MAX16141_V01 [MAXIM]
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage and Current Circuit Breaker;
| 型号： | MAX16141_V01 |
| 厂家： | 
MAXIM INTEGRATED PRODUCTS |
| 描述： | 3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage and Current Circuit Breaker |
| 文件： | 总24页 (文件大小：575K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
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3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with
Voltage and Current Circuit Breaker
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
General Description
Applications
The MAX16141/MAX16141A ideal diode controllers pro-
vide system protection against a variety of system faults,
such as reverse current, reverse voltage, overcurrent, in-
put overvoltage/undervoltage, and overtemperature condi-
tions. The wide operating voltage range of 3.5V to 36V,
combined with 5μA (typ) of shutdown current, make the
MAX16141/MAX16141A ideal for automotive applications.
An integrated charge pump drives the gate of the back-to-
back external nFETs 9V (typ) above the source connec-
tion, minimizing power loss between the source and the
load.
● Automotive Power Systems
● Network/Telecom Power Systems
● RAID Systems
● Servers
● PoE Systems
Benefits and Features
● Wide Voltage Range
• 3.5V to 36V Operating Voltage Range
• -36V to +60V Input Protection Voltage Range
● Eliminates Discrete Diode Power Dissipation
● 5μA (typ) Shutdown Mode Current Reduces Battery
Drain
● Sleep Mode Provides up to 400μA Load Current
● TERM Switch Reduces Power Consumption
● Isolates Failed Supply from Load
A
fast-acting comparator allows the MAX16141/
MAX16141A to block reverse-current flow within 1μs
(max) of the input falling below the output voltage. An ex-
ternal current-sense resistor between RS and OUT pro-
vides overload monitoring capability. Two input pins,
OVSET and UVSET, provide set points to protect against
input overvoltage and undervoltage events using a simple
resistive-divider.
• Bidirectional Current Blocking on Open
• Bidirectional Voltage Blocking on Open
● Current Protection
During startup, the MAX16141/MAX16141A monitor the
• Factory-Adjustable Overcurrent Trip Thresholds
• Factory-Adjustable Reverse-Current Trip
Thresholds
voltage drop across the external nFETs (V - V
) and
IN
OUT
the load current for overcurrent fault to ensure V
is
OUT
greater than 0.9 x V . Once the startup event is complete,
IN
● Resistor Adjustable Overvoltage and Undervoltage
Trip Thresholds
● Automotive Qualified
the MAX16141/MAX16141A are ready to protect against
systems faults. During normal operation, some systems
experience brownouts or short interruptions of power. To
ensure smooth system recovery from these interruptions,
the MAX16141/MAX16141A include a secondary power
• Operates down to +3.5V, Riding out Cold-Crank
Conditions
• -40°C to +125°C Operating Temperature Range
input (V ) to keep critical circuits alive. When the main
CC
input power recovers, the MAX16141/MAX16141A enable
the gate in fast mode (70μs, max) to charge the output ca-
pacitor.
● N-Channel MOSFET Gate Driver of V + 9V
IN
● Fault Output
• UVLO, OVLO, Overcurrent, Reverse-Current,
Battery Reversal, and Thermal Shutdown
• AEC-Q100 Qualified MAX16141AAF/V+T
Both devices feature a low-power mode that is enabled
with a logic input. In low-power mode the devices allow
limited current flow from source to the load. For the
MAX16141, the low-power mode is enabled using an ac-
tive-low logic input, SLEEP. For the MAX16141A, the low-
power mode is activated using an active-high logic input
(SLEEP).
Additional features include an internal switch that isolates
the monitoring from the UVSET and OVSET resistive net-
work in shutdown mode to help minimize system power
loss.
The MAX16141/MAX16141A are available in a 4mm x
4mm x 0.75mm, 16-pin TQFN package and operate over
the automotive temperature range of -40°C to +125°C.
19-100342; Rev 8; 1/22
Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet.
