DAC1222 [TI]
10-Bit Binary Multiplying D/A Converter;
| 型号： | DAC1222 |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | 10-Bit Binary Multiplying D/A Converter |
| 文件： | 总26页 (文件大小：658K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
DAC1220
www.ti.com...................................................................................................................................... SBAS082G –FEBRUARY 1998–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2009
20-Bit, Low-Power
Digital-to-Analog Converter
Check for Samples: DAC1220
1
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
2
•
20-Bit Monotonicity Ensured Over –40°C to
+85°C
The DAC1220 is a 20-bit digital-to-analog (D/A)
converter offering 20-bit monotonic performance over
the specified temperature range. It utilizes
delta-sigma technology to achieve inherently linear
performance in a small package at very low power.
The resolution of the device can be programmed to
20 bits for Full-Scale, settling to 0.003% within 15ms
typical, or 16 bits for Full-Scale, settling to 0.012%
within 2ms max. The output range is two times the
external reference voltage. On-chip calibration
circuitry dramatically reduces low offset and gain
errors.
•
•
•
•
•
Low Power: 2.5mW
Voltage Output
Settling Time: 2ms to 0.012%
Maximum Linearity Error: ±0.0015%
On-Chip Calibration
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
Process Control
ATE Pin Electronics
Closed-Loop Servo Control
Smart Transmitters
Portable Instruments
The DAC1220 features
a
synchronous serial
interface; in single-converter applications, the serial
interface can be accomplished with just two wires,
allowing low-cost isolation. For multiple converters, a
CS signal allows for selection of the appropriate D/A
converter.
The DAC1220 has been designed for closed-loop
control applications in the industrial process control
market and high-resolution applications in the test
and measurement market. It is also ideal for remote
applications, battery-powered instruments, and
isolated systems. The DAC1220 is available in an
SSOP-16 package.
XIN
XOUT
VREF
AVDD
AGND
Clock Generator
Microcontroller
C1
2nd−Order
∆Σ
Modulator
1st−Order
Switched
Capacitor Filter
2nd−Order
Continuous
Time Post Filter
Instruction Register
Command Register
Data Register
VOUT
C2
Offset Register
Full−Scale Register
Modulator Control
Serial
Interface
SDIO
SCLK
CS
DVDD
DGND
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 1998–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
DAC1220
SBAS082G –FEBRUARY 1998–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2009...................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
For the most current package and ordering information see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this
document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)
Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted).
DAC1220
±0.3
UNIT
V
AVDD to DVDD
AVDD to AGND
–0.3 to +6
–0.3 to +6
±0.3
V
DVDD to DGND
V
AGND to DGND
V
VREF voltage to AGND
Digital input voltage to DGND
Digital output voltage to DGND
Package power dissipation
Maximum junction temperature (TJmax)
Thermal resistance, θ JA
Lead temperature (soldering, 10s)
+2.0 to +3.0
–0.3 to DVDD + 0.3
–0.3 to DVDD + 0.3
(TJmax – TA) / θ JA
+150
V
V
V
W
°C
°C/W
°C
SSOP-16
200
+300
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under the Electrical Characteristics
is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
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DAC1220
www.ti.com...................................................................................................................................... SBAS082G –FEBRUARY 1998–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2009
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
All specifications at TMIN to TMAX, AVDD = DVDD = +5V, fXIN = 2.5MHz, VREF = +2.5V, and 16-bit mode, unless otherwise noted.
DAC1220E
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
ACCURACY
Monotonicity
Monotonicity
Linearity error
Unipolar offset error and gain error(2)
Unipolar offset error drift(3)
Bipolar zero offset error(2)
Bipolar zero offset drift(3)
Gain error(2)
16
20
Bits
Bits
20-bit mode
±15(1)
±60
ppm of FSR
ppm of FSR
ppm/°C
1
±15
1
VOUT = VREF
ppm of FSR
ppm/°C
±150
ppm of FSR
ppm/°C
Gain error drift(3)
2
Power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR)
ANALOG OUTPUT
at DC, dB = –20log(ΔVOUT/ΔVDD
)
60
dB
Output voltage(4)
0
2 × VREF
0.5
V
Output current
mA
pF
Capacitive load
500
±20
Short-circuit current
mA
Short-circuit duration
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Settling time(5)
GND or VDD
Indefinite
To ±0.012%
20-bit mode, to ±0.003%
0.1Hz to 10Hz
1.8
15
1
2
ms
ms
Output noise voltage
REFERENCE INPUT
Input voltage
μVRMS
2.25
2.5
2.75
V
Input impedance
DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT
Logic family
100
kΩ
TTL-compatible CMOS
Logic levels (all except XIN
)
VIH
2.0
DVDD + 0.3
0.8
V
V
VIL
–0.3
3.6
VOH
IOH = –0.8mA
IOL = 1.6mA
V
VOL
0.4
±10
2.5
V
Input-leakage current
μA
MHz
XIN frequency range (fXIN
)
0.5
Offset binary two's complement
or straight binary
Data format
User-programmable
POWER-SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
Power-supply voltage
Supply current
4.75
5.25
V
Analog current
360
140
460
μA
μA
μA
Digital current
Analog current
20-bit mode
(1) Valid from AGND + 20mV to AVDD – 20mV.
