TPS60400-Q1_技术文档

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

D

Small 5-Pin SOT23 Package

features

D

Evaluation Module Available

TPS60400EVM−178

D

Qualification in Accordance With

AEC-Q100

†

D

Qualified for Automotive Applications

applications

D

Customer-Specific Configuration Control

Can Be Supported Along With

Major-Change Approval

D

LCD Bias

GaAs Bias for RF Power Amps

D

Inverts Input Supply Voltage

Up to 60-mA Output Current

Sensor Supply in Portable Instruments

Bipolar Amplifier Supply

Only Three Small 1-µF Ceramic Capacitors

Needed

DBV PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

D

Input Voltage Range From 1.6 V to 5.5 V

D

PowerSave-Mode for Improved Efficiency

at Low Output Currents (TPS60400)

1

2

3

5

C

FLY+

OUT

IN

D

Device Quiescent Current Typical 100 µA

Integrated Active Schottky-Diode for

Start-Up Into Load

4

GND

C

FLY−

†

Contact Texas Instruments for details. Q100 qualification data

available on request.

description

The TPS6040x is a family of devices that generate an unregulated negative output voltage from an input voltage

ranging from 1.6 V to 5.5 V. The devices are typically supplied by a preregulated supply rail of 5 V or 3.3 V. Due

to its wide input voltage range, two or three NiCd, NiMH, or alkaline battery cells, as well as one Li-Ion cell can

also power them.

Only three external 1-µF capacitors are required to build a complete dc/dc charge pump inverter. Assembled

2

in a 5-pin SOT23 package, the complete converter can be built on a 50-mm board area. Additional board area

and component count reduction is achieved by replacing the Schottky diode that is typically needed for start-up

into load by integrated circuitry.

The TPS6040x can deliver a maximum output current of 60 mA with a typical conversion efficiency of greater

than 90% over a wide output current range. Three device options with 20-kHz, 50-kHz, and 250-kHz fixed

frequency operation are available. One device comes with a variable switching frequency to reduce operating

current in applications with a wide load range and enables the design with low-value capacitors.

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

MARKING DBV

PACKAGE

TYPICAL FLYING CAPACITOR

PART NUMBER

FEATURE

[mF]

Variable switching frequency

50 kHz−250 kHz

TPS60400QDBVRQ1

AWP

1

TPS60401QDBVRQ1

TPS60402QDBVRQ1

TPS60403QDBVRQ1

AWQ

AWR

AWS

10

3.3

1

Fixed frequency 20 kHz

Fixed frequency 50 kHz

Fixed frequency 250 kHz

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

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Copyright  2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated

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1

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with

appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range

from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage

because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. These devices have limited

built-in ESD protection.

typical application circuit

TPS60400

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

C

1 µF

(fly)

0

−1

−2

−3

−4

−5

I

O

= 60 mA

3

5

I

O

= 30 mA

C

FLY+

FLY−

I

O

= 1 mA

TPS60400

Output

−1.6 V to −5 V,

Max 60 mA

2

1

Input

IN

OUT

1.6 V to 5.5 V

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

GND

4

T

A

= 25°C

0

1

2

3

4

5

V − Input Voltage − V

I

TPS60400 functional block diagram

V

I

V − VCFLY+ < 0.5 V

I

R

S

V

I

Q

Start

FF

MEAS

DC_ Startup

V < 1 V

V

I

V

O

> V

be

V

O

Q1

Q

+

OSC

CHG

V

O

Q4

V

Phase

Generator

O

C

(fly)

OSC

50 kHz

MEAS

B

Q2

Q3

Q5

V

O

> −1 V

GND

V

I

V

O

DC_ Startup

VCO_CONT

V / V

MEAS

I

O

V

O

< −V − V

be

I

2

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

I/O

DESCRIPTION

C

5

3

4

2

Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C

(fly)

FLY+

FLY−

Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C

Ground

(fly)

GND

IN

I

Supply input. Connect to an input supply in the 1.6-V to 5.5-V range. Bypass IN to GND with a capacitor that has the

same value as the flying capacitor.

OUT

1

O

Power output with V = −V

O I

Bypass OUT to GND with the output filter capacitor C .

