ISL6420AIRZ-TK [INTERSIL]

Advanced Single Synchronous Buck Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller; 高级单同步降压脉宽调制( PWM )控制器
ISL6420AIRZ-TK
型号: ISL6420AIRZ-TK
厂家: Intersil    Intersil
描述:

Advanced Single Synchronous Buck Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller
高级单同步降压脉宽调制( PWM )控制器

控制器
文件: 总20页 (文件大小:558K)
中文:  中文翻译
下载:  下载PDF数据表文档文件
ISL6420A  
®
Data Sheet  
October 13, 2005  
FN9169.1  
Advanced Single Synchronous Buck  
Features  
• Operates from 4.5V to 28V Input  
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller  
The ISL6420A simplifies the implementation of a complete  
control and protection scheme for a high-performance  
DC/DC buck converter. It is designed to drive N-channel  
MOSFETs in a synchronous rectified buck topology, the  
ISL6420A integrates control, output adjustment, monitoring  
and protection functions into a single package. Additionally,  
the IC features an external reference voltage tracking mode  
for externally referenced buck converter applications and  
DDR termination supplies, as well as a voltage margining  
mode for system testing in networking DC/DC converter  
applications.  
• Excellent Output Voltage Regulation  
- 0.6V Internal Reference  
- ±1.0% Reference Accuracy Over Line and Temperature  
• Resistor-Selectable Switching Frequency  
- 100kHz to 1.4MHz  
• Voltage Margining and External Reference Tracking  
Modes  
• Output Can Sink or Source Current  
• Lossless, Programmable Overcurrent Protection  
- Uses Upper MOSFET’s r  
DS(ON)  
The ISL6420A provides simple, single feedback loop,  
voltage mode control with fast transient response. The  
output voltage of the converter can be precisely regulated to  
as low as 0.6V, with a maximum tolerance of ±1.0% over  
temperature and line voltage variations.  
• Programmable Soft-Start  
• Drives N-Channel MOSFETs  
• Simple Single-Loop Control Design  
- Voltage-Mode PWM Control  
The operating frequency is fully adjustable from 100kHz to  
1.4MHz. High frequency operation offers cost and space  
savings.  
• Fast Transient Response  
- High-Bandwidth Error Amplifier  
- Full 0% to 100% Duty Cycle  
The error amplifier features a 15MHz gain-bandwidth  
product and 6V/µs slew rate that enables high converter  
bandwidth for fast transient response. The PWM duty cycle  
ranges from 0% to 100% in transient conditions. Selecting  
the capacitor value from the ENSS pin to ground sets a fully  
adjustable PWM soft-start. Pulling the ENSS pin LOW  
disables the controller.  
• Extensive Circuit Protection Functions  
- PGOOD, Overvoltage, Overcurrent, Shutdown  
• Diode Emulation during Startup for Pre-Biased Load  
Applications  
• Offered in 20 Ld QFN and QSOP Packages  
• QFN (4x4) Package  
- QFN compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220 QFN - Quad  
Flat No Leads - Product Outline  
- QFN Near Chip Scale Package Footprint; Improves  
PCB Efficiency, Thinner in Profile  
The ISL6420A monitors the output voltage and generates a  
PGOOD (power good) signal when soft-start sequence is  
complete and the output is within regulation. A built-in  
overvoltage protection circuit prevents the output voltage  
from going above typically 115% of the set point. Protection  
from overcurrent conditions is provided by monitoring the  
• Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)  
r
of the upper MOSFET to inhibit the PWM operation  
DS(ON)  
appropriately. This approach simplifies the implementation  
and improves efficiency by eliminating the need for a current  
sensing resistor.  
Applications  
• Power Supplies for Microprocessors/ASICs  
- Embedded Controllers  
- DSP and Core Processors  
- DDR SDRAM Bus Termination  
• Ethernet Routers and Switchers  
• High-Power DC/DC Regulators  
• Distributed DC/DC Power Architecture  
• Personal Computer Peripherals  
• Externally Referenced Buck Converters  
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.  
1
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.  
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved  
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.  
ISL6420A  
Ordering Information  
PART  
TEMP.  
PKG.  
PART NUMBER  
ISL6420AIAZ (Note)  
MARKING  
RANGE (°C)  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
PACKAGE  
DWG. #  
6420AIAZ  
20 Ld QSOP (Pb-free)  
M20.15  
ISL6420AIAZ-TK (Note)  
ISL6420AIRZ (Note)  
6420AIAZ  
6420AIRZ  
6420AIRZ  
20 Ld QSOP (Pb-free) Tape and Reel  
20 Ld 4x4 QFN (Pb-free)  
M20.15  
L20.4x4  
L20.4x4  
ISL6420AIRZ-TK (Note)  
20 Ld 4x4 QFN (Pb-free) Tape and Reel  
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate  
termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL  
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.  
