MAX4092AUA [MAXIM]
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps; 单/双/四路，微功耗，单电源，轨至轨运算放大器
| 型号： | MAX4092AUA |
| 厂家： | 
MAXIM INTEGRATED PRODUCTS |
| 描述： | Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps |
| 文件： | 总16页 (文件大小：513K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
19-2272; Rev 0; 1/02
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
General Description
Features
o Low-Voltage, Single-Supply Operation (2.7V to 6V)
o Beyond-the-Rails™ Inputs
The single MAX4091, dual MAX4092, and quad
MAX4094 operational amplifiers combine excellent DC
®
accuracy with Rail-to-Rail operation at the input and
output. Since the common-mode voltage extends from
o No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs
o 30µV Offset Voltage
V
CC
to V , the devices can operate from either a sin-
EE
gle supply (2.7V to 6V) or split supplies ( 1.ꢀ3V to
ꢀV). Each op amp requires less than 1ꢀ0ꢁA of supply
current. Even with this low current, the op amps are
capable of driving a 1kΩ load, and the input-referred
voltage noise is only 12nV/√Hz. In addition, these op
amps can drive loads in excess of 2000pF.
o Rail-to-Rail Output Swing with 1kΩ Load
o Unity-Gain Stable with 2000pF Load
o 165µA (max) Quiescent Current Per Op Amp
o 500kHz Gain-Bandwidth Product
The precision performance of the MAX4091/MAX4092/
MAX4094 combined with their wide input and output
dynamic range, low-voltage, single-supply operation,
and very low supply current, make them an ideal
choice for battery-operated equipment, industrial, and
data acquisition and control applications. In addition,
the MAX4091 is available in space-saving 3-pin SOT2ꢀ,
8-pin ꢁMAX, and 8-pin SO packages. The MAX4092 is
available in 8-pin ꢁMAX and SO packages, and the
MAX4094 is available in 14-pin TSSOP and 14-pin SO
packages.
o High Voltage Gain (115dB)
o High Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (90dB) and
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio (100dB)
o Temperature Range (-40°C to +125°C)
Ordering Information
PART
TEMP RANGE
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
-40°C to +125°C
PIN-PACKAGE
5 SOT23-5
8 SO
________________________Applications
MAX4091AUK-T
MAX4091ASA
MAX4091AUA
MAX4092ASA
MAX4092AUA
MAX4094AUD
MAX4094ASD
Portable Equipment
8 µMAX
8 SO
Battery-Powered Instruments
Data Acquisition and Control
Low-Voltage Signal Conditioning
8 µMAX
14 TSSOP
14 SO
Pin Configurations/Functional Diagrams
TOP VIEW
OUT1
IN1-
OUT4
IN4-
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
OUT
OUT1
IN1-
N.C.
IN-
V
V
CC
N.C.
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
5
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
CC
MAX4091
MAX4092
MAX4091
IN1+
IN4+
OUT2
IN2-
V
CC
V
CC
V
V
EE
EE
MAX4094
OUT
N.C.
IN1+
IN+
IN2+
IN2-
IN3+
IN3-
4
IN-
IN2+
IN+
V
V
EE
EE
OUT2
OUT3
8
SOT23
µMAX/SO
µMAX/SO
TSSOP/SO
Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd.
Beyond-the-Rails is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (V
to V )....................................................7V
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)...............471mW
8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.1mW/°C above +70°C)............330mW
14-Pin SO (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C).............667mW
14-Pin TSSOP (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C) ........727mW
Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
CC
EE
Common-Mode Input Voltage..........(V
+ 0.3V) to (V - 0.3V)
CC
EE
Differential Input Voltage ......................................... (V
Input Current (IN+, IN-) .................................................... 10mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration
- V
)
EE
CC
OUT shorted to GND or V .................................Continuous
CC
Continuous Power Dissipation (T = +70°C)
A
5-Pin SOT23 (derate 7.1mW/°C above +70°C)...........571mW
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
= 2.7V to 6V, V = GND, V
= 0, V
= V /2, T = +25°C.)