(2) Applies after calibration.
(3) Recalibration can remove these errors.
(4) Ideal output voltage; does not take into account gain and offset error.
(5) Valid from AGND + 20mV to AVDD – 20mV. Outside of this range, settling time can be twice the value indicated.
For 16-bit mode, C1 = 2.2nF, C2 = 0.22nF; for 20-bit mode, C1 = 10nF, C2 = 3.3nF.
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
All specifications at TMIN to TMAX, AVDD = DVDD = +5V, fXIN = 2.5MHz, VREF = +2.5V, and 16-bit mode, unless otherwise noted.
DAC1220E
PARAMETER
POWER-SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS, continued
Digital current
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
20-bit mode
140
μA
Power dissipation
2.5
3.0
3.5
mW
mW
mW
20-bit mode
Sleep mode
0.45
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specified performance
–40
+85
°C
DEVICE INFORMATION
DVDD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16 SCLK
15 SDIO
XOUT
XIN
14 CS
DGND
AVDD
DNC
DNC
DNC
13 AGND
12 VREF
11 VOUT
10 C2
DAC1220E
9
C1
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN
1
NAME
DVDD
XOUT
XIN
DESCRIPTION
Digital supply, +5V nominal
2
System clock output (for crystal)
System clock input
3
4
DGND
AVDD
DNC
DNC
DNC
C1
Digital ground
5
Analog supply, +5V nominal
Do not connect
6
7
Do not connect
8
Do not connect
9
Filter capacitor (see text)
Filter capacitor (see text)
Analog output voltage
Reference input
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C2
VOUT
VREF
AGND
CS
Analog ground
Chip-select input
SDIO
SCLK
Serial data input/output
Clock input for serial data transfer
4
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DAC1220
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
At TA = +25°C, AVDD = DVDD = +5.0V, fXIN = 2.5MHz, VREF = 2.5V, C1 = 2.2nF, and calibrated mode, unless otherwise
specified.
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs
FREQUENCY
LARGE-SIGNAL SETTLING TIME
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
400mVPP Ripple
Mid−Range Output
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
1k
10k
0
1
2
3
4
Time (ms)
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
LINEARITY ERROR
vs
vs
FREQUENCY
CODE
10k
1k
10
8
−40°C
+25°C
+85°C
6
100
10
1
4
2
0
2
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
0
10k
20k
30k
40k
Code
50k
60k
70k
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
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DAC1220
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THEORY OF OPERATION
Self-Calibration System
The DAC1220 is a monolithic 20-bit delta-sigma (ΔΣ)
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) designed for
applications requiring extremely high precision. The
delta-sigma topology used in the DAC1220 ensures
20-bit monotonicity over the industrial temperature
range. The DAC1220 can also be operated in 16-bit
mode, which gives a faster settling time at the
expense of higher noise.
The self-calibration system of the DAC1220
measures the DAC output and calculates appropriate
gain and offset calibration constants. The output
changes during calibration, but can optionally be
disconnected during the procedure.
Offset calibration is performed by setting the DAC
output voltage to mid-scale and repeatedly comparing
the DAC output to the VREF voltage using an
auto-zeroed comparator, which is re-zeroed after
every comparison. The comparator results are
recorded and averaged, two’s complement adjusted,
and placed in the Offset Calibration Register.
The core of the DAC1220 consists of an interpolation
filter and a second-order delta-sigma modulator. The
output of the modulator is passed to a first-order
switched-capacitor filter in series with a second-order
continuous-time filter, which generates the output
voltage.
Gain calibration is performed in a similar way, except
To increase settling time, the DAC1220 can adjust its
filter cutoff frequency when it detects a voltage output
step of greater than approximately 40mV. This
behavior can be disabled.
that
the
correction
is
done
against
an
internally-generated reference voltage, and the final
register value is calculated differently. The Full-Scale
Calibration Register result represents the gain code
and is not two’s complement adjusted. Changing the
Gain Register value can change the range of
voltages that are output for the same digital codes,
An onboard self-calibration facility compensates for
internal offset and gain errors. Calibration values may
be stored and loaded externally if desired.
centered on VREF
.
The DAC1220 can be put into a sleep mode, in which
power consumption is cut by about 1/6 to
approximately 0.45mW. In sleep mode, the output is
disconnected.
BASIC CONNECTIONS
A schematic showing basic connections to the
DAC1220 is given in Figure 5.
The DAC1220 is controlled using a synchronous
serial interface, using either two or three wires. The
interface may be operated bidirectionally or
unidirectionally; readback is optional.
+5V
µ
4.7 F
Ceramic
DVDD
XOUT
XIN
SCLK
SDIO
CS
SPI CLOCK
12pF(1)
12pF(1)
SPI DATA
2.5MHz
From Chip Select or Ground
DGND
AVDD
DNC
DNC
DNC
AGND
VREF
VOUT
C2
+2.5V from
Voltage Reference
+5V
VOUT
(2)
C2
(2)
C1
µ
4.7 F
Ceramic
C1
NOTES: (1) Depends on crystal and board layout. (2) See text for recommended values.