O

detailed description

operating principle

The TPS60400, TPS60401 charge pumps invert the voltage applied to their input. For the highest performance,

use low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors (e.g., ceramic). During the first half-cycle, switches S2

and S4 open, switches S1 and S3 close, and capacitor (C ) charges to the voltage at V . During the second

(fly)

I

half-cycle, S1 and S3 open, S2 and S4 close. This connects the positive terminal of C

to GND and the

(fly)

negative to V By connecting C

in parallel, C is charged negative. The actual voltage at the output is more

positive than −V , since switches S1–S4 have resistance and the load drains charge from C .

O.

(fly)

O

I

O

V

I

S1

S2

C

(fly)

S4

V

O

(−V )

I

1 µF

C

1 µF

O

S3

GND

Figure 1. Operating Principle

charge-pump output resistance

The TPS6040x devices are not voltage regulators. The charge pumps output source resistance is

approximately 15 Ω at room temperature (with V = 5 V), and V approaches –5 V when lightly loaded. V will

I

O

droop toward GND as load current increases.

V = −(V – R × I )

O

I

O

(1)

1

_) 4ǒ_2R

_CFLYǓ_) ESR

CO

R

[

) ESR

O

SWITCH

ƒosc C

(fly)

R

= output resistance of the converter

O

3

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

detailed description (continued)

efficiency considerations

The power efficiency of a switched-capacitor voltage converter is affected by three factors: the internal losses

in the converter IC, the resistive losses of the capacitors, and the conversion losses during charge transfer

between the capacitors. The internal losses are associated with the IC’s internal functions, such as driving the

switches, oscillator, etc. These losses are affected by operating conditions such as input voltage, temperature,

and frequency. The next two losses are associated with the voltage converter circuit’s output resistance. Switch

losses occur because of the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches in the IC. Charge-pump capacitor losses

occur because of their ESR. The relationship between these losses and the output resistance is as follows:

2

P

R

+ P

= I × R

CAPACITOR LOSSES

CONVERSION LOSSES

O

= resistance of a single MOSFET-switch inside the converter

= oscillator frequency

SWITCH

f

OSC

The first term is the effective resistance from an ideal switched-capacitor circuit. Conversion losses occur during

the charge transfer between C

and C when there is a voltage difference between them. The power loss is:

(fly)

O

(2)

1

2

1

2

I

2

_(fly)ǒ_V

Ǔ_) Cǒ_V

RIPPLE

Ǔ

ƫ

O RIPPLE

₊ƪ

P

C

* V

* 2V V

ƒ

osc

CONV.LOSS

O

2

O

The efficiency of the TPS6040x devices is dominated by their quiescent supply current at low output current and

by their output impedance at higher current.

I

R

O

h ^

ǒ

1 *

Ǔ

I

) I

V

I

O

Q

Where, I = quiescent current.

Q

capacitor selection

To maintain the lowest output resistance, use capacitors with low ESR (see Table 1). The charge-pump output

resistance is a function of C ’s and C ’s ESR. Therefore, minimizing the charge-pump capacitor’s ESR

(fly)

O

minimizes the total output resistance. The capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current and

the output noise and ripple requirements. It is possible to only use 1-µF capacitors of the same type.

input capacitor (C )

I

Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its ac impedance and the impact of the TPS6040x switching noise. The

recommended bypassing depends on the circuit configuration and where the load is connected. When the

inverter is loaded from OUT to GND, current from the supply switches between 2 x I and zero. Therefore, use

O

a large bypass capacitor (e.g., equal to the value of C ) if the supply has high ac impedance. When the inverter

(fly)

is loaded from IN to OUT, the circuit draws 2 × I constantly, except for short switching spikes. A 0.1-µF bypass

O

capacitor is sufficient.

flying capacitor (C

)

(fly)

Increasing the flying capacitor’s size reduces the output resistance. Small values increases the output

resistance. Above a certain point, increasing C ’s capacitance has a negligible effect, because the output

(fly)

resistance becomes dominated by the internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR.

4

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

detailed description (continued)

output capacitor (C )

O

Increasing the output capacitor’s size reduces the output ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both output

resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be

tolerated. Use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple.

