ADXL1004BCPZ-RL7 [ADI]
Low Noise, Wide Bandwidth, MEMS Accelerometer;型号: | ADXL1004BCPZ-RL7 |
厂家: | ADI |
描述: | Low Noise, Wide Bandwidth, MEMS Accelerometer |
文件: | 总14页 (文件大小:442K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Low Noise, Wide Bandwidth,
MEMS Accelerometer
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
V
DD
STANDBY
Single, in plane axis accelerometer with analog output
Full-scale range: 500 g
Linear frequency response range: dc to 24 kHz typical
(3 dB point)
ADXL1004
TIMING
GENERATOR
Resonant frequency: 45 kHz typical
Ultralow noise density: 125 µg/√Hz
OUTPUT
MOD
SENSOR
DEMOD
AMP
X
OUT
AMPLIFIER
Overrange sensing plus dc coupling allows fast recovery time
Complete electromechanical self test
Sensitivity performance
Sensitivity stability over temperature within 5%
Linearity to 0.25% of full-scale range
Cross axis sensitivity: 1.5% (Z-axis acceleration affect on
X-axis; Y-axis acceleration affect on X-axis)
Single-supply operation
OVERRANGE
DETECTION
OR
SELF TEST
V
ST
SS
Output voltage ratiometric to supply
Low power consumption: 1.0 mA typical
Power saving standby operation mode with fast recovery
RoHS compliant
Figure 1.
−40°C to +125°C operating temperature range
32-lead, 5 mm × 5 mm × 1.80 mm LFCSP package
APPLICATIONS
Condition monitoring
Predictive maintenance
Asset health
Test and measurement
Health usage monitoring systems (HUMSs)
Acoustic emissions
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADXL1004 delivers ultralow noise density over an
extended frequency range and is optimized for bearing fault
detection and diagnostics. The ADXL1004 has typical noise
density of 125 µg/√Hz across the linear frequency range.
Microelectronicmechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers
have stable and repeatable sensitivity, and are immune to
external shocks up to 10,000 g.
The integrated signal conditioning electronics enable such
features as full electrostatic self test (ST) and an overrange (OR)
indicator, useful for embedded applications. With low power
and single-supply operation of 3.3 V to 5.25 V, the ADXL1004
also enables wireless sensing product design. The ADXL1004 is
available in a 5 mm × 5 mm × 1.80 mm LFCSP package, and
operates over the −40°C to +125°C temperature range.
Rev. 0
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Technical Support
©2018 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
www.analog.com
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Operating Modes...........................................................................9
Bandwidth ......................................................................................9
Applications Information .............................................................. 10
Application Circuit..................................................................... 10
On Demand Self Test................................................................. 10
Ratiometric Output Voltage...................................................... 10
Interfacing Analog Output Below 10 kHz .............................. 11
Interfacing Analog Output Beyond 10 kHz............................ 12
Overrange.................................................................................... 12
Mechanical Considerations for Mounting.............................. 12
Layout and Design Recommendations ................................... 13
Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 14
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 14
Applications....................................................................................... 1
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
General Description......................................................................... 1
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4
Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 4
Recommended Soldering Profile ............................................... 4
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 5
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6
Theory of Operation ........................................................................ 9
Mechanical Device Operation .................................................... 9
REVISION HISTORY
1/2018—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 14
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
SPECIFICATIONS
TA = 25°C, VDD = 5.0 V, acceleration = 0 g, unless otherwise noted. All minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed. Typical
specifications may not be guaranteed.
Table 1.
