COP8SGR728M7 [TI]
8-BIT, OTPROM, 10MHz, MICROCONTROLLER, PDSO28, SOIC-28;
| 型号： | COP8SGR728M7 |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | 8-BIT, OTPROM, 10MHz, MICROCONTROLLER, PDSO28, SOIC-28 可编程只读存储器 时钟 微控制器 光电二极管 外围集成电路 |
| 文件： | 总81页 (文件大小：1960K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
www.ti.com
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
COP8SG Family 8-Bit CMOS ROM Based and OTP Microcontrollers with 8k to 32k
Memory, Two Comparators and USART
Check for Samples: COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5, COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
1
KEY FEATURES
PERIPHERAL FEATURES
2345
•
Low Cost 8-Bit Microcontroller
•
•
Multi-Input Wakeup Logic
•
•
Quiet Design (Low Radiated Emissions)
Three 16-bit timers (T1 — T3), each with two
16-bit registers supporting:
Multi-Input Wakeup Pins with Optional
Interrupts (8 pins)
–
–
–
Processor Independent PWM mode
External Event Counter mode
Input Capture mode
•
Mask Selectable Clock Options
–
–
Crystal Oscillator
Crystal Oscillator Option with On-Chip Bias
Resistor
•
•
Idle Timer (T0)
MICROWIRE/PLUS Serial Interface (SPI
Compatible)
–
–
External Oscillator
Internal R/C Oscillator
•
•
Full Duplex USART
•
•
Internal Power-On-Reset—User Selectable
Two Analog Comparators
WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor Logic—User
Selectable
I/O FEATURES
•
Software Selectable I/O Options (TRI-STATE
Output,Push-Pull Output, Weak Pull-Up Input,
and High Impedance Input)
•
•
•
Eight High Current Outputs
256 or 512 Bytes On-Board RAM
8k to 32k ROM or OTP EPROM with Security
Feature
•
•
•
Schmitt Trigger Inputs on Ports G and L
Eight High Current Outputs
CPU FEATURES
Packages: 28 SOIC with 24 I/O pins, 40 PDIP
with 36 I/O pins, 44 PLCC, LQFP and WQFN
with 40 I/O pins
•
•
•
Versatile Easy to Use Instruction Set
0.67 μs Instruction Cycle Time
Fourteen Multi-Source Vectored Interrupts
Servicing
FULLY STATIC CMOS DESIGN
•
•
Low Current Drain (typically < 4 μA)
–
–
–
–
–
–
External Interrupt / Timers T0 — T3
MICROWIRE/PLUS™ Serial Interface
Multi-Input Wake Up
Two Power Saving Modes: HALT and IDLE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Software Trap
•
−40°C to +85°C, −40°C to +125°C
USART (2; 1 Receive and 1 Transmit)
Default VIS (Default Interrupt)
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
•
•
8-Bit Stack Pointer SP (Stack in RAM)
•
•
Windowed Packages for PDIP and PLCC
Two 8-bit Register Indirect Data Memory
Pointers
Real Time Emulation and Debug Tools
Available
•
•
True Bit Manipulation
BCD Arithmetic Instructions
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2
3
4
5
COP8, MICROWIRE/PLUS, WATCHDOG are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
iceMASTER is a registered trademark of MetaLink Corporation.
MICROWIRE/PLUS, DriveWay are trademarks of dcl_owner.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
www.ti.com
DESCRIPTION
The COP8SG Family ROM and OTP based microcontrollers are highly integrated COP8™ Feature core devices
with 8k to 32k memory and advanced features including Analog comparators, and zero external components.
These single-chip CMOS devices are suited for more complex applications requiring a full featured controller with
larger memory, low EMI, two comparators, and a full-duplex USART. COP8SGx7 devices are 100% form-fit-
function compatible OTP (One Time Programmable) versions for use in production or development of the
COP8SGx5 ROM.
Erasable windowed versions (Q3) are available for use with a range of COP8 software and hardware
development tools.
Family features include an 8-bit memory mapped architecture, 15 MHz CKI with 0.67 μs instruction cycle, 14
interrupts, three multi-function 16-bit timer/counters with PWM, full duplex USART, MICROWIRE/PLUS™, two
analog comparators, two power saving HALT/IDLE modes, MIWU, idle timer, on-chip R/C oscillator, high current
outputs, user selectable options ( WATCHDOG™, 4 clock/oscillator modes, power-on-reset), 2.7V to 5.5V
operation, program code security, and 28/40/44 pin packages.
Devices included in this datasheet are:
RAM
(bytes)
Device
Memory (bytes)
8k ROM
I/O Pins
24/36/40
24/36/40
24/36/40
24/36/40
24/36/40
24/36/40
Packages
Temperature
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
COP8SGE5
COP8SGG5
COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5
COP8SGR5
COP8SGE7
256
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
16k ROM
512
512
512
512
256
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
20k ROM
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
24k ROM
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
32k ROM
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
8k OTP EPROM
28 PDIP/SOIC, 40 PDIP,
44 PLCC/LQFP/WQFN
-40 to +85°C,
-40 to +125°C
COP8SGR7
32k OTP EPROM
32k EPROM
512
512
24/36/40
24/36/40
COP8SGR7-Q3
28 PDIP, 40 PDIP, 44 PLCC
Room Temp.
2
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COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
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SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
Block Diagram
Figure 1. COP8SGx Block Diagram
Device Description
ARCHITECTURE
The COP8 family is based on a modified Harvard architecture, which allows data tables to be accessed directly
from program memory. This is very important with modern microcontroller-based applications, since program
memory is usually ROM or EPROM, while data memory is usually RAM. Consequently data tables need to be
contained in non-volatile memory, so they are not lost when the microcontroller is powered down. In a modified
Harvard architecture, instruction fetch and memory data transfers can be overlapped with a two stage pipeline,
which allows the next instruction to be fetched from program memory while the current instruction is being
executed using data memory. This is not possible with a Von Neumann single-address bus architecture.
The COP8 family supports a software stack scheme that allows the user to incorporate many subroutine calls.
This capability is important when using High Level Languages. With a hardware stack, the user is limited to a
small fixed number of stack levels.
INSTRUCTION SET
In today's 8-bit microcontroller application arena cost/performance, flexibility and time to market are several of
the key issues that system designers face in attempting to build well-engineered products that compete in the
marketplace. Many of these issues can be addressed through the manner in which a microcontroller's instruction
set handles processing tasks. And that's why COP8 family offers a unique and code-efficient instruction set—one
that provides the flexibility, functionality, reduced costs and faster time to market that today's microcontroller
based products require.
Code efficiency is important because it enables designers to pack more on-chip functionality into less program
memory space. Selecting a microcontroller with less program memory size translates into lower system costs,
and the added security of knowing that more code can be packed into the available program memory space.
Key Instruction Set Features
The COP8 family incorporates a unique combination of instruction set features, which provide designers with
optimum code efficiency and program memory utilization.
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COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
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Single Byte/Single Cycle Code Execution
The efficiency is due to the fact that the majority of instructions are of the single byte variety, resulting in
minimum program space. Because compact code does not occupy a substantial amount of program memory
space, designers can integrate additional features and functionality into the microcontroller program memory
space. Also, the majority instructions executed by the device are single cycle, resulting in minimum program
execution time. In fact, 77% of the instructions are single byte single cycle, providing greater code and I/O
efficiency, and faster code execution.
Many Single-Byte, Multifunction Instructions
The COP8 instruction set utilizes many single-byte, multifunction instructions. This enables a single instruction to
accomplish multiple functions, such as DRSZ, DCOR, JID, LD (Load) and X (Exchange) instructions with post-
incrementing and post-decrementing, to name just a few examples. In many cases, the instruction set can
simultaneously execute as many as three functions with the same single-byte instruction.
JID: (Jump Indirect); Single byte instruction; decodes external events and jumps to corresponding service
routines (analogous to “DO CASE” statements in higher level languages).
LAID: (Load Accumulator-Indirect); Single byte look up table instruction provides efficient data path from the
program memory to the CPU. This instruction can be used for table lookup and to read the entire program
memory for checksum calculations.
RETSK: (Return Skip); Single byte instruction allows return from subroutine and skips next instruction. Decision
to branch can be made in the subroutine itself, saving code.
AUTOINC/DEC: (Auto-Increment/Auto-Decrement); These instructions use the two memory pointers B and X to
efficiently process a block of data (analogous to “FOR NEXT” in higher level languages).
Bit-Level Control
Bit-level control over many of the microcontroller's I/O ports provides a flexible means to ease layout concerns
and save board space. All members of the COP8 family provide the ability to set, reset and test any individual bit
in the data memory address space, including memory-mapped I/O ports and associated registers.
Register Set
Three memory-mapped pointers handle register indirect addressing and software stack pointer functions. The
memory data pointers allow the option of post-incrementing or post-decrementing with the data movement
instructions (LOAD/EXCHANGE). And 15 memory-maped registers allow designers to optimize the precise
implementation of certain specific instructions.
EMI REDUCTION
The COP8SGx5 family of devices incorporates circuitry that guards against electromagnetic interference—an
increasing problem in today's microcontroller board designs. TI's patented EMI reduction technology offers low
EMI clock circuitry, gradual turn-on output drivers (GTOs) and internal ICC smoothing filters, to help circumvent
many of the EMI issues influencing embedded control designs. TI has achieved 15 dB–20 dB reduction in EMI
transmissions when designs have incorporated its patented EMI reducing circuitry.
PACKAGING/PIN EFFICIENCY
Real estate and board configuration considerations demand maximum space and pin efficiency, particularly given
today's high integration and small product form factors. Microcontroller users try to avoid using large packages to
get the I/O needed. Large packages take valuable board space and increases device cost, two trade-offs that
microcontroller designs can ill afford.
The COP8 family offers a wide range of packages and do not waste pins: up to 90.9% (or 40 pins in the 44-pin
package) are devoted to useful I/O.
4
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COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
www.ti.com
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
Connection Diagram
Figure 2. Top View
28-Lead SOIC or PDIP
See DW or N Package
Figure 3. Top View
44-Lead WQFN
See NJN Package
Figure 4. Top View
40-Lead PDIP
See NFJ Package
Figure 5. Top View
Figure 6. Top View
44-Lead LQFP
See NNA0044A Package
44-Lead PLCC
See FN Package
Note: X = E for 8k, G for 16k,
H for 20k, K for 24k, R for 32k
Y = 5 for ROM, 7 for OTP
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
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Table 1. Pinouts for 28 -, 40- and 44-Pin Packages
28-Pin
SOIC
Port
Type
Alt. Fun
40-Pin PDIP 44-Pin PLCC
44-Pin LQFP
44-Pin WQFN
L0
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I
MIWU
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
25
26
27
28
1
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
35
36
37
38
3
17
18
19
20
25
26
27
28
39
40
41
42
3
11
12
13
14
19
20
21
22
33
34
35
36
41
42
43
44
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3
12
13
14
15
20
21
22
23
34
35
36
37
42
43
44
1
L1
MIWU or CKX
MIWU or TDX
MIWU or RDX
MIWU or T2A
MIWU or T2B
MIWU or T3A
MIWU or T3B
INT
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
G0
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
VCC
WDOUT(1)
T1B
T1A
SO
SK
2
4
4
SI
3
5
5
I
CKO
4
6
6
O
19
20
21
22
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
9
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
9
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
4
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
7
8
COMP1IN−
COMP1IN+
COMP1OUT
COMP2IN−
COMP2IN+
COMP2OUT
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
39
40
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
43
44
1
4
5
9
5
6
10
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
11
38
39
40
41
16
17
18
19
3
10
37
38
39
40
15
16
17
18
2
2
2
21
22
23
24
8
6
23
5
8
33
7
GND
CKI
37
7
31
1
32
2
I
I
RESET
24
34
38
32
33
(1) G1 operation as WDOUT is controlled by ECON bit 2.
6
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COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
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SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
Ordering Information
PDIP
PDIP
PDIP
LQFP
Figure 7. Part Numbering Scheme
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)(2)
Supply Voltage (VCC
)
7V
−0.3V to VCC +0.3V
100 mA
Voltage at Any Pin
Total Current into VCC Pin (Source)
Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink)
Storage Temperature Range
ESD Protection Level
110 mA
−65°C to +140°C
2kV (Human Body Model)
(1) Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not
ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.
DC Electrical Characteristics
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
2.7
10
0
Typ
Max
5.5
50 x 106
Units
V
Operating Voltage
Power Supply Rise Time
VCC Start Voltage to Ensure POR
Power Supply Ripple(1)
Supply Current(2)
ns
V
0.25
Peak-to-Peak
0.1 Vcc
V
CKI = 15 MHz
VCC = 5.5V, tC = 0.67 μs
VCC = 5.5V, tC = 1 μs
9.0
6.0
2.1
10
mA
mA
mA
μA
CKI = 10 MHz
CKI = 4 MHz
HALT Current(3)
VCC = 4.5V, tC = 2.5 μs
VCC = 5.5V, CKI = 0 MHz
<4
(1) Maximum rate of voltage change must be < 0.5 V/ms.
(2) Supply and IDLE currents are measured with CKI driven with a square wave Oscillator, External Oscillator, inputs connected to VCC and
outputs driven low but not connected to a load.
(3) The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the R/C and the Crystal configurations. In the R/C configuration, CKI is forced high
internally. In the crystal or external configuration, CKI is TRI-STATE. Measurement of IDD HALT is done with device neither sourcing nor
sinking current; with L. F, C, G0, and G2–G5 programmed as low outputs and not driving a load; all outputs programmed low and not
driving a load; all inputs tied to VCC; clock monitor disabled. Parameter refers to HALT mode entered via setting bit 7 of the G Port data
register.
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Units
DC Electrical Characteristics (continued)
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
IDLE Current(2)
CKI = 15 MHz
CKI = 10 MHz
CKI = 4 MHz
Input Levels (VIH, VIL)
RESET
VCC = 5.5V, tC = 0.67 μs
VCC = 5.5V, tC = 1 μs
VCC = 4.5V, tC = 2.5 μs
2.25
1.5
mA
mA
mA
0.8
0.8 Vcc
0.7 Vcc
Logic High
V
V
Logic Low
0.2 Vcc
CKI, All Other Inputs
Logic High
V
V
Logic Low
0.2 Vcc
2
Internal Bias Resistor for the
Crystal/Resonator Oscillator
0.5
5
1
8
MΩ
CKI Resistance to VCC or GND when R/C
Oscillator is selected
VCC = 5.5V
11
kΩ
Hi-Z Input Leakage
Input Pullup Current
G and L Port Input Hysteresis
Output Current Levels
D Outputs
VCC = 5.5V
−2
−40
+2
μA
μA
V
VCC = 5.5V, VIN = 0V
VCC = 5.5V
−250
0.25 Vcc
Source
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.3V
VCC = 2.7V, VOH = 1.8V
VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 1.0V
VCC = 2.7V, VOL = 0.4V
−0.4
-0.2
10
mA
mA
mA
mA
Sink
2
All Others
Source (Weak Pull-Up Mode)
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 2.7V
VCC = 2.7V, VOH = 1.8V
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.3V
VCC = 2.7V, VOH = 1.8V
−10.0
-2.5
−110
μA
μA
-33
Source (Push-Pull Mode)
Sink (Push-Pull Mode)
−0.4
-0.2
mA
mA
VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 0.4V
VCC = 2.7V, VOL = 0.4V
1.6
0.7
mA
mA
TRI-STATE Leakage
VCC = 5.5V
−2
+2
μA
Allowable Sink Current per Pin(4)
D Outputs and L0 to L3
15
3
mA
mA
mA
V
All Others
Maximum Input Current without Latchup(5)
RAM Retention Voltage, Vr
VCC Rise Time from a VCC ≥ 2.0V
Room Temp.
±200
2.0
12
See(6)
μs
EPROM Data Retenton(7) (4)
,
TA = 55°C
See(4)
>29
years
pF
Input Capacitance
7
Load Capacitance on D2
See(4)
1000
pF
(4) Parameter characterized but not tested.
(5) Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network. These pins allow input voltages > VCC and the pins will have sink
current to VCC when biased at voltages > VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC). The effective
resistance to VCC is 750Ω (typical). These two pins will not latch up. The voltage at the pins must be limited to < 14V. WARNING:
Voltages in excess of 14V will cause damage to the pins. This warning excludes ESD transients.
(6) Rise times faster than the minimum specification may trigger an internal power-on-reset.
(7) TI uses the High Temperature Storage Life (HTSL) test to evaluate the data retention capabilities of the EPROM memory cells used in
our OTP microcontrollers. Qualification devices have been stressed at 150°C for 1000 hours. Under these conditions, our EPROM cells
exhibit data retention capabilities in excess of 29 years. This is based on an activation energy of 0.7eV derated to 55°C.
8
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SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
AC Electrical Characteristics
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Instruction Cycle Time (tC)(1)
Crystal/Resonator, External
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 4.5V
0.67
2
μs
μs
μs
%
R/C Oscillator (Internal)
Frequency Variation(2)
External CKI Clock Duty Cycle(2)
Rise Time(2)
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
fr = Max
2
±35
45
55
8
%
fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock
fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Fall Time(2)
5
(3)
MICROWIRE Setup Time (tUWS
)
20
56
(3)
MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH
)
MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay
(3)
(tUPD
)
220
Input Pulse Width(2)
Interrupt Input High Time
Interrupt Input Low Time
Timer 1, 2, 3, Input High Time
Timer 1 2, 3, Input Low Time
Reset Pulse Width
1
1
1
1
1
tC
tC
tC
tC
μs
(1) tC = Instruction cycle time.
(2) Parameter characterized but not tested.
(3) MICROWIRE Setup and Hold Times and Propagation Delays are referenced to the appropriate edge of the MICROWIRE clock. See
Figure 8 and the MICROWIRE operation description.
Comparators AC and DC Characteristics
VCC = 5V, −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
±15
Units
mV
V
Input Offset Voltage(1)
0.4V ≤ VIN ≤ VCC − 1.5V
±5
Input Common Mode Voltage Range
Voltage Gain
0.4
V
CC − 1.5
100
dB
Low Level Output Current
VOL = 0.4V
−1.6
mA
mA
μA
High Level Output Current
DC Supply Current per Comparator (When Enabled)
Response Time(2)
VOH = VCC − 0.4V
1.6
150
600
600
200 mV step input
100 mV Overdrive,
100 pF Load
ns
ns
Comparator Enable Time(3)
(1) The comparator inputs are high impedance port inputs and, as such, input current is limited to port input leakage current.
(2) Response time is measured from a step input to a valid logic level at the comparator output. software response time is dependent of
instruction execution.
(3) Comparator enable time is that delay time required between the end of the instruction cycle that enables the comparator and using the
output of the comparator, either by hardware or by software.
Figure 8. MICROWIRE/PLUS Timing
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)(2)
Supply Voltage (VCC
)
7V
−0.3V to VCC +0.3V
100 mA
Voltage at Any Pin
Total Current into VCC Pin (Source)
Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink)
Storage Temperature Range
ESD Protection Level
110 mA
−65°C to +140°C
2kV (Human Body Model)
(1) Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not
ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.
DC Electrical Characteristics
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
4.5
10
0
Typ
Max
5.5
50 x 106
Units
V
Operating Voltage
Power Supply Rise Time
VCC Start Voltage to Ensure POR
Power Supply Ripple(1)
Supply Current(2)
CKI = 10 MHz
ns
V
0.25
Peak-to-Peak
0.1 Vcc
V
VCC = 5.5V, tC = 1 μs
VCC = 4.5V, tC = 2.5 μs
VCC = 5.5V, CKI = 0 MHz
6.0
2.1
10
mA
mA
μA
CKI = 4 MHz
HALT Current(3)
IDLE Current(2)
CKI = 10 MHz
<4
VCC = 5.5V, tC = 1 μs
VCC = 4.5V, tC = 2.5 μs
1.5
0.8
mA
mA
CKI = 4 MHz
Input Levels (VIH, VIL)
RESET
Logic High
0.8 Vcc
0.7 Vcc
V
V
Logic Low
0.2 Vcc
CKI, All Other Inputs
Logic High
V
V
Logic Low
0.2 Vcc
2
Internal Bias Resistor for the
Crystal/Resonator Oscillator
0.5
5
1
8
MΩ
CKI Resistance to VCC or GND when R/C
Oscillator is selected
VCC = 5.5V
11
kΩ
Hi-Z Input Leakage
VCC = 5.5V
−5
−35
+5
μA
μA
V
Input Pullup Current
VCC = 5.5V, VIN = 0V
VCC = 5.5V
−400
G and L Port Input Hysteresis
0.25 Vcc
(1) Maximum rate of voltage change must be < 0.5 V/ms.
