MIC2826-D9YMT [MICROCHIP]

Switching Regulator, 0.55A, 4000kHz Switching Freq-Max;
MIC2826-D9YMT
型号: MIC2826-D9YMT
厂家: MICROCHIP    MICROCHIP
描述:

Switching Regulator, 0.55A, 4000kHz Switching Freq-Max

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MIC2826  
Quad Output PMIC with HyperLight Load™ DC-  
DC, three LDOs, and I2C Control  
General Description  
Features  
The Micrel MIC2826 is a four output, programmable Power  
Management IC, optimized for high efficiency power  
support in Mobile Application Processors, Co-Processors,  
DSPs, GPS and Media Player chipsets. The device  
integrates a single 500mA PWM/PFM synchronous buck  
(step-down) regulator with three Low Dropout Regulators  
and a 400kHz I²C interface that provides programmable  
Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS), Power Sequencing, and  
individual output Enable/Disable controls allowing the user  
to optimally control all four outputs.  
Fast-mode I2C control interface  
Tiny 14-pin 2.5mm x 2.5mm MLF® package  
Default start-up voltage states and sequencing  
Fault indication processor flag - IRQb  
-40°C to 125°C junction temperature range  
Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection  
Power On After Fault (POAF) function  
The 4MHz synchronous buck regulator features a patented  
HyperLight Load™ (HLL) architecture which minimizes  
switching losses and provides low quiescent current  
operation for high efficiency at light loads. Additional  
benefits of this proprietary architecture are low output  
ripple voltage and fast transient response throughout the  
entire load range with the use of small output capacitors,  
reducing the overall system size.  
DC-DC Synchronous Buck  
2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range  
500mA continuous output current  
HyperLight Load™ mode  
25µA quiescent current  
90% peak efficiency; 85% at 1mA  
Ultra-fast transient response  
Three high performance LDOs are integrated into the  
MIC2826 to provide additional system voltages for I/O,  
memory and other analog functions. Each LDO is capable  
of sourcing 150mA output current with high PSRR and low  
output noise. A 2% output voltage accuracy, low dropout  
voltage (150mV @ 150mA), and low ground current of  
116µA (all three LDOs operating) makes this device ideally  
suited for mobile applications.  
Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) range: 0.8V to 1.8V  
0.8V to 1.2V in 25mV steps  
1.2V to 1.8V in 50mV steps  
±2% initial accuracy  
Low output voltage ripple: 20mVpp in HyperLight  
Load™ mode, 3mV in full PWM mode  
LDOs  
The MIC2826 is available in a tiny 14-pin 2.5mm x 2.5mm  
Thin MLF® with a junction operating range from -40°C to  
+125°C.  
Data sheets and support documentation can be found on  
Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com.  
1.8V to VDVIN input voltage range  
150mA output current (each LDO)  
Dynamic Voltage Scaling (each LDO)  
DVS range: 0.8V to 3.3V in 50mV steps  
±2% initial accuracy  
Low quiescent current – 50µA (each LDO)  
Low dropout voltage – 50mV @ 50mA  
Low output noise - 45µVRMS  
Stable with ceramic output capacitors  
65dB PSRR at 1kHz  
Applications  
Application processors  
GPS subsystems  
General purpose PMIC  
Mobile phones / PDAs  
Portable media players  
Mobile television receivers  
HyperLight Load is a trademark of Micrel, Inc  
MLF and MicroLeadFrame are registered trademarks of Amkor Technology, Inc.  
Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Typical Application  
GPS Subsystem Application  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
2
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Ordering Information  
Default Start Up  
Voltages (1)  
Default Start Up  
Sequence (1)  
Marking  
Part Number  
Junction Temp.  
Range  
Package (3)  
Code (2)  
SW  
LDO1  
2.6V  
LDO2  
1.2V  
LDO3  
1.8.V  
SW  
2
LDO1  
1
LDO2  
3
LDO3  
4
14-Pin 2.5x2.5mm  
Thin MLF®  
1.2V  
MIC2826-A0YMT  
826A0  
826D9  
-40°C to +125°C  
-40°C to +125°C  
14-Pin 2.5x2.5mm  
Thin MLF®  
1.8V  
2.5V  
1.2V  
1.2V  
1
Off  
Off  
Off  
MIC2826-D9YMT  
Note:  
1. Other Default voltages and sequences are available on request (Voltages: 0.8V to 3.3VOUT LDOs, and 0.8V to 1.8VOUT PWM).  
Please contact Micrel Marketing for other voltage ranges.  
2. Thin MLF® Pin 1 Identifier symbol is “”.  
3. Thin MLF® is a Green RoHS compliant package. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is Halogen Free.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
3
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Pin Configuration  
14-Pin 2.5mm x 2.5mm Thin MLF® (MT)  
(Top View)  
Pin Description  
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function  
1
2
3
LDO1OUT Output of LDO1: Requires a minimum 1µF ceramic capacitor-to-AGND.  
LDO2OUT Output of LDO2: Requires a minimum 1µF ceramic capacitor-to-AGND.  
LDO23IN  
External Input Supply Rail to LDO2 and LDO3. Requires a minimum 1µF ceramic  
capacitor to AGND.  
4
5
LDO3OUT Output of LDO3: Connect a minimum 1µF ceramic capacitor to AGND.  
IRQb  
SW  
Fault Output (open drain).  
6
Switch (Output): Internal power MOSFET output switches.  
Switch Ground Pin.  
7
DGND  
DVIN  
SDA  
SCL  
FB  
8
Input Voltage: Requires a close minimum 2.2µF ceramic capacitor to DGND.  
Fast-mode 400kHz I²C Data Input/Output pin.  
Fast-mode 400kHz I²C Clock Input pin.  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
Feedback Pin Connected to VOUT to sense output voltage.  
Analog Ground. Must be connected externally to DGND.  
AGND  
EN  
Enable (Input): Executes default startup sequence. Active High. HIGH = ON,  
LOW = OFF. Do not leave floating. The EN pin function is optional if I2C control  
is used for startup and shutdown.  
14  
LDO1IN  
HS PAD  
External Input Supply Rail to LDO1. Requires a minimum 1µF ceramic capacitor  
to AGND.  