Pinouts  
ISL6420A (QFN)  
ISL6420A (QSOP)  
TOP VIEW  
TOP VIEW  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
PGOOD  
ENSS  
CDEL  
PGND  
20  
19  
20 19 18 17 16  
LGATE  
18 COMP  
17 FB  
PVCC  
GPIO2  
GPIO1/REFIN  
OCSET  
1
2
3
4
5
15 PGND  
14 CDEL  
13 PGOOD  
12 ENSS  
11 COMP  
PHASE  
16 RT  
UGATE  
SGND  
15  
BOOT  
14 VIN  
13 VCC5  
12  
GPIO2  
REFOUT  
GPIO1/REFIN  
VMSET/MODE  
VMSET/MODE  
OCSET 10  
11 REFOUT  
6
7
8
9
10  
FN9169.1  
2
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Functional Block Diagram  
VIN  
VCC5  
OCSET  
PHASE  
SGND  
LDO  
OVERCURRENT  
COMP  
+
-
OCFLT  
BOOT  
REFERENCE  
0.6V  
SS  
UGATE  
OVFLT  
UVFLT  
FAULT  
LOGIC  
PHASE  
ERROR  
AMP  
PHASE  
LOGIC  
+
+
-
FB  
COMP  
PWM  
-
PWM  
LOGIC  
PVCC  
LGATE  
PGND  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
RAMP  
GENERATOR  
REFOUT  
VOLTAGE  
MARGINING  
VMSET/MODE  
OV/UV  
OVFLT  
UVFLT  
FB  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
VOLTAGE  
MONITOR  
EN/SS  
ENSS  
OSC  
RT  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V  
C6  
C1  
C3  
C2  
C5  
R1  
C4  
PVCC  
VIN  
VCC5  
D1  
C9  
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
OSC  
C7  
0.1µF  
R2  
C8  
L1  
REF  
3.3V  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
C10  
-
+
+
-
R3  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
C11  
R6  
REFOUT  
C12  
R5  
C13  
R4  
VMSET/MODE  
FN9169.1  
October 13, 2005  
3
ISL6420A  
Typical 12V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
12V  
C6  
C1  
C5  
R1  
C3  
C2  
C4  
VIN PVCC  
VCC5  
D1  
C9  
OCSET  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
BOOT  
RT  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R2  
C8  
C7  
L1  
REF  
3.3V  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
-
C10  
+
+
-
R3  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
C11  
R6  
REFOUT  
C13  
C12  
R5  
R4  
VMSET/MODE  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V  
C6  
C1  
C3  
C5  
R1  
C2  
C4  
D1  
C8  
PVCC  
VIN  
VCC5  
OCSET  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
SS/EN  
BOOT  
RT  
CDEL  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R2  
C7  
L1  
PGOOD  
REF  
2.5V/1.25V  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
-
C9  
+
+
-
R3  
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN <-- VREF = VDDQ/2  
GPIO2  
C10  
C11  
REFOUT  
R5  
1.25V VREF  
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY  
C12  
VMSET/MODE  
VCC5  
R4  
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS  
FN9169.1  
October 13, 2005  
4
ISL6420A  
Typical 12V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
12V  
C6  
C1  
C2  
C3  
C5  
R1  
C4  
VIN PVCC  
VCC5  
D1  
C8  
OCSET  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
SS/EN  
BOOT  
RT  
CDEL  
Q1  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R2  
C7  
L1  
PGOOD  
REF  
2.5V/1.25V  
VDDQ/VTT  
SGND  
FB  
Q2  
LGATE  
PGND  
-
C9  
+
+
-
COMP  
R3  
GPIO1/REFIN <-- VREF = VDDQ/2  
GPIO2  
C10  
C11  
REFOUT  
R5  
1.25V VREF  
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY  
C12  
VMSET/MODE  
VCC5  
R4  
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS  
FN9169.1  
5
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)  
Thermal Information  
Thermal Resistance (Typical)  
QFN Package (Notes 2, 3). . . . . . . . . .  
QSOP Package (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . .  
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . 150°C  
Maximum Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to 150°C  
Ambient Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . -40°C to 85°C (for “I” suffix)  
Junction Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to 125°C  
Bias Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+30V  
BOOT and Ugate Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +36V  
ESD Classification  
Human Body Model (JESD22 - A114) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000V  
Charged Device Model (JESD22 - C101) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000V  
θ
(°C/W)  
47  
90  
θ
(°C/W)  
JC  
8.5  
NA  
JA  
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the  
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.  
NOTES:  
1. All voltages are with respect to GND.  
2. θ is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See  
JA  
Tech Brief TB379.  
3. For θ , the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.  
JC  
Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted: VIN = 12V, PV  
shorted with V  
, T = 25°C  
CC5  
CC  
A
PARAMETER  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
VIN SUPPLY  
Input Voltage Range  
5.6  
12  
28  
V
VIN SUPPLY CURRENT  
Shutdown Current (Note 4)  
Operating Current (Notes 4, 5)  
VCC5 SUPPLY (Notes 5, 6)  
Input Voltage Range  
ENSS = GND  
-
-
1.4  
2.0  
-
mA  
mA  
3.0  
VIN = VCC5 for 5V configuration  
4.5  
4.5  
50  
5.0  
5.0  
-
5.5  
5.5  
-
V
V
Output Voltage  
VIN = 5.6V to 28V, I = 3mA to 50mA  
L
Maximum Output Current  
POWER-ON RESET  
VIN = 12V  
mA  
Rising V  
CC5  
Threshold  
VIN connected to VCC5, 5V input  
operation  
4.310  
4.400  
4.475  
V
Falling V  
CC5  
Threshold  
4.090  
0.16  
4.100  
-
4.250  
-
V
V
UVLO Threshold Hysteresis  
PWM CONVERTERS  
Min Output Voltage (Note 7)  
Max Output Voltage (Note 7)  
Maximum Duty Cycle  
-
-
0.6  
-
-
V
V
V
- 0.5  
IN  
96  
F = 300kHz  
F = 300kHz  
90  
-
-
%
%
nA  
%
Minimum Duty Cycle  
-
80  
-
0
-
FB Pin Bias Current  
-
Undervoltage Protection  
V
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
Fraction of the set point; ~1µs noise filter  
75  
85  
UV1  
Overvoltage Protection  
OSCILLATOR  
V
112  
-
120  
%
OVP1  
Free Running Frequency  
Total Variation  
RT = VCC5, T = -40°C to 85°C  
270  
-
300  
330  
-
kHz  
%
A
T = -40°C to 85°C, with frequency set by  
A
±10%  
external resistor at RT  
VIN = 12V  
Frequency Range (Set by RT)  
Ramp Amplitude (Note 7)  
100  
-
-
1400  
-
kHz  
V  
1.25  
V
P-P  
OSC  
FN9169.1  
October 13, 2005  
6
ISL6420A  
Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted: VIN = 12V, PV  
shorted with V  
, T = 25°C (Continued)  
CC5  
CC  
A
PARAMETER  
REFERENCE AND SOFT-START/ENABLE  
Internal Reference Voltage  
Reference Voltage Accuracy  
Soft-Start Current  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
V
-
-1.0  
-
0.600  
-
+1.0  
-
V
%
µA  
V
REF  
T
= -40°C to 85°C, VIN = 5.6V to 28V  
-
10  
-
A
I
SS  
Soft-Start Threshold  
V
1.0  
-
-
SOFT  
Enable Low (Converter disabled)  
PWM CONTROLLER GATE DRIVERS  
Gate Drive Peak Current  
Rise Time  
-
1.0  
V
-
-
-
-
0.7  
20  
20  
20  
-
-
-
-
A
Co = 1000pF  
Co = 1000pF  
ns  
ns  
ns  
Fall Time  
Dead Time Between Drivers  
ERROR AMPLIFIER  
DC Gain (Note 7)  
-
-
-
88  
15  
6
-
-
-
dB  
Gain-Bandwidth Product (Note 7)  
Slew Rate (Note 7)  
GBW  
SR  
MHz  
V/µs  
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION  
OCSET Current Source  
I
V
= 4.5V  
OCSET  
80  
-
100  
20  
120  
µA  
ms  
ms  
OCSET  
Dynamic Current Limit ON time  
Dynamic Current Limit OFF time  
POWER GOOD AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS  
Power-Good Lower Threshold  
Power-Good Higher Threshold  
PGOOD Leakage Current  
PGOOD Voltage Low  
T
Frequency = 300kHz  
Frequency = 300kHz  
-
-
OCON  
T
-
128  
OCOFF  
V
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
-14  
-10  
-8  
16  
1
%
%
PG-  
V
9
-
-
-
PG+  
I
V
= 5.5V  
µA  
V
PGLKG  
PULLUP  
= 4mA  
I
-
-
0.5  
-
PGOOD  
PGOOD Delay  
CDEL = 0.1µF  
-
125  
2
ms  
µA  
V
CDEL Current for PGOOD  
CDEL Threshold  
CDEL threshold = 2.5V  
-
-
-
2.5  
-
EXTERNAL REFERENCE  
MIn External Reference Input at  
GPIO1/REFIN.  