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
500
Typ
Max
Unit
SENSOR
Measurement Range
Nonlinearity1
Cross Axis Sensitivity2
g
Percentage of full-scale
Z-axis acceleration affect on X-axis
Y-axis acceleration affect on X-axis
0.25
1.5
1.5
%
%
%
SENSITIVITY (RATIOMETRIC TO VDD)
Sensitivity
DC
4
mV/g
Sensitivity Change Due to Temperature3
ZERO g OFFSET (RATIOMETRIC TO VDD)
0 g Output Voltage
TA = −40°C to +125°C
5
%
VDD/2
11
V
g
0 g Output Range over Temperature4
−40°C to +125°C
100 Hz to 20 kHz
NOISE
Noise Density
125
0.1
µg/√Hz
Hz
1/f Frequency Corner
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Sensor Resonant Frequency
5% Bandwidth5
41
45
10
24
kHz
kHz
kHz
3 dB Bandwidth6
SELF TEST
Output Change (Ratiometric to VDD)
Input Voltage Level
High, VIH
ST low to ST high
55
70
mV
VDD × 0.7
V
Low, VIL
VDD × 0.3
V
Input Current
25
µA
OUTPUT AMPLIFIER
Short-Circuit Current
Output Impedance
Maximum Resistive Load
Maximum Capacitive Load7
3
<0.1
20
100
22
mA
Ω
MΩ
pF
nF
No external resistor
With external resistor
POWER SUPPLY (VDD)
Operating Voltage Range
Quiescent Supply Current
Standby Current
Standby Recovery Time (Standby to Measure Mode)
Turn On Time8
3.3
5.0
1.0
225
<50
<550
5.25
1.15
285
V
mA
µA
µs
µs
°C
Output settled to 1% of final value
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
−40
+125
1 Nonlinearity is tested using sine vibration at 13 kHz.
2 Cross axis sensitivity is defined as the coupling of excitation along a perpendicular axis onto the measured axis output.
3 Includes package hysteresis from 25°C.
4 Difference between the maximum and the minimum values in temperature range.
5 Specified as a frequency range that is within a deviation range relative to dc sensitivity. The range is limited by an increase in response due to response gain at the
sensor resonant frequency.
6 Specified as a frequency range that is within a deviation range relative to dc sensitivity. The range is limited by an increase in response due to response gain at the
sensor resonant frequency.
7 For capacitive loads larger than 100 pF, an external series resistor must be connected (minimum 8 kΩ). The output capacitance must not exceed 22 nF.
8 Measured time difference from the instant VDD reaches half its value to the instant at which the output settles to 1% of its final value.
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 14
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 4. Recommended Soldering Profile
Table 2.
Condition
Parameter
Rating
Profile Feature
Sn63/Pb37
Pb-Free
Acceleration
Average Ramp Rate (TL to TP)
3°C/sec
maximum
3°C/sec
maximum
Any Axis, Powered or Unpowered
Drop Test (Concrete Surface)
VDD
Output Short-Circuit Duration
(Any Pin to Common Ground)
10,000 g
1.2 m
−0.3 V to +5.5 V
Indefinite
Preheat
Minimum Temperature (TSMIN
Maximum Temperature (TSMAX
Time (TSMIN to TSMAX)(tS)
)
100°C
150°C
60 sec to
120 sec
150°C
200°C
60 sec to
180 sec
)
Temperature Range (Storage)
−55°C to +150°C
TSMAX to TL
Ramp-Up Rate
Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum
Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a
stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these
or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond
the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may
affect product reliability.
3°C/sec
maximum
3°C/sec
maximum
Time Maintained Above
Liquidous (TL)
Liquidous Temperature (TL)
Time (tL)
183°C
217°C
60 sec to
150 sec
60 sec to
150 sec
Peak Temperature (TP)
Time Within 5°C of Actual Peak
Temperature (tP)
240 + 0/−5°C
10 sec to
30 sec
6°C/sec
maximum
260 + 0/−5°C
20 sec to
40 sec
6°C/sec
maximum
THERMAL RESISTANCE
Thermal performance is directly linked to printed circuit board
(PCB) design and operating environment. Careful attention to
PCB thermal design is required.
Ramp-Down Rate
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature
(t25°C)
6 min
maximum
8 min
maximum
θ
JA is the natural convection junction to ambient thermal
resistance measured in a one cubic foot sealed enclosure.
JC is the junction to case thermal resistance.
θ
ESD CAUTION
Table 3. Package Characteristics
Package Type
θJA
θJC
Device Weight
CP-32-261
48°C/W
14.1°C/W
<0.2 g
1 Thermal impedance simulated values are based on a JEDEC 2S2P thermal
test board with nine thermal vias. See JEDEC JESD51.
RECOMMENDED SOLDERING PROFILE
Figure 2 and Table 4 provide details about the recommended
soldering profile.