EP  
Exposed Heat-Sink Pad.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
4
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)  
Operating Ratings(2)  
Supply Voltage (VDVIN, VLDO1IN, VLDO23IN) ..........-0.3V to +6V  
Enable Voltage (VEN) .......................................-0.3V to +6V  
I2C Voltage (VSDA, VSCL) ...................................-0.3V to +6V  
Power Dissipation ................................. Internally Limited(3)  
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) ..................... 260°C  
Storage Temperature (TS)...................–65°C TJ +150°C  
ESD Rating(4) .................................................................2kV  
DVIN Supply voltage (VDVIN)......................... +2.7V to +5.5V  
LDO Supply voltage (VLDO1IN, VLDO23IN)...........+1.8V to VDVIN  
Enable Input Voltage (VEN)..................................0V to VDVIN  
I2C Voltage (VSDA, VSCL) .................................... 0V to +5.5V  
Junction Temperature Range (TJ).............40°C to +125°C  
Junction Thermal Resistance  
2.5mm x 2.5mm Thin MLF-14 (θJA) ...................89°C/W  
Electrical Characteristics(5) – DC/DC Converter  
DVIN = EN = 3.6V; LDO1, LDO2, LDO3 disabled; L=1µH, COUT =4.7µF, IOUT= 20mA, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise  
specified. Bold values indicate -40°CTJ+125°C.  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
2.7  
Typ  
Max  
5.5  
Units  
Supply Voltage Range  
V
Under-Voltage Lockout  
Threshold  
Rising  
2.45  
2.55  
2.65  
35  
V
Switcher Quiescent Current,  
HLL  
IOUT = 0mA, FB > 1.2 * VOUT Nominal  
25  
2
µA  
Shutdown Current  
EN = 0V, DVIN = 5.5V  
DVIN = 3.6V; ILOAD = 20mA  
FB = 0.9* VOUT(NOM)  
5
µA  
%
Output Voltage Accuracy  
Current Limit in PWM Mode  
-3  
+3  
0.55  
1
A
Output Voltage Line Regulation  
DVIN = 3.0V to 5.5V, ILOAD = 20mA  
0.4  
0.5  
0.55  
0.6  
4
%/V  
%
Output Voltage Load Regulation 20mA < ILOAD < 500mA, DVIN = 3.6V  
ISW = 100mA PMOS  
PWM Switch ON-Resistance  
ISW = -100mA NMOS  
Frequency  
ILOAD = 120mA  
VOUT = 90%  
OFF  
MHz  
µs  
SoftStart Time  
Enable Voltage  
300  
0.2  
2
V
ON  
1.2  
Enable Input Current  
0.1  
µA  
Over-temperature Shutdown  
160  
°C  
Over-temperature Shutdown  
Hysteresis  
20  
°C  
VOUT Ramping Up  
91  
89  
%
%
VPOR Threshold  
% of VOUT below Nominal  
VOUT Ramping Down  
Auto-Discharge NFET  
resistance  
280  
Notes:  
1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device.  
2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating.  
3. The maximum allowable power dissipation of any TA (ambient temperature) is PD(max) = (TJ(max) – TA) / θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power  
dissipation will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown.  
4. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5kin series with 100pF.  
5. Specification for packaged product only.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
5
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Electrical Characteristics - LDO1, LDO2, and LDO3  
DVIN = EN = LDO1IN = LDO23IN = 3.6V; DC-DC disabled; LDO COUT =1µF, LDO IOUT = 100µA, TA = 25°C, unless  
otherwise specified. Bold values indicate -40°CTJ+125°C.  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
-3.0  
2
Typ  
Max  
+3.0  
Units  
%
Output Voltage Accuracy  
Input voltage  
Variation from nominal VOUT  
IOUT = 100µA to 150mA;  
IOUT = 100µA to 100mA; -20°C to +100°C  
Adjustable through I²C Registers  
LDO1IN, LDO23IN = VOUT +1V to 5.5V; IOUT = 100µA  
IOUT = 100µA to 75mA  
V
1.74  
0.8  
V
Output Voltage DVS Range  
Line Regulation  
3.3  
0.1  
V
0.014  
4
%/V  
mV  
mV  
mV  
mV  
mV  
Load Regulation  
Dropout Voltage  
IOUT = 50mA; VOUT = 2V  
IOUT = 150mA; VOUT = 2V  
IOUT = 50mA; VOUT = 3V  
IOUT = 150mA; VOUT = 3V  
EN = DVIN  
70  
200  
50  
350  
150  
Ground Pin Current  
Ripple Rejection  
1 LDO enabled  
50  
83  
µA  
µA  
2 LDOs enabled  
3 LDOs enabled  
116  
65  
µA  
f = up to 1kHz; COUT = 1µF; VOUT = 2.5V  
f = 1kHz - 10kHz; COUT = 1µF VOUT = 2.5V  
VOUT = 0V  
dB  
45  
dB  
Current Limit  
190  
400  
45  
550  
mA  
µVRMS  
Output Voltage Noise  
COUT = 1µF,10Hz to 100kHz  
Auto-Discharge NFET  
resistance  
280  
Electrical Characteristics – I2C Interface  
DVIN = EN = 3.6V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified. Bold values indicate -40°CTJ+125°C.  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
0.2  
Units  
LOW-Level Input Voltage  
HIGH-Level Input Voltage  
SDA Pull-down resistance  
IRQb Pull-down resistance  
V
V
1.2  
Open drain pull-down on SDA during read back  
Open drain pull-down  
80  
55  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
6
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Typical Characteristics  
Thermal Shutdown  
Enable Threshold  
vs. Input Voltage  
Enable Threshold  
vs. Temperature  
2.0  
1.8  
1.6  
1.4  
1.2  
1.0  
0.8  
0.6  
0.9  
0.8  
0.7  
0.6  
0.5  
0.4  
0.3  
0.2  
0.1  
0
0.9  
0.8  
0.7  
0.6  
0.5  
0.4  
0.3  
0.2  
0.1  
0
DVIN = 3.6V  
0.4  
VIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
0.2  
DVIN = VIN = 3.6V  
40 60 80 100 120  
0.0  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
-40 -20  
0
20  
-40  
0
40  
80  
120  
160  
200  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
LDO Input Voltage PSRR  
LDO Output Noise  
Spectral Density  
Dropout Voltage  
vs. Load Current  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
10  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
1
VLDO = 2V  
0.1  
0.01  
VLDO = 3V  
DVIN = VIN = 5.5V  
VOUT = 1.0V  
OUT = 1µF  
Load = 10mA  
Noise = (10Hz to 100kHz)=44.77µVRMS  
DVIN = 5.5V  
VIN = 3.6V  
OUT = 1.2V  
COUT = 1µF  
Load = 150mA  
C
V
DVIN = 5.5V  
OUT = 1µF  
C
0.001  
0
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07  
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07  
0
25  
50  
75  
100  
125  
150  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
Dropout Voltage  
vs. Temperature  
Dropout Voltage  
vs. Temperature  
LDO Output Voltage  
vs. Temperature  
200  
1.25  
250  
1.24  
1.23  
1.22  
1.21  
1.20  
1.19  
1.18  
1.17  
1.16  
1.15  
225  
L = 150mA  
175  
150  
125  
100  
75  
L = 150mA  
200  
175  
150  
125  
L = 100mA  
100  
L = 100mA  
75  
DVIN = VIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.2V  
COUT = 1µF  
50  
50  
25  
0
DVIN = 5.5V  
VLDO = 2V  
COUT = 1µF  
DVIN = 5.5V  
VLDO = 3V  
25  
L = 50mA  