VMSET/MODE = H, C  
VMSET/MODE = H, C  
= 2.2µF  
= 2.2µF  
-
-
0.600  
-
-
V
V
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
Max External Reference Input at  
GPIO1/REFIN.  
1.250  
REFERENCE BUFFER  
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal Reference  
V
V
V
I
= 1mA,  
REFOUT  
0.583  
0.575  
1.227  
0.595  
0.587  
1.246  
0.607  
0.599  
1.265  
V
V
V
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
VMSET/MODE = High,  
C
= 2.2µF, T = -40°C to 85°C  
REFOUT  
A
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal Reference  
Buffered Output Voltage - External Reference  
I
= 20mA,  
REFOUT  
VMSET/MODE = High,  
C
= 2.2µF, T = -40°C to 85°C  
A
REFOUT  
V
= 1.25V, I  
= 1mA,  
REFIN  
REFOUT  
VMSET2/MODE = High,  
= 2.2µF  
C
REFOUT  
FN9169.1  
7
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted: VIN = 12V, PV  
shorted with V  
MIN  
, T = 25°C (Continued)  
CC5  
CC  
A
PARAMETER  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
Buffered Output Voltage - External Reference  
V
V
= 1.25V, I = 20mA,  
1.219  
1.238  
1.257  
V
REFOUT  
REFIN  
REFOUT  
VMSET2/MODE = High,  
C
= 2.2µF  
REFOUT  
Current Drive Capability  
VOLTAGE MARGINING  
Voltage Margining Range (Note 7)  
CDEL Current for Voltage Margining  
Slew Time  
C
= 2.2µF  
20  
-
-
mA  
REFOUT  
-10  
-
+10  
%
-
-
-
100  
2.5  
-
-
-
µA  
ms  
µA  
CDEL = 0.1µF, VMSET = 330kΩ  
ISET1 on FB Pin  
VMSET = 330K,  
GPIO1 = L  
GPIO2 = H  
7.48  
ISET2 on FB Pin  
VMSET = 330K,  
GPIO1 = H  
GPIO2 = L  
-
7.48  
-
µA  
THERMAL SHUTDOWN  
Shutdown Temperature (Note 7)  
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis (Note 7)  
NOTES:  
-
-
150  
20  
-
-
°C  
°C  
4. The operating supply current and shutdown current specifications for 5V input are the same as VIN supply current specifications, i.e., 5.6V to  
28V input conditions. These should also be tested with part configured for 5V input configuration, i.e., VIN = VCC5 = PVCC = 5V.  
5. This is the V  
current consumed when the device is active but not switching. Does not include gate drive current.  
CC  
6. When the input voltage is 5.6V to 28V at VIN pin, the VCC5 pin provides a 5V output capable of 50mA (max) total from the internal LDO. When  
the input voltage is 5V, VCC5 pin will be used as a 5V input, the internal LDO regulator is disabled and the VIN must be connected to the VCC5.  
In both cases the PVCC pin should always be connected to VCC5 pin. (Refer to the Pin Descriptions sections for more details.)  
7. Guaranteed by design. Not production tested.  
Typical Performance Curves  
0.604  
0.602  
0.600  
0.598  
0.596  
0.594  
320  
310  
300  
290  
280  
270  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
FIGURE 1. V  
vs TEMPERATURE  
FIGURE 2. V  
vs TEMPERATURE  
SW  
REF  
FN9169.1  
8
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)  
94.00  
92.00  
90.00  
88.00  
86.00  
84.00  
82.00  
80.00  
1.15  
1.05  
I
= 5A  
OUT  
0.95  
0.85  
0
5
10  
15  
(V)  
20  
25  
30  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
V
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
IN  
FIGURE 3. I  
vs TEMPERATURE  
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs V  
IN  
OCSET  
25°C, V = 28V, I = 1.367, I  
= 10A  
IN  
IN  
OUT  
FIGURE 5.  
FIGURE 6.  
98  
V
= 5V  
IN  
96  
94  
92  
90  
88  
86  
84  
82  
80  
V
= 12V  
IN  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT (V  
= 3.3V)  
OUT  
FN9169.1  
9
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Pin Descriptions  
1400  
1300  
1200  
1100  
1000  
900  
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
VIN - This pin powers the controller and must be decoupled  
to ground using a ceramic capacitor as close as possible to  
the VIN pin.  
TABLE 1. INPUT SUPPLY CONFIGURATION  
INPUT  
PIN CONFIGURATION  
5.6V to 28V  
Connect the input to the VIN pin. The VCC5  
pin will provide a 5V output from the internal  
LDO. Connect PVCC to VCC5.  
5V ±10%  
Connect the input to the VCC5 pin. Connect  
the PVCC and VIN pins to VCC5.  
0
25  
50  
75  
RT (k)  
100  
125  
150  
SGND - This pin provides the signal ground for the IC. Tie  
this pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance  
connection.  
FIGURE 8. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs RT  
PGND - This pin provides the power ground for the IC. Tie  
this pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance  
connection.  
LGATE - This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for  
the lower MOSFET.  
PHASE - This pin is the junction point of the output filter  
inductor, the upper MOSFET source and the lower MOSFET  
drain. This pin is used to monitor the voltage drop across the  
upper MOSFET for overcurrent protection. This pin also  
provides a return path for the upper gate drive.  