CRITICAL ZONE
tP
T
TO T
L
P
T
P
L
RAMP-UP
T
tL
T
SMAX
T
SMIN
tS
RAMP-DOWN
PREHEAT
t25°C TO PEAK
TIME
Figure 2. Recommended Soldering Profile
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 14
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
NIC
NIC
NIC
NIC
NIC
NIC
NIC
NIC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
24 DNC
23
22 DNC
21 DNC
+
–
DNC
AXIS OF SENSITIVITY
ADXL1004
20
19
OR
DNC
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
18 DNC
17 DNC
NOTES
1. NIC = NOT INTERNALLY CONNECTED.
2. DNC = DO NOT CONNECT. LEAVE THIS PIN UNCONNECTED.
3. EXPOSED PAD. THE EXPOSED PAD ON THE BOTTOM OF
THE PACKAGE MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND AND
IS REQUIRED FOR BOTH ELECTRICAL AND
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE.
4. AXIS OF SENSITIVITY IS IN PLANE TO THE PACKAGE
AND HORIZONTAL AS SHOWN.
Figure 3. Pin Configuration
Table 5. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No.
Mnemonic Description
1 to 9, 31, 32
NIC
Not Internally Connected.
10, 11, 17 to 19, 21 to
26, 29
DNC
Do Not Connect. Leave this pin unconnected.
12
VDD
VSS
3.3 V to 5.25 V Supply Voltage.
Supply Ground.
13, 14, 27, 28
15
16
20
STANDBY
ST
OR
Standby Mode Input, Active High.
Self Test Input, Active High.
Overrange Output. This pin instantaneously indicates when the overrange detection circuit
identifies significant overrange activity. This pin is not latched.
30
XOUT
Analog Output Voltage.
EPAD
Exposed Pad. The exposed pad on the bottom of the package must be connected to ground and is
required for both electrical and mechanical performance.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 14
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
8
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
3.80 3.84 3.88 3.92 3.96 4.00 4.04 4.08 4.12 4.16 4.20
SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTION (mV/g)
Figure 4. Frequency Response, High Frequency (>5 kHz) Vibration Response;
a Laser Vibrometer Controller Referencing the ADXL1004 Package Used for
Accuracy
Figure 7. Sensitivity Distribution at 25°C
1000000
DUT 1
10000
1000
100
10
DUT 2
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
1
0.01
0.1
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1
10
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
Figure 5. Noise Power Spectral Density (PSD) below 10 Hz vs. Frequency
Figure 8. Noise PSD above 100 Hz
1.0
0.5
0
–
–
–0.5
–1.0
–60 –40 –20
0
20
40
60
80
100 120 140
0
100
200
300
400
500
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT ACCELERATION (g)
Figure 6. Sensitivity vs. Temperature
Figure 9. Sensitivity Nonlinearity vs. Input Acceleration
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 14
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
10
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
8
6
4
2
0
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
0
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2.48
2.49
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0g OUTPUT DISTRIBUTION (V)
Figure 10. Normalized Offset vs. Temperature
Figure 13. 0 g Offset Histogram at 25°C
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.3
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.3
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 14. Standby Current vs. Supply Voltage
Figure 11. Measure Mode Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
920
940
960
980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244 248
STANDBY CURRENT (µA)
MEASURE MODE CURRENT (µA)
Figure 12. Measure Mode Current Histogram at 25°C
Figure 15. Standby Current Histogram at 25°C
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 14
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
10
6
REFERENCE
DELTA
OVERRANGE
X
OUT
5
8
4
6
3
X
OUT
(V)
T
4
2
PU
T
U
O
1
2
STANDBY
0
0
0
–1
–2
–2
6.5
–500
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
TIME (ms)
6.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
TIME (µs)
Figure 18. Response to Overload Condition, XOUT Delta is Difference from
Midscale Voltage
Figure 16. XOUT Output Recovery from Standby Mode to Measure Mode
200.5
200.0
199.5
199.0
198.5
198.0
197.5
197.0
196.5
196.0
195.5
204
203
202
201
200
199
198
197
196
195
194
–50
0
50
100
150
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.8
5.3
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 19. Internal Clock Frequency vs. Supply Voltage at 25°C
Figure 17. Internal Clock Frequency vs. Temperature at 5.0 V Supply Voltage (VDD
)
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 14
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADXL1004 is a low noise, single-axis, MEMS accelerometer,
with a 45 kHz resonant frequency that provides an analog output
proportional to mechanical vibration. The ADXL1004 has a high
g range of 500 g, suitable for vibration measurements in high
bandwidth applications. Such applications include vibration
analysis systems for monitoring and diagnosing machines or
system health.
