LMR38010-Q1 [TI]
SIMPLE SWITCHER® 汽车类 4.2V 至 80V、1A 同步降压转换器;型号: | LMR38010-Q1 |
厂家: | TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
描述: | SIMPLE SWITCHER® 汽车类 4.2V 至 80V、1A 同步降压转换器 转换器 |
文件: | 总38页 (文件大小:1713K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
LMR38010-Q1
ZHCSP93A –FEBRUARY 2023 –REVISED MAY 2023
LMR38010-Q1 具有40µA IQ 的4.2V 至80V、1A 汽车类同步SIMPLE SWITCHER®
电源转换器
1 特性
3 说明
• 符合面向汽车应用的AEC-Q100 标准
LMR38010-Q1 同步降压转换器用于在宽输入电压范围
内进行调节,从而尽可能减少对外部浪涌抑制元件的需
求。LMR38010-Q1 能够在输入电压突降至 4.2V 时根
据需要以接近 100% 的占空比继续工作,因而是 48V
电池汽车应用和MHEV/EV 系统的理想选择。
– 温度等级1:–40°C 至+125°C,TA
• 功能安全型
– 可提供用于功能安全系统设计的文档
• 专用于条件严苛的汽车应用
– 4.2V 至80V 输入电压范围
– 1A 持续输出电流
LMR38010-Q1 使用精密使能端,通过支持直接连接到
宽输入电压或对器件启动和关断进行精确控制来提供灵
活性。附带内置滤波和延迟功能的电源正常状态标志可
提供系统状态的真实指示,免去了使用外部监控器的麻
烦。该器件采用假随机展频,具有超低 EMI,并且开
关频率可以在 200kHz 和2.2MHz 之间配置,从而避开
噪声敏感频带。另外,可以选择频率,从而在低工作频
率下提高效率,或在高工作频率下缩小解决方案尺寸。
– 40µA 超低静态工作电流
– VIN 和GND 引脚之间的距离大于1.5mm
– 可调节开关频率范围为200kHz 至2.2MHz
– 与外部时钟频率同步
– 展频可降低EMI
– 97% 最大占空比
– 支持带预偏置输出的启动
– 室温下±1.0% 容差电压基准
– 精密使能端
– 器件易于使用,具有集成补偿网络,可实现较少
的BOM 数量
– 集成同步整流
该器件具有内置的保护功能,例如逐周期电流限制、断
续模式短路保护以及功耗过大情况下的热关断功能。
LMR38010-Q1 符合汽车 AEC-Q100 1 级标准并采用 8
引脚HSOIC PowerPAD 集成电路封装。
封装信息
封装(1)
– 采用PowerPAD™ 集成电路封装的8 引脚
封装尺寸(标称值)
器件型号
HSOIC
LMR38010-Q1
DDA(HSOIC,8) 4.89mm × 3.90mm
– PFM 和强制PWM (FPWM) 选项
– 提供2A 版本LMR38020-Q1
• 使用LMR38010-Q1 并借助WEBENCH® Power
Designer 创建定制设计
(1) 如需了解所有可用封装,请参阅数据表末尾的可订购产品附
录。
2 应用
• 汽车逆变器和电机控制
• 汽车直流/直流转换器
• 汽车电池管理系统
• 汽车48V 轻混合动力ECU 偏置电源
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
BOOT
VIN
CIN
VIN
EN
CBOOT
VOUT
COUT
SW
L1
PGND
PFM, VIN=24V
PFM, VIN=36V
PFM, VIN=48V
PFM, VIN=64V
FPWM, VIN=24V
FPWM, VIN=36V
FPWM, VIN=48V
FPWM, VIN=64V
40%
30%
PG
FB
RT/SYNC
RFBT
RT
20%
10%
0
RFBB
0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5
1
Load Current (A)
简化原理图
效率与输出电流间的关系VOUT = 5V,400kHz
本文档旨在为方便起见,提供有关TI 产品中文版本的信息,以确认产品的概要。有关适用的官方英文版本的最新信息,请访问
www.ti.com,其内容始终优先。TI 不保证翻译的准确性和有效性。在实际设计之前,请务必参考最新版本的英文版本。
English Data Sheet: SNVSC72
LMR38010-Q1
ZHCSP93A –FEBRUARY 2023 –REVISED MAY 2023
www.ti.com.cn
Table of Contents
8.4 Device Functional Modes..........................................17
9 Application and Implementation..................................19
9.1 Application Information............................................. 19
9.2 Typical Application.................................................... 20
9.3 Best Design Practices...............................................27
9.4 Power Supply Recommendations.............................27
9.5 Layout....................................................................... 27
10 Device and Documentation Support..........................31
10.1 Device Support....................................................... 31
10.2 Documentation Support.......................................... 31
10.3 接收文档更新通知................................................... 31
10.4 支持资源..................................................................31
10.5 Trademarks.............................................................31
10.6 静电放电警告.......................................................... 32
10.7 术语表..................................................................... 32
11 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
1 特性................................................................................... 1
2 应用................................................................................... 1
3 说明................................................................................... 1
4 Revision History.............................................................. 2
5 Device Comparison Table...............................................3
6 Pin Configuration and Functions...................................3
7 Specifications.................................................................. 4
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................ 4
7.2 ESD Ratings............................................................... 4
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions.........................4
7.4 Thermal Information....................................................5
7.5 Electrical Characteristics.............................................5
7.6 System Characteristics............................................... 7
7.7 Typical Characteristics................................................8
8 Detailed Description........................................................9
8.1 Overview.....................................................................9
8.2 Functional Block Diagram...........................................9
8.3 Feature Description.....................................................9
Information.................................................................... 32
4 Revision History
注:以前版本的页码可能与当前版本的页码不同
Changes from Revision * (February 2023) to Revision A (May 2023)
Page
• 将文档状态从“预告信息”更改为“量产数据”................................................................................................1
Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated
English Data Sheet: SNVSC72
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5 Device Comparison Table
ORDERABLE PART NUMBER
LMR38010SQDDARQ1
CURRENT
1 A
FPWM
No
SPREAD SPECTRUM
Yes
Yes
LMR38010FSQDDARQ1
1 A
Yes
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
GND
EN
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
SW
BOOT
PG
EP
VIN
RT/SYNC
FB
图6-1. DDA Package 8-Pin HSOIC (Top View)
表6-1. Pin Functions
PIN
I/O
DESCRIPTION
NAME
GND
EN
NO.
1
Power and analog ground terminal. All electrical parameters are measured with respect to this pin.
Connect a high-quality bypass capacitor directly to this pin and VIN with short and wide traces.
G
A
P
2
Enable input to regulator. High = ON, low = OFF. Can be connected directly to VIN. Do not float.
Input supply to the regulator. Connect a high-quality bypass capacitor or capacitors directly to this pin
and GND with short and wide traces.
VIN
3
Resistor timing or external clock input. An internal amplifier holds this pin at a fixed voltage when
using an external resistor to ground to set the switching frequency. If the pin is pulled above the PLL
upper threshold, a mode change occurs and the pin becomes a synchronization input. The internal
amplifier is disabled and the pin is a high impedance clock input to the internal PLL. If clocking edges
stop, the internal amplifier is re-enabled and the operating mode returns to frequency programming
by resistor.
RT/SYNC
4
A
Feedback input to the regulator. Connect to tap point of the feedback voltage divider. Do not float. Do
not ground.
FB
5
6
A
A
Open-drain power-good flag output. Connect to a suitable voltage supply through a current limiting
resistor. High = power OK, low = power bad. The flag pulls low when EN = low. Can be left open
when not used.
PG
Bootstrap supply voltage for the internal high-side driver. Connect a high-quality 100-nF capacitor
from this pin to the SW pin.
