935313422518 [NXP]
Microprocessor Circuit;
| 型号： | 935313422518 |
| 厂家： | 
NXP |
| 描述： | Microprocessor Circuit 外围集成电路 |
| 文件： | 总70页 (文件大小：1131K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Document Number: MC1321x
Rev. 1.8 08/2009
Freescale Semiconductor
Technical Data
MC1321x
Package Information
Case 1664-01
71-pin LGA [9x9 mm]
MC13211/212/213
ZigBee™- Compliant Platform -
2.4 GHz Low Power Transceiver
for the IEEE® 802.15.4 Standard
plus Microcontroller
Ordering Information
Device
Device Marking
Package
MC132111
MC132121
MC132131
13211
13212
13213
LGA
LGA
LGA
1
See Table 1 for more details.
Contents
1 Introduction
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 MC1321x Pin Assignment and Connections 8
3 MC1321x Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) . 14
4 802.15.4 Standard Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5 MCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6 System Electrical Specification . . . . . . . . . 46
7 Application Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8 Mechanical Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The MC1321x family is Freescale’s second-generation
ZigBee platform which incorporates a low power 2.4
GHz radio frequency transceiver and an 8-bit
microcontroller into a single 9x9x1 mm 71-pin LGA
package. The MC1321x solution can be used for wireless
applications from simple proprietary point-to-point
connectivity to a complete ZigBee mesh network. The
combination of the radio and a microcontroller in a small
footprint package allows for a cost-effective solution.
The MC1321x contains an RF transceiver which is an
802.15.4 Standard compliant radio that operates in the
2.4 GHz ISM frequency band. The transceiver includes a
low noise amplifier, 1mW nominal output power, PA
with internal voltage controlled oscillator (VCO),
integrated transmit/receive switch, on-board power
supply regulation, and full spread-spectrum encoding
and decoding.
The MC1321x also contains a microcontroller based on
the HCS08 Family of Microcontroller Units (MCU),
specifically the HCS08 Version A, and can provide up to
60KB of flash memory and 4KB of RAM. The onboard
Freescale reserves the right to change the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the design of its
products.
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009. All rights reserved.
MCU allows the communications stack and also the application to reside on the same system-in-package
(SIP). The MC1321x family is organized as follows:
•
The MC13211 has 16KB of flash and 1KB of RAM and is an ideal solution for low cost,
proprietary applications that require wireless point-to-point or star network connectivity. The
MC13211 combined with the Freescale Simple MAC (SMAC) provides the foundation for
proprietary applications by supplying the necessary source code and application examples to get
users started on implementing wireless connectivity.
•
•
The MC13212 contains 32K of flash and 2KB of RAM and is intended for use with the Freescale
fully compliant 802.15.4 MAC. Custom networks based on the 802.15.4 Standard MAC can be
implemented to fit user needs. The 802.15.4 Standard supports star, mesh and cluster tree
topologies as well as beaconed networks.
The MC13213 contains 60K of flash and 4KB of RAM and is also intended for use with the
Freescale fully compliant 802.15.4 MAC and the fully ZigBee compliant Freescale BeeStack.
WARNING
•
•
The MC1321x now uses an updated version of the 689S08A 8-bit
microprocessor to correct errata associated with the onboard FLL and
reset pin. Refer to the associated errata for this new device, Document
Number MSE9S08GB60A_4L11Y, on the Freescale web site.
The MC1321x also now uses an updated version of the transceiver
device that is functionally fully compliant with earlier versions of the
transceiver.
However, for proper performance of the radio the following modem registers must be
over-programmed:
Register 0x31 to 0xA0C0
Register 0x34 to 0xFEC6
These registers must be over-programmed for MC1321x devices in which the modem Chip_ID
Register 0x2C reads 0x6800.
Applications include, but are not limited to, the following:
•
Residential and commercial automation
— Lighting control
— Security
— Access control
— Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC)
— Automated meter reading (AMR)
Industrial Control
•
— Asset tracking and monitoring
— Homeland security
— Process management
— Environmental monitoring and control
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
2
Freescale Semiconductor
— HVAC
— Automated meter reading
Health Care
•
•
— Patient monitoring
— Fitness monitoring
Consumer
— Human interface devices (keyboard, mice, etc.)