Figure 5. DAC1220 Schematic
6
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DAC1220
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Output
Digital Connections
The output voltage range is nominally 0V to 2 × VREF
.
The digital lines, except for the crystal oscillator lines,
operate at TTL-compatible CMOS logic levels. They
can be driven from 3.3V logic sources.
It does not go below ground. The output amplifier is
not designed for heavy loads; it can drive a maximum
of 0.5mA. At power-on and during sleep mode, the
amplifier is disconnected, so the output is high
impedance.
In noise-sensitive applications, it may be helpful to
keep the level transition rates on the digital lines
slow. Fast transitions can couple through the device
to the output, causing noise. Rate limiting can be
done with resistance or even an RC filter.
The output is not fully linear to the rails; maximum
linearity is specified from (AGND + 20mV) to (AVDD
–
20mV). For linearity from 0–5V, AVDD can be
increased to 5.02V or more, and AGND can be
decreased to –20mV or less. As long as the specified
operating limits are observed, this will not damage
the device.
Clock Oscillator
The DAC1220 has a built-in crystal oscillator at pins
XIN and XOUT. To use it, connect a crystal and load
capacitors as shown in Figure 5.
Filter Capacitors
12pF load capacitors are shown in the schematic, but
the correct value depends mainly on the crystal and
layout, and not on the oscillator itself. Load
The continuous-time output filter requires two external
capacitors to operate. The recommended values of
these capacitors depend on whether the DAC1220
will be operated in 16-bit or 20-bit mode, and are
shown in Table 1.
capacitance
affects
startup
time,
oscillation
frequency, and reliability. If startup is unreliable, try
lowering the capacitor values. Remember that
parasitic board and pin capacitance can be a
significant portion of the crystal load capacitance.
Table 1. Filter Capacitor Values
When the crystal oscillator is operating, a sinusoidal
signal of relatively low amplitude will be observed at
both the XIN and XOUT pins.
CAPACITOR
16-BIT MODE
2.2nF
20-BIT MODE
10nF
C1
C2
0.22nF
3.3nF
The typical frequency to use with the DAC1220 is
2.5MHz. Deviating too far from this may alter noise
and settling time, as well as timing characteristics.
The capacitors should be stable and high grade. Film
types, or other capacitors designed for precision
filtering, are strongly recommended. Low-quality
capacitors will degrade performance significantly.
Connecting an External Clock
The C1 and C2 pins are very sensitive. It is critical to
surround them with a guard ring at the reference
voltage for best noise performance. See the Layout
section for more information.
An external clock signal can be connected at XIN. A
CMOS or TTL logic signal can be used. If an external
clock signal is used, XOUT should be left unconnected.
In some cases, an RC filter on the clock line may
reduce noise.
Voltage Reference
The voltage reference input is designed for +2.5V. At
this voltage, the output will range from ground to
approximately 5V, as noted above.
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Serial Interface
Most designs will use a single power supply for AVDD
and DVDD. In these designs, the supplies ramp
simultaneously, which is acceptable. In those designs
that use separate sources for AVDD and DVDD, the
two supplies must be sequenced properly. This is
easily done using a Schottky diode, as shown in
Figure 6. The diode ensures that DVDD will not
exceed AVDD by more than a Schottky diode drop.
The DAC1220 can be operated from most SPI
peripherals, or it can be bit-banged.
Note that if SDIO is operated bidirectionally, it may be
necessary to place a pullup resistor on the line, so
that the line will not be floating.
The serial clock is limited to one-tenth of the master
clock frequency. For a 2.4576MHz master clock, the
serial clock may be no faster than 245.76kHz. The
designer should bear this in mind, as it may prevent
the DAC1220 from being shared with other SPI
devices or placed on an SPI bus, which may run
much faster.
Brownouts and Power-On Reset
The DAC1220 incorporates a power-on reset (POR)
circuit. The circuit will trigger as long as the power
supply ramps up at 50mV/ms or faster. If the power
supply ramps more slowly than this, the POR may not
trigger.
If the DAC1220 is placed on a shared SPI bus, the
chip-select line must be controlled; otherwise, it can
be grounded.
The DAC1220 does not have a brownout detector.
The POR circuit will not retrigger unless the supply
voltages have approached ground. Because of this, if
the supply falls to a low voltage, it may corrupt the
logic of the DAC1220, causing it to operate erratically
or to fail entirely. It may be necessary to forcibly
discharge the supply, since the DAC1220 may
occasionally fail to detect the SCLK reset pattern in
this condition.
Although the SDIO line is bidirectional, it can be
operated as an input only, as long as no register
reads are performed. The DAC1220 can be operated
without register reads, although for situations
requiring high reliability, this is not recommended,
since the device registers and operation cannot be
directly verified.
The SCLK reset pattern serves in place of a reset
pin. See the SCLK Reset Pattern section for
information.
Power Supplies
The DAC1220 has separate analog and digital power
supply connections. Both are intended to operate at
+5V.
Supply Decoupling
Both supply pins should be heavily decoupled at the
device for best performance. A 10μF multi-layer
ceramic capacitor can be used for this, or a tantalum
capacitor in parallel with a small (0.1μF) ceramic
capacitor can be used. Both capacitors, particularly
the ceramic capacitor, should be placed as close to
the pins as possible being decoupled.