(2) Supply and IDLE currents are measured with CKI driven with a square wave Oscillator, External Oscillator, inputs connected to VCC and
outputs driven low but not connected to a load.
(3) The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the R/C and the Crystal configurations. In the R/C configuration, CKI is forced high
internally. In the crystal or external configuration, CKI is TRI-STATE. Measurement of IDD HALT is done with device neither sourcing nor
sinking current; with L. F, C, G0, and G2–G5 programmed as low outputs and not driving a load; all outputs programmed low and not
driving a load; all inputs tied to VCC; clock monitor disabled. Parameter refers to HALT mode entered via setting bit 7 of the G Port data
register.
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DC Electrical Characteristics (continued)
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Output Current Levels
D Outputs
Source
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.3V
VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 1.0V
−0.4
mA
mA
Sink
9
All Others
Source (Weak Pull-Up Mode)
Source (Push-Pull Mode)
Sink (Push-Pull Mode)
TRI-STATE Leakage
Allowable Sink Current per Pin(4)
D Outputs and L0 to L3
All Others
Maximum Input Current without Latchup(5)
RAM Retention Voltage, Vr
VCC Rise Time from a VCC ≥ 2.0V
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 2.7V
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.3V
VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 0.4V
VCC = 5.5V
−9
−0.4
1.4
−5
−140
μA
mA
mA
μA
+5
15
15
3
mA
mA
mA
V
3
Room Temp.
±200
2.0
12
See(6)
μs
EPROM Data Retenton(7) (4)
,
TA = 55°C
See(4)
>29
years
pF
Input Capacitance
7
Load Capacitance on D2
See(4)
1000
pF
(4) Parameter characterized but not tested.
(5) Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network. These pins allow input voltages > VCC and the pins will have sink
current to VCC when biased at voltages > VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC). The effective
resistance to VCC is 750Ω (typical). These two pins will not latch up. The voltage at the pins must be limited to < 14V. WARNING:
Voltages in excess of 14V will cause damage to the pins. This warning excludes ESD transients.
(6) Rise times faster than the minimum specification may trigger an internal power-on-reset.
(7) TI uses the High Temperature Storage Life (HTSL) test to evaluate the data retention capabilities of the EPROM memory cells used in
our OTP microcontrollers. Qualification devices have been stressed at 150°C for 1000 hours. Under these conditions, our EPROM cells
exhibit data retention capabilities in excess of 29 years. This is based on an activation energy of 0.7eV derated to 55°C.
AC Electrical Characteristics
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Instruction Cycle Time (tC)
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Crystal/Resonator, External
R/C Oscillator (Internal)
Frequency Variation(1)
External CKI Clock Duty Cycle(1)
Rise Time(1)
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
1
μs
μs
%
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
fr = Max
2
±35
45
55
12
8
%
fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock
fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Fall Time(1)
(2)
MICROWIRE Setup Time (tUWS
)
20
56
(2)
MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH
)
(2)
MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD
Input Pulse Width(1)
)
220
Interrupt Input High Time
1
1
1
1
1
tC
tC
tC
tC
μs
Interrupt Input Low Time
Timer 1, 2, 3, Input High Time
Timer 1 2, 3, Input Low Time
Reset Pulse Width
(1) Parameter characterized but not tested.
(2) MICROWIRE Setup and Hold Times and Propagation Delays are referenced to the appropriate edge of the MICROWIRE clock. See
Figure 8 and the MICROWIRE operation description.
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Comparators AC and DC Characteristics
VCC = 5V, −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C.
Parameter
Input Offset Voltage(1)
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
±25
Units
mV
V
0.4V ≤ VIN ≤ VCC − 1.5V
±5
Input Common Mode Voltage Range
Voltage Gain
0.4
V
CC − 1.5
100
dB
Low Level Output Current
High Level Output Current
VOL = 0.4V
−1.6
mA
mA
μA
VOH = VCC − 0.4V
1.6
DC Supply Current per Comparator (When
Enabled)
150
Response Time(2)
200 mV step input
100 mV Overdrive,
600
600
ns
ns
Comparator Enable Time
(1) The comparator inputs are high impedance port inputs and, as such, input current is limited to port input leakage current.
(2) Response time is measured from a step input to a valid logic level at the comparator output. software response time is dependent of
instruction execution.
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Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
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Pin Descriptions
The COP8SGx I/O structure enables designers to reconfigure the microcontroller's I/O functions with a single
instruction. Each individual I/O pin can be independently configured as output pin low, output high, input with
high impedance or input with weak pull-up device. A typical example is the use of I/O pins as the keyboard
matrix input lines. The input lines can be programmed with internal weak pull-ups so that the input lines read
logic high when the keys are all open. With a key closure, the corresponding input line will read a logic zero since
the weak pull-up can easily be overdriven. When the key is released, the internal weak pull-up will pull the input
line back to logic high. This eliminates the need for external pull-up resistors. The high current options are
available for driving LEDs, motors and speakers. This flexibility helps to ensure a cleaner design, with less
external components and lower costs. Below is the general description of all available pins.
VCC and GND are the power supply pins. All VCC and GND pins must be connected.
CKI is the clock input. This can come from the Internal R/C oscillator, external, or a crystal oscillator (in
conjunction with CKO). See Oscillator Description section.
RESET is the master reset input. See Reset description section.
Each device contains four bidirectional 8-bit I/O ports (C, G, L and F), where each individual bit may be
independently configured as an input (Schmitt trigger inputs on ports L and G), output or TRI-STATE under
program control. Three data memory address locations are allocated for each of these I/O ports. Each I/O port
has two associated 8-bit memory mapped registers, the CONFIGURATION register and the output DATA
register. A memory mapped address is also reserved for the input pins of each I/O port. (See the memory map
for the various addresses associated with the I/O ports.) Figure 13 shows the I/O port configurations. The DATA
and CONFIGURATION registers allow for each port bit to be individually configured under software control as
shown below:
DATA
Register
CONFIGURATION Register
Port Set-Up
0
0
Hi-Z Input
(TRI-STATE Output)
Input with Weak Pull-Up
Push-Pull Zero Output
Push-Pull One Output
0
1
1
1
0
1
Port L is an 8-bit I/O port. All L-pins have Schmitt triggers on the inputs.
Port L supports the Multi-Input Wake Up feature on all eight pins. Port L has the following alternate pin functions:
L7
L6
L5
L4
L3
L2
L1
L0
Multi-input Wakeup or T3B (Timer T3B Input)
Multi-input Wakeup or T3A (Timer T3A Input)
Multi-input Wakeup or T2B (Timer T2B Input)
Multi-input Wakeup or T2A (Timer T2A Input)
Multi-input Wakeup and/or RDX (USART Receive)
Multi-input Wakeup or TDX (USART Transmit)
Multi-input Wakeup and/or CKX (USART Clock)
Multi-input Wakeup
Port G is an 8-bit port. Pin G0, G2–G5 are bi-directional I/O ports. Pin G6 is always a general purpose Hi-Z input.
All pins have Schmitt Triggers on their inputs.Pin G1 serves as the dedicated WATCHDOG output with weak
pullup if WATCHDOG feature is selected by the Mask Option register. The pin is a general purpose I/O if
WATCHDOG feature is not selected. If WATCHDOG feature is selected, bit 1 of the Port G configuration and
data register does not have any effect on Pin G1 setup. Pin G7 is either input or output depending on the
oscillator option selected. With the crystal oscillator option selected, G7 serves as the dedicated output pin for
the CKO clock output. With the internal R/C or the external oscillator option selected, G7 serves as a general
purpose Hi-Z input pin and is also used to bring the device out of HALT mode with a low to high transition on G7.
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Since G6 is an input only pin and G7 is the dedicated CKO clock output pin (crystal clock option) or general
purpose input (R/C or external clock option), the associated bits in the data and configuration registers for G6
and G7 are used for special purpose functions as outlined below. Reading the G6 and G7 data bits will return
zeroes.
Each device will be placed in the HALT mode by writing a “1” to bit 7 of the Port G Data Register. Similarly the
device will be placed in the IDLE mode by writing a “1” to bit 6 of the Port G Data Register.
Writing a “1” to bit 6 of the Port G Configuration Register enables the MICROWIRE/PLUS to operate with the
alternate phase of the SK clock. The G7 configuration bit, if set high, enables the clock start up delay after HALT
when the R/C clock configuration is used.
Config. Reg.
Data Reg.
G7
G6
CLKDLY
HALT
IDLE
Alternate SK
Port G has the following alternate features:
G7
G6
G5
G4
G3
G2
G1
CKO Oscillator dedicated output or general purpose input
SI (MICROWIRE Serial Data Input)
SK (MICROWIRE Serial Clock)
SO (MICROWIRE Serial Data Output)
T1A (Timer T1 I/O)
T1B (Timer T1 Capture Input)
WDOUT WATCHDOG and/or CLock Monitor if WATCHDOG enabled, otherwise it is a general purpose
I/O
G0
INTR (External Interrupt Input)
Port C is an 8-bit I/O port. The 40-pin device does not have a full complement of Port C pins. The unavailable
pins are not terminated. A read operation on these unterminated pins will return unpredictable values. The 28 pin
device do not offer Port C. On this device, the associated Port C Data and Configuration registers should not be
used.
Port F is an 8-bit I/O port. The 28--pin device does not have a full complement of Port F pins. The unavailable
pins are not terminated. A read operation on these unterminated pins will return unpredictable values.
Port F1–F3 are used for Comparator 1. Port F4–F6 are used for Comparator 2.
The Port F has the following alternate features:
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
COMP2OUT (Comparator 2 Output)
COMP2+IN (Comparator 2 Positive Input)
COMP2-IN (Comparator 2 Negative Input)
COMP1OUT (Comparator 1 Output)
COMP1+IN (Comparator 1 Positive Input)
COMP1-IN (Comparator 1 Negative Input)
NOTE
For compatibility with existing software written for COP888xG devices and with existing
Mask ROM devices, a read of the Port I input pins (address xxD7) will return the same
data as reading the Port F input pins (address xx96). It is recommended new applications
which will go to production with the COP8SGx use the Port F addresses. Note that
compatible ROM devices contains the input only Port I instead of the bi-directional Port F.
Port D is an 8-bit output port that is preset high when RESET goes low. The user can tie two or more D port
outputs (except D2) together in order to get a higher drive.
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NOTE
Care must be exercised with the D2 pin operation. At RESET, the external loads on this
pin must ensure that the output voltages stay above 0.7 VCC to prevent the chip from
entering special modes. Also keep the external loading on D2 to less than 1000 pF.
Figure 13. I/O Port Configurations
Figure 14. I/O Port Configurations—Output Mode
Figure 15. I/O Port Configurations—Input Mode
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The architecture of the devices are a modified Harvard architecture. With the Harvard architecture, the program
memory ROM is separated from the data store memory (RAM). Both ROM and RAM have their own separate
addressing space with separate address buses. The architecture, though based on the Harvard architecture,
permits transfer of data from ROM to RAM.
CPU REGISTERS
The CPU can do an 8-bit addition, subtraction, logical or shift operation in one instruction (tC) cycle time.
There are six CPU registers:
A is the 8-bit Accumulator Register
PC is the 15-bit Program Counter Register
PU is the upper 7 bits of the program counter (PC)
PL is the lower 8 bits of the program counter (PC)
B is an 8-bit RAM address pointer, which can be optionally post auto incremented or decremented.
X is an 8-bit alternate RAM address pointer, which can be optionally post auto incremented or decremented.
S is the 8-bit Segment Address Register used to extend the lower half of the address range (00 to 7F) into 256
data segments of 128 bytes each.
SP is the 8-bit stack pointer, which points to the subroutine/interrupt stack (in RAM). With reset the SP is
initialized to RAM address 02F Hex (devices with 64 bytes of RAM), or initialized to RAM address 06F Hex
(devices with 128 bytes of RAM).
All the CPU registers are memory mapped with the exception of the Accumulator (A) and the Program Counter
(PC).
PROGRAM MEMORY
The program memory consists of varies sizes of ROM. These bytes may hold program instructions or constant
data (data tables for the LAID instruction, jump vectors for the JID instruction, and interrupt vectors for the VIS
instruction). The program memory is addressed by the 15-bit program counter (PC). All interrupts in the device
vector to program memory location 0FF Hex. The contents of the program memory read 00 Hex in the erased
state. Program execution starts at location 0 after RESET.
DATA MEMORY
The data memory address space includes the on-chip RAM and data registers, the I/O registers (Configuration,
Data and Pin), the control registers, the MICROWIRE/PLUS SIO shift register, and the various registers, and
counters associated with the timers (with the exception of the IDLE timer). Data memory is addressed directly by
the instruction or indirectly by the B, X and SP pointers.
The data memory consists of 256 or 512 bytes of RAM. Sixteen bytes of RAM are mapped as “registers” at
addresses 0F0 to 0FE Hex. These registers can be loaded immediately, and also decremented and tested with
the DRSZ (decrement register and skip if zero) instruction. The memory pointer registers X, SP and B are
memory mapped into this space at address locations 0FC to 0FE Hex respectively, with the other registers
(except 0FF) being available for general usage.
The instruction set permits any bit in memory to be set, reset or tested. All I/O and registers (except A and PC)
are memory mapped; therefore, I/O bits and register bits can be directly and individually set, reset and tested.
The accumulator (A) bits can also be directly and individually tested.
NOTE
RAM contents are undefined upon power-up.
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DATA MEMORY SEGMENT RAM EXTENSION
Data memory address 0FF is used as a memory mapped location for the Data Segment Address Register (S).
The data store memory is either addressed directly by a single byte address within the instruction, or indirectly
relative to the reference of the B, X, or SP pointers (each contains a single-byte address). This single-byte
address allows an addressing range of 256 locations from 00 to FF hex. The upper bit of this single-byte address
divides the data store memory into two separate sections as outlined previously. With the exception of the RAM
register memory from address locations 00F0 to 00FF, all RAM memory is memory mapped with the upper bit of
the single-byte address being equal to zero. This allows the upper bit of the single-byte address to determine
whether or not the base address range (from 0000 to 00FF) is extended. If this upper bit equals one
(representing address range 0080 to 00FF), then address extension does not take place. Alternatively, if this
upper bit equals zero, then the data segment extension register S is used to extend the base address range
(from 0000 to 007F) from XX00 to XX7F, where XX represents the 8 bits from the S register. Thus the 128-byte
data segment extensions are located from addresses 0100 to 017F for data segment 1, 0200 to 027F for data
segment 2, etc., up to FF00 to FF7F for data segment 255. The base address range from 0000 to 007F
represents data segment 0.
Figure 16 illustrates how the S register data memory extension is used in extending the lower half of the base
address range (00 to 7F hex) into 256 data segments of 128 bytes each, with a total addressing range of 32
kbytes from XX00 to XX7F. This organization allows a total of 256 data segments of 128 bytes each with an
additional upper base segment of 128 bytes. Furthermore, all addressing modes are available for all data
segments. The S register must be changed under program control to move from one data segment (128 bytes)
to another. However, the upper base segment (containing the 16 memory registers, I/O registers, control
registers, etc.) is always available regardless of the contents of the S register, since the upper base segment
(address range 0080 to 00FF) is independent of data segment extension.
Figure 16. RAM Organization
The instructions that utilize the stack pointer (SP) always reference the stack as part of the base segment
(Segment 0), regardless of the contents of the S register. The S register is not changed by these instructions.
Consequently, the stack (used with subroutine linkage and interrupts) is always located in the base segment. The
stack pointer will be initialized to point at data memory location 006F as a result of reset.
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The 128 bytes of RAM contained in the base segment are split between the lower and upper base segments.
The first 112 bytes of RAM are resident from address 0000 to 006F in the lower base segment, while the
remaining 16 bytes of RAM represent the 16 data memory registers located at addresses 00F0 to 00FF of the
upper base segment. No RAM is located at the upper sixteen addresses (0070 to 007F) of the lower base
segment.
Additional RAM beyond these initial 128 bytes, however, will always be memory mapped in groups of 128 bytes
(or less) at the data segment address extensions (XX00 to XX7F) of the lower base segment. The additional 384
bytes of RAM in this device are memory mapped at address locations 0100 to 017F, 0200 to 027F and 0300 to
037F hex.
Memory address ranges 0200 to 027F and 0300 to 037F are unavailable on the COP8SGx5 and, if read, will
return underfined data.
ECON (CONFIGURATION) REGISTER
For compatibility with COP8SGx7 devices, mask options are defined by an ECON Configuration Register which
is programmed at the same time as the program code. Therefore, the register is programmed at the same time
as the program memory.
The format of the ECON register is as follows:
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
WATCH
DOG
Bit 1
Bit 0
X
POR
SECURITY
CKI 2
CKI 1
F-Port
HALT
Bit 7 = xThis is for factory test. The polarity is “Don't Care.”
Bit 6 = 1Power-on reset enabled.
= 0Power-on reset disabled.
Bit 5 = 1Security enabled.
Bits 4, 3 = 0, 0External CKI option selected. G7 is available as a HALT restart and/or general purpose input. CKI
is clock input.
= 0, 1R/C oscillator option selected. G7 is available as a HALT restart and/or general purpose input.
CKI clock input. Internal R/C components are supplied for maximum R/C frequency.
= 1, 0Crystal oscillator with on-chip crystal bias resistor disabled. G7 (CKO) is the clock generator
output to crystal/resonator.
= 1, 1Crystal oscillator with on-chip crystal bias resistor enabled. G7 (CKO) is the clock generator
output to crystal/resonator.
Bit 2 = 1WATCHDOG feature disabled. G1 is a general purpose I/O.
= 0WATCHDOG feature enabled. G1 pin is WATCHDOG output with weak pullup.
Bit 1 = 1Force port I compatibility. Disable port F outputs and pull-ups. This is intended for compatibility with
existing code and Mask ROMMed devices only. This bit should be programmed to 0 for all other
applications.
= 0Enable full port F capability.
Bit 0 = 1HALT mode disabled.
= 0HALT mode enabled.
USER STORAGE SPACE IN EPROM
The ECON register is outside of the normal address range of the ROM and can not be accessed by the
executing software.
The COP8 assembler defines a special ROM section type, CONF, into which the ECON may be coded. Both
ECON and User Data are programmed automatically by programmers that are certified by TI.
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The following examples illustrate the declaration of ECON and the User information.
Syntax:
[label:] .sect
.db
econ, conf
value ;1 byte,
;configures options
.db
.endsect
<user information>
; up to 8 bytes
Example: The following sets a value in the ECON register and User Identification for a COP8SGR728M7. The
ECON bit values shown select options: Power-on enabled, Security disabled, Crystal oscillator with on-chip bias
disabled, WATCHDOG enabled and HALT mode enabled.
.sect econ, conf
.db
.db
0x55
;por, xtal, wd, halt
'my v1.00' ;user data declaration
.endsect
OTP SECURITY
The device has a security feature that, when enabled, prevents external reading of the OTP program memory.
The security bit in the ECON register determines, whether security is enabled or disabled. If the security feature
is disabled, the contents of the internal EPROM may be read.
If the security feature is enabled, then any attempt to externally read the contents of the EPROM will
result in the value FF Hex being read from all program locations Under no circumstances can a secured
part be read. In addition, with the security feature enabled, the write operation to the EPROM program memory
and ECON register is inhibited. The ECON register is readable regardless of the state of the security bit. The
security bit, when set, cannot be erased, even in windowed packages. If the security bit is set in a device in a
windowed package, that device may be erased but will not be further programmable.
If security is being used, it is recommended that all other bits in the ECON register be programmed first. Then
the security bit can be programmed.
ERASURE CHARACTERISTICS
The erasure characteristics of the device are such that erasure begins to occur when exposed to light with
wavelengths shorter than approximately 4000 Angstroms (Å). It should be noted that sunlight and certain types of
fluorescent lamps have wavelengths in the 3000Å - 4000Å range.
After programming, opaque labels should be placed over the window of windowed devices to prevent
unintentional erasure. Covering the window will also prevent temporary functional failure due to the generation of
photo currents.
The recommended erasure procedure for windowed devices is exposure to short wave ultraviolet light which has
a wavelength of 2537 Angstroms (Å). The integrated dose (i.e. UV intensity X exposure time) for erasure should
be a minimum of 15W-sec/cm2.
RESET
The devices are initialized when the RESET pin is pulled low or the On-chip Power-On Reset is enabled.