— Remote control
— Wireless toys
1.1
Ordering Information
Table 1 provides additional details about the MC1321x family.
NOTE
The device marking for silicon revision 1.1 and newer is different than
version 1.0 and older. For more details about the 71-pin LGA package used
for the MC1321x family, see the 802.15.4/ZigBee Hardware Design
Considerations Reference Manual (ZHDCRM).
Table 1. Orderable Parts Details
Operating
Memory
Device
Temp Range
(TA.)
Package
Description
Options
MC13211
-40° to 85° C LGA
1KB RAM, Intended for proprietary applications and Freescale Simple MAC
16KB Flash (SMAC)
MC13211R2 -40° to 85° C LGA
1KB RAM, Intended for proprietary applications and Freescale Simple MAC
Tape and Reel 16KB Flash (SMAC)
MC13212
-40° to 85° C LGA
2KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and
32KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC
MC13212R2 -40° to 85° C LGA
2KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and
Tape and Reel 32KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC
MC13213
-40° to 85° C LGA
4KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and the
60KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC and fully ZigBee compliant Freescale
BeeStack.
MC13213R2 -40° to 85° C LGA
4KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and
Tape and Reel 60KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC and fully ZigBee compliant Freescale
BeeStack.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
3
1.2
General Platform Features
•
802.15.4 Standard compliant on-chip transceiver/modem
— 2.4GHz
— 16 selectable channels
— Programmable output power
•
•
•
•
•
•
Multiple power saving modes
2V to 3.4V operating voltage with on-chip voltage regulators
-40°C to +85°C temperature range
Low external component count
Supports single 16 MHz crystal clock source operation or dual crystal operation
Support for SMAC, IEEE 802.15.4 Standard-Compliant MAC, SynkroRF, BeeStack, BeeStack
Consumer (ZigBee RF4CE) software solutions
•
9mm x 9mm x 1mm 71-pin LGA
1.3
Microcontroller Features
•
•
Low voltage MCU with 40 MHz low power HCS08 CPU core
Up to 60K flash memory with block protection and security and 4K RAM
— MC13211: 16KB Flash, 1KB RAM
— MC13212: 32KB Flash, 2KB RAM
— MC13213: 60KB Flash, 4KB RAM
•
•
•
Low power modes (Wait plus Stop2 and Stop3 modes)
Dedicated serial peripheral interface (SPI) connected internally to 802.15.4 modem
One external 4-channel (5-channel internal) 16-bit timer/pulse width modulator (TPM) module and
one external 1-channel (3-channel internal) 16-bit timer/pulse width modulator module, each with
selectable input capture, output capture, and PWM capability.
•
•
•
•
8-bit port keyboard interrupt (KBI)
8-channel 8-10-bit ADC
Two independent serial communication interfaces (SCI)
Multiple clock source options
— Internal clock generator (ICG) with 243 kHz oscillator that has +/-0.2% trimming resolution
and +/-0.5% deviation across voltage.
— Startup oscillator of approximately 8 MHz
— External crystal or resonator
— External source from modem clock for very high accuracy source or system low-cost option
Inter-integrated circuit (IIC) interface.
•
•
In-circuit debug and flash programming available via on-chip background debug module (BDM)
— Two comparator and 9 trigger modes
— Eight deep FIFO for storing change-of-flow addresses and event-only data
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
4
Freescale Semiconductor
— Tag and force breakpoints
— In-circuit debugging with single breakpoint
System protection features
•
•
— Programmable low voltage interrupt (LVI)
— Optional watchdog timer (COP)
— Illegal opcode detection
Up to 32 MCU GPIO with programmable pullups
1.4
RF Modem Features
•
Fully compliant 802.15.4 Standard transceiver supports 250 kbps O-QPSK data in 5.0 MHz
channels and full spread-spectrum encode and decode
•
•
•
Operates on one of 16 selectable channels in the 2.4 GHz ISM band
-1 dBm to 0 dBm nominal output power, programmable from -27 dBm to +3 dBm typical
Receive sensitivity of <-92 dBm (typical) at 1% PER, 20-byte packet, much better than the
802.15.4 Standard of -85 dBm
•
•
Integrated transmit/receive switch
Dual PA ouput pairs which can be programmed for full differential single-port or dual-port
operation that supports an external LNA and/or PA.