The digital supply must never exceed the analog
supply by more than 300mV. If it does, the DAC1220
may be permanently damaged. The analog supply
may be greater than the digital supply without
damage, however.
5V
Digital
Supply
DVDD
5V
Analog
Supply
AVDD
Figure 6. Supply Sequence Protection
8
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DAC1220
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DIGITAL INTERFACE
Timing
The serial interface is synchronous and controlled by the SCLK input. The DAC1220 latches incoming bits on the
falling edge of SCLK, and shifts outgoing bits on the rising edge of SCLK. An external interface should shift
outgoing bits on the rising edge of SCLK, and latch incoming bits on the falling edge of SCLK. The relevant
waveforms are illustrated in the timing diagrams (see Figure 7 to Figure 11). Timing numbers are given in
Table 2 through Table 4.
tXIN
t1
t2
XIN
Figure 7. XIN Clock Timing
Table 2. XIN Timing Characteristics
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
MIN
1
NOM
MAX
2.5
UNITS
MHz
ns
fXIN
tXIN
t1
XIN clock frequency
XIN clock period
XIN clock high
400
1000
0.4 × tXIN
0.4 × tXIN
ns
t2
XIN clock low
ns
t3
t4
t5
SCLK
t6
t7
SDIO
t8
Figure 8. Serial Input/Output Timing
Table 3. Serial I/O Timing Characteristics
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
MIN
5 × tXIN
5 × tXIN
40
NOM
MAX
UNITS
ns
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
SCLK high
SCLK low
ns
Data in valid to SCLK falling edge (setup)
SCLK falling edge to data in not valid (hold)
Data out valid to rising edge of SCLK (hold)
SCLK rising edge to new data out valid (delay)
ns
20
ns
0
ns
50
ns
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t9
t14
SCLK
SDIO
IN7
IN7
IN1
IN1
IN0
INM
IN1
IN0
IN7
IN7
Write Register Data
SDIO
IN0
OUTM
OUT1 OUT0
Read Register Data
Figure 9. Serial Interface Timing (CS Low)
t15
CS
t10
t10
t9
SCLK
IN7
IN1
IN1
IN0
INM
IN1
IN0
IN7
SDIO
SDIO
Write Register Data
IN7
IN0
OUTM
OUT1 OUT0
IN7
Read Register Data
Figure 10. Serial Interface Timing (Using CS)
CS
t11
t12
t10
SCLK
SDIO
t13
IN7
IN0
OUT MSB
OUT0
t9
SDIO is an input
SDIO is an output
Figure 11. SDIO Input to Output Transition Timing
Table 4. Serial Interface Timing Characteristics
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNITS
ns
Falling edge of last SCLK for command to
rising edge of first SCLK for register data
t9
13 × tXIN
11 × tXIN
8 × tXIN
t10
t11
t12
t13
Falling edge of CS to rising edge of SCLK
ns
Falling edge of last SCLK for command to SDIO as
output
10 × tXIN
ns
SDIO as output to rising edge of first SCLK
for register data
4 × tXIN
ns
ns
Falling edge of last SCLK for register data to SDIO
tri-state
4 × tXIN
6 × tXIN
Falling edge of last SCLK for register data to
rising edge of first SCLK of next command (CS tied
low)
t14
t15
41 × tXIN
22 × tXIN
ns
ns
Rising edge of CS to falling edge of CS (using CS)
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The chip-select pin CS is active low. When CS is
high, activity on SCLK is ignored. There are certain
timing limits and delays which apply to the
manipulation of CS, as shown in Figure 10. These
must be observed, or the DAC1220 may malfunction.
SCLK Reset Pattern
The DAC1220 does not have a dedicated reset pin.
Instead, it contains a circuit which waits for a special
pattern to appear on SCLK, and triggers the internal
hardware reset line when it detects the special
pattern.
If CS is not used, it should be tied low. When CS is
tied low, different timing limits and delays must be
observed, as shown in Figure 9. If these are violated,
the DAC1220 may malfunction.
This pattern, called the SCLK reset pattern, is shown
in Figure 12, with timing information given in Table 5.
The pattern is very different from the usual clocking
patterns which appear on SCLK, and is unlikely to be
detected by accident during normal operation.
The serial interface is byte-oriented. All data is
transferred in groups of eight bits.
The SCLK reset pattern can only be triggered when
CS is low. When CS is high, the SCLK line is ignored,
and the SCLK reset pattern is not detected.
I/O Recovery
The DAC1220 has a timeout on the serial interface. If
fCLK is 2.5MHz, the timeout is approximately 100ms.
At 2.5MHz, if a command is interrupted, and no
activity occurs on the SCLK or CS lines for 100ms,
the DAC1220 will cancel the command. If the
command was a write command, no registers are
affected.
The timeout period scales with the frequency of fCLK
.