L = 50mA  
COUT = 1µF  
Load = 100µA  
0
-40 -20  
0
20 40 60  
80 100 120  
-40 -20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80 100 120  
-40 -20  
0
20 40 60  
80 100 120  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEM PERATURE (°C)  
LDO Output Voltage  
vs. Load Current  
LDO Output Voltage  
vs. Input Voltage  
LDO Current Limit  
vs. Input Voltage  
1.250  
1.240  
1.230  
1.220  
1.210  
1.200  
1.190  
1.180  
1.170  
1.160  
1.150  
2.0  
1.8  
1.6  
1.4  
1.2  
1.0  
0.8  
0.6  
0.4  
0.2  
0.0  
700  
650  
600  
550  
500  
450  
400  
350  
300  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
DVIN = 5.5V  
VLDO = 1.8V  
COUT = 1µF  
DVIN = 5.0  
VIN = 3.6V  
COUT = 1µF  
DVIN =5.5V  
COUT = 1µF  
Load = 100µA  
0
0
0.5  
1
1.5  
2
2.5  
3
3.5  
4
4.5  
5
5.5  
2
2.5  
3
3.5  
4
4.5  
5
5.5  
0
25  
50  
75  
100  
125  
150  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
7
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Typical Characteristics (continued)  
LDO Current Limit  
vs. Temperature  
LDO Ground Current  
vs. Temperature  
LDO Ground Current  
vs. Input Voltage  
120  
100  
80  
60  
40  
20  
0
55  
53  
51  
49  
47  
45  
43  
41  
39  
37  
35  
450  
440  
430  
420  
410  
400  
390  
380  
370  
360  
350  
3 LDOs  
2 LDOs  
1 LDO  
DVIN = VIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.2V  
COUT = 1µF  
VOUT = 1.2V  
COUT = 1µF  
DVIN = VIN = 3.6V  
Load = 150mA  
Load = 100µA  
-40 -20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80 100 120  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
-40 -20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80 100 120  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEM PERATURE (°C)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
LDO Ground Current  
vs. Load Current  
DC-DC Efficiency VOUT=1.0V  
DC-DC Efficiency VOUT=1.2V  
90  
85  
80  
75  
70  
65  
60  
55  
50  
90  
85  
80  
75  
70  
65  
60  
55  
50  
51.6  
51.2  
50.8  
50.4  
50.0  
49.6  
49.2  
48.8  
48.4  
48.0  
VIN=3.6V  
VIN=2.7V  
VIN=2.7V  
VIN=4.2V  
VIN=3.6V  
VIN=4.2V  
DVIN = VIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.2V  
L = 1µH  
C = 4.7µF  
L = 1µH  
C = 4.7µF  
COUT = 1µF  
0
25  
50  
75  
100  
125  
150  
1
10  
100  
1000  
1
10  
100  
1000  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
DC-DC Efficiency VOUT=1.5V  
DC-DC Efficiency VOUT=1.8V  
DC-DC Switching Frequency  
vs. Load Current  
10  
90  
85  
80  
75  
70  
65  
60  
55  
50  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
VIN=3.6V  
VIN=2.7V  
VIN=2.7V  
VIN=3.6V  
VIN=3.0V  
1
VIN=4.2V  
VIN=4.2V  
0.1  
VIN=3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
L = 1µH  
C = 4.7µF  
L = 1µH  
C = 4.7µF  
L = 1µH  
VIN=4.2V  
10  
0.01  
1
10  
100  
1000  
1
100  
1000  
1
10  
100  
1000  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
DC-DC Switching Frequency  
vs. Load Current  
DC-DC Switching Frequency  
vs. Temperature  
DC-DC Switching Frequency  
vs. Input Voltage  
10  
1
5.0  
4.8  
4.6  
4.4  
4.2  
4.0  
3.8  
3.6  
3.4  
3.2  
3.0  
5.0  
4.5  
4.0  
3.5  
3.0  
2.5  
2.0  
1.5  
1.0  
0.5  
0.0  
L=4.7µH  
L=2.2µH  
L=1µH  
0.1  
0.01  
DVIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
L = 1µH  
C= 4.7µF  
Load = 120mA  
VOUT = 1.8V  
L = 1µH  
C= 4.7µF  
DVIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
Load = 120mA  
-40 -20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80 100 120  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
1
10  
100  
1000  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
8
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Typical Characteristics (continued)  
DC-DC Output Voltage  
vs. Load Current  
DC-DC Output Voltage  
vs. Temperature  
DC-DC Output Voltage  
vs. Input Voltage  
1.9  
1.88  
1.86  
1.84  
1.82  
1.8  
2.10  
2.06  
2.02  
1.98  
1.94  
1.90  
1.86  
1.82  
1.78  
1.74  
1.70  
1.66  
1.62  
1.58  
1.54  
1.50  
1.92  
1.90  
1.88  
1.86  
1.84  
1.82  
1.80  
1.78  
1.76  
1.74  
1.72  
1.70  
1.68  
1.78  
1.76  
1.74  
1.72  
1.7  
VIN = 3.6V  
L = 1µH  
C= 4.7µF  
DVIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
Load = 20mA  
L = 1µH  
C= 4.7µF  
Load = 20mA  
-40 -20  
0
20 40 60  
80 100 120  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
0
100  
200  
300  
400  
500  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
DC-DC Current Limit  
vs. Input Voltage  
Current Limit  
vs. Temperature  
RDSON (PMOS)  
vs. Temperature  
1.2  
1.1  
1.0  
0.9  
0.8  
0.7  
0.6  
0.5  
0.4  
0.3  
0.2  
0.1  
0.0  
1.40  
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
1.20  
1.00  
0.80  
0.60  
0.40  
0.20  
0.00  
VOUT = 1.8V  
L = 1µH  
C= 4.7µF  
DVIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
-40 -20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80 100 120  
-40 -20  
0
20  
40 60 80 100 120  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
RDSON (NMOS)  
vs. Temperature  
RDSON (PMOS)  
vs. Input Voltage  
RDSON (NMOS)  
vs. Input Voltage  
900  
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
-40 -20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80 100 120  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
Quiescent Current  
vs. Temperature  
Quiescent Current  
vs. Input Voltage  
40  
35  
30  
25  
20  
15  
10  
5
29  
28  
27  
26  
25  
24  
23  
22  
21  
20  
19  
DVIN = 3.6V  
VOUT = 1.8V  
IOUT = 0mA  
VOUT = 1.8V  
IOUT = 0mA  
0
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.9  
4.3  
4.7  
5.1  
5.5  
-40 -20  
0
20 40  
60 80 100 120  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
9
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Functional Characteristics  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
10  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Functional Characteristics (continued)  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
11  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Functional Block Diagram  
MIC2826 Block Diagram  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
12  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Power-Up via the EN Pin  
Functional Description – Power Control  
and Sequencing  
The EN pin is transition sensitive and not level sensitive  
(with the exception of hot enable—please see the  
description below). If the EN pin is toggled low-to-high,  
the MIC2826 will execute the default startup sequence.  
