge (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or energy (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate),
depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The RemainingCapacity( ) function returns the battery’s remaining capacity. This information is a
numeric indication of remaining charge or energy given by the Absolute or Relative StateOfCharge( ) functions
and may be in a better form for use by power management systems.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer—remaining charge in mAh or 10 mWh.
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
Range
mAh
0–65,535mAh
mAh
10 mWh
0–65,535 10 mWh
10 mWh
Granularity
Accuracy
–0, +MaxError( ) FullCharageCapacity( )
*
32
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
FullChargeCapacity( ) (0x10); [0x10]
Description: Returns the predicted pack capacity when it is fully charged. The FullChargeCapacity( ) value
is expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate)
depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The FullChargeCapacity( ) function provides a means of understanding the tank size of the battery.
This information, along with information about the original capacity of the battery, indicates battery wear.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer—estimated full-charge capacity in mAh or 10 mWh.
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
Range
mAh
0–65,535 mAh
mAh
10 mWh
0–65,535 10 mWh
10 mWh
Granularity
Accuracy
–0, +MaxError( ) FullCharageCapacity( )
*
RunTimeToEmpty( ) (0x11); [0x11]
Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery life at the present rate of discharge (minutes). The
RunTimeToEmpty( ) value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: TheRunTimeToEmpty( )providesthepowermanagementsystemwithinformationabouttherelative
gain or loss in remaining battery life in response to a change in power policy. This information is not the same
as the AverageTimeToEmpty( ), which is not suitable to determine the effects that result from a change in power
policy.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-minutes of operation left.
Units: minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: –0, +MaxError( ) FullChargeCapacity( ) / Current( )
*
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged.
AverageTimeToEmpty( ) (0x12); [0x12]
Description: Returns a one-minute rolling average of the predicted remaining battery life (minutes). The
AverageTimeToEmpty( ) value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The AverageTimeToEmpty( ) displays state-of-charge information in a more useful way. It averages
the instantaneous estimations so the remaining time does not appear to jump around.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer—minutes of operation left.
Units: minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: –0, +MaxError( ) FullChargeCapacity( ) / AverageCurrent( )
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged.
33
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
AverageTimeToFull( ) (0x13); [0x13]
Description: Returns a one-minute rolling average of the predicted remaining time until the battery reaches
full charge (minutes).
Purpose: The AverageTimeToFull( ) function can be used by the SMBus Host’s power management system
to aid in its policy. It may also be used to find out how long the system must be left on to achieve full charge.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer -remaining time in minutes.
Units: minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 minutes
Granularity: 2 minutes or better
Accuracy: –0, +MaxError( ) FullChargeCapacity( ) / AverageCurrent( )
*
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged.
ChargingCurrent( ) (0x14); [0x14]
Description: Returns the desired charging rate in mA.
Purpose: The ChargingCurrent( ) function sets the maximum charge current of the battery. The
ChargingCurrent( ) value should be used in combination with the ChargingVoltage( ) value to set the charger’s
operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2063 to dynamically control the charging profile
(current/voltage) of the battery. The bq2063 can effectively turn off a charger by returning a value of 0 for this
function. The charger may be operated as a constant-voltage source above its maximum regulated current
range by returning a ChargingCurrent( ) value of 65,535.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-maximum charger output current in mA.
Units: mA
Range: 0 to 65,535 mA
Granularity: 1 mA
Accuracy: not applicable
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates that a charger should operate as a voltage source outside its
maximum regulated current range.
ChargingVoltage( ) (0x15); [0x15]
Description: Returns the desired charging voltage in mV.
Purpose: The ChargingVoltage( ) function sets the maximum charge voltage of the battery. The
ChargingVoltage( ) value should be used in combination with the ChargingCurrent( ) value to set the charger’s
operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2063 to dynamically control the charging profile
(current/voltage) of the battery. The charger may be operated as a constant-current source above its maximum
regulated voltage range by returning a ChargingVoltage( ) value of 65,535.
SMBus Protocol: Write Word
Output: Unsigned integer-charger output voltage in mV.
Units: mV
Range: 0 to 65,535 mV
Granularity: 1mV
Accuracy: not applicable
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the charger should operate as a current source outside its maximum
regulated voltage range.
34
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
BatteryStatus( )(0x16); [0x16]
Description: Returns the bq2063’s status word (flags). Some of the BatteryStatus( ) flags
(REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM and REMAINING_TIME_ALARM) are calculated based on either current
or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit. This is important because use
of the wrong calculation mode may result in an inaccurate alarm.
Purpose: The BatteryStatus( ) function is used by the power-management system to get alarm and status bits,
as well as error codes from the bq2063. This is basically the same information broadcast to both the SMBus
Host and the Smart Battery Charger by the AlarmWarning( ) function except that the AlarmWarning( ) function
sets the Error Code bits all high before sending the data.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned Integer-Status Register With Alarm Conditions Bit Mapped as follows:
ALARM BITS
0x8000
0x4000
OVER_CHARGED_ALARM
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM
Reserved
0x2000
0x1000
OVER_TEMP_ALARM
0x0800
TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM
Reserved
0x0400
0x0200
REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM
REMAINING_TIME_ALARM
0x0100
STATUS BITS
0x0080
INITIALIZED
0x0040
DISCHARGING
0x0020
FULLY_CHARGED
FULLY_DISCHARGED
0x0010
ERROR CODES
0x0007
Unknown Error
BadSize
0x0006
0x0005
Overflow/Underflow
AccessDenied
UnsupportedCommand
ReservedCommand
Busy
0x0004
0x0003
0x0002
0x0001
0x0000
OK
alarm bits
OVER_CHARGED_ALARM bit is set whenever the bq2063 detects that the battery is being charged beyond
the Maximum Overcharge limit. This bit is cleared when the bq2063 detects that the battery is no longer being
charged (i.e., the bq2063 detects discharge activity or no activity for the digital filter timeout periods). The digital
filter timeout period (seconds) equates to 10× the value shared in Digital Filter EE0x52.
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that one or more of the battery’s charging
parameters are out of range (e.g., its voltage, current, or temperature is too high) or when the bq2063 detects
a primary charge termination. This bit is cleared when the parameter falls back into the allowable range, the
termination condition ceases, or when the bq2063 detects that the battery is no longer being charged.
