SP6122CUA-3.3-L/TR [EXAR]

Switching Controller, 2A, 390kHz Switching Freq-Max, PDSO8, MICRO, PLASTIC, SOIC-8;
SP6122CUA-3.3-L/TR
型号: SP6122CUA-3.3-L/TR
厂家: EXAR CORPORATION    EXAR CORPORATION
描述:

Switching Controller, 2A, 390kHz Switching Freq-Max, PDSO8, MICRO, PLASTIC, SOIC-8

光电二极管
文件: 总20页 (文件大小:116K)
中文:  中文翻译
下载:  下载PDF数据表文档文件
®
SP6122  
Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
Ideal for 1A to 5A, Small Footprint, DC-DC Power Converters  
Optimized for Single Supply, 3V - 7V Applications  
High Efficiency, Greater than 90% Possible  
Small Micro 8 Package  
20ns/1nF PFET Output Driver  
Fast Transient Response  
Open Drain Fault Output Pin  
Internal, 2ms, Soft Start Circuit (300kHz)  
Accurate 1.5% Reference  
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
VCC  
PDRV  
GND  
ISET  
SP6122  
FFLAG  
VOUT  
8 Pin µSOIC  
ENABLE  
ISENSE  
Factory Programmable Output Voltage  
Factory Programmable Frequency, up to 600kHz  
Loss-less Adjustable Current Limit with High side  
RDS(ON) Sensing  
Hiccup or Lock-up Fault Modes  
Minimum On-Time, “Jitter & Frequency Stabilized”  
PFM Control: Simplifies Input and Output Filter  
design, provides great Light Load Efficiency and  
allows for Low Drop Out Regulation.  
APPLICATIONS  
Video Cards  
High Power Portable  
Microcontrollers  
I/O & Logic  
Industrial Control  
Distributed Power  
Low Voltage Power  
Low 5µA Sleep Mode Quiescent Current  
Low 300µA Protected Mode Quiescent Current  
Ultra Low, 150µA Unprotected Mode Quiescent  
Current  
Output Over Voltage Protection  
DESCRIPTION  
The SP6122 is a PWM/PFM minimum on-time controller designed to work from a single  
5V or 3.3V input supply. It is engineered specifically for size and minimum components  
count, simplifying the transition from a linear regulator to a switcher solution. However,  
unlike other “micro” parts, the SP6122 has an array of value added features like optional  
hiccup mode, over current protection, TTL enable, “jitter and frequency stabilization” and  
a fault flag pull down pin. Combined with reference and driver specifications usually found  
on more expensive integrated circuits, the SP6122 delivers great performance and value  
in a micro 8 package.  
3.0V to 7.0V  
V
IN  
Available in 300kHz or 600kHz  
1.5V Adjustable  
1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V Fixed  
RSET  
CV  
CC  
V
PDRV  
GND  
CC  
®®  
MP2  
FFLAG  
FFLAG  
SP6122  
V
I
OUT  
SET  
1A to 5A  
L1  
ENABLE  
ENABLE  
I
V
OUT  
SENSE  
DFLY  
C
OUT  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
1
VCC .............................................................................................................. 7V  
All other pins ...................................... -0.3V to VCC+0.3V  
Peak Output Current < 10µs  
PDRV ......................................................................... 2A  
Storage Temperature .............................. -65°C to 150°C  
Power Dissipation  
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS  
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of  
the device at these ratings or any other above those  
indicated in the operation sections of the specifications  
below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum  
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect  
reliability.  
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ................. 300°C  
ESD Rating ...................................................... 2kV HBM  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Unless otherwise specified: 0°C < TAMB < 70°C, 3.0V < VCC < 5.5V, CPDRV = 1nF, VENABLE = VCC, VFFLAG = VCC  
,
I
SET = ISENSE = VCC, GND = 0V  
PARAMETER  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS CONDITIONS  
QUIESCENT CURRENT  
VCC Supply Current,  
OVC Enabled  
-
300  
400  
µA  
No Switching, ISET = ISENSE = VCC  
No Switching, ISET = ISENSE = 0  
VCC Supply Current,  
OVC Disabled  
-
-
250  
150  
-
-
µA  
µA  
VCC Supply Current,  
OVC Disabled, Ultra Low IQ  
No Switching, ISET = 0,  
ISENSE=VCC  
VCC Supply Current, Sleep Mode  
-
5
15  
µA  
Enable=0  
REFERENCE  
Output Voltage, Initial Accuracy  
VR*0.985  
VR  
VR  
5
VR*1.015  
V
V
VR = Factory Set Voltage,  
see Note  
Output Voltage, Over Line,  
Load and Temperature  
VR*0.980  
VR*1.020  
VR = Factory Set Voltage,  
see Note  
PWM/PFM Reference  
Comparator Hysteresis  
-
-
-
-
mV  
µA  
Internal Hysteresis at Feedback  
Terminal  
VOUT Input Current  
23  
VOUT = VR  
OSCILLATOR  
Oscillator Frequency  
F*0.7  
-
F
F*1.3  
-
kHz  
ns  
F = Factory Set Frequency,  
see Note  
Measured during Startup  
Minimum Pulse Width during  
Startup (Blanking Time)  
200  
Soft Start  
Soft Start Ramp Time  
(600kHz part)  
-
-
-
1
2
-
-
-
ms  
ms  
mV  
VOUT = VR – 30mV, Measure  
time from ENABLE = 1V to  
PDRV Low  
Soft Start Ramp Time  
(300kHz part)  
VOUT = VR – 30mV, Measure  
time from ENABLE = 1V to  
PDRV Low  
Soft Start Voltage when  
PDRV Switches  
250  
Measure VSoft Start when  
PDRV goes Low. (internal)  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
2
SPECIFICATIONS  
Unless otherwise specified: 0°C < TAMB < 70°C, 3.0V < VCC < 5.5V, CPDRV = 1nF, VENABLE = VCC, VFFLAG = VCC  
,
I
SET = ISENSE = VCC, GND = 0V  
PARAMETER  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS CONDITIONS  
RDS OVER CURRENT COMPARATOR  
Over Current Comparator  
Threshold Voltage  
130  
150  
180  
-
mV  
V(ISET) - V(ISENSE) 25°C only  
Current into ISET 25°C only  
Threshold Voltage Temperature  
Coefficient  
-
3300  
ppm/°C  
ISET Sink Current  
18  
-
23  
28  
-
µA  
ISET Current Temperature  
Coefficient  
4000  
ppm/°C  
ISENSE Input Bias Current  
-
-
-
100  
VCC  
nA  
V
ISET, ISENSE Common Mode  
Input Range  
2.0  
Over Current Peak Detection  
Time Constant  
-
10  
-
µs  
ENABLE INPUT & FFLAG OUTPUT  
ENABLE Threshold  
-
1.1  
5
-
V
ENABLE Pin Source Current  
FFLAG Sink Current  
2
3
10  
µA  
mA  
7.5  
V(FFLAG) = 1V  
GATE DRIVER  
PDRV Rise Time  
PDRV Fall Time  
20  
20  
75  
75  
ns  
ns  
0.5V to 4.5V  
4.5V to 0.5V  
NOTE: Available Output Voltages: 1.5V Adj., 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V  
Available Frequencies: 300kHz, 600kHz  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
3
PIN DESCRIPTION  
PIN #  
PIN NAME  
DESCRIPTION  
1
2
VCC  
Main Supply Pin: Decouple close to pin.  