CC
EE
CM
OUT
CC
A
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage Range
V
Inferred from PSRR test
2.7
6.0
165
185
1.4
180
7
V
CC
V
V
= 2.7V
= 5V
115
130
0.03
20
CC
CC
Supply Current
I
V
= V /2
µA
CC
CM
CC
Input Offset Voltage
Input Bias Current
V
V
V
V
= V to V
mV
nA
nA
V
OS
CM
CM
CM
EE
CC
CC
CC
I
= V to V
EE
B
Input Offset Current
Input Common-Mode Range
I
= V to V
0.2
OS
EE
V
Inferred from CMRR test
V
- 0.05
V
+ 0.05
CC
CM
EE
Common-Mode Rejection
Ratio
CMRR
PSRR
(V - 0.05V) ≤ V ≤ (V + 0.05V)
71
86
90
dB
dB
EE
CM
CC
Power-Supply Rejection
Ratio
2.7V ≤ V
≤ 6V
100
CC
Sourcing
Sinking
83
81
91
78
87
83
97
84
105
105
105
90
V
= 2.7V, R = 100kΩ
L
CC
0.25V ≤ V
≤ 2.45V
OUT
Sourcing
Sinking
V
= 2.7V, R = 1kΩ
L
CC
0.5V ≤ V
≤ 2.2V
OUT
Large-Signal Voltage Gain
(Note 1)
A
dB
VOL
Sourcing
Sinking
115
115
110
100
15
V
= 5.0V, R = 100kΩ
L
CC
0.25V ≤ V
≤ 4.75V
OUT
Sourcing
Sinking
V
= 5.0V, R = 1kΩ
L
CC
0.5V ≤ V
≤ 4.5V
OUT
R = 100kΩ
L
69
210
70
Output Voltage Swing High
(Note 1)
V
|V - V |
OUT
mV
mV
OH
CC
R = 1kΩ
L
130
15
R = 100kΩ
L
Output Voltage Swing Low
(Note 1)
V
|V
- V |
OUT EE
OL
R = 1kΩ
L
80
220
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Phase Margin
GBWP
R = 100kΩ, C = 100pF
500
60
kHz
degrees
dB
L
L
φ
R = 100kΩ, C = 100pF
L L
M
Gain Margin
R = 100kΩ, C = 100pF
10
L
L
Slew Rate
SR
R = 100kΩ, C = 15pF
0.20
V/µs
L
L
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
= 2.7V to 6V, V = GND, V
= 0, V
= V /2, T = +25°C.)
OUT CC A
CC
EE
CM
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
12
MAX
UNITS
nV/√Hz
pA/√Hz
Input-Noise Voltage Density
Input-Noise Current Density
e
f = 10kHz
f = 10kHz
N
1.5
Noise Voltage
(0.1Hz to 10Hz)
16
µV
RMS
Total Harmonic Distortion
Plus Noise
f = 1kHz, R = 10kΩ, C = 15pF,
L
L
THD + N
0.003
%
A = 1, V
= 2V
V
OUT
P-P
Capacitive-Load Stability
Settling Time
C
A = 1
2000
12
pF
µs
LOAD
V
t
To 0.1%, 2V step
S
V
= 0 to 3V step, V = V /2,
CC
IN
CC
Power-On Time
t
2
µs
ON
A = 1
V
Op-Amp Isolation
f = 1kHz (MAX4092/MAX4094)
125
dB
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
= 2.7V to 6V, V = GND, V
= 0, V
= V /2, T = T
to T
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values specified at
MAX
CC
EE
CM
OUT
CC
A
MIN
T
A
= +25°C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage Range
V
Inferred from PSRR test
2.7
6.0
200
225
3.5
V
CC
V
V
= 2.7V
= 5V
CC
CC
Supply Current
I
V
V
= V /2
µA
CC
CM
CM
CC
Input Offset Voltage
V
= V to V
mV
µV/°C
nA
OS
EE
CC