Two Types of Part: Sequence-Enabled and No-  
Sequence  
During the startup sequence, the appropriate set of  
supply enables is loaded into the Enable Register. This  
allows the part to present a consistent interface to the  
I²C host; if the host reads the Enable Control register, it  
will see one or more enables on, which is consistent with  
one or more active supplies.  
Sequence-Enabled  
parts  
support  
automatic  
sequencing of the four supplies. Sequence-Enabled  
parts all have a default sequence (activated by  
asserting the EN pin). These parts also allow  
sequencing to be disabled.  
While very flexible, sequence-enabled parts require  
more care in operation. See the later section  
“Ensuring Clean Switching in Sequence-Enabled  
Parts”.  
Individual control of the supplies is now possible via the  
I²C interface.  
“Hot Enable” Startup  
No-Sequence parts have no built-in sequencing  
capability. Their default startup turns on only one  
supply, which requires no sequencing. If the host  
needs more supplies to come on, this can be  
accomplished with I²C writes which allows a  
sequence activated by software to be performed.  
Some systems may choose to tie the EN pin to DVIN, so  
that the MIC2826 registers an active EN pin as it  
completes power-on. This is perfectly legal and  
produces a default startup immediately after power is  
applied. Depending on the rise time of the input power  
being applied, the UVLO flag may be set.  
Power-up State  
Power-Down via the EN Pin  
When battery power is first applied to the MIC2826, all  
I²C registers are loaded with their default (POR) values.  
If the EN pin is toggled high-to-low, the MIC2826 will  
shut down all outputs simultaneously. For reasons  
similar to those above, at the conclusion of the shutdown  
sequence, all four individual supply enables will be clear  
in the Enable Control register and the bias will be  
switched off.  
If EN is high, a default startup is executed; otherwise,  
the part remains in a quiescent state waiting to be  
started by EN or an I²C command.  
Enable Pin-Initiated Default Startup  
If the MIC2826 startup is initiated by asserting EN and  
later shutdown is initiated by clearing the Enable  
Register bits, the part will be quiescent (with all bias  
currents disabled) but EN will still be high. In this case,  
de-asserting EN will have no effect, since the part has  
already completed its shutdown.  
When EN is asserted, a default startup is executed. This  
is defined below:  
The voltage registers are loaded with their default  
values.  
In sequence-enabled parts, the Sequence Control  
bit is set to low (to allow sequencing to occur). No-  
sequence parts always have zero for the Sequence  
Control bit  
Power-Up and Power-Down via the Enable Register  
The four individual power supply enable bits in the  
Enable Register (LDO3-EN, LDO2-EN, LDO1-EN, and  
DC-EN) may be used to enable and disable individual  
supplies. If the part is sequenced-enabled, and  
sequencing is permitted by the Sequence Control bit,  
enabled supplies are turned on in sequence. Any  
disabled outputs will not participate in the sequence and  
will be ignored.  
The correct set of supply enable bits is loaded into  
the Enable Register, and the appropriate sequence  
is then executed.  
The Power-On After Fault (POAF) bit is set to its  
default state, high.  
Turning on the Power Supplies  
See also the “Ensuring Clean Switching in Sequence-  
Enabled Parts” section.  
After power is applied, the MIC2826 offers two methods  
of turning the four supply outputs on and off:  
Under no circumstances should the EN and I²C control  
be used simultaneously. The results would not be  
deterministic.  
1. Default startup sequencing or shutdown via the  
EN pin;  
2. Flexible startup sequencing or shutdown via the  
I²C interface  
If a supply output is enabled and its Voltage Control  
register is written with a new value, the output voltage  
changes immediately at the I²C acknowledge.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
13  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Fault Handling  
Interrupt Operation  
A fault is generated from either a thermal shutdown or  
under-voltage lockout event. If a fault occurs, the  
activation of the fault condition immediately turns off all  
output supplies, sets the fault flag bit(s) in the Status  
Register, and loads default values in the Enable and  
Voltage Registers. The sequence Control bit SEQ CNT  
is cleared to enable sequencing for sequence-enabled  
parts. The POAF bit is unaffected.  
If interrupts are enabled (INT-EN = 1), then the  
MIC2826’s IRQb output will be asserted (driven low)  
whenever either of the two fault bits, UVLO or TSD, are  
asserted. Clearing the fault status bit by writing a one to  
it will clear the interrupt if the fault condition is no longer  
present. If the fault is still present, the status bit will be  
asserted again, together with the IRQb output. This  
operation does not depend on the state of the POAF bit.  
The default state of the Enable Register’s POAF (Power  
On After Fault) bit is high, indicating that the MIC2826  
will perform a default start up when the fault goes away.  
If the user instead prefers that the part does not  
automatically attempt re-start after a fault, the POAF can  
be programmed to a “0”.  
The default state of the INT_EN bit is zero, so the  
interrupt output is disabled. This is done so that the  
interrupt pin does not transition in MIC2826 systems  
which use only the EN pin and not the I²C interface.  
Ensuring Clean Switching in Sequence-Enabled  
Parts  
The EN pin can be toggled high-to-low at any time to  
clear the supply enables in the Enable Register and shut  
down the part. The same can be achieved through I2C at  
any time by disabling all enables in the enable register.  
