SM72441_15 [TI]

SM72441 Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic Solar Panels;


型号：	SM72441_15
厂家：	TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述：	SM72441 Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic Solar Panels
文件：	总15页 (文件大小：702K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

SM72441

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SNOSB64G –OCTOBER 2010–REVISED APRIL 2013

SM72441 Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic Solar

Panels

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FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

The SM72441 is a programmable MPPT controller

capable of controlling four PWM gate drive signals for

a 4-switch buck-boost converter. Along with SM72295

(Photovoltaic Full Bridge Driver) it creates a solution

for an MPPT configured DC-DC converter with

efficiencies up to 98.5%. Integrated into the chip is an

8-channel, 12 bit A/D converter used to sense input

and output voltage and current, as well as board

configuration. Externally programmable values

include maximum output voltage and current as well

as different settings on slew rate, and soft-start.

•

Renewable Energy Grade

•

Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Voltage and Current

Diagnostic

•

Single Inductor Four Switch Buck-boost

Converter Control

•

VOUT Overvoltage Protection

Over-Current Protection

PACKAGE

•

TSSOP-28

Block Diagram

VDDA

VDDD

AVin

AIin

Vin

AIN0

AIN1

Iin

Vout

Iout

HIB

LIB

CS_N

SCLK

AVout

AIout

AIN2

AIN3

MPPT CONTROLLER

HIA

LIA

DIN

ADC

CONTROLLER

ADC

DOUT

AIN4

AIN5

AIN6

AIN7

ADC_C

CLK GEN

VSSA

VSSD

Figure 1. Block Diagram

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

SM72441

SNOSB64G –OCTOBER 2010–REVISED APRIL 2013

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PV(+)

Rsen_in

Gate 2

Gate 4

Current Sensing Amplifier

Rsen_out

Gate 3

0.01 mF

2.2 mF

0.01 mF

2.2 mF

0.01 mF

Gate 1

PV(-)

49.9W

VDDA

VDDD

AIIN

AVIN

NC7

NC1

Current Sensing Amplifier

Current sensing Amplifier

RT1

RT2

RT3

RT4

Current Sensing Amplifier

AIOUT

PWM4

Gate 4

HIB

LIB

HIA

PWM3

PWM2

Gate 3

Gate 2

Gate 1

PWM1

0.1 mF

RB1

0.1 mF

H-Bridge Driver

LIA

SM72441

10k

NC2

NC5

NC6

NC3

RB2

RB3

RB4

150k

10k

NC9

RST

OVP

10k

CONFIGURATION RESISTOR

NC4

NC8

RFB1

AVOUT

VSSD

LED

RFB2

VSSA

Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit

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Connection Diagram

Top View

OVP

LIA

RST

NC1

VDDD

VSSD

NC2

NC3

NC4

NC5

NC6

NC7

LED

HIA

HIB

LIB

NC9

NC8

AIOUT

SM72441

AIIN

AVOUT

VDDA

VSSA

AVIN

Figure 3. TSSOP-28 Package

See Package Drawing PW0028A

Pin Descriptions

Description

Name

RST

Active low signal. External reset input signal to the digital circuit.

No Connect. This pin should be grounded.

NC1

VDDD Digital supply voltage. This pin should be connected to a 5V supply, and bypassed to VSSD with a 0.1uF monolithic

ceramic capacitor.

VSSD Digital ground. The ground return for the digital supply and signals.

NC2

NC3

NC4

NC5

NC6

NC7

LED

No Connect. This pin should be pulled up to the 5V supply using 10k resistor.

No Connect. This pin should be grounded using a 10k resistor.

No Connect. This pin should be pulled up to 5V supply using 10k resistor.

No Connect. This pin should be grounded.

LED pin outputs a pulse during normal operation.

VDDA Analog supply voltage. This voltage is also used as the reference voltage. This pin should be connected to a 5V supply,

and bypassed to VSSA with a 1uF and 0.1uF monolithic ceramic capacitor.

VSSA Analog ground. The ground return for the analog supply and signals.

A/D Input Channel 0. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set the maximum output voltage. Please refer to

application section for more information on setting the resistor value.

AVIN A/D Input to sense input voltage.

A/D Input Channel 2. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set MPPT update rate. Please refer to application section

for more information on setting the resistor value.

AVOUT A/D Input to sense the output voltage.

A/D Input Channel 4. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set the maximum output current. Please refer to

application section for more information on setting the resistor value.