MECHANICAL DEVICE OPERATION
The moving component of the sensor is a polysilicon surface-
micromachined structure built on top of a silicon wafer. Polysilicon
springs suspend the structure over the surface of the wafer and
provide a resistance against acceleration forces.
Differential capacitors that consist of independent fixed plates
and plates attached to the moving mass measure the deflection
of the structure. Acceleration deflects the structure and unbalances
the differential capacitor, resulting in a sensor output with amp-
litude proportional to acceleration. Phase sensitive demodulation
determines the magnitude and polarity of the acceleration.
The low noise and high frequency bandwidth allows the
measurement of vibration patterns caused by small moving
components, such as internal bearings. The high g range
provides the dynamic range necessary for in high vibration
environments such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) and heavy machine equipment. To achieve proper
performance, be aware of system noise, mounting, and signal
conditioning.
OPERATING MODES
The ADXL1004 has two operating modes: measurement mode
and standby mode. Measurement mode provides a continuous
analog output for active monitoring. Standby mode is a
nonoperational, low power mode.
System noise is affected by supply voltage noise. The analog
output of the ADXL1004 is a ratiometric output; therefore,
supply voltage modulation affects the output. Use a properly
decoupled, stable supply voltage to power the ADXL1004 and to
provide a reference voltage for the digitizing system.
Measurement Mode
Measurement mode is the normal operating mode of the
ADXL1004. In this mode, the accelerometer actively measures
acceleration along the axis of sensitivity and consumes 1.0 mA
(typical) using a 5.0 V supply.
The output signal is impacted by an overrange stimulus. An
overload indicator output feature indicates a condition that is
critical for an intelligent measurement system. For more infor-
mation about the overrange features, see the Overrange section.
Standby Mode
Placing the ADXL1004 in standby mode suspends the measure-
ment with internal reduction of current consumption to 225 µA
(typical for 5.0 V supply). The transition time from standby to
measurement mode is <50 µs. Figure 16 shows the transition
from standby to measure mode.
Proper mounting ensures full mechanical transfer of vibration
to accurately measure the desired vibration rather than vibration
of the measurement system, including the sensor. A common
technique for high frequency mechanical coupling is to use a
sensor stud mount system while considering the mechanical
interface of fixing the ADXL1004 in the stud. For lower frequencies
(below the full capable bandwidth of the sensor), it may be possible
to use magnetic or adhesive mounting. Proper mounting technique
ensures proper and repeatable results that are not influenced by
measurement system mechanical resonances and/or damping at
the desired frequency, and represents an efficient and proper
mechanical transfer to the system being monitored.
BANDWIDTH
The ADXL1004 circuitry supports an output signal bandwidth
beyond the resonant frequency of the sensor, measuring accel-
eration over a bandwidth comparable to the resonant frequency
of the sensor. The output response is a combination of the sensor
response and the output amplifier response. Therefore, external
band limiting or filtering is required; see the Interfacing Analog
Output Below 10 kHz section and the Interfacing Analog
Output Beyond 10 kHz section for more information.
Proper application specific signal conditioning is required to
achieve optimal results. Understanding the measurement
frequency range and managing overload conditions is
important to achieve accurate results. The electrical output
signal of the ADXL1004 requires some band limiting and a
proper digitization bandwidth. See the Interfacing Analog
Output Below 10 kHz section and the Interfacing Analog
Output Beyond 10 kHz section for more information.
When using the ADXL1004 beyond 10 kHz, consider the
nonlinearity due to the resonance frequency of the sensor, the
additional noise due to the wideband output of the amplifier,
and the discrete frequency spurious tone due to coupling of the
internal 200 kHz clock. Aliased interferers in the desired band
cannot be removed, and observed performance degrades. A
combination of high speed sampling and appropriate band
limiting filtering is required for optimal performance.
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 14
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
4. Subtract the two readings and compare the result to the
expected value from Table 1, while factoring in the
response curve due to supply voltage, if necessary, from
Figure 21.