Figure 17. Reset Logic
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The following occurs upon initialization:
Port L: TRI-STATE (High Impedance Input)
Port C: TRI-STATE (High Impedance Input)
Port G: TRI-STATE (High Impedance Input)
Port F: TRI-STATE (High Impedance Input)
Port D: HIGH
PC: CLEARED to 0000
PSW, CNTRL and ICNTRL registers: CLEARED
SIOR:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
T2CNTRL: CLEARED
T3CNTRL: CLEARED
Accumulator, Timer 1, Timer 2 and Timer 3:
RANDOM after RESET with crystal clock option
(power already applied)
UNAFFECTED after RESET with R/C clock option
(power already applied)
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
WKEN, WKEDG: CLEARED
WKPND: RANDOM
SP (Stack Pointer):
Initialized to RAM address 06F Hex
B and X Pointers:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
S Register: CLEARED
RAM:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
USART:
PSR, ENU, ENUR, ENUI: Cleared except the TBMT bit
which is set to one.
COMPARATORS:
CMPSL; CLEARED
WATCHDOG (if enabled):
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The device comes out of reset with both the WATCHDOG logic and the Clock Monitor detector armed, with
the WATCHDOG service window bits set and the Clock Monitor bit set. The WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor
circuits are inhibited during reset. The WATCHDOG service window bits being initialized high default to the
maximum WATCHDOG service window of 64k tC clock cycles. The Clock Monitor bit being initialized high will
cause a Clock Monitor error following reset if the clock has not reached the minimum specified frequency at the
termination of reset. A Clock Monitor error will cause an active low error output on pin G1. This error output will
continue until 16 tC–32 tC clock cycles following the clock frequency reaching the minimum specified value, at
which time the G1 output will go high.
External Reset
The RESET input when pulled low initializes the device. The RESET pin must be held low for a minimum of one
instruction cycle to ensure a valid reset. During Power-Up initialization, the user must ensure that the RESET pin
is held low until the device is within the specified VCC voltage. An R/C circuit on the RESET pin with a delay 5
times (5x) greater than the power supply rise time or 15 μs whichever is greater, is recommended. Reset should
also be wide enough to ensure crystal start-up upon Power-Up.
RESET may also be used to cause an exit from the HALT mode.
A recommended reset circuit for this device is shown in Figure 18.
RC >5x power supply rise time or 15 μs, whichever is greater.
Figure 18. Reset Circuit Using External Reset
On-Chip Power-On Reset
The on-chip reset circuit is selected by a bit in the ECON register. When enabled, the device generates an
internal reset as VCC rises to a voltage level above 2.0V. The on-chip reset circuitry is able to detect both fast
and slow rise times on VCC (VCC rise time between 10 ns and 50 ms).To ensure an on-chip power-on-reset,
VCCmust start at a voltage less than the start voltage specified in the DC characteristics. Also, if VCC be lowered
to the start voltage before powering back up to the operating range. If this is not possible, it is recommended that
external reset be used.
Under no circumstances should the RESET pin be allowed to float. If the on-chip Power-On Reset feature is
being used, RESET pin should be connected directly, or through a pull-up resistor, to VCC. The output of the
power-on reset detector will always preset the Idle timer to 0FFF(4096 tC). At this time, the internal reset will be
generated.
If the Power-On Reset feature is enabled, the internal reset will not be turned off until the Idle timer underflows.
The internal reset will perform the same functions as external reset. The user is responsible for ensuring that VCC
is at the minimum level for the operating frequency within the 4096 tC. After the underflow, the logic is designed
such that no additional internal resets occur as long as VCC remains above 2.0V.
The contents of data registers and RAM are unknown following the on-chip reset.
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Figure 19. Reset Timing (Power-On Reset Enabled) with VCC Tied to RESET
Figure 20. Reset Circuit Using Power-On Reset
OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS
There are four clock oscillator options available: Crystal Oscillator with or without on-chip bias resistor, R/C
Oscillator with on-chip resistor and capacitor, and External Oscillator. The oscillator feature is selected by
programming the ECON register, which is summarized in Table 2.
Table 2. Oscillator Option
ECON4
ECON3
Oscillator Option
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
External Oscillator
Crystal Oscillator without Bias Resistor
R/C Oscillator
Crystal Oscillator with Bias Resistor
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Crystal Oscillator
The crystal Oscillator mode can be selected by programming ECON Bit 4 to 1. CKI is the clock input while
G7/CKO is the clock generator output to the crystal. An on-chip bias resistor connected between CKI and CKO
can be enabled by programming ECON Bit 3 to 1 with the crystal oscillator option selection. The value of the
resistor is in the range of 0.5M to 2M (typically 1.0M). Table 3 shows the component values required for various
standard crystal values. Resistor R2 is only used when the on-chip bias resistor is disabled. Figure 21 shows the
crystal oscillator connection diagram.
Table 3. Crystal Oscillator Configuration,
TA = 25°C, VCC = 5V
CKI Freq.
(MHz)
R1 (kΩ)
R2 (MΩ)
C1 (pF)
C2 (pF)
0
0
1
1
1
1
18
20
18
20
15
10
0
25
25
4
5.6
100
100–156
0.455
External Oscillator
The External Oscillator mode can be selected by programming ECON Bit 3 to 0 and ECON Bit 4 to 0. CKI can be
driven by an external clock signal provided it meets the specified duty cycle, rise and fall times, and input levels.
G7/CKO is available as a general purpose input G7 and/or Halt control. Figure 22 shows the external oscillator
connection diagram.
R/C Oscillator
The R/C Oscillator mode can be selected by programming ECON Bit 3 to 1 and ECON Bit 4 to 0. In R/C
oscillation mode, CKI is left floating, while G7/CKO is available as a general purpose input G7 and/or HALT
control. The R/C controlled oscillator has on-chip resistor and capacitor for maximum R/C oscillator frequency
operation. The maximum frequency is 5 MHz ± 35% for VCC between 4.5V to 5.5V and temperature range of
−40°C to +85°C. For max frequency operation, the CKI pin should be left floating. For lower frequencies, an
external capacitor should be connected between CKI and either VCC or GND. Immunity of the R/C oscillator to
external noise can be improved by connecting one half the external capacitance to VCC and one half to GND. PC
board trace length on the CKI pin should be kept as short as possible. Table 4 shows the oscillator frequency as
a function of external capacitance on the CKI pin. Figure 23 shows the R/C oscillator configuration.
Table 4. R/C Oscillator Configuration,
−40°C to +85°C, VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V,
OSC Freq. Variation of ± 35%
External Capacitor (pF)(1)
R/C OSC Freq (MHz)
Instr. Cycle (μs)
0
9
5
2.0
2.5
4
52
2
1
5.0
125
6100
10
32 kHz
312.5
(1) Assumes 3-5 pF board capacitance.
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With On-Chip Bias Resistor
Without On-Chip Bias Resistor
Figure 21. Crystal Oscillator
Figure 22. External Oscillator
For operation at lower than maximum R/C oscillator frequency.
For operation at maximum R/C oscillator frequency.
Figure 23. R/C Oscillator
CONTROL REGISTERS
CNTRL Register (Address X′00EE)
T1C3
T1C2
T1C1
T1C0
MSEL
IEDG
SL1
SL0
Bit 7
Bit 0
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The Timer1 (T1) and MICROWIRE/PLUS control register contains the following bits:
T1C3 Timer T1 mode control bit
T1C2 Timer T1 mode control bit
T1C1 Timer T1 mode control bit
T1C0 Timer T1 Start/Stop control in timer
modes 1 and 2, T1 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in timer mode 3
MSEL Selects G5 and G4 as MICROWIRE/PLUS signals SK and SO respectively
IEDG External interrupt edge polarity select
(0 = Rising edge, 1 = Falling edge)
SL1 & SL0 Select the MICROWIRE/PLUS clock divide by (00 = 2, 01 = 4, 1x = 8)
PSW Register (Address X′00EF)
HC
C
T1PNDA
T1ENA
EXPND
BUSY
EXEN
GIE
Bit 7
Bit 0
The PSW register contains the following select bits:
HC Half Carry Flag
C
Carry Flag
T1PNDA Timer T1 Interrupt Pending Flag (Autoreload RA in mode 1, T1 Underflow in Mode 2, T1A capture
edge in mode 3)
T1ENA Timer T1 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T1A Input capture edge
EXPND External interrupt pending
BUSY MICROWIRE/PLUS busy shifting flag
EXEN Enable external interrupt
GIE Global interrupt enable (enables interrupts)
The Half-Carry flag is also affected by all the instructions that affect the Carry flag. The SC (Set Carry) and R/C
(Reset Carry) instructions will respectively set or clear both the carry flags. In addition to the SC and R/C
instructions, ADC, SUBC, RRC and RLC instructions affect the Carry and Half Carry flags.
ICNTRL Register (Address X′00E8)
Reserved
LPEN
T0PND
T0EN
µWPND
µWEN
T1PNDB
T1ENB
Bit 7
Bit 0
The ICNTRL register contains the following bits:
Reserved This bit is reserved and must be zero
LPEN L Port Interrupt Enable (Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt)
T0PND Timer T0 Interrupt pending
T0EN Timer T0 Interrupt Enable (Bit 12 toggle)
μWPND MICROWIRE/PLUS interrupt pending
μWEN Enable MICROWIRE/PLUS interrupt
T1PNDB Timer T1 Interrupt Pending Flag for T1B capture edge
T1ENB Timer T1 Interrupt Enable for T1B Input capture edge
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T2CNTRL Register (Address X′00C6)
T2C3
T2C2
T2C1
T2C0
T2PNDA
T2ENA
T2PNDB
T2ENB
Bit 7
Bit 0
The T2CNTRL control register contains the following bits:
T2C3 Timer T2 mode control bit
T2C2 Timer T2 mode control bit
T2C1 Timer T2 mode control bit
T2C0 Timer T2 Start/Stop control in timer modes 1 and 2, T2 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in timer
mode 3
T2PNDA Timer T2 Interrupt Pending Flag (Autoreload RA in mode 1, T2 Underflow in mode 2, T2A capture
edge in mode 3)
T2ENA Timer T2 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T2A Input capture edge
T2PNDB Timer T2 Interrupt Pending Flag for T2B capture edge
T2ENB Timer T2 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T2B Input capture edge
T3CNTRL Register (Address X′00B6)
T3C3
Bit 7
T3C2
T3C1
T3C0
T3PNDA
T3ENA
T3PNDB
T3ENB
Bit 0
The T3CNTRL control register contains the following bits:
T3C3 Timer T3 mode control bit
T3C2 Timer T3 mode control bit
T3C1 Timer T3 mode control bit
T3C0 Timer T3 Start/Stop control in timer modes 1 and 2, T3 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in timer
mode 3
T3PNDA Timer T3 Interrupt Pending Flag (Autoreload RA in mode 1, T3 Underflow in mode 2, T3A capture
edge in mode 3)
T3ENA Timer T3 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T3A Input capture edge
T3PNDB Timer T3 Interrupt Pending Flag for T3B capture edge
T3ENB Timer T3 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T3B Input capture edge
Timers
Each device contains a very versatile set of timers (T0, T1, T2 and T3). Timer T1, T2 and T3 and associated
autoreload/capture registers power up containing random data.
TIMER T0 (IDLE TIMER)
Each device supports applications that require maintaining real time and low power with the IDLE mode. This
IDLE mode support is furnished by the IDLE timer T0. The Timer T0 runs continuously at the fixed rate of the
instruction cycle clock, tC. The user cannot read or write to the IDLE Timer T0, which is a count down timer.
The Timer T0 supports the following functions:
•
•
•
•
Exit out of the Idle Mode (See Idle Mode description)
WATCHDOG logic (See WATCHDOG description)
Start up delay out of the HALT mode
Timing the width of the internal power-on-reset
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The IDLE Timer T0 can generate an interrupt when the twelfth bit toggles. This toggle is latched into the T0PND
pending flag, and will occur every 2.731 ms at the maximum clock frequency (tC = 0.67 μs). A control flag T0EN
allows the interrupt from the twelfth bit of Timer T0 to be enabled or disabled. Setting T0EN will enable the
interrupt, while resetting it will disable the interrupt.
TIMER T1, TIMER T2 and TIMER T3
Each device have a set of three powerful timer/counter blocks, T1, T2 and T3. Since T1, T2, and T3 are
identical, all comments are equally applicable to any of the three timer blocks which will be referred to as Tx.
Each timer block consists of a 16-bit timer, Tx, and two supporting 16-bit autoreload/capture registers, RxA and
RxB. Each timer block has two pins associated with it, TxA and TxB. The pin TxA supports I/O required by the
timer block, while the pin TxB is an input to the timer block. The timer block has three operating modes:
Processor Independent PWM mode, External Event Counter mode, and Input Capture mode.
The control bits TxC3, TxC2, and TxC1 allow selection of the different modes of operation.
Mode 1. Processor Independent PWM Mode
One of the timer's operating modes is the Processor Independent PWM mode. In this mode, the timer generates
a “Processor Independent” PWM signal because once the timer is setup, no more action is required from the
CPU which translates to less software overhead and greater throughput. The user software services the timer
block only when the PWM parameters require updating. This capability is provided by the fact that the timer has
two separate 16-bit reload registers. One of the reload registers contains the “ON” timer while the other holds the
“OFF” time. By contrast, a microcontroller that has only a single reload register requires an additional software to
update the reload value (alternate between the on-time/off-time).
The timer can generate the PWM output with the width and duty cycle controlled by the values stored in the
reload registers. The reload registers control the countdown values and the reload values are automatically
written into the timer when it counts down through 0, generating interrupt on each reload. Under software control
and with minimal overhead, the PMW outputs are useful in controlling motors, triacs, the intensity of displays,
and in providing inputs for data acquisition and sine wave generators.
In this mode, the timer Tx counts down at a fixed rate of tC. Upon every underflow the timer is alternately
reloaded with the contents of supporting registers, RxA and RxB. The very first underflow of the timer causes the
timer to reload from the register RxA. Subsequent underflows cause the timer to be reloaded from the registers
alternately beginning with the register RxB.
Figure 24 shows a block diagram of the timer in PWM mode.
The underflows can be programmed to toggle the TxA output pin. The underflows can also be programmed to
generate interrupts.
Underflows from the timer are alternately latched into two pending flags, TxPNDA and TxPNDB. The user must
reset these pending flags under software control. Two control enable flags, TxENA and TxENB, allow the
interrupts from the timer underflow to be enabled or disabled. Setting the timer enable flag TxENA will cause an
interrupt when a timer underflow causes the RxA register to be reloaded into the timer. Setting the timer enable
flag TxENB will cause an interrupt when a timer underflow causes the RxB register to be reloaded into the timer.
Resetting the timer enable flags will disable the associated interrupts.
Either or both of the timer underflow interrupts may be enabled. This gives the user the flexibility of interrupting
once per PWM period on either the rising or falling edge of the PWM output. Alternatively, the user may choose
to interrupt on both edges of the PWM output.
Mode 2. External Event Counter Mode
This mode is quite similar to the processor independent PWM mode described above. The main difference is that
the timer, Tx, is clocked by the input signal from the TxA pin. The Tx timer control bits, TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1
allow the timer to be clocked either on a positive or negative edge from the TxA pin. Underflows from the timer
are latched into the TxPNDA pending flag. Setting the TxENA control flag will cause an interrupt when the timer
underflows.
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Figure 24. Timer in PWM Mode
In this mode the input pin TxB can be used as an independent positive edge sensitive interrupt input if the
TxENB control flag is set. The occurrence of a positive edge on the TxB input pin is latched into the TxPNDB
flag.
Figure 25 shows a block diagram of the timer in External Event Counter mode.
NOTE
The PWM output is not available in this mode since the TxA pin is being used as the
counter input clock.
Figure 25. Timer in External Event Counter Mode
Mode 3. Input Capture Mode
Each device can precisely measure external frequencies or time external events by placing the timer block, Tx, in
the input capture mode. In this mode, the reload registers serve as independent capture registers, capturing the
contents of the timer when an external event occurs (transition on the timer input pin). The capture registers can
be read while maintaining count, a feature that lets the user measure elapsed time and time between events. By
saving the timer value when the external event occurs, the time of the external event is recorded. Most
microcontrollers have a latency time because they cannot determine the timer value when the external event
occurs. The capture register eliminates the latency time, thereby allowing the applications program to retrieve the
timer value stored in the capture register.
In this mode, the timer Tx is constantly running at the fixed tC rate. The two registers, RxA and RxB, act as
capture registers. Each register acts in conjunction with a pin. The register RxA acts in conjunction with the TxA
pin and the register RxB acts in conjunction with the TxB pin.
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The timer value gets copied over into the register when a trigger event occurs on its corresponding pin. Control
bits, TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1, allow the trigger events to be specified either as a positive or a negative edge. The
trigger condition for each input pin can be specified independently.
The trigger conditions can also be programmed to generate interrupts. The occurrence of the specified trigger
condition on the TxA and TxB pins will be respectively latched into the pending flags, TxPNDA and TxPNDB. The
control flag TxENA allows the interrupt on TxA to be either enabled or disabled. Setting the TxENA flag enables
interrupts to be generated when the selected trigger condition occurs on the TxA pin. Similarly, the flag TxENB
controls the interrupts from the TxB pin.
Underflows from the timer can also be programmed to generate interrupts. Underflows are latched into the timer
TxC0 pending flag (the TxC0 control bit serves as the timer underflow interrupt pending flag in the Input Capture
mode). Consequently, the TxC0 control bit should be reset when entering the Input Capture mode. The timer
underflow interrupt is enabled with the TxENA control flag. When a TxA interrupt occurs in the Input Capture
mode, the user must check both the TxPNDA and TxC0 pending flags in order to determine whether a TxA input
capture or a timer underflow (or both) caused the interrupt.
Figure 26 shows a block diagram of the timer T1 in Input Capture mode. Timer T2 and T3 are identical to T1.
Figure 26. Timer in Input Capture Mode
TIMER CONTROL FLAGS
The control bits and their functions are summarized below.
TxC3 Timer mode control
TxC2 Timer mode control
TxC1 Timer mode control
TxC0 Timer Start/Stop control in Modes 1 and 2 (Processor Independent PWM and External Event Counter),
where 1 = Start, 0 = Stop
Timer Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in Mode 3 (Input Capture)
TxPNDA Timer Interrupt Pending Flag
TxENA Timer Interrupt Enable Flag
1 = Timer Interrupt Enabled
0 = Timer Interrupt Disabled
TxPNDB Timer Interrupt Pending Flag
TxENB Timer Interrupt Enable Flag
1 = Timer Interrupt Enabled
0 = Timer Interrupt Disabled
The timer mode control bits (TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1) are detailed below:
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Interrupt A
Source
Interrupt B
Source
Timer
Counts On
Mode
TxC3
TxC2
TxC1
Description
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
PWM: TxA Toggle
PWM: No TxA Toggle
External Event Counter
External Event Counter
Captures:
Autoreload RA
Autoreload RA
Timer Underflow
Timer Underflow
Pos. TxA Edge
or Timer
Autoreload RB
Autoreload RB
Pos. TxB Edge
Pos. TxB Edge
Pos. TxB Edge
tC
tC
1
Pos. TxA Edge
Pos. TxA Edge
tC
2
TxA Pos. Edge
TxB Pos. Edge
Captures:
Underflow
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
Pos. TxA
Neg. TxB
Edge
tC
tC
tC
TxA Pos. Edge
TxB Neg. Edge
Captures:
Edge or Timer
Underflow
3
Neg. TxA
Neg. TxB
Edge
TxA Neg. Edge
TxB Neg. Edge
Captures:
Edge or Timer
Underflow
Neg. TxA
Neg. TxB
Edge
TxA Neg. Edge
TxB Neg. Edge
Edge or Timer
Underflow
Power Saving Features
Today, the proliferation of battery-operated based applications has placed new demands on designers to drive
power consumption down. Battery-operated systems are not the only type of applications demanding low power.
The power budget constraints are also imposed on those consumer/industrial applications where well regulated
and expensive power supply costs cannot be tolerated. Such applications rely on low cost and low power supply
voltage derived directly from the “mains” by using voltage rectifier and passive components. Low power is
demanded even in automotive applications, due to increased vehicle electronics content. This is required to ease
the burden from the car battery. Low power 8-bit microcontrollers supply the smarts to control battery-operated,
consumer/industrial, and automotive applications.
Each device offers system designers a variety of low-power consumption features that enable them to meet the
demanding requirements of today's increasing range of low-power applications. These features include low
voltage operation, low current drain, and power saving features such as HALT, IDLE, and Multi-Input wakeup
(MIWU).
Each device offers the user two power save modes of operation: HALT and IDLE. In the HALT mode, all
microcontroller activities are stopped. In the IDLE mode, the on-board oscillator circuitry and timer T0 are active
but all other microcontroller activities are stopped. In either mode, all on-board RAM, registers, I/O states, and
timers (with the exception of T0) are unaltered.