AIIN

A/D Input to sense input current.

A/D Input Channel 6. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set the maximum output voltage slew rate. Please refer to

application section for more information on setting the resistor value.

AIOUT A/D Input to sense the output current.

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Pin Descriptions (continued)

Name

NC8

NC9

LIB

Description

No Connect. This pin should be grounded using a 10k resistor.

No Connect. This pin should be connected with 150k pull-up resistor to 5V supply.

Low side boost PWM output.

HIB

High side boost PWM output.

HIA

High side buck PWM output.

LIA

Low side buck PWM output.

OVP

Overvoltage Protection Pin. Active Low. SM72441 will reset once voltage on this pin drops below its threshold voltage.

These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam

during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

Absolute Maximum Ratings⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾

Analog Supply Voltage V_A(VDDA -VSSA)

Analog Supply Voltage V_D(VDDD -VSSD)

Voltage on Any Pin to GND

-0.3 to 6.0V

-0.3 to V_A+0.3V, max 6.0V

-0.3 to V_A+0.3V

±10 mA

Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3)

Package Input Current (Note 3)

Storage Temperature Range

±20 mA

-65°C to +150°C

2 kV

ESD Rating⁽³⁾

Human Body Model

(1) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under

which operation of the device is ensured. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but

does not ensure specific performance limits. For specified performance limits and associated test conditions, see the Electrical

Characteristics tables.

(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and

specifications.

(3) The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin.

Recommended Operating Conditions

Operating Temperature

-40°C to 105°C

+4.75V to +5.25V

+4.75V to V_A

0 to V_A

V_ASupply Voltage

V_DSupply Voltage

Digital Input Voltage

Analog Input Voltage

Junction Temperature

0 to V_A

-40°C to 125°C

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Electrical Characteristics

Specifications in standard typeface are for T_J= 25°C, and those in boldface type apply over the full operating junction

temperature range.⁽¹⁾

Symbol

Parameter

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

ANALOG INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

AVin, AIin

Input Range

AVout, AIout

0 to V_A

I_DCL

DC Leakage Current

Input Capacitance⁽²⁾

±1

µA

Track Mode

Hold Mode

C_INA

DC Voltage Measurement

Accuracy

V_ERR

0.1

DIGITAL INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

V_IL

Input Low Voltage

Input High Voltage

Digital Input Capacitance⁽²⁾

Input Current

2.8

0.8

V_IH

C_IND

I_IN

µA

±0.01

±1

DIGITAL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

V_OH

V_OL

Output High Voltage

Output Low Voltage

I_SOURCE= 200 µA V_A= V_D= 5V

V_D-0.5

I_SINK= 200 µA to 1.0 mA V_A= V_D= 5V

0.4

Hi-Impedance Output Leakage

Current

I_OZH, I_OZL

C_OUT

V_A= V_D= 5V

±1

µA

Hi-Impedance Output

Capacitance⁽²⁾

POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS (C_L= 10 pF)

Analog and Digital Supply

Voltages

V_A,V_D

V_A≥ V_D

4.75

5.25

I_A+ I_D

P_C

Total Supply Current

Power Consumption

V_A= V_D= 4.75V to 5.25V

PWM OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

f_PWM

PWM switching frequency

Dead time

210

kHz

t_DEAD

(1) Min and Max limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are specified through correlation

using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Limits are used to calculate Texas Instrument’s Average Outgoing Quality Level

(AOQL).

(2) Not tested. Specified by design.

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OPERATION DESCRIPTION

OVERVIEW

The SM72441 is a programmable MPPT controller capable of outputting four PWM gate drive signals for a 4-

switch buck-boost converter. Refer to the Typical Application Circuit diagram (Figure 2).

The SM72441 uses an advanced digital controller to generate its PWM signals. A maximum power point tracking

(MPPT) algorithm monitors the input current and voltage and controls the PWM duty cycle to maximize energy

harvested from the photovoltaic module. MPPT performance is very fast. Convergence to the maximum power

point of the module typically occurs within 0.01s. This enables the controller to maintain optimum performance

under fast-changing irradiance conditions.

Transitions between buck, boost, and buck-boost modes are smoothed, and advanced digital PWM dithering

techniques are employed to increase effective PWM resolution. Output voltage and current limiting functionality

are integrated into the digital control logic. The controller is capable of handling both shorted and no-load

conditions and will recover smoothly from both.