Either method can be used to shut down the part during  
a fault.  
In no-sequence parts, no sequencing ever occurs, and  
no special rules are required. However, in sequence-  
enabled parts, care must be taken when using automatic  
supply startup sequencing.  
The sequence-enabled MIC2826 accomplishes supply  
sequencing by asynchronously using one supply’s power  
good signal to enable the next supply in line. As a  
consequence “downstream” supplies can momentarily  
switch off their outputs when “upstream” supplies are  
switched in and out of the sequencing chain.  
Shutdown after a fault will maintain the fault flags in the  
status register. Only Power-on-Reset or an echo reset of  
the status register will clear these flags.  
Thermal Shutdown (TSD)  
If the MIC2826’s on-chip thermal shutdown detects that  
the die is too hot, the part will immediately turn off all  
outputs but maintain the bias to internal circuitry. The  
thermal event is logged in the Status register which can  
be read via I²C. When the thermal shutdown event is  
removed, a default startup is executed if POAF is high.  
Example:  
Suppose the sequence [DC, 1, 2, 3] is enabled and  
LDO1 is off, the others are enabled and their status is  
valid. If LDO1 is now enabled through I²C, LDO2 and  
LDO3 will turn momentarily off, until LDO1 is valid, which  
then starts LDO2 first and then LDO3.  
To avoid this, the following rules should be observed,  
which apply only to sequence-enabled parts:  
Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO)  
If the MIC2826’s on-chip voltage monitor detects a low  
voltage on the DVIN supply, the part will immediately  
turn off all outputs but maintain the bias to internal  
circuitry. When the UVLO event is removed, the outputs  
will turn on using the default startup if POAF is high.  
The UVLO event is logged in the status register which  
can be read via I²C.  
1. If all supplies are to be turned on, it is fine to use  
sequencing. This is what happens naturally as part  
of the EN-initiated default startup. It may also be  
accomplished by setting all four supply enables  
simultaneously in the Enable Register, and leaving  
the Sequence Control bit low to permit  
sequencing.  
If the power on DVIN drops too low, the MIC2826 will no  
longer be able to function reliably and will enter its  
power-on reset (POR) state. Any previously raised TSD  
or UVLO flags will now be cleared at startup  
2. When starting from an all-off condition and a  
subset of the supplies is to be turned on,  
sequencing is permitted.  
3. When one or more supplies are on, and a supply  
is to be turned off or on, sequencing must be  
disabled by setting SEQ CNT high.  
Power Good Indication and Hysteresis  
The status of all four outputs can be read via I²C in the  
status register. A register flag is set for each output  
when it reaches 90% of its regulated value and cleared  
when the output falls to about 85%.  
4. When a subset of the supplies has been turned on  
via the Enable Register, an active transition on the  
EN pin must not be used to turn on the remaining  
supplies.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
14  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Sequencing rules do not apply to the last supply in the  
sequencing chain (the supply labeled “4th” in the  
sequence table). The 4th supply may be turned on and  
off at any time, since there are no downstream supplies  
from the 4th.  
Available Default Startup Sequences  
The following table shows available default startup  
sequences for the MIC2826. Please contact Micrel  
factory to request customized default startup voltages  
and sequences.  
Sequence  
Number  
DC-  
DC  
LDO1 LDO2 LDO3 Sequence-  
Enabled  
Part?  
Sequence 0  
Sequence 2  
Sequence 9  
2nd  
1st  
On  
1st  
2nd  
Off  
3rd  
3rd  
Off  
4th  
4th  
Off  
Yes  
Yes  
No  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
15  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Functional Description – Fast-mode I²C  
Interface  
I²C Address  
The seven-bit I²C address of the MIC2826 is set at the  
factory to 1011010 binary, which would be identified as  
B4h using standard I²C nomenclature, in which the  
read/write bit takes the least significant position of the  
eight-bit address. Other I²C base addresses are  
available; please contact Micrel for details.  
Electrical Characteristics – Serial Interface Timing  
3.0V VDVIN 3.6V unless otherwise noted. Bold values indicate -40°C TA +125°C.  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
2.5  
100  
0
Typ  
Max  
Units  
µs  
t1  
t2  
t3  
t4  
t5  
SCL (clock) period  
Data In Setup Time to SCL High  
Data Out Stable After SCL Low  
SDA Low Setup Time to SCL Low  
SDA High Hold Time after SCL High  
ns  
ns  
Start  
Stop  
100  
100  
ns  
ns  
Serial Interface Timing  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
16  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Serial Port Operation  
the MIC2826, followed by a repeat of the device address  
with the R/W bit (LSB) set to the high (read) state. The  
data to be read from the part may then be clocked out.  
These protocols are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.  
The MIC2826 uses standard Write_Byte, Read_Byte,  
and Read_Word operations for communication with its  
host. The Write_Byte operation involves sending the  
device’s address (with the R/W bit low to signal a write  
operation), followed by the register address and the  
command byte. The Read_Byte operation is a composite  
write and read operation: the host first sends the  
device’s address followed by the register address, as in  
a write operation. A new start bit must then be sent to  
The Register Address is eight bits (one byte) wide. This  
byte carries the address of the MIC2826 register to be  
operated upon. Only the lower three bits are used.  
Figure 1: Write_Byte protocol  
Figure 2: Read_Byte protocol  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
17  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Enable/Startup Control Register (00h):  
Functional Description – I²C Control  
Registers  
The Enable Register is used to allow control of the  
MIC2826’s power supplies. It allows each supply to be  
turned on and off, and whether sequencing is used.  
Register  
Address  
Register  
Name  
Read/  
Write  
Description  
When a default startup is executed as a result of the EN  
pin being taken from low to high, the Sequence Control,  
and Supply Enable bits are all set to their default values.  
00h  
01h  
02h  
03h  
04h  
05h  
Enable  
Status  
DC-DC  
LDO1  
LDO2  
LDO3  
R/W  
R/W  
R/W  
R/W  
R/W  
R/W  
Enable and startup control  
register  
Regulator output & fault  
condition status register  
The Sequence Control bit, only implemented in  
sequence-enabled parts, must be used carefully. See  
the section on “Ensuring Clean Switching in Sequence-  
Enabled Parts”.  
