MPC93R51FA [MOTOROLA]

PLL BASED CLOCK DRIVER, 9 TRUE OUTPUT(S), 0 INVERTED OUTPUT(S), PQFP32, 7 X 7 MM, PLASTIC, LQFP-32;
MPC93R51FA
型号: MPC93R51FA
厂家: MOTOROLA    MOTOROLA
描述:

PLL BASED CLOCK DRIVER, 9 TRUE OUTPUT(S), 0 INVERTED OUTPUT(S), PQFP32, 7 X 7 MM, PLASTIC, LQFP-32

驱动 输出元件 逻辑集成电路
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ꢀꢁ ꢂ ꢁꢃ ꢁ ꢄꢅ  
SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA  
Order Number: MPC93R51/D  
Rev 1, 05/2003  
The MPC93R51 is a 3.3V compatible, PLL based clock generator tar-  
geted for high performance clock distribution systems. With output fre-  
quencies of up to 240 MHz and a maximum output skew of 150 ps the  
MPC93R51 is an ideal solution for the most demanding clock tree de-  
signs. The device offers 9 low skew clock outputs, each is configurable to  
support the clocking needs of the various high-performance microproces-  
sors including the PowerQuicc II integrated communication microproces-  
sor. The devices employs a fully differential PLL design to minimize cycle-  
to-cycle and long-term jitter.  
2
LOW VOLTAGE 3.3V  
PLL CLOCK GENERATOR  
Features  
9 outputs LVCMOS PLL clock generator  
25 - 240 MHz output frequency range  
Fully integrated PLL  
Compatible to various microprocessors such as PowerQuicc II  
Supports networking, telecommunications and computer applications  
Configurable outputs: divide-by-2, 4 and 8 of VCO frequency  
LVPECL and LVCMOS compatible inputs  
External feedback enables zero-delay configurations  
Output enable/disable and static test mode (PLL enable/disable)  
Low skew characteristics: maximum 150 ps output-to-output  
Cycle-to-cycle jitter max. 22 ps RMS  
FA SUFFIX  
LQFP PACKAGE  
CASE 873A  
32 lead LQFP package  
Ambient Temperature Range 0°C to +70°C  
Pin & Function Compatible with the MPC951  
Functional Description  
The MPC93R51 utilizes PLL technology to frequency and phase lock its outputs onto an input reference clock. Normal  
operation of the MPC93R51 requires a connection of one of the device outputs to the EXT_FB input to close the PLL feedback  
path. The reference clock frequency and the output divider for the feedback path determine the VCO frequency. Both must be  
selected to match the VCO frequency range. With available output dividers of divide-by-4 and divide-by-8 the internal VCO of the  
MPC93R51 is running at either 4x or 8x of the reference clock frequency. The frequency of the QA, QB, QC and QD outputs is  
either the one half, one fourth or one eighth of the selected VCO frequency and can be configured for each output bank using the  
FSELA, FSELB, FSELC and FSELD pins, respectively. The available output to input frequency ratios are 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and  
1:4. The REF_SEL pin selects the differential LVPECL (PCLK and PCLK) or the LVCMOS compatible reference input (TCLK).  
The MPC93R51 also provides a static test mode when the PLL enable pin (PLL_EN) is pulled to logic low state. In test mode, the  
selected input reference clock is routed directly to the output dividers bypassing the PLL. The test mode is intended for system  
diagnostics, test and debug purpose. This test mode is fully static and the minimum clock frequency specification does not apply.  
The outputs can be disabled by deasserting the OE pin (logic high state). In PLL mode, deasserting OE causes the PLL to loose  
lock due to no feedback signal presence at EXT_FB. Asserting OE will enable the outputs and close the phase locked loop, also  
enabling the PLL to recover to normal operation. The MPC93R51 is 3.3V compatible and requires no external loop filter compo-  
nents. All inputs except PCLK and PCLK accept LVCMOS signals while the outputs provide LVCMOS compatible levels with the  
capability to drive terminated 50 W transmission lines. For series terminated transmission lines, each of the MPC93R51 outputs  
can drive one or two traces giving the devices an effective fanout of 1:18. The device is packaged in a 7x7 mm2 32-lead LQFP  
package.  