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
For most applications, a single 1 µF capacitor adequately
decouples the accelerometer from noise on the power supply. A
band limiting filter at the output provides suppression of out of
band noise and signal. A capacitive load between 100 pF and
22 nF is recommended.
The self test function can be activated at any point during
normal operation by setting the ST pin to VDD. Self test takes
approximately 300 µs from the assertion of the ST pin to a
result. Acceleration outputs return approximately 300 µs after
the release of the ST pin. While performing the self test
measurement, do not use the accelerometer output to measure
external acceleration.
The output amplifier can drive resistive loads up to 2 mA of
source current, for example a load greater than 2.5 kΩ for 5 V
operation. If the output is to drive a capacitive load greater than
or equal to 100 pF, a series resistor of at least 8 kΩ is required to
maintain the amplifier stability.
100
When inactive, the ST and STANDBY pins are forced low. The
overrange indicator is an output that can be monitored to
identify the status of the system.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
OPTIONAL
LOW-PASS FILTER
R
V
OUT
C
V
SS
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.3
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 21. Typical Self Test Delta vs. Supply Voltage
ADXL1004
RATIOMETRIC OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OR
The ADXL1004 was tested and specified at VDD = 5.0 V; however, it
can be powered with VDD as low as 3.3 V or as high as 5.25 V. Some
performance parameters change as the supply voltage is varied.
The ADXL1004 output is ratiometric to the supply voltage, VDD
therefore, the output sensitivity (or scale factor) varies propor-
tionally to the supply voltage. At VDD = 5.0 V, the output sensitivity
is typically 4 mV/g for the ADXL1004. The zero g bias output is
ratiometric also and is nominally midscale relative to the supply
voltage (VDD/2).
;
V
DD
(3.3V TO 5.25V
SUPPLY VOLTAGE)
ST (ACTIVE HIGH)
1µF
STANDBY (ACTIVE HIGH)
Figure 20. Application Circuit Change
ON DEMAND SELF TEST
4.5
A fully integrated electromechanical self test function is designed
into the ADXL1004. This function electrostatically actuates the
accelerometer proof mass, resulting in a displacement of the
capacitive sense fingers. This displacement is equivalent to the
displacement that occurs as a result of external acceleration input.
The proof mass displacement is processed by the same signal
processing circuitry as a true acceleration output signal,
providing complete coverage of both the electrical and mechanical
responses of the sensor system.
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
The self test feature can be exercised by the user with the
following steps:
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1. Measure the output voltage.
2. Turn on self test by setting the ST pin to VDD
3. Measure the output again.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
.
Figure 22. Sensitivity vs. Supply Voltage
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 14
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
The ADXL1004 output amplifier is stable while driving capacitive
loads up to 100 pF directly without a series resistor. At loads greater
than 100 pF, an 8 kΩ series resistor or greater must be used.
INTERFACING ANALOG OUTPUT BELOW 10 kHz
The ADXL1004 senses mechanical motion along a single axis and
produces a voltage output. The system performance depends on
the output response resulting from sense mechanical vibration and
signal processing of the electrical output.
See Figure 23 for an example of the interface, including compo-
nents when measuring mechanical vibration from 0 kHz to
5 kHz. For a 5 kHz pass band, a single-pole resistor capacitor
(RC) filter is acceptable; however, in some applications, use of a
more aggressive filter and lower sample ADC sample rate is
possible. The following components are recommended to form
a 5 kHz low-pass RC filter at the output of the ADXL1004 when
interfacing to an ADC, such as the ADAQ7980: R1 = 91 kΩ, C1 =
330 pF, R2 = 0 Ω, and C2 = not required. A minimum ADC
sample rate of 16 kHz is recommended to avoid aliasing. When
using sampling rates less than the resonance frequency (typically
45 kHz), be aware and account for the effective gain at the output of
the sensor due to the resonance to ensure out of band signals
are properly attenuated and do not alias in band.
The sensor must be effectively mechanically coupled. Mechanical
coupling can be a complex integration of multiple components,
typically unique for each application. Consideration must be
made for all mechanical interfaces including the mounting of
the MEMS to the PCB (the location on the PCB as well as the
solder chemistry), the size of the PCB (both thickness and active
surface area), and the mounting of the PCB to the system being
monitored (either in a module or directly mounted).