Reset On
Falling Edge
t17
t17
SCLK
t16
t18
t19
Figure 12. Resetting the DAC1220
Table 5. Reset Timing Characteristics
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNITS
ns
t16
t17
t18
t19
First high period
Low period
512 × tXIN
10 × tXIN
800 × tXIN
ns
Second high period
Third high period
1024 × tXIN
2048 × tXIN
1800 × tXIN
2400 × tXIN
ns
ns
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PROGRAMMING
Commands
Communication with the DAC1220 consists entirely of
commands, which access the DAC1220 registers.
Commands consist of a command byte followed by
one, two or three data bytes. The data bytes can be
sent to the DAC1220 or read from the DAC1220,
depending on whether the command is a read
command or a write command.
Registers
There are four registers in the DAC1220, as shown in
the register map in Table 11. The Data Input Register
(DIR) and the two calibration registers are 24 bits in
length, and the Command Register (CMR), which
contains configuration bits, is 16 bits in length.
The format of the command byte is shown in Table 6,
and the bits are described in Table 7. DAC1220
commands access the register map, which is shown
in Table 11. A DAC1220 command can read or write
one byte, or two or three adjacent bytes, in the
register map.
Modes
The DAC1220 has three operating modes: Sleep,
Normal, and Self Calibration.
In Sleep mode, the DAC1220 output is off (high
impedance), and much of the internal circuitry is
switched off. In this mode the DAC1220 draws little
power. The oscillator continues to run, however.
Sleep is the mode entered after reset.
Bit and Byte Order
The order of the bits of data bytes in a command is
configurable. The DAC1220 can be programmed to
output data bytes MSB first or LSB first. The
command byte is always transmitted MSB first. See
the description of the MSB bit in Table 6 for further
details. The order of the data bytes themselves is
also configurable. See the description of the BD bit in
Table 13 for details. Note that the BD bit does not
affect the command byte; this always comes first.
In Normal mode, the DAC1220 is fully active, and the
output is on.
In Self Calibration mode, the DAC1220 runs its
self-calibration sequence. After the sequence is
complete, the DAC1220 switches to Normal mode.
See the Calibration section for more information.
Table 6. Command Byte Format
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R/W
MB
0
ADR
Table 7. Command Byte Bits
BIT(S)
NAME
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
7
R/W
0
1
Write to register map
Read from register map
Number of bytes to read or write
1 byte
6–5
MB
00b
01b
10b
11b
0–15
2 bytes
3 bytes
Reserved; do not use
Start address in register map
3–0
ADR
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Startup Sequence
Since the calibration functions are linear, calibration
results can be averaged for greater precision. For
example, it may be beneficial to perform several
self-calibrations in succession, record the result of
each, average them together, and store the averages
in the OCR and FCR.
At startup, the following procedure should generally
be followed to properly initialize the DAC1220:
1. If the DAC1220 is being clocked from a crystal,
wait for the oscillator to start—at least
25ms—before attempting to communicate with it.
Trying to communicate with the DAC1220 before
the crystal oscillator has reached its final
frequency will usually result in corrupt
communication.
Self-Calibration Procedure
To perform a self-calibration, place the DAC1220 into
Self Calibration mode by setting the MD1 bit to '0'
and the MD0 bit to '1' in the Command Register. At a
clock frequency of 2.5MHz, self-calibration takes
between 300ms and 500ms; the actual time is
indeterminate and depends on the results.
2. Optionally apply the SCLK reset pattern. This
should also only be done once the oscillator is
started, since the pattern is detected using
oscillator cycles. Applying the reset pattern at
power-up ensures that the DAC1220 is reset
properly, and not lingering in an unknown state in
If the CALPIN bit in the Command Register is '1', the
output remains connected during calibration. The
DAC voltage will change during the calibration
process. This can be important if the DAC output is
loaded significantly; disconnecting the output during
calibration places a high load impedance on the
output amplifier, which may be different from normal
operation.
case
of
POR
failure,
brownout,
etc.
After a successful reset, the DAC1220 enters
Normal mode.
3. Set up the Command Register as desired. This
may include changing the mode from Sleep to
Self Calibration or Normal.
4. Calibrate the DAC1220. Although this step is
optional, the DAC1220 should almost always be
calibrated. It is permissible to run calibration
every time, or to use values from a previous
calibration. See the Calibration section for details.
If the CALPIN bit in the Command Register is '0', the
output will be disconnected during calibration. If this
is the case, when calibration begins, the DAC1220
briefly charges the C2 capacitor to the current output
voltage. If the output is buffered, C2 effectively
becomes a sample-and-hold capacitor, so that the
final output voltage remains during calibration.
After calibration, the DAC1220 returns to Normal
mode. The DAC1220 is ready to accept data once it
is in Normal mode, but calibration or the use of saved
calibration values is highly recommended.
When the calibration is complete, the DAC1220
switches to Normal mode. If the output was
disconnected, it is reconnected at that time. The end
of the calibration procedure can be detected by
polling the MD1 and MD0 bits. When they become 0,
the calibration is complete.
Calibration
Calibration is governed by two registers. The Offset
Calibration Register (OCR) stores
a
value
determining the offset calibration, and the Full-Scale
Calibration Register (FCR) stores a value determining
the gain calibration.
If readback is not being performed, simply wait at
least 500ms before sending further commands to the
device, assuming that the clock frequency is 2.5MHz.