Application Information  
The fully integrated PLL of the MPC93R51 allows the low skew outputs to lock onto a clock input and distribute it with  
essentially zero propagation delay to multiple components on the board. In zero-delay buffer mode, the PLL minimizes phase  
offset between the outputs and the reference signal.  
130  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
MPC93R51  
(pullup)  
PCLK  
PCLK  
0
1
0
1
÷2  
÷4  
÷8  
0
1
PLL  
Ref  
FB  
(pulldown)  
D
D
D
Q
Q
Q
QA  
QB  
TCLK  
(pulldown)  
(pulldown)  
REF_SEL  
EXT_FB  
0
1
200 - 480 MHz  
2
(pullup)  
PLL_EN  
QC0  
QC1  
0
1
(pulldown)  
(pulldown)  
(pulldown)  
FSELA  
FSELB  
QD0  
FSELC  
FSELD  
(pulldown)  
QD1  
QD2  
QD3  
QD4  
0
1
D
Q
(pulldown)  
OE  
Figure 1. MPC93R51 Logic Diagram  
ꢓ ꢙ  
ꢂꢐ  
MPC93R51  
ꢁꢂ  
ꢉꢆ ꢊꢋ  
ꢌ ꢊꢊꢍ ꢎꢁ  
ꢎꢕ  
ꢖꢎ  
ꢌ ꢆꢊ ꢋ  
Figure 2. Pinout: 32–Lead LQFP Package Pinout (Top View)  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
131  
MPC93R51  
PIN CONFIGURATION  
Pin  
I/O  
Type  
LVPECL  
Function  
PCLK, PCLK  
Input  
Differential clock reference  
Low voltage positive ECL input  
TCLK  
Input  
Input  
Input  
Input  
Input  
Input  
Input  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
Single ended reference clock signal or test clock  
Feedback signal input, connect to a QA, QB, QC, QD output  
Selects input reference clock  
EXT_FB  
REF_SEL  
FSELA  
FSELB  
FSELC  
FSELD  
Output A divider selection  
Output B divider selection  
2
Outputs C divider selection  
Outputs D divider selection  
OE  
Input  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
VCC  
Output enable/disable  
QA  
Output  
Output  
Output  
Output  
Supply  
Supply  
Supply  
Bank A clock output  
QB  
Bank B clock output  
QC0, QC1  
QD0 - QD4  
VCCA  
VCC  
Bank C clock outputs  
Bank D clock outputs  
Positive power supply for the PLL  
Positive power supply for I/O and core  
Negative power supply  
VCC  
GND  
Ground  
FUNCTION TABLE  
Control  
Default  
0
1
REF_SEL  
0
1
Selects PCLK as reference clock  
Selects TCLK as reference clock  
PLL_EN  
Test mode with PLL disabled. The input clock is  
directly routed to the output dividers  
PLL enabled. The VCO output is routed to the  
output dividers  
OE  
0
Outputs enabled  
Outputs disabled, PLL loop is open  
VCO is forced to its minimum frequency  
FSELA  
FSELB  
FSELC  
FSELD  
0
0
0
0
QA = VCO ÷ 2  
QB = VCO ÷ 4  
QC = VCO ÷ 4  
QD = VCO ÷ 4  
QA = VCO ÷ 4  
QB = VCO ÷ 8  
QC = VCO ÷ 8  
QD = VCO ÷ 8  
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSa  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Min  
-0.3  
-0.3  
-0.3  
Max  
Unit  
V
Condition  
V
CC  
Supply Voltage  
3.9  
V
DC Input Voltage  
DC Output Voltage  
DC Input Current  
DC Output Current  
Storage Temperature  
V
V
+0.3  
V
IN  
CC  
CC  
V
OUT  
+0.3  
V
I
IN  
20  
50  
mA  
mA  
°C  
I
OUT  
T
-55  
150  
S
a. Absolute maximum continuos ratings are those maximum values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to these conditions  
or conditions beyond those indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation at absolute-maximum-rated conditions is not  
implied.  