I

O

C

V

+

) 2 I ESR

O(ripple)

O

CO

f

osc

o

Table 1. Recommended Capacitor Values

V

I

C

O

[µF]

I

O

(fly)

I

DEVICE

[V]

[mA]

[µF]

1

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

1.8…5.5

60

1

60

10

3.3

1

10

3.3

1

10

3.3

1

60

Table 2. Recommended Capacitors

MANUFACTURER

PART NUMBER

SIZE

CAPACITANCE

TYPE

Taiyo Yuden

EMK212BJ474MG

LMK212BJ105KG

LMK212BJ225MG

EMK316BJ225KL

LMK316BJ475KL

JMK316BJ106KL

0805

1206

0.47 µF

1 µF

2.2 µF

4.7 µF

10 µF

Ceramic

TDK

C2012X5R1C105M

C2012X5R1A225M

C2012X5R1A335M

0805

1 µF

2.2 µF

3.3 µF

Ceramic

Table 3 contains a list of manufacturers of the recommended capacitors. Ceramic capacitors will provide the

lowest output voltage ripple because they typically have the lowest ESR-rating.

Table 3. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers

MANUFACTURER

Taiyo Yuden

TDK

CAPACITOR TYPE

X7R/X5R ceramic

INTERNET

www.t-yuden.com

www.component.tdk.com

www.vishay.com

Vishay

Kemet

www.kemet.com

5

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

†

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

Voltage range: IN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to 5.5 V

OUT to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −5 V to 0.3 V

C

to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to (V − 0.3 V)

FLY−

FLY+

O

to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to (V + 0.3 V)

I

Continuous power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table

Continuous output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 mA

Electrostatic Discharge (Machine Model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passed 50 V

(Human Body Model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passed 2 kV

(Charged Device Model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passed 1 kV

Storage temperature range, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −55°C to 150°C

stg

Maximum junction temperature, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C

J

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and

functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not

implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE

T

< 25°C

DERATING FACTOR

T

= 70°C

T = 85°C

A

POWER RATING

A

PACKAGE

POWER RATING

ABOVE T = 25°C

POWER RATING

A

DBV

437 mW

3.5 mW/°C

280 mW

227 mW

recommended operating conditions

MIN NOM

MAX

UNIT

V

Input voltage range, V

1.8

5.25

60

I

Output current range at OUT, I

mA

µF

O

Input capacitor, C

0

C

I

(fly)

1

Flying capacitor, C

(fly)

µF

Output capacitor, C

1

100

125

µF

O

Operating junction temperature, T

−40

°C

J

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

electrical characteristics at C = C

recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

= C (according to Table 1), T = −40°C to 125°C, V = 5 V over

I

(fly)

O

J

I

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

MIN

1.8

1.6

60

TYP

MAX

UNIT

At T = −40°C to 125°C,

R

L

= 5 kΩ

5.25

J

V

I

Supply voltage range

V

At T ≥ 0°C,

R

L

C

I

O

Maximum output current at V

Output voltage

mA

V

O

V

O

−V

I

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

C

= 1 µF, C = 2.2 µF

35

20

(fly)

O

= C = 10 µF

O

V

Output voltage ripple

I

= 5 mA

mV

P−P

O

= C = 3.3 µF

20

O

= C = 1 µF

15

O

125

65

270

190

270

700

210

135

210

640

375

30

At V = 5 V

µA

kHz

Ω

I

120

425

Quiescent current (no-load input

current)

I

Q

At T ≤ 60°C,

V = 5 V

I

J

TPS60400 VCO version

TPS60401

25 50−250

10

25

20

f

OSC

Internal switching frequency

TPS60402

TPS60403

50

250

12

75

325

15

115

TPS60400 C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

I

(fly)

TPS60401 C = C

= C = 10 µF

12

15

I

O

Impedance at 25°C, V = 5 V

I

TPS60402 C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

12

15

I

O

TPS60403 C = C

= C = 1 µF

12

15

I

O

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Table of Graphs

FIGURE

η

Efficiency

vs Output current at 3.3 V, 5 V

2, 3

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

I

Input current

vs Output current

4, 5

6, 7

I

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

I

S

Supply current

vs Input voltage

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

Output resistance

Output voltage

vs Input voltage at −40°C, 0°C, 25°C, 85°C

8, 9, 10,

11

TPS60400, C = C

= C = 1 µF

I

(fly)

O

TPS60401, C = C

= C = 10 µF

O

I

TPS60402 , C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

I

(fly)

O

TPS60403, C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

V

O

vs Output current at 25°C, V = 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V

IN

12, 13,

14, 15

TPS60400, C = C

= C = 1 µF

I

(fly)

O

TPS60401, C = C

= C = 10 µF

O

I

TPS60402 , C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

I

(fly)

O

TPS60403, C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

f

Oscillator frequency

vs Temperature at V = 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V

I

16, 17,

18, 19

OSC

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

vs Output current TPS60400 at 2 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V