© 2022 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Analog Way, Wilmington, MA 01887 U.S.A. | Tel: 781.329.4700 | © 2022 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Typical Application Circuit
R
SENSE
Q1
Q2
V
IN
V
OUT
C
OUT
0.1µF
100Ω
IN GATE
SRC
RS
OUT
D1
10kΩ
V
CC
µC
0.33µF
FAULT
SHDN
TERM
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
SLEEP/
SLEEP
R1
UVSET
OVSET
GRC
GFC
R2
R3
10kΩ
GND
10kΩ
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Analog Devices | 2
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Absolute Maximum Ratings
IN
V
to GND.............................................................. -36V to +60V
Continuous Sink/Source Current (all pins except FAULT).±20mA
FAULT Continuous Sink/Source Current.............................±5mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TQFN 16-Pin derate 25mW/°C
above +70°C.)........................................................... to 2000mW
Operating Temperature Range...........................-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature.......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ..............................-60°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering 10s)....................................+300°C
V
CC
, SHDN, FAULT, RS OUT to GND ................. -0.3V to +60V
RS, OUT to GND.................................................... -0.3V to +60V
to V , V to SHDN, V to TERM ................. -45V to +60V
V
IN
CC IN
IN
SRC, GATE to GND ................................................ -36V to +50V
SRC to GATE, RS to OUT....................................... -36V to +36V
V
IN
to V
............................................................. -60V to +60V
OUT
TERM to V
............................................................ -60V to +1V
CC
º
SLEEP, OVSET, UVSET, GRC, GFC, to GND ........ -0.3V to +6V
Soldering Temperature (reflow) ........................................ +260 C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
Package Information
16-TQFN
Package Code
T1644+4A
21-0139
90-0070
Outline Number
Land Pattern Number
THERMAL RESISTANCE, SINGLE-LAYER BOARD
Junction to Ambient (θ
)
59.30°C/W
6°C/W
JA
Junction to Case (θ
)
JC
THERMAL RESISTANCE, FOUR-LAYER BOARD
Junction to Ambient (θ
)
40
6
JA
Junction to Case (θ
)
JC
16-TQFN
Package Code
T1644Y+4
21-100267
90-0070
Outline Number
Land Pattern Number
THERMAL RESISTANCE, FOUR-LAYER BOARD
Junction to Ambient (θ
)
40°C/W
6°C/W
JA
Junction to Case (θ
)
JC
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages.
Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different
suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a
four-layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/
thermal-tutorial.
Electrical Characteristics
(V = 12V, C
= 7nF, C
= 0.33μF, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T = +25°C. All
IN
GATE-SRC
VCC
A
A
specs are subject to change.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
Operating range
CC
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Input Voltage Range
V
IN
and V
3.5
36
V
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Analog Devices | 3
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(V = 12V, C
IN
= 7nF, C
= 0.33μF, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T = +25°C. All
GATE-SRC
VCC
A
A
specs are subject to change.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Input Protection Voltage
Range
V
IN
-36
+60
V
INPUT SUPPLY CURRENT
V
V
= high, V = V
= V
= V
= 12V
=
2.0
2.1
3.8
4.0
SHDN
IN
SRC
SRC
OUT
mA
= high, V = V
SHDN
IN
OUT
36V
Input Supply Current
I
IN
V
V
= low, V = 12V
5
6
10
15
SHDN
IN
μA
μA
= low, V = 36V
SHDN
IN
Sleep Mode Supply
Current
I
Internal PFET on, charge pump off
10
1
15
SLEEP
SRC Input Current
I
V
V
= 12V, SHDN = high
rising
2
mA
V
SRC
IN
Undervoltage Lockout
UVLO
3.3
IN
OVSET/UVSET Input
Current
1.5
μA
V
OVSET/UVSET
Threshold
V
IN
rising
0.485
0.5
0.515
OVSET Threshold
Hysteresis
MAX16141AAF, MAX16141AAAF,
MAX16141ADF/V, MAX16141BAF/V
0.05 x
V
V
V
OV_HYS
V
OV_TH
0.2 x
UV_TH
0.7
UVSET Threshold
Hysteresis
MAX16141AAF, MAX16141AAAF,
MAX16141ADF/V, MAX16141BAF/V
V
UV_HYS
V
TERM On-Resistance
Startup Response Time
R
1.3
kΩ
μs
TERM
t
450
10
SU
OVSET to GATE Prop
Delay
V
rising from (V
+ 100mV)
- 100mV) to
+ 100mV)
- 100mV)
OVSET
TH_OV
μs
μs
μs
(V
TH_OV
falling from (V
UVSET
UVSET to GATE Prop
Delay
V
UV_TH
OV_TH
20
to (V
- 100mV)
UV_TH
OVSET to FAULT Prop
Delay
V
rising from (V
OVSET
t
0.3
OV
to (V
+ 100mV)
OV_TH
GATE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
V
-1μA
= V
= V
= 3.5V, I
=
IN
SRC
OUT
GATE
5
6.3
8
GATE Output Voltage
V
IN
V
IN
V
IN
= V
= V
= V
= V
= V
= V
= 12V, I
= 24V, I
= 36V, I
= -1μA
= -1µA
= -1µA
8
7
9
8.5
8
11
11
11
V
GS
SRC
SRC
SRC
OUT
OUT
OUT
GATE
GATE
GATE
V
High Above V