FFLAG  
Fault Flag Pull-down Pin: Sinks current during a fault condition. Can  
be hooked up to ENABLE to initiate Hiccup Timing.  
3
4
VOUT  
Regulated Output Voltage: This voltage is divided internally and  
compared to a 1.5%, 1.25V reference at the PWM/PFM comparator.  
ENABLE  
Enable Input: Floating this pin or pulling above 1.1V enables the part.  
Pulling this pin to less than 0.65V will disable the part. If FFLAG is  
hooked to ENABLE, a capacitor on ENABLE will control hiccup timing.  
5
ISENSE  
Negative Input to the Over Current Amplifier/Comparator: This input  
is subtracted from the ISET input and gained by a factor of 3.3. The  
output of this amplifier is compared with a 0.5V threshold, yielding a  
150mV threshold. This threshold has a 3300 ppm/°C temperature  
coefficient. If the subtraction exceeds 150mV, charge is pumped into  
a capacitor until the capacitor hits VCC/2. At this time, the over current  
fault is activated. If ISET = 0V and ISENSE = VCC, the part enters an  
unprotected, 150µA quiescent current mode.  
6
ISET  
Positive Input to the Over Current Amplifier: 23µA flows into the ISET  
pin if it is pulled through a resistor to VIN. This current has a  
4000ppm/°C temperature coefficient and can be used via external  
resistor to raise the overcurrent trip point from 150mV to some higher  
value. If ISET = 0V and ISENSE = 0V, the part enters an unprotected,  
250µA quiescent current mode.  
7
8
GND  
Power and Analog Ground: Hook directly to output ground.  
Drive for PFET High Side Switch: 1nF/20ns Output Driver.  
PDRV  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
4
BLOCK DIAGRAM  
Reset  
0.5V/ms (300kHz)  
1.0V/ms (600kHz)  
Soft Start  
Dominant  
SS  
-
R
SS  
Latch  
+
PFET OFF  
QB  
S
Reset  
1.25V  
Dominant  
4
ENABLE  
Reference  
-
POR  
QB  
Run  
Latch  
R
Soft Start Clock  
+
VOUT * K1  
TON  
1V  
Q
S
Start On Time  
Min On Time Clock  
VCC  
1
RESET  
Dominant  
S
QB  
Loop  
Latch  
Driver  
Logic  
PFET  
Driver  
Reference  
Comparator  
-
8
7
PDRV  
GND  
PFET OFF  
R
Q
VOUT  
3
6
X K1  
+
Blank  
200ns Blanking  
One Shot  
ISET  
PDRV  
23µA  
(4000 ppm/°C)  
Over Current  
(Gated S&H)  
Reset  
POR  
2
+
FFLAG  
Dominant  
X 3.3  
+
S
ISENSE  
5
-
FAULT  
500mV  
(3300 ppm/°C)  
-
Q
R
POR  
ISET  
ISENSE  
ISET < 1V  
Low IQ  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
5
either signal the upstream circuitry or to  
engage a hiccup mode that will restart the  
SP6122. Tying FFLAG to ENABLE allows  
the controller to restart without assistance.  
Lastly, the SP6122 includes a powerful 4  
PFETdriverstagedesignedtodriveaPFET  
associated with high speed converter de-  
signs in the 1 A – 5 A range.  
OPERATION  
General Overview  
The SP6122 is a minimum on-time, PFM  
controller for low cost DC/DC step down  
converters. The main control loop consists  
ofaREFERENCECOMPARATOR, anON-  
TIME CLOCK, a LOOP LATCH and a  
BLANKING ONESHOT. The REFERENCE  
comparatorhas10mVofinternalhysteresis  
anda1.25Vinternalreference. Bothhyster-  
esis and reference voltage are multiplied  
upward by the internal feedback resistor  
divider, K1. This value is set by the factory  
and determines the output voltage of the  
converter. This divider is also used in the  
on-time algorithm for the controller. If the  
output voltage drops below K1*1.25V, then  
theDRIVERLOGICtellsthePFETswitchto  
be “on” for a certain minimum time. The on-  
time is set by the Soft Start CLOCK fre-  
quency and is factory programmed to run at  
300kHz or 600kHz. When the part is en-  
abled, through VCC or the ENABLE pin, the  
DRIVER LOGIC is configured to first look at  
the fixed frequency Soft Start loop. The  
output voltage is then controlled by a 0.5V/  
ms (300 kHz) internal ramp. When the out-  
putvoltagereachesK1*1.25V,theSoftStart  
loop is switched off and the main loop takes  
over. In order for the main loop to appear to  
run at the same frequency as the fixed  
frequency Soft Start CLOCK, the on-time is  
modulated by a VOUT/VCC relationship. As a  
result, the SP6122 creates driver wave-  
forms that look like PWM waveforms. In an  
efforttoreducejitterandenhancethisPWM-  
like” appearance, trailing edge blanking is  
incorporated to prevent spurious switching  
after the PFET switch has turned off.  
Enable  
Low quiescent mode or “Sleep Mode” is  
initiated by pulling the ENABLE pin below  
650mV. The ENABLE pin has an internal  
4µA pull-up current and does not require  
any external interface for normal operation.  
If the ENABLE pin is driven from a voltage  
source, the voltage must be above 1.1V in  
order to guarantee proper “awake” opera-  
tion. Assuming that VCC is above about  
2.9V, the SP6122 transitions from “Sleep  
Mode” to “Awake Mode” in about 20µs –  
30µs and from “Awake Mode” to “Sleep  
Mode” in a few microseconds. SP6122 qui-  
escent current in sleep mode is 5µA typical.  
During Sleep Mode, the PFET switch is  
turned off, the internal SS voltage is held  
low and the FFLAG pin is high impedance.  
Low Current Operation  
Ifovercurrentfaultprotectionisnotneeded,  
the SP6122 offers two options to lower its  
quiescent current. By grounding both ISET  
and ISENSE pins, the circuitry responsible for  
over current detection is turned off. This  
option results in a saving of about 50µA in  
quiescent current. Option two requires that  
ISET is grounded and ISENSE is greater  
than 1.3V. This option put the SP6122 in a  
low performance mode that cuts the operat-  
ing frequency roughly in half and slows  
down critical comparators in the main loop.  