35
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
alarm bits (continued)
OVER_TEMP_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that the internal battery temperature is greater than
or equal to the MaxT limit. This bit is cleared when the internal temperature falls back into the acceptable range.
TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM bit is set when RM = 0, Voltage( ) ≤ EDV0, or the CVUV bit in Pack Status
is set indicating that a Li-Ion cell voltage has dropped below the limit programmed in Cell Under /Over Voltage.
The bit is cleared when Voltage( ) > EDV0, RM( ) > 0, and the CVUV bit is cleared.
REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that RemainingCapacity( ) is less than
that set by the RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function. This bit is cleared when either the value set by the
RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function is lower than theRemainingCapacity( ) or when the RemainingCapacity( )
is increased by charging.
REMAINING_TIME_ALARMbitissetwhenthebq2063detectsthattheestimatedremainingtimeatthepresent
discharge rate is less than that set by the RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function. This bit is cleared when either the
value set by the RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function is lower than the AverageTimeToEmpty( ) or when the
AverageTimeToEmpty( ) is increased by charging.
status bits
INITIALIZED bit is set when the bq2063 is has detected a valid load of EEPROM. It is cleared when the bq2063
detects an improper EEPROM load.
DISCHARGING bit is set when the bq2063 determines that the battery is not being charged. This is determined
by the detection of discharge activity or by the absence of charge activity for 22500/DigitalFilter (µV) seconds.
This bit is cleared when the bq2063 detects that the battery is being charged.
FULLY_CHARGED bit is set when the bq2063 detects a primary charge termination or an overcharged
condition. It is cleared when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is less than or equal to the programmed Fully Charged
Clear % in EE 0x4c.
FULLY_DISCHARGED bit is set when Voltage( ) or VCELL is less than the EDV2 threshold and Current( ) <
OverloadCurrent or when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) < Battery Low %. This bit is cleared when
RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is greater than or equal to 20%.
error codes
ERROR CODES
DESCRIPTION
OK
The bq2063 processed the function code without detecting any errors.
The bq2063 is unable to process the function code at this time.
Busy
Reserved
The bq2063 detected an attempt to read or write to a function code reserved by this version of the specification.
The 2063 detected an attempt to access an unsupported optional manufacturer function code.
Unsupported
AccessDenied
Over/Underflow
BadSize
The bq2063 does not support this function code which is defined in this version of the specification.
The bq2063 detected an attempt to write to a read-only function code.
The bq2063 detected a data overflow or underflow.
The bq2063 detected an attempt to write to a function code with an incorrect data block.
The bq2063 detected an unidentifiable error.
UnknownError
36
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
CycleCount( )(0x17); [0x17]
Description: Returns the number of cycles the battery has experienced. The mAh value of each count is
determined by programming the Cycle Count Threshold value in EE 0x3c-0x3d. The bq2063 saves the cycle
count value to Cycle Count EE 0x0e-0x0f after an update to CycleCount( ).
Purpose: The CycleCount( ) function provides a means to determine the battery’s wear. It may be used to give
advance warning that the battery is nearing its end of life.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-count of total charge removed from the battery over its life.
Units: cycle
Range: 0 to 65,534 cycles; 65,535 indicates battery has experienced 65,535 or more cycles.
Granularity: 1 cycle
Accuracy: absolute count
DesignCapacity( ) (0x18); [0x18]
Description: Returns the theoretical or nominal capacity of a new pack. The DesignCapacity( ) value is
expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power, (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending
on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The DesignCapacity( ) function is used by the SMBus Host’s power management in conjunction with
FullChargeCapacity( ) to determine battery wear. The power management system may present this information
to the user and also adjust its power policy as a result.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-battery capacity in mAh or 10 mWh.
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
Range
mAh
10 mWh
0–65,535 mAh
Not applicable
Not applicable
0–65,535 10 mWh
Granularity
Accuracy
DesignVoltage( ) (0x19); [0x19]
Description: Returns the theoretical voltage of a new pack (mV). The bq2063 sets DesignVoltage( ) to the
value programmed in Design Voltage EE0x12-0x13.
Purpose: The DesignVoltage( ) function can be used to give additional information about a particular Smart
Battery’s expected terminal voltage.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-the battery’s designed terminal voltage in mV
Units: mV
Range: 0 to 65,535 mV
Granularity: not applicable
Accuracy: not applicable
37
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
SpecificationInfo( ) (0x1a); [0x1a]
Description: Returns the version number of the Smart Battery specification the battery pack supports, as well
as voltage and current scaling information in a packed unsigned integer. Power scaling is the product of the
voltage scaling times the current scaling. The SpecificationInfo is packed in the following fashion: (SpecID_H
* 0x10 + SpecID_L) + (VScale + IPScale * 0x10) * 0x100.
The bq2063 VScale (voltage scaling) and IPScale (current scaling) should always be set to zero. The bq2063
sets SpecificationInfo( ) to the value programmed in Specification Information EE 0x14-0x15.
Purpose: The SpecificationInfo( ) function is used by the SMBus Host’s power management system to
determine what information the Smart Battery can provide.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-packed specification number and scaling information:
FIELD
BITS USED
FORMAT
4-bit binary value
4-bit binary value
4-bit binary value
4-bit binary value
ALLOWABLE VALUES
SpecID_L 0...3
SpecID_H 4...7
0–15
0–15
VScale
IPScale
8...11
0 (multiplies voltage by 10^ VScale)
0 (multiplies current by 10 ^ IPScale)
12...15
ManufactureDate( ) (0x1b); [0x1b]
Description: This function returns the date the cell pack was manufactured in a packed integer. The date is
packed in the following fashion: (year-1980) 512 + month 32 + day. The bq2063 sets ManufactureDate( )
to the value programmed in Manufacture Date EE 0x16-0x17.
Purpose: The ManufactureDate( ) provides the system with information that can be used to uniquely identify
a particular battery pack when used in conjunction with SerialNumber( ).