In general, the following guidelines for effective mechanical
interface must be used to support up to 10 kHz bandwidth:
•
Keep the ADXL1004 near a stable mechanical mounting on
the PCB.
See Figure 23 for an example of the interface, including compo-
nents when measuring mechanical vibration from 0 kHz to 10 kHz.
The following components are recommended to form a two-pole
RC filter at the output of the ADXL1004: R1 = 500 Ω, C1 =
10,000 pF, R2 = 1 kΩ, and C2 = 10,000 pF. A minimum ADC
sample rate of 200 kHz is recommended to avoid aliasing.
•
•
Provide multiple hard mounting points.
Keep the PCB thick and avoid a large surface area PCB that
induces higher magnitude and lower frequency resonances.
Ensure the mechanical connection is sufficiently stiff to
transfer mechanical forces up to the desired frequency.
Below 10 kHz, magnetic and adhesive mounting is possible
with proper attention. The EVAL-ADXL1004Z evaluation
boards can be used as a reference.
•
V
DD
3.3V TO 5.0V*
AD4000 V
1.8V
DD
0.1µF
(+1µF, OPTIONAL)
The ADXL1004 electrical output supports a bandwidth beyond the
resonance of the sensor. The small signal bandwidth of the output
amplifier in the ADXL1004 is 70 kHz. During the digitization
process, aliasing, which is the folding of higher frequency noise
and signals into the desired band, can occur. To avoid aliasing
noise from the amplifier and other internal circuits (for example,
coupling of the internal 200 kHz clock), it is recommended that
an external filter be implemented at the desired bandwidth and
the chosen analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate be
faster than the amplifier bandwidth.
10µF
V
DD
R1
R2
REF
VDD
X
IN+
OUT
C1
C2
ADAQ7980
IN–
ADXL1004
GND
V
SS
*3.3V LIMITED BY ADXL1004; 5.0V LIMITED BY AD4000.
Figure 23. Application Circuit for the ADXL1004
The output amplifier is ratiometric to the supply voltage, and
there are two distinct cases regarding digital conversion, as
follows:
•
The user has an ADC downstream of the accelerometer
that can use the VDD voltage as a reference. In this case, the
voltage supply tolerance and voltage temperature
coefficient (commonly associated with external regulators)
tracks between the sensor and the ADC. Therefore, the
supply and reference voltage induced error cancels out.
This design approach is recommended.
•
If the ADC cannot reference the same 5 V supply as the
sensor for any reason, the sensitivity of the digitized sensor
output reflects the regulator tolerance and temperature
coefficient.
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 14
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
The sampling rate must be at least 220 kHz. This sample rate
addresses reducing broadband noise due to the amplifier from
folding back (aliasing) in-band, but does not prevent out of
band signals from aliasing in-band. To prevent out of band
responses, additional external low-pass filtering is required.
INTERFACING ANALOG OUTPUT BEYOND 10 kHz
The ADXL1004 is a high frequency, single-axis MEMS
accelerometer that provides an output signal pass band beyond
the resonance frequency range of the sensor. Although the output
3 dB frequency response bandwidth is approximately 24 kHz
(note that this is a 3 dB response, meaning there is a gain in
sensitivity at this frequency), in some cases, it is desirable to
observe frequency beyond this range. To accommodate this, the
ADXL1004 output amplifier supports a 70 kHz small signal
bandwidth, which is well beyond the resonant frequency of the
sensor.
Another artifact that must be addressed is the coupling of the
internal clock signal at 200 kHz onto the output signal. This
clock spur must be filtered by analog or digital filtering so as
not to affect the analysis of results.
To achieve the lowest rms noise and noise density for extended
bandwidth applications, it is recommended to use at least a
multiple order low-pass filter at the output of the ADXL1004 and
a digitization sample rate of at least 4× the desired bandwidth,
assuming sufficient filtering of the 200 kHz internal clock signal.
Use an ADC sample rate of 1 MSPS or greater along with digital
low-pass filtering to achieve similar performance.
Although a mechanical interface is always important to achieve
accurate and repeatable results in MEMS applications, it is
critical in cases when measuring greater than a few kilohertz.