Option two can result in additional saving of  
100µA bringing the total quiescent current  
to only 150µA (typ).  
Fault management is controlled either  
through power-on-reset (POR) or RDSon  
sense over current protection. Should an  
over current condition occur, the SP6122  
will completely “lock-up” and turn the PFET  
switch off. The only way to recover will be to  
either cycle the ENABLE pin or VCC. A Fault  
flag output (FFLAG) has been included to  
Power On Reset (POR)  
The POR command is given every time the  
bandgap reference is started. The internal  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
6
1.25 V reference is compared against a 1V  
NFET threshold. When the reference is  
below the threshold, FAULT and RUN  
latches are reset, the internal SS voltage is  
discharged and the PFET switch is “off”.  
The SP6122 is allowed to begin a soft start  
cycle when the internal 1.25V is greater  
than the 1 V threshold. Note this is a “loose”  
threshold and should not be used to guar-  
antee under voltage lock out with respect to  
VCC. Care should be take to ensure that VCC  
does not “get stuck” on the way to its regu-  
lated value.  
dVOUT/dt creates an average sustained cur-  
rent in the output capacitor, this current  
must be considered while calculating peak  
inrush current and over current thresholds.  
An expression to determine the excess in-  
rush current due to the dVOUT/dt of the  
output capacitor is:  
ICOUT = COUT*K1*0.5 V/ms  
Lock Up & Hiccup Modes  
As previously stated, if the SP6122 detects  
an over current condition and initiates a  
fault, the power supply remains “locked up”.  
That is, the FFLAG pin immediately pulls  
low (if loaded) and the PFET switch turns  
off. This condition is permanent unless the  
either the VCC or ENABLE is cycled. How-  
everifFFLAGistiedtoENABLE,theSP6122  
will restart without assistance (Hiccup  
Mode). Furthermore, therestarttimecanbe  
controlled by the addition of a small capaci-  
tor on the ENABLE pin to ground. The  
restart time is equal to the amount of time it  
takes for the 4µA ENABLE pin current to  
charge the external capacitor to an NFET  
threshold (roughly 1V). The waveforms that  
describe the Hiccup Mode operation are  
shown below.  
Soft Start  
Soft start is required on step-down control-  
lerstopreventexcessinrushcurrentthrough  
the power train during start-up. On the  
SP6122, this is managed through turning  
the PFET switch on with a fixed frequency  
clock and then turning the switch off when  
divided down version of the output voltage  
exceeds the internal SS voltage ramp. The  
internal SS voltage ramp rises with a 0.5 V/  
ms slew rate (300 kHz part) and the internal  
feedbackvoltagefollowsthisrateofchange.  
The presence of the output capacitor cre-  
atesextracurrentdrawduringstartup.Since  
SS  
Voltage  
dVSS/dt = 0.5Vms  
0.25V  
150mV  
0V  
VISET - VISENSE  
0V  
Comparator  
Reference  
Voltage  
VOUT = V(1.25 REF) * K1  
1.25V  
V(VCC  
)
FFLAG  
Voltage  
0V  
0V  
V(VCC  
)
ILOAD  
ENABLE  
Voltage  
Inductor  
Current  
dVENABLE/dt = 4µA/CENABLE  
1.0V  
0V  
0A  
V(VCC  
)
V(VIN  
)
PDRV  
Voltage  
SWN  
Voltage  
0V  
0V  
TIME  
TIME  
Figure 2:  
Figure 1:  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
7
Over Current Protection  
in an effort to match the thermal character-  
istics of the PFET switch. It assumed that  
theSP6122willbeusedincompactdesigns  
where there is a high amount of thermal  
coupling between the PFET and the con-  
troller.  
Over current protection on the SP6122 is  
implemented through detection of an ex-  
cess voltage condition across the PFET  
switch during conduction. This is typically  
referred to as high side RDSon detection.  
The over current comparator charges a  
sampling capacitor each time V(ISET) –  
V(ISENSE) exceeds 150mV (typ) and the  
PDRV voltage is low. The discharge cur-  
rent/charge current ratio on the sampling  
capacitor is about 2%. Therefore, provided  
that the over current condition persists, the  
capacitor voltage will be pumped up during  
each time PDRV switches low and this  
voltage will trigger an over current condition  
upon reaching a CMOS inverter threshold.  
There are many advantages to this ap-  
proach. First, thefilteringactionofthegated  
S/H scheme protects against false trigger-  
ing during a transient load condition or sup-  
ply line noise. In addition, the total amount  
of time to trigger the fault depends on the  
on-timeofthePFETswitch.Ten,1µspulses  
are equivalent to twenty, 500ns pulses or  
one, 1µs pulse, however, depending on the  
period, each scenario takes a different  
amount of total time to trigger a fault. There-  
fore, the fault becomes an indicator of aver-  
age power in the PFET switch. Also, be-  
cause the CMOS trip threshold is depen-  
dent on VCC, the over current scheme is  
protected against false triggering due to  
changes in line voltage.  
Light Load Operation  
One of the advantages of the SP6122 mini-  
mum on-time control scheme is the loop’s  
ability to seamlessly and efficiently transi-  
tion from heavy loads to light loads. In most  
other control schemes, the controller is no-  
tified about a light load condition and then  
must abruptly change control schemes in  
order to maintain efficiency. The SP6122  
simply reduces the frequency when the  
average load current is less than the aver-  
age inductor ripple current. As a result,  
switching loss decreases as the load cur-  
rent decreases and overall efficiency is  
maintained.  
Output Driver  
The driver stage consists of a high side, 4  
ohm PFET driver. The following waveforms  
illustrate basic behavior of the driver.  
Gate Driver Test Conditions  
5 V  
90 %  
90 %  
10 %  
RISE TIME  
FALL TIME  
PDRV  
10 %  
V(VCC)  
Although the 150mV threshold is fixed, the  
overall RDSon detection voltage can be  
increased by placing a resistor from ISET to  
VCC. A 23µA sink current programs the  
additional voltage.  
PDRV  
Voltage  
0 V  
V(VCC) = VIN  
SWN  
Voltage  
The 150 mV threshold and 23µA ISET cur-  
rent have 3300 ppm/°C and 4000 ppm/°C  
temperature coefficients, respectively.  
