B45196-E1226-J0309_技术文档

Contents

Overview of Types

5

9

Chip Capacitors

11

43

61

General Technical Information

Quality Assurance

Measuring and Test Conditions

Soldering Conditions

75

76

Taping, Packing and Weights

83

Subject Index

Symbols and Terms

86

88

Tantalum Electrolytic

Capacitors

Contents

Overview of Types

9

Chip Capacitors

11

General technical information

1

2

3

Basic construction

Polarity

43

44

Standards

4

Voltages

Rated voltage

Maximum continuous voltage

Operating voltage

Surge voltage

Polarity reversal voltage (incorrect polarity)

Series back-to-back connection

Inherent voltage

45

46

47

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

Recharging

5

Capacitance

Rated capacitance

Capacitance tolerance

Temperature dependence of the capacitance

Frequency dependence of the capacitance

Charge-discharge proof

48

49

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

6

Impedance / Equivalent series resistance (ESR)

50

7

7.1

7.2

AC power dissipation

Superimposed alternating voltage for capacitors with solid electrolyte

Maximum permissible ripple current and alternating voltage loads

52

8

Dissipation factor

54

9

Leakage current

55

56

57

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

Temperature and voltage dependence of the leakage current

Time dependence of the leakage current

Leakage current measurement

Leakage current behavior after storage without applied voltage

10

Resistance to climatic stress

Temperature range

Minimum permissible operating temperature T

Maximum permissible operating temperatureT

Damp heat conditions

57

58

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

(Lower category temperature)

(Upper category temperature)

min

max

IEC climatic category

Storage and transportation temperatures

11

11.1

Notes on mounting

Cleaning agents

58

Siemens Matsushita Components

5

Contents

12

13

14

15

Standard barcode label

Packing

58

59

60

End of use and disposal

Structure of the ordering code (part number)

Quality Assurance

61

1

1.1

1.2

General

61

62

63

Total quality management and zero defect concept

Quality assurance system

2

Quality assurance procedure

Material procurement

Product quality assurance

Final inspection

Product monitoring

64

65

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

Manufacturing and quality assurance procedures for chip capacitors

3

Delivery quality

Random sampling

Classification of inoperatives / non-conformancies

AQL figures

Incoming goods inspection

66

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

4

4.1

Service life

Failure criteria

67

68

5

Reliability

Failure rate (long-term failure rate)

Failure rate values

Failure rate conversion factors

Effect of the circuit resistance (series resistance) on the failure rate

Example of how to calculate the failure rate

Failure rate for B 45 194

68

69

70

71

72

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

6

7

Supplementary information

73

74

Handling of claims and complaints

Measuring and Test Conditions

75

1

2

Test conditions selected from IEC 60-384-1

Tests with more stringent conditions for B 45 196-P

Soldering Conditions

76

77

78

80

1

2

3

4

Tests

Recommended solder pad layouts

Recommended soldering temperature profiles

Recommended soldering temperature profiles for B 45 194

6

Siemens Matsushita Components

Contents

Taping, Packing and Weights

83

84

1

2

3

Taping

Packing

Packing units and weights

Subject Index

86

88

Symbols and Terms

Siemens Matsushita Components

7

Overview of Types

Type

Series

Rated

Features

Page

voltageV_R

Vdc

capacitance C_R

µF

Chip capacitors

B 45 194

11

16

4,3 … 20

0,10 …

3,3 Ultra-small design

Case size Z =ˆ 0805

Case size P =ˆ 1206

B 45 196-E 4,3 … 50

B 45 198-E

0,10 … 100

0,15 … 470

0,10 … 150

Standard version

IECQ/CECC-approved

24

27

31

B 45 196-H 4,3 … 50

B 45 198-H

“HighCap”

Very high volumetric efficiency

B 45 196-P 4,3 … 50

B 45 198-P

“Performance”

Extremely high reliability,

IECQ/CECC-approved

(150 °C version)

B 45 197

6,3 … 50

3,3 … 330

“SpeedPower”

35

B 45 198-R

Low ESR, for power

supplies with very high clock

frequencies

Siemens Matsushita Components

9

Chip Capacitors

Page

B 45 194

General specifications

Overview of available types

Technical data and ordering codes

Characteristic curves

12

15

16

17

B 45 196, B 45 197, B 45 198

General specifications

Overview of available types

Technical data and ordering codes

Characteristic curves

18

22

24

37

Siemens Matsushita Components

11

Chip Capacitors

B 45 194

Construction

● Polar tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte

● Flame-retardant plastic case (UL 94 V-0)

● Tinned terminals

Features

● Ultra-small design

Case size Z =ˆ 0805 and P =ˆ 1206 (low profile)

● High volumetric efficiency

● Excellent solderability

● Stable temperature and frequency characteristics

● Low leakage current, low dissipation factor

● Low self-inductance

● High resistance to shock and vibration

● Suitable for use without series resistor

Applications

● Telecommunications (e.g. pagers, handies)

● Data processing (e.g. PCMA cards)

● Medical engineering (e.g. hearing aids)

Soldering

Suitable for reflow soldering (IR and vapor phase) and wave soldering

Delivery mode

Taped and reeled in accordance with IEC 286-3

Ordering code structure

B45194-A1225-M109

Reel diameter

9 = 180 mm

Passive component

Tantalum capacitor

Case size

80 = Z, 10 = P

Capacitance tolerance

M = ± 20 %

Rated capacitance

First two digits = significant figures

Third digit = exponent

Series

Voltage

Code 0 is omitted

12

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 194

Specifications and characteristics in brief

Series

B 45 194

Page 15

Overview of

available types

Rated voltage V 4 … 20 Vdc

R

(up to 85 ˚C)

Rated

0,10 … 3,3 µF

capacitance C

R

Tolerance

± 20 %

Failure rate

Refer to page 72

Leakage current ≤ 0,5 µA

(V , 2 min, 20 ˚C)

R

IEC climatic

category

in accordance with IEC 68-1

55/125/56 (−55/+125 ˚C; 56 days damp heat test)

For types B 45 196-P, individual tests are carried out under more extreme conditions,

supplementary to the tests specified by CECC.

Examples:

Damp heat

85 (+2) ˚C, 85 … 90% relative humidity

Rapid temperature change

Surge voltage

Impulse test

100 cycles, – 55˚C/+ 125 ˚C, 30 min.

4

10 charge cycles

6

10 cycles

Types B 45 196-P can be operated at temperatures up to 150 ˚C.

Details for this operating condition must be agreed upon between supplier and customer.

Siemens Matsushita Components

19

B 45 196, B 45 197

B 45 198

Dimensional drawing

Positive pole marking

Encapsulation: molded epoxy resin

NiFe; surface Sn60/Pb40 or

Sn90/Pb10 or

➀

➁

Marking

gold-plated

Reduced slot length for case size A

➂

Positive pole marking

Case size Dimensions in mm (inches)

L

W

H

L typ.

W ± 0,1

H typ.

p ± 0,3

±(,012)

2

±(,004)

A

B

C

D

E

3,2 ± 0,2

1,6 ± 0,2

3,0

1,2

(,047)

1,0

(,039)

0,8

(,031)

(,126±,008) (,063±,008) (,063±,008) (,118)

3,5 ± 0,2 2,8 ± 0,2 1,9 ± 0,2 3,3

(,138±,008) (,110±,008) (,075±,008) (,130)

6,0 ± 0,3 3,2 ± 0,3 2,5 ± 0,3 5,8

(,236±,012) (,126±,012) (,098±,012) (,228)

7,3 ± 0,3 4,3 ± 0,3 2,8 ± 0,3 7,1

(,287±,012) (,169±,012) (,110±,012) (,280)

7,3 ± 0,3 4,3 ± 0,3 4,1 ± 0,3 7,1

(,287±,012) (,169±,012) (,157±,012) (,280)

2,2

(,087)

1,2

(,047)

0,8

(,031)

2,2

(,087)

1,5

(,059)

1,3

(,051)

2,4

(,094)

1,6

(,062)

1,3

(,051)

2,4

(,094)

1,6

(,062)

1,3

(,051)

20

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196, B 45 197

B 45 198

Marking

Case size A

Case size B

Positive

pole (bar)

Manufacturer’s

logo

Positive

pole (bar)

Manufacturer’s

logo

Rated voltage, (not

coded) V_R= 6,3 V

is abbreviated as 6.

Capacitance

(in coded form)

Rated voltage

(in coded form)

Capacitance

(in coded form)

Positive

pole (bar)

Manufacturer’s

logo

Internal code for

production equipment

Date code

Capacitance

(in coded form)

Rated voltage, (not

coded) V_R= 6,3 V

is abbreviated as 6.

Case sizes C, D, E

Voltage coding for case size A

Rated voltage

Code letter

4

6,3 10 16 20 25 35 50

G J

A

C

D

E

V

T

Capacitance coding

1st and 2nd digit

3rd digit

Capacitance in pF

4

Multiplier: 4 = 10 pF

5

5 = 10 pF

6

6 = 10 pF

7

7 = 10 pF

Date coding

Year

Month

1 = January

H = 1996

7 = July

In addition to the year and month of manufac-

ture, the stamp includes another two figures

which internally allow us an assignment to

concrete production equipment. Stamping of

chips in case sizes A and B with date code is

currently not possible for reasons of space.

J = 1997

K = 1998

L = 1999

M = 2000

2 = February

3 = March

4 = April

8 = August

9 = September

O = October

N = November

D = December

5 = May

6 = June

Siemens Matsushita Components

21

B 45 196, B 45 197

B 45 198

Overview of available types

Series

B 45 196-E, tinned terminals

B 45 198-E, gold-plated terminals¹⁾

Standard

B 45 196-H, tinned terminals

B 45 198-H, gold-plated terminals¹⁾

HighCap²⁾

Page

24

27

V_R(Vdc)

up to 85 °C

C_R(µF)

4

6,3 10 16 20 25 35 50

4

6,3 10 16 20 25 35 50

0,10

0,15

0,22

0,33

0,47

0,68

1,0

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

A

1,5

A

B

C

D

A

2,2

A

B

C

A

3,3

A

B

C

A

B

C

4,7

A

B

C

A

B A

B

C

6,8

B

C

A

B A

B

E

10

B

C

A

A B

B

C B

C

15

D

A B

B

C B

C

D

E

22

D

B A

B

B C

C

D

E D

E

33

D

B C

C

D

47

D

B C B C

C

D

D E

E

68

D

C

D

E

C

C D

D

D C

D

100

150

220

330

D E

E

D E

D E E D

E D

E

470

E

Features

Standard version with IECQ

and CECC approval.

Particularly high

volumetric efficiency.