PVCC - This pin is the power connection for the gate drivers.  
Connect this pin to the VCC5 pin.  
VCC5 – This pin is the output of the internal 5V LDO.  
Connect a minimum of 4.7µF ceramic decoupling capacitor  
as close to the IC as possible at this pin. Refer to Table 1.  
UGATE - This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive  
for the upper MOSFET.  
ENSS - This pin provides enable/disable function and soft-  
start for the PWM output. The output drivers are turned off  
when this pin is held below 1V.  
BOOT - This pin powers the upper MOSFET driver. Connect  
this pin to the junction of the bootstrap capacitor and the  
cathode of the bootstrap diode. The anode of the bootstrap  
diode is connected to the VCC5 pin.  
OCSET - Connect a resistor (ROCSET) from this pin to the  
drain of the upper MOSFET. ROCSET, an internal 100µA  
current source (IOCS), and the upper MOSFET on  
FB - This pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider  
and provides the voltage feedback signal for the controller.  
This pin sets the output voltage of the converter.  
resistance r  
set the converter overcurrent (OC) trip  
point according to the following equation:  
DS(ON)  
I
R  
OCSET  
OCSSET  
(EQ. 1)  
COMP - This pin is the error amplifier output pin. It is used as  
the compensation point for the PWM error amplifier.  
I
= ------------------------------------------------------  
OC  
R
DS(ON)  
PGOOD - This pin provides a power good status. It is an  
open collector output used to indicate the status of the  
output voltage.  
An overcurrent trip cycles the soft-start function with an ON  
time of 20ms and an OFF time of 128ms.  
GPIO1/REFIN - This is a dual function pin. If VMSET/MODE  
is not connected to VCC5 then this pin serves as GPIO1.  
Refer to Table 2 for GPIO commands interpretation.  
RT - This is the oscillator frequency selection pin.  
Connecting this pin directly to VCC5 will select the oscillator  
free running frequency of 300kHz. By placing a resistor from  
this pin to GND, the oscillator frequency can be programmed  
from 100kHz to 1.4MHz. Figure 8 shows the oscillator  
frequency vs the RT resistance.  
If VMSET/MODE is connected to VCC5 then this pin will  
serve as REFIN. As REFIN, this pin is the non-inverting input  
to the error amplifier. Connect the desired reference voltage  
to this pin in the range of 0.6V to 1.25V.  
CDEL - The PGOOD signal can be delayed by a time  
proportional to a CDEL current of 2µA & the value of the  
capacitor connected between this pin and ground. A 0.1µF  
will typically provide 125ms delay. When in the Voltage  
margining mode the CDEL current is 100µA typical and  
provides the delay for the output voltage slew rate, 2.5ms  
typical for the 0.1µF capacitor.  
Connect this pin to VCC5 to use internal reference.  
REFOUT - If VMSET/MODE pin is connected to VCC5, then  
this pin serves as REFOUT. It provides buffered reference  
output for REFIN. Connect 2.2µF capacitor to this pin when  
used as REFOUT. If not used to source current, connect a  
1µF bypass capacitor to this pin.  
FN9169.1  
10  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
VMSET/MODE - This pin is a dual function pin. Tie this pin to  
TABLE 2. VOLTAGE MARGINING CONTROLLED BY GPIO1  
AND GPIO2  
VCC5 to disable voltage margining. When not tied to VCC5,  
this pin serves as VMSET. Connect a resistor from this pin to  
ground to set delta for voltage margining. If voltage  
margining and external reference tracking mode are not  
needed, this pin can be tied directly to ground.  
GPIO1  
GPIO2  
VOUT  
L
L
L
H
L
No Change  
+ Delta VOUT  
- Delta VOUT  
Ignored  
H
H
GPIO2 - This is general purpose IO pin for voltage  
margining. Refer to Table 2.  
H
TABLE 3. VOLTAGE MARGINING/DDR OR TRACKING SUPPLY PIN CONFIGURATION  
PIN CONFIGURATIONS  
FUNCTION/MODES  
VMSET/MODE  
REFOUT  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
COMMENTS  
Enable Voltage Margining  
Pin Connected Connect a 1µF  
Serves as a general  
Serves as a  
REFIN or REFOUT functions  
to GND with  
resistor. It is  
capacitor for  
purpose I/O. Refer to general purpose will not be available in this  
bypass of external Table 2  
used as VMSET. reference.  
I/O. Refer to  
Table 2  
mode. The internal 0.6V  
reference is used.  
No Voltage Margining. Normal  
Pin Connected Connect a 1µF  
L
L
operation using internal reference. to GND with  
capacitor for  
REFOUT not used.  
resistor. It is  
bypass of external  
used as VMSET reference.  
No Voltage Margining. Normal  
operation with internal reference.  
H
H
Connect a 2.2µF  
capacitor to GND.  
H
L
L
Buffered V  
REFOUT  
= 0.6V.  
No Voltage Margining. External  
reference. Buffered V  
Connect a 2.2µF Connect to an external  
capacitor to GND. reference voltage  
source (0.6V to 1.25V)  
=
REFOUT  
V
REFIN  
NOTES:  
1. The GPIO1/REFIN and GPIO2 pins cannot be left floating.  
2. Ensure that GPIO1/REFIN is tied high prior to the logic change at VMSET/MODE.  
Functional Description  
Initialization  
When the ENSS pin voltage reaches 1V typically, the  
internal 0.6V reference begins to charge following the dv/dt  
of the ENSS voltage. As the soft-start pin charges from 1V to  
1.6V, the reference voltage charges from 0V to 0.6V.  
Figure 9 shows a typical soft-start sequence.  
The ISL6420A automatically initializes upon receipt of  
power. The Power-On Reset (POR) function monitors the  
internal bias voltage generated from LDO output (VCC5) and  
the ENSS pin. The POR function initiates the soft-start  
operation after the VCC5 exceeds the POR threshold. The  
POR function inhibits operation with the chip disabled  
(ENSS pin <1V).  
V
= 28V, V  
= 3.3V, I  
= 10A  
OUT  
IN  
OUT  
The device can operate from an input supply voltage of 5.6V  
to 28V connected directly to the VIN pin using the internal 5V  
linear regulator to bias the chip and supply the gate drivers.  
For 5V ±10% applications, connect VIN to VCC5 to bypass  
the linear regulator.  
Soft-Start/Enable  
The ISL6420A soft-start function uses an internal current  
source and an external capacitor to reduce stresses and  
surge current during startup.  