BOOT
SW
7
8
P
P
Regulator switch node. Connect to a power inductor.
THERMAL
PAD
EP
Thermal Connect to system ground.
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7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Over junction temperature range of -40°C to 150°C (unless otherwise noted)(1)
MIN
MAX
85
UNIT
V
VIN to PGND
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–3.5
–0.3
–40
EN to PGND
VIN+0.3
5.5
V
Input voltage
FB to PGND
V
RT/SYNC to PGND
BOOT to SW
5.5
V
5.5
V
SW to PGND
85
V
Output voltage
SW to PGND less than 10-ns transients
PGOOD to PGND
85.3
20
V
V
Junction Temperature TJ
Storage temperature, Tstg
150
150
°C
°C
–65
(1) Operation outside the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent device damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings do not imply
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those listed under Recommended Operating Conditions. If
used outside the Recommended Operating Conditions but within the Absolute Maximum Ratings, the device may not be fully
functional, and this may affect device reliability, functionality, performance, and shorten the device lifetime.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
UNIT
Human body model (HBM), per AEC Q100-002(1)
Device HBM Classification Level 2
±2000
V(ESD)
Electrostatic discharge
V
Charged device model (CDM), per AEC Q100-011
Device CDM Classification Level C5
±750
(1) AEC Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
Over the recommended operating junction temperature range of -40°C to 150°C (unless otherwise noted) (1)
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
V
Input voltage
Input voltage
Input voltage
Input voltage
Output voltage
Output voltage
Frequency
Input voltage range after start-up
EN to PGND
4.2
80
VIN
5
V
RT to PGND
V
PGOOD to PGND
20
V
SW to PGND
80
V
Output voltage range for adjustable version (2)
Frequency adjustment range
Synchronization frequency range
Output DC current range LMR38010-Q1 (3)
Operating junction temperature TJ range (4)
1
200
300
0
75
V
2200
2100
1
kHz
kHz
A
Sync frequency
Load current
Temperature
150
°C
–40
(1) Recommended operating conditions indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not ensure specific
performance limits. For compliant specifications, see Electrical Characteristics table.
(2) Under no conditions must the output voltage be allowed to fall below zero volts.
(3) Maximum continuous DC current can be derated when operating with high switching frequency, high ambient temperature, or both.
See Application section for details.
(4) High junction temperatures degrade operating lifetimes. Operating lifetime is de-rated for junction temperatures greater than 150℃.
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English Data Sheet: SNVSC72
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7.4 Thermal Information
LMR38010-Q1
THERMAL METRIC(1)
DDA (HSOIC)
UNIT
8 PINS
42.9
29
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
RθJA(Effecitve)
RθJC(top)
RθJB
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance with TI EVM board
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
54
13.6
4.3
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
ψJT
13.8
4.3
ψJB
RθJC(bot)
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
7.5 Electrical Characteristics
Limits apply over operating junction temperature (TJ ) range of –40°C to +150°C, unless otherwise stated. Minimum and
Maximum limits(1) are specified through test, design or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely
parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise stated, the following
conditions apply: VIN = 24 V.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
Needed to start up
4.2
3.8
V
V
VIN_OPERATE Input operating voltage
Once operating
IQ(Non-SW)
ISD
Non-switching quiescent current
VEN = 3.3 V (PFM variant only)
40
3
µA
Shutdown quiescent current;
measured at VIN pin
VEN = 0 V
10
µA
ENABLE
VEN-H
Enable input high level
Enable input low level
VEN rising
VEN falling
VEN = 3.3 V
1.1
1.25
1.10
5.0
1.4
V
V
VEN-L
0.95
1.22
ILKG-EN
Enable input leakage current
nA
VOLTAGE REFERENCE (FB PIN)
VREF
Feedback reference voltage
Vin = 4.2 V to 80 V, TJ = 25°C, FPWM
0.99
1
1
1.01
V
V
VREF
Feedback reference voltage
Feedback leakage current
FPWM
0.985
1.015
ILKG-FB
FB = 1.2 V
2.1
nA
CURRENT LIMITS AND HICCUP
IHS-LIMIT
ILS-LIMIT
IL-ZC
High-side current limit(2)
1-A Version
1.3
0.9
1.6
1.2
1.9
1.5
A
A
A
A
A
Low-side current limit(2)
1-A Version
Zero cross detector threshold
Minimum inductor peak current(2)
Negative current limit(2)
PFM variants only
0.01
0.25
–0.5
IPEAK-MIN
IL-NEG
POWER STAGE
1-A Version, PFM variants only
1-A Version, FPWM variant only
RDS-ON-HS
RDS-ON-LS
tON-MIN
High-side MOSFET ON-resistance
303
133
80
mΩ
mΩ
ns
Low-side MOSFET ON-resistance
Minimum switch on-time(3)
Minimum switch off-time
VIN =24 V, Iout = 1 A
131
300
tOFF-MIN
tON-MAX
190
5
ns
Maximum switch on-time
us
SWITCHING FREQUENCY AND SYNCHRONIZATION
FOSC Switching frequency
320
400
480
kHz
RT = 64.9 kΩ
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7.5 Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Limits apply over operating junction temperature (TJ ) range of –40°C to +150°C, unless otherwise stated. Minimum and
Maximum limits(1) are specified through test, design or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely
parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise stated, the following
conditions apply: VIN = 24 V.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Spread of internal oscillator with
Spread
Spectrum Enabled
FSPREAD
-8
8
2
%
VSYNC_HI
SYNC clock high level threshold
V
V
VSYNC_LO SYNC clock low level threshold
0.6
High duration needed to be recognized
as a pulse
tPULSE_H
50
ns
us
Time needed for clock to lock to a valid
CLOCK
230
synchronization signal in sync cycles
STARTUP AND TRACKING
tSS
POWER GOOD
VPG-HIGH-UP Power-Good upper threshold - rising
VPG-LOW-DN
Internal soft-start time
4
ms
% of FB voltage
110%
90%
112%
92%
114%
94%
Power-Good lower threshold - falling
% of FB voltage
% of FB voltage
Power-Good hysteresis (rising &
falling)
VPG-HYS
2.2%
Minimum input voltage for proper
Power-Good function
VPG-VALID
2
V
RPG
RPG
Power-Good on-resistance
Power-Good on-resistance
VEN = 0 V
140
92
Ω
Ω
VEN = 3.3 V
Glitch filter time constant for
PGOOD function
tPGDFLT(fall)
40
us
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
(4)
TSD-Rising
Thermal shutdown
Thermal shutdown
Shutdown threshold
Recovery threshold
163
150
℃
℃
(4)
TSD-Falling
(1) MIN and MAX limits are 100% production tested at 25℃. Limits over the operating temperature range verified through correlation using
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
(2) The current limit values in this table are tested, open loop, in production. They can differ from those found in a closed loop application.
(3) Not production tested. Specified by correlation by design at 1-A load.
(4) Not production tested. Specified by design.
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7.6 System Characteristics
The following specifications apply to a typical application circuit with nominal component values. Specifications in the typical
(TYP) column apply to TJ = 25℃only. Specifications in the minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) columns apply to the case
of typical components over the temperature range of TJ = –40℃to 150℃. These specifications are not ensured by
production testing.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
VIN
Operating input voltage range
Adjustable output voltage regulation(1)
Adjustable output voltage regulation(1)
4.2
80
V
VOUT
VOUT
PFM operation
2.5%
1.5%
–1.5%
–1.5%
FPWM operation
VIN = 24 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 0 A,
RFBT = 1 MΩ, PFM variant
ISUPPLY
DMAX
VHC
Input supply current when in regulation
Maximum switch duty cycle(2)
40
97%
0.4
5
µA
FB pin voltage required to trip short-circuit
hiccup mode
V
ns
%
tD
Switch voltage dead time
Frequency span of spread spectrum
operation
FsSS
±4
TSD
TSD
Thermal shutdown temperature
Thermal shutdown temperature
Shutdown temperature
Recovery temperature
163
150
°C
°C
(1) Deviation in VOUT from nominal output voltage value at VIN = 24 V, IOUT = 0 A to full load
(2) In dropout the switching frequency drops to increase the effective duty cycle. The lowest frequency is clamped at approximately: FMIN
= 1 / (tON-MAX + tOFF-MIN). DMAX = tON-MAX /(tON-MAX + tOFF-MIN).