Upon request

1) Gold-plated terminals available for case sizes B, C, D, E (A upon request), currently without CECC approval

2) Additional ratings upon request

22

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196, B 45 197

B 45 198

Overview of available types

Series

B 45 196-P , tinned terminals

B 45 197-A, tinned terminals

1)

B 45 198-P, gold-plated terminals

B 45 198-R, gold-plated terminals

2)

Performance

SpeedPower (Low ESR)

Page

31

35

V

(Vdc)

4

6,3 10 16 20 25 35 50 6,3 10

16

20

25

35

50

R

up to 85 °C

C

(µF)

R

0,10

0,15

0,22

0,33

0,47

0,68

1,0

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

1,5

A

B

2,2

A

B

3,3

A

B

C

4,7

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

6,8

B

C

D E

E

10

B

B C

C

C D

D

C

15

22

C

D

D E

E

C

C D

D

C

D

D E

E

33

C

D

E

47

C D

D

68

D

E

100

150

220

D

D E

E

330

E

Features

Outstanding reliability,

Low ESR,

e. g. for automotive electronics and

medical applications,

IECQ and CECC approval.

for switch-mode power supplies with

very high clock frequencies (e. g.

telecom applications).

1) Gold-plated terminals available for case sizes B, C, D, E (A upon request), currently without CECC approval

2) Additional ratings upon request

Siemens Matsushita Components

23

B 45 196-E

Technical data and ordering codes

For characteristic curves see page 37/38 ff

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

3,3

4,7

10

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

4

(2,5)

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

0,06

0,08

0,06

0,04

0,06

0,5

0,6

0,9

1,3

2,7

4,0

0,5

0,6

1,0

1,4

3,0

4,3

0,5

0,7

1,0

1,5

3,3

4,7

0,5

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,6

3,6

5,3

9,0

B45196-E335-+10

B45196-E475-+10

B45196-E106-+20

B45196-E156-+20

B45196-E226-+30

B45196-E336-+30

B45196-E686-+40

B45196-E107-+40

*

7,0

4,5

3,5

2,4

2,0

1,1

0,8

15

22

33

68

100

6,3

(4)

2,2

10

B45196-E1225-+10

B45196-E1335-+10

B45196-E1685-+20

B45196-E1106-+20

B45196-E1156-+30

B45196-E1226-+30

B45196-E1476-+40

B45196-E1686-+40

B45196-E2155-+10

B45196-E2225-+10

B45196-E2475-+20

B45196-E2685-+20

B45196-E2106-+30

B45196-E2156-+30

B45196-E2336-+40

B45196-E2476-+40

B45196-E3105-+10

B45196-E3155-+10

B45196-E3335-+20

B45196-E3475-+20

B45196-E3685-+30

B45196-E3106-+30

B45196-E3226-+40

B45196-E3336-+40

*

3,3

6,8

7,0

4,5

3,5

2,4

2,0

1,1

0,8

10

15

22

47

68

10

(6,3)

1,5

10

2,2

4,7

6,8

7,0

4,5

3,5

2,4

2,0

1,1

0,8

10

15

33

47

16

(10)

1,0

10

1,5

3,3

4,7

6,8

8,0

5,0

3,5

2,4

2,0

1,1

1,0

10

22

33

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

24

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196-E

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

0,68

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

20

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

0,04

0,06

0,04

0,06

0,04

0,06

0,5

0,7

1,0

1,4

3,0

4,4

0,5

0,6

0,9

1,2

1,7

2,5

3,8

0,5

0,6

0,8

1,2

1,7

2,4

3,5

12

B45196-E4684-+10

B45196-E4105-+10

B45196-E4225-+20

B45196-E4335-+20

B45196-E4475-+30

B45196-E4685-+30

B45196-E4156-+40

B45196-E4226-+40

B45196-E5474-+10

B45196-E5684-+10

B45196-E5155-+20

B45196-E5225-+20

B45196-E5335-+30

B45196-E5475-+30

B45196-E5685-+40

B45196-E5106-+40

B45196-E5156-+40

B45196-E6104-+10

B45196-E6154-+10

B45196-E6224-+10

B45196-E6334-+10

B45196-E6474-+20

B45196-E6684-+20

B45196-E6105-+20

B45196-E6155-+30

B45196-E6225-+30

B45196-E6335-+30

B45196-E6475-+40

B45196-E6685-+40

B45196-E6106-+40

*

(13)

1,0

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

9,0

6,0

4,5

2,4

2,0

1,2

1,0

15

22

25

(16)

0,47

0,68

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

13

10

7,0

5,0

2,8

2,3

1,8

1,2

1,0

10

15

0,10

35

(23)

28

0,15

0,22

0,33

0,47

0,68

1,0

23

19

15

11

8,0

7,0

4,8

3,2

2,4

1,5

1,2

1,0

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

Siemens Matsushita Components

25

B 45 196-E

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

0,10

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

50

(33)

A

B

C

D

0,04

0,06

0,5

0,8

1,1

1,7

2,4

27

22

18

14

B45196-E7104-+10

B45196-E7154-+20

B45196-E7224-+20

B45196-E7334-+20

B45196-E7474-+30

B45196-E7684-+30

B45196-E7105-+30

B45196-E7155-+40

B45196-E7225-+40

B45196-E7335-+40

B45196-E7475-+40

*

0,15

0,22

0,33

0,47

0,68

1,0

7,2

6,4

4,8

4,0

2,8

1,6

1,2

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

26

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196-H

Technical data and ordering codes

For characteristic curves see page 37/38 ff

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

6,8

10

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

4

(2,5)

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

B

C

D

E

D

E

0,06

0,08

0,06

0,08

0,5

0,6

0,9

1,3

1,9

2,7

4,0

6,0

8,8

13,2

18,8

0,5

0,6

0,9

1,4

2,1

3,0

4,3

6,3

9,5

13,9

20,8

29,6

6,0

4,5

4,0

3,5

3,0

2,5

2,3

1,6

1,5

1,4

0,8

0,6

5,5

4,5

4,0

3,8

3,0

2,5

2,2

1,6

2,0

1,5

1,4

1,2

0,8

0,6

B45196-H685-+10

B45196-H106-+10

B45196-H156-+10

B45196-H226-+10

B45196-H226-+20

B45196-H336-+20

B45196-H476-+20

B45196-H476-+30

B45196-H686-+30

B45196-H107-+30

B45196-H157-+40

B45196-H227-+40

B45196-H337-+50

B45196-H477-+50

*

15

22

2)

22

33

47

68

100

150

220

330

470

6,3

(4)

4,7

6,8

B45196-H1475-+10

B45196-H1685-+10

B45196-H1106-+10

B45196-H1156-+10

B45196-H1156-+20

B45196-H1226-+20

B45196-H1336-+20

B45196-H1336-+30

B45196-H1476-+20

B45196-H1476-+30

B45196-H1686-+30

B45196-H1107-+30

B45196-H1107-+40

B45196-H1157-+40

B45196-H1227-+40

B45196-H1227-+50

B45196-H1337-+40

B45196-H1337-+50

B45196-H1477-+50

*

10

15

22

33

47

68

100

150

220

330

470

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

2) Upon request

*

Siemens Matsushita Components

27

B 45 196-H

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

3,3

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

10

(6,3)

A

B

C

D

E

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

0,06

0,08

0,06

0,08

0,5

0,7

1,0

1,5

2,2

3,0

4,7

6,8

10

5,5

4,5

4,0

3,8

3,0

2,5

2,3

1,6

1,5

1,4

1,2

0,8

0,6

6,5

5,0

4,0

3,8

3,0

2,5

2,3

1,6

1,5

1,4

0,8

0,6

B45196-H2335-+10

B45196-H2475-+10

B45196-H2685-+10

B45196-H2106-+10

B45196-H2106-+20

B45196-H2156-+20

B45196-H2226-+20

B45196-H2226-+30

B45196-H2336-+30

B45196-H2476-+30

B45196-H2686-+30

B45196-H2686-+40

B45196-H2107-+40

B45196-H2157-+40

B45196-H2157-+50

B45196-H2227-+40

B45196-H2227-+50

B45196-H2337-+50

B45196-H3225-+10

B45196-H3335-+10

B45196-H3475-+10

B45196-H3685-+10

B45196-H3685-+20

B45196-H3106-+20

B45196-H3156-+20

B45196-H3156-+30

B45196-H3226-+30

B45196-H3336-+30

B45196-H3476-+40

B45196-H3686-+40

B45196-H3107-+40

B45196-H3107-+50

B45196-H3157-+50

*

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

33

47

2)

68

100

150

220

330

15

22

33

16

(10)

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

0,5

0,8

1,1

1,6

2,4

3,5

5,3

7,5

10,9

16

2)

10

2)

15

22

33

47

68

2)

100

150

16

2)

24

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

2) Upon request

*

28

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196-H

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

1,5

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

20

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

0,06

0,08

0,04

0,06

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,4

2,0

3,0

4,4

6,6

9,4

13,6

20,0

0,5

0,8

1,2

1,7

2,5

5,5

8,3

11,7

8,0

B45196-H4155-+10

B45196-H4225-+10

B45196-H4335-+10

B45196-H4475-+10

B45196-H4475-+20

B45196-H4685-+20

B45196-H4106-+20

B45196-H4106-+30

B45196-H4156-+30

B45196-H4226-+30

B45196-H4336-+40

B45196-H4476-+40

B45196-H4476-+50

B45196-H4686-+50

B45196-H4107-+50

B45196-H5105-+10

B45196-H5155-+10

B45196-H5335-+20

B45196-H5475-+20

B45196-H5685-+30

B45196-H5106-+30

B45196-H5226-+40

B45196-H5336-+40

B45196-H5336-+50

B45196-H5476-+50

*

(13)

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,0

4,0

3,5

3,0

2,5

2,3

1,6

1,5

1,4

0,8

8,0

7,0

4,0

3,2

2,0

1,6

0,8

2)

6,8

2)

10

15

22

33

47

68

2)

100

25

(16)

1,0

1,5

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

22

33

47

2)

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

2) Upon request

*

Siemens Matsushita Components

29

B 45 196-H

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

0,47

µA

Ω

Tinned terminals

35

(23)

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

E

0,04

0,06

0,04

0,06

0,5

0,8

1,6

2,4

5,3

7,7

11,6

0,5

0,8

3,4

5,0

11

B45196-H6474-+10

B45196-H6684-+10

B45196-H6105-+10

B45196-H6155-+20

B45196-H6225-+20

B45196-H6475-+30

B45196-H6685-+30

B45196-H6156-+40

B45196-H6226-+50

B45196-H6336-+50

B45196-H7154-+10

B45196-H7224-+10

B45196-H7474-+20

B45196-H7155-+30

B45196-H7685-+50

B45196-H7106-+50

*

0,68

1,0

1,5

2,2

4,7

6,8

8,0

7,0

6,0

4,0

2,0

1,8

0,8

15

22

33

2)

