SABMB6 [ALD]
6-CHANNEL SUPERCAPACITOR AUTO BALANCING PCB;型号: | SABMB6 |
厂家: | ADVANCED LINEAR DEVICES |
描述: | 6-CHANNEL SUPERCAPACITOR AUTO BALANCING PCB 局域网 PC |
文件: | 总4页 (文件大小:455K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
TM
ADVANCED
LINEAR
®
e
EPAD
D
E
L
B
A
N
E
DEVICES, INC.
SABMB6/SABMB6XX
6-CHANNEL SUPERCAPACITOR AUTO BALANCING PCB
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The SABMB6 is a 6-channel Printed Circuit Board (PCB) designed
to be used with any member of the ALD9100XX family of SAB™
MOSFETs for system designers and application developers. SAB
The SABMB6 is a blank PCB, ready for an ALD9100XX to be
installed. For example, the SABMB625 is a SABMB6 board with
three ALD910025SALI installed and tested. These are rated for
industrial tempurature of -40°C to +85°C.
®
MOSFETs are exclusive EPAD MOSFETs that address leakage
and voltage balance of supercapacitor cells connected in series.
Imbalance of leakage currents, although much smaller in
magnitude than charging or discharging currents, need to be
balanced, as leakage currents are long-term DC values that
integrate and accumulate over time. SAB MOSFETs and the
SABMB6 boards are compact, economical and effective in
balancing any size supercapacitors with little or no additional power
dissipation. Each SABMB6 can balance up to six supercapacitors
in a series stack. It is the newest board to join the popular
SABMB16, which can balance two to four supercapacitors in a
series stack. These boards can be cascaded to balance multiple
series stacks of up to six supercapacitors each.
The SABMB6 board includes the following features for flexibility
in a variety of different applications:
1) Three ALD9100XX Dual SAB MOSFET units installed
per board.
2) Optional reverse biased external clamping power diodes
(schottky rectifiers) can be installed, on board where
necessary, across each SAB MOSFET.
3) Multiple SABMB6 PCBs can be cascaded to form a series
chain, paralleling a series-connected chain of
supercapacitor cells.
4) Compact size of 0.6 in. by 1.6 in. with mounting holes.
5) Rated for RoHS compatible/industrial temperature range
of -40°C to +85°C.
The SABMB6 is a simple, out-of-the-box plug-and-play PCB
solution for development, prototyping, demonstration and
evaluation, or production deployment. It is suited for balancing
supercapacitor stacks ranging from six in series to hundreds in
series, and for supercapacitors of 0.1F to 3000F and beyond. The
average additional power dissipation due to use of SABMB boards
is zero, which makes this method of supercapacitor balancing
very energy efficient. It is especially suited for low loss energy
harvesting and long life battery operated applications.
MECHANICAL DRAWING
V+
A
Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, when connected
two cells in series can be balanced with a single ALD9100XX
package installed. Supercapacitors, when connected more than
two cells in series, can be balanced with more than one SABMBXX
board (each with ALD9100XX packages installed).
R1
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
U1
R2
U2
ORDERING INFORMATION
1600 mil
Part Number
Description
R3
Blank Universal PCB ready for three
ALD9100XX Dual SAB MOSFETs
SABMB6
U3
SABMB6XX
SABMB6 Board with three
ALD9100XXSALI
Example:
SABMB625
SABMB6 Board with three
ALD910025SALI
G
V-
Note: SABMB6XX is optional with specific
ALD9100XXSALI units installed. XX = 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
See page 4 for full listing of part numbers.
600 mil
* Magnified, not to scale
©2021 Advanced Linear Devices, Inc., Vers. 1.1
www.aldinc.com
1 of 4
The ALD9100XX SAB MOSFET family offers the user a selection
of different threshold voltages for various supercapacitor nominal
operating voltage values and desired leakage balancing
characteristics. Each SAB MOSFET generally requires connecting
its V+ pin to the most positive voltage and its V- and IC pins to the
most negative voltage within the package. Note that each Drain
pin has an internal reverse biased diode to its Source pin, and
each Gate pin has an internal reverse biased diode to V-. All
other pins must have voltages within V+ and V- voltage limits within
the same package unit.
to determine the various power and current limits, including
temperature and heat dissipation considerations, when selecting
a suitable component for such purpose. The appropriate level of
derating and margin allowance must also be added to assure long
term reliability of the PCB board.
SUPERCAPACITORS
Supercapacitors are typically rated with a nominal recommended
working voltage established for long life at their maximum rated
operating temperature. Excessive supercapacitor voltages that
exceed the supercapacitor’s rated voltage for a prolonged time
period will result in reduced operating life and eventual rupture
and catastrophic failure. To prevent such an occurrence, a means
of automatically adjusting (charge-balancing) and monitoring the
maximum voltage is required in most applications having two or
more supercapacitors connected in series, due to the different
internal leakage currents that vary from one supercapacitor to
another.