When the output of the internal linear regulator reaches the  
POR threshold, the POR function initiates the soft-start  
sequence. An internal 10µA current source charges an  
external capacitor on the ENSS pin linearly from 0V to 3.3V.  
FIGURE 9. TYPICAL SOFT-START WAVEFORM  
FN9169.1  
October 13, 2005  
11  
ISL6420A  
Overcurrent Protection  
Voltage Margining  
The overcurrent function protects the converter from a  
The ISL6420A has a voltage margining mode that can be  
used for system testing. The voltage margining percentage  
is resistor selectable up to ±10%. The voltage margining  
mode can be enabled by connecting a margining set resistor  
from VMSET pin to ground and using the control pins  
GPIO1/2 to toggle between positive and negative margining  
(Refer to Table 2). With voltage margining enabled, the  
VMSET resistor to ground will set a current, which is  
switched to the FB pin. The current will be equal to 2.468V  
divided by the value of the external resistor tied to the  
VMSET pin.  
shorted output by using the upper MOSFET’s on-resistance,  
r
to monitor the current. This method enhances the  
DS(ON)  
converter’s efficiency and reduces cost by eliminating a  
current sensing resistor.  
The overcurrent function cycles the soft-start function in a  
hiccup mode with an ON time of 20ms and an OFF time of  
128ms to provide fault protection. On detecting an  
overcurrent condition, the IC waits for four soft-start cycles  
before the output drivers are turned ON again, this process  
is repeated till the overcurrent condition is removed. A  
resistor connected to the drain of the upper FET and the  
OCSET pin programs the overcurrent trip level. The PHASE  
node voltage will be compared against the voltage on the  
OCSET pin, while the upper FET is on. A current (100µA  
typically) is pulled from the OCSET pin to establish the  
OCSET voltage. If PHASE is lower than OCSET while the  
upper FET is on then an overcurrent condition is detected for  
that clock cycle. The upper gate pulse is immediately  
terminated, and a counter is incremented. If an overcurrent  
condition is detected for 8 consecutive clock cycles, and the  
circuit is not in soft-start, the ISL6420A enters into the soft-  
start hiccup mode. During hiccup, the external capacitor on  
the ENSS pin is discharged. After the cap is discharged, it is  
released and a soft-start cycle is initiated. During soft-start,  
pulse termination current limiting is enabled, but the 8-cycle  
hiccup counter is held in reset until soft-start is completed.  
2.468V  
VMSET  
I
= -----------------------  
(EQ. 2)  
VM  
R
R
FB  
-----------------------  
V  
= 2.468V  
(EQ. 3)  
VM  
R
VMSET  
The power supply output increases when GPIO2 is HIGH  
and decreases when GPIO1 is HIGH. The amount that the  
output voltage of the power supply changes with voltage  
margining, will be equal to 2.468V times the ratio of the  
external feedback resistor and the external resistor tied to  
VMSET. Figure 10 shows the positive and negative  
margining for a 3.3V output, using a 20.5kfeedback  
resistor and using various VMSET resistor values.  
3.7  
3.6  
3.5  
3.4  
3.3  
3.2  
3.1  
The overcurrent function will trip at a peak inductor current  
(I ) determined from Equation 1, where I  
is the  
OC  
OCSET  
internal OCSET current source.  
The OC trip point varies mainly due to the upper MOSFETs  
variations. To avoid overcurrent tripping in the  
r
DS(ON)  
normal operating load range, find the R  
the equation above with:  
resistor from  
OCSET  
3.0  
2.9  
1. The maximum r  
temperature.  
at the highest junction  
DS(ON)  
2.8  
150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400  
2. Determine I  
for I  
> I  
+ (∆I) ⁄ 2 ,  
OUT(MAX)  
OC  
where I is tOhCe output inductor ripple current.  
RVMSET (k)  
FIGURE 10. VOLTAGE MARGINING vs VMSET RESISTANCE  
A small ceramic capacitor should be placed in parallel with  
R
to smooth the voltage across R  
in the  
OCSET  
OCSET  
presence of switching noise on the input voltage.  
FN9169.1  
12  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
20mA and sinking up to 50µA current with a 2.2µF capacitor  
connected to the REFOUT pin.  
V
IN  
= 12V, V = 3.3V, NO LOAD  
OUT  
If VMSET/MODE pin is tied to high but GPIO1/REFIN is  
connected to an external voltage source between 0.6V to  
1.25V, then this external voltage is used as the reference  
voltage at the positive input of the error amplifier. The  
buffered reference output on REFOUT will be Vrefin ±0.01V,  
capable of sourcing 20mA and sinking up to 50µA current  
with a 2.2µF capacitor on the REFOUT pin.  
Power Good  
The PGOOD pin can be used to monitor the status of the  
output voltage. PGOOD will be true (open drain) when the  
FB pin is within ±10% of the reference and the ENSS pin has  
completed its soft-start ramp.  
FIGURE 11A.  
Additionally, a capacitor on the CDEL pin will set a delay for  
the PGOOD signal. After the ENSS pin completes its soft-  
start ramp, a 2µA current begins charging the CDEL  
capacitor to 2.5V. The capacitor will be quickly discharged  
before PGOOD goes high. The programmable delay can be  
used to sequence multiple converters or as a LOW-true  
reset signal.  
V
IN  
= 12V, V  
= 3.3V, NO LOAD  
OUT  
V
= 12V, V  
OUT  
= 3.3V, I = 10A  
OUT  
IN  
FIGURE 11B.  
The slew time of the current is set by an external capacitor  
on the CDEL pin, which is charged and discharged with a  
100µA current source. The change in voltage on the  
capacitor is 2.5V. This same capacitor is used to set the  
PGOOD active delay after soft-start. When PGOOD is low,  
the internal PGOOD circuitry uses the capacitor and when  
PGOOD is high, the voltage margining circuit uses the  
capacitor. The slew time for voltage margining can be in the  
range of 300µs to 2ms.  
FIGURE 12. PGOOD DELAY  
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds ±10% of the reference,  
then PGOOD will go low after 1µs of noise filtering.  
Over-Temperature Protection  
External Reference/DDR Supply  
The IC is protected against over-temperature conditions.  
When the junction temperature exceeds 150°C, the PWM  
shuts off. Normal operation is resumed when the junction  
temperature is cooled down to 130°C.  