Clock Monitor, if enabled, can be active in both modes.
HALT MODE
Each device can be placed in the HALT mode by writing a “1” to the HALT flag (G7 data bit). All microcontroller
activities, including the clock and timers, are stopped. The WATCHDOG logic on the devices are disabled during
the HALT mode. However, the clock monitor circuitry, if enabled, remains active and will cause the WATCHDOG
output pin (WDOUT) to go low. If the HALT mode is used and the user does not want to activate the WDOUT
pin, the Clock Monitor should be disabled after the devices come out of reset (resetting the Clock Monitor control
bit with the first write to the WDSVR register). In the HALT mode, the power requirements of the devices are
minimal and the applied voltage (VCC) may be decreased to Vr (Vr = 2.0V) without altering the state of the
machine.
Each device supports three different ways of exiting the HALT mode. The first method of exiting the HALT mode
is with the Multi-Input Wakeup feature on Port L. The second method is with a low to high transition on the CKO
(G7) pin. This method precludes the use of the crystal clock configuration (since CKO becomes a dedicated
output), and so may only be used with an R/C clock configuration. The third method of exiting the HALT mode is
by pulling the RESET pin low.
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On wakeup from G7 or Port L, the devices resume execution from the HALT point. On wakeup from RESET
execution will resume from location PC=0 and all RESET conditions apply.
If a crystal or ceramic resonator may be selected as the oscillator, the Wakeup signal is not allowed to start the
chip running immediately since crystal oscillators and ceramic resonators have a delayed start up time to reach
full amplitude and frequency stability. The IDLE timer is used to generate a fixed delay to ensure that the
oscillator has indeed stabilized before allowing instruction execution. In this case, upon detecting a valid Wakeup
signal, only the oscillator circuitry is enabled. The IDLE timer is loaded with a value of 256 and is clocked with
the tC instruction cycle clock. The tC clock is derived by dividing the oscillator clock down by a factor of 9. The
Schmitt trigger following the CKI inverter on the chip ensures that the IDLE timer is clocked only when the
oscillator has a sufficiently large amplitude to meet the Schmitt trigger specifications. This Schmitt trigger is not
part of the oscillator closed loop. The start-up time-out from the IDLE timer enables the clock signals to be routed
to the rest of the chip.
If an R/C clock option is being used, the fixed delay is introduced optionally. A control bit, CLKDLY, mapped as
configuration bit G7, controls whether the delay is to be introduced or not. The delay is included if CLKDLY is
set, and excluded if CLKDLY is reset. The CLKDLY bit is cleared on reset.
Each device has two options associated with the HALT mode. The first option enables the HALT mode feature,
while the second option disables the HALT mode selected through bit 0 of the ECON register. With the HALT
mode enable option, the device will enter and exit the HALT mode as described above. With the HALT disable
option, the device cannot be placed in the HALT mode (writing a “1” to the HALT flag will have no effect, the
HALT flag will remain “0”).
The WATCHDOG detector circuit is inhibited during the HALT mode. However, the clock monitor circuit if
enabled remains active during HALT mode in order to ensure a clock monitor error if the device inadvertently
enters the HALT mode as a result of a runaway program or power glitch.
If the device is placed in the HALT mode, with the R/C oscillator selected, the clock input pin (CKI) is forced to a
logic high internally. With the crystal or external oscillator the CKI pin is TRI-STATE.
It is recommended that the user not halt the device by merely stopping the clock in external oscillator mode. If
this method is used, there is a possibility of greater than specified HALT current.
If the user wishes to stop an external clock, it is recommended that the CPU be halted by setting the Halt flag
first and the clock be stopped only after the CPU has halted.
Figure 27. Wakeup from HALT
IDLE MODE
The device is placed in the IDLE mode by writing a “1” to the IDLE flag (G6 data bit). In this mode, all activities,
except the associated on-board oscillator circuitry and the IDLE Timer T0, are stopped.
As with the HALT mode, the device can be returned to normal operation with a reset, or with a Multi-Input
Wakeup from the L Port. Alternately, the microcontroller resumes normal operation from the IDLE mode when
the twelfth bit (representing 4.096 ms at internal clock frequency of 10 MHz, tC = 1 μs) of the IDLE Timer toggles.
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This toggle condition of the twelfth bit of the IDLE Timer T0 is latched into the T0PND pending flag.
The user has the option of being interrupted with a transition on the twelfth bit of the IDLE Timer T0. The
interrupt can be enabled or disabled via the T0EN control bit. Setting the T0EN flag enables the interrupt and
vice versa.
The user can enter the IDLE mode with the Timer T0 interrupt enabled. In this case, when the T0PND bit gets
set, the device will first execute the Timer T0 interrupt service routine and then return to the instruction following
the “Enter Idle Mode” instruction.
Alternatively, the user can enter the IDLE mode with the IDLE Timer T0 interrupt disabled. In this case, the
device will resume normal operation with the instruction immediately following the “Enter IDLE Mode” instruction.
NOTE
It is necessary to program two NOP instructions following both the set HALT mode and set
IDLE mode instructions. These NOP instructions are necessary to allow clock
resynchronization following the HALT or IDLE modes.
Figure 28. Wakeup from IDLE
MULTI-INPUT WAKEUP
The Multi-Input Wakeup feature is used to return (wakeup) the device from either the HALT or IDLE modes.
Alternately Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt feature may also be used to generate up to 8 edge selectable external
interrupts.
Figure 29 shows the Multi-Input Wakeup logic.
The Multi-Input Wakeup feature utilizes the L Port. The user selects which particular L port bit (or combination of
L Port bits) will cause the device to exit the HALT or IDLE modes. The selection is done through the register
WKEN. The register WKEN is an 8-bit read/write register, which contains a control bit for every L port bit. Setting
a particular WKEN bit enables a Wakeup from the associated L port pin.
The user can select whether the trigger condition on the selected L Port pin is going to be either a positive edge
(low to high transition) or a negative edge (high to low transition). This selection is made via the register
WKEDG, which is an 8-bit control register with a bit assigned to each L Port pin. Setting the control bit will select
the trigger condition to be a negative edge on that particular L Port pin. Resetting the bit selects the trigger
condition to be a positive edge. Changing an edge select entails several steps in order to avoid a Wakeup
condition as a result of the edge change. First, the associated WKEN bit should be reset, followed by the edge
select change in WKEDG. Next, the associated WKPND bit should be cleared, followed by the associated WKEN
bit being re-enabled.
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An example may serve to clarify this procedure. Suppose we wish to change the edge select from positive (low
going high) to negative (high going low) for L Port bit 5, where bit 5 has previously been enabled for an input
interrupt. The program would be as follows:
RBIT 5, WKEN
; Disable MIWU
SBIT 5, WKEDG ; Change edge polarity
RBIT 5, WKPND ; Reset pending flag
SBIT 5, WKEN
; Enable MIWU
If the L port bits have been used as outputs and then changed to inputs with Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt, a
safety procedure should also be followed to avoid wakeup conditions. After the selected L port bits have been
changed from output to input but before the associated WKEN bits are enabled, the associated edge select bits
in WKEDG should be set or reset for the desired edge selects, followed by the associated WKPND bits being
cleared.
This same procedure should be used following reset, since the L port inputs are left floating as a result of reset.
The occurrence of the selected trigger condition for Multi-Input Wakeup is latched into a pending register called
WKPND. The respective bits of the WKPND register will be set on the occurrence of the selected trigger edge on
the corresponding Port L pin. The user has the responsibility of clearing these pending flags. Since WKPND is a
pending register for the occurrence of selected wakeup conditions, the device will not enter the HALT mode if
any Wakeup bit is both enabled and pending. Consequently, the user must clear the pending flags before
attempting to enter the HALT mode.
WKEN and WKEDG are all read/write registers, and are cleared at reset. WKPND register contains random
value after reset.
Figure 29. Multi-Input Wake Up Logic
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USART
Each device contains a full-duplex software programmable USART. The USART (Figure 30) consists of a
transmit shift register, a receive shift register and seven addressable registers, as follows: a transmit buffer
register (TBUF), a receiver buffer register (RBUF), a USART control and status register (ENU), a USART receive
control and status register (ENUR), a USART interrupt and clock source register (ENUI), a prescaler select
register (PSR) and baud (BAUD) register. The ENU register contains flags for transmit and receive functions; this
register also determines the length of the data frame (7, 8 or 9 bits), the value of the ninth bit in transmission,
and parity selection bits. The ENUR register flags framing, data overrun and parity errors while the USART is
receiving.
Other functions of the ENUR register include saving the ninth bit received in the data frame, enabling or disabling
the USART's attention mode of operation and providing additional receiver/transmitter status information via
RCVG and XMTG bits. The determination of an internal or external clock source is done by the ENUI register, as
well as selecting the number of stop bits and enabling or disabling transmit and receive interrupts. A control flag
in this register can also select the USART mode of operation: asynchronous or synchronous.
Figure 30. USART Block Diagram
USART CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS
The operation of the USART is programmed through three registers: ENU, ENUR and ENUI.
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DESCRIPTION OF USART REGISTER BITS
ENU-USART Control and Status Register (Address at 0BA)
PEN
PSEL1
XBIT9/
PSEL0
CHL1
CHL0
ERR
RBFL
TBMT
Bit 0
Bit 7
PEN: This bit enables/disables Parity (7- and 8-bit modes only). Read/Write, cleared on reset.
PEN = 0 Parity disabled.
PEN = 1 Parity enabled.
PSEL1, PSEL0: Parity select bits. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
PSEL1 = 0, PSEL0 = 0 Odd Parity (if Parity enabled)
PSEL1 = 0, PSEL0 = 1 Even Parity (if Parity enabled)
PSEL1 = 1, PSEL0 = 0 Mark(1) (if Parity enabled)
PSEL1 = 1, PSEL0 = 1 Space(0) (if Parity enabled)
XBIT9/PSEL0: Programs the ninth bit for transmission when the USART is operating with nine data bits per
frame. For seven or eight data bits per frame, this bit in conjunction with PSEL1 selects parity. Read/Write,
cleared on reset.
CHL1, CHL0: These bits select the character frame format. Parity is not included and is generated/verified by
hardware. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
CHL1 = 0, CHL0 = 0 The frame contains eight data bits.
CHL1 = 0, CHL0 = 1 The frame contains seven data bits.
CHL1 = 1, CHL0 = 0 The frame contains nine data bits.
CHL1 = 1, CHL0 = 1 Loopback Mode selected. Transmitter output internally looped back to receiver input. Nine
bit framing format is used.
ERR: This bit is a global USART error flag which gets set if any or a combination of the errors (DOE, FE, PE)
occur. Read only; it cannot be written by software, cleared on reset.
RBFL: This bit is set when the USART has received a complete character and has copied it into the RBUF
register. It is automatically reset when software reads the character from RBUF. Read only; it cannot be written
by software, cleared on reset.
TBMT: This bit is set when the USART transfers a byte of data from the TBUF register into the TSFT register for
transmission. It is automatically reset when software writes into the TBUF register. Read only, bit is set to “one”
on reset; it cannot be written by software.
ENUR-USART Receive Control and Status Register
(Address at 0BB)
DOE
FE
PE
Reserved(1)
RBIT9
ATTN
XMTG
RCVG
Bit 7
Bit 0
(1) Bit is reserved for future use. User must set to zero.
DOE: Flags a Data Overrun Error. Read only, cleared on read, cleared on reset.
DOE = 0 Indicates no Data Overrun Error has been detected since the last time the ENUR register was read.
DOE = 1 Indicates the occurrence of a Data Overrun Error.
FE: Flags a Framing Error. Read only, cleared on read, cleared on reset.
FE = 0 Indicates no Framing Error has been detected since the last time the ENUR register was read.
FE = 1 Indicates the occurrence of a Framing Error.
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PE: Flags a Parity Error. Read only, cleared on read, cleared on reset.
PE = 0 Indicates no Parity Error has been detected since the last time the ENUR register was read.
PE = 1 Indicates the occurrence of a Parity Error.
SPARE: Reserved for future use. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
RBIT9: Contains the ninth data bit received when the USART is operating with nine data bits per frame. Read
only, cleared on reset.
ATTN: ATTENTION Mode is enabled while this bit is set. This bit is cleared automatically on receiving a
character with data bit nine set. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
XMTG: This bit is set to indicate that the USART is transmitting. It gets reset at the end of the last frame (end of
last Stop bit). Read only, cleared on reset.
RCVG: This bit is set high whenever a framing error occurs and goes low when RDX goes high. Read only,
cleared on reset.
ENUI-USART Interrupt and Clock Source Register
(Address at 0BC)
STP2
STP78
ETDX
SSEL
XRCLK
XTCLK
ERI
ETI
Bit 7
Bit 0
STP2: This bit programs the number of Stop bits to be transmitted. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
STP2 = 0 One Stop bit transmitted.
STP2 = 1 Two Stop bits transmitted.
STP78: This bit is set to program the last Stop bit to be 7/8th of a bit in length. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
ETDX: TDX (USART Transmit Pin) is the alternate function assigned to Port L pin L2; it is selected by setting
ETDX bit. To simulate line break generation, software should reset ETDX bit and output logic zero to TDX pin
through Port L data and configuration registers. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
SSEL: USART mode select. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
SSEL = 0 Asynchronous Mode.
SSEL = 1 Synchronous Mode.
XRCLK: This bit selects the clock source for the receiver section. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
XRCLK = 0 The clock source is selected through the PSR and BAUD registers.
XRCLK = 1 Signal on CKX (L1) pin is used as the clock.
XTCLK: This bit selects the clock source for the transmitter section. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
XTCLK = 0 The clock source is selected through the PSR and BAUD registers.
XTCLK = 1 Signal on CKX (L1) pin is used as the clock.
ERI: This bit enables/disables interrupt from the receiver section. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
ERI = 0 Interrupt from the receiver is disabled.
ERI = 1 Interrupt from the receiver is enabled.
ETI: This bit enables/disables interrupt from the transmitter section. Read/Write, cleared on reset.
ETI = 0 Interrupt from the transmitter is disabled.
ETI = 1 Interrupt from the transmitter is enabled.
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Associated I/O Pins
Data is transmitted on the TDX pin and received on the RDX pin. TDX is the alternate function assigned to Port L
pin L2; it is selected by setting ETDX (in the ENUI register) to one. RDX is an inherent function of Port L pin L3,
requiring no setup.
The baud rate clock for the USART can be generated on-chip, or can be taken from an external source. Port L
pin L1 (CKX) is the external clock I/O pin. The CKX pin can be either an input or an output, as determined by
Port L Configuration and Data registers (Bit 1). As an input, it accepts a clock signal which may be selected to
drive the transmitter and/or receiver. As an output, it presents the internal Baud Rate Generator output.
USART Operation
The USART has two modes of operation: asynchronous mode and synchronous mode.
ASYNCHRONOUS MODE
This mode is selected by resetting the SSEL (in the ENUI register) bit to zero. The input frequency to the USART
is 16 times the baud rate.
The TSFT and TBUF registers double-buffer data for transmission. While TSFT is shifting out the current
character on the TDX pin, the TBUF register may be loaded by software with the next byte to be transmitted.
When TSFT finishes transmitting the current character the contents of TBUF are transferred to the TSFT register
and the Transmit Buffer Empty Flag (TBMT in the ENU register) is set. The TBMT flag is automatically reset by
the USART when software loads a new character into the TBUF register. There is also the XMTG bit which is set
to indicate that the USART is transmitting. This bit gets reset at the end of the last frame (end of last Stop bit).
TBUF is a read/write register.
The RSFT and RBUF registers double-buffer data being received. The USART receiver continually monitors the
signal on the RDX pin for a low level to detect the beginning of a Start bit. Upon sensing this low level, it waits for
half a bit time and samples again. If the RDX pin is still low, the receiver considers this to be a valid Start bit, and
the remaining bits in the character frame are each sampled a single time, at the mid-bit position. Serial data input
on the RDX pin is shifted into the RSFT register. Upon receiving the complete character, the contents of the
RSFT register are copied into the RBUF register and the Received Buffer Full Flag (RBFL) is set. RBFL is
automatically reset when software reads the character from the RBUF register. RBUF is a read only register.
There is also the RCVG bit which is set high when a framing error occurs and goes low once RDX goes high.
TBMT, XMTG, RBFL and RCVG are read only bits.
SYNCHRONOUS MODE
In this mode data is transferred synchronously with the clock. Data is transmitted on the rising edge and received
on the falling edge of the synchronous clock.
This mode is selected by setting SSEL bit in the ENUI register. The input frequency to the USART is the same
as the baud rate.
When an external clock input is selected at the CKX pin, data transmit and receive are performed synchronously
with this clock through TDX/RDX pins.
If data transmit and receive are selected with the CKX pin as clock output, the device generates the synchronous
clock output at the CKX pin. The internal baud rate generator is used to produce the synchronous clock. Data
transmit and receive are performed synchronously with this clock.
FRAMING FORMATS
The USART supports several serial framing formats (Figure 31). The format is selected using control bits in the
ENU, ENUR and ENUI registers.
The first format (1, 1a, 1b, 1c) for data transmission (CHL0 = 1, CHL1 = 0) consists of Start bit, seven Data bits
(excluding parity) and 7/8, one or two Stop bits. In applications using parity, the parity bit is generated and
verified by hardware.
The second format (CHL0 = 0, CHL1 = 0) consists of one Start bit, eight Data bits (excluding parity) and 7/8, one
or two Stop bits. Parity bit is generated and verified by hardware.
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The third format for transmission (CHL0 = 0, CHL1 = 1) consists of one Start bit, nine Data bits and 7/8, one or
two Stop bits. This format also supports the USART “ATTENTION” feature. When operating in this format, all
eight bits of TBUF and RBUF are used for data. The ninth data bit is transmitted and received using two bits in
the ENU and ENUR registers, called XBIT9 and RBIT9. RBIT9 is a read only bit. Parity is not generated or
verified in this mode.
For any of the above framing formats, the last Stop bit can be programmed to be 7/8th of a bit in length. If two
Stop bits are selected and the 7/8th bit is set (selected), the second Stop bit will be 7/8th of a bit in length.
The parity is enabled/disabled by PEN bit located in the ENU register. Parity is selected for 7- and 8-bit modes
only. If parity is enabled (PEN = 1), the parity selection is then performed by PSEL0 and PSEL1 bits located in
the ENU register.
Note that the XBIT9/PSEL0 bit located in the ENU register serves two mutually exclusive functions. This bit
programs the ninth bit for transmission when the USART is operating with nine data bits per frame. There is no
parity selection in this framing format. For other framing formats XBIT9 is not needed and the bit is PSEL0 used
in conjunction with PSEL1 to select parity.
The frame formats for the receiver differ from the transmitter in the number of Stop bits required. The receiver
only requires one Stop bit in a frame, regardless of the setting of the Stop bit selection bits in the control register.
Note that an implicit assumption is made for full duplex USART operation that the framing formats are the same
for the transmitter and receiver.
Figure 31. Framing Formats
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USART INTERRUPTS
The USART is capable of generating interrupts. Interrupts are generated on Receive Buffer Full and Transmit
Buffer Empty. Both interrupts have individual interrupt vectors. Two bytes of program memory space are
reserved for each interrupt vector. The two vectors are located at addresses 0xEC to 0xEF Hex in the program
memory space. The interrupts can be individually enabled or disabled using Enable Transmit Interrupt (ETI) and
Enable Receive Interrupt (ERI) bits in the ENUI register.
The interrupt from the Transmitter is set pending, and remains pending, as long as both the TBMT and ETI bits
are set. To remove this interrupt, software must either clear the ETI bit or write to the TBUF register (thus
clearing the TBMT bit).
The interrupt from the receiver is set pending, and remains pending, as long as both the RBFL and ERI bits are
set. To remove this interrupt, software must either clear the ERI bit or read from the RBUF register (thus clearing
the RBFL bit).
Baud Clock Generation
The clock inputs to the transmitter and receiver sections of the USART can be individually selected to come
either from an external source at the CKX pin (port L, pin L1) or from a source selected in the PSR and BAUD
registers. Internally, the basic baud clock is created from the oscillator frequency through a two-stage divider
chain consisting of a 1–16 (increments of 0.5) prescaler and an 11-bit binary counter. (Figure 32). The divide
factors are specified through two read/write registers shown in Figure 33. Note that the 11-bit Baud Rate Divisor
spills over into the Prescaler Select Register (PSR). PSR is cleared upon reset.