•
•
•
Three low power modes for increased battery life
Programmable frequency clock output for use by MCU
Onboard trim capability for 16 MHz crystal reference oscillator eliminates need for external
variable capacitors and allows for automated production frequency calibration
•
•
•
Four internal timer comparators available to supplement MCU timer resources
Supports both packet data mode and streaming data mode
Seven GPIO to supplement MCU GPIO
1.5
Software Features
Freescale provides a wide range of software functionality to complement the MC1321x hardware. There
are three levels of application solutions:
•
•
•
•
•
SMAC
IEEE 802.15.4 Standard-Compliant MAC
SynkroRF
BeeStack
BeeStack Consumer (ZigBee RF4CE)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
5
1.5.1
Simple Media Access Controller (SMAC)
•
•
•
•
Small memory footprint (about 3 Kbytes typical)
Supports point-to-point and star network configurations
Proprietary networks
Source code and application examples provided
1.5.2
802.15.4 Standard-Compliant MAC
•
•
•
•
Supports star, mesh and cluster tree topologies
Supports beaconed networks
Supports GTS for low latency
Multiple power saving modes (idle doze, hibernate)
1.5.3
SynkroRF
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
Bi-directional Communication
Interference Avoidance
Channel Agility
Low Latency Transmission for high duty cycle interferers
Easy Device Pairing
Fragmentation Support
Standardized Command Set
1.5.4
BeeStack
•
•
•
•
•
•
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
Supports ZigBee 2006 Specification
Supports star, mesh and tree networks
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128-bit security
Supports the ZigBee Home Automation Profile
Supports the ZigBee Smart Energy Profile
1.5.5
BeeStack Consumer (ZigBee RF4CE)
•
•
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
Supports application profiles that define standardized command sets for multi-vendor
interoperability
•
•
Supports vendor specific extensions to standard application profiles for vendor specific
customizing
Supports AES-128 bit encryption
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
6
Freescale Semiconductor
•
•
•
•
Provides a mechanism for secured key generation
Specifies various power saving modes
Provides a simple mechanism to pair devices (such as a remote to a TV)
Ensures only authorized devices are able to communicate (a user’s remote will not turn their
neighbor's TV on or off)
1.6
System Block Diagram
Figure 1 shows a simplified block diagram of the MC1321x solution.
Background
Debug Module
Analog Receiver
HCS08 CPU
RFIC Timers
16-60 KB
Flash Memory
8 Channel
10 Bit ADC
RIN_P(PAO_P)
Transmit/Receive
Sw itch
Frequency
Generator
Digital Control
Logic
RIN_M(PAO_M)
1-4 KB RAM
2x SCI
I2C
PAO_P
PAO_M
Analog Transmitter
Buffer RAM
Dedicated
SPI
1 Channel & 4
Channel 16-bit
Timers
Low Voltage Detect
Keyboard Interrupt
IRQ Arbiter
RAM Arbiter
COP
Pow er Management
Voltage Regulators
Internal Clock
Generator
Up to 32 GPIO
802.15.4 Modem
Figure 1. MC1321x System Level Block Diagram
HCS08 MCU
1.7
System Clock Configuration
The MC321x device allows for a wide array of system clock configurations:
•
Pins are provided for a separate external clock source for the CPU. The external clock source can
by derived from a crystal oscillator or from an external clock source
•
•
Pins are provided for a 16 MHz crystal for the modem clock source (required)
The modem crystal oscillator frequency can be trimmed through programming to maintain the tight
tolerances required by the 802.15.4 Standard
•
•
•
The modem provides a CLKO programmable frequency clock output that can be used as an
external source to the CPU. As a result, a single crystal system clock solution is possible
Out of reset, the MCU uses an internally generated clock (approximately 8-MHz) for start-up. This
allows recovery from stop or reset without a long crystal start-up delay
The MCU contains an internal clock generator (which can be trimmed) that can be used to run the
MCU for low power operation. This internal reference is approximately 243 kHz
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
7
MC1321X
802.15.4 MODEM
HCS08 MCU
EXTAL XTAL
XTAL1
27
XTAL2
28
CLKO
10
9
8
16MHz
Figure 2. MC1321x Single Crystal System Clock Structure
2 MC1321x Pin Assignment and Connections
Figure 3 shows the MC1321x pinout.