Input Offset Voltage Tempco
Input Bias Current
∆V /∆T
2
OS
I
V
V
= V to V
200
20
B
CM
CM
EE
CC
CC
Input Offset Current
I
= V to V
nA
OS
EE
Input Common-Mode Range
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
V
Inferred from CMRR test
(V - 0.05V) ≤ V ≤ (V + 0.05V)
V
EE
- 0.05
V + 0.05
CC
V
CM
CMRR
PSRR
62
80
82
80
90
76
86
82
94
80
dB
EE
CM
CC
2.7V ≤ V ≤ 6V
dB
CC
Sourcing
Sinking
V
= 2.7V, R = 100kΩ
L
CC
0.25V ≤ V
≤ 2.45V
OUT
Sourcing
Sinking
V
= 2.7V, R = 1kΩ
L
CC
0.5V ≤ V
≤ 2.2V
OUT
Large-Signal Voltage Gain
(Note 1)
A
dB
VOL
Sourcing
Sinking
V
= 5V, R = 100kΩ
L
CC
0.25V ≤ V
≤ 4.75V
OUT
Sourcing
Sinking
V
= 5V, R = 1kΩ
L
CC
0.5V ≤ V
≤ 4.5V
OUT
R = 100kΩ
75
250
75
L
Output Voltage Swing High
(Note 1)
V
V - VOUT
mV
mV
OH
CC
R = 1kΩ
L
R = 100kΩ
L
Output Voltage Swing Low
(Note 1)
V
V - V
OUT EE
OL
R = 1kΩ
L
250
Note 1: R is connected to V for A
sourcing and V
tests. R is connected to V
for A
sinking and V tests.
VOL OL
L
EE
VOL
OH
L
CC
Note 2: All specifications are 100% tested at T = +25°C. Specification limits over temperature (T = T
to T
) are guaranteed
A
A
MIN
MAX
by design, not production tested.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics
(V
= 5V, V = 0, T = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EE A
CC
GAIN AND PHASE
vs. FREQUENCY
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
GAIN AND PHASE
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4091 toc02
MAX4091 toc01
80
60
40
20
0
180
120
60
80
180
120
60
140
120
C
A
= 470pF
= 1000
= ∞
A
= 1000
L
V
L
V
V
IN
= 2.5V
NO LOAD
60
40
20
0
R
V
CC
GAIN
100
80
GAIN
0
60
40
20
0
0
PHASE
PHASE
V
EE
-60
-120
-60
-120
-20
-40
-20
-40
-180
-180
-20
0.01
0.01 0.1
1
10
100 1000 10,000
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.01 0.1
1
10
100 1000 10,000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
CHANNEL ISOLATION
vs. FREQUENCY
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs.
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
140
120
160
140
120
100
80
100
80
V
= 0
CM
V
= 2.5V
IN
60
100
80
60
40
20
0
40
V
= 2.7V
CC
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
60
V
CC
= 6V
40
20
0
0.01 0.1
1
10
100 1000 10,000
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FREQUENCY (kHz)
TEMPERATURE ( C)
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs.
TEMPERATURE
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO
vs. TEMPERATURE
INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs.