SRC
6.25
GATE Charge Pump
Current
I
V
IN
= V
= V = 12V
SRC
1200
μA
V
GATE
GATE
SHDN, SLEEP Logic-
High Input Voltage
V
IH
1.4
6
SHDN, SLEEP Logic-
Low Input Voltage
V
IL
0.4
1.2
V
SHDN Input Pulse Width
t
μs
μA
PW_SHDN
SHDN Input Pulldown
Current
I
0.1
SPD
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Analog Devices | 4
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(V = 12V, C
IN
= 7nF, C
= 0.33μF, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T = +25°C. All
VCC A A
GATE-SRC
specs are subject to change.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
FAULT sinking 1mA
MIN
TYP
MAX
0.4
UNITS
FAULT Ouput Voltage
Low
V
V
OL
IL
FAULT Leakage Current
OUT Input Resistance
I
V
= 12V
0.5
μA
FAULT
R
OUT
4
MΩ
REVERSE-CURRENT THRESHOLD
V
< V
(MAX16141AAF,
OUT
IN
7
10
40
14
52
Reverse-Current
Threshold Voltage
MAX16141AAAF, MAX16141BAF/V)
V
REV
mV
μs
V
IN
< V (MAX16141ADF/V)
30
OUT
Reverse Current-
Blocking Response
Time
t
Overdrive threshold voltage = 40mV
0.3
1
REV
Gate rise from
100Ω from GATE
to gate of the
MOSFETs
Fast Reverse Recovery
Turn-On Time (Note 2)
GND to V
+
SRC
t
70
μs
REV_FAST
3.5V, C
= 7nF
GS
(Note 1)
OVERCURRENT THRESHOLDS
MAX16141(A)A__
MAX16141(A)B__
MAX16141(A)C__
MAX16141(A)D__
22.5
45
25
50
27.5
55
Overcurrent Threshold
(Note 2)
V
mV
μs
(RS-OUT)
67.5
90
75
82.5
110
100
Comparator overdrive = 40mV, response
time is measured from overcurrent event
to FAULT pulling low
Overcurrent Response
Time
0.5
°
Thermal Shutdown
TH
+145
15
C
SHDN
Thermal Shutdown
Hysteresis
TH
°C
V
SHDN_HYS
Power-OK Threshold
V
V
rising
falling
0.9 x V
OUT
IN
0.87 x
Power-OK Threshold
V
OUT
V
IN
GATE RAMP RATE CONTROL CURRENT
R
= 10kΩ, gate rising from ground to
GRC
10
20
40
SRC + 3.5V
R
GRC
= 20kΩ, gate rising from ground to
Gate Rise Time
ms
SRC + 3.5V
R
GRC
= 40kΩ, gate rising from ground to
SRC + 3.5V
GATE RAMP DOWN
R
(V
= 20kΩ, GATE is falling from
GFC
200
100
+ 8V) to V
SRC
SRC
Gate Fall Time
μs
A
R
GFC
= 10kΩ, GATE falling from (V
+
SRC
8V) to V
SRC
Active during reverse bias detection to
achieve 1μs (max) response time
GATE Pulldown Current
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0.280
Analog Devices | 5
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Note 1: Tested with MOSFETs, NVD6824NL.
Note 2: Guaranteed by design and bench characterization.
Note 3: Specifications with minimum and maximum limits are 100% production tested at T = +25°C and are guaranteed over the
A
operating temperature range by design and characterization. Actual typical values may vary and are not guaranteed.
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 6
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Typical Operating Characteristics
(V = V
IN
= 12V, C
= 0.33μF, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.)
VCC A
CC
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Analog Devices | 7
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V = V
IN
= 12V, C
= 0.33μF, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.)
VCC A
CC
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Analog Devices | 8
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Pin Configuration
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
12
11
10
9
8
OUT
RS
13
GRC
GND
14
7
6
MAX16141
MAX16141A
15
16
UVSET
OVSET
SRC
EP
4
GATE
5
1
3
2
16-TQFN
(SLEEP) ONLY FOR THE MAX16141A
Pin Descriptions
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
Sense Input. Bypass IN with a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor to GND.
Auxiliary Power Input. V provides power to the MAX16141/MAX16141A during a short
1
IN
CC
2
3
4
5
V
interruption of power at IN. Connect V
ground.
to IN through a diode and 0.33μF bypass capacitor to
CC
CC
Active-Low Shutdown Input. Drive SHDN low to drive GATE low and TERM to high-impedance
state. Drive SHDN high for normal operation.
SHDN
TERM
OVSET
UVSET/OVSET Voltage-Divider Termination Output. TERM is internally connected to V
a switch. Connect TERM to the high-side of the UVSET/OVSET resistive-divider network for
undervoltage and overvoltage settings. TERM remains off during sleep mode.
through
CC
Overvoltage Threshold Adjustment Input. Connect a resistive-divider from TERM to OVSET and
GND to set the overvoltage threshold.
Undervoltage Threshold Adjustment Input. Connect a resistive-divider from TERM to UVSET and
GND to set the undervoltage threshold.
6
7
8
UVSET
GND
Ground
Gate Rise Control Input. Connect a resistor from GRC to ground to set the gate rise time. See the
Electrical Characteristics table for appropriate resistor values.
GRC
Gate Fall Control Input. A resistor from GFC to ground allows the MAX16141/MAX16141A to
disable the gate slower in the event of an overvoltage fault. See the Electrical Characteristics table
for appropriate resistor values.