20

OSC

Output ripple and noise

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 1 µF (TPS60400)

21, 22

I

O

I

(fly)

O

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 10 µF (TPS60401)

I

O

I

O

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 3.3 µF (TPS60402)

O

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 1 µF (TPS60403)

I

O

TPS60400, TPS60401

EFFICIENCY

vs

TPS60402, TPS60403

EFFICIENCY

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

TPS60403

V = 5 V

I

TPS60400

V = 5 V

I

TPS60401

V = 5 V

I

TPS60402

V = 5 V

I

TPS60401

V = 3.3 V

I

TPS60403

V = 3.3 V

I

TPS60400

V = 3.3 V

TPS60402

V = 3.3 V

I

T

A

= 25°C

T = 25°C

A

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

I

O

− Output Current − mA

I

O

− Output Current − mA

Figure 2

Figure 3

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400, TPS60401

INPUT CURRENT

vs

TPS60402, TPS60403

INPUT CURRENT

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

10

1

100

10

1

T

A

= 25°C

T

= 25°C

A

TPS60400

V = 5 V

I

TPS60403

V = 5 V

I

TPS60401

V = 5 V

I

TPS60403

V = 2 V

I

TPS60401

V = 2 V

I

TPS60402

V = 5 V

I

TPS60400

TPS60402

V = 2 V

I

V = 2 V

I

0.1

1

10

100

1

10

100

I

O

− Output Current − mA

I

O

− Output Current − mA

Figure 4

Figure 5

TPS60400, TPS60401

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

TPS60402, TPS60403

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.6

0.4

I

T

= 0 mA

= 25°C

I

T

= 0 mA

= 25°C

O

A

O

A

TPS60403

0.2

TPS60400

TPS60402

4

TPS60401

4

0

1

2

3

5

0

1

2

3

5

V − Input Voltage − V

I

V − Input Voltage − V

I

Figure 6

Figure 7

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60401

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

TPS60400

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

I

= 30 mA

O

I

= 30 mA

O

C = C

(fly)

= C = 10 µF

O

C = C

I

= C = 1 µF

(fly)

O

T

A

= 85°C

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 85°C

5

T

A

= −40°C

T

A

= −40°C

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2

3

4

5

6

V − Input Voltage − V

I

V − Input Voltage − V

I

Figure 8

Figure 9

TPS60402

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

TPS60403

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

I

= 30 mA

I

= 30 mA

O

I

O

I

C = C

(fly)

= C = 3.3 µF

C = C

(fly)