The voltage margining can be disabled by connecting the  
VMSET/MODE to VCC5. In this mode the chip can be  
configured to work with an external reference input and  
provide a buffered reference output.  
If VMSET/MODE pin and the GPIO1/REFIN pin are both tied  
to VCC5, then the internal 0.6V reference is used as the  
error amplifier non-inverting input. The buffered reference  
output on REFOUT will be 0.6V ±0.01V, capable of sourcing  
Shutdown  
When ENSS pin is below 1V, the regulator is disabled with  
the PWM output drivers three-stated. When disabled, the IC  
power will be reduced.  
FN9169.1  
13  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Undervoltage  
V
= 12V, V = 3.3V at 25mA LOAD  
OUT  
IN  
If the voltage on the FB pin is less than 15% of the reference  
voltage for 8 consecutive PWM cycles, then the circuit enters  
into soft-start hiccup mode. This mode is identical to the  
overcurrent hiccup mode.  
Overvoltage Protection  
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds the reference voltage by  
15%, the lower gate driver is turned on continuously to  
discharge the output voltage. If the overvoltage condition  
continues for 32 consecutive PWM cycles, then the chip is  
turned off with the gate drivers three-stated. The voltage on  
the FB pin will fall and reach the 15% undervoltage  
threshold. After 8 clock cycles, the chip will enter soft-start  
hiccup mode. This mode is identical to the overcurrent  
hiccup mode.  
FIGURE 13. PREBIASED OUTPUT AT 25mA LOAD  
Gate Control Logic  
The gate control logic translates generated PWM control  
signals into the MOSFET gate drive signals providing  
necessary amplification, level shifting and shoot-through  
protection. Also, it has functions that help optimize the IC  
performance over a wide range of operational conditions.  
Application Guidelines  
Layout Considerations  
As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is very  
important. Switching current from one power device to  
another can generate voltage transients across the  
impedances of the interconnecting bond wires and circuit  
traces. These interconnecting impedances should be  
minimized by using wide, short printed circuit traces. The  
critical components should be located as close together as  
possible using ground plane construction or single point  
grounding.  
Since MOSFET switching time can vary dramatically from  
type to type and with the input voltage, the gate control logic  
provides adaptive dead time by monitoring the gate-to-  
source voltages of both upper and lower MOSFETs. The  
lower MOSFET is not turned on until the gate-to-source  
voltage of the upper MOSFET has decreased to less than  
approximately 1V. Similarly, the upper MOSFET is not turned  
on until the gate-to-source voltage of the lower MOSFET has  
decreased to less than approximately 1V. This allows a wide  
variety of upper and lower MOSFETs to be used without a  
concern for simultaneous conduction, or shoot-through.  
V
IN  
ISL6420A  
Startup into Pre-Biased Load  
The ISL6420A is designed to power up into a pre-biased  
load. This is achieved by transitioning from Diode Emulation  
mode to a Forced Continuous Conduction mode during  
startup. The lower gate turns ON for a short period of time  
and the voltage on the phase pin is sensed. When this goes  
negative the lower gate is turned OFF and remains OFF till  
the next cycle. As a result the inductor current will not go  
negative during soft-start and thus will not discharge the pre-  
biased load. The waveform for this condition is shown below.  
UGATE  
PHASE  
Q1  
Q2  
L
O
V
OUT  
C
IN  
C
D2  
O
LGATE  
GND  
RETURN  
FIGURE 14. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND  
GROUND PLANES OR ISLANDS  
FN9169.1  
October 13, 2005  
14  
ISL6420A  
Figure 14 shows the critical power components of the  
converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the  
Feedback Compensation  
Figure 16 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a  
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage  
(Vout) is regulated to the Reference voltage level. The error  
interconnecting wires indicated by heavy lines should be part  
of ground or power plane in a printed circuit board. The  
components shown in Figure 14 should be located as close  
amplifier (Error Amp) output (V ) is compared with the  
E/A  
together as possible. Please note that the capacitors C  
IN  
oscillator (OSC) triangular wave to provide a pulse-width  
and C each represent numerous physical capacitors.  
O
modulated (PWM) wave with an amplitude of V at the  
IN  
Locate the ISL6420A within 3 inches of the MOSFETs, Q1  
and Q2. The circuit traces for the MOSFETs’ gate and  
source connections from the ISL6420A must be sized to  
handle up to 2A peak current.  
PHASE node. The PWM wave is smoothed by the output filter  
(L and C ).  
O
O
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer  
function of Vout/V . This function is dominated by a DC  
E/A  
Gain and the output filter (L and C ), with a double pole  
Figure 15 shows the circuit traces that require additional  
layout consideration. Use single point and ground plane  
construction for the circuits shown. Minimize any leakage  
O
O
break frequency at F and a zero at F  
LC  
. The DC Gain of  
ESR  
the modulator is simply the input voltage (V ) divided by the  
IN  
current paths on the SS PIN and locate the capacitor, C  
ss  
peak-to-peak oscillator voltage DV  
.
OSC  
close to the SS pin because the internal current source is  
only 30µA. Provide local V decoupling between VCC and  
CC  
V
IN  
GND pins. Locate the capacitor, C  
to the BOOT and PHASE pins.  
as close as practical  
OSC  
BOOT  
DRIVER  
PWM  
L
O
COMPARATOR  
V
OUT  
-
DRIVER  
+V  
Q1  
PHASE  
IN  
+
V  
OSC  
BOOT  
D1  
C
O
C
L
O
BOOT  
PHASE  
+5V  
ESR  
(PARASITIC)  
V
OUT  
ISL6420A  
Z
FB  
SS/EN  
V
E/A  
C
Q2  
O
Z
-
IN  
+
VCC  
REFERENCE  
ERROR  
AMP  
C
VCC  
C
SS  
GND  
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS  
FIGURE 15. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SMALL SIGNAL  
LAYOUT GUIDELINES  
Z
FB  
V
OUT  
C2  
Z
IN  
C1  
C3  
R3  
R2  
R1  
COMP  
FB  
-
+
ISL6420A  
REF  
FIGURE 16. VOLTAGE - MODE BUCK CONVERTER  
COMPENSATION DESIGN  
FN9169.1  
October 13, 2005  
15  
ISL6420A  
Modulator Break Frequency Equations  
100  
F
F
P1  
F
F
Z2  
Z1  
P2  
1
F
= --------------------------------------  
(EQ. 4)  
(EQ. 5)  
LC  
80  
60  
40  
20  
0
2π •  
L
C  
O
O
OPEN LOOP  
ERROR AMP GAIN  
1
F
= --------------------------------------------  
ESR  
2π • (ESR C  
)
20LOG  
(R2/R1)  
O
20LOG  
IN  
(V /V  
)
OSC  
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier  
(internal to the ISL6420A) and the impedance networks Z  
and Z . The goal of the compensation network is to provide  
FB  
a closed loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing  
COMPENSATION  
GAIN  
IN  
MODULATOR  
GAIN  
-20  
-40  
-60  
CLOSED LOOP  
GAIN  
F
LC  
frequency (f  
) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin  
F
0dB  
ESR  
is the difference between the closed loop phase at f  
180°. The equations below relate the compensation  
and  
0dB  
10  
100  
1K  
10K  
100K  
1M  
10M  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
network’s poles, zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2,  
R3, C1, C2, and C3) in Figure 16. Use these guidelines for  
locating the poles and zeros of the compensation network:  
FIGURE 17. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN  
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks  
Z
and Z to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall  
FB  
IN  
Compensation Break Frequency Equations  
loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with  
-20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45°.  