RESET

SOFT-START

RST Pin is low or

OVP Pin is low

Iout < Iout_th

Buck

Boost

Iout >= Iout_th

Iout >=

Iout_th

Iout < Iout_th

MPPT

Figure 4. High Level State Diagram for Startup

STARTUP

SM72441 has a soft start feature that will ramp its output voltage for a fixed time of 250ms. MPPT mode will be

entered during soft start if the load current exceeded the minimum current threshold. Otherwise, buck-boost

operation is entered after soft-start is finished where the ratio between input and output voltage is 1:1. Refer to

Figure 4 for a high level state diagram of startup. The current threshold to transition between MPPT to standby

(buck-boost) mode and vice versa can be set by feeding the output of current sensing amplifier (Figure 2) to the

AIIN and AIOUT pin. For an appropriate voltage level, refer to the AIIN AND AIOUT PIN section of this

datasheet.

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Figure 5. Start-Up Waveforms of Controlled Output

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE

Maximum output voltage on the SM72441 is set by resistor divider ratio on pin A0. (Please refer to Figure 2

Typical Application Circuit).

(RFB1 + RFB2)

RFB2

RB1

V_{OUT_MAX}= 5 x

RT1 + RB1

(1)

Where RT1 and RB1 are the resistor divider on the ADC pin A0 and RFB1 and RFB2 are the output voltage

feedback resistors. A typical value for RFB2 is about 2 kΩ.

CURRENT LIMIT SETTING

Maximum output current can be set by changing the resistor divider on A4 (pin 18). (Refer to Figure 2 ).

Overcurrent at the output is detected when the voltage on AIOUT (pin 21) equals to the voltage on A4 (pin 18).

The voltage on A4 can be set by a resistor divider connected to 5V whereas a current sense amplifier output can

be used to set the voltage on AIOUT.

AIIN AND AIOUT PIN

These two pins are used to set current threshold from standby (buck-boost mode) to MPPT mode and from

MPPT mode into standby mode.

In order to transition from standby to MPPT mode, the following conditions have to be satisfied:

1) AIIN and AIOUT voltage > 0.488V

2) Iout < Iout_max

On the other hand, in order to transition from MPPT to standby mode, the following condition have to be

satisfied:

1) AIIN and AIOUT voltage < 0.293V

2) Iout < Iout_max

Current limit is triggered when AIOUT (pin 21) voltage is equal to A4 (pin 18).

AVIN PIN

AVIN pin is an A/D input to sense the input voltage of SM72441. A resistor divider can be used to scale the max

voltage to about 4V, which is 80% of the full scale of the A/D input.

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CONFIGURABLE SETTINGS

The voltage on A0 sets the max output voltage; whereas the voltage on A2 enables MPPT update rate and limits

the max boost ratio when output current is below the standby threshold. Output current limit is set by the voltage

on A4 and output voltage slew rate limit is set on A6. In order to set a slew rate limit of 125V/sec, the ratio of the

two resistors in A6 should be 9:1.

The low current condition is detected if the voltage on AIIN is less than 0.488V (rising) and 0.293 (falling) + ΔI or

if the voltage on AIOUT is less than 0.488 V (rising) and 0.293 (falling) + ΔI. If low current is detected, the

converter operates in standby mode and limit the maximum duty cycle to either a 1 (buck-boost), 1.15 (boost) or

1.25 (boost) conversion ratio (programmable). In this case no MPPT will be performed.

The actual value of current will depend on the gain of the current sensing amplifier circuitry that feeds the AIIN

and AIOUT pins.

For more complete information on the various settings based on the voltage level of A2, please refer to Table 1

below. Vfs denotes the full scale voltage of the ADC which is equal to VDDA where VDDA is a reference voltage

to analog ground.

A typical value for top configuration resistors (RT1 to RT4) should be 20 kΩ.