These TC’s are designed into the SP6122  
0V  
- V(VDIODE  
)
TIME  
Figure 2:  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
8
APPLICATION INFORMATION  
7A. The body of the applications section  
contains:  
As an SP6122 application example, we will  
use the circuit from the SP6122 Evaluation  
Board Manual. This evaluation board uses  
the Sipex SP6122CU-A2, 1.5V adjustable,  
300kHz PFET controller to realize a 3.3V to  
1.9V step down converter. The board is  
optimized for 1A – 4A operation and has an  
RDSon over current trip threshold of about  
• Data for the Evaluation Board  
• Guidelines for Component Selection  
• Features and Protection  
• Layout Guidelines  
• Introduction to the “Buck Cad Calculator”  
+3.3V  
V
IN  
C
IN  
C1  
4.7  
47  
µF  
+
µ
F
Ceramic  
Ceramic  
1
8
7
6
5
PMOS  
V
PDRV  
GND  
CC  
Q1  
®®  
FDS6375  
FFLAG  
1
2
3
4
FFLAG  
J1  
RS  
1.00k  
SP6122  
V
I
OUT  
SET  
2
22  
µH  
+1.9V  
ENABLE  
V
OUT  
ENABLE  
I
SENSE  
V
OUT  
L1  
CEN  
4.7nF  
R1  
499  
+
3
DS  
STPS2L25U  
C
OUT  
470µF  
GND  
R2  
1.91k  
Figure 1. SP6122 Evaluation Board Application Schematic  
Spreadsheet  
89  
88  
87  
86  
85  
84  
83  
Data For Evaluation Board  
The SP6122 is engineered for size and mini-  
mum pin count, yet has a very accurate 2.0%  
reference over line, load and temperature.  
Figure 2 data shows a typical SP6122 Evalu-  
ationBoardEfficiencyplot, withefficienciesto  
88% and output currents to 4A. Load Regula-  
tion plot in Figure 3 shows an essentially flat  
response of only 3mV change for up to 4A  
load. Figure 4 Line Regulation illustrates a  
1.90V output that varies only 4mV or 0.2% for  
an input voltage change from 3.0V to 5.5V.  
While data on individual power supply boards  
may vary, the capability of the SP6122 of  
achieving high accuracy over load and line  
shown here is quite impressive and desirable  
for accurate power supply design.  
0
1
2
3
4
5
I
(A)  
LOAD  
Figure 2. SP6122 Efficiency with VIN = 3.3V,  
VOUT = 1.9V.  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
9
Data For Evaluation Board: continued  
1.902  
1.901  
1.900  
1.905  
1.904  
1.903  
1.902  
1.901  
1.899  
1.898  
1.897  
1.900  
1.899  
0
1
2
3
4
5
3
4
5
6
I
(A)  
LOAD  
I
(A)  
LOAD  
Figure 4. SP6122 Line Regulation with ILOAD = 2A.  
Figure 3. SP6122 Load Regulation with Input  
Voltage = 3.3V.  
Guidelines for Component Selection  
GENERAL  
cost, settheinductorripplecurrentbetween  
20%to40%ofthemaximumoutputcurrent.  
The SP6122 is a minimum on-time PFM  
controller. This means there is no error amp  
controlling the loop. Although an internal  
algorithm adjusts the on-time approximate  
the performance of a fixed frequency con-  
troller, the loop control is generated by  
looking at OUTPUT RIPPLE. The peak to  
peak value of this output ripple must be no  
less than 2% of the DC output voltage in  
ordertomaintainreasonablefixedfrequency  
operation. In addition, as with all PFM con-  
trollers, board layout is critical and careful  
attention must be paid to minimize paths  
that can generate noise. Fortunately, the  
SP6122isdesignedforsimplicityandminimal  
external components, making it easy to de-  
signsmall, quietpowerconvertersupto12W.  
The inductor operating point and switching  
frequency determine the inductor value as  
seen in the following expression:  
L = (VOUT + VDIODE)*(VIN – VOUT)/  
((VIN + VDIODE)*( FS KR IOUT(max)))  
Where FS = switching frequency (see Soft  
Start Frequency Specification)  
KR = ratio of the ac inductor ripple current to  
the maximum output current  
VDIODE = forward Schottky diode voltage  
For an application with 1.9V out, 4A maxi-  
mumIOUT,3.3Vinputsupply,400mVtypical  
forward diode voltage, 300kHz clock fre-  
quency and a 30% inductor ripple current, a  
2.2µH inductor was selected (see Table 1  
SP6122 Component Selection).  
INDUCTOR SELECTION  
In a SP6122 application, the main factors  
for choosing an inductor are likely to be  
cost, size, saturation current and efficiency.  
If you use low inductor values, you get the  
smallest size, but you may cause larger  
ripple currents and poor efficiency and re-  
quire more output capacitance to smooth  
the output ripple. Increasing the inductor  
valuewilldecreasetheoutputvoltageripple  
but degrade the transient response. For a  
goodcompromisebetweensize,lossesand  
The peak to peak inductor ripple current is:  
IPP = (VOUT + VDIODE)*(VIN – VOUT)/  
((VIN + VDIODE)*( FS L))  
For that same 2.2µH inductor application,  
the IPP = 1.32A.  
The inductor must be selected to not satu-  
rate the core at the peak inductor current:  
IPEAK = IOUT(max) + IPP/2  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
10  
Guidelines for Component Selection: continued  
Again,forthatsame2.2µHapplication,IPEAK  
= 4.6A. Therefore, a 2.2µH inductor with at  
least a 5A rating would be desired.  
high switching frequencies because they  
have low core losses as long as the satura-  
tion current is avoided.  
The type of core material to use must also  
be determined. For low cost, powdered iron  
cores can be used, and they have a gradual  
saturationcharacteristic,buttheycancause  
ac core loss when the inductor value is low  
and ripple current is high. Ferrite cores, on  
the other hand, have an abrupt saturation  
characteristic and the inductor value drops  
sharply when the peak design current is  
exceeded. But, ferrites are preferred for  
Table 1 lists examples of both shielded and  
unshielded ferrite core inductors for applica-  
tionsappropriateforSP6122applicationsfrom  
2A to 5A output current. The inductors listed  
are both shielded and unshielded, the cus-  
tomer can decide what is needed for their  
application.FortheSP6122EvaluationBoard,  
theunshieldedferriteinductor2.2µHCoilcraft  
DO3316P-222 was selected for its cost/per-  
formance features.  
INDUCTORS - SURFACE MOUNT Note: Components highlighted in bold are those used on the SP6122 Evaluation Board.  
INDUCTOR SPECIFICATION  
Inductance  
Manufacturer/  
Part No.  