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Output Termination Voltage  
ESD (Machine Model)  
ESD (Human Body Model)  
Latch–Up  
Min  
Typ  
V B 2  
CC  
Max  
Unit  
V
Condition  
V
TT  
MM  
HBM  
LU  
200  
2000  
200  
V
V
mA  
pF  
pF  
C
Power Dissipation Capacitance  
10  
Per output  
Inputs  
PD  
C
4.0  
IN  
132  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
MPC93R51  
DC CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3.3V 5%, TA = 0° to 70°C)  
Sym-  
bol  
Characteristics  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
+ 0.3  
Unit  
Condition  
V
IH  
Input High Voltage  
2.0  
V
V
V
LVCMOS  
CC  
V
IL  
Input Low Voltage  
0.8  
LVCMOS  
LVPECL  
LVPECL  
V
PP  
Peak-to-Peak Input Voltage  
PCLK, PCLK  
PCLK, PCLK  
250  
mV  
a
V
CMR  
Common Mode Range  
Output High Voltage  
Output Low Voltage  
1.0  
2.4  
V
-0.6  
V
V
CC  
b
V
OH  
I
=-24 mA  
OH  
V
OL  
0.55  
0.30  
V
V
I
OL  
I
OL  
= 24 mA  
= 12 mA  
2
Z
OUT  
Output Impedance  
14 - 17  
W
I
Input Leakage Current  
Maximum PLL Supply Current  
200  
5.0  
10  
µA  
mA  
mA  
V
V
= V or GND  
CC  
IN  
IN  
I
3.0  
7.0  
Pin  
CCA  
CCA  
CCQ  
I
Maximum Quiescent Supply Current  
All V Pins  
CC  
a. V  
(DC) is the crosspoint of the differential input signal. Functional operation is obtained when the crosspoint is within the V  
range  
CMR  
CMR  
and the input swing lies within the V (DC) specification.  
PP  
b. The MPC93R51 is capable of driving 50transmission lines on the incident edge. Each output drives one 50parallel terminated trans-  
mission line to a termination voltage of V . Alternatively, the device drives up to two 50series terminated transmission lines.  
TT  
AC CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3.3V 5%, TA = 0° to 70°C)a  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Condition  
b
f
ref  
Input Frequency  
÷ 4 feedback  
÷ 8 feedback  
Static test mode  
50  
25  
0
120  
60  
300  
MHz  
MHz  
MHz  
PLL_EN = 1  
PLL_EN = 1  
PLL_EN = 0  
f
f
VCO Frequency  
200  
480  
MHz  
VCO  
b
Maximum Output Frequency  
÷ 2 output  
÷ 4 output  
÷ 8 output  
100  
50  
25  
240  
120  
60  
MHz  
MHz  
MHz  
MAX  
f
Reference Input Duty Cycle  
25  
500  
1.2  
75  
%
refDC  
V
PP  
Peak-to-Peak Input Voltage PCLK, PCLK  
1000  
mV  
LVPECL  
c
V
Common Mode Range  
PCLK, PCLK  
V
-0.9  
V
LVPECL  
CMR  
d
CC  
tr, tf  
TCLK Input Rise/Fall Time  
1.0  
ns  
0.8 to 2.0V  
t
(
Propagation Delay (static phase offset)  
TCLK to EXT_FB  
)
–50  
+25  
+150  
+325  
ps  
ps  
PLL locked  
PLL locked  
PCLK to EXT_FB  
t
Output-to-Output Skew  
150  
ps  
sk(o)  
DC  
Output Duty Cycle  
100 – 240 MHz  
50 – 120 MHz  
25 – 60 MHz  
45  
47.5  
48.75  
50  
50  
50  
55  
52.5  
51.75  
%
%
%
t , t  
Output Rise/Fall Time  
Output Disable Time  
Output Enable Time  
0.1  
1.0  
ns  
ns  
ns  
0.55 to 2.4V  
r
f
t
t
7.0  
PLZ, HZ  
6.0  
PZL, ZH  
BW  
PLL closed loop bandwidth ÷ 4 feedback  
÷ 8 feedback  
3.0 – 9.5  
1.2 – 2.1  
MHz  
MHz  
–3 db point of  
PLL transfer  
characteristic  
t
Cycle-to-cycle jitter  
Single Output Frequency Configuration  
÷ 4 feedback  
10  
8.0  
22  
15  
ps  
ps  
RMS value  
RMS value  
RMS value  
JIT(CC)  
t
Period Jitter  
Single Output Frequency Configuration  
÷ 4 feedback  
JIT(PER)  
t
I/O Phase Jitter  
4.0 – 17  
ps  
JIT(  
)
t
Maximum PLL Lock Time  
1.0  
ms  
LOCK  
a. AC characteristics apply for parallel output termination of 50to V  
TT  
b. The PLL will be unstable with a divide by 2 feedback ratio.  
c. V  
(AC) is the crosspoint of the differential input signal. Normal AC operation is obtained when the crosspoint is within the V  
range  
CMR  
CMR  
and the input swing lies within the V (AC) specification. Violation of V  
or V impacts static phase offset t  
.