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
110
100
25
20
15
10
5
40
30
V
= 6V
CC
V
V
= 0 TO 5V
= -0.1V TO +5.1V
CM
V
= 6V
CC
V
= V
CC
CM
CM
V
= 2.7V
20
CC
90
80
70
60
50
10
V
= 2.7V
CC
0
0
-5
-10
-20
-30
-40
V
= -0.2V TO +5.2V
CM
CM
-10
-15
-20
-25
V
= -0.3V TO +5.3V
= -0.4V TO +5.4V
V
= 0
CM
V
CM
V
= 6V
50
CC
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-50 -25
0
25
75 100 125
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE ( C)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V
= 5V, V = 0, T = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EE A
CC
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER
vs. TEMPERATURE
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
120
110
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
R
= 10k
L
V
= V = V /2
CM CC
OUT
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
V
= 5V
V
CC
100
90
R
= 1M
L
R
L
= 100k
= 2.7V
CC
R
L
= 1k
80
70
60
50
60
40
V
= 6V
CC
60
R
TO V
20
L
EE
0
40
-50 -25
0
25
50
75 100 125
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
100
200 300
- V
400
(mV)
OUT
500 600
V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
CC
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. TEMPERATURE
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
120
120
110
100
90
120
R
= 1k , 0.5V < V < (V - 0.5V)
OUT CC
R
L
= 1M
L
R
L
= 1M
115
110
105
100
110
100
90
R
TO V
CC
L
R
L
= 100k
R
L
= 100k
R
= 1k
L
R
= 10k
L
80
70
60
50
R
L
= 10k
80
R
L
= 1k
V
= 2.7V
CC
95
90
85
80
V
= 6V
CC
70
60
50
R
TO V
L
EE
V
= 2.7V
V
= 6V
TO V
CC
CC
R
TO V
R
L
EE
L
CC
0
100
200
300 400
500 600
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
100
200 300
- V
400
(mV)
500 600
V
(mV)
OUT
V
TEMPERATURE ( C)
CC
OUT
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. TEMPERATURE
MINIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
120
220
120
110
100
90
R
TO V
CC
R
= 100k , 0.3V < V < (V - 0.3V)
OUT CC
L
L
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
R
= 1M
115
110
105
100
L
R
TO V
CC
L
V
= 6V, R = 1k
L
CC
R
L
= 100k
V
CC
= 6V
V
= 2.7V, R = 1k
L
CC
80
70
60
50
R
= 1k
L
95
90
85
80
R
L
= 10k
R
TO V
EE
L
60
V
= 6V, R = 100k
L
CC
V
= 2.7V
CC
40
V
= 2.7V
CC
CC
20
V
CC
= 2.7V, R = 100k
L
R
TO V
L
0
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
100
200
300 400
(mV)
500 600
V
TEMPERATURE ( C)
TEMPERATURE ( C)
OUT
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V
= 5V, V = 0, T = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EE A
CC
MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
vs. FREQUENCY
VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY
vs. FREQUENCY
100
200
1000
100
V
= V
= 2.5V
OUT
CM
R
TO V
EE
L
180
160
140
120
100
80
V
= 6V, R = 1k
L
CC
V
= 2.7V, R = 1k
L
CC
10
10
V
= 6V, R = 100k
L
60
CC
1
V
CC
= 2.7V, R = 100k
L
40
INPUT REFERRED
20
0
1
0.1
0.01 0.1
1
10
100 1,000 10,000
0.01
0.1
1
10
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
FREQUENCY (kHz)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
TEMPERATURE ( C)
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. PEAK-TO-PEAK SIGNAL AMPLITUDE
CURRENT-NOISE DENSITY
vs. FREQUENCY
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS
NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
0.1
0.1
5.0
4.5
4.0
A
= 1
A
= 1
V
V
1kHz SINE
2V SIGNAL
P-P
22kHz FILTER
L
80kHz LOWPASS FILTER
R
= 1k
R
TO GND
L
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
R
= 2k
L
0.01
0.01
R
= 10k TO GND
L
R
= 100k
L
R
= 10k
L
INPUT REFERRED
NO LOAD
1000 10,000
0.001
0.001
4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0
PEAK-TO-PEAK SIGNAL AMPLITUDE (V)
0.01
0.1
1
10
10
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4091 toc26
MAX4091 toc27
MAX4091 toc25
V
= 5V, A = 1, R = 10kΩ
V
= 5V, A = 1, R = 10kΩ
V
= 5V, A = -1, R = 10kΩ
CC
V
L
CC
V
L
CC
V
L
V
V
V
IN
50mV/div
IN
2V/div
IN
50mV/div
V
V
V
OUT
2V/div
OUT
50mV/div
OUT
50mV/div
20µs/div
2µs/div
2µs/div
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V
= 5V, V = 0, T = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EE A
CC
SINK CURRENT vs.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
SOURCE CURRENT vs.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4091 toc28
0
-2
30
25
20
15
10
5
V
= 100mV
DIFF
V
= 5V, A = -1, R = 10kΩ
V
= 100mV
CC
V
L
DIFF
-4
V
IN
-6
2V/div
V
= 6V
CC
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
V
= 2.7V
= 6V
CC
V
= 2.7V
CC
V
OUT
2V/div
V
CC
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
20µs/div
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
MAX4091
SOT23
1
MAX4091
SO/µMAX
6
MAX4092
MAX4094
—
4
—
11
—
—
4
OUT
Amplifier Output
Negative Supply
Noninverting Input
Inverting Input
2
4
3
V
EE
3
—
—
8
IN+
IN-
4
2
5
7
V
Positive Supply
CC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1, 5, 8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
N.C.