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer-packed date of manufacture:
FIELD
Day
BITS USED
0...4
FORMAT
5-bit binary value
4-bit binary value
7-bit binary value
ALLOWABLE VALUES
0–31 (corresponds to date)
Month
Year
5...8
1–12 (corresponds to month number)
9...15
0–127 (corresponds to year biased by 1980)
SerialNumber( ) (0x1c); [0x1c]
Description: This function is used to return a serial number. This number, when combined with the
ManufacturerName( ), the DeviceName( ), and the ManufactureDate( ), uniquely identifies the battery
(unsigned integer). The bq2063 sets SerialNumber( ) to the value programmed in Serial Number EE
0x18–0x19.
Purpose: The SerialNumber( ) function can be used to identify a particular battery. This may be important in
systems that are powered by multiple batteries where the system can log information about each battery that
it encounters.
SMBus Protocol: Read Word
Output: Unsigned integer
38
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WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
ManufacturerName( ) (0x20); [0x20-0x25]
Description: This function returns a character array containing the battery’s manufacturer’s name. For
example, MyBattCo identifies the Smart Battery’s manufacturer as MyBattCo. The bq2063 sets
ManufacturerName( ) to the value programmed in Manufacturer Name EE 0x20-0x2b.
Purpose: The ManufacturerName( ) function returns the name of the Smart Battery’s manufacturer. The
manufacturer’s name can be displayed by the SMBus Host’s power management system display as both an
identifier and as an advertisement for the manufacturer. The name is also useful as part of the information
required to uniquely identify a battery.
SMBus Protocol: Read Block
Output: String-character string with maximum length of 11 characters (11 + length byte).
DeviceName( ) (0x21); [0x28-0x2b]
Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery’s name. For example, a
DeviceName( ) of bq2063A indicates that the battery is a model bq2063A. The bq2063 sets DeviceName( ) to
the value programmed in Device Name EE 0x30-0x37.
Purpose: The DeviceName( ) function returns the battery’s name for identification purposes.
SMBus Protocol: Read Block
Output: String-character string with maximum length of 7 characters (7 + length byte).
DeviceChemistry( ) (0x22); [0x30-0x32]
Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery’s chemistry. For example, if the
DeviceChemistry( ) function returns NiMH, the battery pack contains nickel metal hydride cells. The bq2063
sets DeviceChemistry( ) to the value programmed in Device Chemistry EE 0x40-0x44.
Purpose: The DeviceChemistry( ) function gives cell chemistry information for use by charging systems. The
bq2063 does not use DeviceChemisty( ) values for internal charge control or fuel gauging.
SMBus Protocol: Read Block
Output: String-character string with maximum length of 4 characters (4 + length byte).
The following is a partial list of chemistries and their expected abbreviations. These abbreviations are not case
sensitive.
Lead acid
PbAc
LION
NiCd
NiMH
NiZn
RAM
ZnAr
Lithium ion
Nickel cadmium
Nickel metal hydride
Nickel zinc
Rechargeable alkaline-manganese
Zinc air
39
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WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
command codes (continued)
The ManufacturerData( ) (0x23);[0x38–0x3a]
Description: This function allows access to the manufacturer data contained in the battery (data). The bq2063
stores seven critical operating parameters in this data area.
Purpose: The ManufacturerData( ) function may be used to access the manufacturer’s data area. The data
fields of this command reflect the programming of five critical EEPROM locations and can be used to facilitate
evaluation bq2063 under various programming sets. The ManufacturerData( ) function returns the following
information in order: Control Mode, Digital Filter, Self-Discharge Rate, Battery Low %, Near Full, and the
pending EDV threshold voltage (low byte and high byte.)
SMBus Protocol: Read Block
Output: Block data-data that reflects EEPROM programming as assigned by the manufacturer with maximum
length of 7 characters (7 + length byte).
Pack Status and Pack Configuration (0x2f); [0x2f]
This function returns the Pack Status and Pack Configuration registers. The Pack Status register contains a
number of status bits relating to bq2063 operation. The Pack Status register is the least significant byte of the
word.
The Pack Configuration register reflects how the bq2063 is configured as defined by the value programmed in
Pack Configuration in EE 0x3f. The OTVC bit is cleared when the single midrange voltage correction attempt
is made.
The Pack Status register consists of the following bits:
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
OCE
EDV2
EINT
VDQ
SOV
CVOV
CVUV
—
OCE
The OCE bit indicates that offset cancellation is enabled. The bq2063 sets this bit after VFC offset calibration
is complete.
0
1
Offset calibration not enabled
Offset calibration enabled
EDV2
EINT
VDQ
The EDV2 bit indicates that pack or cell voltage (program option) is less than the EDV2 threshold.
0
1
Voltage > EDV2 threshold (discharging)
Voltage ≤ EDV2 threshold
The EINT bit indicates that the VFC has detected a charge or discharge pulse.
0
1
No charge/discharge activity detected
Charge/discharge activity detected
The VDQ bit indicates if the present discharge cycle is valid for an FCC update.
0
1
Discharge cycle not valid
Discharge cycle valid
40
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WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
SOV
The SOV bit indicates that the safety output limits have been exceeded. Once set, the FLAG stays set until the
bq2063 is reset.
0
1
Safety limits not exceeded
Safety limits exceeded
CVOV
The CVOV bit indicates that a secondary Li-Ion protection limit has been exceeded. It is set on a prolonged
overcurrent, overvoltage, or overtemperature condition. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present
overvoltage status.
0
1
No secondary protection limits exceeded
A secondary protection limit exceeded
CVUV
The CVUV bit indicates that a secondary Li-Ion protection limit has been exceeded. It is set on an overload or
over-discharge condition. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present undervoltage status.
0
1
No secondary protection limits exceeded
A secondary protection limit exceeded
VCELL4-VCELL1 (0x3c-0x3f); [0x3c-0x3f]
These functions return the calculated individual cell voltages in mV.
EEPROM
general
The bq2063 accesses the external EEPROM during reset and when storing historical data. During an EEPROM
access, the VOUT pin becomes active and the bq2063 uses the ESCL and ESDA pins to communicate with
the EEPROM. The EEPROM stores basic configuration information for use by the bq2063. The EEPROM must
be programmed correctly for proper bq2063 operation.
memory map
Table 12 shows the memory map for the EEPROM. It contains example data for a 3s3p Li-Ion battery pack with
a 0.05-Ω sense resistor.
Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map
DATA
EEPROM ADDRESS
NAME
Li-ION EXAMPLE
15487
MSB
3c
LSB
7f
0x00
0x01
0x03
0x05
Check Byte 1
0x02
0x04
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0a
Remaining Time Alarm
Remaining Capacity Alarm
EDV C1 Factor
10 minutes
00
0a
90
00
00
c3
400 mAh
01
0
EDV TC Factor
0
Safety Overtemperature
Reserved
75°C
0
00
38
0x0b
Charging Voltage
12600 mV
31
NOTE: Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be
adjusted for maximum accuracy. For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.
41
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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map (Continued)
DATA
MSB
EEPROM ADDRESS
NAME
Li-ION EXAMPLE
128
LSB
80
00
00
30
31
59
01
b8
00
00
0C
8C
09
42
45
4e
43
48
4d
41
52
51
00
00
00
a2
06
42
51
32
30
36
33
00
94
94
10
00
e2
0x0c
0x0e
0x10
0x12
0x14
0x16
0x18
0x1a
0x1c
0x1d
0x1e
0x1f
0x0d
0x0f
Reserved
00
00
00
2a
00
26
00
0b
Cycle Count
Reserved
0
0x11
0x13
0x15
0x17
0x19
0x1b
0
Design Voltage
10800 mV
Specification Information
Manufacture Date
Serial Number
v1.1/PEC
2/25/99=9817
1
Fast-Charging Current
Pack Load Estimate
Maintenance Charging Current
Pre-Charge Current
Safety Overvoltage
Manufacturer Name Length
Character 1
3000 mA
0 mA
0 mA
00
00
96 mA
13056 mV
0x20
0x21
0x22
0x23
0x24
0x25
0x26
0x27
0x28
0x29
0x2a
0x2b
0x2c
0x2e
0x30
0x31
0x32
0x33
0x34
0x35
0x36
0x37
0x38
0x3a
0x3c
0x3e
0x3f
9
B
Character 2
E
Character 3
N
Character 4
C
Character 5
H
Character 6
M
Character 7
A
Character 8
R
Character 9
Q
Character 10
—
Character 11
—
0x2d
0x2f
Reserved
0
00
fe
Maximum Overcharge
Device Name Length
Character 1
350 mAh
6
B
Character 2
Q
Character 3
2
Character 4
0
Character 5
6
Character 6
3
Character 7
—
0x39
Last Measured Discharge
Pack Capacity
Cycle Count Threshold
Reserved
4500 mAh
4500 mAh
3600 mAh
0
11
11
0e
0x3b
0x3d
Pack Configuration
DMODE, SEAL,
CSYNC, OTVC
0x40
0x41
Device Chemistry Length
4
L
04
4c
Character 1
NOTE: Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be
adjusted for maximum accuracy. For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.
42
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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map (Continued)
DATA
EEPROM ADDRESS
NAME
Li-ION EXAMPLE
MSB
LSB
0x42
0x43
0x44
0x45
Character 2
Character 3
Character 4
MaxT LowT
Overload Current
I
49
4f
O
N
4e
c6
70
32
20
79
ff
50°C, 4.8°C
0x46
0x48
0x49
0x4a
0x4b
0x4c
0x4d
0x4e
0x4f
0x47
6000 mA
17
Overvoltage Margin
Overcurrent Margin
Cell Under/Over Voltage
Fast Charge Termination %
Fully Charged Clear %
Charge Efficiency
Current Taper Threshold
Current Taper Qual Voltage
Manufacturer Data Length
Control Mode
800 mV
512 mA
2496 mV/4384 mV
100%
95%
a1
ff
100%
200 mA
08
40
07
04
2d
05
12
64
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
01
00
00
d4
d4
00
5e
96
2e
b8
69
00
ef
128 mV
0x50
0x51
0x52
0x53
0x54
0x55
0x56
0x58
0x5a
0x5c
0x5e
0x60
0x61
0x62
0x63
0x64
0x65
0x66
0x68
0x6a
0x6c
0x6e
0x70
0x72
0x74
0x76
0x78
0x7a
0x7c
0x7e
7
SC
Digital Filter
50 µV
Self-Discharge Rate
Battery Low %
0.21%
7%
Near Full
200 mAh
0x57
0x59
0x5b
0x5d
0x5f
Reserved
0
00
00
00
00
00
-
Reserved
0
Reserved
0
Reserved
0
VFC Offset*
0
VFC Offset*
0
Temperature Offset*
ADC Offset*
0
-
0
-
Pack Programming
Light Load Estimate
Reserved
PDLY
0
-
-
0
-
0x67
0x69
0x6b
0x6d
0x6f
ADC Voltage Gain*
ADC Sense Resistor Gain*
VFC Sense Resistor Gain*
VOC25
5 : 1
30
30
20
d4
d3
d2
0b
0d
00
0d
00
00
a5
0.05 Ω
0.05 Ω
11170 mV
11370 mV
11730 mV
3000 mV
3433 mV
0
VOC50
0x71
0x73
0x75
0x77
0x79
0x7b
0x7d
0x7f
VOC75
EDVF/EDV0
EMF/ EDV1
EDV T0 Factor
EDV C0 Factor/EDV2
EDV R0 Factor
EDV R1 Factor
Check Byte 2
3567 mV
0
e0
00
5a
0
42330
NOTE: Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be
adjusted for maximum accuracy. For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.
43
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WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
EEPROM programming
The following sections describes the function of each EEPROM location and how the data is to be stored.
fundamental parameters
sense resistor value
Two factors are used to scale the current related measurements. The 16-bit ADC Sense Resistor Gain value
in EE 0x68-0x69 scales Current( ) to mA. Adjusting ADC Sense Resistor Gain from its nominal value provides
a method to calibrate the current readings for system errors and the sense resistor value (Rs) . The nominal
value is set by
(4)
625
(Rs)
ADC Sense Resistor Gain +
The 16-bit VFC Sense Resistor Gain in EE 0x6a-0x6b scales each VFC interrupt to mAh. VFC Sense Resistor
Gain is based on the resistance of the series sense resistor. The following formula computes a nominal or
starting value for VFC Sense Resistor Gain from the sense resistor value.
(5)
409.6
(Rs)
VFC Capital Sense Resistor Gain +
Sense resistor values are limited to the range of 0.00916 to 0.100Ω.
digital filter
The desired digital filter threshold, VDF (µV), is set by the value stored in Digital Filter EE 0x52.