)
PP  
CMR  
PP  
(
d. The MPC93R51 will operate with input rise/fall times up to 3.0 ns, but the AC characteristics, specifically t , can only be guaranteed if tr/tf  
(
)
are within the specified range.  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
133  
MPC93R51  
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION  
Programming the MPC93R51  
the various output configurations, the table describes the out-  
puts using the input clock frequency CLK as a reference.  
The MPC93R51 clock driver outputs can be configured into  
several divider modes, in addition the external feedback of the  
device allows for flexibility in establishing various input to out-  
put frequency relationships. The output divider of the four out-  
put groups allows the user to configure the outputs into 1:1,  
2:1, 4:1 and 4:2:1 frequency ratios. The use of even dividers  
ensure that the output duty cycle is always 50%. “Output Fre-  
The output division settings establish the output relation-  
ship, in addition, it must be ensured that the VCO will be stable  
given the frequency of the outputs desired. The feedback fre-  
quency should be used to situate the VCO into a frequency  
range in which the PLL will be stable. The design of the PLL  
supports output frequencies from 25 MHz to 240 MHz while the  
VCO frequency range is specified from 200 MHz to 480 MHz  
2
quency Relationship for an Example Configuration” illustrates and should not be exceeded for stable operation.  
Output Frequency Relationshipa for an Example Configuration  
Inputs  
Outputs  
FSELA  
FSELB  
FSELC  
FSELD  
QA  
QB  
CLK  
QC  
QD  
CLK  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
4 * CLK  
4 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
4 * CLK  
4 * CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK ÷ 2  
2* CLK  
CLK  
2 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
CLK ÷ 2  
CLK ÷ 2  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK ÷ 2  
2 * CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK ÷ 2  
2 * CLK  
CLK  
2 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
CLK  
2 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
CLK ÷ 2  
CLK ÷ 2  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK  
CLK ÷ 2  
2 * CLK  
CLK  
2 * CLK  
2 * CLK  
CLK  
a. Output frequency relationship with respect to input reference frequency CLK. QC1 is connected to EXT_FB.  
Using the MPC93R51 in zero–delay applications  
Nested clock trees are typical applications for the  
MPC93R51. For these applications the MPC93R51 offers a  
differential LVPECL clock input pair as a PLL reference. This  
allows for the use of differential LVPECL primary clock distribu-  
tion devices such as the Motorola MC100EP111 or  
MC10EP222, taking advantage of its superior low-skew perfor-  
mance. Clock trees using LVPECL for clock distribution and  
the MPC93R51 as LVCMOS PLL fanout buffer with zero inser-  
tion delay will show significantly lower clock skew than clock  
distributions developed from CMOS fanout buffers.  
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇ  
The external feedback option of the MPC93R51 PLL allows  
for its use as a zero delay buffer. The PLL aligns the feedback  
clock output edge with the clock input reference edge and  
virtually eliminates the propagation delay through the device.  