= C = 1 µF

O

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

T

= 85°C

A

T

= 85°C

A

T

A

= −40°C

5

0

5

0

T

A

= −40°C

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

V − Input Voltage − V

I

V − Input Voltage − V

I

Figure 10

Figure 11

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ꢙ

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ꢍ

ꢎ

ꢏ

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ꢌ

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ꢒꢀ

ꢏ

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ꢆ

ꢔ

ꢒ

ꢕ

ꢖ

ꢒ

ꢎ

ꢐ

ꢏ

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ꢗ

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ꢎ

ꢀ

ꢏ

ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

TPS60401

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

−1

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

−2

−3

−4

−5

−6

−2

−3

−4

−5

−6

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 5 V

I

0

10

I

20

30

40

50

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

− Output Current − mA

I

O

− Output Current − mA

O

Figure 12

Figure 13

TPS60403

TPS60402

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

−1

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

−2

−3

−4

−5

−6

−2

−3

−4

−5

−6

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 5 V

I

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

I

O

− Output Current − mA

I

O

− Output Current − mA

Figure 14

Figure 15

11

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60401

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

TPS60400

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

24

23.8

23.6

23.4

23.2

23

250

I

O

= 10 mA

I

O

= 10 mA

V = 1.8 V

I

200

150

100

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

22.8

22.6

22.4

V = 5 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

50

0

22.2

22

−40−30−20−10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

T

A

− Free-Air Temperature − °C

T

A

− Free-Air Temperature − °C

Figure 16

Figure 17

TPS60403

TPS60402

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180

170

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

V = 5 V

I

O

= 10 mA

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

50

49

I

= 10 mA

160

150

O

−40−30−20−10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

T

A

− Free-Air Temperature − °C

T

A

− Free-Air Temperature − °C

Figure 18

Figure 19

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

TPS60401, TPS60402

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

TIME

300

250

200

150

100

V = 5 V

I

T

= 25°C

A

I

O

= 30 mA

TPS60401

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 5 V

I

50 mV/DIV

TPS60402

50

0

50 mV/DIV

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

20 µs/DIV

t − Time − µs

Figure 21

I

O

− Output Current − mA

Figure 20

TPS60400, TPS60403

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

TIME

V = 5 V

I

O

I

= 30 mA

TPS60400

100 mV/DIV

TPS60403

50 mV/DIV

4 µs/DIV

t − Time − µs

Figure 22

13

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

voltage inverter

The most common application for these devices is a charge-pump voltage inverter (see Figure 23). This

application requires only two external components; capacitors C and C , plus a bypass capacitor, if

(fly)

O

necessary. See the capacitor selection section for suggested capacitor types.

C

1 µF

(fly)

3

5

C1−

C1+

TPS60400

2

1

−5 V,

Max 60 mA

Input 5 V

IN

OUT

C

O

1 µF

I

GND

4

1 µF

Figure 23. Typical Operating Circuit

For the maximum output current and best performance, three ceramic capacitors of 1 µF (TPS60400,

TPS60403) are recommended. For lower currents or higher allowed output voltage ripple, other capacitors can

also be used. It is recommended that the output capacitors has a minimum value of 1 µF. With flying capacitors

lower than 1 µF, the maximum output power will decrease.

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ꢎ

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ꢏ

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ꢑ

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ꢐ

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ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

RC-post filter

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

R

P

3

V

O

(−V )

I

C1−

GND

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

C

P

I

O

GND

Figure 24. TPS60400 and TPS60401 With RC-Post Filter

An output filter can easily be formed with a resistor (R ) and a capacitor (C ). Cutoff frequency is given by:

P

1

ƒ +

(1)

c

2pR C

P P

and ratio V /V

is:

O

OUT

V

O

1

Ť Ť

(2)

⁺Ǹ

V

_{1 )}ǒ_2pƒR_P_C_PǓ²

OUT

V

O

_{with R = 50 Ω, C = 0.1 µF and f = 250 kHz:}Ť Ť_+ 0.125

P

V

OUT

The formula refers only to the relation between output and input of the ac ripple voltages of the filter.

LC-post filter

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

V

OUT

TPS60400

IN

L

P

3

V

O

(−V )

I

C1−

GND

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

C

P

I

O

GND

Figure 25. LC-Post Filter

Figure 25 shows a configuration with a LC-post filter to further reduce output ripple and noise.

15

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ꢌ ꢍꢎꢏ ꢐꢌꢑ ꢒꢀ ꢏꢓ ꢃ ꢄ ꢆꢔꢒ ꢕꢖ ꢒꢎꢐ ꢏ ꢁ ꢌꢗꢁ ꢘꢙ ꢑꢀꢒꢐ ꢏ ꢚꢍ ꢘꢏꢎ ꢀꢏ ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Table 4. Measurement Results on the TPS60400 (Typical)

C

[µF]

C

[µF]

C

P

I

(fly)

[µF]

O

BW = 500 MHz BW = 20 MHz

V

[V]

I

L

[µH]

V

POUT

I

O(2)

P

[µF]

V

POUT

[mV]

POUT

[mV]

[mA]

VACeff [mV]

V

P−P

240

CERAMIC CERAMIC CERAMIC

CERAMIC

P−P

320

5

60

1

2.2

1

65

32

58

60

30

8

120

260

220

120

50

240

200

100

28

0.1 (X7R)

1

0.1

2.2

10

rail splitter

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

C3

1 µF

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

C1−

V

O

(−V )

I

3

GND

C

1 µF

I

C

1 µF

O

GND

Figure 26. TPS60400 as a High-Efficiency Rail Splitter

A switched-capacitor voltage inverter can be configured as a high efficiency rail-splitter. This circuit provides a

bipolar power supply that is useful in battery powered systems to supply dual-rail ICs, like operational amplifiers.

Moreover, the SOT23-5 package and associated components require very little board space.

After power is applied, the flying capacitor (C ) connects alternately across the output capacitors C and C .

(fly)

3

O

This equalizes the voltage on those capacitors and draws current from V to V as required to maintain the

I

O

output at 1/2 V .

I

The maximum input voltage between V and GND in the schematic (or between IN and OUT at the device itself)

I

must not exceed 6.5 V.