(6)
2250
VDF
Digital Filter +
cell characteristics
battery pack capacity and voltage
Pack capacity in mAh units is stored in Pack Capacity, EE 0x3a-0x3b. In mAh mode, the bq2063 copies Pack
Capacity to DesignCapacity( ). In mWh mode, the bq2063 multiplies Pack Capacity by Design Voltage EE
0x12-0x13 to calculate DesignCapacity( ) scaled to 10 mWh. Design Voltage is stored in mV.
The initial value for Last Measured Discharge, in mAh, is stored in EE 0x38–0x39. Last Measured Discharge
is modified over the course of pack usage to reflect cell aging under the particular use conditions. The bq2063
updates Last Measured Discharge in mAh after a capacity learning cycle. The bq2063 uses the Last Measured
Discharge value to calculate FullChargeCapacity( ) in mAh or 10 mWh mode.
EDV thresholds and near full percentage
The bq2063 uses three pack voltage thresholds to provide voltage-based warnings of low battery capacity. The
bq2063 uses the values stored in EEPROM for the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 values or calculates the three
thresholds from a base value and the temperature, capacity, and rate adjustment factors stored in EEPROM.
If EDV compensation is disabled then EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 are stored directly in mV in EE 0x72-0x73, EE
0x74-0x75, and EE 0x78-0x79, respectively.
For capacity correction at EDV2, Battery Low % EE 0x54 can be set at a desired state-of-charge,
STATEOFCHARGE%, in the range of 3-19%. Typical values for STATEOFCHARGE% are 5-7% representing
5-7% capacity.
Battery Low % = STATEOFCHARGE% • 2.56
(7)
44
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WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
EDV thresholds and near full percentage (continued)
The bq2063 updates FCC if a qualified discharge occurs from a near-full threshold of FCC – NFW, until EDV2
condition is reached. The desired near-full threshold window, NFW (mAh), is programmed in Near Full in EE
0x55.
(8)
NFW
2
Near Full +
EVD discharge rate and temperature compensation
If EDV compensation is enabled, the bq2063 calculates battery voltage to determine EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2
thresholds as a function of battery capacity, temperature, and discharge load. The general equation for EDV0,
EDV1, and EDV2 calculation is
EDV0,1,2 = EMF • FBL - | ILOAD | • R0 • FTZ
(9)
Where:
EMF is a no-load battery voltage higher than the highest EDV threshold computed. EMF is programmed in
mV in EMF/EDV1 EE 0x74-0x75.
ILOAD is the current discharge load magnitude.
FBL is the factor that adjusts the EDV voltage for battery capacity and temperature to match the no-load
characteristics of the battery.
FBL = f ( C0, C + C1, T )
(10)
Where:
C (either 0%, 3%, or Battery Low % for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2, respectively) and C0 are the capacity-
related EDV adjustment factors. C0 is programmed in EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EE 0x78–79. C1 is the desired
residual battery capacity remaining at EDV0 (RM = 0). The C1 factor is stored in EDV C1 Factor EE 0x06.
T is the current temperature in °K.
R0 • FTZ represents the resistance of the battery as a function of temperature and capacity.
FTZ = f ( R1 , T0, T, C + C1, TC)
(11)
R0 is the first order rate dependency factor stored in EDV R0 Factor EE 0x7a-0x7b.
T is the current temperature; C is the battery capacity relating to EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2.
R1 adjusts the variation of impedance with battery capacity. R1 is programmed in EDV R1 Rate Factor EE
0x7c-0x7d.
T0 adjusts the variation of impedance with battery temperature). T0 is programmed in EDV T0 Rate Factor EE
0x76-0x77.
TC adjusts the variation of impedance for cold temperatures (T < 23°C). TC is programmed in EDV TC EE 0x07.
45
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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
EVD discharge rate and temperature compensation (continued)
Typical values for the EDV compensation factors, based on overall pack voltages for a Li-lon 3s3p 18650 pack,
are
EMF = 11550
T0 = 4475
C0 = 235
C1 = 0
R0 = 5350
R1 = 250
TC = 3
The graphs in Figures 11 and 12 show the calculated EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds versus capacity using
the typical compensation values for different temperatures and loads for a Li-Ion 3s3p 18650 pack. The
compensation values vary widely for different cell types and manufacturers and must be matched exactly to the
unique characteristics for optimal performance.
VOLTAGE
vs
CAPACITY
VOLTAGE
vs
CAPACITY
11.5
11.0
11.5
Battery Low % = 7%
= 35°C
Battery Low % = 7%
Load = 500 mA
11.0
EDV2
10.5
T
A
20°C
EDV2
500 mA
45°C
10.5
EDV1
10.0
EDV1
10.0
1 A
2 A
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
EDV0
7.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Capacity – %
Capacity – %
Figure 11. EDV Calculations vs Capacity for
Various Temperatures
Figure 12. EDV Calculations vs Capacity for
Various Loads
overload current threshold
The Overload Current threshold is a 16-bit value stored in EE 0x46-0x47 in mA units.
midrange capacity corrections
Three voltage-based thresholds, VOC25 EE 0x6c-0x6d, VOC50 EE 0x6e-0x6f, and VOC75 EE 0x70-0x71, are
used to test the accuracy of the RM based on open-circuit pack voltages. These thresholds are stored in the
EEPROM in 2s complement of voltage in mV. The values represent the open-circuit battery voltage at which
the battery capacity should correspond to the associated state of charge for each threshold.