Include worst case component variations when determining  
phase margin.  
1
F
= ----------------------------------  
(EQ. 6)  
(EQ. 7)  
Z1  
2π • R2 C1  
1
F
= ------------------------------------------------------  
2π • R2 •  
P1  
C1 C2  
Component Selection Guidelines  
----------------------  
C1 + C2  
Output Capacitor Selection  
1
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and supply  
the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a  
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current.  
The load transient requirements are a function of the slew  
rate (di/dt) and the magnitude of the transient load current.  
These requirements are generally met with a mix of  
capacitors and careful layout.  
F
F
= -----------------------------------------------------  
(EQ. 8)  
(EQ. 9)  
Z2  
P2  
2π • (R1 + R3) • C3  
1
----------------------------------  
=
2π • R3 C3  
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth  
ST  
Modern microprocessors produce transient load rates above  
1A/ns. High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient  
and slow the current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors.  
The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by  
the ESR (effective series resistance) and voltage rating  
requirements rather than actual capacitance requirements.  
2. Place 1 Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole  
(~75% F  
)
LC  
ND  
3. Place 2  
Zero at Filter’s Double Pole  
ST  
4. Place 1 Pole at the ESR Zero  
ND  
5. Place 2  
Pole at Half the Switching Frequency  
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain  
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary  
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as  
close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be  
careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that  
could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance  
components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load on  
specific decoupling requirements. For example, Intel  
recommends that the high frequency decoupling for the  
Pentium Pro be composed of at least forty (40) 1.0µF  
ceramic capacitors in the 1206 surface-mount package.  
Figure 17 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC  
converter’s gain vs. frequency. The actual Modulator Gain  
has a high gain peak due to the high Q factor of the output  
filter and is not shown in Figure 17. Using the above  
guidelines should give a Compensation Gain similar to the  
curve plotted. The open loop error amplifier gain bounds the  
compensation gain. Check the compensation gain at F  
P2  
with the capabilities of the error amplifier. The Closed Loop  
Gain is constructed on the log-log graph of Figure 17 by  
adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the Compensation Gain  
(in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying the modulator  
transfer function to the compensation transfer function and  
plotting the gain.  
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for  
switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors.  
The bulk capacitor’s ESR will determine the output ripple  
voltage and the initial voltage drop after a high slew-rate  
transient. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor's ESR value is  
related to the case size with lower ESR available in larger  
FN9169.1  
16  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
case sizes. However, the equivalent series inductance (ESL)  
Input Capacitor Selection  
of these capacitors increases with case size and can reduce  
the usefulness of the capacitor to high slew-rate transient  
loading. Unfortunately, ESL is not a specified parameter.  
Work with your capacitor supplier and measure the  
capacitor’s impedance with frequency to select a suitable  
component. In most cases, multiple electrolytic capacitors of  
small case size perform better than a single large case  
capacitor.  
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage  
overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small ceramic  
capacitors for high frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors  
to supply the current needed each time Q1 turns on. Place the  
small ceramic capacitors physically close to the MOSFETs  
and between the drain of Q1 and the source of Q2.  
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor are the  
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable  
operation, select the bulk capacitor with voltage and current  
ratings above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS  
current required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating  
should be at least 1.25 times greater than the maximum  
input voltage and a voltage rating of 1.5 times is a  
conservative guideline. The RMS current rating requirement  
for the input capacitor of a buck regulator is approximately  
1/2 the DC load current. A more specific equation for  
determining the input ripple is the following,  
Output Inductor Selection  
The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage  
ripple requirements and minimize the converter’s response  
time to the load transients. The inductor value determines  
the converter’s ripple current and the ripple voltage is a  
function of the ripple current and the output capacitors ESR.  
The ripple voltage and current are approximated by the  
following equations:  
V
- V  
Fs x L  
V
V
IN  
IN  
OUT OUT  
------------------------------- ---------------  
I =  
(EQ. 10)  
(EQ. 11)  
L
2
I
= I  
(D D )  
(EQ. 14)  
RMS  
MAX  
V  
= I ESR  
OUT  
L
For a through hole design, several electrolytic capacitors  
(Panasonic HFQ series or Nichicon PL series or Sanyo  
MV-GX or equivalent) may be needed. For surface mount  
designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but caution  
must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge current  
rating. These capacitors must be capable of handling the  
surge-current at power-up. The TPS series available from  
AVX, and the 593D series from Sprague are both surge  
current tested.  
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current  
and voltage. However, larger inductance values reduce the  
converter’s response time to a load transient.  
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to a  
load transient is the time required to change the inductor  
current. Given a sufficiently fast control loop design, the  
ISL6420A will provide either 0% or 100% duty cycle in  
response to a load transient. The response time is the time  
required to slew the inductor current from an initial current  
value to the transient current level. During this interval the  
difference between the inductor current and the transient  
current level must be supplied by the output capacitor.  
Minimizing the response time can minimize the output  
capacitance required.  
MOSFET Selection/Considerations  
The ISL6420A requires 2 N-Channel power MOSFETs.  
These should be selected based upon r  
, gate supply  
DS(ON)  
requirements, and thermal management requirements.  
In high-current applications, the MOSFET power dissipation,  
package selection and heatsink are the dominant design  
factors. The power dissipation includes two loss  
components; conduction loss and switching loss.  