As shown in Table 6, a Prescaler Factor of 0 corresponds to NO CLOCK. This condition is the USART power
down mode where the USART clock is turned off for power saving purpose. The user must also turn the USART
clock off when a different baud rate is chosen.
The correspondences between the 5-bit Prescaler Select and Prescaler factors are shown in Table 6. There are
many ways to calculate the two divisor factors, but one particularly effective method would be to achieve a
1.8432 MHz frequency coming out of the first stage. The 1.8432 MHz prescaler output is then used to drive the
software programmable baud rate counter to create a 16x clock for the following baud rates: 110, 134.5, 150,
300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600, 4800, 7200, 9600, 19200 and 38400 (Table 5). Other baud rates may be
created by using appropriate divisors. The 16x clock is then divided by 16 to provide the rate for the serial shift
registers of the transmitter and receiver.
Figure 32. USART BAUD Clock Generation
Figure 33. USART BAUD Clock Divisor Registers
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Table 5. Baud Rate Divisors
(1.8432 MHz Prescaler Output)(1)
Baud
Rate
Baud Rate
Divisor − 1 (N-1)
110 (110.03)
134.5 (134.58)
150
1046
855
767
383
191
95
300
600
1200
1800
63
2400
47
3600
31
4800
23
7200
15
9600
11
19200
38400
5
2
(1) The entries in Table 5 assume a prescaler output of 1.8432 MHz. In
the asynchronous mode the baud rate could be as high as 987.5k.
Table 6. Prescaler Factors
Prescaler
Select
Prescaler
Factor
00000
00001
00010
00011
00100
00101
00110
00111
01000
01001
01010
01011
01100
01101
01110
01111
10000
10001
10010
10011
10100
10101
10110
10111
11000
11001
NO CLOCK
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
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Table 6. Prescaler Factors (continued)
Prescaler
Prescaler
Factor
Select
11010
11011
11100
11101
11110
11111
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
As an example, considering Asynchronous Mode and a CKI clock of 4.608 MHz, the prescaler factor selected is:
4.608/1.8432 = 2.5
(1)
The 2.5 entry is available in Table 6. The 1.8432 MHz prescaler output is then used with proper Baud Rate
Divisor (Table 5) to obtain different baud rates. For a baud rate of 19200 e.g., the entry in Table 5 is 5.
N − 1 = 5 (N − 1 is the value from Table 5)
N = 6 (N is the Baud Rate Divisor)
Baud Rate = 1.8432 MHz/(16 × 6) = 19200
(2)
The divide by 16 is performed because in the asynchronous mode, the input frequency to the USART is 16 times
the baud rate. The equation to calculate baud rates is given below.
The actual Baud Rate may be found from:
BR = Fc/(16 × N × P)
(3)
Where:
BR is the Baud Rate
Fc is the CKI frequency
N is the Baud Rate Divisor (Table 5).
P is the Prescaler Divide Factor selected by the value in the Prescaler Select Register (Table 6)
NOTE
In the Synchronous Mode, the divisor 16 is replaced by two.
Example:
Asynchronous Mode:
Crystal Frequency = 5 MHz
Desired baud rate = 9600
Using the above equation N × P can be calculated first.
N × P = (5 × 106)/(16 × 9600) = 32.552
(4)
Now 32.552 is divided by each Prescaler Factor (Table 6) to obtain a value closest to an integer. This factor
happens to be 6.5 (P = 6.5).
N = 32.552/6.5 = 5.008 (N = 5)
(5)
The programmed value (from Table 5) should be 4 (N − 1).
Using the above values calculated for N and P:
BR = (5 × 106)/(16 × 5 × 6.5) = 9615.384
(6)
(7)
% error = (9615.385 − 9600)/9600 x 100 = 0.16%
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Effect of HALT/IDLE
The USART logic is reinitialized when either the HALT or IDLE modes are entered. This reinitialization sets the
TBMT flag and resets all read only bits in the USART control and status registers. Read/Write bits remain
unchanged. The Transmit Buffer (TBUF) is not affected, but the Transmit Shift register (TSFT) bits are set to
one. The receiver registers RBUF and RSFT are not affected.
The device will exit from the HALT/IDLE modes when the Start bit of a character is detected at the RDX (L3) pin.
This feature is obtained by using the Multi-Input Wakeup scheme provided on the device.
Before entering the HALT or IDLE modes the user program must select the Wakeup source to be on the RDX
pin. This selection is done by setting bit 3 of WKEN (Wakeup Enable) register. The Wakeup trigger condition is
then selected to be high to low transition. This is done via the WKEDG register (Bit 3 is one.)
If the device is halted and crystal oscillator is used, the Wakeup signal will not start the chip running immediately
because of the finite start up time requirement of the crystal oscillator. The idle timer (T0) generates a fixed (256
tc) delay to ensure that the oscillator has indeed stabilized before allowing the device to execute code. The user
has to consider this delay when data transfer is expected immediately after exiting the HALT mode.
Diagnostic
Bits CHARL0 and CHARL1 in the ENU register provide a loopback feature for diagnostic testing of the USART.
When these bits are set to one, the following occur: The receiver input pin (RDX) is internally connected to the
transmitter output pin (TDX); the output of the Transmitter Shift Register is “looped back” into the Receive Shift
Register input. In this mode, data that is transmitted is immediately received. This feature allows the processor to
verify the transmit and receive data paths of the USART.
Note that the framing format for this mode is the nine bit format; one Start bit, nine data bits, and 7/8, one or two
Stop bits. Parity is not generated or verified in this mode.
Attention Mode
The USART Receiver section supports an alternate mode of operation, referred to as ATTENTION Mode. This
mode of operation is selected by the ATTN bit in the ENUR register. The data format for transmission must also
be selected as having nine Data bits and either 7/8, one or two Stop bits.
The ATTENTION mode of operation is intended for use in networking the device with other processors. Typically
in such environments the messages consists of device addresses, indicating which of several destinations should
receive them, and the actual data. This Mode supports a scheme in which addresses are flagged by having the
ninth bit of the data field set to a 1. If the ninth bit is reset to a zero the byte is a Data byte.
While in ATTENTION mode, the USART monitors the communication flow, but ignores all characters until an
address character is received. Upon receiving an address character, the USART signals that the character is
ready by setting the RBFL flag, which in turn interrupts the processor if USART Receiver interrupts are enabled.
The ATTN bit is also cleared automatically at this point, so that data characters as well as address characters
are recognized. Software examines the contents of the RBUF and responds by deciding either to accept the
subsequent data stream (by leaving the ATTN bit reset) or to wait until the next address character is seen (by
setting the ATTN bit again).
Operation of the USART Transmitter is not affected by selection of this Mode. The value of the ninth bit to be
transmitted is programmed by setting XBIT9 appropriately. The value of the ninth bit received is obtained by
reading RBIT9. Since this bit is located in ENUR register where the error flags reside, a bit operation on it will
reset the error flags.
Comparators
The device contains two differential comparators, each with a pair of inputs (positive and negative) and an
output. Ports F1–F3 and F4–F6 are used for the comparators. The following is the Port F assignment:
F6 Comparator2 output
F5 Comparator2 positive input
F4 Comparator2 negative input
F3 Comparator1 output
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F2 Comparator1 positive input
F1 Comparator1 negative input
A Comparator Select Register (CMPSL) is used to enable the comparators, read the outputs of the comparators
internally, and enable the outputs of the comparators to the pins. Two control bits (enable and output enable) and
one result bit are associated with each comparator. The comparator result bits (CMP1RD and CMP2RD) are
read only bits which will read as zero if the associated comparator is not enabled. The Comparator Select
Register is cleared with reset, resulting in the comparators being disabled. The comparators should also be
disabled before entering either the HALT or IDLE modes in order to save power. The configuration of the CMPSL
register is as follows:
CMPSL REGISTER (ADDRESS X'00B7)
Reserved
Bit 7
CMP20E
CMP2RD
CMP2EN
CMP10E
CMP1RD
CMP1EN
Reserved
Bit 0
The CMPSL register contains the following bits:
Reserved These bits are reserved and must be zero
CMP20E Selects pin I6 as comparator 2 output provided that CMP2EN is set to enable the comparator
CMP2RD Comparator 2 result (this is a read only bit, which will read as 0 if the comparator is not enabled)
CMP2EN Enable comparator 2
CMP10E Selects pin I3 as comparator 1 output provided that CMPIEN is set to enable the comparator
CMP1RD Comparator 1 result (this is a read only bit, which will read as 0 if the comparator is not enabled)
CMP1EN Enable comparator 1
Note that the two unused bits of CMPSL may be used as software flags.
Note: If the user attempts to use the comparator output immediately after enabling the comparator, an incorrect
value may be read. At least one instruction cycle should pass between these operations. The use of a direct
addressing mode instruction for either of these two operations will ensure this delay in the software.
NOTE
For compatibility with existing code and with existing Mask ROMMed devices the bits of
the CMPSL register will take precedence over the associated Port F configuration and
data output bits.
Interrupts
INTRODUCTION
Each device supports thirteen vectored interrupts. Interrupt sources include Timer 0, Timer 1, Timer 2, Timer 3,
Port L Wakeup, Software Trap, MICROWIRE/PLUS, and External Input.
All interrupts force a branch to location 00FF Hex in program memory. The VIS instruction may be used to vector
to the appropriate service routine from location 00FF Hex.
The Software trap has the highest priority while the default VIS has the lowest priority.
Each of the 13 maskable inputs has a fixed arbitration ranking and vector.
Figure 34 shows the Interrupt Block Diagram.
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Figure 34. Interrupt Block Diagram
MASKABLE INTERRUPTS
All interrupts other than the Software Trap are maskable. Each maskable interrupt has an associated enable bit
and pending flag bit. The pending bit is set to 1 when the interrupt condition occurs. The state of the interrupt
enable bit, combined with the GIE bit determines whether an active pending flag actually triggers an interrupt. All
of the maskable interrupt pending and enable bits are contained in mapped control registers, and thus can be
controlled by the software.
A maskable interrupt condition triggers an interrupt under the following conditions:
1. The enable bit associated with that interrupt is set.
2. The GIE bit is set.
3. The device is not processing a non-maskable interrupt. (If a non-maskable interrupt is being serviced, a
maskable interrupt must wait until that service routine is completed.)
An interrupt is triggered only when all of these conditions are met at the beginning of an instruction. If different
maskable interrupts meet these conditions simultaneously, the highest priority interrupt will be serviced first, and
the other pending interrupts must wait.
Upon Reset, all pending bits, individual enable bits, and the GIE bit are reset to zero. Thus, a maskable interrupt
condition cannot trigger an interrupt until the program enables it by setting both the GIE bit and the individual
enable bit. When enabling an interrupt, the user should consider whether or not a previously activated (set)
pending bit should be acknowledged. If, at the time an interrupt is enabled, any previous occurrences of the
interrupt should be ignored, the associated pending bit must be reset to zero prior to enabling the interrupt.
Otherwise, the interrupt may be simply enabled; if the pending bit is already set, it will immediately trigger an
interrupt. A maskable interrupt is active if its associated enable and pending bits are set.
An interrupt is an asychronous event which may occur before, during, or after an instruction cycle. Any interrupt
which occurs during the execution of an instruction is not acknowledged until the start of the next normally
executed instruction is to be skipped, the skip is performed before the pending interrupt is acknowledged.
At the start of interrupt acknowledgment, the following actions occur:
1. The GIE bit is automatically reset to zero, preventing any subsequent maskable interrupt from interrupting
the current service routine. This feature prevents one maskable interrupt from interrupting another one being
serviced.
2. The address of the instruction about to be executed is pushed onto the stack.
3. The program counter (PC) is loaded with 00FF Hex, causing a jump to that program memory location.
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The device requires seven instruction cycles to perform the actions listed above.
If the user wishes to allow nested interrupts, the interrupts service routine may set the GIE bit to 1 by writing to
the PSW register, and thus allow other maskable interrupts to interrupt the current service routine. If nested
interrupts are allowed, caution must be exercised. The user must write the program in such a way as to prevent
stack overflow, loss of saved context information, and other unwanted conditions.
The interrupt service routine stored at location 00FF Hex should use the VIS instruction to determine the cause
of the interrupt, and jump to the interrupt handling routine corresponding to the highest priority enabled and
active interrupt. Alternately, the user may choose to poll all interrupt pending and enable bits to determine the
source(s) of the interrupt. If more than one interrupt is active, the user's program must decide which interrupt to
service.
Within a specific interrupt service routine, the associated pending bit should be cleared. This is typically done as
early as possible in the service routine in order to avoid missing the next occurrence of the same type of interrupt
event. Thus, if the same event occurs a second time, even while the first occurrence is still being serviced, the
second occurrence will be serviced immediately upon return from the current interrupt routine.
An interrupt service routine typically ends with an RETI instruction. This instruction sets the GIE bit back to 1,
pops the address stored on the stack, and restores that address to the program counter. Program execution then
proceeds with the next instruction that would have been executed had there been no interrupt. If there are any
valid interrupts pending, the highest-priority interrupt is serviced immediately upon return from the previous
interrupt.
VIS INSTRUCTION
The general interrupt service routine, which starts at address 00FF Hex, must be capable of handling all types of
interrupts. The VIS instruction, together with an interrupt vector table, directs the device to the specific interrupt
handling routine based on the cause of the interrupt.
VIS is a single-byte instruction, typically used at the very beginning of the general interrupt service routine at
address 00FF Hex, or shortly after that point, just after the code used for context switching. The VIS instruction
determines which enabled and pending interrupt has the highest priority, and causes an indirect jump to the
address corresponding to that interrupt source. The jump addresses (vectors) for all possible interrupts sources
are stored in a vector table.
The vector table may be as long as 32 bytes (maximum of 16 vectors) and resides at the top of the 256-byte
block containing the VIS instruction. However, if the VIS instruction is at the very top of a 256-byte block (such as
at 00FF Hex), the vector table resides at the top of the next 256-byte block. Thus, if the VIS instruction is located
somewhere between 00FF and 01DF Hex (the usual case), the vector table is located between addresses 01E0
and 01FF Hex. If the VIS instruction is located between 01FF and 02DF Hex, then the vector table is located
between addresses 02E0 and 02FF Hex, and so on.
Each vector is 15 bits long and points to the beginning of a specific interrupt service routine somewhere in the
32 kbyte memory space. Each vector occupies two bytes of the vector table, with the higher-order byte at the
lower address. The vectors are arranged in order of interrupt priority. The vector of the maskable interrupt with
the lowest rank is located to 0yE0 (higher-order byte) and 0yE1 (lower-order byte). The next priority interrupt is
located at 0yE2 and 0yE3, and so forth in increasing rank. The Software Trap has the highest rank and its vector
is always located at 0yFE and 0yFF. The number of interrupts which can become active defines the size of the
table.
Table 7 shows the types of interrupts, the interrupt arbitration ranking, and the locations of the corresponding
vectors in the vector table.
The vector table should be filled by the user with the memory locations of the specific interrupt service routines.
For example, if the Software Trap routine is located at 0310 Hex, then the vector location 0yFE and -0yFF should
contain the data 03 and 10 Hex, respectively. When a Software Trap interrupt occurs and the VIS instruction is
executed, the program jumps to the address specified in the vector table.
The interrupt sources in the vector table are listed in order of rank, from highest to lowest priority. If two or more
enabled and pending interrupts are detected at the same time, the one with the highest priority is serviced first.
Upon return from the interrupt service routine, the next highest-level pending interrupt is serviced.
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If the VIS instruction is executed, but no interrupts are enabled and pending, the lowest-priority interrupt vector is
used, and a jump is made to the corresponding address in the vector table. This is an unusual occurrence, and
may be the result of an error. It can legitimately result from a change in the enable bits or pending flags prior to
the execution of the VIS instruction, such as executing a single cycle instruction which clears an enable flag at
the same time that the pending flag is set. It can also result, however, from inadvertent execution of the VIS
command outside of the context of an interrupt.
The default VIS interrupt vector can be useful for applications in which time critical interrupts can occur during
the servicing of another interrupt. Rather than restoring the program context (A, B, X, etc.) and executing the
RETI instruction, an interrupt service routine can be terminated by returning to the VIS instruction. In this case,
interrupts will be serviced in turn until no further interrupts are pending and the default VIS routine is started.
After testing the GIE bit to ensure that execution is not erroneous, the routine should restore the program context
and execute the RETI to return to the interrupted program.
This technique can save up to fifty instruction cycles (tc), or more, (50µs at 10 MHz oscillator) of latency for
pending interrupts with a penalty of fewer than ten instruction cycles if no further interrupts are pending.
To ensure reliable operation, the user should always use the VIS instruction to determine the source of an
interrupt. Although it is possible to poll the pending bits to detect the source of an interrupt, this practice is not
recommended. The use of polling allows the standard arbitration ranking to be altered, but the reliability of the
interrupt system is compromised. The polling routine must individually test the enable and pending bits of each
maskable interrupt. If a Software Trap interrupt should occur, it will be serviced last, even though it should have
the highest priority. Under certain conditions, a Software Trap could be triggered but not serviced, resulting in an
inadvertent “locking out” of all maskable interrupts by the Software Trap pending flag. Problems such as this can
be avoided by using VIS instruction.
Table 7. Interrupt Vector Table
Vector Address(1)
(Hi-Low Byte)
Arbitration Ranking
Source
Description
INTR Instruction
(1) Highest
(2)
Software
Reserved
External
Timer T0
Timer T1
Timer T1
0yFE–0yFF
0yFC–0yFD
0yFA–0yFB
0yF8–0yF9
0yF6–0yF7
0yF4–0yF5
0yF2–0yF3
0yF0–0yF1
0yEE–0yEF
0yEC–0yED
0yEA–0yEB
0yE8–0yE9
0yE6–0yE7
0yE4–0yE5
0yE2–0yE3
0yE0–0yE1
(3)
G0
(4)
Underflow
T1A/Underflow
T1B
(5)
(6)
(7)
MICROWIRE/PLUS
Reserved
BUSY Low
(8)
(9)
USART
Receive
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16) Lowest
USART
Transmit
T2A/Underflow
T2B
Timer T2
Timer T2
Timer T3
T2A/Underflow
T3B
Timer T3
Port L/Wakeup
Default VIS
Port L Edge
Reserved
(1) y is a variable which represents the VIS block. VIS and the vector table must be located in the same 256-byte block except if VIS is
located at the last address of a block. In this case, the table must be in the next block.
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VIS Execution
When the VIS instruction is executed it activates the arbitration logic. The arbitration logic generates an even
number between E0 and FE (E0, E2, E4, E6 etc...) depending on which active interrupt has the highest
arbitration ranking at the time of the 1st cycle of VIS is executed. For example, if the software trap interrupt is
active, FE is generated. If the external interrupt is active and the software trap interrupt is not, then FA is
generated and so forth. If the only active interrupt is software trap, than E0 is generated. This number replaces
the lower byte of the PC. The upper byte of the PC remains unchanged. The new PC is therefore pointing to the
vector of the active interrupt with the highest arbitration ranking. This vector is read from program memory and
placed into the PC which is now pointed to the 1st instruction of the service routine of the active interrupt with the
highest arbitration ranking.
Figure 35 illustrates the different steps performed by the VIS instruction. Figure 36 shows a flowchart for the VIS
instruction.
The non-maskable interrupt pending flag is cleared by the RPND (Reset Non-Maskable Pending Bit) instruction
(under certain conditions) and upon RESET.
Figure 35. VIS Operation
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Figure 36. VIS Flowchart
Programming Example: External Interrupt
PSW
CNTRL
RBIT
RBIT
SBIT
SBIT
SBIT
JP
=00EF
=00EE
0,PORTGC
0,PORTGD
IEDG, CNTRL
EXEN, PSW
GIE, PSW
WAIT
; G0 pin configured Hi-Z
; Ext interrupt polarity; falling edge
; Enable the external interrupt
; Set the GIE bit
WAIT:
; Wait for external interrupt
.
.
.
.=0FF
VIS
; The interrupt causes a
; branch to address 0FF
; The VIS causes a branch to
;interrupt vector table
.
.
.
.=01FA
.ADDRW SERVICE
; Vector table (within 256 byte
; of VIS inst.) containing the ext
; interrupt service routine
.
.
INT_EXIT:
SERVICE:
RETI
.
.
RBIT
EXPND, PSW
; Interrupt Service Routine
; Reset ext interrupt pend. bit
.
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.
.
JP
INT_EXIT
; Return, set the GIE bit
NON-MASKABLE INTERRUPT
Pending Flag
There is a pending flag bit associated with the non-maskable interrupt, called STPND. This pending flag is not
memory-mapped and cannot be accessed directly by the software.