64
49
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
1
PTA3/KBI1P3
PTA4/KBI1P4
48
PTD4/TPM2CH1
MC1321x
2
47
46
PTD2/TPM1CH2
ATTN
3
71
70
PTA5/KBI1P5
PTA6/KBI1P6
PTA7/KBI1P7
TEST
4
45
44
43
42
41
VDD
5
GPIO1
6
VDDAD
PTG0/BKGD/MS
PTG1/XTAL
GPIO2
GPIO3
GPIO4
SM
Flag opening
7
8
9
40
39
PTG2/EXTAL
CLKO
10
PAO_M
PAO_P
NC
Flag opening
11
12
38
37
36
35
34
RES ET
PTC0/TXD2
13
TEST
RFIN_P
RFIN_M
PTC1/RXD2
PTC2/SDA1
65
19
67
68
22
66
69
23
14
15
PTC3/SCL1
PTC4
CT_Bias
VDDA
16
33
18
20
21
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
17
Figure 3. MC1321x Pinout (Top View)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
8
Freescale Semiconductor
2.1
Pin Definitions
Table 2 details the MC1321x pinout and functionality.
Table 2. Pin Function Description
Pin #
Pin Name
Type
Description
Functionality
1
PTA3/KBI1P3
Digital
MCU Port A Bit 3 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 3
2
3
4
5
PTA4/KBI1P4
PTA5/KBI1P5
PTA6/KBI1P6
PTA7/KBI1P7
VDDAD
Digital
MCU Port A Bit 4 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 4
Digital MCU Port A Bit 5 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 5
Digital MCU Port A Bit 6 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 6
Digital MCU Port A Bit 7 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 7
Power Input MCU power supply to ATD Decouple to ground.
MCU Port G Bit 0 / PTG0 is output only.
6
7
PTG0/BKGND/MS Digital
Input/Output/ Background / Mode Select Pin is I/O when used as BDM function.
8
9
PTG1/XTAL
PTG2/EXTAL
CLKO
Digital MCU Port G Bit 1 / Crystal Full I/O when not used as clock source.
Input/Output oscillator output
Digital
MCU Port G Bit 2 / Crystal Full I/O when not used as clock source.
Input/Output/ oscillator input
10
Digital Output Modem Clock Output
Programmable frequencies of:
16 MHz, 8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz, 1 MHz, 62.5 kHz,
32.786+ kHz (default),
and 16.393+ kHz.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
RESET
Digital
Input/Output
MCU reset. Active low
PTC0/TXD2
PTC1/RXD2
PTC2/SDA1
PTC3/SCL1
PTC4
Digital
Input/Output data out
MCU Port C Bit 0 / SCI2 TX
Digital
Input/Output data in
MCU Port C Bit 1/ SCI2 RX
Digital
Input/Output data
MCU Port C Bit 1/ IIC bus
Digital
Input/Output clock
MCU Port C Bit 1/ IIC bus
Digital
Input/Output
MCU Port C Bit 4
PTC5
Digital
Input/Output
MCU Port C Bit 5
MCU Port C Bit 6
PTC6
Digital
Input/Output
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
9
Table 2. Pin Function Description (continued)
Pin #
Pin Name
PTC7
Type
Digital
Description
Functionality
19
MCU Port C Bit 7
Input/Output
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
PTE0/TXD1
PTE1/RXD1
VDDD
Digital
Input/Output data out
MCU Port E Bit 0 / SCI1 TX
Digital
Input/Output data in
MCU Port E Bit 1/ SCI1 RX
Power Output Modem regulated output
supply voltage
Decouple to ground.
VDDINT
GPIO51
GPIO61
GPIO71
XTAL1
Power Input Modem digital interface
supply
2.0 to 3.4 V. Decouple to ground. Connect to
Battery.
Digital
General Purpose
See Footnote 1
Input/Output Input/Output 5.
Digital
Modem General Purpose See Footnote 1
Input/Output Input/Output 6
Digital
Modem General Purpose See Footnote 1
Input/Output Input/Output 7
Input
Modem crystal reference
oscillator input
Connect to 16 MHz crystal and load capacitor.
XTAL2
Input/Output Modem crystal reference
oscillator output
Connect to 16 MHz crystal and load capacitor. Do
not load this pin by using it as a 16 MHz source.