OUT1
IN1-
No Connection. Not internally connected.
Amplifier 1 Output
2
2
Amplifier 1 Inverting Input
Amplifier 1 Noninverting Input
Amplifier 2 Noninverting Input
Amplifier 2 Inverting Input
Amplifier 2 Output
3
3
IN1+
IN2+
IN2-
5
5
6
6
7
7
OUT2
OUT3
IN3-
—
—
—
—
—
—
8
Amplifier 3 Output
9
Amplifier 3 Inverting Input
Amplifier 3 Noninverting Input
Amplifier 4 Noninverting Input
Amplifier 4 Inverting Input
Amplifier 4 Output
10
12
13
14
IN3+
IN4+
IN4-
OUT4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
match the effective resistance seen at each input.
Detailed Description
Connect resistor R3 between the noninverting input and
The single MAX4091, dual MAX4092 and quad
ground when using the op amp in an inverting configu-
MAX4094 op amps combine excellent DC accuracy
ration (Figure 2a); connect resistor R3 between the
with rail-to-rail operation at both input and output. With
noninverting input and the input signal when using the
their precision performance, wide dynamic range at low
op amp in a noninverting configuration (Figure 2b).
supply voltages, and very low supply current, these op
Select R3 to equal the parallel combination of R1 and
amps are ideal for battery-operated equipment, indus-
R2. High source resistances will degrade noise perfor-
trial, and data acquisition and control applications.
mance, due to the the input current noise (which is mul-
tiplied by the source resistance).
Applications Information
Input Stage Protection Circuitry
The MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094 include internal pro-
tection circuitry that prevents damage to the precision
input stage from large differential input voltages. This
protection circuitry consists of back-to-back diodes
between IN+ and IN- with two 1.7kΩ resistors in series
(Figure 3). The diodes limit the differential voltage
applied to the amplifiers’ internal circuitry to no more
Rail-to-Rail Inputs and Outputs
The MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094’s input common-
mode range extends 50mV beyond the positive and
negative supply rails, with excellent common-mode
rejection. Beyond the specified common-mode range,
the outputs are guaranteed not to undergo phase
reversal or latchup. Therefore, the MAX4091/MAX4092/
MAX4094 can be used in applications with common-
mode signals, at or even beyond the supplies, without
the problems associated with typical op amps.
than V , where V is the diodes’ forward-voltage drop
F
F
(about 0.7V at +25°C).