DC-DC regulator voltage  
control register  
LDO1 voltage control  
register  
LDO2 voltage control  
register  
LDO3 voltage control  
register  
D7  
D6  
D5  
POAF  
R/W  
1
D4  
SEQ CNT  
R/W  
D3  
LDO3-EN  
R/W  
D2  
LDO2-EN  
R/W  
D1  
LDO1-EN  
R/W  
D0  
DC-EN  
R/W  
0
Name  
Reserved  
N/A  
Access  
POR Value  
Data  
00  
0
0
0
0
00  
0 = Remain off  
after fault  
0 = Sequencing  
enabled  
1 = Restore  
power after fault  
1 = Sequencing  
disabled  
0 = Disable  
1 = Enable  
Set by Default  
Startup?  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Set by a  
fault?  
Yes, if POAF=1  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
18  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Status Register (01h):  
The Status Register allows the state of each supply to  
be interrogated, supports flags that are set when fault  
conditions occur, and controls the use of the MIC2826’s  
interrupt pin.  
D7  
Reserved  
RO  
D6  
INT-EN  
R/W  
D5  
D4  
D3  
L3-Status  
RO  
D2  
L2-Status  
RO  
D1  
L1-Status  
RO  
D0  
Name  
UVLO  
TSD  
DC-Status  
RO  
Access  
Echo  
reset  
Echo reset  
POR  
Value  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data  
0: Interrupt  
is disabled  
0: Normal  
0: Normal  
0 = LDO3  
Not Valid  
0 = LDO2  
Not Valid  
0 = LDO1  
Not Valid  
0 = DC-DC  
Not Valid  
1: DVIN  
under-  
voltage  
occurred  
1: Thermal  
shutdown  
occurred  
1: Interrupt  
is enabled  
1 = LDO3  
Valid  
1 = LDO2  
Valid  
1 = LDO1  
Valid  
1 = DC-DC  
Valid  
Note:  
“Echo reset” bits remain set until cleared. Clearing these bits is accomplished by writing a one to that bit location (“echo the one to reset”). If the fault  
condition (UVLO or thermal shutdown) persists after the echo reset, the corresponding Status Register bit will be set high again immediately.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
19  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
DC-DC Regulator Voltage Control Register (02h)  
DC-DC Regulator Voltage Control Register Table  
DC-DC Regulator Voltage Control Register Address: 02h  
This register controls the output voltage of the DC-DC  
PWM/PFM Regulator. The DC-DC Regulator employs a  
dual scale voltage step size to cover a wide range of  
output voltages from 0.8V to 1.8V. From 0.8V to 1.2V a  
step size of 25mV allows maximum power saving when  
the Processor Core is placed into a light load state. From  
1.2V to 1.8V, a step size of 50mV provides a wide range  
of output voltages for power system flexibility.  
Step Size  
Register Value  
Output Voltage  
25mV  
00h  
01h  
02h  
03h  
04h  
05h  
06h  
07h  
08h  
09h  
0Ah  
0Bh  
0Ch  
0Dh  
0Eh  
0Fh  
10h  
11h  
12h  
13h  
14h  
15h  
16h  
17h  
18h  
19h  
1Ah  
1Bh  
1Ch  
0.800  
0.825  
0.850  
0.875  
0.900  
0.925  
0.950  
0.975  
1.000  
1.025  
1.050  
1.075  
1.100  
1.125  
1.150  
1.175  
1.200  
1.250  
1.300  
1.350  
1.400  
1.450  
1.500  
1.550  
1.600  
1.650  
1.700  
1.750  
1.800  
50mV  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
20  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
LDO1, LDO2, LDO3 Voltage Control Registers Table  
LDO1 Regulator Voltage Control Register Address: 03h  
LDO2 Regulator Voltage Control Register Address: 04h  
LDO3 Regulator Voltage Control Register Address: 05h  
Step Size  
Register Value  
Output Voltage  
Step Size  
Register Value  
Output Voltage  
50mV  
00h  
0Bh  
14h  
1Dh  
25h  
2Eh  
37h  
3Eh  
45h  
4Ch  
52h  
57h  
5Ch  
61h  
65h  
69h  
6Dh  
72h  
79h  
7Fh  
85h  
8Bh  
91h  
96h  
9Ah  
9Fh  
A4h  
A8h  
ACh  
B0h  
B4h  
B7h  
0.800  
0.850  
0.900  
0.950  
1.000  
1.050  
1.100  
1.150  
1.200  
1.250  
1.300  
1.350  
1.400  
1.450  
1.500  
1.550  
1.600  
1.650  
1.700  
1.750  
1.800  
1.850  
1.900  
1.950  
2.000  
2.050  
2.100  
2.150  
2.200  
2.250  
2.300  
2.350  
50mV  
BAh  
BDh  
C1h  
C4h  
C7h  
C9h  
CCh  
CEh  
D1h  
D3h  
D6h  
D8h  
DAh  
DCh  
DEh  
E1h  
E3h  
E6h  
E8h  
2.400  
2.450  
2.500  
2.550  
2.600  
2.650  
2.700  
2.750  
2.800  
2.850  
2.900  
2.950  
3.000  
3.050  
3.100  
3.150  
3.200  
3.250  
3.300  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
21  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
LDO1OUT  
Functional Description  
The LDO1OUT pin provides the regulated output voltage  
of LDO1. Power is provided by LDO1IN. LDO1OUT  
voltage can be dynamically scaled through I2C control.  
The recommended output capacitance is 1µF,  
decoupled to AGND.  
DVIN  
The DVIN pin provides power to the source of the  
internal switch P-channel MOSFET, I2C control and  
voltage references for the MIC2826. The DVIN operating  
voltage range is from 2.7V to 5.5V. In order for any  
MIC2826 outputs to regulate, the appropriate input  
voltage must be applied to the DVIN pin. Due to the  
LDO2OUT  
The LDO2OUT pin provides the regulated output voltage  
of LDO2. Power is provided by LDO23IN. LDO2OUT  
voltage can be dynamically scaled through I2C control.  
The recommended output capacitance is 1µF,  
decoupled to AGND.  
high switching speeds,  
a
4.7µF capacitor is  
recommended as close as possible to the DVIN and  
power ground (DGND) pin for bypassing. Please refer to  
layout recommendations.  
LDO1IN  
LDO3OUT  
LDO1IN provides power to the source of LDO1 P-  
channel MOSFET. The LDO1IN operating voltage range  
is from 1.8V to VDVIN. The recommended bypass  
capacitor is 1µF.  
The LDO3OUT pin provides the regulated output voltage  
of LDO3. Power is provided by LDO23IN. LDO3OUT  
voltage can be dynamically scaled through I2C control.  
The recommended output capacitance is 1µF,  
decoupled to AGND.  