50

(33)

0,15

0,22

0,47

1,5

22

18

9,0

4,4

0,8

6,8

2)

10

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

2) Upon request

*

30

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196-P

Technical data and ordering codes

For characteristic curves see page 37/38 ff

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

3,3

µA

Ω

Tinned teminals

4

(2,5)

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

0,045

0,06

0,5

0,6

0,9

1,3

1,9

2,7

4,0

6,0

0,5

0,6

1,0

1,4

2,1

3,0

4,3

6,3

5,9

4,6

3,9

2,7

2,6

1,7

1,5

1,1

0,8

0,6

6,5

4,6

3,6

2,7

2,1

1,7

1,3

1,1

0,8

0,6

B45196-P335-+10

B45196-P475-+10

B45196-P685-+10

B45196-P106-+20

B45196-P156-+20

B45196-P226-+30

B45196-P336-+30

B45196-P476-+30

B45196-P686-+40

B45196-P107-+40

B45196-P157-+40

*

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

33

47

68

100

150

0,06

6,3

(4)

2,2

0,045

0,06

B45196-P1225-+10

B45196-P1335-+10

B45196-P1475-+10

B45196-P1685-+20

B45196-P1106-+20

B45196-P1156-+30

B45196-P1226-+30

B45196-P1336-+30

B45196-P1476-+30

B45196-P1476-+40

B45196-P1686-+40

B45196-P1107-+40

*

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

33

47

68

100

Types B 45 196-P can be operated at temperatures up to 150 ˚C.

Details for this operating condition must be agreed upon between supplier and customer.

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

Siemens Matsushita Components

31

B 45 196-P

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

1,5

µA

Ω

Tinned teminals

10

(6,3)

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

0,045

0,06

0,5

0,7

1,0

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

6,5

4,6

3,6

2,7

2,1

1,8

1,7

1,4

1,1

0,8

0,6

6,5

5,2

4,3

3,0

2,1

1,7

1,4

1,1

1,0

0,8

0,7

0,6

B45196-P2155-+10

B45196-P2225-+10

B45196-P2335-+10

B45196-P2475-+20

B45196-P2685-+10

B45196-P2106-+20

B45196-P2106-+30

B45196-P2156-+30

B45196-P2226-+30

B45196-P2336-+40

B45196-P2476-+40

B45196-P2686-+40

B45196-P2107-+40

B45196-P3105-+10

B45196-P3155-+10

B45196-P3225-+10

B45196-P3335-+20

B45196-P3475-+20

B45196-P3685-+30

B45196-P3106-+30

B45196-P3156-+30

B45196-P3226-+30

B45196-P3226-+40

B45196-P3336-+40

B45196-P3476-+40

*

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

33

47

68

100

1,0

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

16

(10)

0,030

0,045

0,5

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,6

2,4

3,6

5,3

7,5

15

22

33

47

Types B 45 196-P can be operated at temperatures up to 150 ˚C.

Details for this operating condition must be agreed upon between supplier and customer.

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

32

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196-P

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

0,68

µA

Ω

Tinned teminals

20

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

0,030

0,045

0,030

0,045

0,5

0,7

1,0

1,4

2,0

3,0

4,4

6,6

0,5

0,6

0,9

1,2

1,7

2,5

3,8

5,5

7,8

5,9

5,2

3,6

2,7

1,7

1,3

1,1

0,9

0,7

0,6

8,5

6,5

5,2

4,2

3,0

2,0

1,6

1,4

1,1

0,9

0,7

0,6

B45196-P4684-+10

B45196-P4105-+10

B45196-P4155-+10

B45196-P4225-+20

B45196-P4335-+20

B45196-P4475-+30

B45196-P4685-+30

B45196-P4106-+30

B45196-P4156-+40

B45196-P4226-+40

B45196-P4336-+40

B45196-P5474-+10

B45196-P5684-+10

B45196-P5105-+10

B45196-P5155-+20

B45196-P5225-+20

B45196-P5335-+30

B45196-P5475-+30

B45196-P5685-+30

B45196-P5106-+30

B45196-P5106-+40

B45196-P5156-+40

B45196-P5226-+40

*

(13)

1,0

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

33

25

(16)

0,47

0,68

1,0

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

Types B 45 196-P can be operated at temperatures up to 150 ˚C.

Details for this operating condition must be agreed upon between supplier and customer.

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

Siemens Matsushita Components

33

B 45 196-P

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

(20˚C,

I

Z

max

Ordering code

R

max

lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C,V , (20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz)

5 min)

100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

0,10

µA

Ω

Tinned teminals

35

(23)

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

0,030

0,045

0,030

0,045

0,5

0,6

0,8

1,2

1,7

2,4

3,5

0,5

0,8

1,1

1,7

2,4

28

23

15

11

B45196-P6104-+10

B45196-P6154-+10

B45196-P6224-+10

B45196-P6334-+10

B45196-P6474-+20

B45196-P6684-+20

B45196-P6105-+20

B45196-P6155-+30

B45196-P6225-+30

B45196-P6335-+30

B45196-P6475-+40

B45196-P6685-+40

B45196-P6106-+40

B45196-P7104-+10

B45196-P7154-+20

B45196-P7224-+20

B45196-P7334-+20

B45196-P7474-+30

B45196-P7684-+30

B45196-P7105-+30

B45196-P7155-+40

B45196-P7225-+40

B45196-P7335-+40

B45196-P7475-+40

*

0,15

0,22

0,33

0,47

0,68

1,0

8,0

5,5

4,4

3,3

2,2

1,7

1,0

0,9

0,7

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

50

(33)

0,10

0,15

0,22

0,33

0,47

0,68

1,0

27

22

15

11

6,5

5,5

3,3

2,8

2,0

1,1

0,9

1,5

2,2

3,3

4,7

Types B 45 196-P can be operated at temperatures up to 150 ˚C.

Details for this operating condition must be agreed upon between supplier and customer.

1) Replace 196 by 198 for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

34

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 197-A

Technical data and ordering codes

For characteristic curves see page 37/40 ff

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

I

ESR Iac

max

Ordering code

R

max lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C, (20˚C,V , (20˚C,

(20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz) 5 min)

100 kHz) 100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

22

µA

mΩ

A

Tinned terminals

6,3

(4)

C

D

E

C

D

E

C

D

E

C

D

E

0,06

0,08

0,06

0,08

0,06

0,08

0,06

1,4

2,1

4,3

6,3

9,5

13,9

20,8

1,5

2,2

4,7

6,8

10

375

350

175

125

100

400

375

200

150

100

450

400

200

175

150

100

475

450

200

150

0,54

0,56

0,93

1,10

1,28

0,52

0,54

0,87

1,00

1,22

1,28

0,49

0,52

0,87

0,93

1,05

1,28

0,48

0,49

0,87

0,91

1,05

B45197-A1226-+30

B45197-A1336-+30

B45197-A1686-+40

B45197-A1107-+40

B45197-A1157-+50

B45197-A1227-+50

B45197-A1337-+50

B45197-A2156-+30

B45197-A2226-+30

B45197-A2476-+40

B45197-A2686-+40

B45197-A2107-+40

B45197-A2107-+50

B45197-A2157-+50

B45197-A2227-+50

B45197-A2337-+50

B45197-A3106-+30

B45197-A3156-+30

B45197-A3336-+40

B45197-A3476-+40

B45197-A3686-+50

B45197-A3107-+50

B45197-A4685-+30

B45197-A4106-+30

B45197-A4226-+40

B45197-A4336-+40

B45197-A4336-+50

B45197-A4476-+50

B45197-A4686-+50

*

33

68

100

150

220

330

15

10

(6,3)

22

47

68

100

150

220

330

10

15

22

33

16

(10)

1,6

2,4

5,3

7,5

10,9

16

15

33

47

68

100

20

(13)

6,8

1,4

2,0

4,4

6,6

9,4

13,6

10

22

33

47

68

1) Replace 197-A by 198-R for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

Siemens Matsushita Components

35

B 45 197-A

1)

V

C

Case

size

tan δ

I

ESR Iac

max

Ordering code

R

max lk, max

up to 85˚C

(20˚C, (20˚C,V , (20˚C,

(20˚C,

R

(up to 125˚C)

120 Hz) 5 min)

100 kHz) 100 kHz)

Vdc

µF

4,7

15

µA

mΩ

A

Tinned terminals

25

(16)

C

D

E

C

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

E

0,06

1,2

3,8

5,5

8,3

1,2

1,6

2,4

3,5

5,3

7,7

2,4

3,4

525

230

200

550

300

260

300

0,46

0,81

0,85

0,91

0,45

0,71

0,74

0,76

0,80

0,76

0,80

0,71

0,74

B45197-A5475-+30

B45197-A5156-+40

B45197-A5226-+40

B45197-A5226-+50

B45197-A5336-+50

B45197-A6335-+30

B45197-A6475-+40

B45197-A6685-+40

B45197-A6685-+50

B45197-A6106-+40

B45197-A6106-+50

B45197-A6156-+40

B45197-A6156-+50

B45197-A6226-+50

B45197-A7475-+40

B45197-A7685-+50

*

22

33

35

(23)

3,3

4,7

6,8

10

15

22

50

(33)

4,7

6,8

1) Replace 197-A by 198-R for gold-plated terminals

+

Insert code letter for required capacitance tolerance: M = ± 20 %, K = ± 10 % (J = ± 5 % upon request)

Insert code number for required reel diameter: 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm

*

36

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196, B 45 197

B 45 198

Impedance Z and equivalent series resistance ESR versus temperature T

Typical behavior

Case sizes A to E

Siemens Matsushita Components

37

B 45 196

B 45 198

Impedance Z and equivalent series resistance ESR versus frequency f

Typical behavior

Case size A

Case size B

Case size C

Case size D

38

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 196

B 45 198

Impedance Z and equivalent series resistance ESR versus frequency f

Typical behavior

Case size E

Siemens Matsushita Components

39

B 45 197-A

B 45 198-R

Impedance Z and equivalent series resistance ESR versus frequency f

Typical behavior

Case size C

Case size D

Case size E

40

Siemens Matsushita Components

B 45 197-A

B 45 198-R

Permissible ripple current

versus temperature T

Typical behavior

Permissible ripple current

versus frequency f

Typical behavior

Siemens Matsushita Components

41

General Technical Information

1

Basic construction

Dielectric

Cathode

A

---

d

C = ε₀ε_r

Anode

C

Capacitance

F

ε

A

d

Absolute permittivity

Relative dielectric constant

Capacitor electrode surface area

Electrode spacing

As/Vm

0

(27 for Ta O )

r

2

5

2

m

Graphite

Semiconductor (e.g. MnO₂)

Fig. 1 Basic construction of a tantalum capacitor and calculation of capacitance

Anode

Body of sintered tantalum powder

Dielectric

Tantalum oxide, generated electrochemically by oxidation on the

anode

Cathode

Semi-conducting metal oxide (manganese dioxide) deposited on the

anodic oxide foil

Contacts to the cathode

Graphite and conducting silver layer that is applied on the

semi-conducting coating and soldered or glued to the case or the

terminals

Molded epoxy encapsulation

Negative terminal

Marking

PTFE washer

Anode wire

Anode body

Positive terminal

Tantalum pentoxide + MnO₂

Sintered tantalum powder

Fig. 2 Mechanical construction

Siemens Matsushita Components

43

General Technical Information

2

Polarity

Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are polar capacitors. The dielectric layers of polar electrolytic ca-

pacitors are arranged so that the current is blocked only in one direction. It is important, therefore,

to pay attention to the polarity marking (positive pole on anode, negative pole on cathode). Reverse

polarity is permitted only up to the values indicated on page 47, otherwise the capacitor may be de-

stroyed by the effects of the rapidly increasing current.