46
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SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
self-discharge rate
The nominal self-discharge rate, %PERDAY (% per day), is programmed in an 8-bit value Self-Discharge Rate
EE 0x53 by the following relation:
(12)
52.73
%PERDAY
Self-Discharge Rate + 256–
light load estimate
The amount of light load current in mA, ILEAK, used for compensation is stored in Light Load Estimate in EE
0x64 as follows:
(13)
ILEAK • 1024
Light Discharge Current +
45
ILEAK is between 0.044 and 11.2 mA.
charge efficiency
The bq2063 applies the efficiency factor, EFF%, to all charge added to the battery. EFF% is encoded in Charge
Efficiency EE 0x4d according to equation 16:
(14)
Charge Efficiency + (EFF% • 2.56–1)
battery electronics load
The amount of internal battery electronics load estimate in µA, BEL, is stored in Pack Load Estimate EE 0x1c
as follows;
Pack Load Estimate = 0.364 • BEL
charging voltage
The 16-bit value, Charging Voltage EE 0x0a-0x0b programs the ChargingVoltage( ) value broadcast to a Smart
Charger. It is also sets the base value for determining overvoltage conditions during charging and voltage
compliance during a constant-voltage charging methodology. It is stored in mV.
overvoltage
The 8-bit value, Overvoltage Margin EE 0x48, sets the limit over ChargingVoltage( ) that is to be considered
as an overvoltage charge-suspension condition. The voltage in mV above the ChargingVoltage( ), VOVM, that
should trigger a charge suspend is encoded in Overvoltage Margin as follows:
(15)
VOVM
16
Overvoltage Margin +
VOVM is between 0 and 4080 mV.
charging current
ChargingCurrent( ) values are either broadcast to a Level 2 Smart Battery Charger or read from the bq2063 by
a Level 3 Smart Battery Charger. The bq2063 sets the value of ChargingCurrent( ), depending on the charge
requirements and charge conditions of the pack.
When fast charge is allowed, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to the rate programmed in Fast Charging
Current EE 0x1a-0x1b. Fast Charging Current is stored in mA.
47
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SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
charging current (continued)
When fast charge terminates, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and then to the Maintenance
Charging Current EE 0x1d when the termination condition ceases. MC is the desired rate in mA.
(16)
MC
4
Maintenance Charging Current +
When Voltage( ) is less than EDV0, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to Precharge Current EE 0x1e.
Typically this rate is larger than the maintenance rate to charge a deeply depleted pack up to the point where
it may be fast charged. PCC is the desired rate in mA.
(17)
PCC
8
Precharge Current +
If temperature is between 0° and the LTF threshold, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to PreCharge Current.
LTF is programmed in the lower nibble (LSN) OF MaxTLowT EE0x45 as
(18)
LTF(°C)
LowT +
0.8
charge suspension
During charge, the bq2063 compares the current to the ChargingCurrent( ) plus the value IOIM. If the pack is
charged at a current above the ChargingCurrent( ) plus IOIM, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to zero to
stop charging. IOIM is programmed in the EE 0x49 value, Overcurrent Margin, encoded as
(19)
IOIM
16
Overcurrent Margin +
Overcurrent Margin EE 0x49 may be used to program IOIM values of 0 to 4080mA in 16mA steps.
The desired temperature threshold for charge suspension, MAXTEMP, may be programmed between 45°C and
69°C in 1.6°C steps. MaxT LowT EE 0x45 (MSN) is stored in a 4-bit value as shown:
(20)
69–MAXTEMP
MaxT +
1.6
The bq2063 suspends fast charge when fast charge continues past full by the amount programmed inMaximum
Overcharge EE 0x2e-0x2f. Maximum Overcharge is programmed in 2s complement form of charge in mAh.
FULLY_CHARGED bit clear threshold
The bq2063 clears the FULLY_CHARGED bit in BatteryStatus( ) when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) reaches the
value, FullyChargedClear%EE0x4c. FullyChargedClear%isan8-bitvalueandisstoredasa2scomplement
of percent.
fast charge termination percentage
The bq2063 sets RM to a percentage of FCC on charge termination if the CSYNC bit is set in the Pack
Configuration register. The percentage of FCC, FCT%, is stored in Fast Charge Termination % in EE 0x4b. The
value is stored as shown:
Fast Charge Termination% = (FCT% 2.56–1)
*
cycle count threshold
Cycle Count Threshold 0x3c-0x3d sets the number of mAh that must be removed from the battery to increment
CycleCount( ). Cycle Count Threshold is a 16-bit value stored in 2s complement of charge in mAh.
48
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
current taper termination characteristics
Two factors in the EEPROM set the current taper termination for Li-Ion battery packs. The two coded locations
areCurrentTaperQualVoltageEE0x4fandCurrentTaperThresholdEE0x4e. Currenttaperterminationoccurs
during charging when the pack voltage is above the charging voltage minus CTQV (mV) and the charging
current is below CTT (mA) for at least 40 seconds.
(21)
CTQV
2
Current Taper Qual Voltage +
(22)
Rs < CTT
0.5625
Current Taper Threshold +
where i = the desired current termination threshold in mA, and Rs = VFC sense resistor in ohms.
pack options
pack configuration
Pack Configuration EE 0x3f contains bit-programmable features.
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
DMODE
SEAL
CSYNC
CEDV
VCOR
EXTH
OTVC
4CELL
DMODE
The DMODE bit determines whether the LED outputs indicate AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) or
RelativeStateOfCharge( )
0
1
LEDs reflect AbsoluteStateOfCharge( )
LEDs reflect RelativeStateOfCharge( )
SEAL
The SEAL bit determines the SMBus access state of the bq2063 on reset
0
1
SMBus commands (0x00-0xff) accessible for both read and write
SMBus read access limited to commands (0x05-0x1c) and (0x20-0x23). SMBus read/write access
limited to commands (0x00-0x04), (0x2f), and (0x3c-0x3f).
CSYNC
In usual operation of the bq2063, the CSYNC bit is set so that the coulomb counter is adjusted when a fast
charge termination is detected. In some applications, especially those where an externally controlled charger
is used, it may be desirable not to adjust the coulomb counter. In these cases the CSYNC bit should be cleared.
0
1
The bq2063 does not alter RM at the time of a valid charge termination
The bq2063 updates RM with a programmed percentage of FCC at a valid charger termination.
CEDV
TheCEDVbitdetermineswhetherthebq2063implementsautomaticEDVcompensationtocalculatetheEDV0,
EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds base on rate, temperature, and capacity. If the bit is cleared, the bq2063 uses the
fixed values programmed in EEPROM for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. If the bit is set, the bq2063 calculatesEDV0,
EDV1, and EDV2.
0
1
EDV compensation disabled
EDV compensation enabled
49
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
pack options (continued)
VCOR
The VCOR bit enables the midrange voltage correction algorithm. When it is set, the bq2063 compares the pack
voltage to RM and may adjust RM according to the values programmed in VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75.
0
1
Continuous midrange corrections disabled
Continuous midrange corrections enabled
EXTH
The EXTH bit configures the bq2063 for external or internal temperature measurement. When this bit is set, the
bq2063 expects an external thermistor input on the TS pin. When the bit is not set, the bq2063 uses its internal
temperature sensor.