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7.7 Typical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified the following conditions apply: TA = 25°C, VIN = 24 V, fSW = 400 kHz
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
200
150
100
50
PFM, VIN=24V
PFM, VIN=36V
PFM, VIN=48V
PFM, VIN=64V
FPWM, VIN=24V
FPWM, VIN=36V
FPWM, VIN=48V
FPWM, VIN=64V
0
0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5
1
0
20
40
60
80
Load Current (A)
Input Voltage (V)
FSW = 400 kHz
VOUT = 12.0 V
VOUT = 5 V
RFBB = 100 k
L = 33 μH (PFM)
图7-1. Efficiency vs Load Current
图7-2. No Load Input Current vs Input Voltage
6
5
4
3
2
1.01
1.005
1
0.995
IOUT = 0A
IOUT = 0.5A
IOUT = 1A
0.99
3
4
5
6
7
8
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100 125 150 175
FPWM version
Input Voltage (V)
Temperature (oC)
IOUT = 1 A
FSW = 400 kHz
VOUT = 5.0 V
PFM version
Input voltage = 48 V
图7-3. 5-V Dropout
图7-4. Reference Voltage vs Temperature
2.5
2
5
UVLO Down (VIN)
UVLO Up (VIN)
4.6
4.2
3.8
3.4
3
1.5
1
HS Current Limit
LS Current Limit
0.5
-50
0
50
100
150
-50
0
50
100
150
Temperature(oC)
Temperature (oC)
VOUT = 3.3 V
FPWM version
图7-6. VIN UVLO vs Temperature
图7-5. High-Side and Low-Side Current Limit vs
Temperature
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The LMR38010-Q1 converter is an easy-to-use synchronous step-down DC-DC converter that operates from a
4.2-V to 80-V supply voltage. The device is capable of delivering up to 1-A DC load current in a small solution
size. The LMR38010-Q1 employs peak-current mode control. The device enters PFM mode at light load to
achieve high efficiency for PFM version. A FPWM version is provided to achieve low output voltage ripple, tight
output voltage regulation, and constant switching frequency at light load. The device is internally compensated,
which reduces design time, and requires few external components.
Additional features, such as precision enable and internal soft start, provide a flexible and easy-to-use solution
for a wide range of applications. Protection features include the following:
• Thermal shutdown
• VIN undervoltage lockout
• Cycle-by-cycle current limit
• Hiccup mode short-circuit protection
The family requires very few external components and has a pinout designed for a simple, optimal PCB layout.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Fixed Frequency Peak Current Mode Control
The LMR38010-Q1 is a step-down synchronous buck converter with integrated high-side (HS) and low-side (LS)
switches (synchronous rectifier). The LMR38010-Q1 supplies a regulated output voltage by turning on the high-
side and low-side NMOS switches with controlled duty cycle. During high-side switch on time, the SW pin
voltage swings up to approximately VIN, and the inductor current, iL, increases with a linear slope (VIN – VOUT) /
L. When the high-side switch is turned off by the control logic, the low-side switch is turned on after an anti-
shoot-through dead time. Inductor current discharges through the low-side switch with a slope of –VOUT / L. The
control parameter of a buck converter is defined as Duty Cycle D = tON / TSW, where tON is the high-side switch
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on time and TSW is the switching period. The converter control loop maintains a constant output voltage by
adjusting the duty cycle D. In an ideal buck converter where losses are ignored, D is proportional to the output
voltage and inversely proportional to the input voltage: D = VOUT / VIN.
VSW
VIN
D = tON/ TSW
tON
tOFF
t
0
TSW
iL
ILPK
IOUT
∆iL
t
0
图8-1. SW Node and Inductor Current Waveforms in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM)
The LMR38010-Q1 employs fixed-frequency peak-current mode control. A voltage feedback loop is used to get
accurate DC voltage regulation by adjusting the peak-current command based on voltage offset. The peak
inductor current is sensed from the high-side switch and compared to the peak current threshold to control the
on time of the high-side switch. The voltage feedback loop is internally compensated, which allows for fewer
external components, making it easy to design and providing stable operation with almost any combination of
output capacitors. The converter operates with fixed switching frequency at normal load condition. At light-load
condition, the LMR38010-Q1 operates in PFM mode to maintain high efficiency (PFM version) or in FPWM mode
for low output voltage ripple, tight output voltage regulation, and constant switching frequency (FPWM version).
8.3.2 Adjustable Output Voltage
A precision 1.0-V reference voltage (VREF) is used to maintain a tightly regulated output voltage over the entire
operating temperature range. The output voltage is set by a resistor divider from the output voltage to the FB pin.
TI recommends to use 1% tolerance resistors with a low temperature coefficient for the FB divider. Select the
bottom-side resistor RFBB for the desired divider current and use 方程式 1 to calculate the top-side resistor RFBT
.
TI recommends RFBT in the range from 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ for most applications. A lower RFBT value can be used if
static loading is desired to reduce VOUT offset in PFM operation. Lower RFBT reduces efficiency at very light load.
Less static current goes through a larger RFBT and can be more desirable when light-load efficiency is critical. TI
does not recommend RFBT larger than 1 MΩ because it makes the feedback path more susceptible to noise.
Larger RFBT values require more carefully designed feedback path on the PCB. The tolerance and temperature
variation of the resistor dividers affect the output voltage regulation.
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VOUT
RFBT
FB
RFBB
图8-2. Output Voltage Setting
V
V
OUT − REF
V
R
=
× R
(1)
FBT
FBB
REF
8.3.3 Enable
The voltage on the EN pin controls the ON or OFF operation of the LMR38010-Q1. A voltage below 0.95 V shuts
the device down, while a voltage above 1.4 V is required to start the converter. The EN pin is an input and
cannot be left open or floating. The simplest way to enable the operation of the LMR38010-Q1 is to connect the
EN to VIN. This allows self-start-up of the LMR38010-Q1 when VIN is within the operating range.
Many applications benefit from the employment of an enable divider RENT and RENB (图 8-3) to establish a
precision system UVLO level for the converter. System UVLO can be used for supplies operating from utility
power as well as battery power. System UVLO can be used for sequencing, making sure the user has reliable
operation or supply protection, such as a battery discharge level. An external logic signal can also be used to
drive EN input for system sequencing and protection. Note that the EN pin voltage must never be higher than VIN
+ 0.3 V.
VIN
RENT
EN
RENB
图8-3. System UVLO by Enable Divider
8.3.4 Switching Frequency and Synchronization (RT/SYNC)
The switching frequency of the LMR38010-Q1 can be programmed by the resistor RT from the RT/SYNC pin
and GND pin. The RT/SYNC pin cannot be left floating or shorted to ground. To determine the timing resistance
for a given switching frequency, use 方程式 2 or the curve in 图 8-4. 表 8-1 gives typical RT values for a given
fSW
.
− 1.027
R
kΩ = 30970 × f
kHz
SW
(2)
T
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图8-4. RT Versus Frequency Curve
表8-1. Typical Frequency Setting RT Resistance
fSW (kHz)
RT (kΩ)
133
200
400
64.9
52.3
34.8
25.5
16.9
12.7
11.5
500
750
1000
1500
2000
2200
The LMR38010-Q1 switching action can also be synchronized to an external clock from 300 kHz to 2.1 MHz.