I

Current

V

Voltage

Polarity reversal voltage

Rated voltage

Surge voltage

Forming voltage

(determines the dielectric strength)

rev

R

S

F

Fig. 3 Current/voltage curve of a tantalum electrolytic capacitor (qualitative depiction only)

3

Standards

The tantalum electrolytic capacitors described in this data book are all designed for enhanced ser-

vice requirements. The mechanical and electrical characteristics, together with the corresponding

tests and test procedures, are set down in the appropriate standards. With regard to the technical

content, the general IEC, CECC and DIN standards are in line with each other.

General standards for tantalum electrolytic capacitors

IEC 384-1

(identical with DIN IEC 384, part 1, CECC30000 and DIN 45 910)

Generic specification:

Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment

IEC 384-3

(identical with DIN IEC 384, part 3, CECC30800 and DIN 45 910 part 15)

Sectional specification:

Tantalum chip capacitors

IEC 384 - 3-1

(identical with DIN IEC 384, part 3-1 and CECC30801)

Blank detail specification:

Tantalum chip capacitors

44

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

Assignment of tantalum electrolytic capacitors produced by S + M Components to existing

detail specifications

Detail specification

Series

CECC30801-801

IEC-QC300801/US0001

CECC30801-802

CECC30801-011

CECC30801-805

B 45 196-E, B 45 196-P

B 45 196-H

B 45 196-Q (special version)

B45197

4

Voltages

4.1

Rated voltage

The rated voltage V is the dc voltage indicated upon the capacitor. It determines the thickness of

R

the dielectric.

4.2

Maximum continuous voltage

is the maximum permissible voltage at which the capacitor

The maximum continuous voltage V

cont

can be continuously operated. It is a direct current voltage, or the sum of the basic dc voltage plus

the peak value of the superimposed ac voltage (cf. chapter 7, on page 52).

The maximum continuous voltage depends on the ambient temperature (cf. figure 4). Within the

temperature range of − 55 to + 85 ˚C, the rated voltage is equal to the maximum continuous voltage

for tantalum electrolytic capacitors.

In the temperature range between + 85 and + 125 ˚C, the maximum continuous voltage must be

2

reduced linearily from the rated voltage to / of the rated voltage. 85 ˚C at V and 125 ˚C at / V

3

R

3

R

constitute approximately the same load for the capacitor. Operation below the maximum continuous

voltage has a positive effect on the capacitor’s service life.

Siemens Matsushita Components

45

General Technical Information

Fig. 4 Max. permissible continuous voltage (operating voltage) versus temperature

4.3

Operating voltage

The operating voltage V is the voltage applied to the capacitor during continuous operation. It is

op

not allowed to exceed the max. continuous voltage.

All unfavorable operating conditions (e.g. possible line overvoltages, unfavorable tolerances of the

transformation ratio of the line transformer in the equipment, repeated overvoltages upon switching

equipment on, high ambient temperatures etc.) have to be taken into account when determining the

operating voltage.

4.4

Surge voltage

The surge voltage V is the maximum voltage (peak value) which may be applied to the capacitor

S

for short periods, at the most 5 times for a duration of up to 1 minute per hour. The surge voltage

must not be applied for periodic charging and discharging in the course of normal operation.

The permissible surge voltage for all capacitors in this data book is

1,3 · V

R

If voltage impulses (transient voltages) exceeding the surge voltage occur, this may lead to irrepa-

rable damage.

If applications of this kind are planned, please consult us first.

46

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

4.5

Polarity reversal voltage (incorrect polarity)

Any incorrect polarity resulting from the sum of the direct voltage and the alternating voltage com-

ponents must be smaller than or equal to the permitted polarity reversal voltage (see table below).

To avoid reducing the reliability, this voltage may only occur for a short time, at most five times for

a duration of one minute per hour.

Permissible polarity reversal voltage for capacitors with a solid electrolyte:

.

at

20 ˚C:

55 ˚C:

85 ˚C:

0,15

0,10

0,05

0,03

V

R

at 125 ˚C:

4.6

Series back-to-back connection

For applications where higher polarity reversal voltages occur, two capacitors with identical rated

voltage and identical rated capacitance can be connected back-to-back in series (e.g. cathode to

cathode). In this way, blocking in each polarization direction is achieved. To avoid damage to the

reversed polarity capacitors during charging, it is necessary to connect diodes in parallel to the ca-

pacitors with the center of the diodes and the capacitors connected together.

This non-polar or bi-polar version (which only has half the capacitance value as a result) can be

operated at voltages of up to the rated direct voltage of any polarity or with double the superimposed

alternating voltage of the value permitted for the individual capacitor.

The capacitors connected back-to-back in this way can also be operated at a pure ac voltage. The

surface temperature of the capacitor is not allowed to increase by more than max. 10 ˚C , while the

upper temperature limit should not be exceeded.

4.7

Inherent voltage

Occasionally, inherent voltages can occur in electrolytic capacitors (due to element formation be-

tween anode and cathode). Since these inherent voltages are relatively low (< 0,5 V), with accord-

6

ingly high internal resistance (several 10 Ω), they are of no importance for most applications.

4.8

Recharging

In all conventional capacitors a recharging effect may occur. This effect causes a charged capacitor

to generate a recharging voltage that is of the same polarity as the charging voltage after external

bridges are removed from the capacitor’s layers. The recharging voltage is more or less indepen-

dent of the capacitance of the capacitors and the thickness of the dielectric and can be considered

to be a characteristic property of the dielectric material.

The value of the recharging voltage depends on various factors (type, charging time, discharging

-2

time, time of measurement, ambient temperature) and can attain an order of magnitude of 10 up

to several tenths of the operating voltage. Of all electrolytic capacitors, capacitors with solid elec-

trolytes have the lowest recharging effect.

Siemens Matsushita Components

47

General Technical Information

5

Capacitance

5.1

Rated capacitance

The rated capacitance C is the capacitance value by which the capacitor is identified. The actual

R

capacitance of a capacitor can deviate from the rated capacitance by as much as the full magnitude

of the tolerance at delivery.

The capacitance of tantalum electrolytic capacitors is determined at a frequency of 120 Hz and a

temperature of 20 ˚C as a series capacitance in an alternating current bridge circuit with measuring

voltages < 0,5 V

.

rms

5.2

Capacitance tolerance

The capacitance tolerance (or tolerance at delivery) ∆C/C is the maximum permitted deviation of

R

the actual capacitance value from the specific rated capacitance.

Where the capacitance tolerances are to be indicated on the components themselves,

S + M Components uses code letters in accordance with IEC 68. This code letter also forms part of

the ordering code.

5.3

Temperature dependence of the capacitance

The capacitance of a tantalum electrolytic capacitor varies with the temperature (positive tempera-

ture coefficient), cf. figure 5. The amount by which it varies depends on the voltage and capacitance

value. Low voltages and high capacitance values cause greater variations than high voltages and

low capacitance values.

Fig. 5 Capacitance change versus temperature (typical values)

48

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

− 55 ˚C

− 10 %

+ 85 ˚C

+ 10 %

+ 125 ˚C

+ 12 %

Maximum values for chip capacitors

5.4

Frequency dependence of the capacitance

The capacitance decreases with increasing frequency. A typical curve is shown in figure 6.

Fig. 6 Capacitance change versus frequency (typical behavior),

reference temperature 20 ˚C

Typical values of the effective capacitance can be derived from the impedance curve, as long as

the impedance is still in the range where the capacitive component dominates.

1

C =

--------------------------

2

π f Z

C

f

Z

Capacitance

Frequency

Impedance

F

Hz

Ω

5.5

Charge-discharge proof

Tantalum electrolytic capacitors produced by S + M Components are charge-discharge proof. This

8

means that the capacitance reduction after 10 charge-discharge cycles will be less than 3 %.

Siemens Matsushita Components

49

General Technical Information

6

Impedance / Equivalent series resistance (ESR)

The impedance can also be described as the absolute value of the ac resistance.

The impedance of tantalum electrolytic capacitors is represented in close approximation by a series

circuit comprising the following individual resistance components:

1. Effective reactance 1/ωC of the capacitance C

2. Dielectric losses and the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte and/or the semiconductor layer

(equivalent series resistance ESR)

3. Effective reactance ωL of the inductance of the electrodes and the terminals.

Fig. 7 Simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a tantalum electrolytic capacitor

The frequency and temperature relationship of these components determine the impedance char-

acteristics.

ESR includes both R

+ R : R

represents the dielectric losses and decreases with 1/ω.

Dielect

Elyt

R

represents the series resistance of the electrolyte and does not vary with frequency. R

elyte

Dielect

is negligible at frequencies above approximately 10 kHz.

In the higher and lower frequency ranges, the frequency characteristic of the impedance is mainly

caused by both the reactances. The temperature characteristic is mainly determined by the resis-

tance of the electrolyte.

Because of the corrosion-resistance of tantalum, highly conductive electrolytes can be used for tan-

talum electrolytic capacitors, so that these capacitors have low series resistances. A particularly

high conductivity is achieved by the solid semiconductor layer used instead of a liquid electrolyte.

Hence capacitors with solid electrolytes have the lowest series resistance of all electrolytic capaci-

tors.

The conductivity of the electrolyte varies only slightly, even at low temperatures. This means that

the impedance of tantalum electrolyte capacitors displays favorable frequency and temperature

characteristics.