0
1
Internal temperature sensor used
External thermistor used
OTVC
The OTVC bit programs the bq2063 to perform a midrange voltage one time after a device reset.
0
1
One-time midrange correction disabled
One-time midrange correction enabled
4CELL
The 4CELL bit programs the bq2063 for three or four series-cell operation.
0
1
Configure the bq2063 for three cells
Configure the bq2063 for four cells
pack programming
Pack Programming EE 0x63 contains bit-programmable features:
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
—
—
—
LLTF
LLRN
EDVV
—
PDLY
PDLY
EDVV
0
CVUV or CVOV sets immediately on first fault measurement
CVUV or CVOV requires two successive VOC measurements (2-second intervals).
1
The EDVV bit selects whether EDV the termination is to be done with regard to voltage or the lowest single-cell
voltage.
0
1
EDV conditions determined on the basis of the lowest single-cell voltage
EDV conditions determined on the basis of Voltage( ).
LLRN
LLRN bit sets the threshold above which current must be when RM reaches the Low Battery % or when
Voltage( ) reached the EDV2 to level to maintain a qualified discharge and allow learning (FCC update).
0
1
Sets the threshold to 3C/32
Sets the threshold to C/32
50
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
pack options (continued)
LLTF
The LLTF bit sets the temperature threshold used to disable the learning cycle (FCC update).
0
1
Sets the low temperature learning fault to 12C
Sets the low temperature learning fault to the value stored in MaxT_LowT
remaining time and capacity alarms
Remaining Time Alarm in EE 0x02-0x03 and Remaining Capacity Alarm in 0x04-0x05 set the alarm thresholds
used in the SMBus command codes 0x01 and 0x02, respectively. Remaining Time Alarm is stored in minutes
and Remaining Capacity Alarm in mAh or 10 mWh, depending on the Battery_Mode( ) setting.
secondary protection limits for Li-Ion
The cell undervoltage (VUV) and overvoltage (VOV) limits are programmed in Cell Undervoltage/Overvoltage
EE 0x4a according to the equations:
(23)
(24)
VOV–4096
Cell Overvoltage (lower nibble) +
32
VUV * 2048
Cell Undervoltage (upper nibble) +
64
CELL UNDER/OVER
VOLTAGE (UPPER NIBBLE)
VUV
(mV)
CELL UNDER/OVER
VOLTAGE (LOWER NIBBLE)
VOV
(mV)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a
b
c
d
e
f
2048
2112
2176
2240
2304
2368
2432
2496
2560
2624
2688
2752
2816
2880
2944
3008
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a
b
c
d
e
f
4096
4128
4160
4192
4224
4256
4288
4320
4352
4384
4416
4448
4480
4512
4544
4576
SAFETY Threshold
The Safety Voltage threshold (SOV) in mV is programmed in Safety Overvoltage EE 0x1f. It is stored as
(25)
SOV * 4096
Safety Overvoltage +
64
The Safety Overtemperature (SOT) in °C is programmed in Safety Overtemperature EE 0x08. It is stored as
Safety Overtemperature + (94.5 * SOT) < 10
(26)
51
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
pack options (continued)
cycle count initialization
Cycle Count EE 0x0e-0x0f stores the initial value for the CycleCount( ) function. It should be programmed to
0x0000.
control mode
Control Mode EE0x51 contains additional bit programmable features.
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
NDF
—
HPE
CPE
LED
SC
—
SM
NDF
HPE
CPE
LED
SC
The NDF bit disables the digital filter during discharge if the SMBC and SMBD lines are high.
0
1
Digital filter enabled all the time
Digital filter disabled if SMBC and SMBD are high
The HPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the Smart Battery host for master mode alarm messages.
0
1
No PEC byte on alarm warning to host
PEC byte on alarm warning to host
The CPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the Smart Battery Charger for master mode messages.
0
1
No PEC byte on broadcasts to charger
PEC byte on broadcasts to charger
The LED bit configures the bq2063 for 4 or 5 LED indication
0
1
Selects the 5 LED indication mode
Selects the 4 LED indication mode
The SC bit enables learning cycle optimization for a Smart Charger or independent charge
0
1
Learning cycle optimized for independent charger
Learning cycle optimized for Smart Charger
SM
The SM bit enables/disables master mode broadcasts by the bq2063
0
1
Broadcasts to host and charger enabled
Broadcasts to host and charger disabled
If the SM bit is set, modifications to bits in BatteryMode( ) do not re-enable broadcasts.
52
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
measurement calibration
ADC
To describe how the bq2063 calculates reported battery and three individual cell voltages, the following
abbreviations and designations are used:
D
D
D
D
D
VCELL = voltage at the input pin of the bq2063
VCELLN = reported single-cell voltages (N = 1–4)
Vn = single cell voltage (n = 1–4)
VnOffset= single-cell offset voltages (n = 1–4)
Voltage( ) = reported battery voltage
The bq2063 requests inputs to the VCELL pin. The S-8243 presents either a scaled single-cell voltage or the
offset associated with the voltage, per Table 11. The voltage for each cell, Vn, may be determined by subtracting
the offset measurement from the corresponding cell plus offset measurement.
After subtracting the two ADC readings from each cell voltage, the reported VCELLN voltage is computed as
follows:
(27)
VCELLN + ADC(VnOffset ) 0.2 Vn)–ADC(VnOffset) ƪADC Voltage Gainƫ
[
]
65536
(28)
VCELL 32768
*
ADC(VCELL) +
1250
An ADC Voltage Gain factor of 12500 in EE 0x66–0x67 is the nominal value to correct for the nominal 0.2 (5:1
reduction) gain of the S-8243.
The bq2063 computes the reported voltages as follows:
Voltage( )=VCELL1+VCELL2+VCELL3+VCELL4
(29)
The bq2063 reports VCELL4 as the most positive cell in the cell stack. Note that this is documented as V1 in
the S-8243 data sheet. The other cell voltages are also in inverse order.