Input bias current for the ICs ( 20nA) is specified for
small differential input voltages. For large differential
The MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094’s output voltage
swings to within 15mV of the supplies with a 100kΩ
load. This rail-to-rail swing at the input and the output
substantially increases the dynamic range, especially
in low-supply-voltage applications. Figure 1 shows the
input and output waveforms for the MAX4092, config-
ured as a unity-gain noninverting buffer operating from
input voltages (exceeding V ), this protection circuitry
F
increases the input current at IN+ and IN-:
[(V ) − (V )] − V
F
IN+
IN−
INPUTCURRENT =
2
✕ 1.7kΩ
a single 3V supply. The input signal is 3.0V , a 1kHz
P-P
sinusoid centered at 1.5V. The output amplitude is
Output Loading and Stability
Even with their low quiescent current of less than
130µA per op amp, the MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094
are well suited for driving loads up to 1kΩ while main-
taining DC accuracy. Stability while driving heavy
capacitive loads is another key advantage over compa-
rable CMOS rail-to-rail op amps.
approximately 2.98V
.
P-P
Input Offset Voltage
Rail-to-rail common-mode swing at the input is obtained
by two complementary input stages in parallel, which
feed a folded cascaded stage. The PNP stage is active
for input voltages close to the negative rail, and the NPN
stage is active for input voltages close to the positive rail.
In op amp circuits, driving large capacitive loads
increases the likelihood of oscillation. This is especially
true for circuits with high-loop gains, such as a unity-
gain voltage follower. The output impedance and a
capacitive load form an RC network that adds a pole to
the loop response and induces phase lag. If the pole
frequency is low enough—as when driving a large
capacitive load––the circuit phase margin is degraded,
leading to either an under-damped pulse response or
oscillation.
The offsets of the two pairs are trimmed. However,
there is some residual mismatch between them. This
mismatch results in a two-level input offset characteris-
tic, with a transition region between the levels occurring
at a common-mode voltage of approximately 1.3V
above V . Unlike other rail-to-rail op amps, the transi-
EE
tion region has been widened to approximately 600mV
in order to minimize the slight degradation in CMRR
caused by this mismatch.
The input bias currents of the MAX4091/MAX4092/
MAX4094 are typically less than 20nA. The bias current
flows into the device when the NPN input stage is
active, and it flows out when the PNP input stage is
active. To reduce the offset error caused by input bias
current flowing through external source resistances,
The MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094 can drive capacitive
loads in excess of 2000pF under certain conditions
(Figure 4). When driving capacitive loads, the greatest
potential for instability occurs when the op amp is
sourcing approximately 200µA. Even in this case, sta-
bility is maintained with up to 400pF of output capaci-
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
tance. If the output sources either more or less current,
stability is increased. These devices perform well with a
1000pF pure capacitive load (Figure 5). Figures 6a, 6b,
and 6c show the performance with a 500pF load in par-
allel with various load resistors.
MAX4094, it takes some time for the voltages on the
supply pin and the output pin of the op amp to settle.
Supply settling time depends on the supply voltage, the
value of the bypass capacitor, the output impedance of
the incoming supply, and any lead resistance or induc-
tance between components. Op amp settling time
depends primarily on the output voltage and is slew-
rate limited. With the noninverting input to a voltage fol-
lower held at midsupply (Figure 9), when the supply
To increase stability while driving large-capacitive
loads, connect a pullup resistor to V
at the output to
CC
decrease the current the amplifier must source. If the
amplifier is made to sink current rather than source,
stability is further increased.
steps from 0 to V , the output settles in approximately
CC
Frequency stability can be improved by adding an out-
put isolation resistor (R ) to the voltage-follower circuit
S
2µs for V
(Figure 10b).
= 3V (Figure 10a) and 8µs for V
= 5V
CC
CC
(Figure 7). This resistor improves the phase margin of
the circuit by isolating the load capacitor from the op
amp’s output. Figure 8a shows the MAX4092 driving
Power Supplies and Layout
The MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094 operate from a sin-
gle 2.7V to 6V power supply, or from dual supplies of
1.35V to 3V. For single-supply operation, bypass the
power supply with a 0.1µF capacitor. If operating from
dual supplies, bypass each supply to ground.
5000pF (R ≥ 100kΩ), while Figure 8b adds a 47Ω iso-
L
lation resistor.