Connect a square wave to the RT/SYNC pin through either circuit network shown in 图 8-5. The internal
oscillator is synchronized by the falling edge of external clock. The recommendations for the external clock
include: high level no lower than 2.0 V, low level no higher than 0.6 V, and have a pulse width greater than 50 ns.
When using a low impedance signal source, the frequency setting resistor RT is connected in parallel with an AC
coupling capacitor, CCOUP, to a termination resistor, RTERM (for example, 50 Ω). The two resistors in series
provide the default frequency setting resistance when the signal source is turned off. A 10-pF ceramic capacitor
can be used for CCOUP. , and show the device synchronized to an external system clock.
C
COUP
PLL
RT/SYNC
PLL
RT/SYNC
R
T
Lo-Z
Clock
Source
Hi-Z
Clock
Source
R
R
T
TERM
图8-5. Synchronizing to an External Clock
8.3.5 Power-Good Flag Output
The power-good flag function (PG output pin) of the LMR38010-Q1 can be used to reset a system
microprocessor whenever the output voltage is out of regulation. This open-drain output goes low under fault
conditions, such as current limit and thermal shutdown, as well as during normal start-up. A glitch filter prevents
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false flag operation for short excursions of the output voltage, such as during line and load transients. Output
voltage excursions lasting less than tPG do not trip the power-good flag. Note that during initial power up, a delay
of approximately 4 ms (typical) is inserted from the time that EN is asserted to the time that the power-good flag
goes high. This delay only occurs during start-up and is not encountered during normal operation of the power-
good function.
The power-good output consists of an open-drain NMOS, requiring an external pullup resistor to a suitable logic
supply. It can also be pulled up to either VCC or VOUT, through a 100-kΩ resistor, as desired. If this function is
not needed, the PG pin must be left floating. When EN is pulled low, the flag output is also forced low. With EN
low, power good remains valid as long as the input voltage is greater than or equal to 2 V (typical). Limit the
current into the power-good flag pin to less than 5-mA D.C. The maximum current is internally limited to
approximately 35 mA when the device is enabled and approximately 65 mA when the device is disabled. The
internal current limit protects the device from any transient currents that can occur when discharging a filter
capacitor connected to this output.
VOUT
VPG-HIGH_UP (112%)
VPG-HIGH-UP – VPG-HYS
VPG-LOW-DN + VPG-HYS
VPG-LOW-DN (92%)
PG
High = Power Good
Low = Fault
图8-6. Static Power-Good Operation
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Glitches do not cause false opera on nor reset mer
VOUT
VPG-LOW-DN + VPG-HYS
VPG-LOW-DN (92%)
< tPG
PG
tPG
tPG
tPG
图8-7. Power-Good Timing Behavior
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8.3.6 Minimum On Time, Minimum Off Time, and Frequency Foldback
Minimum on time (TON_MIN) is the smallest duration of time that the high-side switch can be on. TON_MIN is
typically 75 ns in the LMR38010-Q1. Minimum off time (TOFF_MIN) is the smallest duration that the high-side
switch can be off. TOFF_MIN is typically 190 ns. In CCM operation, TON_MIN and TOFF_MIN limit the voltage
conversion range without switching frequency foldback.
The minimum duty cycle without frequency foldback allowed is:
D
= T
× f
SW
(3)
(4)
MIN
ON − MIN
The maximum duty cycle without frequency foldback allowed is:
D
= 1 −
T
× f
MAX
OFF − MIN SW
Given a required output voltage, the maximum VIN without frequency foldback can be found by:
V
OUT
V
=
(5)
IN_MAX
T
× f
ON − MIN
SW
The minimum VIN without frequency foldback can be calculated by:
V
OUT
V
=
(6)
IN_MIN
1 − T
× f
SW
OFF − MIN
In the LMR38010-Q1, a frequency foldback scheme is employed after TON_MIN or TOFF_MIN is triggered, which
can extend the maximum duty cycle or lower the minimum duty cycle.
The on time decreases while VIN voltage increases. After the on time decreases to TON_MIN, the switching
frequency starts to decrease while VIN continues to go up, which lowers the duty cycle further to keep VOUT in
regulation according to 方程式3.
The frequency foldback scheme also works after larger duty cycle is needed under low VIN condition. The
frequency decreases after the device hits its TOFF_MIN, which extends the maximum duty cycle according to 方程
式 4. In such condition, the frequency can be as low as approximately 133 kHz minimum. Wide range of
frequency foldback allows the LMR38010-Q1 output voltage stay in regulation with a much lower supply voltage
VIN, which leads to a lower effective dropout.
The fixed frequency operation at FPWM mode with switching frequency greater than 1.2 MHz, is maintained with
minimum load current about 100 mA for wider input voltage range. And for very light load and switching
frequency over 1.2 MHz, frequency drop can be expected during mintoff frequency foldback.
With frequency foldback, VIN_MAX is raised, and VIN_MIN is lowered by decreased fSW
.
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1400
1250
1100
950
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
800
650
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
50
60
70
80
Input Voltage (V)
Input Voltage (V)
VOUT = 5 V
FSW = 1.1 MHz
VOUT = 5 V
IOUT = 1 A
FSW = 1.1 MHz
IOUT = 1 A
图8-9. Typical Frequency Foldback at TOFF_MIN
图8-8. Typical Frequency Foldback at TON_MIN
8.3.7 Bootstrap Voltage
The LMR38010-Q1 provides an integrated bootstrap voltage converter. A small capacitor between the BOOT
and SW pins provides the gate drive voltage for the high-side MOSFET. The bootstrap capacitor is refreshed
when the high-side MOSFET is off and the low-side switch conducts. The recommended value of the bootstrap
capacitor is 0.1 µF. TI recommends a ceramic capacitor with an X7R or X5R grade dielectric with a voltage rating
of 16 V or higher for stable performance over temperature and voltage.
8.3.8 Overcurrent and Short Circuit Protection
The LMR38010-Q1 is protected from overcurrent conditions by cycle-by-cycle current limit on both the peak and
valley of the inductor current. Hiccup mode is activated if a fault condition persists to prevent overheating.
High-side MOSFET overcurrent protection is implemented by the nature of the peak current mode control. The
high-side switch current is sensed when the high-side is turned on after a set blanking time. The high-side switch
current is compared to the output of the error amplifier (EA) minus slope compensation every switching cycle.
The peak current of high-side switch is limited by a clamped maximum peak current threshold, IHS-LIMIT, which is
constant.
The current going through the low-side MOSFET is also sensed and monitored. When the low-side switch turns
on, the inductor current begins to ramp down. The low-side switch is turned OFF at the end of a switching cycle
if its current is above the low-side current limit, ILS_LIMIT. The low-side switch is kept on so that inductor current
keeps ramping down until the inductor current ramps below the ILS_LIMIT. Then the low-side switch is turned OFF
and the high-side switch is turned on after a dead time. This is somewhat different to the more typical peak
current limit and results in 方程式7 for the maximum load current.
If the feedback voltage is lower than 40% of VREF, the current of the low-side switch triggers ILS_LIMIT for 256
consecutive cycles and hiccup current protection mode is activated. In hiccup mode, the converter shuts down
and stays off for a period of hiccup, THICCUP (76-ms typical), before the LMR38010-Q1 tries to start again. If
overcurrent or short-circuit fault condition still exist, hiccup repeats until the fault condition is removed. Hiccup
mode reduces power dissipation under severe overcurrent conditions and prevents overheating and potential
damage to the device.
V
V
V
OUT
IN − OUT
L × 2 × f
I
= I
+
×
(7)
OUT
MAX
LS
V
IN
SW
For FPWM version, the inductor current is allowed to go negative. When this current exceeds the low-side
negative current limit, ILS_NEG, the low-side switch is turned off and high-side switch is turned on immediately.