9
GFC
N.C.
10
No Connect. Connect to ground.
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Analog Devices | 9
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Pin Descriptions (continued)
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
Sleep Mode input. In sleep mode, the gate drive and TERM switch are disabled. Power to the load
SLEEP/SLEE flows through an internal low-power switch, SRC, and body diode of Q2. In the MAX16141, sleep
11
P
mode input is active low (SLEEP) and in the MAX16141A, sleep mode input is active high
(SLEEP). See Figure 1 for more detail.
12
FAULT
Active-Low, Open-Drain Fault Output. FAULT requires a pullup resistor.
Load Current/Output Voltage Sense Input. OUT is internally connected to a current-sense
comparator input and a voltage comparator. During normal operation, the MAX16141/MAX16141A
monitor the overcurrent conditions using a sense resistor between RS and OUT. During the
reverse-voltage condition, the MAX16141/MAX16141A enter a fault mode when the voltage
between OUT and IN exceeds the set threshold. For accurate overcurrent monitoring, use a Kelvin
13
OUT
connection from R
to OUT.
SENSE
Current-Sense Positive Input. RS is internally connected to the positive input of a current-sense
resistor. Connect a sense resistor between RS and OUT to set the overload threshold. For
14
15
RS
accurate overcurrent monitoring, use a Kelvin connection from R
to RS.
SENSE
Source Input. Connect SRC to the common source connection of the external n-channel
MOSFETs. An external zener diode between SRC and GATE protects the gates of the external
MOSFETs.
SRC
Gate-Driver Output. Connect GATE to the gates of the external n-channel MOSFETs. GATE is the
charge-pump output during normal operation. GATE is quickly pulled low during a fault condition or
when SHDN is pulled low.
16
—
GATE
EP
Exposed Pad. Connect EP to a contiguous ground plane.
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Analog Devices | 10
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Functional Diagram
GATE
OUT
SRC
RS
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
SR
CHARGE PUMP
V
CTRL
CC
OC
COMP
OSC
SLEEP MODE
TERM
RV
COMP
TERM
IN
POK
COMP
VREG_IN
UVLO
SHDN
SHDN SIGNAL
SLEEP SIGNAL
VREG
AND BG
LATCH/
AUTO-RETRY
OVSET
UVSET
GFC
FALL TIME
CTRL
THERMAL
SHDN
DIGITAL
UVLO
GRC
RISE TIME
CTRL
FAULT
DRIVE
OTP+ TEST
MODES
FAULT
SLEEP
GND
(SLEEP)
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Analog Devices | 11
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Detailed Description
Device Operation
The MAX16141/MAX16141A are ideal diode controllers featuring several system-level protections, such as reverse-
current, overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, and overtemperature faults. The MAX16141/MAX16141A consume only
5μA (typ) in shutdown mode. During a reverse-voltage condition, V
> V , the MAX16141/MAX16141A disable the
OUT
IN
gate within 1μs (max) of V falling below V
by the factory-set threshold.
IN
OUT
An internal charge pump drives the gate 9V (typ) above the source voltage to fully turn on two external back-to-back
N-channel FETs, minimizing power dissipation and voltage drop across the FETs. The MAX16141/MAX16141A monitor
the load current using a sense resistor between between RS and OUT and protect against reverse current flow when V
IN
fall below V
. These devices feature gate ramp rate control to provide correct operation in a variety of situations. For
OUT
example, the ramp-up during power-up can be adjusted to avoid excessive inrush current. In the case of an overvoltage
fault, the ramp down rate is slow enough to avoid large inductive transients when interrupting high fault currents. On the
other hand, the gate drive responds quickly to transient shorts of the input to ground, thereby preventing discharge of the
load-side capacitance. When the input recovers, the gate drive ramps up quickly enough to provide power to the load
before the load voltage can drop excessively.
Power-Up
At power-up, the MAX16141/MAX16141A enable the gate drive 450μs (t ) after the input voltage crosses the
SU
undervoltage threshold. During power-up, the gate’s rise time is determined by value of resistor connected between GRC
and GND while FAULT remains low and goes high-impedance when the output voltage is greater than 90% of V if no
IN
fault condition is present.
Undervoltage Protection
The MAX16141/MAX16141A monitor the input voltage for undervoltage fault. An external resistive divider connected
between TERM, UVSET, and GND sets the undervoltage threshold. (TERM is connected to V
through a switch
CC
when SHDN is high.) When the input voltage falls below the undervoltage threshold (V
= V < V
- V
), the
CC
IN
UVTH
HYS
MAX16141/MAX16141A pull the gate voltage low, turning off the external MOSFETs, and FAULT asserts. When the
input voltage rises above the undervoltage threshold (V
(typ).