Because the MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094 have excel-
lent stability, no isolation resistor is required, except in
the most demanding applications. This is beneficial
because an isolation resistor would degrade the low-
frequency performance of the circuit.
Good layout improves performance by decreasing the
amount of stray capacitance at the op amp’s inputs
and output. To decrease stray capacitance, minimize
both trace lengths and resistor leads and place exter-
nal components close to the op amp’s pins.
Power-Up Settling Time
The MAX4091/MAX4092/MAX4094 have a typical sup-
ply current of 130µA per op amp. Although supply cur-
rent is already low, it is sometimes desirable to reduce
it further by powering down the op amp and associated
ICs for periods of time. For example, when using a
MAX4092 to buffer the inputs of a multi-channel analog-
to-digital converter (ADC), much of the circuitry could
be powered down between data samples to increase
battery life. If samples are taken infrequently, the op
amps, along with the ADC, may be powered down
most of the time.
Chip Information
MAX4091 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 168
MAX4092 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 336
MAX4094 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 670
PROCESS: Bipolar
When power is reapplied to the MAX4091/MAX4092/
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams
V
V
= 3V
= 0
CC
EE
R2
V
IN
R1
1V/div
V
IN
V
OUT
MAX409_
V
OUT
1V/div
R3
R3 = R2 R1
II
200µs/div
Figure 1. Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operation
Figure 2a. Reducing Offset Error Due to Bias Current: Inverting
Configuration
MAX4091
MAX4092
MAX4094
TO INTERNAL
CIRCUITRY
R3
1.7kΩ
V
IN
IN+
V
OUT
MAX409_
R2
R3 = R2 R1
II
R1
IN–
TO INTERNAL
CIRCUITRY
1.7kΩ
Figure 2b. Reducing Offset Error Due to Bias Current:
Noninverting Configuration
Figure 3. Input Stage Protection Circuitry
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams (continued)
10,000
R = ∞
L
UNSTABLE REGION
V
IN
50mV/div
1000
100
V
V
V
= 5V
OUT
50mV/div
CC
= V /2
OUT
CC
R TO V
L
V
EE
A = 1
1
10
RESISTIVE LOAD (kΩ)
100
10µs/div
Figure 4. Capacitive-Load Stable Region Sourcing Current
Figure 5. MAX4092 Voltage Follower with 1000pF Load
R = 5kΩ
L
R = 20kΩ
L
V
V
IN
IN
50mV/div
50mV/div
V
V
OUT
50mV/div
OUT
50mV/div
10µs/div
10µs/div
Figure 6a. MAX4092 Voltage Follower with 500pF Load
(R = 5kΩ)
L
Figure 6b. MAX4092 Voltage Follower with 500pF Load
(R = 20kΩ)
L
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams (continued)
R = ∞
L
V
IN
50mV/div
R
S
V
OUT
MAX409_
C
L
V
IN
V
OUT
50mV/div
10µs/div
Figure 6c. MAX4092 Voltage Follower with 500pF Load
(R = ∞)
Figure 7. Capacitive-Load Driving Circuit
L
V
V
IN
IN
50mV/div
50mV/div
V
V
OUT
50mV/div
OUT
50mV/div
10µs/div
10µs/div
Figure 8a. Driving a 5000pF Capacitive Load
Figure 8b. Driving a 5000pF Capacitive Load with a 47Ω
Isolation Resistor
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams (continued)
5V
V
7
CC
V
IN
1V/div
2
3
1kΩ
1kΩ
6
V
OUT
MAX409_
4
V
OUT
500mV/div
5µs/div
Figure 9. Power-Up Test Configuration
Figure 10a. Power-Up Settling Time (V
= +3V)
CC
V
IN
2V/div
V
OUT
1V/div
5µs/div
Figure 10b. Power-Up Settling Time (V
= +5V)
CC
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Package Information
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Package Information (continued)
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Single-Supply,
Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Package Information (continued)
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2002 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
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