This is used to protect the low-side switch from excessive negative current.
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8.3.9 Soft Start
The integrated soft-start circuit prevents input inrush current impacting the LMR38010-Q1 and the input power
supply. Soft start is achieved by slowly ramping up the target regulation voltage when the device is first enabled
or powered up. The typical soft-start time is 4.0 ms.
The LMR38010-Q1 also employs overcurrent protection blanking time, TOCP_BLK (18-ms typical), at the
beginning of power up. Without this feature, in applications with a large amount of output capacitors and high
VOUT, the inrush current is large enough to trigger current-limit protection, which can make the device enter into
hiccup mode. The device tries to restart after the hiccup period, then hits the current limit and enters into hiccup
mode again, so VOUT cannot ramp up to the setting voltage ever. By introducing the OCP blanking feature, the
hiccup protection function is disabled during TOCP_BLK, and LMR38010-Q1 charges the VOUT with its maximum
limited current, which maximizes the output current capacity during this period. Note that the peak current limit
(IHS_LIMIT) and valley current limit (ILS_LIMIT) protection functions are still available during TOCP_BLK, so there is no
concern of inductor current running away.
8.3.10 Thermal Shutdown
The LMR38010-Q1 provides an internal thermal shutdown to protect the device when the junction temperature
exceeds 163°C. Both high-side and low-side FETs stop switching in thermal shutdown. After the die temperature
falls below 150°C, the device reinitiates the power-up sequence controlled by the internal soft-start circuitry.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Auto Mode
In auto mode, the device moves between PWM and PFM as the load changes. At light loads, the regulator
operates in PFM. At higher loads, the mode changes to PWM.
In PWM, the regulator operates as a constant frequency, current mode, full-synchronous converter using PWM
to regulate the output voltage. While operating in this mode, the output voltage is regulated by switching at a
constant frequency and modulating the duty cycle to control the power to the load. This provides excellent line
and load regulation and low output voltage ripple.
In PFM, the high-side MOSFET is turned on in a burst of one or more pulses to provide energy to the load. The
duration of the burst depends on how long it takes the inductor current to reach IPEAK-MIN. The frequency of
these bursts is adjusted to regulate the output, while diode emulation is used to maximize efficiency (see the
Glossary). This mode provides high light-load efficiency by reducing the amount of input supply current required
to regulate the output voltage at small loads. This trades off very good light-load efficiency for larger output
voltage ripple and variable switching frequency. Also, a small increase in output voltage occurs at light loads.
The actual switching frequency and output voltage ripple depend on the input voltage, output voltage, and load.
8.4.2 Forced PWM Operation
The forced PWM option is choiced for cases when constant frequency operation is more important than light-
load efficiency.
In FPWM operation, the diode emulation feature is turned off. This means that the device remains in CCM under
light loads. Under conditions where the device must reduce the on time or off time below the compliant minimum
to maintain regulation, the frequency reduces to maintain the effective duty cycle required for regulation. This
occurs for very high and very low input and output voltage ratios. In FPWM mode, a limited reverse current is
allowed through the inductor, allowing power to pass from the output of the regulator to the input of the regulator.
Note that in FPWM mode, larger currents pass through the inductor, if lightly loaded, than in auto mode. After
loads are heavy enough to necessitate CCM operation, FPWM mode has no measurable effect on regulator
operation.
8.4.3 Dropout
The dropout performance of any buck regulator is affected by the RDSON of the power MOSFETs, the DC
resistance of the inductor, and the maximum duty cycle that the controller can achieve. As the input voltage is
reduced to the output voltage, the off time of the high-side MOSFET starts to approach the minimum value.
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Beyond this point, the switching can become erratic and the output voltage falls out of regulation. To avoid this
problem, the LMR38010-Q1 automatically reduces the switching frequency to increase the effective duty cycle
and maintain regulation. In this data sheet, the dropout voltage is defined as the difference between the input
and output voltage when the output has dropped by 1% of the nominal value. Under this condition, the switching
frequency has dropped to its minimum value of about 140 kHz. Note that the 0.4-V short circuit detection
threshold is not activated when in dropout mode.
8.4.4 Minimum Switch On Time
Every switching regulator has a minimum controllable on time dictated by the inherent delays and blanking times
associated with the control circuits. This imposes a minimum switch duty cycle, therefore, a minimum conversion
ratio. The constraint is encountered at high input voltages and low output voltages. To help extend the minimum
controllable duty cycle, the LMR38010-Q1 automatically reduces the switching frequency when the minimum on-
time limit is reached. This way, the converter can regulate the lowest programmable output voltage at the
maximum input voltage. An estimate for the approximate input voltage for a given output voltage, before
frequency foldback occurs, is found in 方程式 8 . As the input voltage is increased, the switch on time (duty
cycle) reduces to regulate the output voltage. When the on time reaches the limit, the switching frequency drops,
while the on time remains fixed.
V
OUT
V
≤
(8)
IN
t
× f
ON
SW
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9 Application and Implementation
备注
以下应用部分中的信息不属于TI 器件规格的范围,TI 不担保其准确性和完整性。TI 的客 户应负责确定
器件是否适用于其应用。客户应验证并测试其设计,以确保系统功能。
9.1 Application Information
The LMR38010-Q1 step-down DC-to-DC converter is typically used to convert a higher DC voltage to a lower
DC voltage with a maximum output current of 1 A. The following design procedure can be used to select
components for the LMR38010-Q1. Alternately, use the WEBENCH Design Tool to generate a complete design.
This tool uses an iterative design procedure and has access to a comprehensive database of components. This
allows the tool to create an optimized design and allows the user to experiment with various options.
备注
All of the capacitance values given in the following application information refer to effective values
unless otherwise stated. The effective value is defined as the actual capacitance under DC bias and
temperature, not the rated or nameplate values. Use high-quality, low-ESR, ceramic capacitors with
an X7R or better dielectric throughout. All high value ceramic capacitors have a large voltage
coefficient in addition to normal tolerances and temperature effects. Under DC bias the capacitance
drops considerably. Large case sizes and higher voltage ratings are better in this regard. To help
mitigate these effects, multiple capacitors can be used in parallel to bring the minimum effective
capacitance up to the required value. This can also ease the RMS current requirements on a single
capacitor. A careful study of bias and temperature variation of any capacitor bank must be made to
ensure that the minimum value of effective capacitance is provided.
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9.2 Typical Application
图 9-1 show a typical application circuit for the LMR38010-Q1. This device is designed to function over a wide
range of external components and system parameters. However, the internal compensation is optimized for a
certain range of external inductance and output capacitance. As a quick-start guide, 表 9-1 provides typical
component values for a range of the most common output voltages.
图9-1. Example Application Circuit
表9-1. Typical External Component Values for 1-A Output Current
VIN (V)
NOMINAL COUT (RATED MINIMUM COUT (RATED
ƒSW
(kHz)
VOUT (V)
L (µH)
RFBT (Ω)
RFBB (Ω)
CAPACITANCE)
CAPACITANCE)
Typical
400
1000
400
48
24
48
24
48
5
33
10
68
15
68
3 × 22 µF
2 × 22 µF
1× 22 µF
2 × 10 µF
1 × 22 µF
2 × 22 µF
2 × 15 µF
1 × 15 µF
1 × 10 µF
1 × 15 µF
100 k
100 k
100 k
100 k
100 k
24.9 k
24.9 k
9.09 k
9.09 k
4.32 k
5
12
12
24
1000
500
9.2.1 Design Requirements
节9.2.2 provides a detailed design procedure based on 表9-2.