The pending flag is reset to zero when a device Reset occurs. When the non-maskable interrupt occurs, the
associated pending bit is set to 1. The interrupt service routine should contain an RPND instruction to reset the
pending flag to zero. The RPND instruction always resets the STPND flag.
Software Trap
The Software Trap is a special kind of non-maskable interrupt which occurs when the INTR instruction (used to
acknowledge interrupts) is fetched from program memory and placed in the instruction register. This can happen
in a variety of ways, usually because of an error condition. Some examples of causes are listed below.
If the program counter incorrectly points to a memory location beyond the available program memory space, the
non-existent or unused memory location returns zeroes which is interpreted as the INTR instruction.
If the stack is popped beyond the allowed limit (address 06F Hex), a 7FFF will be loaded into the PC, if this last
location in program memory is unprogrammed or unavailable, a Software Trap will be triggered.
A Software Trap can be triggered by a temporary hardware condition such as a brownout or power supply glitch.
The Software Trap has the highest priority of all interrupts. When a Software Trap occurs, the STPND bit is set.
The GIE bit is not affected and the pending bit (not accessible by the user) is used to inhibit other interrupts and
to direct the program to the ST service routine with the VIS instruction. Nothing can interrupt a Software Trap
service routine except for another Software Trap. The STPND can be reset only by the RPND instruction or a
chip Reset.
The Software Trap indicates an unusual or unknown error condition. Generally, returning to normal execution at
the point where the Software Trap occurred cannot be done reliably. Therefore, the Software Trap service routine
should reinitialize the stack pointer and perform a recovery procedure that restarts the software at some known
point, similar to a device Reset, but not necessarily performing all the same functions as a device Reset. The
routine must also execute the RPND instruction to reset the STPND flag. Otherwise, all other interrupts will be
locked out. To the extent possible, the interrupt routine should record or indicate the context of the device so that
the cause of the Software Trap can be determined.
If the user wishes to return to normal execution from the point at which the Software Trap was triggered, the user
must first execute RPND, followed by RETSK rather than RETI or RET. This is because the return address
stored on the stack is the address of the INTR instruction that triggered the interrupt. The program must skip that
instruction in order to proceed with the next one. Otherwise, an infinite loop of Software Traps and returns will
occur.
Programming a return to normal execution requires careful consideration. If the Software Trap routine is
interrupted by another Software Trap, the RPND instruction in the service routine for the second Software Trap
will reset the STPND flag; upon return to the first Software Trap routine, the STPND flag will have the wrong
state. This will allow maskable interrupts to be acknowledged during the servicing of the first Software Trap. To
avoid problems such as this, the user program should contain the Software Trap routine to perform a recovery
procedure rather than a return to normal execution.
Under normal conditions, the STPND flag is reset by a RPND instruction in the Software Trap service routine. If a
programming error or hardware condition (brownout, power supply glitch, etc.) sets the STPND flag without
providing a way for it to be cleared, all other interrupts will be locked out. To alleviate this condition, the user can
use extra RPND instructions in the main program and in the WATCHDOG service routine (if present). There is
no harm in executing extra RPND instructions in these parts of the program.
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PORT L INTERRUPTS
Port L provides the user with an additional eight fully selectable, edge sensitive interrupts which are all vectored
into the same service subroutine.
The interrupt from Port L shares logic with the wake up circuitry. The register WKEN allows interrupts from Port L
to be individually enabled or disabled. The register WKEDG specifies the trigger condition to be either a positive
or a negative edge. Finally, the register WKPND latches in the pending trigger conditions.
The GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit enables the interrupt function.
A control flag, LPEN, functions as a global interrupt enable for Port L interrupts. Setting the LPEN flag will enable
interrupts and vice versa. A separate global pending flag is not needed since the register WKPND is adequate.
Since Port L is also used for waking the device out of the HALT or IDLE modes, the user can elect to exit the
HALT or IDLE modes either with or without the interrupt enabled. If he elects to disable the interrupt, then the
device will restart execution from the instruction immediately following the instruction that placed the
microcontroller in the HALT or IDLE modes. In the other case, the device will first execute the interrupt service
routine and then revert to normal operation. (See HALT MODE for clock option wakeup information.)
INTERRUPT SUMMARY
The device uses the following types of interrupts, listed below in order of priority:
1. The Software Trap non-maskable interrupt, triggered by the INTR (00 opcode) instruction. The Software Trap
is acknowledged immediately. This interrupt service routine can be interrupted only by another Software
Trap. The Software Trap should end with two RPND instructions followed by a restart procedure.
2. Maskable interrupts, triggered by an on-chip peripheral block or an external device connected to the device.
Under ordinary conditions, a maskable interrupt will not interrupt any other interrupt routine in progress. A
maskable interrupt routine in progress can be interrupted by the non-maskable interrupt request. A maskable
interrupt routine should end with an RETI instruction or, prior to restoring context, should return to execute
the VIS instruction. This is particularly useful when exiting long interrupt service routiness if the time between
interrupts is short. In this case the RETI instruction would only be executed when the default VIS routine is
reached.
WATCHDOG/Clock Monitor
Each device contains a user selectable WATCHDOG and clock monitor. The following section is applicable only
if WATCHDOG feature has been selected in the ECON register. The WATCHDOG is designed to detect the user
program getting stuck in infinite loops resulting in loss of program control or “runaway” programs.
The WATCHDOG logic contains two separate service windows. While the user programmable upper window
selects the WATCHDOG service time, the lower window provides protection against an infinite program loop that
contains the WATCHDOG service instruction.
The Clock Monitor is used to detect the absence of a clock or a very slow clock below a specified rate on the CKI
pin.
The WATCHDOG consists of two independent logic blocks: WD UPPER and WD LOWER. WD UPPER
establishes the upper limit on the service window and WD LOWER defines the lower limit of the service window.
Servicing the WATCHDOG consists of writing a specific value to a WATCHDOG Service Register named
WDSVR which is memory mapped in the RAM. This value is composed of three fields, consisting of a 2-bit
Window Select, a 5-bit Key Data field, and the 1-bit Clock Monitor Select field. Table 8 shows the WDSVR
register.
Table 8. WATCHDOG Service Register (WDSVR)
Window Select
Key Data
Clock Monitor
X
7
X
6
0
5
1
4
1
3
0
2
0
1
Y
0
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The lower limit of the service window is fixed at 2048 instruction cycles. Bits 7 and 6 of the WDSVR register
allow the user to pick an upper limit of the service window.
Table 9 shows the four possible combinations of lower and upper limits for the WATCHDOG service window.
This flexibility in choosing the WATCHDOG service window prevents any undue burden on the user software.
Bits 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 of the WDSVR register represent the 5-bit Key Data field. The key data is fixed at 01100. Bit
0 of the WDSVR Register is the Clock Monitor Select bit.
Table 9. WATCHDOG Service Window Select
WDSVR
WDSVR
Clock
Service Window
Bit 7
Bit 6
Monitor
(Lower-Upper Limits)
0
0
1
1
x
x
0
1
0
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
1
2048–8k tC Cycles
2048–16k tC Cycles
2048–32k tC Cycles
2048–64k tC Cycles
Clock Monitor Disabled
Clock Monitor Enabled
CLOCK MONITOR
The Clock Monitor aboard the device can be selected or deselected under program control. The Clock Monitor is
ensured not to reject the clock if the instruction cycle clock (1/tC) is greater or equal to 10 kHz. This equates to a
clock input rate on CKI of greater or equal to 100 kHz.
WATCHDOG/CLOCK MONITOR OPERATION
The WATCHDOG is enabled by bit 2 of the ECON register. When this ECON bit is 0, the WATCHDOG is
enabled and pin G1 becomes the WATCHDOG output with a weak pullup.
The WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor are disabled during reset. The device comes out of reset with the
WATCHDOG armed, the WATCHDOG Window Select bits (bits 6, 7 of the WDSVR Register) set, and the Clock
Monitor bit (bit 0 of the WDSVR Register) enabled. Thus, a Clock Monitor error will occur after coming out of
reset, if the instruction cycle clock frequency has not reached a minimum specified value, including the case
where the oscillator fails to start.
The WDSVR register can be written to only once after reset and the key data (bits 5 through 1 of the WDSVR
Register) must match to be a valid write. This write to the WDSVR register involves two irrevocable choices: (i)
the selection of the WATCHDOG service window (ii) enabling or disabling of the Clock Monitor. Hence, the first
write to WDSVR Register involves selecting or deselecting the Clock Monitor, select the WATCHDOG service
window and match the WATCHDOG key data. Subsequent writes to the WDSVR register will compare the value
being written by the user to the WATCHDOG service window value and the key data (bits 7 through 1) in the
WDSVR Register. Table 10 shows the sequence of events that can occur.
The user must service the WATCHDOG at least once before the upper limit of the service window expires. The
WATCHDOG may not be serviced more than once in every lower limit of the service window.
The WATCHDOG has an output pin associated with it. This is the WDOUT pin, on pin 1 of the port G. WDOUT is
active low and must be externally connected to the RESET pin or to some other external logic which handles
WATCHDOG event. The WDOUT pin has a weak pullup in the inactive state. This pull-up is sufficient to serve as
the connection to VCC for systems which use the internal Power On Reset. Upon triggering the WATCHDOG, the
logic will pull the WDOUT (G1) pin low for an additional 16 tC–32 tC cycles after the signal level on WDOUT pin
goes below the lower Schmitt trigger threshold. After this delay, the device will stop forcing the WDOUT output
low. The WATCHDOG service window will restart when the WDOUT pin goes high.
A WATCHDOG service while the WDOUT signal is active will be ignored. The state of the WDOUT pin is not
ensured on reset, but if it powers up low then the WATCHDOG will time out and WDOUT will go high.
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The Clock Monitor forces the G1 pin low upon detecting a clock frequency error. The Clock Monitor error will
continue until the clock frequency has reached the minimum specified value, after which the G1 output will go
high following 16 tC–32 tC clock cycles. The Clock Monitor generates a continual Clock Monitor error if the
oscillator fails to start, or fails to reach the minimum specified frequency. The specification for the Clock Monitor
is as follows:
1/tC > 10 kHz—No clock rejection.
1/tC < 10 Hz—Ensured clock rejection.
Table 10. WATCHDOG Service Actions
Key
Data
Window
Data
Clock
Monitor
Action
Match
Match
Match
Valid Service: Restart Service Window
Error: Generate WATCHDOG Output
Error: Generate WATCHDOG Output
Error: Generate WATCHDOG Output
Don't Care
Mismatch
Don't Care
Mismatch
Don't Care
Don't Care
Don't Care
Don't Care
Mismatch
WATCHDOG AND CLOCK MONITOR SUMMARY
The following salient points regarding the WATCHDOG and CLOCK MONITOR should be noted:
•
•
Both the WATCHDOG and CLOCK MONITOR detector circuits are inhibited during RESET.
Following RESET, the WATCHDOG and CLOCK MONITOR are both enabled, with the WATCHDOG having
the maximum service window selected.
•
•
•
•
The WATCHDOG service window and CLOCK MONITOR enable/disable option can only be changed once,
during the initial WATCHDOG service following RESET.
The initial WATCHDOG service must match the key data value in the WATCHDOG Service register WDSVR
in order to avoid a WATCHDOG error.
Subsequent WATCHDOG services must match all three data fields in WDSVR in order to avoid WATCHDOG
errors.
The correct key data value cannot be read from the WATCHDOG Service register WDSVR. Any attempt to
read this key data value of 01100 from WDSVR will read as key data value of all 0's.
•
•
The WATCHDOG detector circuit is inhibited during both the HALT and IDLE modes.
The CLOCK MONITOR detector circuit is active during both the HALT and IDLE modes. Consequently, the
device inadvertently entering the HALT mode will be detected as a CLOCK MONITOR error (provided that the
CLOCK MONITOR enable option has been selected by the program).
•
•
With the single-pin R/C oscillator option selected and the CLKDLY bit reset, the WATCHDOG service window
will resume following HALT mode from where it left off before entering the HALT mode.
With the crystal oscillator option selected, or with the single-pin R/C oscillator option selected and the
CLKDLY bit set, the WATCHDOG service window will be set to its selected value from WDSVR following
HALT. Consequently, the WATCHDOG should not be serviced for at least 2048 instruction cycles following
HALT, but must be serviced within the selected window to avoid a WATCHDOG error.
•
•
The IDLE timer T0 is not initialized with external RESET.
The user can sync in to the IDLE counter cycle with an IDLE counter (T0) interrupt or by monitoring the
T0PND flag. The T0PND flag is set whenever the twelfth bit of the IDLE counter toggles (every 4096
instruction cycles). The user is responsible for resetting the T0PND flag.
•
•
A hardware WATCHDOG service occurs just as the device exits the IDLE mode. Consequently, the
WATCHDOG should not be serviced for at least 2048 instruction cycles following IDLE, but must be serviced
within the selected window to avoid a WATCHDOG error.
Following RESET, the initial WATCHDOG service (where the service window and the CLOCK MONITOR
enable/disable must be selected) may be programmed anywhere within the maximum service window (65,536
instruction cycles) initialized by RESET. Note that this initial WATCHDOG service may be programmed within
the initial 2048 instruction cycles without causing a WATCHDOG error.
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DETECTION OF ILLEGAL CONDITIONS
The device can detect various illegal conditions resulting from coding errors, transient noise, power supply
voltage drops, runaway programs, etc.
Reading of undefined ROM gets zeroes. The opcode for software interrupt is 00. If the program fetches
instructions from undefined ROM, this will force a software interrupt, thus signaling that an illegal condition has
occurred.
The subroutine stack grows down for each call (jump to subroutine), interrupt, or PUSH, and grows up for each
return or POP. The stack pointer is initialized to RAM location 06F Hex during reset. Consequently, if there are
more returns than calls, the stack pointer will point to addresses 070 and 071 Hex (which are undefined RAM).
Undefined RAM from addresses 070 to 07F (Segment 0), and all other segments (i.e., Segments 4 … etc.) is
read as all 1's, which in turn will cause the program to return to address 7FFF Hex. It is recommended that the
user either leave this location unprogrammed or place an INTR instruction (all 0's) in this location to generate a
software interrupt signaling an illegal condition.
Thus, the chip can detect the following illegal conditions:
1. Executing from undefined ROM.
2. Over “POP”ing the stack by having more returns than calls.
When the software interrupt occurs, the user can re-initialize the stack pointer and do a recovery procedure
before restarting (this recovery program is probably similar to that following reset, but might not contain the same
program initialization procedures). The recovery program should reset the software interrupt pending bit using the
RPND instruction.
MICROWIRE/PLUS
MICROWIRE/PLUS is a serial SPI compatible synchronous communications interface. The MICROWIRE/PLUS
capability enables the device to interface with MICROWIRE/PLUS or SPI peripherals (i.e. A/D converters, display
drivers, EEPROMs etc.) and with other microcontrollers which support the MICROWIRE/PLUS or SPI interface. It
consists of an 8-bit serial shift register (SIO) with serial data input (SI), serial data output (SO) and serial shift
clock (SK). Figure 37 shows a block diagram of the MICROWIRE/PLUS logic.
The shift clock can be selected from either an internal source or an external source. Operating the
MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangement with the internal clock source is called the Master mode of operation. Similarly,
operating the MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangement with an external shift clock is called the Slave mode of operation.
The CNTRL register is used to configure and control the MICROWIRE/PLUS mode. To use the
MICROWIRE/PLUS, the MSEL bit in the CNTRL register is set to one. In the master mode, the SK clock rate is
selected by the two bits, SL0 and SL1, in the CNTRL register. Table 11 details the different clock rates that may
be selected.
Table 11. MICROWIRE/PLUS
Master Mode Clock Select
SL1
0
SL0
SK Period(1)
2 × tC
0
1
x
0
4 × tC
1
8 × tC
(1) Where tC is the instruction cycle clock
MICROWIRE/PLUS OPERATION
Setting the BUSY bit in the PSW register causes the MICROWIRE/PLUS to start shifting the data. It gets reset
when eight data bits have been shifted. The user may reset the BUSY bit by software to allow less than 8 bits to
shift. If enabled, an interrupt is generated when eight data bits have been shifted. The device may enter the
MICROWIRE/PLUS mode either as a Master or as a Slave. Figure 37 shows how two microcontroller devices
and several peripherals may be interconnected using the MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangements.
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WARNING
The SIO register should only be loaded when the SK clock is in the idle phase.
Loading the SIO register while the SK clock is in the active phase, will result in
undefined data in the SIO register.
Setting the BUSY flag when the input SK clock is in the active phase while in
the MICROWIRE/PLUS is in the slave mode may cause the current SK clock for
the SIO shift register to be narrow. For safety, the BUSY flag should only be set
when the input SK clock is in the idle phase.
MICROWIRE/PLUS Master Mode Operation
In the MICROWIRE/PLUS Master mode of operation the shift clock (SK) is generated internally. The
MICROWIRE Master always initiates all data exchanges. The MSEL bit in the CNTRL register must be set to
enable the SO and SK functions onto the G Port. The SO and SK pins must also be selected as outputs by
setting appropriate bits in the Port G configuration register. In the slave mode, the shift clock stops after 8 clock
pulses. Table 12 summarizes the bit settings required for Master mode of operation.
Figure 37. MICROWIRE/PLUS Application
MICROWIRE/PLUS Slave Mode Operation
In the MICROWIRE/PLUS Slave mode of operation the SK clock is generated by an external source. Setting the
MSEL bit in the CNTRL register enables the SO and SK functions onto the G Port. The SK pin must be selected
as an input and the SO pin is selected as an output pin by setting and resetting the appropriate bits in the Port G
configuration register. Table 12 summarizes the settings required to enter the Slave mode of operation.
Table 12. MICROWIRE/PLUS Mode Settings(1)
G4 (SO)
Config. Bit
G5 (SK)
Config. Bit
G4
Fun.
G5
Fun.
Operation
1
0
1
1
1
0
SO
Int.
SK
Int.
SK
Ext.
SK
MICROWIRE/PLUS
Master
TRI-
STATE
SO
MICROWIRE/PLUS
Master
MICROWIRE/PLUS
Slave
(1) This table assumes that the control flag MSEL is set.
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Table 12. MICROWIRE/PLUS Mode Settings(1) (continued)
G4 (SO)
Config. Bit
G5 (SK)
Config. Bit
G4
Fun.
G5
Fun.
Operation
0
0
TRI-
Ext.
SK
MICROWIRE/PLUS
Slave
STATE
The user must set the BUSY flag immediately upon entering the Slave mode. This ensures that all data bits sent
by the Master is shifted properly. After eight clock pulses the BUSY flag is clear, the shift clock is stopped, and
the sequence may be repeated.
Alternate SK Phase Operation and SK Idle P
The device allows either the normal SK clock or an alternate phase SK clock to shift data in and out of the SIO
register. In both the modes the SK idle polarity can be either high or low. The polarity is selected by bit 5 of Port
G data register. In the normal mode data is shifted in on the rising edge of the SK clock and the data is shifted
out on the falling edge of the SK clock. In the alternate SK phase operation, data is shifted in on the falling edge
of the SK clock and shifted out on the rising edge of the SK clock. Bit 6 of Port G configuration register selects
the SK edge.
A control flag, SKSEL, allows either the normal SK clock or the alternate SK clock to be selected. Resetting
SKSEL causes the MICROWIRE/PLUS logic to be clocked from the normal SK signal. Setting the SKSEL flag
selects the alternate SK clock. The SKSEL is mapped into the G6 configuration bit. The SKSEL flag will power
up in the reset condition, selecting the normal SK signal.
Table 13. MICROWIRE/PLUS Shift Clock Polarity and Sample/Shift Phase
Port G
SK Phase
SO Clocked Out On:
SI Sampled On:
SK Idle Phase
G6 (SKSEL)
Config. Bit
G5 Data Bit
Normal
Alternate
Alternate
Normal
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
SK Falling Edge
SK Rising Edge
SK Rising Edge
SK Falling Edge
SK Rising Edge
SK Falling Edge
SK Falling Edge
SK Rising Edge
Low
Low
High
High
Figure 38. MICROWIRE/PLUS SPI Mode Interface Timing, Normal SK Mode, SK Idle Phase being Low
Figure 39. MICROWIRE/PLUS SPI Mode Interface Timing, Alternate SK Mode, SK Idle Phase being Low
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Figure 40. MICROWIRE/PLUS SPI Mode Interface Timing, Normal SK Mode, SK Idle Phase being High
Figure 41. MICROWIRE/PLUS SPI Mode Interface Timing, Alternate SK Mode, SK Idle Phase being High
Memory Map
All RAM, ports and registers (except A and PC) are mapped into data memory address space.