The following figures show the typical behavior of the impedance in relationship to frequency and

temperature.

The decrease in impedance at low frequencies down to a few kHz is determined by the capacitive

reactance, whereas the following, almost horizontal course of the curve mainly shows the ohmic

series resistance. Beyond the natural resonant frequency, the inductive reactance becomes in-

creasingly predominant, so that the curves finally merge into straight lines.

50

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

Fig. 8 Impedance Z versus frequency f

Fig. 9 Impedance Z versus temperature T

Capacitor 6,8 µF/35 Vdc

Siemens Matsushita Components

51

General Technical Information

7

AC power dissipation

7.1

Superimposed alternating voltage for capacitors with solid electrolyte

The superimposed alternating voltage is the r.m.s. alternating voltage that may be applied to a

capacitor in addition to a direct voltage. The sum of the direct voltage and the peak value of the

superimposed alternating voltage must not exceed the maximum continuous voltage. The

superimposed alternating voltage must be limited in such a way that no unpermitted incorrect

polarity occurs (permissible incorrect polarity, cf. chapter 4.5).

The alternating current flowing through the capacitor or the alternating voltage applied may not

exceed a maximum value determined for the respective type and rated capacitance, since the

capacitor might be damaged due to overheating or its service life may be reduced. The value of the

permitted alternating voltage and/or the superimposed alternating current depends on the

equivalent series resistance (ESR) and the permissible power dissipation. Here, the permitted

inherent heating for the respective type is taken into consideration.

The basis for the calculations are as follows:

V

----

Z

2

.

P = I ESR , with I =

we obtain

V ²ESR

P =

-------------------------

Z ²

P

I

V

Z

Power dissipation

W

A

Vac

Ω

Effective ripple current

Effective alternating voltage

Impedance

ESR

Equivalent series resistance

Ω

7.2

Maximum permissible ripple current and alternating voltage loads

from the following tables, the maximum permissible ripple current and alternating volt-

Using P

max

age loads can be calculated.

P_max

V _max= Z -------------

ESR

I _max

=

-------------

ESR

52

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

7.2.1

Maximum permissible power dissipation with ripple current load

Case size

in mW

Z

P

A

B

C

D

E

P

28

55

75

85

110

150

165

V max

Reduction of the calculated values versus the ambient temperature, cf. figure 10.

Fig. 10 Permissible ripple current Iac and permissible alternating voltage Vac versus

temperature T

Siemens Matsushita Components

53

General Technical Information

8

Dissipation factor

The dissipation factor tan δ increases with frequency and tends to very high values at near-

resonance frequencies. The figures below show the typical frequency and temperature behavior of

the dissipation factor.

T

Fig. 11 Dissipation factor versus temperature

at f = 120 Hz

Fig. 12 Dissipation factor versus frequency

at T = 20 ˚C

54

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

9

Leakage current

When a direct voltage is applied to electrolytic capacitors, a low, constant current will flow through any

capacitor. This so-called leakage current I is a function of the voltage as well as of the temperature.

lk

(Graphs are shown in chapter 9.1).

The value of the leakage current of an electrolytic capacitor is determined, above all, by the impurities

(atoms of foreign substances that cannot be formed) in the carrier metal (anode). The use of high-pu-

rity tantalum powder results in a low fault density in the dielectric and thus in a low leakage current.

9.1

Temperature and voltage dependence of the leakage current

Fig. 13 Leakage current versus voltage

Fig. 14 Leakagecurrentversustemperature

Siemens Matsushita Components

55

General Technical Information

9.2

Time dependence of the leakage current

As can be seen from figure 15 , the leakage current is high when the voltage is first applied (inrush

current). This decreases rapidly, however, in the course of operation and finally achieves an almost

constant “steady-state” value.

Inrush current

Steady-state

leakage current

Time

Fig. 15 Leakage current versus time for which a voltage is applied

9.3

Leakage current measurement

The leakage current is measured at 20 ˚C, after the rated voltage has been applied to the capacitors

for five minutes. A stabilized power supply is required and a series resistor of 1000 Ω should be

connected in order to limit the charging current.

Before the voltage is applied, the capacitors must be stabilized at the rated temperature for

30 minutes.

For tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte, the following limit value at 20 ˚C is required by the

applicable standards:

C_RV _R

I_lk≤ 0,01 µA ·

, minimum 0,5 µA.

------- -------

µF

V

The following temperature factors apply

at 85 ˚C: 10

at 125 ˚C: 12,5

56

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

9.4

Leakage current behavior after storage without applied voltage

Tantalum and its oxide are extremely resistant to chemical influences and are only attacked by very

aggressive chemicals. They possess a high resistance to commonly used electrolytes and there is

no deterioration of the oxide layer.

Storage without an applied voltage at room temperature has no effect on the leakage current and

only a slight effect at increased storage temperatures. This means that tantalum electrolytic capac-

itors can be stored for at least 10 years without requiring subsequent regeneration.

10

Resistance to climatic stress

Both for reasons of reliability and due to the fact that the electrical parameters vary with tempera-

ture, limits must be set for the climatic conditions to which tantalum capacitors are subjected. The

most important climatic factors are the permissible minimum and maximum temperatures and

humidity conditions. The values for these three factors are coded as IEC climatic categories (cf.

chapter 10.5). The IEC category applicable to each type is given in the corresponding data sheet.

10.1

Temperature range

The temperature range of a capacitor is the range between the lower and upper category temper-

atures within which the capacitor may be operated in accordance with its climatic category.

The temperature range for tantalum electrolytic capacitors lies between − 55 and + 125 ˚C.

Within the − 55 to + 85 ˚C range, the maximum continuous voltage V

may be equal to the rated

cont

voltage V , provided that no other limiting conditions are specified. From 85 ˚C upwards, voltage

R

reductions should be made (cf. chapter 4.2).

10.2

Minimum permissible operating temperature T

(Lower category temperature)

min

The lower category temperature results from the capacitance decrease permitted for each individ-

ual capacitor type or from the increase in impedance due to the reduced conductivity of the electro-

lyte or the semiconductor layer. Temperatures down to the lower category temperature do not affect

the service life.

10.3

Maximum permissible operating temperatureT

(Upper category temperature)

max

The upper category temperature is the maximum permissible ambient temperature at which a

capacitor may be continuously operated at the stated permissible electrical load. If this limit is

exceeded, the capacitor may fail prematurely. It is possible to exceed the upper category tempera-

ture for short periods. However, since the permissible period depends on the electrical load, it is

essential to consult S + M Components before implementing such applications.

10.4

Damp heat conditions

The permissible damp heat conditions for tantalum electrolytic capacitors are specified by the

climatic categories in accordance with IEC 68-1 and are proved by tests in accordance

with IEC 68-2-3.

Siemens Matsushita Components

57

General Technical Information

10.5

IEC climatic category

The permissible climatic stress on a capacitor is given by the respective IEC climatic category.

According to IEC 68-1, the climatic category comprises 3 groups of numbers, separated by slashes.

Example: 55/125/56

1st group: Lower category temperature (temperature limit) denoting the test temperature for test

A (cold) in accordance with IEC 68-2-1.

2nd group: Upper category temperature (temperature limit) denoting the test temperature for test

B (dry heat) in accordance with IEC 68-2-2.

3rd group: Number of days, the duration of test Ca (damp heat, steady state) at a relative humidity

of 93 +2/-3 % and an ambient temperature of 40 ˚C, in accordance with IEC 68-2-3.

10.6

Storage and transportation temperatures

Tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte may be stored at temperatures down to − 80 ˚C.

The upper storage temperature may not exceed the rated temperature range.

11

Notes on mounting

For soldering tests, refer to the chapters “Measuring and Test Conditions” and “Soldering Condi-

tions”. These chapters also include layout recommendations and soldering temperature profiles.

11.1

Cleaning agents

The cleaning agents normally used nowadays for cleaning printed circuit boards after components

have been soldered in can also be used, without restrictions, for tantalum electrolytic capacitors.

Four-chamber ultrasonic cleaning processes with short individual stages and adequate subsequent

drying provide good protection against damage.

12

Standard barcode label

The standard product package label provides barcode information as well as the usual text infor-

mation. This provides advantages in the internal goods flow, but above all, it allows fast and accu-

rate identity monitoring by the customer.

Due to our systematically constructed, unique marking on the packages, each component can be

traced back to a certain production lot. This, in turn allows monitoring of the entire production pro-

cedure right back to the purchasing of raw materials.

The information includes the type, ordering code, quantity, date of manufacture, storage number,

lot number and, where applicable, customer number. The barcode used is code 39 (medium

density).

58

Siemens Matsushita Components

General Technical Information

Example:

13

Packing

When packing our products, naturally we pay attention to the needs of the environment. This means

that:

– only environmentally compatible materials are used for packing, and

– the amount of packing is kept to an absolute minimum.

In observing these rules, we are also complying to German packaging legislation.

In order to further comply to the aims of this legislation concerning the reduction of commercial

waste, we have implemented the following measures:

– Standardized “Euro” pallets are used.

– Goods are secured on pallets using straps and edge protectors made of environmentally com-

patible plastics (PE or PP). No stretch or shrink-wrap foils are used.

– Shipping cartons (transport packaging) qualify for and carry the RESY logo.

– Separating layers between pallets and cartons are of a single material type, preferably paper or

cardboard.

– Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene foam) chips are used as filler and padding materials. These

can be re-used. They are expanded to a foam without using CFCs and halogens.

– The shipping cartons are sealed with paper adhesive tape in order to ensure that only a single,

uniform material needs to be disposed of.

– We are prepared, in principle, to take back the packing material (especially product-specific pla-

stic packages). However, we ask our customers to send cardboard cartons, corrugated card-

board, paper etc. to recycling or disposal companies in order to avoid unnecessary transporta-

tion of empty packing materials.

Siemens Matsushita Components

59

General Technical Information

14

End of use and disposal

All tantalum electrolytic capacitors produced by S + M Components are free of substances listed in

German chemicals and CFC halogen prohibitive regulations. Nor do they contain any chemical sub-

stances of groups I through VIII of the Montreal clean air agreement or mentioned in EC regulation

3093/94.

Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are not categorized as waste materials requiring special supervi-

sion in recycling and waste disposal regulations. Consequently they may be left in electronic equip-

ment and on circuit boards without any declaration or restriction and collected by an authorized dis-

posal and recycling agency for electronic waste.

Customers outside Germany are requested to observe the disposal regulations which apply in their

respective country.

15

Structure of the ordering code (part number)

All technical products produced by our company are identified by a part number (which is identical

to the ordering code). This number is a unique identifier for any respective specific component that

can be supplied by us. The customer can speed up and facilitate processing of his order by quoting

the part number. All components are supplied in accordance with the part numbers ordered.