= V > V
), GATE goes high after a 450μs startup delay
CC
IN
UVTH
Overvoltage Protection
The MAX16141/MAX16141A detect overvoltage conditions using an external resistive divider connected between TERM,
OVSET, and GND. (TERM is connected to V through a switch when SHDN is high.) When the input voltage exceeds
CC
the programmed overvoltage threshold, the MAX16141/MAX16141A pull GATE to ground and isolate the load from the
source voltage. The falling ramp rate of the gate voltage is determined by the value of the resistor connected between
GFC and ground. See the Electrical Characteristics table for GATE’s fall times vs. resistor values. During the overvoltage
fault condition, GATE latches low and FAULT stays asserted.
Overvoltage/Undervoltage Threshold Hysteresis
The MAX16141/MAX16141A offer six factory-set overvoltage/undervoltage threshold hysteresis options. See Figure 7
for available options.
Overcurrent Protection
The MAX16141/MAX16141A detect an overcurrent fault condition using a sense resistor between RS and OUT. When
the load current exceeds the factory-set threshold, the MAX16141/MAX16141A isolate the load from the input and
disable GATE low with a slow falling ramp rate, as selected by the resistor value between GFC and ground. See the
Electrical Characteristics table for GATE’s fall times vs. resistor values. During the overcurrent fault condition, GATE
enters the 300ms (typ) auto-retry mode while FAULT stays asserted. Upon on the termination of an overcurrent fault
condition, the MAX16141/MAX16141A pull the gate voltage high and allow FAULT to deassert.
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Analog Devices | 12
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
The MAX16141/MAX16141A offer four factory-set overcurrent threshold options. See Figure 7 for available options.
Ideal Diode Reverse-Current Protection
The MAX16141/MAX16141A detect reverse-current conditions using a comparator that monitors the differential voltage
between IN and OUT. When V falls below V
by the factor-set thresholds, the MAX16141/MAX16141A disable the
IN
OUT
gate drive within 1µs (max) to minimize load discharge into the source. The gate drive is enabled once the input rises
above the output voltage by 50mV. The MAX16141/MAX16141A offer four factory-set reverse-current thresholds. See
Figure 7 for available options.
Reverse-Voltage Protection
The MAX16141/MAX16141A offer reverse-voltage protection to prevent damage to the downstream circuitry caused
by battery reversal or negative transients at the input. The input voltage (IN) withstands reverse voltage down to -36V
below ground. When V is forced below ground, an internal circuit blocks the current flow from GND to IN to protect the
IN
MAX16141/MAX16141A during negative transients events. During a reverse-voltage condition, the gate drive is disabled
within 1μs (max) to isolate the load from the source.
Note: GATE is internally connected to SRC through a 15MΩ resistor. Connecting GATE to lower input impedance nodes
forms a resistive divider between IN, GATE, and GND and keeps the external FETs on.
Thermal Shutdown Protection
The MAX16141/MAX16141A include thermal shutdown protection that turns off the external MOSFETs if the internal
die temperature exceeds +145°C (T ). By ensuring good thermal coupling between the MOSFETs and the MAX16141/
J
MAX16141A, the thermal shutdown can turn off the MOSFETs if they overheat. When the junction temperature exceeds
T = +145°C (typ), the internal thermal sensor signals the shutdown logic, pulling the GATE voltage low and allowing
J
the device to cool. The MAX16141/MAX16141A isolate the load from the input by pulling the gate to ground with a slow
falling ramp rate to prevent transient overshoots beyond the input protection voltage and assert FAULT. When T drops
J
by 15°C (typ), GATE goes high with a slow rising ramp rate and the MOSFETs turn back on. Do not exceed the absolute
maximum junction-temperature rating of T = +150°C.
J
GATE Ramp-Up Control
To ensure proper power-up, the MAX16141/MAX16141A offer three different gate rise times set with a resistor connected
from GRC to GND. See the Electrical Characteristics table for more detail. The gate’s controlled rise time ensures soft-
start with limited inrush current and is active during power-up, when exiting shutdown, recovering from undervoltage,
overvoltage, and thermal faults.
Note: The values in the Electrical Characteristics table are determined based on a 7nF gate-to-source capacitance.
Depending on the gate-to-source capacitance, the rise time of the gate will be different.
GATE Ramp-Down Control
The MAX16141/MAX16141A control the gate fall time using a resistor from GFC to ground. See the Electrical
Characteristics table for allowed resistor values. The gate’s fall-time control remains active during overvoltage,
overcurrent, and thermal shutdown faults.
Sleep Mode
Sleep mode is a low-power mode that allows the MAX16141/MAX16141A to deliver power to the load using an internal
low power MOSFET. In sleep mode, the MAX16141/MAX16141A deliver up to 400μA of current to the load while
consuming only 10μA (typ). Load currents higher than 400μA force the MAX16141/MAX16141A to go into constant
current mode and cause the output voltage to droop. During sleep mode, the charge pump and TERM switch are
disabled. The load current flows through the internal MOSFET, SRC, and body diode of Q2. See Figure 1 for more
detail. The MAX16141 features an active-low logic input (SLEEP), and the MAX16141A features an active-high logic
input (SLEEP).