MPC93R51 zero–delay configuration (feedback of QD4)  
The remaining insertion delay (skew error) of the  
MPC93R51 in zero-delay applications is measured between  
the reference clock input and any output. This effective delay  
Calculation of part-to-part skew  
The MPC93R51 zero delay buffer supports applications  
consists of the static phase offset (SPO or t()), I/O jitter where critical clock signal timing can be maintained across  
(tJIT(, phase or long-term jitter), feedback path delay and the several devices. If the reference clock inputs (TCLK or PCLK)  
)
output-to-output skew (tSK(O) relative to the feedback output. of two or more MPC93R51 are connected together, the maxi-  
134  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
MPC93R51  
mum overall timing uncertainty from the common TCLK input  
to any output is:  
Above equation uses the maximum I/O jitter number shown  
in the AC characteristic table for VCC=3.3V (17 ps RMS). I/O  
jitter is frequency dependant with a maximum at the lowest  
VCO frequency (200 MHz for the MPC93R51). Applications  
using a higher VCO frequency exhibit less I/O jitter than the AC  
characteristic limit. The I/O jitter characteristics in Figure 4 can  
be used to derive a smaller I/O jitter number at the specific  
VCO frequency, resulting in tighter timing limits in zero-delay  
tSK(PP) = t + tSK(O) + tPD, LINE(FB) + tJIT( CF  
)
(
)
This maximum timing uncertainty consist of 4 components:  
static phase offset, output skew, feedback board trace delay  
and I/O (phase) jitter:  
mode and for part-to-part skew tSK(PP)  
.
ꢉ ꢆꢊ ꢋ  
ꢆ ꢫꢿ  
ꢫꢦ  
ꢌ ꢂ ꢺ ꢊ ꢻ ꢁ ꢎ ꢶ ꢕ ꢄ ꢹ  
ꢶ ꢹ  
2
ꢃ ꢕꢄ  
ꢂ ꢞ  
ꢈꢦ ꢯ ꢃ  
ꢂ ꢞ  
t  
ꢖ ꢋ ꢶ ꢇ ꢹ  
ꢶ ꢹ  
ꢃ ꢕꢄ  
ꢂꢞ ꣀ  
ꢣꢱꢞ ꢏ  
ꢼ ꢻ ꢉ ꢶ ꢹ  
ꢈꢦ ꢯ ꢃ  
ꢂ ꢞ ꣀ  
t  
ꢖ ꢋ ꢶ ꢇ ꢹ  
Figure 4. Max. I/O Jitter (RMS) versus frequency for  
CC=3.3V  
V
ꢟꢥ ꢧꢰ ꢤꢸꢞ ꢮ  
ꢖ ꢋ ꢶ ꢌ ꢌ ꢹ  
Power Supply Filtering  
Figure 3. MPC93R51 max. device-to-device skew  
The MPC93R51 is a mixed analog/digital product. Its analog  
circuitry is naturally susceptible to random noise, especially if  
this noise is seen on the power supply pins. Noise on the VCCA  
(PLL) power supply impacts the device characteristics, for  
instance I/O jitter. The MPC93R51 provides separate power  
supplies for the output buffers (VCC) and the phase-locked  
loop (VCCA) of the device.The purpose of this design technique  
is to isolate the high switching noise digital outputs from the  
relatively sensitive internal analog phase-locked loop. In a digi-  
tal system environment where it is more difficult to minimize  
noise on the power supplies a second level of isolation may be  
required. The simple but effective form of isolation is a power  
supply filter on the VCCA pin for the MPC93R51.  
Due to the statistical nature of I/O jitter a RMS value (1 s) is  
specified. I/O jitter numbers for other confidence factors (CF)  
can be derived from Table 8.  
Table 8: Confidence Facter CF  
CF  
1s  
Probability of clock edge within the distribution  
0.68268948  
0.95449988  
0.99730007  
0.99993663  
0.99999943  
0.99999999  
2s  
3s  
4s  
5s  
6s  
Figure 5 illustrates a typical power supply filter scheme. The  
MPC93R51 frequency and phase stability is most susceptible  
to noise with spectral content in the 100kHz to 20MHz range.  
Therefore the filter should be designed to target this range.  
The key parameter that needs to be met in the final filter design  
is the DC voltage drop across the series filter resistor RF. From  
the data sheet the ICCA current (the current sourced through  
the VCCA pin) is typically 3 mA (5 mA maximum), assuming  
that a minimum of 3.0V must be maintained on the VCCA pin.  
The resistor RF shown in Figure 5 “VCCA Power Supply Filter”  
must have a resistance of 5–15W to meet the voltage drop  
criteria.  