The structure of the ordering code is explained in the data sheet section (pages 12 and 18 ).

60

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

1

General

The high demands made of us by the world market for product and service quality make a compre-

hensive, thorough and up-to-date quality management system indispensable.

The QM system introduced in Capacitors Division was certified to EN ISO 9001 in June 1992.

Numerous customer audits and awards are evidence of its efficiency and effectiveness.

The QM system has been further developed and refined in line with the requirements of standards

(EN ISO 9000 ff, CECC) and EFQM criteria. The next objective is certification to QS 9000 and

VDA 6.1.

Siemens Matsushita Components

61

Quality Assurance

1.1

Total quality management and zero defect concept

The strategic aim of Total Quality Management (TQM) is to satisfy the demands made by customers

on products or services in terms of function, quality, punctuality and price/performance.

Based on the principle “quality from the very start”, all instances and persons at S+M Components

are involved in implementing this aim. Systematic planning, careful selection of suppliers and sure

mastery of design and manufacturing processes are the major guarantees of a constantly high qual-

ity standard.

Internal quality promotion measures, such as training, quality groups, quality assurance circles and

Q audits strengthen the feeling of responsibility in all employees, helping them to realize the signif-

icance of defects and thus avoid them.

1)

Modern quality tools such as FMEA, SPC and Zero-Defect Programs with CEDAC diagrams

supplement and support measures for quality assurance and enhancement.

1) FMEA

SPC

Failure Mode and Effects Analyses

Statistical Process Control

CEDAC

Cause and Effect Diagram with Addition of Cards

62

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

1.2

Quality assurance system

In-house quality promotion

measures

Q promotion

programs

Quality

group

activities

Basic

Q circles

Q audits

and further experience

training,

interchange

Q lectures

International and

In-house

rules and

guidelines on

quality assurance

national standards

and regulations

pertaining to

quality assurance

and QA systems

according to:

ISO

Quality

principles

Quality

policy

Quality Assurance

System

IEC

CECC

DIN

and others.

Quality policy of

the business

division

Quality

manuals

Special quality

demands made

by customers

Procedural

guidelines

Product

planning

Acquisi-

tion

Develop-

ment

Procure-

Production

ment

Inspection

Testing

Storage

Dispatch

Product

applications

Quality assurance measures in the creation of the product

Global tasks

Quality cost

assessment

Quality

planning

Quality

reporting

Quality

promotion

Documentation

Siemens Matsushita Components

63

Quality Assurance

2

Quality assurance procedure

The quality department examines capacitors and releases them for production according to the

following criteria:

– compliance with type specifications

– process capability of equipment

– measuring and test technique.

The entire production process – from procurement of parts and materials, through the fabrication

process to final inspection – is accompanied by quality assurance measures. The flow chart (cf. 2.5)

shows the quality inspections stipulated for each individual step.

2.1

Material procurement

The high quality of parts and materials required in the manufacture of high-grade products is

achieved through close co-operation with suppliers. Focal aspects of these quality assurance mea-

sures are the choice and qualification of suppliers, harmonization of specifications, incoming-goods

inspection, quality assessment and problem management.

2.2

Product quality assurance

All essential manufacturing processes are subjected to permanent monitoring. Critical parameters,

in particular, are subjected to statistical process control (SPC).

So-called “QC gates” are planned into the manufacturing process, i.e. there is an inspection for re-

lease at the end of the corresponding step. The continuous monitoring and evaluation of the test

results are used to assess procedures and to determine how well the processes are mastered.

2.3

Final inspection

The capacitors are subjected to a specification-based final inspection. The parameters capacitance

tolerance, dissipation factor / equivalent series resistance, impedance, leakage current and proper-

ties (i.e. mechanical finish) are checked.

2.4

Product monitoring

Our quality assurance department periodically carries out tests on random samples taken from cur-

rent production lots to check climatic resistance, operational reliability, solderability and resistance

to soldering heat in accordance with DIN, CECC and IEC specifications.

64

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

2.5

Manufacturing and quality assurance procedures for chip capacitors

Manufacture

Quality assurance

Inspection of raw materials

and parts

Incoming goods

Quality gate

Pressing and sintering

of anode

Check of weight, length (SPC),

vacuum temperature

CV product grouping

Welding of anode to metal bar

Forming, tempering, pyrolysis

Graphite and silver coating

Mounting on lead frame

Molding, deflashing

Specific charge, leakage current

Check of welding accuracy (SPC),

properties

Check of capacity,

density, properties

Check of immersion depth,

density, viscosity

Check of welding strength (SPC),

properties

Check of process parameters,

properties, solderability

Marking, burn-in 100 % tests of

Check of identity,

properties and electrical parameters

test equipment, test results

Quality gate

Sampling for conformance inspection, taping

Sampling to specification,

clearance (SPC), peel force

with test of C and tan δ, packing

Release for delivery,

identity check

Warehouse, dispatch

Siemens Matsushita Components

65

Quality Assurance

3

Delivery quality

The term “delivery quality” is used to indicate conformance with the mutually agreed specifications

at the time of delivery.

This conformance is monitored and guaranteed by quality assurance through constant sampling

tests. Their accumulated results produce the AOQ (average outgoing quality) figures.

3.1

Random sampling

The AQL (AQL = acceptable quality level) figures given in section 3.3 are based on random sample

inspection specification ISO 2859-1 single sampling plan for normal inspection, inspection level II.

The contents of this standard correspond to MIL STD105 D and IEC 410.

The sampling instructions of this standard are such that a delivered lot will be accepted with a prob-

ability of ≥ 90 % if the percentage of non-conformancies does not exceed the stated AQL figure.

As a rule, the percentage of non-conformancies in deliveries from S+M Components is significantly

below the AQL figure. The acceptance figure we apply to inoperatives, i.e. unusable components

is c =0.

3.2

Classification of inoperatives / non-conformancies

A non-conformancy exists if a component characteristic fails to meet the data sheet specifications

or an agreed delivery specification. Inoperatives are totally unusable components.

Inoperatives:

– short circuit or open circuit

– breakage of terminals or encapsulation

– wrong or missing marking

– wrong marking of terminals

– mixing with other components

– alternating orientation in one tape

Non-conformancies:

– non-conformancies in electrical characteristics

(electrical characteristics outside of specified limits)

– non-conformancies in mechanical properties

(e.g. wrong dimensions, damaged case, illegible marking, bent terminals).

3.3

AQL figures

The following AQL figures apply to the non-conformancies listed above:

– inoperatives (electrical and mechanical)

– sum of electrical non-conformancies

– sum of mechanical non-conformancies

0,065

0,25

3.4

Incoming goods inspection

We recommend the use of a random sampling plan according to ISO 2859-1 (the contents corre-

spond to MIL STD 105 D and IEC 410) for incoming goods inspection.

The test methods to be used are laid down in the relevant standards. Deviations must be agreed by

the customer and the supplier. In case of complaints refer to section 7.

66

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

Single sampling plan for normal inspection – inspection level ll

Excerpt from ISO 2859–1:

Sampling plan

AQL

0,10

AQL

0,15

AQL

0,25

0,065

N = Lot size

2 …

50

90

N-0

50-0

51 …

N or 80-0

80-0

91 …

150

280

500

N or 125-0

125-0

50-0

151 …

281 …

N or 200-0

200-0

80-0

50-0

125-0

80-0

50-0

501 … 1 200

1 201 … 3 200

3 201 … 10 000

10 001 … 35 000

200-0

125-0

80-0

50-0

200-0

125-0

80-0

200-1

315-2

200-0

125-0

315-1

200-0

500-1

Columns 2 to 5:

Left-hand figure = sample size

Right-hand figure = acceptable inoperatives/non-conformancies

Classification of

inoperatives/non-conformancies: cf. paragraph 3.2

Constant improvement of our performance is a primary objective, especially optimization of product

quality in close cooperation between producer and user. For this purpose we offer our customers

the possibility of quality assurance agreeements.

4

Service life

The service life is defined as the time that passes before a given failure percentage is attained for

the respective component. The failure percentage is the ratio of the number of failures to the total

number of inspected capacitors of the respective type. The service life depends on the defect crite-

ria applied and on the operating conditions, i.e. on the electrical and thermal stress to which the ca-

pacitor is subjected.

The service life values stated in this data book have been established by carrying out endurance

tests and accelerated tests (e.g. increased temperature). They refer to an ambient temperature of

40 ˚C, rated voltage and a circuit resistance of ≥ 3 Ω/V.

The service life increases:

– with decreasing ambient temperatures,

– with decreasing superimposed ac voltage,

– with decreasing operating voltage/rated voltage ratios

– with increasing circuit resistance (cf. paragraphs 5.3, 5.4)

– with decreasing operating temperature ( cf. paragraph 5.3 and figure 2)

Siemens Matsushita Components

67

Quality Assurance

4.1

Failure criteria

Inoperatives: short-circuit or open circuit

Failure due to variation, i.e. unsatisfactory electrical characteristics:

.

> 5 I + 5 µA

lk

– I

– Z

– tan δ

– ∆C

–

> 3 times the initial limit value

> 1,5 times the initial limit value

for V ≤ 16 V: + 10 … – 20 %

for V > 16 V: + 10 … – 10 %

beyond (initial) tolerances

5

Reliability

Data on long-term reliability under severe or moderate operating conditions are gained from endur-

ance tests which are carried out continuously. The data are based on the failures registered for ca-

pacitors under a defined load, and long-term reliability of the individual types tested is based on a

confidence level of 60%. Our reliability data result from very large numbers of component operating

hours.

5.1

Failure rate (long-term failure rate)

The failure rate is defined as the failure percentage divided by a specified operating period. The

9

failure rate is expressed in fit (failures in 10 component hours) or as percentage of failures in

1000 hours.

-9

.

1 fit = 1 10 /h (fit = failure in time)

Example of a failure rate λ

determined by a useful life test:

test

1) Number of components tested

2) Operating hours

N = 8 000

= 25 000 h

t

b

3) Number of failures

n = 2

n

N

1

2

1

λ_test

=

= 10 fit = 0,001 %/1000 h.

--- ----

t _b

------------ -------------------

8000 25000h

Failure rate specifications must include failure criteria, operating conditions and ambient conditions.

68

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

Usually the failure rate of components, when plotted against time, shows a characteristic curve with

the following two periods:

I : early failure period, ll: service period

Early failure period

Period in which failure rate is constant

Fig. 1 Failure rate periods

Due to the 100 % burn-in tests, the early failure period (phase l) will coincide with the manufacturing

process. Because of this, the failure rate relates to the service period (phase II). In phase II, an

almost constant failure rate λ can be expected, with a slight tendency to decrease with time.