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 13
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
V
IN
Q1
Q2
I
SLEEP
LOAD
IN
GATE
SRC
OUT
CHARGE PUMP
pFET
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
SLEEP
(SLEEP)
GND
Figure 1. Sleep Mode Operation
Note: In sleep mode, the drain of the pFET is internally clamped to 18V. Increasing the input voltage above 18V increases
the sleep mode current of the device. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section for more detail.
Gate Charge Pump
An internal charge pump generates the GATE-to-SRC voltage to enhance the external MOSFETs. After the input voltage
exceeds the input undervoltage threshold, the charge pump turns on after a 450µs startup (t ) delay.
SU
During the reverse-voltage fault condition, GATE is disabled with a 280mA (typ) pulldown current. Upon recovery from
reverse voltage, if the V
voltage is below the undervoltage threshold, the gate drive is enabled and its ramp rate is
CC
determined by the resistor value between GRC and ground. If upon reverse-voltage recovery the V
voltage is above
CC
the undervoltage threshold, the charge pump sources 1200μA (typ) to enable the gate drive in fast mode. Allowing the
gate voltage to ramp up in fast mode helps minimize output voltage droop after reverse-voltage or short battery voltage
interruptions.
TERM Connection
The TERM connection has an internal switch to V . In shutdown (SHDN = low), this switch is open. By connecting the
CC
voltage threshold resistive divider to TERM instead of directly to V , power dissipation in the resistive divider can be
CC
eliminated and the supply current in shutdown mode reduced.
During shutdown mode, the (V
parasitic diode.
- V
) can be as high as 60V, but (V
- V ) must be limited to < 1V due to a
TERM CC
CC
TERM
FAULT Output
FAULT is an open-drain output that indicates fault conditions. During startup, FAULT is initially low and goes high-
impedance when V
is greater than 90% of V if no fault conditions are present. FAULT asserts low during shutdown
OUT
IN
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 14
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
mode, reverse-current, overcurrent, overvoltage, thermal shutdown, or undervoltage faults, or when V
falls below
OUT
90% of V .
IN
Auto-Retry
The MAX16141/MAX16141A enter auto-retry mode of 300ms (typ) during overcurrent, output short-circuit, and thermal
shutdown faults. In auto-retry mode, the gate drive is enabled every 300ms (typ) to check if the fault condition is removed.
If the fault is present, the gate pulls low after a short duration of 20ms (typ). If the fault condition is removed, the gate
pulls high and the MAX16141/MAX16141A resume normal operation. During fault conditions, FAULT asserts low and
deasserts once the fault conditions are removed.
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 15
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Applications Information
Setting Overvoltage/Undervoltage Threshold
The MAX16141/MAX16141A feature window-detection threshold comparators. The noninverting input of the
undervoltage comparator shares the same reference voltage connected to the inverting input of the overvoltage
comparator. This configuration allows using three-resistor network to set both undervoltage and overvoltage thresholds.
The top of the resistive divider network connects to TERM. See Figure 2. When the input voltage falls outside the set
window threshold, the gate voltage is disabled and the n-channel MOSFETs are turned off. Use the following equations
to set the thresholds:
R
TOTAL
V
= V − V
(
)
UVTH
TH
TH_HYS
R2 + R3
[
]
R
TOTAL
R3
V
= V
(
)
OVTH
TH
[
]
where V
and V
are the undervoltage and overvoltage thresholds respectively, R
= R1 + R2 + R3 +
TOTAL
UVTH
OVTH
R
, V
TERM TH
is the 0.5V OVSET and UVSET threshold, and the V
is the hysteresis, R is the TERM on-
TH_HYS
TERM
resistance whose typical value is 0.7kΩ.
Use the following steps to determine values for R1, R2, and R3:
1. Choose a value for R
: the sum of R1, R2, R3, and R
TERM
.
TOTAL
2. Calculate R3 based on R
and the desired overvoltage threshold point, V
:
OVTH
TOTAL
V
× R
TH
TOTAL
R3 =
V
(
)
OVTH
3. Calculate R2 based on R
, R3, and the desired undervoltage threshold point, V
:
TOTAL
UVTH
V
− V
× R
(
)
TH
TH_HYS
TOTAL
R2 =
− R3
V
UVTH
(
)
4. Calculate R1 based on R
, R2, R3, and R
:
TERM
TOTAL
R1 = R
− R2 − R3 − R
TERM
TOTAL
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 16
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
R
SENSE
Q1
Q2
V
IN
V
OUT
C
OUT
C
IN
IN GATE
SRC
RS
OUT
D1
V
CC
C
VCC
SHDN
TERM
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
R1
UVSET
OVSET
R2
R3
GND
Figure 2. UVSET and OVSET Threshold Setting
The MAX16141/MAX16141A offer factory-set threshold hysteresis for undervoltage and overvoltage threshold settings.
See Figure 7 for available options.