Table 1. List of Configurable Modes on ADC Channel 2

Low Current

ADC Channel 2

MPPT Update Time Slew Rate Detection

Initial Boost Ratio

Delta I

Detection

Disabled

Enabled

0 < VADC2 < Vfs/16

1.2 ms

38 ms

77 ms

38 ms

77 ms

Disabled

Enabled

N/A

1Vfs/16 < VADC2 <2Vfs/16

2Vfs/16 < VADC2 <3Vfs/16

3Vfs/16 < VADC2 <4Vfs/16

4Vfs/16 < VADC2 <5Vfs/16

5Vfs/16 < VADC2 <6Vfs/16

6Vfs/16 < VADC2 <7Vfs/16

7Vfs/16 < VADC2 <8Vfs/16

8Vfs/16 < VADC2 <9Vfs/16

9Vfs/16 < VADC2 <10Vfs/16

10Vfs/16 < VADC2 <11Vfs/16

11Vfs/16 < VADC2 <12Vfs/16

12Vfs/16 < VADC2 <13Vfs/16

13Vfs/16 < VADC2 <14Vfs/16

14Vfs/16 < VADC2 <15Vfs/16

15Vfs/16 < VADC2 <16Vfs/16

N/A

1.15

1.25

1.15

1.25

60 (0.3 A)

90 (0.45 A)

120(0.6 A)

120

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RESET PIN

When the reset pin is pulled low, the chip will cease its normal operation and turn-off all of its PWM outputs.

Below is an oscilloscope capture of a forced reset condition.

Figure 6. Reset Operational Behavior

As seen in Figure 6, the initial value for output voltage and load current are 28V and 1A respectively. After the

reset pin is grounded, both the output voltage and load current decreases immediately. MOSFET switching on

the buck-boost converter also stops immediately. V_LOBindicates the low side boost output from the SM72295.

ANALOG INPUT

An equivalent circuit for one of the ADC input channels is shown in Figure 7. Diode D1 and D2 provide ESD

protection for the analog inputs. The operating range for the analog inputs is 0V to V_A. Going beyond this range

will cause the ESD diodes to conduct and result in erratic operation.

The capacitor C1 in Figure 7 has a typical value of 3 pF and is mainly the package pin capacitance. Resistor R1

is the on resistance of the multiplexer and track / hold switch; it is typically 500Ω. Capacitor C2 is the ADC

sampling capacitor; it is typically 30 pF. The ADC will deliver best performance when driven by a low-impedance

source (less than 100Ω). This is especially important when sampling dynamic signals. Also important when

sampling dynamic signals is a band-pass or low-pass filter which reduces harmonic and noise in the input. These

filters are often referred to as anti-aliasing filters.

30 pF

3 pF

Conversion Phase: Switch Open

Track Phase: Switch Close

Figure 7. Equivalent Input Circuit

DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

The digital input signals have an operating range of 0V to V_A, where V_A= VDDA - VSSA. They are not prone to

latch-up and may be asserted before the digital supply V_D, where V_D= VDDD - VSSD, without any risk. The

digital output signals operating range is controlled by V_D. The output high voltage is V_D– 0.5V (min) while the

output low voltage is 0.4V (max).

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REVISION HISTORY

Changes from Revision F (April 2013) to Revision G

Page

•

Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ............................................................................................................ 9

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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

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2-Apr-2013

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device

SM72441MT/NOPB

SM72441MTE/NOPB

SM72441MTX/NOPB

Status Package Type Package Pins Package

Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish

MSL Peak Temp

Op Temp (°C)

Top-Side Markings

Samples

Drawing

Qty

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

ACTIVE

TSSOP

Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

Level-3-260C-168 HR

S72441

ACTIVE

250

Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br)

S72441

2500

Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br)

⁽¹⁾The marketing status values are defined as follows:

ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.

LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.

NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.

PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.

OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

⁽²⁾Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability

information and additional product content details.

TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.

Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that

lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.

Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between

the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.

Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight

in homogeneous material)

⁽³⁾MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4)

Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a

continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information

provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and

continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.

TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com

8-Apr-2013

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Package Pins

Type Drawing

SPQ

Reel

Pin1

Diameter Width (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Quadrant

(mm) W1 (mm)

SM72441MTE/NOPB

SM72441MTX/NOPB

TSSOP

250

178.0

330.0

16.4

6.8

10.2

1.6

8.0

16.0

2500

Pack Materials-Page 1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com

8-Apr-2013

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Type Package Drawing Pins

SPQ

Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

SM72441MTE/NOPB

SM72441MTX/NOPB

TSSOP

250

213.0

367.0

191.0

367.0

55.0

38.0

2500

Pack Materials-Page 2

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SM72441_15 [TI]

相关型号：

SM72442

SM72442

SM72442MT

SM72442MT/NOPB

SM72442MTE

SM72442MTE/NOPB

SM72442MTX

SM72442MTX/NOPB

SM72442_15

SM72445

SM72445MT

SM72445MT/NOPB