Measure 16 MHz output at CLKO, programmed for
16 MHz.
29
30
31
VDDLO2
VDDLO1
VDDVCO
Power Input Modem LO2 VDD supply Connect to VDDA externally.
Power Input Modem LO1 VDD supply Connect to VDDA externally.
Power Output Modem VCO regulated
supply bypass
Decouple to ground.
32
33
VBATT
VDDA
Power Input Modem voltage regulators’ Decouple to ground. Connect to Battery.
input
PowerOutput Modem analog regulated Decouple to ground. Connect to directly VDDLO1
supply output
and VDDLO2 externally and to PAO_P and PAO_M
through a bias network.
34
CT_Bias
RF Control
Output
Modem bias
voltage/control signal for
RF external components
When used with internal T/R switch, provides
ground reference for RX and VDDA reference for
TX. Can also be used as a control signal with
external LNA, antenna switch, and/or PA (high level
is VDDA).
35
36
37
RFIN_M
RFIN_P
NC
RF Input
(Output)
Modem RF input/output
negative
When used with internal T/R switch, this is a
bi-directional RF port for the internal LNA and PA
RF Input
(Output)
Modem RF input/output
positive
When used with internal T/R switch, this is a
bi-directional RF port for the internal LNA and PA
Not used
May be grounded or left open
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
10
Freescale Semiconductor
Table 2. Pin Function Description (continued)
Pin #
Pin Name
PAO_P
Type
Description
Functionality
38
RF Output
Modem power amplifier RF Open drain. Connect to VDDA through a bias
output positive
network when used with external balun. Not used
when internal T/R switch is used.
39
PAO_M
RF Output
Input
Modem power amplifier RF Open drain. Connect to VDDA through a bias
output negative
network when used with external balun. Not used
when internal T/R switch is used.
40
41
SM
Test Mode pin
Must be grounded for normal operation
GPIO41
Digital Input/ General Purpose
See Footnote 1
Output
Input/Output 4.
42
43
GPIO31
GPIO2
Digital
Modem General Purpose See Footnote 1
Input/Output Input/Output 3
Test Point
MCU Port E Bit 6 / Modem Internally connected pins. When gpio_alt_en,
General Purpose
Input/Output 2
Register 9, Bit 7 = 1, GPIO2 functions as a “CRC
Valid” indicator.
44
GPIO1
Test Point
MCU Port E Bit 7 / Modem Internally connected pins. When gpio_alt_en,
General Purpose
Input/Output 1
Register 9, Bit 7 = 1, GPIO1 functions as an “Out of
Idle” indicator.
45
46
VDD
Power Input MCU main power supply
Decouple to ground.
See Footnote 2
ATTN2
Digital Input
Active Low Attention.
Transitions IC from either
Hibernate or Doze Modes
to Idle.
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
PTD2/TPM1CH2
PTD4/TPM2CH1
PTD5/TPM2CH2
PTD6/TPM2CH3
PTD7/TPM2CH4
PTB0/AD1P0
Digital
MCU Port D Bit 2 / TPM1
Input/Output Channel 2
Digital
MCU Port D Bit 4 / TPM2
Input/Output Channel 1
Digital
MCU Port D Bit 5 / TPM2
Input/Output Channel 2
Digital
MCU Port D Bit 6 / TPM2
Input/Output Channel 3
Digital
MCU Port D Bit 7 / TPM2
Input/Output Channel 4
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 0 / ATD
analogChannel 0
PTB1/AD1P1
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 1 / ATD
analog Channel 1
PTB2/AD1P2
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 2 / ATD
analog Channel 2
PTB3/AD1P3
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 3 / ATD
analog Channel 3
PTB4/AD1P4
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 4 / ATD
analog Channel 4
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
11
Table 2. Pin Function Description (continued)
Type Description
Pin #
Pin Name
Functionality
57
PTB5/AD1P5
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 5 / ATD
analog Channel 5
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
PTB6/AD1P6
PTB7/AD1P7
VREFH
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 6 / ATD
analog Channel 6
Input/Output MCU Port B Bit 7 / ATD
analog Channel 7
Input
Input
Digital
MCU high reference
voltage for ATD
VREFL
MCU lowreferencevoltage
for ATD
PTA0/KBI1P0
PTA1/KBI1P1
PTA2/KBI1P2
PTE5/SPSCK1
MCU Port A Bit 0 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 0
Digital MCU Port A Bit 1 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 1
Digital MCU Port A Bit 2 /
Input/Output Keyboard Input Bit 2
SPICLK
MCU SPI master SPI clock Normally factory test. Do not connect
output drives modem
SPICLK slave clock input.