The feedback trace delay is determined by the board layout  
and can be used to fine-tune the effective delay through each  
device. In the following example calculation a I/O jitter confi-  
dence factor of 99.7% ( 3s) is assumed, resulting in a worst  
case timing uncertainty from input to any output of -251 ps to  
351 ps relative to TCLK (VCC=3.3V and fVCO = 400 MHz):  
tSK(PP)  
tSK(PP)  
=
=
[–50ps...150ps] + [–150ps...150ps] +  
[(17ps @ –3)...(17ps @ 3)] + tPD, LINE(FB)  
[–251ps...351ps] + tPD, LINE(FB)  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
135  
MPC93R51  
ꢟꢌ ꢆꢛ ꢐ ꢜꢗ ꢓ  
ꢇ ꣁꢉꢌ ꣁꢉ  
ꢅꢆ ꢆ  
ꢄ ꣁꢕꢕꢎ ꢜ  
µꢕ  
µ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇ  
Ω  
ꢓꢑΩ  
ꢅ ꢆꢆ  
µ
ꢇ ꣁꢉꢌ ꣁꢉ  
ꢄ ꣁꢕꢕꢎ ꢜ  
Ω  
Ω  
Ω  
Ω  
Figure 5. VCCA Power Supply Filter  
2
As the noise frequency crosses the series resonant point of  
an individual capacitor its overall impedance begins to look  
inductive and thus increases with increasing frequency. The  
parallel capacitor combination shown ensures that a low im-  
pedance path to ground exists for frequencies well above the  
bandwidth of the PLL. Although the MPC93R51 has several  
design features to minimize the susceptibility to power supply  
noise (isolated power and grounds and fully differential PLL)  
there still may be applications in which overall performance is  
being degraded due to system power supply noise. The power  
supply filter schemes discussed in this section should be ade-  
quate to eliminate power supply noise related problems in  
most designs.  
Figure 6. Single versus Dual Transmission Lines  
The waveform plots in Figure 7 “Single versus Dual Line  
Termination Waveforms” show the simulation results of an out-  
put driving a single line versus two lines. In both cases the  
drive capability of the MPC93R51 output buffer is more than  
sufficient to drive 50transmission lines on the incident edge.  
Note from the delay measurements in the simulations a delta  
of only 43ps exists between the two differently loaded outputs.  
This suggests that the dual line driving need not be used exclu-  
sively to maintain the tight output-to-output skew of the  
MPC93R51. The output waveform in Figure 7 “Single versus  
Dual Line Termination Waveforms” shows a step in the wave-  
form, this step is caused by the impedance mismatch seen  
looking into the driver. The parallel combination of the 36se-  
ries resistor plus the output impedance does not match the  
parallel combination of the line impedances. The voltage wave  
launched down the two lines will equal:  
Driving Transmission Lines  
The MPC93R51 clock driver was designed to drive high  
speed signals in a terminated transmission line environment.  
To provide the optimum flexibility to the user the output drivers  
were designed to exhibit the lowest impedance possible. With  
an output impedance of less than 20the drivers can drive  
either parallel or series terminated transmission lines. For  
more information on transmission lines the reader is referred to  
Motorola application note AN1091. In most high performance  
clock networks point-to-point distribution of signals is the meth-  
od of choice. In a point-to-point scheme either series termi-  
nated or parallel terminated transmission lines can be used.  
The parallel technique terminates the signal at the end of the  
line with a 50resistance to VCC÷2.  
VL = VS ( Z0 ÷ (RS+R0 +Z0))  
This technique draws a fairly high level of DC current and  
thus only a single terminated line can be driven by each output  
of the MPC93R51 clock driver. For the series terminated case  
however there is no DC current draw, thus the outputs can  
drive multiple series terminated lines. Figure 6 “Single versus  
Dual Transmission Lines” illustrates an output driving a single  
series terminated line versus two series terminated lines in  
Z0 = 50|| 50Ω  
RS = 36|| 36Ω  
R0 = 14Ω  
VL = 3.0 ( 25 ÷ (18+17+25)  
= 1.31V  
At the load end the voltage will double, due to the near unity  
parallel. When taken to its extreme the fanout of the reflection coefficient, to 2.6V. It will then increment towards the  
MPC93R51 clock driver is effectively doubled due to its capa- quiescent 3.0V in steps separated by one round trip delay (in  
bility to drive multiple lines.  
this case 4.0ns).  
136  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
MPC93R51  
ꢰ ꢒ  
ꢰ ꢗ  
ꢰ ꢒ  
ꢰ ꢗ  
ꢰ ꢒ  
ꢰ ꢗ  
uncomfortable with unwanted reflections on the line. To better  
match the impedances when driving multiple lines the situation  
in Figure 8 “Optimized Dual Line Termination” should be used.  