The conduction losses are the largest component of power  
dissipation for both the upper and the lower MOSFETs.  
These losses are distributed between the two MOSFETs  
according to duty factor (see the equations below). Only the  
upper MOSFET has switching losses, since the Schottky  
rectifier clamps the switching node before the synchronous  
rectifier turns on.  
The response time to a transient is different for the  
application of load and the removal of load. The following  
equations give the approximate response time interval for  
application and removal of a transient load:  
L
V
× I  
O
TRAN  
t
= -------------------------------  
(EQ. 12)  
RISE  
V  
OUT  
IN  
L
× I  
O
TRAN  
t
= ------------------------------  
(EQ. 13)  
is the  
FALL  
V
OUT  
where: I  
is the transient load current step, t  
RISE  
2
1
TRAN  
response time to the application of load, and t  
--  
P
= I R  
D +  
I
V t f  
IN sw sw  
(EQ. 15)  
UFET  
O
DS(ON)  
O
2
is the  
FALL  
response time to the removal of load. With a +5V input  
source, the worst case response time can be either at the  
application or removal of load and dependent upon the  
output voltage setting. Be sure to check both of these  
equations at the minimum and maximum output levels for  
the worst case response time.  
2
P
= I R  
⋅ (1 D)  
(EQ. 16)  
LFET  
O
DS(ON)  
Where D is the duty cycle = Vo/Vin, t  
interval, and f  
SW  
is the switching  
is the switching frequency.  
SW  
FN9169.1  
17  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
These equations assume linear voltage-current transitions  
and do not adequately model power loss due the reverse-  
recovery of the lower MOSFET’s body diode. The  
gate-charge losses are dissipated by the ISL6420A and  
don't heat the MOSFETs. However, large gate-charge  
increases the switching interval, t  
which increases the  
SW  
upper MOSFET switching losses. Ensure that both  
MOSFETs are within their maximum junction temperature at  
high ambient temperature by calculating the temperature  
rise according to package thermal-resistance specifications.  
A separate heatsink may be necessary depending upon  
MOSFET power, package type, ambient temperature and air  
flow.  
Schottky Selection  
Rectifier D2 is a clamp that catches the negative inductor  
swing during the dead time between turning off the lower  
MOSFET and turning on the upper MOSFET. The diode must  
be a Schottky type to prevent the parasitic MOSFET body  
diode from conducting. It is acceptable to omit the diode and  
let the body diode of the lower MOSFET clamp the negative  
inductor swing, but efficiency will drop one or two percent as a  
result. The diode's rated reverse breakdown voltage must be  
greater than the maximum input voltage.  
FN9169.1  
18  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Quad Flat No-Lead Plas tic Package (QFN)  
Micro Lead Frame Plas tic Package (MLFP)  
L20.4x4  
20 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE  
(COMPLIANT TO JEDEC MO-220VGGD-1 ISSUE I)  
MILLIMETERS  
SYMBOL  
MIN  
NOMINAL  
MAX  
1.00  
0.05  
1.00  
NOTES  
A
A1  
A2  
A3  
b
0.80  
0.90  
-
-
-
0.02  
-
0.65  
9
0.20 REF  
9
0.18  
1.95  
1.95  
0.25  
0.30  
2.25  
2.25  
5, 8  
D
4.00 BSC  
-
D1  
D2  
E
3.75 BSC  
9
2.10  
7, 8  
4.00 BSC  
-
E1  
E2  
e
3.75 BSC  
9
2.10  
7, 8  
0.50 BSC  
-
k
0.20  
0.35  
-
0.60  
20  
5
-
-
L
0.75  
8
N
2
Nd  
Ne  
P
3
5
3
-
-
-
0.60  
12  
9
θ
-
9
Rev. 2 11/04  
NOTES:  
1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5-1994.  
2. N is the number of terminals.  
3. Nd and Ne refer to the number of terminals on each D and E.  
4. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees.  
5. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured  
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.  
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be  
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be  
either a mold or mark feature.  
7. Dimensions D2 and E2 are for the exposed pads which provide  
improved electrical and thermal performance.  
8. Nominal dimensionsare provided toassistwith PCBLandPattern  
Design efforts, see Intersil Technical Brief TB389.  
9. Features and dimensions A2, A3, D1, E1, P & θ are present when  
Anvil singulation method is used and not present for saw  
singulation.  
FN9169.1  
19  
October 13, 2005  
ISL6420A  
Shrink Small Outline Plastic Packages (SSOP)  
Quarter Size Outline Plastic Packages (QSOP)  
M20.15  
N
20 LEAD SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE  
(0.150” WIDE BODY)  
INDEX  
0.25(0.010)  
M
B M  
H
AREA  
E
GAUGE  
PLANE  
INCHES  
MIN  
0.053  
0.004  
-
MILLIMETERS  
-B-  
SYMBOL  
MAX  
0.069  
0.010  
0.061  
0.012  
0.010  
0.344  
0.157  
MIN  
1.35  
0.10  
-
MAX  
1.75  
0.25  
1.54  
0.30  
0.25  
8.74  
3.98  
NOTES  
A
A1  
A2  
B
-
1
2
3
-
L
0.25  
0.010  
SEATING PLANE  
A
-
-A-  
0.008  
0.007  
0.337  
0.150  
0.20  
0.18  
8.56  
3.81  
9
D
h x 45°  
C
D
E
-
-C-  
3
α
4
A2  
e
A1  
C
e
0.025 BSC  
0.635 BSC  
-
B
0.10(0.004)  
H
h
0.228  
0.0099  
0.016  
0.244  
0.0196  
0.050  
5.80  
0.26  
0.41  
6.19  
0.49  
1.27  
-
0.17(0.007) M  
C
A M B S  
5
NOTES:  
L
6
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of  
N
α
20  
20  
7
Publication Number 95.  
0°  
8°  
0°  
8°  
-
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.  
Rev. 1 6/04  
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.  
Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm  
(0.006 inch) per side.  
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Inter-  
lead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per  
side.  
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index  
feature must be located within the crosshatched area.  
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.  
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.  
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.  
9. Dimension “B” does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dam-  
bar protrusion shall be 0.10mm (0.004 inch) total in excess of “B” di-  
mension at maximum material condition.  
10. Controlling dimension: INCHES. Converted millimeter dimensions  
are not necessarily exact.  
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.  
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality  
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without  
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and  
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result  
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.  
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com  
FN9169.1  
20  
October 13, 2005  

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