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SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

combined doubler/inverter

In the circuit of Figure 27, capacitors C , C , and C form the inverter, while C1 and C2 form the doubler. C1

I

(fly)

O

and C

are the flying capacitors; C and C2 are the output capacitors. Because both the inverter and doubler

(fly)

O

use part of the charge-pump circuit, loading either output causes both outputs to decline toward GND. Make

sure the sum of the currents drawn from the two outputs does not exceed 60 mA. The maximum output current at

V

must not exceed 30 mA. If the negative output is loaded, this current must be further reduced.

(pos)

I ≈ −I + 2 × I

I

O

O(POS)

V

I

C

1 µF

+

(fly)

C

D

2

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

V

(pos)

+

TPS60400

IN

C1−

−V

I

3

GND

+

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

I

O

C

2

+

GND

Figure 27. TPS60400 as Doubler/Inverter

cascading devices

Two devices can be cascaded to produce an even larger negative voltage (see Figure 28). The unloaded output

voltage is normally −2 × V , but this is reduced slightly by the output resistance of the first device multiplied by the

I

quiescent current of the second. When cascading more than two devices, the output resistance rises

dramatically.

V

I

V

O

(−2 V )

I

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

1

2

5

4

5

4

OUT

C1+

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

C1−

IN

C1−

3

GND

+

C

1 µF

O

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

+

GND

Figure 28. Doubling Inverter

17

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢄ ꢄ ꢆꢇꢈ ꢉ ꢀ ꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢈ ꢆꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢀꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢊ ꢆꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢀ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢋ ꢆꢇ ꢈ

ꢌ ꢍꢎꢏ ꢐꢌꢑ ꢒꢀ ꢏꢓ ꢃ ꢄ ꢆꢔꢒ ꢕꢖ ꢒꢎꢐ ꢏ ꢁ ꢌꢗꢁ ꢘꢙ ꢑꢀꢒꢐ ꢏ ꢚꢍ ꢘꢏꢎ ꢀꢏ ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

paralleling devices

Paralleling multiple TPS6040xs reduces the output resistance. Each device requires its own flying capacitor

(C ), but the output capacitor (C ) serves all devices (see Figure 29). Increase C ’s value by a factor of n,

(fly)

O

where n is the number of parallel devices. Equation 1 shows the equation for calculating output resistance.

V

I

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

1

2

5

4

5

4

OUT

C1+

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

V

O

(−V )

I

IN

3

C1−

GND

C1−

GND

C

2.2 µF

O

C

1 µF

I

+

GND

Figure 29. Paralleling Devices

active-Schottky diode

For a short period of time, when the input voltage is applied, but the inverter is not yet working, the output

capacitor is charged positive by the load. To prevent the output being pulled above GND, a Schottky diode must

be added in parallel to the output. The function of this diode is integrated into the TPS6040x devices, which gives

a defined startup performance and saves board space.

A current sink and a diode in series can approximate the behavior of a typical, modern operational amplifier.

Figure 30 shows the current into this typical load at a given voltage. The TPS6040x devices are optimized to

start into these loads.

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

+V

−V

Load Current

Typical

Load

5

3

C1+

C1−

60 mA

TPS60400

V

O

(−V )

I

2

OUT

0.4 V

IN

1

25 mA

I

O

C

1 µF

I

C

O

1 µF

GND

4

Voltage at the Load

0.4 V 1.25 V

5 V

GND

Figure 30. Typical Load

Figure 31. Maximum Start-Up Current

18

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

ꢀ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢄ ꢆꢇ ꢈ ꢉ ꢀ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢈ ꢆꢇ ꢈ ꢉ ꢀ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢊ ꢆꢇ ꢈ ꢉ ꢀ ꢁꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅꢄ ꢋꢆ ꢇ ꢈ

ꢌꢍ ꢎ ꢏꢐ ꢌꢑ ꢒꢀ ꢏꢓ ꢃ ꢄ ꢆꢔꢒ ꢕꢖꢒ ꢎꢐ ꢏ ꢁꢌꢗ ꢁ ꢘꢙ ꢑꢀꢒꢐ ꢏ ꢚꢍ ꢘꢏ ꢎ ꢀꢏ ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

shutting down the TPS6040x

If shutdown is necessary, use the circuit in Figure 32. The output resistance of the TPS6040x will typically be

15 Ω plus two times the output resistance of the buffer.

Connecting multiple buffers in parallel can reduce the output resistance of the buffer driving the IN pin.