Series R  
Isat  
(A)  
Size LxWxH  
(mm)  
Manufacturer  
Website  
(µH)  
()  
Inductor Type  
1.5  
Coilcraft DO3316P-152  
0.010  
0.012  
0.015  
0.006  
0.008  
0.010  
0.019  
0.024  
0.029  
8.0  
7.0  
6.4  
10.0  
7.5  
6.0  
3.7  
3.2  
2.7  
12.9x9.4x5.0  
12.9x9.4x5.0  
12.9x9.4x5.0  
10x10x3.8  
Unshielded Ferrite Core  
Unshielded Ferrite Core  
Unshielded Ferrite Core  
Shielded Ferrite Core  
Shielded Ferrite Core  
Shielded Ferrite Core  
Unshielded Ferrite Core  
Unshielded Ferrite Core  
Unshielded Ferrite Core  
www.coilcraft.com  
www.coilcraft.com  
www.coilcraft.com  
www.sumida.com  
www.sumida.com  
www.sumida.com  
www.murata.com  
www.murata.com  
www.murata.com  
2.2 Coilcraft DO3316P-222  
3.3 Coilcraft DO3316P-332  
1.5 Sumida CDRH104R-1R5  
2.5 Sumida CDRH104R-2R5  
3.8 Sumida CDRH104R-3R8  
10x10x3.8  
10x10x3.8  
1.5  
2.2  
3.3  
Murata LQN6C1R5M04  
Murata LQN6C2R2M04  
Murata LQN6C3R3M04  
5.0x5.7x4.7  
5.0x5.7x4.7  
5.0x5.7x4.7  
CAPACITORS - SURFACE MOUNT & THROUGH HOLE Note: Components highlighted in bold are those used on the SP6122 Evaluation Board.  
CAPACITOR SPECIFICATION  
Capacitance  
Manufacturer/  
Part No.  
ESR  
Ripple Current  
Size LxWxH  
(mm)  
Voltage  
(V)  
Capacitor  
Type  
Manufacturer  
Website  
(
)
µF  
(max)  
(A) @ 25°C  
470  
47  
SANYO 6TPB470M  
0.035  
3.0  
4.0  
4.0  
2.7  
7343H  
1812  
10.0 SMT Tant.  
6.3 SMT X5R Cer.  
10.0 SMT X5R Cer.  
www.sanyovideo.com  
www.tdk.com  
TDK C4532X5R0J476M 0.005  
4.7 TDK C3216X5R1C475M 0.020  
100 SANYO 16SA100M 0.030  
1206  
www.tdk.com  
8Dx10L  
16.0Thru-hole OS-CON www.sanyovideo.com  
PMOS SWITCH - SURFACE MOUNT Note: Components highlighted in bold are those used on the SP6122 Evaluation Board.  
PMOS SPECIFICATION  
RDS(ON)  
Gate Charge  
nc @ 3.3V  
Crss  
(pF)  
Id (max)  
(A)  
Package  
Type  
Manufacturer  
Website  
Manufacturer/Part No.  
Fairchild FDS6375  
Siliconix SI4463DY  
Intersil ITF86172SK8T  
@ 3.3V  
0.022  
0.015  
0.023  
15  
34  
17  
300  
800  
400  
8
10  
8
SO-8  
SO-8  
SO-8  
www.fairchildsemi.com  
www.siliconix.com  
www.intersil.com  
SCHOTTKY DIODE - SURFACE MOUNT Note: Components highlighted in bold are those used on the SP6122 Evaluation Board.  
DIODE SPECIFICATION  
V
IF(AV)  
(A)  
Size LxWxH Reverse V  
Package  
Type  
Manufacturer  
Website  
F @ IF  
Manufacturer/Part No.  
STMicro STPS2L25U  
On-Semi MBRD835L  
(V)  
(mm)  
(V)  
25  
35  
0.50  
0.50  
4.0  
5.5x3.9x2.5  
9.4x6.7x2.3  
SMB  
www.st.com  
8.0  
DPAK  
www.onsemi.com  
Table 1: SP6122 Component Selection  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
11  
Guidelines for Component Selection: continued  
The copper loss in the inductor can be  
calculated from the equation:  
waveform. For a 1.9V output voltage, the  
required ripple is a reasonable 38 mV. The  
designer must chose all other trade-offs  
wisely to maintain this ripple  
2
2
P
L(Cu) =IL(RMS) RWINDING IOUT(max) RWINDING  
For the 2.2µH example with 0.012ESR in  
the winding, 4A load and 1.9V output, the  
copper loss in the inductor is 190mW.  
0.02 * VOUT < IPP * RESR  
and  
ILOAD * RESR < VTOL  
OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION  
where:  
The output capacitor is typically selected  
based on its ability to maintain the output  
within specified tolerance limits during load  
transients. During an output load transient,  
the output capacitor must supply all the  
additional current demanded by the load  
until the SP6122 adjusts the inductor cur-  
rent to the new value. Therefore the capaci-  
tance must be large enough so that the  
output voltage is held up while the inductor  
current ramps up or down to the value  
corresponding to the new load current. For  
power converters delivering greater than  
1A at less than 1MHz switching frequency,  
the output capacitor is typically greater than  
100µF. Typically, tantalum and OSCON  
capacitors are used to get high output ca-  
pacitance in a small space. These capaci-  
tors have a high Equivalent Series Resis-  
tance (ESR) when compared to ceramic  
capacitors and this ESR is both a curse and  
ablessing. Unfortunately, theESR(Equiva-  
lent Series Resistance) in the output ca-  
pacitor causes a step in the output voltage  
equal to the ESR value multiplied by the  
change in load current. As a result, in a  
power supply using a tantalum, aluminum  
electrolytics or OSCON output capacitor,  
the value of output capacitance (or number  
of output capacitors) is typically chosen to  
minimize the output variation due to the  
load step imposed on this ESR. However,  
the SP6122 takes advantage of the natural  
presence of this ESR to control the loop.  
Because the inductor ripple current also  
flows through this ESR, and output ripple  
voltage is created and the waveform is  
resembles a miniature current-mode timing  
VOUT = DC output voltage  
RESR = ESR of the output capacitor  
DILOAD = change in current due to load  
step  
DVTOL = tolerable deviation due to load  
transient  
IPP = peak to peak inductor ripple current  
Output ripple is due primarily to the output  
ripple current and the output capacitor ESR  
value as seen in the following equation:  
VOUT IPP RESR  
For our SP6122 evaluation board example  
with ESR = 35mand IPP = 1.32A, VOUT  
=
46mV. Note that a 4A step creates a 140mV  
deviation. If this is unacceptable, ESR and  
IPP must be reconsidered in order to im-  
prove step response and maintain output  
ripple.  
Recommendedcapacitorsthatcanbeused  
effectively in SP6122 applications are: low-  
ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors,  
OSCON capacitors that provide a very high  
performance/size ratio for electrolytic ca-  
pacitors and low-ESR tantalum capacitors.  
AVX TPS series and Kemet T510 surface  
mount capacitors are popular tantalum ca-  
pacitors that work well in SP6122 applica-  
tions. POSCAP from Sanyo is a solid elec-  
trolytic chip capacitor that has low ESR and  
high capacitance. For the same ESR value,  
POSCAP has lower profile compared with a  
tantalum capacitor.  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
12  
Guidelines for Component Selection: continued  
INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION  
age derating to protect the input capacitors  
from surge fall-out.  