66
67
68
69
70
PTE4/MOSI1
PTE3/MISO1
PTE2/SS1
IRQ
MOSI
MCU SPI master MOSI
output drives modem slave
MOSI input
Normally factory test. Do not connect
Normally factory test. Do not connect
Normally factory test. Do not connect
Normally factory test. Do not connect
Normally factory test. Do not connect
MISO
Modem SPI slave MISO
output drives MCU master
MISO input
CE
MCU SPI master SS
output drives modem slave
CE input
M_IRQ
RXTXEN
Modem interrupt request
M_IRQ output drives MCU
IRQ input
PTD1
MCU Port D Bit 1 drives
the RXTXEN input to the
modem to enable TX or RX
or CCA operations.
71
PTD3
M_RST
MCU Port D Bit 3 drives
the reset M_RST input to
the modem.
Normally factory test. Do not connect
Connect to ground.
FLAG VSS
Power input
External package flag.
Common VSS
1
2
The transceiver GPIO pins default to inputs at reset. There are no programmable pullups on these pins. Unused GPIO pins
should be tied to ground if left as inputs, or if left unconnected, they should be programmed as outputs set to the low state.
During low power modes, input must remain driven by MCU.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
12
Freescale Semiconductor
2.2
Internal Functional Interconnects
The MCU provides control for the 802.15.4 modem. The required interconnects between the devices are
routed onboard the SiP. In addition, the signals are brought out to external pads primarily for use as test
points. These signals can be useful when writing and debugging software.
Table 3. Internal Functional Interconnects
Pin #
MCU Signal
Modem Signal
Description
43
PTE6
GPIO2
Modem GPIO2 output acts as “CRC Valid” status indicator for Stream Data
Mode to MCU.
44
46
PTE7
PTD0
GPIO1
ATTN
Modem GPIO1 output acts as “Out of Idle” status indicator for Stream Data
Mode to MCU.
MCU Port D Bit 0 drives the attention (ATTN) input of the modem to wake
modem from Hibernate or Doze Mode.
PTE5/SPSCK1
PTE4/MOSI1
PTE3/MISO1
PTE2/SS1
IRQ
SPICLK1
MOSI1
MISO2
CE1
MCU SPI master SPI clock output drives modem SPICLK slave clock input.
MCU SPI master MOSI output drives modem slave MOSI input
Modem SPI slave MISO output drives MCU master MISO input
MCU SPI master SS output drives modem slave CE input
M_IRQ
RXTXEN1
Modem interrupt request M_IRQ output drives MCU IRQ input
PTD1
MCU Port D Bit 1 drives the RXTXEN input to the modem to enable TX or RX
or CCA operations.
PTD3
M_RST
MCU Port D Bit 3 drives the reset M_RST input to the modem.
1
2
During low power modes, input must remain driven by MCU.
By default MISO is tri-stated when CE is negated. For low power operation, miso_hiz_en (Bit 11, Register 07) should be set
to zero so that MISO is driven low when CE is negated.
NOTE
To use the MCU and modem signals as described in Table 3, the MCU needs
to be programmed appropriately for the stated function.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
13
3 MC1321x Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
The MC1321x modem and CPU communicate primarily through the onboard SPI command channel.
Figure 4 shows the SiP internal interconnects with the SPI bus highlighted. The MCU has a single SPI
module that is dedicated to the modem SPI interface. The modem is a slave only and the MCU SPI must
be programmed and used as a master only. Further, the SPI performance is limited by the modem
constraints of 8 MHz SPI clock frequency, and use of the SPI must be programmed to meet the modem
SPI protocol.
3.1
SiP Level SPI Pin Connections
The SiP level SPI pin connections are all internal to the device. Figure 4 shows the SiP interconnections
with the SPI bus highlighted.