0

5.2

Failure rate values

The failure rate (specified on page 19) refers to the following conditions.

Electrical load:

Operation at rated voltage

Circuit resistance ≥ 3 Ω/V

Climatic conditions:

Ambient temperature 40 ˚C, climatic class 3K3 in accordance with IEC 721,

non-corrosive atmosphere

Mechanical stress:

Class 3M3 in accordance with IEC 721

Service period:

Phase II as shown in figure 1.

Siemens Matsushita Components

69

Quality Assurance

These reference conditions do not always correspond to actual application conditions. For real ap-

plications, the failure rate must therefore be calculated as follows:

λ = λ_refπ_Vπ_Tπ_Rs

λ

π

Failure rate under reference conditions

Factor for voltage dependence

Factor for temperature dependence

Factor for dependence on circuit resistance

ref

V

T

Rs

5.3

Failure rate conversion factors

The failure percentage and failure rate are affected by the ambient temperature, the V /V ratio,

op

R

and, for capacitors with solid electrolyte, by the circuit resistance. These values increase with incre-

asing ambient temperatures, and they are decreased by lowering the V /V ratio and increasing

op

R

the circuit resistance.

Conversion factors for taking into account the effects of ambient temperature and operating voltage

on the failure rate within the service life can be deduced from the table below or from the graph in

figure 2 (guideline values).

V

/V

0,2

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,8

1

op

R

-4

-3

-2

π

3,5 · 10

2,4 · 10

6,5 · 10

1,7 · 10

0,13

V

T/°C

20

40

1

60

85

10

105

49

125

250

π

0,5

2,2

T

Circuit resistance

· V /µC

Ω/V

≥ 3

1

0,3

3,5

6,1

≤ 0,1

5

π

C

≤ 330

> 330

2

Rs

R

1

2,8

12

70

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

.

V_op

V_R

Fig. 2 Conversion factors for the failure rate

5.4

Effect of the circuit resistance (series resistance) on the failure rate of tantalum

electrolytic capacitors with solid electrolytes

The employment of a certain series resistance is not a necessary condition for problem-free use of

tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte. However, it is possible to influence the service life by the

series resistance value.

The failure rates specified in this book are based on circuits containing a series resistance (circuit

resistance). In addition to the temperature and applied voltage, the series resistance too has an ef-

fect on the failure rate. The circuit resistance is defined as the total resistance as seen from the ca-

pacitor in the direction of the voltage source. It is the sum of the internal resistance of the voltage

source, the wiring resistance and any additional resistors connected in series.

The circuit resistance is only of importance when there are localized dielectric breakdowns in the

capacitor due to overloads. In such cases the circuit resistance limits the current and permits a self-

healing of the capacitor. Tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte have the ability to regenerate

and heal internal defects.

The self-healing effect can only be successful if the breakdown occurs in a small area and if the

energy dissipation in that area is limited while regeneration is taking place. If these conditions are

not given, localized overheating may occur, leading to an expansion of the defect area and thus ren-

dering regeneration impossible. While this self-healing process is taking place, the circuit resistance

keeps the energy supply to a tolerable level, since the highly conductive solid electrolyte can take

over this function only to a certain extent.

Thus the circuit resistance has a decisive effect on the self-healing process and, as a result, on the

failure rate. The respective CECC standards contain corresponding information and data.

Siemens Matsushita Components

71

Quality Assurance

A current limit of approximately 300 mA (for limiting the energy dissipation) has been found to be

suitable for enabling an effective self-healing process. This corresponds to a circuit resistance of

3 Ω/V. If the circuit resistance is lower, thus impairing the conditions for self-healing in the case of

localized dielectric breakdown, then the failure rate increases, as expressed by the larger factors.

In extreme cases, i.e. where the resistance approaches zero (≤ 0,1 Ω/V), the failure rate may in-

crease to factor of approximately ten, depending on the case size.

5.5

Example of how to calculate the failure rate

Given:

ambient temperature

operating voltage

circuit resistance

T

V

R

= 60 ˚C

= 25 Vdc

≤ 0,1 Ω/V

A

op

S

capacitor used (e. g. B 45 196-E):

C

= 1 µF

R

V

= 50 Vdc

R

failure rate = ≤ 3 fit under reference conditions.

V _op

For

and T =60 ˚C, a conversion factor of approximately 0,015 is deduced from

= 0, 5

---------

V _R

A

figure 2 on page 71. The same value is obtained from the table on page 70 by multiplying π · π .

V

T

For a circuit resistance of ≤ 0,1 Ω/V and C · V /µC ≤ 330 the table gives a conversion factor of 5.

R

–9

.

Calculated failure rate: λ = 3 10 failures/h 0,015 5 = 0,23 10 failures/h = 0,23 fit.

5.6 Failure rate for B 45 194

As already explained, the failure rate varies with the operating conditions (ambient temperature, ap-

plied voltage, circuit resistance, application circuits etc.). Select the capacitors to obtain an ade-

quate safety margin by fully examining the operating conditions.

The failure rate of B 45194 capacitors is given as percentage in 1000 hours and refers to rated volt-

age applied at 85 °C. Check the design objective with the following formula for the failure rate:

λ_op= λ_85oCK _tK _sr

λ

Predicted failure rate at operating conditions

Failure rate level at rated voltage and 85 °C:

1%/1000 h

op

85oC

V _op

K

Multiplying factor of failure rate as a function of maximum temperature and

see figure 3

,

---------

V _R

t

Multiplying factor of failure rate as a function of cicuit resistance (Ω/V), see figure 4

sr

72

Siemens Matsushita Components

Quality Assurance

Fig. 3 Multiplying factor of failure rate

versus temperature and voltage

Fig. 4 Multiplying factor of failure rate

versus circuit resistance

Always consider safety when designing equipment and circuits. Plan for worst case failure modes

such as short circuits and open circuits which could occur during use.

– Provide protection circuits and protection devices to allow safe failure modes.

– Design redundant and secondary circuits where possible to assure continued operation in case

of main circuit failure.

6

Supplementary information

The specification of quality data – which always refer to a fairly large number of components – does

not constitute a guarantee of characteristics or properties in the legal sense. However, agreement

on these specifications does not mean that the customer may not claim for replacement of individual

defective capacitors within the terms of delivery. S + M Components cannot, however, assume any

further liability beyond the replacement of defective components. This applies in particular to any

further consequences of component failure.

Furthermore, it must be taken into consideration that the figures stated for service life and failure

rate refer to the average production status and are therefore to be understood as mean values (sta-

tistical expectations) for a large number of delivery lots of identical capacitors. These figures are

based on application experience and on data obtained from preceding tests under normal con-

ditions, or – for purposes of accelerated aging – more severe conditions.

Siemens Matsushita Components

73

Quality Assurance

7

Handling of claims and complaints

A main aim of our quality assurance system is to prevent any faults occurring. The following details

will help us to respond quickly to any complaints which you may need to make:

a) Non-conformancies (inoperatives) in incoming goods

– Description of non-conformancy

– Test method / circuit

– Sample size

– Number of non-conforming units found

– Proof unit

– Packing slip

b) Non-conformancies (inoperatives) in production or operation

– Description of non-conformancy

– When and how was the non-conformancy detected

– Operating conditions

– Length of operation before non-conformancy occured

– Details as under a) if possible and applicable.

If transport damage has occurred, please describe it in detail and, if possible, mark it so that it can

be distinguished from any other damage that may occur when the articles are returned. The original

packing should also be examined and damage discovered should be described. To avoid further

damage, please use the original packing, wherever possible, to return the articles being claimed for.

74

Siemens Matsushita Components

Measuring and Test Conditions

1

Test conditions selected from IEC 60-384-1

Endurance

l∆C/Cl

tan δ

≤ 10 % of initial value

≤ limit value

2000 h at +85 ˚C or

2000 h at +125 ˚C

at reduced voltage

.

(in part 1,5 limit value)

.

I

≤ 1,25 initial limit value

lk20˚C

.

(in part 2 limit value)

Of 25 tested capacitors, only one, at the most, may

exceed the specified values.

Storage at high temperature

l∆C/Cl

tan δ

≤ 10 % of initial value

≤ 1,5 limit value

≤ limit value

.

without voltage applied

5000 h at +85 ˚C

I

lk20˚C

*)

Damp heat, steady state

Severity 4:

40 (±2) ˚C; 93 (+2/-3) % relative

in accordance with IEC 68-2-3

humidity;

*) Increased test severity for chip capacitors

B 45 196-P, see below

Duration:

56 days

l∆C/Cl

tan δ

≤ 5 % of initial value

≤ 1,2 limit value

.

I

≤ initial limit value

lk20˚C

Vibration

Frequency range: 10 … 2000 Hz

Amplitude:

1,5 mm

(max. 196 m/s i.e. 20 g)

Test Fc in accordance with IEC 68-2-6

2

Test duration: 6 h

Peak load :

2

Shock

981 m/s i.e. 100 g

Test Ea in accordance with IEC 68-2-27

2

Tests with more stringent conditions than specified by CECC and IECQ

for B 45 196-P

Damp heat, steady state

Parameter changes:

85 (+2) ˚C, 85 … 90 % relative humidity,

1000 h, at rated voltage

l∆C/Cl

tan δ

≤ 10 % of initial value

.

≤ 2 initial limit value

.

I

≤ 10 initial limit value

lk20˚C

Rapid change of temperature

100 cycles, −55 ˚C/+125 ˚C/30 min

l∆C/Cl

tan δ

≤ 3 % of initial value

≤ initial limit value

I

lk20˚C

Measuring and test conditions only apply to B 45 194 if explicitly stated.

Please contact your nearest Siemens Office for Passive Components if you need further

information.

!