Table 11. bq2063 to S-8243A/B Interface (Cell Voltage Input)
OUTPUT
CTL3 CTL4
INPUT
VCELL (A series)
V1 Offset
VCELL (A series)
V1 Offset
High
High
High
Open
Open
Open
Low
High
Open
Low
V1 Offset +0.2 × V1
Don’t care
V1 Offset + 0.2 × V1
V2 Offset
High
Open
Low
Don’t care
V2 Offset + 0.2 × V2
V3 Offset
V2 Offset
V2 Offset + 0.2 × V2
V3 Offset
V3 Offset + 0.2 × V3
V4 Offset
High
Open
Low
Low
V3 Offset 0.2 × V3
Don’t care
V4 Offset + 0.2 × V4
Don’t care
Low
NOTE: V1 = Cell 1 voltage (positive end of cell stack)
V2 = Cell 2 voltage
V3 = Cell 3 voltage
V4 = Cell 4 voltage (negative end of cell stack)
53
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
measurement calibration (continued)
current
The bq2063 scales Current( ) to mA units by the 16-bit value ADC Sense Resistor Gain in EE 0x68-0x69.
Adjusting ADC Sense Resistor Gain from its nominal value provides a method to calibrate the current readings
for variances in the ADC gain, internal voltage reference, and sense resistor value. The bq2063 calculates
Current( ) by
(30)
(
)
ADC Reading ) ADC Offset
ADC Sense Resistor Gainƫ
*
ƪ
Current( ) +
16384
The nominal value for ADC Sense Resistor Gain is given by equation (4).
ADC Offset in EE 0x62 adjusts the ADC reading for bq2063 measurement offset. ADC Offset is a signed 8-bit
value that cancels offset present in the ADC measurement. ADC Offset is typically between –20 and 20.
vfc
To calibrate the coulomb counting measurement for VFC gain errors and sense resistor tolerance, the value
of VFC Sense Resistor Gain EE 0x6a-0x6b may be adjusted from its nominal value.
The nominal value of VFC Sense Resistor Gain is given by equation (6).
The bq2063 VFC circuit has the ability to introduce a signal opposite in sign to the inherent device and circuit
offset to cancel this error. The offset calibration routine is initiated with commands to ManufacturerAccess( ).
The bq2063 calculates the offset with the calibration routine and stores the calibration value using the least 21
bits of VFC Offset in EE 0x5e-0x60.
The least 20 bits store the offset calibration value (OCV). The sign of the offset calibration value is positive if
the 21st bit is 0.
(31)
0.6 V
VFC Offset
OCV +
19–0
temperature
The bq2063 uses Temperature Offset in EE 0x61 to calibrate the Temperature( ) function for offset. The required
offset adjustment, TOFF (°C), sets Temperature Offset according to the equation
(32)
Temperature Offset + TOFF 10
*
Where:
–12.8 ≤ TOFF ≤ 12.7
constants and string data
EEPROM constants
Check Byte 1 EE 0x00-0x01 and Check Byte 2 EE 0x7e-0x7f must be programmed to 0x3c7f and 0xa55a,
respectively.
specification information
Specification Information EE 0x14-0x15 stores the default value for the SpecificationInfo( ) function. It is stored
in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the SepcificationInfo( ).
54
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bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
measurement calibration (continued)
manufacture date
Manufacture Date EE 0x16-0x17 stores the default value for the ManufactureDate( ) function. It is stored in
EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the ManufactureDate( ).
serial number
Serial Number EE 0x18-0x19 stores the default value for the SerialNumber( ) function. It is stored in EEPROM
in the same format as the data returned by the SerialNumber( ).
manufacturer name data
Manufacturer Name Length EE 0x20 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the
ManufacturerName( ) function. Locations EE 0x21-0x2b store the characters for ManufacturerName( ) in ASCII
code.
device name data
Device Name Length EE 0x30 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the DeviceName( )
function. Locations EE 0x31-0x37 store the characters for DeviceName( ) in ASCII code.
device chemistry data
Device Chemistry Length EE 0x40 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the
DeviceChemistry( ) function. Locations EE 0x41-0x44 store the characters for DeviceChemistry( ) in ASCII
code.
manufacturers data length
Manufacturers Data Length EE 0x50 stores the length of the desired number of bytes that is returned by the
ManufacturersData( ) function. It should be set to 7.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Figure 13 shows a typical bq2063-based battery pack application. The circuit consists of the S-8243 protection
IC LED display, temperature measurement network, EEPROM connections, serial port, and the sense resistor.
The EEPROM stores basic battery pack configuration information and measurement calibration values. The
EEPROMmust be programmed properly for bq2063 operation. Table 10 shows the EEPROM memory map and
outlines the programmable functions available in the bq2063.
55
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
APPLICATION INFORMATION
D
C
BAT+
CTL1
Pack+
BAT+
S-8243B
DOP
COP
bq2063
VMP
VCC
CVR
CTL1
CTL2
CTL3
CTL4
VCC
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
LED5
DISP
Cell 4
VC1
VC2
VC3
VSS
Cell 3
Cell 2
Cell 1
CTL2
CTL3
CTL4
VCELL
V
CC
VBAT_OUT
CDT
EEPROM
CCT
VOUT
ESCL
ESDA
SMBC
SMBD
HDQ16
SRC
VCC
SCL
A0
A1
A2
V
CC
WP
TS
SDA VSS
THON
RBI
SMBus
VSS
SR2
SR1
R
S
Optional
Pack–
Current Sense Resistor 20 mΩ Typ.
Figure 13. Typical bq2063 Implementation
56
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
bq2063
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC
WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE
SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002
MECHANICAL DATA
DBQ (R-PDSO-G**)
PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE
24 PINS SHOWN
0.012 (0,30)
0.008 (0,20)
0.025 (0,64)
24
0.005 (0,13)
M
13
0.244 (6,20)
0.228 (5,80)
0.008 (0,20) NOM
0.157 (3,99)
0.150 (3,81)
Gage Plane
1
12
A
0.010 (0,25)
0°–ā8°
0.035 (0,89)
0.016 (0,40)
0.069 (1,75) MAX
Seating Plane
0.004 (0,10)
0.010 (0,25)
0.004 (0,10)
PINS **
16
20
24
28
DIM
0.197
(5,00)
0.344
(8,74)
0.344
(8,74)
0.394
(10,01)
A MAX
0.188
(4,78)
0.337
(8,56)
0.337
(8,56)
0.386
(9,80)
A MIN
4073301/E 10/00
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0.006 (0,15).
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-137
57
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
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