V

I

V

O

(−V )

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

C

1 µF

O

IN

SDN

GND

3

C1−

GND

C

1 µF

I

GND

Figure 32. Shutdown Control

GaAs supply

A solution for a –2.7-V/3-mA GaAs bias supply is proposed in Figure 33. The input voltage of 3.3 V is first

inverted with a TPS60403 and stabilized using a TLV431 low-voltage shunt regulator. Resistor R with capacitor

P

C is used for filtering the output voltage.

P

R

P

V (3.3 V)

I

V

O

(−2.7 V/3 mA)

C

0.1 µF

(fly)

R2

R1

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

C

1 µF

C

P

O

TPS60400

IN

TLV431

3

C1−

GND

C

I

0.1 µF

GND

Figure 33. GaAs Supply

R1

R2

_+ *ǒ_{1 )}

Ǔ

V

V * R1 I

ref

O

I(ref)

A 0.1-µF capacitor was selected for C

. By this, the output resistance of the inverter is about 52 Ω.

(fly)

19

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢄ ꢄ ꢆꢇꢈ ꢉ ꢀ ꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢈ ꢆꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢀꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢊ ꢆꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢀ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢋ ꢆꢇ ꢈ

ꢌ ꢍꢎꢏ ꢐꢌꢑ ꢒꢀ ꢏꢓ ꢃ ꢄ ꢆꢔꢒ ꢕꢖ ꢒꢎꢐ ꢏ ꢁ ꢌꢗꢁ ꢘꢙ ꢑꢀꢒꢐ ꢏ ꢚꢍ ꢘꢏꢎ ꢀꢏ ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

GaAs supply (continued)

R

can be calculated using the following equation:

PMAX

V

* V

CO

O

R

+

ǒ

* R

Ǔ

PMAX

O

I

O

With: V

= −3.3 V; V = −2.7 V; I = −3 mA

O O

CO

R

= 200 Ω − 52 Ω = 148 Ω

PMAX

A 100-Ω resistor was selected for R .

P

The reference voltage across R2 is 1.24 V typical. With 5-µA current for the voltage divider, R2 gets:

1.24 V

5 mA

R2 +

R1 +

[ 250 kW

2.7 * 1.24 V

5 mA

[ 300 kW

With C = 1 µF the ratio V /V of the RC post filter is:

P

O

I

V

O

1

Ť Ť₊

[ 0.01

V

2

I

Ǹ_{1 ) 2p125000Hz 100W 1 mF}

(

)

step-down charge pump

By exchanging GND with OUT (connecting the GND pin with OUT and the OUT pin with GND), a step-down

charge pump can easily be formed. In the first cycle S1 and S3 are closed, and C with C in series are

(fly)

O

charged. Assuming the same capacitance, the voltage across C

and C is split equally between the

(fly)

O

capacitors. In the second cycle, S2 and S4 close and both capacitors with V /2 across are connected in parallel.

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

V

I

V

I

S1

1

2

5

4

C

+

OUT

C1+

(fly)

S4

TPS60400

GND

IN

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

3

S2

)

S3

V

O

(V )

I/2

C1−

GND

C

1 µF

I

C

O

1 µF

GND

V

O

(V )

I/2

V

O

(V

I/2

GND

Figure 35. Step-Down Charge Pump Connection

Figure 34. Step-Down Principle

The maximum input voltage between V and GND in the schematic (or between IN and OUT at the device itself)

I

must not exceed 6.5 V. For input voltages in the range of 6.5 V to 11 V, an additional Zener-diode is

recommended (see Figure 36).

20

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

ꢀ

ꢁ

ꢂ

ꢃ

ꢄ

ꢅ

ꢄ

ꢆ

ꢇ

ꢈ

ꢉ

ꢀ

ꢁ

ꢂ

ꢃ

ꢄ

ꢅ

ꢄ

ꢈ

ꢆ

ꢇ

ꢈ

ꢉ

ꢀ

ꢁ

ꢂ

ꢃ

ꢄ

ꢅ

ꢄ

ꢊ

ꢌꢍ ꢎ ꢏꢐ ꢌꢑ ꢒꢀ ꢏꢓ ꢃ ꢄ ꢆꢔꢒ ꢕꢖꢒ ꢎꢐ ꢏ ꢁꢌꢗ ꢁ ꢘꢙ ꢑꢀꢒꢐ ꢏ ꢚꢍ ꢘꢏ ꢎ ꢀꢏ ꢎ

ꢆ

ꢇ

ꢈ

ꢉ

ꢀ

ꢁ

ꢂ

ꢃ

ꢄ

ꢅ

ꢄ

ꢋ

ꢆ

ꢇ

ꢈ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

5V6

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

3

C1−

GND

V

O

− V

I

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

GND

Figure 36. Step-Down Charge Pump Connection With Additional Zener Diode

power dissipation

As given in this data sheet, the thermal resistance of the unsoldered package is R

= 347°C/W. Soldered on

θJA

the EVM, a typical thermal resistance of R

= 180°C/W was measured.