The value in the OCR is scaled and additive. It has a
linear relationship to the generated offset calibration
voltage. The value in the FCR is scaled and
multiplicative. It has a linear relationship to the
generated gain calibration multiplier.
Once calibration is complete, the OCR and FCR
contain the results of the calibration, and the new
constants are effective immediately.
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Setting the Output Voltage
The code may be given in either straight binary or
offset two's complement format. This is controlled by
the DF bit in the Command Register (see the register
description in Table 13 for details). The two data
format options and the 16- or 20-bit option give rise to
four transfer functions, which are shown in Table 8.
For reference, several ideal output voltages for given
input codes are shown in Table 9.
To set the DAC1220 output voltage, write a code to
the Data Input Register (DIR). A write to any of the
bytes in the DIR causes the voltage to change at the
completion of the write command.
The DAC1220 operates in either 16- or 20-bit mode.
The DIR is 24 bits wide, and the code stored in it is
left justified, with the least significant bits ignored.
Therefore, in 16-bit mode, only the upper 16 bits of
the DIR are significant, and in 20-bit mode, only the
upper 20 bits of the DIR are significant.
Note that the DIR code can also be considered a
24-bit number. This may be convenient in software. In
this case the transfer functions for 16- and 20-bit
modes are the same, except that in 16-bit mode the
code is truncated by eight bits, and in 20-bit mode the
code is truncated by four bits.
In 20-bit mode, all three bytes of the DIR must be
written to in order to completely update the code. In
16-bit mode, it is only necessary to write to the two
upper bytes; a write to the lower byte has no effect on
the output.
Table 8. Transfer Functions
DATA FORMAT
Offset two's complement
20-BIT MODE
16-BIT MODE
code)219
code)215
VOUT + 2VREF
VOUT + 2VREF
VOUT + 2VREF
220
216
Straight binary
code
220
code
VOUT + 2VREF
216
Table 9. Example Output Voltages
APPROXIMATE
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
(1)
RESOLUTION
DATA FORMAT
Two's complement
Straight binary
CODE
8000h
0000h
8000h
0000h
0000h
8000h
0000h
8000h
7FFFh
FFFFh
7FFFFh
FFFFFh
DIR CONTENT
8000xxh
0000xxh
80000xh
00000xh
0000xxh
8000xxh
00000xh
80000xh
7FFFxxh
FFFFxxh
7FFFFxh
FFFFFxh
16-bit
0V
Two's complement
Straight binary
20-bit
16-bit
20-bit
16-bit
20-bit
Two's complement
Straight binary
2.5V
Two's complement
Straight binary
Two's complement
Straight binary
5V
Two's complement
Straight binary
(1) x = Do not care
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Fast Settling Mode
To speed up settling, the DAC1220 can change the
cutoff frequency of its output filter. Raising the cutoff
frequency causes the DAC1220 to settle faster, but at
the expense of higher noise. The adaptive filtering
mode provides a good compromise by increasing the
filter frequency only while the DAC is changing its
output by more than approximately 40mV. When the
output has settled, the filter frequency is reduced
again.
REGISTERS
The register map is shown in Table 11.
Table 11. Register Memory Map
ADDRESS
CONTENT
DIR byte 2 (MSB)
0
1
DIR byte 1
2
DIR byte 0 (LSB)
Reserved
Adaptive filtering is controlled by the ADPT and DISF
bits in the Command Register. The action of these
bits together is described in Table 10.
3
4
CMR byte 1 (MSB)
CMR byte 0 (LSB)
Reserved
5
6
Table 10. Fast Settling Modes
7
Reserved
ADPT
DISF
8
OCR byte 2 (MSB)
OCR byte 1
(CMR bit 15) (CMR bit 4)
FAST SETTLING MODE
9
0
0
Fast settling only during > 40mV
step
10
11
12
13
14
15
OCR byte 0 (LSB)
Reserved
0
1
1
0
Disabled
Fast settling always on (filter cutoff
increased)
FCR byte 2 (MSB)
FCR byte 1
1
1
Disabled
FCR byte 0 (LSB)
Reserved
space
Command Register (CMR)
The command register contains the configuration bits of the DAC1220. It is shown in Table 12. The bits in the
command register are shown in Table 13.
Writes to the CMR take effect at the negative edge of SCLK during the last bit of the last byte of the write
command.
blank
Table 12. Command Register
15
14
13
12
Reserved
R-0
11
Reserved
R-1
10
Reserved
R-0
9
8
ADPT
R/W-0
CALPIN
R/W-0
Reserved
R-1(1)
CRST
R/W-0
Reserved
R-0
(1) In early versions of the DAC1220, this bit was rw-0. See the Calibration section for details.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RES
R/W-0
CLR
R/W-0
DF
DISF
R/W-0
BD
MSB
R/W-0
MD
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-10b
LEGEND: R = Read, W = Write
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Table 13. Command Register Bits
BIT(S)
NAME
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
Controls adaptive filtering. if DISF is set, this bit has no effect.
Adaptive filtering enabled (default).
15
ADPT
0
1
0
1
Adaptive filtering disabled.