表9-2. Detailed Design Parameters
DESIGN PARAMETER
EXAMPLE VALUE
Input voltage
6 V to 80 V
5 V
Output voltage
Maximum output current
Switching frequency
0 A to 1 A
400 kHz
9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The following design procedure applies to 图9-1and 表9-1.
9.2.2.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools
Click here to create a custom design using the LMR38010-Q1 device with the WEBENCH® Power Designer.
1. Start by entering the input voltage (VIN), output voltage (VOUT), and output current (IOUT) requirements.
2. Optimize the design for key parameters such as efficiency, footprint, and cost using the optimizer dial.
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3. Compare the generated design with other possible solutions from Texas Instruments.
The WEBENCH Power Designer provides a customized schematic along with a list of materials with real-time
pricing and component availability.
In most cases, these actions are available:
• Run electrical simulations to see important waveforms and circuit performance
• Run thermal simulations to understand board thermal performance
• Export customized schematic and layout into popular CAD formats
• Print PDF reports for the design, and share the design with colleagues
Get more information about WEBENCH tools at www.ti.com/WEBENCH.
9.2.2.2 Choosing the Switching Frequency
The choice of switching frequency is a compromise between conversion efficiency and overall solution size.
Lower switching frequency implies reduced switching losses and usually results in higher system efficiency.
However, higher switching frequency allows the use of smaller inductors and output capacitors, hence, a more
compact design. For this example, 400 kHz is used.
9.2.2.3 FB for Adjustable Output
In an adjustable output voltage version, pin 5 of the device is FB. The output voltage of the LMR38010-Q1 is
externally adjustable using an external resistor divider network. The divider network is comprised of RFBT and
RFBB and closes the loop between the output voltage and the converter. The converter regulates the output
voltage by holding the voltage on the FB pin equal to the internal reference voltage, VREF. The resistance of the
divider is a compromise between excessive noise pickup and excessive loading of the output. Smaller values of
resistance reduce noise sensitivity, but also reduce the light-load efficiency. The recommended value for RFBT is
100 kΩ with a maximum value of 1 MΩ. After RFBT is selected, 方程式 9 is used to select RFBB. VREF is
nominally 1 V.
RFBT
RFBB
=
»
…
ÿ
VOUT
VREF
-1
Ÿ
⁄
(9)
For this 5-V example, RFBT = 100 kΩand RFBB = 24.9 kΩis chosen.
9.2.2.4 Inductor Selection
The parameters for selecting the inductor are the inductance and saturation current. The inductance is based on
the desired peak-to-peak ripple current and is normally chosen to be in the range of 20% to 40% of the
maximum output current. Experience shows that the best value for inductor ripple current is 30% of the
maximum load current. Note that when selecting the ripple current for applications with much smaller maximum
load than the maximum available from the device, use the maximum device current. 方程式10 can be used to
determine the value of inductance. The constant K is the percentage of inductor current ripple. For this example,
choose K = 0.4 and find an inductance of L = 28 µH. Select the next standard value of L = 33 µH.
V
− V
V
OUT
IN
OUT
OUT
L =
×
(10)
V
f
× K × I
IN
SW
max
Ideally, the saturation current rating of the inductor is at least as large as the high-side switch current limit, ISC
.
This makes sure that the inductor does not saturate, even during a short circuit on the output. When the inductor
core material saturates, the inductance falls to a very low value, causing the inductor current to rise very rapidly.
Although the valley current limit, ILIMIT, is designed to reduce the risk of current runaway, a saturated inductor
can cause the current to rise to high values very rapidly. This can lead to component damage. Do not allow the
inductor to saturate. Inductors with a ferrite core material have very hard saturation characteristics, but usually
have lower core losses than powdered iron cores. Powered iron cores exhibit a soft saturation, allowing some
relaxation in the current rating of the inductor. However, they have more core losses at frequencies above
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approximately 1 MHz. In any case, the inductor saturation current must not be less than the maximum peak
inductor current at full load.
To avoid subharmonic oscillation, the inductance value must not be less than that given in 方程式11:
V
OUT
L
≥ M ×
(11)
MIN
f
SW
where
• LMIN = minimum inductance (H)
• M = 0.25 for a 1-A device
• ƒSW = switching frequency (Hz)
The maximum inductance is limited by the minimum current ripple for the current mode control to perform
correctly. As a rule-of-thumb, the minimum inductor ripple current must be no less than about 10% of the device
maximum rated current under nominal conditions.
9.2.2.5 Output Capacitor Selection
The current mode control scheme of the LMR38010-Q1 devices allows operation over a wide range of output
capacitance. The output capacitor bank is usually limited by the load transient requirements and stability rather
than the output voltage ripple. Refer to 表 9-1 for typical output capacitor values for 5-V to 24-V output voltages.
For a 5-V output design, TI recommends ceramic output capacitors for this example. For other designs with
other output voltages, WEBENCH can be used as a starting point for selecting the value of output capacitor.
In practice, the output capacitor has the most influence on the transient response and loop-phase margin. Load
transient testing and bode plots are the best way to validate any given design and must always be completed
before the application goes into production. In addition to the required output capacitance, a small ceramic
placed on the output can help reduce high-frequency noise. Small-case size ceramic capacitors in the range of 1
nF to 100 nF can be very helpful in reducing spikes on the output caused by inductor and board parasitics.
Limit the maximum value of total output capacitance to approximately 10 times the design value, or 1000 µF,
whichever is smaller. Large values of output capacitance can adversely affect the start-up behavior of the
regulator as well as the loop stability. If values larger than noted here must be used, then a careful study of start-
up at full load and loop stability must be performed.
9.2.2.6 Input Capacitor Selection
The ceramic input capacitors provide a low impedance source to the regulator in addition to supplying the ripple
current and isolating switching noise from other circuits. A minimum ceramic capacitance of 4.7 µF is required on
the input of the LMR38010-Q1. This must be rated for at least the maximum input voltage that the application
requires, preferably twice the maximum input voltage. This capacitance can be increased to help reduce input
voltage ripple and maintain the input voltage during load transients. In addition, a small case size 100-nF to 220-
nF ceramic capacitor must be used at the input, as close a possible to the regulator. This provides a high
frequency bypass for the control circuits internal to the device. For this example, a 4.7-µF, 100-V, X7R (or better)
ceramic capacitor is chosen. The 100 nF must also be rated at 100 V with an X7R dielectric.
Using an electrolytic capacitor on the input in parallel with the ceramics is desirable. This is especially true if long
leads or traces are used to connect the input supply to the regulator. The moderate ESR of this capacitor can
help damp any ringing on the input supply caused by the long power leads. The use of this additional capacitor
also helps with voltage dips caused by input supplies with unusually high impedance.
Most of the input switching current passes through the ceramic input capacitor or capacitors. The approximate
RMS value of this current can be calculated from 方程式 12 and must be checked against the manufacturers'
maximum ratings.
IOUT
IRMS
@
2
(12)
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9.2.2.7 CBOOT
The LMR38010-Q1 requires a bootstrap capacitor connected between the BOOT pin and the SW pin. This
capacitor stores energy that is used to supply the gate drivers for the power MOSFETs. A high-quality ceramic
capacitor of 100 nF and at least 16 V is required.
9.2.2.8 External UVLO
In some cases, an input UVLO level different than that provided internal to the device is needed. This can be
accomplished by using the circuit shown in 图 9-2. The turn-on voltage is designated as VON while the turn-off
voltage is VOFF. First, a value for RENB is chosen in the range of 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ, then 方程式 13 and 方程式
14 are used to calculate RENT and VOFF
.