Reverse-Voltage Protection
Traditionally, discrete diodes have been used to block reverse current flow and prevent output capacitor discharge.
However, for high-current applications, ideal diode controllers (FET-based solutions) are more appealing due to their low
power dissipation. But, unlike a discrete diode that blocks reverse current instantaneously, a typical ideal diode controller
reacts much more slowly. To prevent heavy discharge of the load-side capacitor in the case of a fault that shorts the
input to ground, the MAX16141/MAX16141A disable the gate drive within 1µs (max) of detection of the reverse-voltage
condition. See Figure 3.
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 17
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
(V
- V ) = V
IN
– 40mV
REV
OUT
V
IN
V
OUT
I
LOAD
0A
I
REV
V
GATE
1µs (MAX)
0V
Figure 3. Reverse-Voltage Fault
Automotive circuits generally require supply voltage protection from various transients that occur in automotive systems.
Some of these transients extend beyond the MAX16141/MAX16141A protection range. To protect against these
transients, automotive systems generally use external TVSs. Figure 4 shows the recommended circuit for the MAX16141/
MAX16141A.
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 18
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
R
SENSE
Q1
Q2
V
IN
V
OUT
C
OUT
C
IN
IN GATE
SRC
RS
OUT
D1
V
CC
TVS1
C
VCC
FAULT
D3
SHDN
TERM
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
SLEEP/
SLEEP
TVS2
UVSET
OVSET
GRC
GFC
GND
D2
Figure 4. Recommended Reverse-Voltage Protection Circuit
Ovecurrent Threshold Setting
Use the following formula to set the overcurrent threshold:
I
= V
/R
(RS-OUT) SENSE
OC
where V
is the overcurrent threshold voltage in volts, and R
is the resistor in ohms connected between
SENSE
(RS-OUT)
RS and OUT.
Short Power Interruptions
In an automotive environment, systems usually experience brief power interruptions where the main supply is shorted to
ground. The power interruption may last for several seconds and the only source of power to system load is the output
capacitance. To ensure fast recovery, an auxiliary input (V ) helps keep the MAX16141/MAX16141A in standby mode
CC
for 100µs (typ). When the main supply input (IN) recovers, the MAX16141/MAX16141A initiate a fast recovery mode that
allows the gate to reach its peak voltage within 70μs (max). See Figure 5 for more detail. Therefore, brief power supply
interruptions will not affect operation of the load, as long as the load-side capacitance is sufficiently large to power the
load during the interruption.
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 19
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
VOUT > VIN
VIN
VOUT
VIN > VOUT
100µs
VGS = VSRC + 3.5V
VGS
1µs (MAX)
70µs (TYP)
Figure 5. Short Power Interruption and Recover
Since V
provides power to the MAX16141 when the main supply is shorted to ground, a low-leakage diode such as
CC
CMPD4150 from V to V
and a bulk capacitance is required to keep the MAX16141/MAX16141A in standby mode.
IN
CC
See the Typical Application Circuit for proper connection. The size of the bulk capacitance is dictated by the expected
duration of the power interruption and supply current of the MAX16141/MAX16141A. Below is a simple bulk capacitance
calculation for 100μs power interruption and 1V drop in V
voltage.
CC
−6
I
× 100 × 10
(
)
CC
C
=
VCC
∆ V
CC
where C
in volts.
is the bulk capacitance at V , I
is the supply current in amperes, and ∆V is the desired droop in V
CC CC
VCC
CC CC
−3
−6
3 × 10 (A) × 100 × 10 (s)
1V
(
)
≃ 0.33μF
Note: If the input voltage sags slowly and the output follows, the differential voltage between the input and output may
always be less than factory-set threshold. In this case, the reverse-current fault may not occur. Instead, an undervoltage
fault may eventually be detected; causing the gate drive to be disabled.
Gate Rise Time Control
The gate rise time control connection, GRC, allows the MAX16141/MAX16141A to control the gate ramp-up rate with
respect SRC. The gate rise time specifications in the Electrical Characteristics table are based on a 7nF gate-to-source
capacitance. If the combined gate-to-source capacitance of the MOSFETs is higher than 7nF, the gate voltage might
not reach its final nominal voltage within the internal timer selected by R
. As a result, upon the expiration of the
GRC
internal timer, the internal charge pump increases its drive current (fast mode) to force the gate voltage to its final nominal
voltage. See Figure 6 for more detail. This sudden jump in the gate voltage could cause a high dV/dt across the output
capacitor and result in huge inrush current. To avoid this scenario, increase the gate rise time using a different R
, as
GRC
specified in the Electrical Characteristics table.
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 20
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
UVSET
THRESHOLD
V
IN
GATE DRIVE SWITCHES TO FAST MODE
AFTER EXPIRATION OF GATE RISE TIME
SET BY THE GRC RESISTOR.