14
13
CALPIN
Output is disconnected (high impedance) during calibration (default).
Output is connected during calibration.
Reserved
Write '1' to this bit. On early versions of the device, this bit is writable and
defaults to zero, but still should be set to '1'. On current devices this bit is read-
only and always reads '1'. See the Calibration section for details.
12
11
10
9
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
CRST
Read-only. Always '0'.
Read-only. Always '0'.
Read-only. Always '0'.
In Normal mode, writing '1' to this bit resets the calibration registers, setting
OCR to 000000h and FCR to 800000h. In Normal mode, this bit always reads
'0'.
In Sleep mode, this bit is read/write, and has no effect.
Writing '1' to this bit and switching to Normal mode at the same time will reset
the calibration registers.
0
1
Do not clear calibration registers.
Clear calibration registers.
8
7
Reserved
RES
Read-only. Always '0'.
Selects resolution.
0
1
16-bit resolution (default).
20-bit resolution.
6
CLR
In Normal mode, writing '1' to this bit writes 0 to the data register.
In Sleep mode, this bit is read/write, and has no effect.
Writing '1' to this bit and switching to Normal mode at the same time will reset
the data register.
The actual voltage that the DAC1220 will output on setting this bit depends on
the data format selected by DF. If DF is 1, zero gives 0V; if DF is 0, zero gives
VREF (mid-scale).
0
1
Do not clear calibration registers.
Clear calibration registers.
5
4
3
DF
DISF
BD
Selects binary number format of the data register.
Offset two's complement (default).
0
1
Straight binary.
Can be used to inhibit fast settling and/or adaptive filtering. See text for details.
Fast settling and/or adaptive filtering enabled (default).
Fast settling disabled; filter always at default cutoff.
0
1
Selects address increment or decrement when reading or writing multiple bytes,
except when writing to the command register. The command register is always
written to in increment mode (most significant byte first). Reads from the
command register are according to this bit.
0
1
Address is incremented after each byte (default).
Address is decremented after each byte.
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Table 13. Command Register Bits (continued)
BIT(S)
NAME
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
2
MSB
Selects the order in which bits are shifted in and out of the DAC1220, except
when writing to the command register. The command register is always written
to MSB first. Reads from the command register are according to this bit.
0
1
Data is shifted MSB first (default).
Data is shifted LSB first.
Operating mode.
1-0
MD
00b
01b
Normal mode (default).
Self calibration mode. (No other bits should be changed in the Command
Register when setting this mode.)
10b
11b
Sleep mode.
Reserved.
Data Input Register (DIR)
The Data Input Register determines the output
voltage in Normal mode.
After reset, the OCR contains zero. See the
Calibration section for further details about the OCR.
In Sleep mode, writing to this register has no effect
on the output, but the value is stored. The value in
the DIR becomes effective immediately upon entering
Normal mode.
Full-Scale Calibration Register (FCR)
The Full-Scale Calibration Register stores the gain
calibration constant. The content of the DIR is
adjusted multiplicatively by this value before
conversion by the DAC.
After reset, the DIR contains zero.
See the section, Setting the Output Voltage for further
details about the Data Input Register.
In Sleep mode, writing to this register has no effect
on the output, but the value is stored. The value in
the FCR becomes effective immediately upon
entering Normal mode.
Offset Calibration Register (OCR)
The Offset Calibration Register contains a 24-bit
two's complement value. This value is added to the
value in the DIR before conversion by the DAC.
After reset, the FCR contains 800000h.
See the Calibration section for further details about
the FCR.
In Sleep mode, writing to this register has no effect
on the output, but the value is stored. The value in
the OCR becomes effective immediately upon
entering Normal mode.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
Note that the delays are slightly different if chip-select
(CS) is not being used.
Layout Recommendations
The DAC1220 is a high-precision analog component
Timing delays from the beginning of an SPI byte
incorporating digital elements. Achieving good
transmission
are
a
common
problem
in
precision is not difficult, but achieving excellent
precision may require several attempts.
microcontroller firmware that uses an SPI peripheral.
Be sure that any delay routine begins once a byte
has completed transmission, or add the byte
transmission time to the delay time.
It is critical to supply a guard ring, or fill, around the
C1 and C2 pins. The guard ring should be connected
to the voltage reference. These nodes are very
sensitive, and are good places for noise to couple
through to the output. A ground fill on the opposite
side of the board, or a ground plane, is also a good
idea.
Some programmers may find that bit-banging, or
direct manipulation of microcontroller I/O pins, is the
easiest way to communicate with the DAC1220,
because of the delays and direction changes
required.
The capacitors themselves should be placed as near
the pins as possible. In particular, the traces leading
from C1 and C2 should be kept very short. The traces
leading to VOUT and VREF can be longer.
Write-Only Interfacing
In some situations, such as isolated interfacing, it is
inconvenient to use the DAC1220 bidirectionally,
since the SDIO pin changes direction for readback.
The DAC1220 can be used write-only. The following
considerations apply:
It is also very important to route digital traces away
from analog traces, so that their associated return
currents will not couple into the analog side.
•
When used write-only, it is not possible to verify
that the DAC1220 is operating using its serial
interface alone. The operation of the DAC is
open-loop.