The input capacitor should be selected for  
ripple current rating, capacitance and volt-  
age rating. The input capacitor must meet  
the ripple current requirement imposed by  
the switching current. In continuous con-  
duction mode, the source current of the  
high-side MOSFET is approximately a  
square wave of duty cycle VOUT/VIN. Most of  
this current is supplied by the input bypass  
capacitors. The RMS value of input capaci-  
tor current is determined at the maximum  
output current and under the assumption  
that the peak to peak inductor ripple current  
is low, it is given by:  
For accurate control it is important to keep  
ripple voltages on Vin to a minimum. Vin  
powers the SP6122 and its internal refer-  
ence used to maintain output regulation, so  
proper input bypassing is critical to reduce  
referencenoise. Withareferencecompara-  
tor internal hysteresis of 5mV, and a 1.25V  
reference voltage, noise on the VCC of the  
ICC should be kept to about 20mV or less to  
reduce reference noise effect on output  
regulation.  
The use of very low ESR capacitors is recom-  
mendedforVinbypassing, throughtheuseof  
parallel combinations of tantalum capacitors  
or even better using some of the new large  
valued multi-layer ceramic capacitors. ESR  
valuesaslowas0.005canbeobtainedwith  
a 47µF ceramic (see table 1 capacitor selec-  
tion)andtheseceramiccapacitorswillreduce  
thepowerlossintheinputcapacitancegreatly  
by their reduced ESR values.  
ICIN(RMS) = IOUT(MAX)SQRT(D(1-D))  
The worse case occurs when the duty cycle  
D is 50% and gives an RMS current value  
equal to IOUT/2. Select input capacitors with  
adequate ripple current rating to ensure  
reliable operation. The power dissipated in  
the input capacitor is:  
2
PCIN = ICIN (RMS) RESR(CIN)  
For the SP6122 example using the 47µF  
ceramic input capacitor, the PCIN = 20mW,  
which is very efficient, and the input ripple  
voltage at the VIN post (not the VCC pin of the  
IC) is about 90mV.  
This can become a significant part of power  
losses in a converter and hurt the overall  
energy transfer efficiency. The input volt-  
age ripple primarily depends on  
the input capacitor ESR and capacitance.  
Ignoring the inductor ripple current, the in-  
put voltage ripple can be determined by:  
MOSFET SELECTION  
A SP6122 design uses a PMOS switch on  
the high side, without the need for a high  
side charge pump, simplifying the applica-  
tion circuit. The losses associated with the  
PMOS can be divided into conduction and  
switching losses. Conduction losses are  
related to the on resistance of the PMOS,  
and increase with the load current. Switch-  
ing losses occur on each on/off transition  
when the PMOS experiences both high  
current and voltage. The switching losses  
are difficult to quantify due to all the vari-  
ables affecting turnon/turnoff time. How-  
ever, the following equation provides an  
approximation on the switching losses as-  
sociated with the PMOS driven by SP6122.  
VIN = IOUT (MAX) RESR(CIN)  
IOUT(MAX)VOUT(VIN - VOUT)/( FS CIN VIN  
+
2
)
The capacitor type suitable for the output  
capacitors can also be used for the input  
capacitors. However, exercise extra cau-  
tion when tantalum capacitors are consid-  
ered. Tantalum capacitors are known for  
catastrophic failure when exposed to surge  
current, and input capacitors are prone to  
such surge current when power supplies  
areconnectedlivetolowimpedancepower  
sources. Certain tantalum capacitors, such  
as AVX TPS series, are surge tested. For  
generic tantalum capacitors, use 2:1 volt-  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
13  
Guidelines for Component Selection: continued  
PSH(MAX) 1/2 IOUT(MAX)VIN(MAX)(tRISE + FALL)FS  
t
Thermal calculation must be conducted to  
ensure the MOSFET can handle the maxi-  
mum load current. The junction tempera-  
tureoftheMOSFET, determinedasfollows,  
must stay below the maximum rating.  
where tRISE (SP6122) for 8A PMOS is typi-  
cally 20ns and tFALL (SP6122) for 8A PMOS  
is typically 40ns.  
Switching losses need to be taken into  
account for high switching frequency, since  
they are directly proportional to switching  
frequency. The conduction losses associ-  
ated with the PMOS is determined by:  
TJ(MAX) = TA (MAX) + PMOSFET(MAX) RθJA  
where  
T
A (MAX) = maximum ambient temperature  
PMOSFET(MAX) = maximum power dissipation  
of the MOSFET, including both switching  
and conduction losses  
2
PCH(MAX) = IOUT (MAX) RDS(ON)  
D
Where RDS(ON) = drain to source on resis-  
tance.  
RθJA = junction to ambient thermal resistance.  
The total power losses of the PMOS are the  
sum of switching and conduction losses.  
For input voltages of 3.3V and 5V, conduc-  
tionlossesoftendominateswitchinglosses.  
Therefore,loweringtheRDS(ON) ofthePMOS  
always improves efficiency even though it  
gives rise to higher switching losses due to  
RθJA of the device depends greatly on the  
board layout, as well as device package.  
Significant thermal improvement can be  
achievedinthemaximumpowerdissipation  
through the proper design of copper mount-  
ing pads on the circuit board. For example,  
in a SO-8 package, placing two 0.04 square  
inches copper pad directly under the pack-  
age, without occupying additional board  
space, can increase the maximum power  
from approximately 1 to 1.2W.  
increased CRSS  
.
For the SP6122 design example, the  
Fairchild PMOS FDS6375 was selected for  
its low RDS(ON) and good switching charac-  
teristics including low gate charge at the  
3.3V input. Using table 1 values for RDS(ON)  
and tRISE and tFALL for the SP6122, we  
calculate;  
For the PMOS FDS6375, assuming TA (MAX)  
= 20°C, PMOSFET(MAX) = PSH(MAX) + PCH(MAX)  
= 321mW, and assuming per FDS6375  
2
data sheet, RθJA = 50°C/W if using 0.5 in  
pad of 2oz Cu,  
PSH(MAX) = 119mW and PCH(MAX) = 203mW.  
TJ(MAX) = 36°C  
RDS(ON) varies greatly with the gate driver  
voltage.TheMOSFETvendorsoftenspecify  
RDS(ON) on multiple gate to source voltages  
(VGS), as well as provide typical curve of  
RDS(ON) versus VGS. For 5V input, use the  
RDS(ON) specifiedat4.5VVGS. Atthetimeof  
this publication, vendors, such as Fairchild,  
Siliconix and International Rectifier, have  
started to specify RDS(ON) at VGS less than  
3V. This has provided necessary data for  
designsinwhichtheseMOSFETsaredriven  
with 3.3V and made it possible to use  
SP6122 in 3.3V only applications.  
which is only a 16°C rise from ambient.  