VIN
RENT
EN
RENB
图9-2. Setup for External UVLO Application
V
ON
R
V
= R
×
− 1
(13)
(14)
ENT
ENB
V
EN − H
V
ON
= V
×
OFF
EN − L
V
EN − H
where
• VON = VIN turn-on voltage
• VOFF = VIN turn-off voltage
9.2.2.9 Maximum Ambient Temperature
As with any power conversion device, the device dissipates internal power while operating. The effect of this
power dissipation is to raise the internal temperature of the converter above ambient. The internal die
temperature (TJ) is a function of the ambient temperature, the power loss, and the effective thermal resistance,
RθJA, of the device and PCB combination. The maximum junction temperature for the LMR38010-Q1 must be
limited to 150°C. This limit establishes a limit on the maximum device power dissipation and, therefore, the load
current. 方程式 15 shows the relationships between the important parameters. Seeing that larger ambient
temperatures (TA) and larger values of RθJA reduce the maximum available output current is easy. The
converter efficiency can be estimated by using the curves provided in this data sheet. If the desired operating
conditions cannot be found in one of the curves, interpolation can be used to estimate the efficiency.
Alternatively, the EVM can be adjusted to match the desired application requirements and the efficiency can be
measured directly. The correct value of RθJA is more difficult to estimate. As stated in the Semiconductor and IC
Package Thermal Metrics , the values given in the Thermal Information are not valid for design purposes and
must not be used to estimate the thermal performance of the application. The values reported in that table were
measured under a specific set of conditions that are rarely obtained in an actual application.
T
− T
J
R
A
ƞ
1
I
=
×
×
(15)
OUT
MAX
1 − ƞ
V
θJA
OUT
where
• η= efficiency
The effective RθJA is a critical parameter and depends on many factors such as the following:
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• Power dissipation
• Air temperature, flow
• PCB area
• Copper heat-sink area
• Number of thermal vias under the package
• Adjacent component placement
Use the following resources as guides to optimal thermal PCB design and estimating RθJA for a given
application environment:
• AN-2020 Thermal Design By Insight, Not Hindsight application report
• AN-1520 A Guide to Board Layout for Best Thermal Resistance for Exposed Packages application report
• Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application report
• How to Properly Evaluate Junction Temperature with Thermal Metrics application report
• Using New Thermal Metrics application report
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9.2.3 Application Curves
Unless otherwise specified the following conditions apply: VIN = 48 V, L = 33 µH , TA = 25°C.
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
400 kHz
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
400 kHz
图9-3. Start-Up by VIN
图9-4. Start-Up by EN
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
400 kHz
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
No Load
AC Coupled
AC Coupled
图9-6. Full Load Switching
图9-5. PFM Switching
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
Short Recovery
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
1 A to Short
图9-8. Short-Circuit Recovery
图9-7. Short Circuit Applied
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LMR38010-Q1
FPWM
VOUT = 5 V
Bias to 3 V
No Load
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
400 kHz
图9-10. Frequency Synchronization
图9-9. Start-Up with Prebias
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
(AC Coupled)
400 kHz
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
(AC Coupled)
400 kHz
100 mA to 900 mA at 200 mA/µs
10 V to 70 V at 200 V/ms
图9-11. Load Transient
图9-12. Line Transient
12.3
12.2
12.1
12
VIN=24V
VIN=36V
VIN=48V
VIN=64V
11.9
11.8
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Output Current (A)
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 12 V
PFM Version
400 kHz
LMR38010-Q1
VOUT = 5 V
400 kHz
PFM Version
图9-14. 12-V Load Regulation
图9-13. 5-V Load Regulation
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9.3 Best Design Practices
• Do not exceed the Absolute Maximum Ratings.
• Do not exceed the Recommended Operating Conditions.
• Do not exceed the ESD Ratings.
• Do not allow the EN input to float.
• Do not allow the output voltage to exceed the input voltage, nor go below ground.
• Follow all the guidelines and suggestions found in this data sheet before committing the design to production.
TI application engineers are ready to help critique your design and PCB layout to help make your project a
success.
9.4 Power Supply Recommendations
The characteristics of the input supply must be compatible with the Absolute Maximum Ratings and
Recommended Operating Conditions found in this data sheet. In addition, the input supply must be capable of
delivering the required input current to the loaded regulator. The average input current can be estimated with 方
程式16.
V
× I
OUT
OUT
V
I
=
(16)
IN
× ƞ
IN
where
• η= efficiency
If the regulator is connected to the input supply through long wires or PCB traces, special care is required to
achieve good performance. The parasitic inductance and resistance of the input cables can have an adverse
effect on the operation of the regulator. The parasitic inductance, in combination with the low-ESR, ceramic input
capacitors, can form an under damped resonant circuit, resulting in overvoltage transients at the input to the
regulator. The parasitic resistance can cause the voltage at the VIN pin to dip whenever a load transient is
applied to the output. If the application is operating close to the minimum input voltage, this dip can cause the
regulator to momentarily shutdown and reset. The best way to solve these kind of issues is to reduce the
distance from the input supply to the regulator, use an aluminum or tantalum input capacitor in parallel with the
ceramics, or both. The moderate ESR of these types of capacitors help damp the input resonant circuit and
reduce any overshoots. A value in the range of 22 µF to 68 µF is usually sufficient to provide input damping and
help to hold the input voltage steady during large load transients.
Sometimes, for other system considerations, an input filter is used in front of the regulator. This usage can lead
to instability, as well as some of the effects mentioned above, unless designed carefully. The AN-2162 Simple
Success With Conducted EMI From DCDC Converter application report provides helpful suggestions when
designing an input filter for any switching regulator.
In some cases, a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) is used on the input of regulators. One class of this device
has a snap-back characteristic (thyristor type). TI does not recommend the use of a device with this type of
characteristic. When the TVS fires, the clamping voltage falls to a very low value. If this voltage is less than the
output voltage of the regulator, the output capacitors discharge through the device back to the input. This
uncontrolled current flow can damage the device.
The input voltage must not be allowed to fall below the output voltage. In this scenario, such as a shorted input
test, the output capacitors discharges through the internal parasitic diode found between the VIN and SW pins of
the device. During this condition, the current can become uncontrolled, possibly causing damage to the device. If
this scenario is considered likely, then use a Schottky diode between the input supply and the output.
9.5 Layout
9.5.1 Layout Guidelines
The PCB layout of any DC/DC converter is critical to the optimal performance of the design. Bad PCB layout can
disrupt the operation of an otherwise good schematic design. Even if the converter regulates correctly, bad PCB
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layout can mean the difference between a robust design and one that cannot be mass produced. Furthermore,
the EMI performance of the regulator is dependent on the PCB layout, to a great extent. In a buck converter, the
most critical PCB feature is the loop formed by the input capacitor or input capacitors, and power ground, as
shown in 图9-15. This loop carries large transient currents that can cause large transient voltages when reacting
with the trace inductance. These unwanted transient voltages disrupt the proper operation of the converter.
Because of this, the traces in this loop must be wide and short, and the loop area as small as possible to reduce
the parasitic inductance. 图9-16 shows a recommended layout for the critical components of the LMR38010-Q1.
• Place the input capacitor or capacitors as close as possible to the VIN and GND terminals. VIN and
GND pins are adjacent, simplifying the input capacitor placement.
• Place vias around the input capacitors on the VIN and GND planes. Placing vias reduces the effective
inductance and allows for a lower impedance path. Please refer to the evaluation board for guidance.
• Use wide traces for the CBOOT capacitor. Place CBOOT close to the device with short/wide traces to the
BOOT and SW pins.
• Place the feedback divider as close as possible to the FB pin of the device. Place RFBB, RFBT, and CFF,
if used, physically close to the device. The connections to FB and GND must be short and close to those pins
on the device. The connection to VOUT can be somewhat longer. However, this latter trace must not be routed
near any noise source (such as the SW node) that can capacitively couple into the feedback path of the
regulator.
• Use at least one ground plane in one of the middle layers. This plane acts as a noise shield and also act
as a heat dissipation path.