It may be helpful to wait at least 150ms-200ms
after startup. This ensures that, in case the reset
was a result of firmware problems and not
power-up, any previous communication with the
DAC has been cancelled by the I/O recovery
timeout.
When applying the SCLK reset pattern, which can
be done in place of the above steps, allow time for
the oscillator to start before applying the pattern.
The pattern is detected based on oscillator cycles,
so it will not be detected if the oscillator is not yet
running.
If a crystal is used, do not route the traces connecting
the crystal to the device through vias, if possible,
because this will increase the trace inductance and
may affect startup and reliability. Keep the traces
short, and place the crystal close to the device. Keep
in mind that extra ground planes and trace lengths
increase parasitic capacitance, and this should be
deducted from the load capacitor values.
•
Software Considerations
•
A
key to communicating successfully with the
DAC1220 is observing the delays in the interface
timing diagrams. A violation of these delays, at best,
results in lack of correct output; at worse, violating the
delays can corrupt communications entirely.
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Isolation
Full-Scale Range (FSR)—This is the magnitude of
the typical analog output voltage range, which is 2 ×
VREF. For example, when the converter is configured
with a 2.5V reference, the Full-Scale range is 5.0V.
The DAC1220 serial interface allows for connection
using as few as two wires. This is an advantage
when galvanic isolation is required. An example
isolated connection is shown in Figure 13. Here,
chip-select is unused and therefore grounded, and
the DAC1220 is being operated unidirectionally.
Gain Error—This error represents the difference in
the slope between the actual and ideal transfer
functions.
Linearity Error—The deviation of the actual transfer
function from an ideal straight line between the data
end points.
DAC1220 Revisions
As of this writing, there have been two released
revisions of the DAC1220. The only difference
between the two versions is bit 13 of the Command
Register. In the first revision, this bit was writable,
and defaulted to '0'. In the current revision, which was
released in 1999, this bit is fixed at '1', and is not
writable.
Least Significant Bit (LSB) Weight—This is the
ideal change in voltage that the analog output
changes with a change in the digital input code of
1LSB.
Monotonicity—Monotonicity assures that the analog
output will increase or stay the same for increasing
digital input codes.
For first revision chips, always write a '1' to this bit.
Although the bit is not critical, performance is not
optimal unless this bit is set.
Offset Error—The difference between the expected
and actual output, when the output is zero. The value
This does no harm in current revision chips, and
ensures that first revision chips perform optimally.
is calculated from measurements made when VOUT
20mV.
=
Settling Time—The time it takes the output to settle
to a new value after the digital code has been
changed.
Definition of Terms
Differential Nonlinearity Error—The difference
between an actual step width and the ideal value of
1LSB. If the step width is exactly 1LSB, the
differential nonlinearity error is zero. A differential
nonlinearity specification of less than 1LSB ensures
monotonicity.
fXIN —The frequency of the crystal oscillator or
CMOS-compatible input signal at the XIN input of the
DAC1220.
Drift—The change in a parameter over temperature.
Isolated
Power
DVDD
Opto
Coupler
8051
P1.1
P1.0
DAC1220
C1
12pF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DVDD
XOUT
XIN
SCLK 16
SDIO 15
CS 14
Opto
Coupler
XTAL
C2
12pF
DGND
AVDD
DNC
DNC
DNC
AGND 13
VREF 12
VOUT 11
C2 10
AVDD
VREF
= Isolated
= DGND
= AGND
VOUT
C2
C1
C1
9
Figure 13. Isolation for Two-Wire Interface
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REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision F (March, 2008) to Revision G ................................................................................................. Page
•
Revised Table 4, Serial Interface Timing Characteristics; changed INSR to command for all occurrences ...................... 10
Changes from Revision E (December 2007) to Revision F ............................................................................................ Page
•
•
Updated device graphic to TI logo ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Changed description of the 01b row in the 1-0 bits section of Table 13 ............................................................................ 16
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
16-Aug-2012
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Status (1)
Eco Plan (2)
MSL Peak Temp (3)
Samples
Orderable Device
Package Type Package
Drawing
Pins
Package Qty
Lead/
Ball Finish
(Requires Login)
DAC1220E
DAC1220E/2K5
DAC1220E/2K5G4
DAC1220EG4
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
SSOP
SSOP
SSOP
SSOP
DBQ
DBQ
DBQ
DBQ
16
16
16
16
75
2500
2500
75
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
16-Aug-2012
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
B0
K0
P1
W
Pin1
Diameter Width (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Quadrant
(mm) W1 (mm)
DAC1220E/2K5
SSOP
DBQ
16
2500
330.0
12.4
6.4
5.2
2.1
8.0
12.0
Q1
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
16-Aug-2012
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type Package Drawing Pins
SSOP DBQ 16
SPQ
Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
367.0 367.0 35.0
DAC1220E/2K5
2500
Pack Materials-Page 2
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other
changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46C and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48B. Buyers should
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相关型号：
DAC122S085CIMM/NOPB
IC SERIAL INPUT LOADING, 6 us SETTLING TIME, 12-BIT DAC, PDSO10, MSOP-10, Digital to Analog Converter
NSC
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