Standard ESD protection facilities and handling procedures for
static sensitive devices must also be used while installing the
ALD9100XX units. Once installed, the connection configuration
will protect the ALD9100XX units from ESD damage. When
connected to a supercapacitor stack, the ALD9100XX is further
protected from virtually any ESD damage due to the large
capacitance of the supercapacitors, which sinks any ESD charge
and thereby reduces any of the terminal voltages to minimal
harmless values.
Each supercapacitor has a tolerance difference in capacitance,
internal resistance and leakage current. These differences create
imbalance in cell voltages, which must be balanced so that any
individual cell voltage does not exceed its rated max. voltage.
Initially, cell voltage imbalance is caused by capacitance value
differences. Supercapacitors selected from the same manufacturer
make and model batch can be measured and matched to deliver
reasonable initial cell voltages. Next, cell voltage imbalance due
to individual cell leakage currents must be compensated.
SABMB6 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
The SABMB6 Printed Circuit Board is available as a blank PCB
board, made with RoHS compliant FR4 material, ready for
mounting three 8-lead ALD9100XX units. These units are also
supplied and available with a 2-digit suffix, which denotes the
specificALD9100XX component mounted and tested on the PCB.
All that is required of the user is to mount the PCB and wire the
appropriate connections from the SABMB6 board to the respective
supercapacitor nodes.
The supercapacitor leakage current itself is a variable function of
its many parameters such as aging, initial leakage current at zero
input voltage, the material/construction of the supercapacitor, and
the operating bias voltage. Its leakage is also a function of the
charging voltage, the charging current, operating temperature
range and the rate of change of many of these parameters.
Supercapacitor balancing must accommodate these changing
conditions.
Each SABMB6 Printed Circuit Board has three 8-lead SOIC
footprints and terminals labeled V+, A to G, and V-. Each of these
terminals has two wiring holes for easier connection of the same
terminal node to two external connection points. V+ is directly
connected to terminal A, which must be connected to the most
positive voltage for the individual SABMB6 board. V- is directly
connected to terminal G, which must be connected to the most
negative voltage present for the same SABMB6 board. The other
terminals, namely B through F, must have voltages between V+
and V- for proper operation of the board.
By using the appropriate ALD SAB MOSFET and the appropriate
SABMBXX board, users can compensate for all of these causes
of imbalance and automatically balance supercapacitors.
When six supercapacitors are installed to be balanced by SAB
MOSFETs, three ALD9100XX units can be mounted on the
SABMB6. Any number of SABMB6 boards can be daisy-chain
connected in series. For example, three SABMB6 boards, each
with three ALD910025SALI installed, can be connected in series
to a +42V power supply, provided care is taken to insure that each
SABMB6 board V- is connected to the V+ of the next SABMB6
board in series, such that each board would have typical internal
voltages from V+ to V- of +14.0V (+15.0V max.). Each individual
ALD910025SALI IC chip on the board has a +15.0V max. rating,
but each actually experiences only about +5.0V.
ENERGY HARVESTING APPLICATIONS
Supercapacitors offer an important benefit for energy harvesting
applications using a low energy source, by buffering and storing
such energy to drive a higher power load.
For energy harvesting applications, supercapacitor leakage
currents are a critical factor, as the average energy harvesting
input charge must exceed the average supercapacitor internal
leakage currents in order for any net energy to be harvested and
saved. Often, the input energy is variable, meaning that its input
voltage and current magnitude are not constant and may be
dependent upon a whole set of other parameters such as the
source energy availability, energy sensor conversion efficiency,
changing environmental conditions, etc.
The ALD9100XX is rated for reverse bias diode currents of up to
80mA maximum for each SAB MOSFET on board. Any reverse
bias condition as a result of changing supercapacitor voltages,
especially during fast supercapacitor discharge, could lead to some
internal nodes temporarily reverse biased with surge current in
excess of this limit. The SABMB6 board has additional optional
TO277 footprints for mounting external schottky rectifiers (power
diodes) to clamp such surge current transients. The user is advised
SAB MOSFETs used for charge balancing, due to their high input
threshold voltages, are completely turned off initially, consuming
zero drain current while the supercapacitor is being charged,
SABMB6/SABMB6XX
Advanced Linear Devices, Inc.
2 of 4
maximizing any energy harvesting gathering efforts. The SAB
MOSFET does not become active until the supercapacitor is
already charged to over 90% of its max. rated voltage. The trickle
charging of supercapacitors with energy harvesting techniques
tends to work well with SAB MOSFETs as charge balancing
devices, as it is less likely to have high transient energy spurts
resulting in excessive voltage or current excursions.
SABMB6 PCB CONNECTION TO
SUPERCAPACITORS C1 TO C6
V+
V+
A
R1
VA
VB
VC
VD
VE
VF
VG
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
U1
ꢀ
ꢀ
If an energy harvesting source only provides a few µA of current,
the power budget does not allow wasting any of this current on
capacitor leakage currents and power dissipation of resistor or
operational amplifier based charge-balancing circuits. It may also
be important to reduce long term leakage currents, as energy
harvesting charging at low levels may take up to many days.