• Connect the thermal pad to the ground plane. The HSOIC package has a thermal pad (PAD) connection
that must be soldered down to the PCB ground plane. This pad acts as a heat-sink connection and an
electrical ground connection for the regulator. The integrity of this solder connection has a direct bearing on
the total effective RθJA of the application.
• Provide wide paths for VIN, VOUT, and GND. Making these paths as wide and direct as possible reduces
any voltage drops on the input or output paths of the converter and maximizes efficiency.
• Provide enough PCB area for proper heat sinking. Enough copper area must be used to keep a low RθJA
commensurate with the maximum load current and ambient temperature. Make the top and bottom PCB
layers with two-ounce copper; and no less than one ounce. With the SOIC package, use an array of heat-
sinking vias to connect the thermal pad (PAD) to the ground plane on the bottom PCB layer. If the PCB
design uses multiple copper layers (recommended), thermal vias can also be connected to the inner layer
heat-spreading ground planes.
,
• Keep switch area small. Keep the copper area connecting the SW pin to the inductor as short and wide as
possible. At the same time the total area of this node must be minimized to help reduce radiated EMI.
See the following PCB layout resources for additional important guidelines:
• AN-1149 Layout Guidelines for Switching Power Supplies application report
• AN-1229 Simple Switcher® PCB Layout Guidelines application report
• Construction Your Power Supply- Layout Considerations
• Low Radiated EMI Layout Made Simple with LM4360x and LM4600x application report
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图9-15. Current Loops with Fast Edges
9.5.1.1 Ground and Thermal Considerations
As mentioned above, TI recommends using one of the middle layers as a solid ground plane. A ground plane
provides shielding for sensitive circuits and traces. A ground plane also provides a quiet reference potential for
the control circuitry. GND pins are connected directly to the source of the low-side MOSFET switch, and also
connected directly to the grounds of the input and output capacitors. The GND net contains noise at the
switching frequency and can bounce due to load variations. The GND trace, as well as the VIN and SW traces,
must be constrained to one side of the ground planes. The other side of the ground plane contains much less
noise and must be used for sensitive routes.
TI recommends providing adequate device heat sinking by using the thermal pad (PAD) of the device as the
primary thermal path. Use a minimum 4 × 3 array of 10-mil thermal vias to connect the PAD to the system
ground plane heat sink. The vias must be evenly distributed under the PAD. Use as much copper as possible, for
system ground plane, on the top and bottom layers for the best heat dissipation. Use a four-layer board with the
copper thickness for the four layers, starting from the top as: 2 oz / 1 oz / 1 oz / 2 oz. A four-layer board with
enough copper thickness, and proper layout, provides low current conduction impedance, proper shielding, and
lower thermal resistance.
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9.5.2 Layout Example
GND
HEATSINK
INDUCTOR
VOUT
COUT
COUT
COUT
GND
CHF
EN
CIN
PGOOD
VIN
RT
RFBB
GND
GND
HEATSINK
VIA
Ground Plane
Top Trace
Bo om Trace
VIA Bo om
图9-16. Example Layout for HSOIC (DDA) Package
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10 Device and Documentation Support
10.1 Device Support
10.1.1 Development Support
10.1.1.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools
Click here to create a custom design using the LMR38010-Q1 device with the WEBENCH® Power Designer.
1. Start by entering the input voltage (VIN), output voltage (VOUT), and output current (IOUT) requirements.
2. Optimize the design for key parameters such as efficiency, footprint, and cost using the optimizer dial.
3. Compare the generated design with other possible solutions from Texas Instruments.
The WEBENCH Power Designer provides a customized schematic along with a list of materials with real-time
pricing and component availability.
In most cases, these actions are available:
• Run electrical simulations to see important waveforms and circuit performance
• Run thermal simulations to understand board thermal performance
• Export customized schematic and layout into popular CAD formats
• Print PDF reports for the design, and share the design with colleagues
Get more information about WEBENCH tools at www.ti.com/WEBENCH.
10.1.2 第三方产品免责声明
TI 发布的与第三方产品或服务有关的信息,不能构成与此类产品或服务或保修的适用性有关的认可,不能构成此
类产品或服务单独或与任何TI 产品或服务一起的表示或认可。
10.2 Documentation Support
10.2.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
• Texas Instruments, AN-2162 Simple Success With Conducted EMI From DCDC Converter application report
• Texas Instruments, AN-2020 Thermal Design By Insight, Not Hindsight application report
• Texas Instruments, AN-1520 A Guide to Board Layout for Best Thermal Resistance for Exposed Packages
application report
• Texas Instruments, How to Properly Evaluate Junction Temperature with Thermal Metrics application report
• Texas Instruments, Using New Thermal Metrics application report
• Texas Instruments, AN-1149 Layout Guidelines for Switching Power Supplies application report
• Texas Instruments, AN-1229 Simple Switcher® PCB Layout Guidelines application report
• Texas Instruments, Construction Your Power Supply- Layout Considerations
• Texas Instruments, Low Radiated EMI Layout Made Simple with LM4360x and LM4600x application report
10.3 接收文档更新通知
要接收文档更新通知,请导航至 ti.com 上的器件产品文件夹。点击订阅更新 进行注册,即可每周接收产品信息更
改摘要。有关更改的详细信息,请查看任何已修订文档中包含的修订历史记录。
10.4 支持资源
TI E2E™ 支持论坛是工程师的重要参考资料,可直接从专家获得快速、经过验证的解答和设计帮助。搜索现有解
答或提出自己的问题可获得所需的快速设计帮助。
链接的内容由各个贡献者“按原样”提供。这些内容并不构成 TI 技术规范,并且不一定反映 TI 的观点;请参阅
TI 的《使用条款》。
10.5 Trademarks
PowerPAD™ and TI E2E™ are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
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SIMPLE SWITCHER® and WEBENCH® are registered trademarks of Texas Instruments.
所有商标均为其各自所有者的财产。
10.6 静电放电警告
静电放电(ESD) 会损坏这个集成电路。德州仪器(TI) 建议通过适当的预防措施处理所有集成电路。如果不遵守正确的处理
和安装程序,可能会损坏集成电路。
ESD 的损坏小至导致微小的性能降级,大至整个器件故障。精密的集成电路可能更容易受到损坏,这是因为非常细微的参
数更改都可能会导致器件与其发布的规格不相符。
10.7 术语表
TI 术语表
本术语表列出并解释了术语、首字母缩略词和定义。
11 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status Package Type Package Pins Package
Eco Plan
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
Samples
Drawing
Qty
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
LMR38010FSQDDARQ1
LMR38010SQDDARQ1
ACTIVE SO PowerPAD
ACTIVE SO PowerPAD
DDA
DDA
8
8
2500 RoHS & Green
2500 RoHS & Green
NIPDAUAG
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 150
-40 to 150
801FSQ
801SQ
Samples
Samples
NIPDAUAG
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based
flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead finish/Ball material - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead finish/Ball material values may wrap to two
lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
17-May-2023
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LMR38010-Q1 :
Catalog : LMR38010
•
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
Catalog - TI's standard catalog product
•
Addendum-Page 2
重要声明和免责声明
TI“按原样”提供技术和可靠性数据(包括数据表)、设计资源(包括参考设计)、应用或其他设计建议、网络工具、安全信息和其他资源,
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保。
这些资源可供使用 TI 产品进行设计的熟练开发人员使用。您将自行承担以下全部责任:(1) 针对您的应用选择合适的 TI 产品,(2) 设计、验
证并测试您的应用,(3) 确保您的应用满足相应标准以及任何其他功能安全、信息安全、监管或其他要求。
这些资源如有变更,恕不另行通知。TI 授权您仅可将这些资源用于研发本资源所述的 TI 产品的应用。严禁对这些资源进行其他复制或展示。
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