LDO23IN  
LDO23IN provides power to the source of the MIC2826  
LDO2 and LDO3 P-channel MOSFET. The LDO23IN  
operating voltage range is from 1.8V to VDVIN. The  
recommended bypass capacitor is 1µF.  
SCL  
The I2C clock input pin provides a reference clock for  
clocking in the data signal. This is a fast-mode 400kHz  
input pin, and requires a 4.7kpull-up resistor. Please  
refer to “Serial Port Operation” for more details.  
EN  
The enable pin controls the ON and OFF state of all the  
outputs of the MIC2826. The EN pin is transition  
sensitive and not level sensitive. By toggling the enable  
pin low-to-high, this activates the default startup  
sequence of the part.  
SDA  
The I2C data bidirectional pin allows for data to be  
written to and read from the MIC2826. This is a fast-  
mode 400kHz I2C pin, and requires a 4.7kpull-up  
resistor. Please refer to “Serial Port Operation” for more  
details.  
SW  
The switching pin connects directly to one end of the  
inductor and provides the switching current during  
switching cycles. The other end of the inductor is  
connected to the load, output capacitor, and the FB pin.  
Due to the high speed switching on this pin, the switch  
node should be routed away from sensitive nodes.  
IRQb  
The IRQb (open drain) pin provides an interrupt for when  
either the UVLO or TSD faults are asserted. When  
enabled through I2C, the IRQb pin will assert together  
with the corresponding fault condition. Please refer to  
the “Interrupt Operation” for more details.  
FB  
DGND  
The feedback pin provides the control path to control the  
output. A recommended 4.7µF bypass capacitor should  
be connected in shunt with the DC-DC output. It is good  
practice to connect the output bypass capacitor to the  
Power ground (DGND) is the ground path for the DC-DC  
MOSFET drive current. The current loop for the Power  
ground should be as small as possible and separate  
from the Analog ground (AGND) loop. Refer to the layout  
consideration for more details.  
DGND and FB should be routed to the top of COUT  
.
AGND  
Analog ground (AGND) is the ground path for the biasing  
and control circuitry. The current loop for the Analog  
ground should be separate from the Power ground  
(AGND) loop. Refer to the layout consideration for more  
details.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
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Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
The MIC2826 was designed for use with an inductance  
range from 0.47µH to 4.7µH. Typically, a 1µH inductor is  
recommended for a balance of transient response,  
efficiency and output ripple. For faster transient  
response a 0.47µH inductor may be used. For lower  
output ripple, a 4.7µH is recommended.  
Application Information  
The Micrel MIC2826 is a four output, programmable  
Power Management IC, optimized for high efficiency  
power support. The device integrates a single 500mA  
PWM/PFM synchronous buck (step-down) regulator with  
three Low Dropout Regulators and an I²C interface that  
provides programmable Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS),  
Power Sequencing, and individual output Enable/Disable  
controls allowing the user to optimally control all four  
outputs.  
Proper selection should ensure the inductor can handle  
the maximum average and peak currents required by the  
load. Maximum current ratings of the inductor are  
generally given in two methods; permissible DC current  
and saturation current. Permissible DC current can be  
rated either for a 40°C temperature rise or a 10% to 20%  
loss in inductance. Ensure the inductor selected can  
handle the maximum operating current. When saturation  
current is specified, make sure that there is enough  
margin that the peak current will not saturate the  
inductor. Peak current can be calculated as follows:  
Input Capacitors  
A 4.7µF ceramic capacitor is recommended on the DVIN  
pin for bypassing. X5R or X7R dielectrics are  
recommended for the input capacitor. Y5V dielectrics  
lose most of their capacitance over temperature and are  
therefore not recommended. Also, tantalum and  
electrolytic capacitors alone are not recommended  
because of their reduced RMS current handling,  
reliability, and ESR increases.  
1VOUT/V  
IN  
IPEAK = I  
OUT  
+ VOUT  
2× f ×L  
As shown by the previous calculation, the peak inductor  
current is inversely proportional to the switching  
frequency and the inductance; the lower the switching  
frequency or the inductance the higher the peak current.  
As input voltage increases, the peak current also  
increases.  
An additional 0.1µF is recommended close to the DVIN  
and DGND pins for high frequency filtering. Smaller case  
size capacitors are recommended due to their lower  
ESR and ESL.  
Minimum 1.0µF ceramic capacitors are recommended  
on the LDO1IN and LDO23IN pins for bypassing.  
Please refer to layout recommendations for proper  
layout of the input capacitors.  
The size of the inductor depends on the requirements of  
the application. Refer to the Application Circuit and Bill of  
Material for details.  
Output Capacitors  
DC resistance (DCR) is also important. While DCR is  
inversely proportional to size, DCR can represent a  
significant efficiency loss. Refer to the Efficiency  
Considerations.  
The MIC2826 is designed for a 2.2µF or greater ceramic  
output capacitor for the DC-DC converter and 1.0µF for  
the LDO regulators. Increasing the output capacitance  
will lower output ripple and improve load transient  
response but could increase solution size or cost. A low  
equivalent series resistance (ESR) ceramic output  
capacitor such as the TDK C1608X5R0J475K, size  
0603, 4.7µF ceramic capacitor is recommended based  
upon performance, size and cost. X5R or X7R dielectrics  
are recommended for the output capacitor. Y5V  
dielectrics lose most of their capacitance over  
temperature and are therefore not recommended.  
Efficiency Considerations  
Efficiency is defined as the amount of useful output  
power, divided by the amount of power supplied.  
VOUT ×IOUT  
Efficiency % =  
×100  
V ×IIN  
IN  
Maintaining high efficiency serves two purposes. It  
reduces power dissipation in the power supply, reducing  
the need for heat sinks and thermal design  
considerations and it reduces consumption of current for  
battery powered applications. Reduced current draw  
from a battery increases the devices operating time and  
is critical in hand held devices.  
In addition to a 4.7µF, a small 0.1µF is recommended  
close to the load for high frequency filtering. Smaller  
case size capacitors are recommended due to their  
lower equivalent series ESR and ESL.  
Inductor  
There are two types of losses in switching converters;  
DC losses and switching losses. DC losses are simply  
the power dissipation of I2R. Power is dissipated in the  
high side switch during the on cycle. Power loss is equal  
to the high side MOSFET RDSON multiplied by the Switch  
Current squared. During the off cycle, the low side N-  
channel MOSFET conducts, also dissipating power.  