V
OUT
V
GATE
GATE RISE TIME > t
GRC
Figure 6. Gate Voltage Slow to Fast-Mode Transition
MOSFET Selection
MOSFET selection is critical to design a proper protection circuit. Several factors must be considered: the gate
capacitance, the drain-to-source voltage rating, the on-resistance (R ), the peak power dissipation capability, and
DS(ON)
the average power dissipation limit. In general, both MOSFETs should have the same part number. For size-constrained
applications, a dual MOSFET can conserve board area. Select the drain-to-source voltage so that the MOSFETs can
handle the highest voltage that might be applied to the circuit. Gate capacitance is not as critical, but it does determine
the maximum turn-on and turn-off time. MOSFETs with more gate capacitance tend to respond more slowly.
MOSFET Power Dissipation
The R
must be low enough to limit the MOSFET power dissipation during normal operation. Power dissipation
DS(ON)
(per MOSFET) during normal operation can be calculated using this formula:
2
P = I
× R
DS ON
LOAD
(
)
where P is the power dissipated in each MOSFET, and I
is the average load current.
LOAD
During a fault condition in switch mode, the MOSFETs turn off and do not dissipate power.
Since limiter mode can involve high switching currents when the GATE is turning on at the start of a limiting cycle
(especially when the output capacitance is high), it is important to ensure the circuit does not violate the peak power
rating of the MOSFETs. Check the pulse power ratings in the MOSFET data sheet.
MOSFET Gate Protection
To protect the gate of the MOSFETs, connect a zener clamp diode from the gate to the source. The cathode connects
to the gate, and the anode connects to the source. Choose the zener clamp voltage to be above 10V and below the
MOSFET V
maximum rating.
GS
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 21
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Selector Guide
MAX16141(A)__ __ __
REVERSE VOLTAGE
THRESHOLD
OVSET/UVSET
THRESHOLD HYS (%)
OVERCURRENT
THRESHOLD
SUFFIX
SUFFIX
SUFFIX
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
10mV
20mV
30mV
40mV
2.5/5
2.5/10
2.5/20
5/5
A
B
C
D
25mV
50mV
75mV
100mV
5/10
5/20
Figure 7. Selector Guide
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 22
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Typical Application Circuit
Typical Automotive Application Circuit
R
SENSE
Q1
Q2
3.5V TO 36V
FILTER
V
OUT
C
OUT
C
IN
100Ω
IN GATE
SRC
RS
OUT
D1
V
RPU
CC
C
VCC
FAULT
µC
CAN
CTRL
SHDN
TERM
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
SLEEP/
SLEEP
R1
R2
UVSET
OVSET
GRC
GFC
10kΩ
GND
10kΩ
R3
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
TEMP RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
16 TQFN
16 TQFN
16 TQFN
16 TQFN
16 TQFN
16 TQFN
16 TQFN
PACKAGE CODE
T1644+4A
T1644+4A
T1644Y+4
T1644Y+4
T1644+4A
T1644+4A
T1644Y+4
MAX16141AAF+T
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
MAX16141AAF/V+T
MAX16141AAAA/VY+T
MAX16141AAAF/VY+T
MAX16141ADF/V+T
MAX16141BAF/V+T
MAX16141AADA/VY+T*
+ Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
T Denotes tape-and-reel.
/V denotes automotive qualified parts.
* Future product—contact factory for availability.
Note: See Figure 7 for overcurrent, reverse-current, overvoltage, and undervoltage hysteresis options. Contact factory for availability
of variants not listed in the Ordering Information table (10k units minimum order quantity).
www.analog.com
Analog Devices | 23
MAX16141/
MAX16141A
3.5V to 36V Ideal Diode Controllers with Voltage
and Current Circuit Breaker
Revision History
REVISION REVISION
PAGES
DESCRIPTION
CHANGED
NUMBER
DATE
0
6/18
Initial release
—
Updated Electrical Characteristics table, Detailed Description section, Ordering Information
table, and Applications Information section
6, 12, 14,
16, 19
1
7/18
Updated Benefits and Features, Simplified Block Diagram, Package Information, Functional
Diagram, and Reverse-Voltage Protection
2
3
4
5
12/18
2/19
1–3, 11, 13
1–19
Added MAX16141A to data sheet
Updated Benefits and Features, Typical Operating Characteristics, Pin Configuration,
Functional Diagram, Detailed Description, and Ordering Information
1, 9, 11,
13–15, 19
6/19
11/19
Updated Electrical Characteristics table and Ordering Information
4, 19
Updated General Description, Benefits and Features, Typical Application Circuit, Electrical
Characteristics table, Pin Descriptions, Detailed Description, Applications Information,
Selector Guide, and Ordering Information
1, 2, 4, 5,
9–23
6
4/21
7
8
8/21
1/22
Updated Applications Information
16
Updated Absolute Maximum Ratings, Electrical Characteristics table, and Ordering
Information table
3–5, 23
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is
assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may
result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of
their respective owners.
w
w w . a n a l o g . c o m
Analog Devices | 24
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