θJA(EVM)

The terminal resistance can be calculated using the following equation:

T * T

J

A

R

+

qJA

P

D

Where:

T is the junction temperature.

J

T is the ambient temperature.

A

P is the power that needs to be dissipated by the device.

D

T * T

J

A

R

+

qJA

P

D

The maximum power dissipation can be calculated using the following equation:

P = V × I − V × I = V × (I + I ) − V × I

D

I

O

I(max)

O

(SUPPLY)

O

The maximum power dissipation happens with maximum input voltage and maximum output current.

At maximum load the supply current is 0.7 mA maximum.

P = 5 V × (60 mA + 0.7 mA) − 4.4 V × 60 mA = 40 mW

D

With this maximum rating and the thermal resistance of the device on the EVM, the maximum temperature rise

above ambient temperature can be calculated using the following equation:

∆T = R

× P = 180°C/W × 40 mW = 7.2°C

D

J

θJA

This means that the internal dissipation increases T by <10°C.

J

The junction temperature of the device shall not exceed 125°C.

This means the IC can easily be used at ambient temperatures up to:

T = T

− ∆T = 125°C/W − 10°C = 115°C

J

A

J(max)

21

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢄ ꢄ ꢆꢇꢈ ꢉ ꢀ ꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢈ ꢆꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢀꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢊ ꢆꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢀ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢄ ꢅ ꢄ ꢋ ꢆꢇ ꢈ

ꢌ ꢍꢎꢏ ꢐꢌꢑ ꢒꢀ ꢏꢓ ꢃ ꢄ ꢆꢔꢒ ꢕꢖ ꢒꢎꢐ ꢏ ꢁ ꢌꢗꢁ ꢘꢙ ꢑꢀꢒꢐ ꢏ ꢚꢍ ꢘꢏꢎ ꢀꢏ ꢎ

SGLS246 − JUNE 2004

APPLICATION INFORMATION

layout and board space

All capacitors should be soldered as close as possible to the IC. A PCB layout proposal for a single-layer board

is shown in Figure 37. Care has been taken to connect all capacitors as close as possible to the circuit to achieve

optimized output voltage ripple performance.

CFLY

IN

OUT

GND

U1

TPS60400

Figure 37. Recommended PCB Layout for TPS6040x (Top Layer)

device family products

Other inverting dc-dc converters from Texas Instruments are listed in Table 5.

Table 5. Product Identification

PART NUMBER

TPS6735

DESCRIPTION

Fixed negative 5-V, 200-mA inverting dc-dc converter

Adjustable 1-W inverting dc-dc converter

TPS6755

22

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

5-Feb-2007

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device

TPS60400QDBVRQ1

TPS60401QDBVRQ1

TPS60402QDBVRQ1

TPS60403QDBVRQ1

Status ⁽¹⁾

ACTIVE

Package Package

Pins Package Eco Plan ⁽²⁾Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp ⁽³⁾

Qty

Type

Drawing

SOT-23

DBV

5

3000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

no Sb/Br)

SOT-23

DBV

3000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

no Sb/Br)

3000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

no Sb/Br)

3000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

no Sb/Br)

⁽¹⁾The marketing status values are defined as follows:

ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.

LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.

NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in

a new design.

PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.

OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2)

Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check

http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.

TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.

Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements

for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered

at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.

Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and

package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS

compatible) as defined above.

Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame

retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)

(3)

MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder

temperature.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is

provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the

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incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited

information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI

to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 1

IMPORTANT NOTICE

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Mailing Address:

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Post Office Box 655303 Dallas, Texas 75265


型号：	TPS60400-Q1
厂家：	TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述：	UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER 非稳压60毫安电荷泵电压逆变器泵
文件：	总25页 (文件大小：577K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

TPS60400-Q1 [TI]

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