Device operating current also reduces efficiency. The  
Inductor selection will be determined by the following  
(not necessarily in the order of importance);  
Inductance  
Rated current value  
Size requirements  
DC resistance (DCR)  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
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Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
product of the quiescent (operating) current and the  
supply voltage is another DC loss. The current required  
driving the gates on and off at a constant 4MHz  
frequency and the switching transitions make up the  
switching losses.  
PMOS on and keeps it on for the duration of the  
minimum-on-time. This increases the output voltage. If  
the output voltage is over the regulation threshold, then  
the error comparator turns the PMOS off for a minimum-  
off-time until the output drops below the threshold. The  
NMOS acts as an ideal rectifier that conducts when the  
PMOS is off. Using a NMOS switch instead of a diode  
allows for lower voltage drop across the switching device  
when it is on. The asynchronous switching combination  
between the PMOS and the NMOS allows the control  
loop to work in discontinuous mode for light load  
operations. In discontinuous mode, the MIC2826 works  
in pulse frequency modulation (PFM) to regulate the  
output. As the output current increases, the off-time  
decreases, thus providing more energy to the output.  
This switching scheme improves the efficiency of  
MIC2826 during light load currents by only switching  
when it is needed. As the load current increases, the  
MIC2826 goes into continuous conduction mode (CCM)  
and switches at a frequency centered at 4MHz. The  
equation to calculate the load when the MIC2826 goes  
into continuous conduction mode may be approximated  
by the following formula:  
Efficiency VOUT=1.8V  
100  
VIN=3.6V  
90  
80  
70  
VIN=2.7V  
60  
VIN=4.2V  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
1
10  
100  
1000  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
The Figure above shows an efficiency curve. From no  
load to 100mA, efficiency losses are dominated by  
quiescent current losses, gate drive and transition  
losses. By using the HyperLight Load™ mode the  
MIC2826 is able to maintain high efficiency at low output  
currents.  
(
V
IN VOUT  
)
×D  
ILOAD  
>
2L× f  
As shown in the previous equation, the load at which  
MIC2826 transitions from HyperLight Load™ mode to  
PWM mode is a function of the input voltage (VIN), output  
voltage (VOUT), duty cycle (D), inductance (L) and  
frequency (f). This is illustrated in the graph below. Since  
the inductance range of MIC2826 is from 0.47µH to  
4.7µH, the device may then be tailored to enter  
HyperLight Load™ mode or PWM mode at a specific  
load current by selecting the appropriate inductance. For  
example, in the graph below, when the inductance is  
4.7µH the MIC2826 will transition into PWM mode at a  
load of approximately 5mA. Under the same condition,  
when the inductance is 1µH, the MIC2826 will transition  
into PWM mode at approximately 70mA.  
Over 100mA, efficiency loss is dominated by MOSFET  
RDSON and inductor losses. Higher input supply voltages  
will increase the Gate-to-Source threshold on the  
internal MOSFETs, thereby reducing the internal RDSON  
.
This improves efficiency by reducing DC losses in the  
device. All but the inductor losses are inherent to the  
device. In which case, inductor selection becomes  
increasingly critical in efficiency calculations. As the  
inductors are reduced in size, the DC resistance (DCR)  
can become quite significant. The DCR losses can be  
calculated as follows:  
DCR Loss = IOUT2 × DCR  
From that, the loss in efficiency due to inductor  
resistance can be calculated as follows:  
Switching Frequency  
vs. Load Current  
VOUT ×IOUT  
VOUT ×IOUT + L_PD  
10  
EfficiencyLoss = 1−  
×100  
L=4.7µH  
Efficiency loss due to DCR is minimal at light loads and  
gains significance as the load is increased. Inductor  
selection becomes a trade-off between efficiency and  
size in this case.  
1
L=2.2µH  
L=1µH  
0.1  
HyperLight Load Mode™  
The MIC2826 uses a minimum on and off time  
proprietary control loop (patented by Micrel). When the  
output voltage falls below the regulation threshold, the  
error comparator begins a switching cycle that turns the  
0.01  
1
10  
100  
1000  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
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Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Recommended Schematic  
Bill of Materials  
Item  
Part Number  
Manufacturer Description  
Qty.  
C1, C2, C3, GRM155R61A105KE15D  
Murata(1)  
TDK(2)  
Capacitor, 1µF, 10V, X5R, 0402 size  
5
C4, C5  
C1005X5R0J105KT  
Capacitor, 1µF, 10V, X5R, 0402 size  
C6, C7  
GRM188R60J475K  
C1608X5R0J475M  
CRCW040210K0FKEA  
CRCW04024K70FKEA  
0022152046  
Murata(1)  
TDK(2)  
Vishay(3)  
Vishay(3)  
Molex(4)  
Murata(1))  
TDK(2)  
Coilcraft(5  
Samsung(6)  
Micrel, Inc.(7)  
Capacitor, 4.7µF, 6.3V, X5R, 0603 size  
Capacitor, 4.7µF, 6.3V, X5R, 0603 size  
Resistor, 10k, 1%, 1/16W, 0402 size  
Resistor, 4.7k, 1%, 1/16W, 0402 size  
Connector, 2.54mm (0.1”) Pitch PCB Connector, 4 circuits  
Inductor, 1.0µH, 0.8A, 2.0 x 1.25 x 0.5mm  
Inductor, 1.0µH, 1.5A, 2.5 x 2.0 x 1.0mm  
Inductor, 1.0µH, 1.1A, 2.0 x 1.9 x 1.0mm  
Inductor, 1.0µH, 1.05A, 2.0 x 1.25 x 1.0mm  
2
R1, R4  
R2, R3  
JP1  
2
2
1
L1  
LQM21PN1R0MC0  
MLP2520S1R0L  
1
XPL2010-102ML  
CIG21W1R0MNE  
MIC2826-xxYMT  
U1  
Quad Output PMIC with HyperLight Load™ DC-DC,  
Three LDOs, and I2C Control  
1
Notes:  
1. Murata Tel: www.murata.com.  
2. TDK: www.tdk.com.  
3. Vishay Tel: www.vishay.com.  
4. Molex.: www.molex.com.  
5. Coilcraft: www.coilcraft.com.  
6. Samsung: www.sem.samsung.com.  
7. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
25  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Recommended Layout  
Top Layout  
Bottom Layout  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
26  
Micrel, Inc.  
MIC2826  
Package Information  
14-Pin 2.5mm x 2.5mm Thin MLF® (MT)  
MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA  
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com  
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its  
use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer.  
Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product  
can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant  
into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A  
Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully  
indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale.  
© 2009 Micrel, Incorporated.  
M9999-071609-A  
July 2009  
27  

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