Address
Contents(1)
S/ADD REG
0000 to 006F
0070 to 007F
xx80 to xx93
xx94
On-Chip RAM bytes (112 bytes)
Unused RAM Address Space (Reads As All Ones)
Unused RAM Address Space (Reads Undefined Data)
Port F data register, PORTFD
xx95
Port F configuration register, PORTFC
Port F input pins (read only), PORTFP
Unused address space (Reads Undefined Data)
Timer T3 Lower Byte
xx96
xx97 to xxAF
xxB0
xxB1
Timer T3 Upper Byte
xxB2
Timer T3 Autoload Register T3RA Lower Byte
Timer T3 Autoload Register T3RA Upper Byte
Timer T3 Autoload Register T3RB Lower Byte
Timer T3 Autoload Register T3RB Upper Byte
Timer T3 Control Register
xxB3
xxB4
xxB5
xxB6
xxB7
Comparator Select Register (Reg:CMPSL)
UART Transmit Buffer (Reg:TBUF)
xxB8
xxB9
UART Receive Buffer (Reg:RBUF)
xxBA
UART Control and Status Register (Reg:ENU)
UART Receive Control and Status Register (Reg:ENUR)
UART Interrupt and Clock Source Register (Reg:ENUI)
UART Baud Register (Reg:BAUD)
xxBB
xxBC
xxBD
(1) Reading memory locations 0070H–007FH (Segment 0) will return all ones. Reading unused memory
locations 0080H–0093H (Segment 0) will return undefined data. Reading memory locations from other
Segments (i.e., Segment 4, Segment 5, … etc.) will return undefined data.
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Address
S/ADD REG
Contents(1)
xxBE
UART Prescale Select Register (Reg:PSR)
Reserved for UART
xxBF
xxC0
Timer T2 Lower Byte
xxC1
Timer T2 Upper Byte
xxC2
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RA Lower Byte
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RA Upper Byte
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RB Lower Byte
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RB Upper Byte
Timer T2 Control Register
xxC3
xxC4
xxC5
xxC6
xxC7
WATCHDOG Service Register (Reg:WDSVR)
MIWU Edge Select Register (Reg:WKEDG)
MIWU Enable Register (Reg:WKEN)
MIWU Pending Register (Reg:WKPND)
Reserved
xxC8
xxC9
xxCA
xxCB to xxCF
xxD0
Port L Data Register
xxD1
Port L Configuration Register
Port L Input Pins (Read Only)
Reserved for Port L
xxD2
xxD3
xxD4
Port G Data Register
xxD5
Port G Configuration Register
Port G Input Pins (Read Only)
Port I Input Pins (Read Only) (Actually reads Port F input pins)
Port C Data Register
xxD6
xxD7
xxD8
xxD9
Port C Configuration Register
Port C Input Pins (Read Only)
Reserved for Port C
xxDA
xxDB
xxDC
Port D
xxDD to xxDF
xxE0 to xxE5
xxE6
Reserved for Port D
Reserved for EE Control Registers
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RB Lower Byte
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RB Upper Byte
ICNTRL Register
xxE7
xxE8
xxE9
MICROWIRE/PLUS Shift Register
Timer T1 Lower Byte
xxEA
xxEB
Timer T1 Upper Byte
xxEC
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RA Lower Byte
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RA Upper Byte
CNTRL Control Register
xxED
xxEE
xxEF
PSW Register
xxF0 to FB
xxFC
On-Chip RAM Mapped as Registers
X Register
xxFD
SP Register
xxFE
B Register
xxFF
S Register
0100–017F
0200–027F
0300–037F
On-Chip 128 RAM Bytes
On-Chip 128 RAM Bytes (Reads as undefined data on COP8SGE)
On-Chip 128 RAM Bytes (Reads as undefined data on COP8SGE)
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Instruction Set
INTRODUCTION
This section defines the instruction set of the COP8 Family members. It contains information about the instruction
set features, addressing modes and types.
INSTRUCTION FEATURES
The strength of the instruction set is based on the following features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mostly single-byte opcode instructions minimize program size.
One instruction cycle for the majority of single-byte instructions to minimize program execution time.
Many single-byte, multiple function instructions such as DRSZ.
Three memory mapped pointers: two for register indirect addressing, and one for the software stack.
Sixteen memory mapped registers that allow an optimized implementation of certain instructions.
Ability to set, reset, and test any individual bit in data memory address space, including the memory-mapped
I/O ports and registers.
•
•
Register-Indirect LOAD and EXCHANGE instructions with optional automatic post-incrementing or
decrementing of the register pointer. This allows for greater efficiency (both in cycle time and program code)
in loading, walking across and processing fields in data memory.
Unique instructions to optimize program size and throughput efficiency. Some of these instructions are DRSZ,
IFBNE, DCOR, RETSK, VIS and RRC.
ADDRESSING MODES
The instruction set offers a variety of methods for specifying memory addresses. Each method is called an
addressing mode. These modes are classified into two categories: operand addressing modes and transfer-of-
control addressing modes. Operand addressing modes are the various methods of specifying an address for
accessing (reading or writing) data. Transfer-of-control addressing modes are used in conjunction with jump
instructions to control the execution sequence of the software program.
Operand Addressing Modes
The operand of an instruction specifies what memory location is to be affected by that instruction. Several
different operand addressing modes are available, allowing memory locations to be specified in a variety of ways.
An instruction can specify an address directly by supplying the specific address, or indirectly by specifying a
register pointer. The contents of the register (or in some cases, two registers) point to the desired memory
location. In the immediate mode, the data byte to be used is contained in the instruction itself.
Each addressing mode has its own advantages and disadvantages with respect to flexibility, execution speed,
and program compactness. Not all modes are available with all instructions. The Load (LD) instruction offers the
largest number of addressing modes.
The available addressing modes are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Direct
Register B or X Indirect
Register B or X Indirect with Post-Incrementing/Decrementing
Immediate
Immediate Short
Indirect from Program Memory
The addressing modes are described below. Each description includes an example of an assembly language
instruction using the described addressing mode.
Direct. The memory address is specified directly as a byte in the instruction. In assembly language, the direct
address is written as a numerical value (or a label that has been defined elsewhere in the program as a
numerical value).
Example: Load Accumulator Memory Direct
LD A,05
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Reg/Data
Memory
Contents
Before
Contents
After
Accumulator
Memory Location
0005 Hex
XX Hex
A6 Hex
A6 Hex
A6 Hex
Register B or X Indirect. The memory address is specified by the contents of the B Register or X register
(pointer register). In assembly language, the notation [B] or [X] specifies which register serves as the pointer.
Example: Exchange Memory with Accumulator, B Indirect
X A,[B]
Reg/Data
Memory
Contents
Before
01 Hex
87 Hex
Contents
After
Accumulator
Memory Location
0005 Hex
87 Hex
01 Hex
B Pointer
05 Hex
05 Hex
Register B or X Indirect with Post-Incrementing/Decrementing. The relevant memory address is specified by
the contents of the B Register or X register (pointer register). The pointer register is automatically incremented or
decremented after execution, allowing easy manipulation of memory blocks with software loops. In assembly
language, the notation [B+], [B−], [X+], or [X−] specifies which register serves as the pointer, and whether the
pointer is to be incremented or decremented.
Example: Exchange Memory with Accumulator, B Indirect with Post-Increment
X A,[B+]
Reg/Data
Memory
Contents
Before
03 Hex
62 Hex
Contents
After
Accumulator
Memory Location
0005 Hex
62 Hex
03 Hex
B Pointer
05 Hex
06 Hex
Intermediate. The data for the operation follows the instruction opcode in program memory. In assembly
language, the number sign character (#) indicates an immediate operand.
Example: Load Accumulator Immediate
LD A,#05
Reg/Data
Memory
Contents
Before
Contents
After
Accumulator
XX Hex
05 Hex
Immediate Short. This is a special case of an immediate instruction. In the “Load B immediate” instruction, the
4-bit immediate value in the instruction is loaded into the lower nibble of the B register. The upper nibble of the B
register is reset to 0000 binary.
Example: Load B Register Immediate Short
LD B,#7
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Reg/Data
Memory
B Pointer
Contents
Before
Contents
After
12 Hex
07 Hex
Indirect from Program Memory. This is a special case of an indirect instruction that allows access to data
tables stored in program memory. In the “Load Accumulator Indirect” (LAID) instruction, the upper and lower
bytes of the Program Counter (PCU and PCL) are used temporarily as a pointer to program memory. For
purposes of accessing program memory, the contents of the Accumulator and PCL are exchanged. The data
pointed to by the Program Counter is loaded into the Accumulator, and simultaneously, the original contents of
PCL are restored so that the program can resume normal execution.
Example: Load Accumulator Indirect
LAID
Reg/Data
Memory
Contents
Before
04 Hex
35 Hex
1F Hex
25 Hex
Contents
After
PCU
04 Hex
36 Hex
25 Hex
25 Hex
PCL
Accumulator
Memory Location
041F Hex
Tranfer-of-Control Addressing Modes
Program instructions are usually executed in sequential order. However, Jump instructions can be used to
change the normal execution sequence. Several transfer-of-control addressing modes are available to specify
jump addresses.
A change in program flow requires a non-incremental change in the Program Counter contents. The Program
Counter consists of two bytes, designated the upper byte (PCU) and lower byte (PCL). The most significant bit of
PCU is not used, leaving 15 bits to address the program memory.
Different addressing modes are used to specify the new address for the Program Counter. The choice of
addressing mode depends primarily on the distance of the jump. Farther jumps sometimes require more
instruction bytes in order to completely specify the new Program Counter contents.
The available transfer-of-control addressing modes are:
•
•
•
•
Jump Relative
Jump Absolute
Jump Absolute Long
Jump Indirect
The transfer-of-control addressing modes are described below. Each description includes an example of a Jump
instruction using a particular addressing mode, and the effect on the Program Counter bytes of executing that
instruction.
Jump Relative. In this 1-byte instruction, six bits of the instruction opcode specify the distance of the jump from
the current program memory location. The distance of the jump can range from −31 to +32. A JP+1 instruction is
not allowed. The programmer should use a NOP instead.
Example: Jump Relative
JP 0A
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Reg
Contents
Before
02 Hex
05 Hex
Contents
After
PCU
PCL
02 Hex
0F Hex
Jump Absolute. In this 2-byte instruction, 12 bits of the instruction opcode specify the new contents of the
Program Counter. The upper three bits of the Program Counter remain unchanged, restricting the new Program
Counter address to the same 4 kbyte address space as the current instruction.
(This restriction is relevant only in devices using more than one 4 kbyte program memory space.)
Example: Jump Absolute
JMP 0125
Reg
Contents
Before
Contents
After
PCU
PCL
0C Hex
77 Hex
01 Hex
25 Hex
Jump Absolute Long. In this 3-byte instruction, 15 bits of the instruction opcode specify the new contents of the
Program Counter.
Example: Jump Absolute Long
JMP 03625
Reg/
Memory
PCU
Contents
Before
42 Hex
36 Hex
Contents
After
36 Hex
25 Hex
PCL
Jump Indirect. In this 1-byte instruction, the lower byte of the jump address is obtained from a table stored in
program memory, with the Accumulator serving as the low order byte of a pointer into program memory. For
purposes of accessing program memory, the contents of the Accumulator are written to PCL (temporarily). The
data pointed to by the Program Counter (PCH/PCL) is loaded into PCL, while PCH remains unchanged.
Example: Jump Indirect
JID
Reg/
Memory
PCU
Contents
Before
01 Hex
C4 Hex
26 Hex
Contents
After
01 Hex
32 Hex
26 Hex
PCL
Accumulator
Memory
Location
0126 Hex
32 Hex
32 Hex
The VIS instruction is a special case of the Indirect Transfer of Control addressing mode, where the double-byte
vector associated with the interrupt is transferred from adjacent addresses in program memory into the Program
Counter in order to jump to the associated interrupt service routine.
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INSTRUCTION TYPES
The instruction set contains a wide variety of instructions. The available instructions are listed below, organized
into related groups.
Some instructions test a condition and skip the next instruction if the condition is not true. Skipped instructions
are executed as no-operation (NOP) instructions.
Arithmetic Instructions
The arithmetic instructions perform binary arithmetic such as addition and subtraction, with or without the Carry
bit.
Add (ADD)
Add with Carry (ADC)
Subtract (SUB)
Subtract with Carry (SUBC)
Increment (INC)
Decrement (DEC)
Decimal Correct (DCOR)
Clear Accumulator (CLR)
Set Carry (SC)
Reset Carry (RC)
Transfer-of-Control Instructions
The transfer-of-control instructions change the usual sequential program flow by altering the contents of the
Program Counter. The Jump to Subroutine instructions save the Program Counter contents on the stack before
jumping; the Return instructions pop the top of the stack back into the Program Counter.
Jump Relative (JP)
Jump Absolute (JMP)
Jump Absolute Long (JMPL)
Jump Indirect (JID)
Jump to Subroutine (JSR)
Jump to Subroutine Long (JSRL)
Return from Subroutine (RET)
Return from Subroutine and Skip (RETSK)
Return from Interrupt (RETI)
Software Trap Interrupt (INTR)
Vector Interrupt Select (VIS)
Load and Exchange Instructions
The load and exchange instructions write byte values in registers or memory. The addressing mode determines
the source of the data.
Load (LD)
Load Accumulator Indirect (LAID)
Exchange (X)
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Logical Instructions
The logical instructions perform the operations AND, OR, and XOR (Exclusive OR). Other logical operations can
be performed by combining these basic operations. For example, complementing is accomplished by
exclusiveORing the Accumulator with FF Hex.
Logical AND (AND)
Logical OR (OR)
Exclusive OR (XOR)
Accumulator Bit Manipulation Instructions
The Accumulator bit manipulation instructions allow the user to shift the Accumulator bits and to swap its two
nibbles.
Rotate Right Through Carry (RRC)
Rotate Left Through Carry (RLC)
Swap Nibbles of Accumulator (SWAP)
Stack Control Instructions
Push Data onto Stack (PUSH)
Pop Data off of Stack (POP)
Memory Bit Manipulation Instructions
The memory bit manipulation instructions allow the user to set and reset individual bits in memory.
Set Bit (SBIT)
Reset Bit (RBIT)
Reset Pending Bit (RPND)
Conditional Instructions
The conditional instruction test a condition. If the condition is true, the next instruction is executed in the normal
manner; if the condition is false, the next instruction is skipped.
If Equal (IFEQ)
If Not Equal (IFNE)
If Greater Than (IFGT)
If Carry (IFC)
If Not Carry (IFNC)
If Bit (IFBIT)
If B Pointer Not Equal (IFBNE)
And Skip if Zero (ANDSZ)
Decrement Register and Skip if Zero (DRSZ)
No-Operation Instruction
The no-operation instruction does nothing, except to occupy space in the program memory and time in
execution.
No-Operation (NOP)
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NOTE
The VIS is a special case of the Indirect Transfer of Control addressing mode, where the
double byte vector associated with the interrupt is transferred from adjacent addresses in
the program memory into the program counter (PC) in order to jump to the associated
interrupt service routine.
REGISTER AND SYMBOL DEFINITION
The following abbreviations represent the nomenclature used in the instruction description and the COP8 cross-
assembler.
Registers
A
8-Bit Accumulator Register
8-Bit Address Register
B
X
8-Bit Address Register
SP
PC
PU
PL
C
8-Bit Stack Pointer Register
15-Bit Program Counter Register
Upper 7 Bits of PC
Lower 8 Bits of PC
1 Bit of PSW Register for Carry
1 Bit of PSW Register for Half Carry
1 Bit of PSW Register for Global Interrupt Enable
Interrupt Vector Upper Byte
Interrupt Vector Lower Byte
HC
GIE
VU
VL
Symbols
Memory Indirectly Addressed by B Register
Memory Indirectly Addressed by X Register
Direct Addressed Memory
[B]
[X]
MD
Mem
Meml
Imm
Reg
Bit
Direct Addressed Memory or [B]
Direct Addressed Memory or [B] or Immediate Data
8-Bit Immediate Data
Register Memory: Addresses F0 to FF (Includes B, X and SP)
Bit Number (0 to 7)
←
Loaded with
↔
Exchanged with
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
ADD
ADC
A,Meml
A,Meml
ADD
A←A + Meml
ADD with Carry
A←A + Meml + C, C←Carry,
HC←Half Carry
SUBC
A,Meml
Subtract with Carry
A←A − MemI + C, C←Carry,
HC←Half Carry
AND
ANDSZ
OR
A,Meml
A,Imm
Logical AND
A←A and Meml
Logical AND Immed., Skip if Zero
Logical OR
Skip next if (A and Imm) = 0
A←A or Meml
A,Meml
A,Meml
MD,Imm
A,Meml
A,Meml
XOR
IFEQ
IFEQ
IFNE
Logical EXclusive OR
IF EQual
A←A xor Meml
Compare MD and Imm, Do next if MD = Imm
Compare A and Meml, Do next if A = Meml
Compare A and Meml, Do next if A ≠ Meml
IF EQual
IF Not Equal
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IFGT
IFBNE
DRSZ
SBIT
RBIT
IFBIT
RPND
X
A,Meml
#
IF Greater Than
Compare A and Meml, Do next if A > Meml
Do next if lower 4 bits of B ≠ Imm
Reg←Reg − 1, Skip if Reg = 0
1 to bit, Mem (bit = 0 to 7 immediate)
0 to bit, Mem
If B Not Equal
Reg
Decrement Reg., Skip if Zero
Set BIT
#,Mem
#,Mem
#,Mem
Reset BIT
IF BIT
If bit #, A or Mem is true do next instruction
Reset Software Interrupt Pending Flag
A↔Mem
Reset PeNDing Flag
EXchange A with Memory
EXchange A with Memory [X]
LoaD A with Memory
LoaD A with Memory [X]
LoaD B with Immed.
LoaD Memory Immed.
LoaD Register Memory Immed.
EXchange A with Memory [B]
EXchange A with Memory [X]
LoaD A with Memory [B]
LoaD A with Memory [X]
LoaD Memory [B] Immed.
CLeaR A
A,Mem
A,[X]
X
A↔[X]
LD
A,Meml
A,[X]
A←Meml
LD
A←[X]
LD
B,Imm
Mem,Imm
Reg,Imm
A, [B ±]
A, [X ±]
A, [B±]
A, [X±]
[B±],Imm
A
B←Imm
LD
Mem←Imm
LD
Reg←Imm
X
A↔[B], (B←B ±1)
X
A↔[X], (X←X ±1)
LD
A←[B], (B←B ±1)
LD
A←[X], (X←X±1)
LD
[B]←Imm, (B←B±1)
CLR
INC
DEC
LAID
DCOR
RRC
RLC
SWAP
SC
A←0
A
INCrement A
A←A + 1
A
DECrement A
A←A − 1
Load A InDirect from ROM
Decimal CORrect A
Rotate A Right thru C
Rotate A Left thru C
SWAP nibbles of A
Set C
A←ROM (PU,A)
A
A
A
A
A←BCD correction of A (follows ADC, SUBC)
C→A7→…→A0→C
C←A7←…←A0←C, HC←A0
A7…A4↔A3…A0
C←1, HC←1
RC
Reset C
C←0, HC←0
IFC
IF C
IF C is true, do next instruction
If C is not true, do next instruction
SP←SP + 1, A←[SP]
[SP]←A, SP←SP − 1
PU←[VU], PL←[VL]
IFNC
POP
PUSH
VIS
IF Not C
A
A
POP the stack into A
PUSH A onto the stack
Vector to Interrupt Service Routine
Jump absolute Long
Jump absolute
JMPL
JMP
JP
Addr.
Addr.
Disp.
Addr.
Addr.
PC←ii (ii = 15 bits, 0 to 32k)
PC9…0←i (i = 12 bits)
PC←PC + r (r is −31 to +32, except 1)
[SP]←PL, [SP−1]←PU,SP−2, PC←ii
[SP]←PL, [SP−1]←PU,SP−2, PC9…0←i
PL←ROM (PU,A)
Jump relative short
Jump SubRoutine Long
Jump SubRoutine
Jump InDirect
JSRL
JSR
JID
RET
RETSK
RETurn from subroutine
RETurn and SKip
SP + 2, PL←[SP], PU←[SP−1]
SP + 2, PL←[SP],PU←[SP−1],
skip next instruction
RETI
INTR
NOP
RETurn from Interrupt
Generate an Interrupt
No OPeration
SP + 2, PL ←[SP],PU←[SP−1],GIE←1
[SP]←PL, [SP−1]←PU, SP−2, PC←0FF
PC←PC + 1
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INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIME
Most instructions are single byte (with immediate addressing mode instructions taking two bytes).