SCHOTTKY DIODE SELECTION  
The schottky diode is selected for low for-  
ward voltage, current capability and fast  
switching speed. The average power dissi-  
pation of the schottky diode is determined  
by  
PDIODE = VF IOUT (1- D)  
Where VF is the forward voltage of the  
schottky diode at IOUT  
.
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
14  
Guidelines for Component Selection: continued  
For the SP6122 example, the schottky  
STPS2L25U has VF = 0.5V for IOUT of 4A,  
Since RIN2 has ±50% tolerance, ib change  
is +20µA/-7µA. If the SP6122 is trimmed to  
1.5V output, Vb will be fixed at 1.5V in a  
closed loop. As a result, i2 is not affected by  
the variation of the internal resistors, and  
the +20uA/-7uA current variation will be  
passed on to i3.  
the power loss in the schottky PDIODE  
848mW.  
=
Note that this power dissipation is 2.5 times  
greaterthantheMOSFET.Ifweassumethe  
same thermal conductivity as the MOSFET  
(according to the data sheets, this is close)  
weshouldgeta40°CriseduetotheSchottky  
diode alone. It is apparent that due to the  
proximity of all the components involved  
that the board temperature is higher than  
ambient and this temperature rise must be  
considered when attempting to protect the  
power converter.  
V
OUT = Vb+i3*R1,  
Therefore,  
DVOUT = Di3*R1 = +20µA/-7µA*R1.  
That is, the additional variation on the out-  
put voltage is caused by the internal voltage  
divider. Forexample,withR1selectedtobe  
500, the variation on the output voltage  
will be +10mV/-3.5mV.  
Features and Protection  
SP6122 Evaluation Board Divider Resis-  
tors: The values of R1 and R2 are selected  
to program 1.9V output, with 1.5V trim volt-  
PROGRAMMING THE SP6122 OUTPUT  
VOLTAGE  
As you can see by the schematic in Figure 5,  
the SP6122 uses an internal feedback di-  
vider to initially trim the output voltage using  
RIN1 and RIN2, where RIN2 is approximately  
62.5K. To accommodate the user who  
wants to externally program the SP6122  
output voltage, the SP6122 Evaluation  
Board has 2 external divider resistors, R1  
and R2, which can be used to program the  
output voltage above, but not below the  
voltage set by the internal resistor divider.  
The relationships for the external divider  
resistors are derived below:  
age Vb, and R1 = 500:  
i3 = (VOUT-Vb)/R1=(1.9-1.5)/500 = 800µA.  
The external voltage divider will add only  
800µA to the load. Divider Resistor R2 is:  
R2 = Vb/(i3-i1) =1.5/(800µA-20µA) = 1.9k  
The user of the SP6122 Evaluation Board  
canusetheaboveequationsfori3andR2to  
modify R2 and change the output voltage to  
be any voltage from Vb (1.5V) to as high as  
the input voltage. And if you want the output  
voltage to be the preset voltage Vb (1.5V),  
just short a wire across R1.  
i1 = VA/RIN2 = 1.25/62.5k = 20µA  
SOFT START  
V
The SP6122 has a built-in soft start feature  
that automatically limits the inrush currents  
to reasonable levels for most power sup-  
plies. For our 300kHz, 1.9V example, the  
soft start time is 2 ms. The inrush current on  
start up is:  
OUT  
®
®
R1  
500  
i3  
i2  
SP6122  
Vb  
Pin 3  
R
IN1  
R2  
1.9k  
Va  
+
i1  
R
62.5k  
IINRUSH = 470µF * 1.9V/2ms = 447mA  
IN2  
Error  
Amplifier  
This extra current must be factored in when  
calculating over current margins.  
+
1.25V  
Figure 5: Schematic: Output Voltage Divider Resistors  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
15  
Features and Protection: continued  
LOCK-UP AND HICCUP MODES  
detection threshold at any temperature can  
be calculated with reasonable accuracy at  
room temperature. For our evaluation board  
example:  
Basically, when the SP6122 sees an over  
current fault, the part can react in two ways.  
If the FFLAG is not tied to ENABLE, the part  
will put the driver into a low impedance state  
to the high rail during a fault. The ENABLE  
pin must be manually cycled to remove the  
fault. This mode is useful when power sup-  
ply sequencing and system fault manage-  
ment is complex. If the FFLAG pin is tied to  
ENABLE, then a ‘hiccup’ time can be de-  
signed by adding a capacitor from ENABLE  
to ground. The 4µA ENABLE pin charge  
current acts as a timer. The driver will be put  
into a low impedance state to the high rail for  
a certain amount of time.  
ITRIP = (150mV + ISETRSET)/RDS(ON)  
=
(150mV + 23µA*1k)/25m= 6.92A  
This is the about the same trip threshold at  
room, hot or cold because a temperature  
coefficienthasbeenaddedtoboththe150mV  
andthe23µAsetcurrents. Thistemperature  
coefficient tracks the 25mRDSon of the  
external FET. Due to the small size of these  
power supplies, thermal coupling exists be-  
tween the PFET and the SP6122, making  
this thermal compensation reasonable, but  
not perfect. Notice there is about a 50% pad  
between the maximum usable current (5A)  
and the over current trip threshold (7A) in  
order to accommodate PFET and overall  
system variation.  
TOFF = CENABLE* 1.1V/4µA  
ForCENABLE =4.7nF, thistimeequals1.3ms.  
This represents a ‘cool off’ time required for  
the power supply to cycle and see if the fault  
has been removed. This mode is useful for  
shorttermfaultsorinsinglesupplysystems.  
RDS(ON) OVER CURRENT PROTECTION  
Fault conditions are detected via an over  
voltage condition across the PMOS switch  
during conduction. This is commonly known  
as RDSon sensing. RDSon sensing is inac-  
curate but efficient and is used where an  
indicatorofovercurrentbehaviorisrequired  
for protection. Two advanced features are  
incorporated in the SP6122 RDSon sensing  
scheme. The sensing environment is very  
noisy. Typical schemes require some exter-  
nal filtering in order to avoid spurious faults  
due to noise or load transients, often com-  
promising the protection and performance  
at low duty ratios. The SP6122 incorporates  
a 10µs internal sample and hold filter after  
the main sense comparator. In this fashion,  
small pulse widths can be detected while  
maintaining adequate filtering against false  
glitches. In addition, temperature compen-  
sation is added such that the over current  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
16  
Layout Guidelines  
PCB layout plays a critical role in proper  
function of the converters and EMI control.  
Inswitchmodepowersupplies, loopscarry-  
ing high di/dt give rise to EMI and ground  
bounce. Thegoaloflayoutoptimizationisto  
identify these loops and minimize them. It is  
also crucial on how to connect the controller  
ground such that its operation is not af-  
fected by noise. The following guidelines  
should be followed to ensure proper opera-  
tion.  