Typically, magnetic and adhesive mounting are not sufficient to
maintain proper mechanical transfer of vibration through these
frequencies. Mechanical system analysis is required for these
applications.
OVERRANGE
The ADXL1004 has an output (OR pin) to signal when an
overrange event (when acceleration is greater than 2× the full-scale
range) occurs. Built in overrange detection circuitry provides an
alert to indicate a significant overrange event occurred that is
larger than approximately 2× the specified g range. When an
overrange is detected, the internal clock is disabled to the sensor
for 200 µs to maximize protection of the sensor element during an
overrange event. If a sustained overrange event is encountered, the
overrange detection circuitry triggers periodically,
When using the ADXL1004 beyond 10 kHz, consider the
nonlinearity due to the resonance frequency of the sensor, the
additional noise due to the wideband output of the amplifier,
and the discrete frequency spurious tone due to coupling of the
internal 200 kHz clock. If any of these interferers alias in the
desired band, it cannot be removed and observed performance
degrades. A combination of high speed sampling and
appropriate filtering is required for optimal performance.
The first consideration is the effect of the sensor resonance
frequency at 45 kHz. Approaching and above this frequency, the
output response to an input stimulus peaks, as shown in Figure 4.
When frequencies are near or above the resonance, the output
response is outside the linear response range and the sensitivity is
different than observed at lower frequencies. In these frequency
ranges, the relative response (as opposed to absolute value) over
time is typically observed.
approximately every 500 µs (see Figure 18).
MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MOUNTING
Mount the ADXL1004 on the PCB in a location close to a hard
mounting point of the PCB. Mounting the ADXL1004 at an
unsupported PCB location, as shown in Figure 24 may result
in large, apparent measurement errors due to undamped PCB
vibration. Placing the accelerometer near a hard mounting point
ensures that any PCB vibration at the accelerometer is above the
mechanical sensor resonant frequency of the accelerometer and
effectively invisible to the accelerometer. Multiple mounting
points, close to the sensor, and a thicker PCB help reduce the
effect of system resonance on the performance of the sensor.
The ADXL1004 output amplifier small signal bandwidth is
70 kHz. The user must properly interface to the device with
proper signal filtering to avoid issues with out of band noise
aliasing into the desired band. The amplifier frequency response
roll-off can be modeled as a single-pole, low-pass filter, at
70 kHz. In the absence of additional external low-pass filtering,
to avoid aliasing of high frequency noise, choose a sampling
rate of at 2× the equivalent noise bandwidth (ENBW) for a
single-pole, low-pass filter, as follows:
ACCELEROMETERS
PCB
MOUNTING POINTS
ENBW = (π/2) × 70 kHz ≈ 110 kHz
Figure 24. Incorrectly Placed Accelerometers
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 14
Data Sheet
ADXL1004
LAYOUT AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 25 shows the recommended PCB land pattern.
0.03″/0.755mm
0.02″/0.5mm
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
0.146″/3.7mm 0.191″/4.855mm
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0.012″/0.305mm
0.146″/3.7mm
0.191″/4.855mm
Figure 25. Recommended Printed Wiring Board Land Pattern
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 14
ADXL1004
Data Sheet
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
DETAIL A
(JEDEC 95)
5.10
5.00 SQ
4.90
0.30
0.25
0.20
PIN 1
PIN 1
INDICATOR
INDIC ATOR AREA OPTIONS
(SEE DETAIL A)
25
32
24
1
0.50
BSC
3.80
3.70 SQ
3.60
EXPOSED
PAD
8
17
16
9
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.20 MIN
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
3.50 REF
*
1.85
1.80
1.75
FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
COPLANARITY
0.08
SEATING
PLANE
SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
0.203 REF
*
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VHHD-4
WITH EXCEPTION TO PACKAGE HEIGHT.
Figure 26. 32-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
5 mm × 5 mm Body and 1.8 mm Package Height
(CP-32-26)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model1
Temperature Range
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
g Range
500 g
500 g
Package Description
Package Option
CP-32-26
CP-32-26
ADXL1004BCPZ
ADXL1004BCPZ-RL
ADXL1004BCPZ-RL7
EVAL-ADXL1004Z
32-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
32-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
32-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
ADXL1004 Evaluation Board
500 g
CP-32-26
1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
©2018 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D16508-0-1/18(0)
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 14
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