In this case the series terminating resistors are reduced such  
that when the parallel combination is added to the output buffer  
impedance the line impedance is perfectly matched.  
ꢇ ꢢꢨ ꢈ  
ꢳ ꢐ ꢰꢚ ꢛꢗ ꢘ  
ꢇ ꢢꢨ ꢄ  
ꢳ ꢐꢰ ꢛꢐ ꢚꢘ  
ꢟꢌ ꢆꢛ ꢐ ꢜꢗ ꢓ  
ꢇ ꣁꢉꢌ ꣁꢉ  
ꢄ ꣁꢕꢕꢎ ꢜ  
Ω  
Ω  
Ω  
Ω  
2
ꢓꢑΩ  
14+ 2222= 5050Ω  
25= 25Ω  
ꢉꢻ ꢟ ꢎ ꢶꢦ ꢖꢹ  
Figure 8. Optimized Dual Line Termination  
Figure 7. Single versus Dual Waveforms  
Since this step is well above the threshold region it will not  
cause any false clock triggering, however designers may be  
ꢌ ꢆꢛ ꢐ ꢜꢗ ꢓ ꢂꣁ ꢉ  
ꢌ ꢢꢩꢤꢞ  
ꢀ ꢞꢦꢞ ꢠꢥ ꢨꢫꢠ  
ꣂ ꢳ ꢗ ꢒΩ  
W
Ω  
ꢜ ꢳ ꢗ ꢒΩ  
ꢉ ꢉ  
Figure 9. TCLK MPC93R51 AC test reference for Vcc = 3.3V  
ꢂꢣ ꢪꢪ ꢞꢠꢞ ꢦꢨ ꢣꢥꢩ  
ꢌ ꢢꢩꢤꢞ ꢀ ꢞꢦꢞ ꢠꢥ ꢨꢫꢠ  
ꣂ ꢳ ꢗꢒ W  
ꢳ ꢗ Ω  
ꢳ ꢗ Ω  
Figure 10. PCLK MPC93R51 AC test reference  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
137  
MPC93R51  
B
ꢆ ꢟ ꢜ  
B
B
ꢎ ꢧꢨ ꢍꢕꢄ  
ꢧꢨ ꢍꢕ ꢄ  
ꢀ ꢁꢂ  
2
Figure 11. Propagation delay (tPD, static phase  
offset) test reference  
Figure 12. Propagation delay (tPD) test reference  
Bꢏ  
B
ꢀ ꢁꢂ  
B
ꢀ ꢁꢂ  
ꢀꢁ ꢂ ꢃ ꢅ ꢈꢇ ꢇꢉ  
ꢨꢮ  
ꢤꢣꢦ ꢬꢩꢞ ꢲ ꢞꣀꢣꢱꢞ  
Figure 13. Output Duty Cycle (DC)  
Figure 14. Output–to–output Skew tSK(O)  
ꢆ ꢏ ꢆ  
ꢊ ꢋ ꢆ ꢌ ꢄ ꢍ  
ꢆ ꢏ ꢑ  
ꢊ ꢋ ꢆ ꢌ ꢁ ꢁ ꢍ  
ꢎ ꢐ ꢈ  
ꢁ ꢽ ꢓ  
ꢦꢥ  
ꢞꢱ  
ꢝꢞ  
ꢞꢠ  
ꣀꢞ  
Figure 15. Cycle–to–cycle Jitter  
Figure 16. Period Jitter  
ꢉ ꢆ ꢊꢋ  
ꢶ ꢌꢆ ꢊꢋꢹ  
ꢳ ꢐ ꢰꢐ ꢅ  
ꢏ ꢰ ꢑ  
ꢎꢧꢨ ꢍꢕ ꢄ  
ꢊ ꢋ ꢆ ꢌ  
ꢆ ꢏ ꢆ ꢒ ꢓꢔꢕ꣆  
ꢇ ꢈ  
ꢨꢠ  
ꢨꢝ  
ꢿ ꢞ  
Figure 17. I/O Jitter  
Figure 18. Transition Time Test Reference  
138  
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  

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