1. A ground plane is recommended for  
minimizing noises, copper losses and  
maximizing heat dissipation.  
2. Connect the ground of the feedback  
divider to the GND pin of the IC. Then  
connect this pin as close as possible to  
the ground of the output capacitor.  
3. The Vcc bypass capacitor should be right  
next to the Vcc and GND pins.  
4. The traces connecting to the feedback  
resistorsandcurrentsensecomponents  
should be short and far away from the  
switch node and switching components.  
5. Minimize the trace length/maximize the  
trace width between the PDRV pin and  
the gate of the PMOS.  
6. Minimize the loop composed of input  
capacitors, PMOS and Schottky diode,  
as this loop carries high di/dt current.  
Also increase the trace width to reduce  
copper losses.  
7. Maximize the trace width of the loop  
connecting the inductor, output capaci-  
tors, and Schottky diode.  
8. For an layout example of an SP6122  
powersupply(3.3Vinand1.9Voutat4A)  
see the SP6122 Evaluation Board  
Manual.  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
17  
SP6122 Design Calculator Example: Evaluation Board with 3.3VIN, 1.9VOUT  
Table 2, SP6122 Design Calculator, illus-  
trates the calculations and formulas con-  
tained in the Sipex Non-Synchronous Buck  
Cad Calculator spreadsheet, (available in  
theapplicationssectionoftheSipexwebsite  
at www.sipex.com). The example shown is  
the same SP6122 Evaluation Board used  
previously with VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.9V at  
4A. As you can see, the SP6122 efficiency  
at 4A output is calculated to be 84.3%.  
Compare this with the Typical Performance  
Characteristics curve of 84.5%, which is  
very close considering the tolerances of  
various components, and you see how use-  
ful this easy design calculator is to evaluate  
your SP6122 designs.  
SP6122 Non-Synchronous Buck Design Calculator  
STEADY STATE CALCULATION  
Enter Values  
IN = Input Voltage (V)  
OUT = Output Voltage (V)  
Calculation Results  
3.3 D = Duty Cycle  
Formula  
V
0.58 = VOUT/V  
IN  
V
1.9 Iripple = Ripple Current (A)  
1.22 = (V -VOUT)*VOUT/(Fs*1000*L*0.000001*V )  
IN  
IN  
Fs = Switching Frequency (kHz)  
IOUT = Load Current (A)  
300 Ipeak = Peak Inductor Current (A)  
4.61 = IOUT+Iripple/2  
4
Output Ripple (mV)  
2.2 Iin = Max Input Current (A)  
Max Input Ripple (mV)  
42.75 = Iripple*ESRout  
2.56 = IOUT*D/0.9  
L = Inductance (µH)  
ESRin = Input Capacitor ESR (m)  
5
96.99 = IOUT*ESRin+Iin*(1-D)/(Fs*C *0.000001)  
IN  
CIN = Input Capacitance (µF)  
47 Iin_rms = Input Cap RMS Current (A)  
1.98 = IOUT*SQRT(D*(1-D))  
ESROUT = Output Capacitor ESR ()  
35  
EFFICIENCY CALCULATION  
Enter Values  
Calculation Results  
Formula  
RGH = GH Impedance ()  
PMOS  
4
Pic = IC Power (switching) (mW)  
31.35 = Icc*V +Chs*V *Fs*0.001  
IN  
IN  
TRISE = SP6122 typ. PMOS rise time (ns)  
TFALL = SP6122 typ. PMOS rise time (ns)  
Chs = PMOS Gate Charge @ VIN (nc)  
Rhs = RDS(ON) @ VIN (m)  
20 Psch = Schottky Conducting Loss (mw) 848.48 = Vf*IOUT*(1-D)*1000  
40  
15 Pch = PMOS Conducting Loss (mW)  
22 Psh = PMOS Switching Loss (mW)  
Phs = Total PMOS Loss (mW)  
202.67 = IOUT*IOUT*D*Rhs  
118.80 = 1/2*IOUT*V *(TRISE+TFALL)*Fs*0.001  
IN  
321.47 = Pch + Psh  
Vf = Schottky Forward Voltage  
ICC = Supply Current (no switch) (mA)  
ESR_L = Inductor ESR (m)  
0.5 Pl = Inductor loss (mW)  
192.00 = IOUT*IOUT*ESR_L  
19.54 = ESRIN*Iin_rms*Iin_rms  
1412.84 = Pic+Pls+Phs+Pl+Psch  
5
PcIN = Input Capacitor Loss(mW)  
12 Pltot = Total Power Losses (mW)  
Efficiency (%)  
84.32 = VOUT*IOUT/(VOUT*IOUT - Pltot/1000)*100  
Table 2: Design Calculator  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
18  
8 PIN PLASTIC  
MICRO SMALL  
OUTLINE (µSOIC)  
PACKAGE:  
0.0256  
BSC  
12.0˚  
±4˚  
0.012  
±0.003  
0.008  
0˚ - 6˚  
0.0965  
±0.003  
0.006  
±0.006  
R .003  
0.006  
±0.006  
0.118  
±0.004  
0.16  
±0.003  
3.0˚  
±3˚  
12.0˚  
±4˚  
0.0215  
1  
±0.006  
0.020  
0.020  
0.037  
Ref  
1
2
0.116  
±0.004  
0.034  
±0.004  
0.116  
±0.004  
0.040  
±0.003  
0.013  
±0.005  
0.118  
±0.004  
0.004  
±0.002  
0.118  
±0.004  
All package dimensions in inches  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
19  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Operating Temperature Range  
Part Number  
Package Type  
(300kHz)  
SP6122CUA-1.5 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-1.5/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-1.8 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-1.8/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-2.5 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-2.5/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-3.3 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUA-3.3/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
(600kHz)  
SP6122CUB-1.5 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-1.5/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-1.8 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-1.8/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-2.5 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-2.5/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-3.3 ....................................... 0°C to 70°C ............................................ 8 Pin µSOIC  
SP6122CUB-3.3/TR.................................. 0°C to 70°C ..................... (Tape & Reel) 8 Pin µSOIC  
Co rp o ra tio n  
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE  
Sipex Corporation  
Headquarters and  
Sales Office  
22 Linnell Circle  
Billerica, MA 01821  
TEL: (978) 667-8700  
FAX: (978) 670-9001  
e-mail: sales@sipex.com  
Sales Office  
233 South Hillview Drive  
Milpitas, CA 95035  
TEL: (408) 934-7500  
FAX: (408) 935-7600  
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the  
application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.  
Rev. 5/22/01  
SP6122 Low Voltage, Micro 8, PFET, Buck Controller  
© Copyright 2001 Sipex Corporation  
20  

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