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
R2
U2
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
In summary, in order for an energy harvesting application to be
successful, the input energy harvested must exceed all the energy
required, due to the leakages of the supercapacitors and the
charge-balancing circuits, plus any load requirements. With their
unique balancing characteristics and near-zero charge loss, SAB
MOSFETs are ideal devices for use in supercapacitor charge-
balancing in energy harvesting applications.
R3
U3
ꢀ
G
V-
BATTERY POWERED APPLICATIONS
V- TO NEXT BOARD V+
V+ TO NEXT BOARD V-
Many battery powered circuits requiring a supercapacitor to boost
power output can benefit from using SAB MOSFETs for
supercapacitor balancing. The additional power burn by using
SAB MOSFETs for supercapacitor stack balancing can actually
be negative, as adding SAB MOSFETs can save supercapacitor
leakage current and associated power dissipation by lowering the
operating bias voltage of the leakier supercapcitor. Applications
that depend on long life battery usage must take into account the
supercapacitor leakage current and balancing circuit power burn
because the currents involved are steady state DC currents that
are continuous throughout the lifetime of the application and its
battery life. The average added power dissipation with the addition
of the SABMB6 board is zero, provided the selection of the
operating voltages and SAB MOSFETs are appropriate for the
leakage currents of the supercapacitors specified.
V+
A
R1
VA
VB
VC
VD
VE
VF
VG
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
U1
ꢀ
ꢀ
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
R2
U2
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
R3
U3
ꢀ
CONNECTION TO OTHER SABMBXX PCBs
G
V-
The SABMB6 is compatible with other SABMBXX boards and is
designed to be used along with other SABMBXX boards connected
in series to achieve balancing the corresponding number of
supercapacitors installed in a stack. For example, nine
supercapacitors in series can be balanced with one SABMB6 PCB
and one SABMB16 PCB connected in series.
V- TO NEXT BOARD V+
V+ TO NEXT BOARD V-
V+
A
R1
VA
VB
VC
A
B
B
C
C
D
U1
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
For more information on the CHARACTERISTICS OF
SUPERCAPACITOR AUTO BALANCING (SABTM) MOSFETS,
please refer to the following documents:
*ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX FAMILY of SUPERCAPACITORAUTO
BALANCING (SABTM) MOSFET ARRAYS
C1
C2
C3
R2
U2
* Individual datasheet for chosen SAB MOSFET.
CAUTION:
Users must limit the voltage across any ALD9100XX chip to
15.0V max.
* Magnified, not to scale
SABMB6/SABMB6XX
Advanced Linear Devices, Inc.
3 of 4
TYPICAL APPLICATION
< +15.0V
ID (ON) < 80 mA
S
V+
ALD9100XX
OPTIONAL
D1
U1
VA
3, 8
NOTES
+
+
1. R1, R2, R3: USER SPECIFIED VALUES FROM
OPEN CIRCUIT TO ZERO (0.0) OHMS
2. U1, U2, U3: 8L SOIC ALD9100XXSALI
3. D1 THROUGH D6: OPTIONAL SCHOTTKY
RECTIFIER FOR REVERSE CURRENT
CLAMPING (TO277 FOOTPRINT)
4. C1 THROUGH C6: SUPERCAPACITORS
EXTERNAL TO THE SABMB6 PCB
M1
2
C1
C2
4
R1
VB
VC
6
D2
M2
7
1, 5
ALD9100XX
OPTIONAL
D3
U2
3, 8
+
+
M3
2
C3
C4
4
R2
PCB PRODUCT PART NUMBERS
VD
6
SABMB6
(blank PC Board)
D4
M4
7
SABMB616 (SAMB6 with three ALD910016SALI)
SABMB617 (SAMB6 with three ALD910017SALI)
SABMB618 (SAMB6 with three ALD910018SALI)
SABMB619 (SAMB6 with three ALD910019SALI)
SABMB620 (SAMB6 with three ALD910020SALI)
SABMB621 (SAMB6 with three ALD910021SALI)
SABMB622 (SAMB6 with three ALD910022SALI)
SABMB623 (SAMB6 with three ALD910023SALI)
SABMB624 (SAMB6 with three ALD910024SALI)
SABMB625 (SAMB6 with three ALD910025SALI)
SABMB626 (SAMB6 with three ALD910026SALI)
SABMB627 (SAMB6 with three ALD910027SALI)
SABMB628 (SAMB6 with three ALD910028SALI)
SABMB629 (SAMB6 with three ALD910029SALI)
SABMB630 (SAMB6 with three ALD910030SALI)
1, 5
ALD9100XX
OPTIONAL
D5
U3
VE
3, 8
+
+
M5
2
C5
C6
4
R3
VF
6
D6
M6
7
1, 5
VG
V-
SABMB6/SABMB6XX
Advanced Linear Devices, Inc.
4 of 4
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