Most single byte instructions take one cycle time to execute.
Skipped instructions require x number of cycles to be skipped, where x equals the number of bytes in the
skipped instruction opcode.
See the BYTES and CYCLES per INSTRUCTION table for details.
Bytes and Cycles per Instruction
The following table shows the number of bytes and cycles for each instruction in the format of byte/cycle.
Arithmetic and Logic Instructions
[B]
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
Direct
3/4
Immed.
2/2
ADD
ADC
SUBC
AND
OR
3/4
2/2
3/4
2/2
3/4
2/2
3/4
2/2
XOR
IFEQ
IFGT
IFBNE
DRSZ
SBIT
RBIT
IFBIT
3/4
2/2
3/4
2/2
3/4
2/2
1/3
3/4
3/4
3/4
1/1
1/1
1/1
RPND
1/1
Instructions Using A & C
CLRA
INCA
DECA
LAID
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/3
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/3
1/3
2/2
DCORA
RRCA
RLCA
SWAPA
SC
RC
IFC
IFNC
PUSHA
POPA
ANDSZ
Transfer of Control Instructions
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JMPL
JMP
JP
3/4
2/3
1/3
3/5
2/5
1/3
1/5
1/5
1/5
1/5
1/7
1/1
JSRL
JSR
JID
VIS
RET
RETSK
RETI
INTR
NOP
Memory Transfer Instructions
Register
Indirect
Direct
Immed.
Register Indirect
Auto Incr. & Decr.
[B]
1/1
1/1
[X]
1/3
1/3
[B+, B−]
[X+, X−]
1/3
X A,(1)
LD A,(1)
2/3
2/3
1/2
1/2
2/2
1/1
2/2
1/3
LD B, Imm
LD B, Imm
LD Mem, Imm
LD Reg, Imm
IFEQ MD, Imm
(If B < 16)
(If B > 15)
2/2
3/3
2/3
3/3
2/2
(1) = > Memory location addressed by B or X or directly.
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Table 14. OPCODE TABLE(1)
Upper Nibble
F
E
D
C
B
A
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
JP−15
JP−31
LD 0F0, #i
DRSZ 0F0
RRCA
RC
ADC A,#i ADC A,[B]
IFBIT
0,[B]
ANDSZ A, LD B,#0F
#i
IFBNE 0
JSR x000–x0FF
JMP x000–x0FF
JP+17
INTR
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
JP−14
JP−13
JP−12
JP−11
JP−10
JP−9
JP−8
JP−7
JP−6
JP−5
JP−4
JP−3
JP−2
JP−1
JP−0
JP−30
JP−29
JP−28
JP−27
JP−26
JP−25
JP−24
JP−23
JP−22
JP−21
JP−20
JP−19
JP−18
JP−17
JP−16
LD 0F1, #i
LD 0F2, #i
LD 0F3, #i
LD 0F4, #i
LD 0F5, #i
LD 0F6, #i
LD 0F7, #i
LD 0F8, #i
LD 0F9, #i
LD 0FA, #i
LD 0FB, #i
LD 0FC, #i
LD 0FD, #i
LD 0FE, #i
LD 0FF, #i
DRSZ 0F1
DRSZ 0F2
DRSZ 0F3
DRSZ 0F4
DRSZ 0F5
DRSZ 0F6
DRSZ 0F7
DRSZ 0F8
DRSZ 0F9
DRSZ 0FA
DRSZ 0FB
DRSZ 0FC
DRSZ 0FD
DRSZ 0FE
DRSZ 0FF
*
SC
SUBC A,
#i
SUBC
A,[B]
IFBIT
1,[B]
*
LD B,#0E
LD B,#0D
LD B,#0C
LD B,#0B
LD B,#0A
LD B,#09
LD B,#08
IFBNE 1
IFBNE 2
IFBNE 3
IFBNE 4
IFBNE 5
IFBNE 6
IFBNE 7
IFBNE 8
IFBNE 9
IFBNE 0A
IFBNE 0B
IFBNE 0C
IFBNE 0D
IFBNE 0E
IFBNE 0F
JSR x100–x1FF
JSR x200–x2FF
JSR x300–x3FF
JSR x400–x4FF
JSR x500–x5FF
JSR x600–x6FF
JSR x700–x7FF
JSR x800–x8FF
JSR x900–x9FF
JSR xA00–xAFF
JSR xB00–xBFF
JSR xC00–xCFF
JSR xD00–xDFF
JSR xE00–xEFF
JSR xF00–xFFF
JMP x100–x1FF
JMP x200–x2FF
JMP x300–x3FF
JMP x400–x4FF
JMP x500–x5FF
JMP x600–x6FF
JMP x700–x7FF
JMP x800–x8FF
JMP x900–x9FF
JMP xA00–xAFF
JMP xB00–xBFF
JMP xC00–xCFF
JMP xD00–xDFF
JMP xE00–xEFF
JMP xF00–xFFF
JP+18
JP+19
JP+20
JP+21
JP+22
JP+23
JP+24
JP+25
JP+26
JP+27
JP+28
JP+29
JP+30
JP+31
JP+32
JP+2
JP+3
X A,[X+]
X A,[X−]
VIS
X
IFEQ A,#i
IFEQ
A,[B]
IFBIT
2,[B]
*
A,[B+]
X
IFGT A,#i
IFGT
A,[B]
IFBIT
3,[B]
*
JP+4
A,[B−]
LAID
ADD A,#i ADD A,[B]
IFBIT
4,[B]
CLRA
SWAPA
DCORA
PUSHA
JP+5
RPND
X A,[X]
*
JID
AND A,#i AND A,[B]
IFBIT
5,[B]
JP+6
X A,[B] XOR A,#i XOR A,[B]
IFBIT
6,[B]
JP+7
*
OR A,#i
LD A,#i
OR A,[B]
IFC
IFBIT
7,[B]
JP+8
NOP
RLCA
SBIT
0,[B]
RBIT 0,[B] LD B,#07
RBIT 1,[B] LD B,#06
RBIT 2,[B] LD B,#05
RBIT 3,[B] LD B,#04
RBIT 4,[B] LD B,#03
RBIT 5,[B] LD B,#02
RBIT 6,[B] LD B,#01
RBIT 7,[B] LD B,#00
JP+9
IFNE
A,[B]
IFEQ
Md,#i
IFNE A,#i
LD [B+],#i
LD [B−],#i
X A,Md
IFNC
SBIT
1,[B]
JP+10
JP+11
JP+12
JP+13
JP+14
JP+15
JP+16
LD A,[X+]
LD A,[X−]
LD Md,#i
DIR
LD
A,[B+]
INCA
DECA
POPA
RETSK
RET
SBIT
2,[B]
LD
A,[B−]
SBIT
3,[B]
JMPL
JSRL
SBIT
4,[B]
LD A,Md
LD [B],#i
LD B,#i
SBIT
5,[B]
LD A,[X]
*
LD
A,[B]
SBIT
6,[B]
*
RETI
SBIT
7,[B]
(1) Where, i is the immediate data
Md is a directly addressed memory location
* is an unused opcode
The opcode 60 Hex is also the opcode for IFBIT #i,A
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Product Folder Links: COP8SGE5 COP8SGE7 COP8SGH5 COP8SGK5 COP8SGR5 COP8SGR7
COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
www.ti.com
Mask Options
See Section ECON (CONFIGURATION) REGISTER.
COP8 Tools Overview
TI is engaged with an international community of independent 3rd party vendors who provide hardware and
software development tool support. Through TI’s interaction and guidance, these tools cooperate to form a
choice of tools that fits each developer's needs.
This section provides a summary of the tool and development kits currently available.
SUMMARY OF TOOLS
COP8 Evaluation Software and Reference Designs
•
COP8–NSEVAL: Software Evaluation package for Windows. A fully integrated evaluation environment for
COP8. Includes WCOP8 IDE evaluation version (Integrated Development Environment), COP8-NSASM (Full
COP8 Assembler), COP8-MLSIM (COP8 Instruction Level Simulator), COP8C Compiler Demo, DriveWay™
COP8 Device-Driver-Builder Demo, Manuals, Applications Software, and other COP8 technical information.
•
COP8–REF-xx: Reference Designs for COP8 Families. Realtime hardware environment with a variety of
functions for demonstrating the various capabilities and features of specific COP8 device families. Run Win
95 demo reference software and exercise specific device capabilities.
COP8 Starter Kits and Hardware Target Solutions
•
COP8-EVAL-xxx: A variety of Multifunction Evaluation, Design Test, and Target Boards for COP8 Families.
Realtime target design environments with a selection of peripherals and features including multi I/O, LCD
display, keyboard, A/D, D/A, EEPROM, USART, LEDs, and bread-board area. Quickly design, test, and
implement a custom target system (some target boards are stand-alone, and ready for mounting into a
standard enclosure), or just evaluate and test your code.
COP8 Software Development Languages and Integrated Environments
•
•
•
COP8-NSDEV: TI's COP8 Software Development package for Windows on CD. A fully Integrated
Development Environment for COP8. Includes a fully licensed WCOP8 IDE, COP8-NSASM. Plus Manuals,
Applications Software, and other COP8 technical information.
COP8C: ByteCraft - C Cross-Compiler and Code Development System. Includes BCLIDE (Integrated
Development Environment) for Win32, editor, optimizing C Cross-Compiler, macro cross assembler, BC-
Linker, and MetaLinktools support. (DOS/SUN versions available.
EWCOP8, EWCOP8-M, EWCOP8-BL: IAR - ANSI C-Compiler and Embedded Workbench. (M version
includes MetaLink debugger support) (BL version: 4k code limit; no FP). A fully integrated Win32 IDE, ANSI
C-Compiler, macro assembler, editor, linker, librarian, and C-Spy high-level simulator/debugger.
COP8 Development Productivity Tools
•
DriveWay-COP8: Aisys Corporation - COP8 Peripherals Code Generation tool. Automatically generates
tested and documented C or Assembly source code modules containing I/O drivers and interrupt handlers for
each on-chip peripheral. Application specific code can be inserted for customization using the integrated
editor.
•
COP8-UTILS: COP8 assembly code examples, device drivers, and utilities to speed up code development.
(Included with COP8-NSDEV and COP8-NSEVAL.)
COP8 Hardware Debug Tools
•
COP8-EM-xx: Metalink COP8 Emulation Module for OTP/ROM COP8 Families. Windows based development
and real-time in-circuit emulation tool, with 100 frame trace, 32k s/w breaks, Enhanced User Interface,
MetaLink Debugger. Includes COP8-NSDEV, power supply, DIP emulation cables.
•
COP8-DM-xx: Metalink COP8 Debug Module for OTP/ROM COP8 Families. Windows based development
and real-time in-circuit emulation tool, with 100 frame trace, 32k s/w breaks, Basic User Interface, MetaLink
Debugger, and COP8 OTP Programmer with sockets. Includes COP8-NSDEV, power supply, DIP and/or
SMD emulation cables and adapters.
•
COP8-IM: MetaLink iceMASTER® for OTP/ROM COP8 devices. Windows based, full featured real-time in-
circuit emulator, with 4k trace, 32k s/w breaks, and MetaLink Windows Debugger. Includes COP8-NSDEV
and power supply. Package-specific probes and surface mount adaptors are ordered separately. (Add COP8-
70
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Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: COP8SGE5 COP8SGE7 COP8SGH5 COP8SGK5 COP8SGR5 COP8SGR7
COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
www.ti.com
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
PM and adapters for OTP programming.)
COP8 Development and OTP Programming Tools
•
COP8-PM: COP8 Development Programming Module. Windows programming tool for COP8 OTP/Flash
Families. Includes 40 DIP programming socket, control software, RS232 cable, and power supply.
(Programming adapters are extra.)
•
•
•
Development: Metalink's Debug Module includes development device programming capability for COP8
devices. Many other third-party programmers are approved for development and engineering use.
Production: Third-party programmers and automatic handling equipment cover needs from engineering
prototype and pilot production, to full production environments.
Factory Programming: Factory programming available for high-volume requirements.
TOOLS ORDERING NUMBERS FOR THE COP8SGx FAMILY DEVICES
The COP8-IM/400 ICE can be used for emulation with the limitation of 10 MHz emulation speed maximum. For
full speed COP8SGx emulation, use the 15 MHz COP8-DM-SG or COP8-EM-SG.
Note: The following order numbers apply to the COP8 devices in this datasheet only.
Vendor
Tools
COP8-NSEVAL
COP8-REF
Order Number
COP8-NSEVAL
Cost
VL
Notes
Order from web site.
Order from web site
Order from web site
COP8-REF-SG
VL
VL
VL
M
COP8-EVAL
COP8-NSDEV
COP8-EM
COP8-EVAL-COB1
COP8-NSDEV
Included in EM. Order CD from web site
Included p/s, 28/40 pin PDIP target cable, manuals, software
44 PLCC Target Cable
COP8-EM-SG
EM Target Cables
and Converters
COP8-EMC-44P
COP8-EMC-28CSP
COP8-EMA-xxSO
COP8-EMA-44QFP
VL
L
28 WQFN Target Cable
L
PDIP to SOIC Cable Converter
L
44 pin PLCC to 44 LQFP Cable Converter
32k or 8k Eraseable/OTP devices
Development Devices COP8SGR7, COP8SGE7
VL
L
COP8-PM
COP8-PM-00
Included p/s, manuals, software, 16/20/28/40 PDIP/SOIC and
44 PLCC programming socket; add OTP adapter or target
adapter (if needed)
OTP Programming
Adapters
COP8-PGMA-44QFP
COP8-PGMA-28CSP
COP8-PGMA-44CSP
COP8-PGMA-28SO
DM5-KCOP8-SG
L
For programming 44 LQFP on any programmer
For programming 28 WQFN on any programmer
For programming 44 WQFN on any programmer
For programming 16/20/28 SOIC on any programmer
L
L
VL
M
MetaLink
COP8-DM
Included p/s (PS-10), target cables (PDIP and PLCC),
16/20/28/40 PDIP/SOIC and 44 PLCC programming sockets.
Add OTP adapter (if needed) and target adapter (if needed)
DM Target Adapters
MHW-CNVxx (xx = 33, 34
etc.)
L
DM target converters for
16PDIP/20SOIC/28SOIC/44LQFP/28WQFN; (i.e. MHW-
CNV38 for 20 pin PDIP to SOIC package converter)
OTP Programming
Adapters
MHW-COP8-PGMA-DS
L
L
L
H
For programming 16/20/28 SOIC and 44 PLCC on the EPU
For programming 44 LQFP on any programmer
For programming 28 WQFN on any programmer
MHW-COP8-PGMA-44QFP
MHW-COP8-PGMA-28CSP
COP8-IM
IM-COP8-AD-464 (-220) (10
MHz maximum)
Base unit 10 MHz; -220 = 220V; add probe card (required)
and target adapter (if needed); included software and manuals
IM Probe Card
PC-COP8SG44PW-AD-10
PC-COP8SG40DW-AD-10
M
M
L
10 MHz 44 PLCC probe card; 2.5V to 6.0V
10 MHz 40 PDIP probe card; 2.5V to 6.0V
16 or 20 or 28 pin SOIC adapter for probe card
IM Probe Target
Adapters
MHW-SOICxx (xx = 16, 20,
28)
MHW-CONV33
L
44 pin LQFP adapter for 44 PLCC probe card
Included in DM and EM
KKD
IAR
WCOP8-IDE
EWCOP8-xx
WCOP8-IDE
VL
L - H
M
See summary above
COP8C COP8CWIN
Included all software and manuals
Included all software and manuals
Byte Craft COP8C
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Product Folder Links: COP8SGE5 COP8SGE7 COP8SGH5 COP8SGK5 COP8SGR5 COP8SGR7
COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
www.ti.com
Aisys
DriveWay COP8
DriveWay COP8
L
Included all software and manuals
A wide variety world-wide
OTP Programmers
L - H
Cost: Free; VL =< $100; L = $100 - $300; M = $300 - $1k; H = $1k - $3k; VH = $3k - $5k
72
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Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: COP8SGE5 COP8SGE7 COP8SGH5 COP8SGK5 COP8SGR5 COP8SGR7
COP8SGE5, COP8SGE7, COP8SGH5
COP8SGK5, COP8SGR5, COP8SGR7
www.ti.com
SNOS516E –JANUARY 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
REVISION HISTORY
Date
Section
Summary of Changes
October 2001
Electrical Characteristics
Added spec. for comparator enable time.
Changed comparator response time to 600 ns.
Comparators
All
Added note regarding comparator enable time.
April 2013
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format.
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
19-Jul-2017
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
COP8SGE728M8/NOPB
COP8SGE728N8/NOPB
Status Package Type Package Pins Package
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
-40 to 125
Device Marking
Samples
Drawing
Qty
(1)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(4/5)
ACTIVE
SOIC
PDIP
DW
28
28
26
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
COP8SGE7
28M8
ACTIVE
N
13
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-NA-UNLIM
-40 to 125
COP8SGE728N8
COP8SGE744V8
NRND
PLCC
PLCC
FN
FN
44
44
25
25
TBD
Call TI
CU SN
Call TI
-40 to 125
-40 to 125
COP8SGE744V8
COP8SGE744V8
COP8SGE744V8/NOPB
ACTIVE
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
Level-3-245C-168 HR
COP8SGR728M8/NOPB
COP8SGR744V8/63SN
COP8SGR744V8/NOPB
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
SOIC
PLCC
PLCC
DW
FN
FN
28
44
44
26
500
25
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
CU SN
CU SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
Level-3-245C-168 HR
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
COP8SGR728M8
COP8SGR744V8
COP8SGR744V8
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
-40 to 125
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based
flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
19-Jul-2017
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE OUTLINE
FN0044A
PLCC - 4.57 mm max height
SCALE 0.800
PLASTIC CHIP CARRIER
.180 MAX
[4.57]
B
.650-.656
[16.51-16.66]
NOTE 3
.020 MIN
[0.51]
A
(.008)
[0.2]
6
1 44
40
7
39
PIN 1 ID
(OPTIONAL)
.650-.656
[16.51-16.66]
NOTE 3
.582-.638
[14.79-16.20]
17
29
18
28
.090-.120 TYP
[2.29-3.04]
44X .026-.032
[0.66-0.81]
C
SEATING PLANE
.004 [0.1] C
44X .013-.021
[0.33-0.53]
40X .050
[1.27]
.007 [0.18]
C A B
.685-.695
[17.40-17.65]
TYP
4215154/A 04/2017
NOTES:
1. All linear dimensions are in inches. Any dimensions in brackets are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only.
Controlling dimensions are in inches. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
3. Dimension does not include mold protrusion. Maximum allowable mold protrusion .01 in [0.25 mm] per side.
4. Reference JEDEC registration MS-018.
www.ti.com
EXAMPLE BOARD LAYOUT
FN0044A
PLCC - 4.57 mm max height
PLASTIC CHIP CARRIER
SYMM
44X (.093 )
[2.35]
44
40
6
1
7
39
44X (.030 )
[0.75]
SYMM
(.64
)
[16.2]
40X (.050 )
[1.27]
29
17
(R.002 ) TYP
[0.05]
18
28
(.64
)
[16.2]
LAND PATTERN EXAMPLE
EXPOSED METAL SHOWN
SCALE:4X
.002 MIN
[0.05]
ALL AROUND
.002 MAX
[0.05]
ALL AROUND
EXPOSED METAL
EXPOSED METAL
METAL UNDER
SOLDER MASK
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
METAL
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
NON SOLDER MASK
DEFINED
SOLDER MASK
DEFINED
(PREFERRED)
SOLDER MASK DETAILS
4215154/A 04/2017
NOTES: (continued)
5. Publication IPC-7351 may have alternate designs.
6. Solder mask tolerances between and around signal pads can vary based on board fabrication site.
www.ti.com
EXAMPLE STENCIL DESIGN
FN0044A
PLCC - 4.57 mm max height
PLASTIC CHIP CARRIER
SYMM
44X (.093 )
[2.35]
6
44
40
1
7
39
44X (.030 )
[0.75]
SYMM
(.64
)
[16.2]
40X (.050 )
[1.27]
29
17
(R.002 ) TYP
[0.05]
18
28
(.64
)
[16.2]
SOLDER PASTE EXAMPLE
BASED ON 0.125 mm THICK STENCIL
SCALE:4X
4215154/A 04/2017
NOTES: (continued)
7. Laser cutting apertures with trapezoidal walls and rounded corners may offer better paste release. IPC-7525 may have alternate
design recommendations.
8. Board assembly site may have different recommendations for stencil design.
www.ti.com
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Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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