Siemens Matsushita Components

75

Soldering Conditions

1

Tests

Wetting

Solder

Bath temperature Immersion time

in accordance with IEC 68-2-58

SnPb 60/40

235 (± 5) ˚C

215 (± 3) ˚C

2 (± 0,2) s

3 (± 0,3) s

Preconditioning:

Immersion in F-SW 31 flux

Assessment criterion:

Wetting of terminals ≥ 95 %

(except for cutting and bending edges)

Resistance to soldering heat

in accordance with IEC 68-2-58

Solder

Bath temperature Immersion time

260 (± 5) ˚C 10 (± 0,5) s

SnPb 60/40

Preconditioning:

Immersion in F-SW 32 flux

Assessment criterion

l∆C/Cl

tan δ

≤ 3 % of initial value

≤ initial limit value

I

lk20˚C

Resistance to soldering heat

of B 45 194

Solder

Bath temperature Immersion time

260 (± 5) ˚C 5 (± 1) s

SnPb 60/40

76

Siemens Matsushita Components

Soldering Conditions

2

Recommended solder pad layouts

Case size

Soldering process

Dimensions (mm)

R

S

T

U

Z

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

1,2

1,1

0,8

1,0

3,2

2,6

P

A

B

C

D

E

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

1,6

2,6

1,5

1,3

6,5

4,3

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

1,6

1,5

1,9

1,5

1,2

0,8

5,0

3,8

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

2,7

2,5

2,0

1,5

1,1

5,5

4,1

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

2,7

2,5

2,8

2,0

3,0

2,6

8,6

6,6

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

2,9

2,7

2,9

2,0

4,4

3,9

10,2

7,9

Wave soldering

Reflow soldering

2,9

2,7

2,9

2,0

4,4

3,9

10,2

7,9

Siemens Matsushita Components

77

Soldering Conditions

3

Recommended soldering temperature profiles for chip capacitors

(in accordance with CECC 00802 Edition 2)

Vapor phase soldering

Chamber (batch) process with preheating. Temperature at component terminal applies

Temperature

Normal curve

Limit curves

20 to 40 s

External preheating

Accelerated cooling

Internal preheating

(by secondary vapor)

time

Conveyor (continuous) process with preheating. Temperature at component terminal applies

Temperature

Normal curve

Limit curves

20 to 40 s

Forced cooling

External preheating

100˚C

Internal preheating

e.g. infrared max. 2 K/s

time

78

Siemens Matsushita Components

Soldering Conditions

Wave soldering

Temperature curve at component terminal during dual wave soldering

Temperature

Normal curve

Limit curves

235 ˚C to 260 ˚C

First wave

Second wave

100 ˚C to 130 ˚C

Forced

cooling

approx. 200 K/s

time

Infrared reflow soldering

Temperature curve at component terminal in infrared soldering

Temperature

approx.

approx.40s

Normal curve

Limit curves

time

Siemens Matsushita Components

79

Soldering Conditions

4

Recommended soldering temperature profiles for B 45 194

Wave soldering

The components are fixed to the board with adhesive, and are directly dipped into the solder bath.

● When component mounting density is high, solderability may be decreased.

Take notice to drain gas.

● Preheat for 2 minutes at 160 °C.

Cool after soldering

80

Siemens Matsushita Components

Soldering Conditions

Reflow soldering

Time at 200°C or more

(Main heating part)

➀ Temperature rising part I

Ordinary temperature to preheating part

➁ Preheating part

➂ Temperature rising part II

Preheating part to 200 °C

➃ Main heating part

Refer to figure on next page

➄ Cooling part

200 to 100 °C

The components and the board are heated by an hot blast oven or an infrared radiation oven.

● Measure temperature at the component surface.

● Do not perform reflow more than twice.

Please consult supplier for vapor phase soldering conditions.

Siemens Matsushita Components

81

Taping, Packing and Weights

1

Taping

Chip capacitors are taped and reeled in accordance with IEC 286-3. Sizes Z, P, A and B are sup-

plied in 8-mm blister tapes, sizes C, D and E in 12-mm blister tapes. The tapes and reels are anti-

static. The position of the positive pole is shown in the outline drawing below.

Tape dimensions and tolerances

Section A-A

KTA0065-C

Direction of unreeling

Dimensions

(mm)

Case size

Z

P

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

± 0,2

1,35

2,2

1,9

3,5

1,9

3,5

3,3

3,8

3,7

6,5

4,7

7,7

4,7

7,7

1

± 0,2

D

+ 0,1/−0

1,5

1,0

4,0

2,0

1,5

1,0

4,0

2,0

1,5

1,0

4,0

2,0

1,5

1,0

4,0

2,0

1,5

4,0

8,0

2,0

1,5

4,0

8,0

2,0

1,5

4,0

8,0

2,0

0

D min.

1

1)

P

± 0,1

0

1

2

± 0,05

W

E ± 0,1

F

± 0,3

8,0

1,75

3,5

8,0

1,75

3,5

8,0

1,75

3,5

8,0

1,75

3,5

12,0

1,75

5,5

12,0

1,75

5,5

12,0

1,75

5,5

± 0,05

G min.

0,75

T ± 0,05

0,25

1,9

1,5

0,25

1,9

1,5

0,25

2,3

1,9

0,25

2,6

2,2

0,3

3,3

3,0

0,3

3,6

3,3

0,3

4,8

4,5

1

T max.

2

K

± 0,1

0

1) 0,2 mm over 10 sprocket hole spaces

Siemens Matsushita Components

83

Taping, Packing and Weights

2

Packing

Dimensions (mm)

A

Reel

180 mm diameter

330 mm diameter

180 ± 0,5

330 ± 0,5

B

C

D

E

62,5 – 2,5

13,0 ± 0,5

22,0 ± 1,0

2,0 ± 0,5

62,0 ± 1,5

12,75 + 0,15/−0

21,0 ± 0,5

2,0 + 0,5/−0

W

(8-mm tape)

(12-mm tape)

8,4 + 0,2/−0

12,4 + 0,2/−0

1

2

W

(8-mm tape)

(12-mm tape)

11,0 ± 0,1

15,0 ± 0,1

8,4 + 0,2/−0

12,4 + 0,2/−0

3

Packing units and weights

Case size

Taped; pieces/reel

Approx. weight

per capacitor

1)

180 mm diameter

330 mm diameter

g

Z

3000

2000

750

—

0, 008

0,02

0,06

0,09

0,20

0,35

0,50

P

A

B

C

D

E

—

9000

8000

3000

2800

1800

750

400

1) Guideline values, possible deviations of up to approximately ± 30 %

84

Siemens Matsushita Components

Subject Index

final inspection

fit

FMEA

64

68

62

A

ac power dissipation

anode

AQL figures

52

43

66

I

B

IEC climatic category

impedance

incoming goods inspection

incorrect polarity

inherent voltage

inoperatives

58

50

66

47

66

61

back-to-back circuit

basic construction

47

43

C

capacitance

48

49

48

57

43

62

49

71

74

58

ISO 9000

frequency dependence

temperature dependence

capacitance tolerance

category temperature

cathode

CEDAC diagram

charge-discharge proof

circuit resistance

L

leakage current

after storage

measurement of ...

temperature dependence

time dependence

voltage dependence

55

57

56

55

56

55

claims and complaints

cleaning agents

M

D

material procurement

maximum continuous voltage

maximum ripple current

mounting

64

45

52

58

damp heat

75

57

66

43

60

54

damp heat conditions

delivery quality

dielectric

disposal of old capacitors

dissipation factor

N

non-conformancies

66

E

O

EN ISO 9001

end of use

endurance

equivalent circuit diagram

equivalent series resistance

61

60

75

50

operating voltage

ordering code

46

60

P

packing

packing units

59, 84

84

F

part number

polarity

polarity reversal voltage

power dissipation

product monitoring

product quality assurance

60

44

47

53

64

failure criteria

failure percentage

failure rate

calculation examples

conversion factors

values

68

67

68

72

70

69

86

Siemens Matsushita Components

Subject Index

Q

W

weights

84

62

quality assurance

61

64

quality assurance procedure

quality assurance procedures

chip capacitors

quality assurance system

quality data

Z

65

63

73

zero defects concept

R

random sampling

rated capacitance

rated voltage

recharging

reliability

66

48

45

47

68

57

resistance to climatic stress

S

series back-to-back connection

series resistance

service life

shock

solder pad layouts

soldering tests

47

71

67

75

77

76

62

58

44

64

58

75

52

46

SPC

standard barcode label

standards

statistical process control

storage and transportation temperatures

storage test

superimposed alternating voltage

surge voltage

T

taping

83

48

57

48

62

46

temperature coefficient, positive

temperature range

tolerance at delivery

total quality management

transient voltages

V

vibration

voltages

75

45

Siemens Matsushita Components

87

Symbols and Terms

Symbol

C

English

German

Capacitance

Kapazität

C

∆C

∆C/∆C

C

Rated capacitance

Capacitance change

Capacitance tolerance

Series capacitance

Capacitance at frequency f

Nennkapazität

R

Kapazitätsänderung

Kapazitätstoleranz

Serienkapazität

Kapazität bei Frequenz f

R

S

f

ESL

ESR

Self-inductance

Eigeninduktivität

Equivalent series resistance

at temperature T

Ersatz-Serienwiderstand

bei Temperatur T

T

f

Frequency

Frequenz

I

Current

Strom

Iac

Alternating current

Alternating current at frequency f

Leakage current

Wechselstrom

Wechselstrom bei Frequenz f

Reststrom

I

f

lk

P

R

T

Power dissipation

Verlustleistung

Series resistance (circuit resistance) Serienwiderstand (Schaltkreiswiderstand)

S

Temperature

Temperatur

T

t

Upper category temperature

Lower category temperature

Ambient temperature

Time

Obere Grenztemperatur (Kategorietemperatur)

Untere Grenztemperatur (Kategorietemperatur)

Umgebungstemperatur

Zeit

max

min

A

t

Operating time

Betriebszeit

op

V

Voltage

Spannung

Vac

AC voltage

Wechselspannung

Dauergrenzspannung

Formierspannung

Betriebsspannung

Nennspannung

V

Max. continuous voltage

Forming voltage

Operating voltage

Rated voltage

Reverse voltage

Surge voltage

cont

F

op

R

Umpolspannung

Spitzenspannung

rev

S

Z

Impedance

Scheinwiderstand

Z

Impedance at temperature T

Scheinwiderstand bei Temperatur T

T

tan δ

Dissipation factor

Dissipation factor at temperature T

Dissipation factor at frequency f

Verlustfaktor

Verlustfaktor bei Temperatur T

Verlustfaktor bei Frequenz f

T

f

88

Siemens Matsushita Components

Symbols and Terms

Symbol

English

German

.

–9

.

–9

λ

Failure rate (1 fit = 1 10 failures/h) Ausfallrate (1 fit = 1 10 Ausfälle/h)

Factors for failure rate calculation:

Factor for voltage dependence

Factor for temperature dependence

Factor for dependence on circuit

resistance

Faktoren zur Berechnung der Ausfallrate:

Faktor für Spannungsabhängigkeit

Factor für Temperaturabhängigkeit

Faktor für Abhängigkeit vom Schaltkreis-

widerstand

π

V

T

Rs

Decimal points are indicated by commas.

Siemens Matsushita Components

89


型号：	B45196-E1226-J0309
厂家：	KEMET CORPORATION
描述：	CAPACITOR, TANTALUM, SOLID, POLARIZED, 6.3V, 22uF, SURFACE MOUNT, CHIP
文件：	总89页 (文件大小：1791K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

B45196-E1226-J0309 [KEMET]

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