MC1321x
11
M_RST
M_IRQ
PTD3
IRQ
RESET
ATTN
RXTXEN
PTD0
PTD1
MODEM
MCU
GPIO1/Out_of_Idle
GPIO2/CRC_Valid
PTE7
PTE6
MOSI
MISO
SPICLK
CE
PTE4/MOSI1
PTE3/MISO1
PTE5/SPSCK1
PTE2/SS1
Figure 4. MC1321x Internal Interconnects Highlighting SPI Bus
Table 4. MC1321x Internal SPI Connections
MCU Signal
Modem Signal
Description
PTE5/SPSCK1
PTE4/MOSI1
PTE3/MISO1
PTE2/SS1
SPICLK
MOSI
MISO
CE
MCU SPI master SPI clock output drives modem SPICLK slave clock input.
MCU SPI master MOSI output drives modem slave MOSI input
Modem SPI slave MISO output drives MCU master MISO input
MCU SPI master SS output drives modem slave CE input
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
14
Freescale Semiconductor
3.2
SPI Features
•
MCU bus master
•
•
•
•
•
Modem bus slave
Programmable SPI clock rate; maximum rate is 8 MHz
Double-buffered transmit and receive at MCU
Serial clock phase and polarity must meet modem requirements (MCU control bits
Slave select programmed to meet modem protocol
3.3
SPI System Block Diagram
Figure 5 shows the SPI system level diagram.
MODEM (SLAVE)
MCU (MASTER)
MOS1
MOSI
MISO
SPI SHIFTER
SPI SHIFTER
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MISO1
SPSCK1
PTE2/SS1
SPICLK
CE
CLOCK
GENERATOR
Figure 5. SPI System Block Diagram
Figure 5 shows the SPI modules of the MCU and modem in the master-slave arrangement. The MCU
(master) initiates all SPI transfers. During a transfer, the master shifts data out (on the MOSI pin) to the
slave while simultaneously shifting data in (on the MISO pin) from the slave. Although the SPI interface
supports simultaneous data exchange between master and slave, the modem SPI protocol only uses data
exchange in one direction at a time. The SPSCK signal is a clock output from the master and an input to
the slave. The slave device must be selected by a low level on the slave select input (SS1 pin).
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
15
4 802.15.4 Standard Modem
4.1
Block Diagram
VDDA
Analog
Decimation Baseband Matched
Filter Mixer Filter
Regulator
VBATT
2nd IF Mixer
IF = 1 MHz PMA
1st IF Mix er
IF = 65 MHz
Pow er-Up
Control
Logic
Digital
Regulator L
VDDINT
VDDD
LNA
Packet
Processor
DCD
CCA
Digital
Regulator H
Crystal
Regulator
RFIN_P
(PAO_P)
VCO
Regulator
VDDVCO
RXTXEN
Receive RAM
Arbiter
Receive
Packet RAM
T / R
RFIN_M
(PAO_M)
AGC
Sequence
Manager
(Control Logic)
CT_Bias
Programmable
Prescaler
VDDLO2
÷4
24 Bit Event Timer
256 MHz
CE
MOSI
MISO
SPICLK
ATTN
RST
4 Programmable
Timer Comparators
Crystal
Oscillator
XTAL1
XTAL2
GPIO1
GPIO2
GPIO3
GPIO4
GPIO5
GPIO6
GPIO7
16 MHz
Transmit
Packet RAM 2
Synthesizer
Transmit
Packet RAM 1
2.45 GHz
VCO
VDDLO1
IRQ
Arbiter
Transmit RAM
Arbiter
Symbol
Generation
IRQ
CLKO
PAO_P
PAO_M
PA
Phase Shift Modulator
FCS
Header
Generation
Generation
Figure 6. 802.15.4 Standard Modem Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
16
Freescale Semiconductor
4.2
Data Transfer Modes
The 802.15.4 modem has two data transfer modes:
1. Packet Mode — Data is buffered in on-chip RAM
2. Streaming Mode — Data is processed word-by-word
The Freescale 802.15.4 MAC software only supports the streaming mode of data transfer. For proprietary
applications, packet mode can be used to conserve MCU resources.
4.3
Packet Structure
Figure 7 shows the packet structure of the 802.15.4 modem. Payloads of up to 125 bytes are supported.
The 802.15.4 modem adds a four-byte preamble, a one-byte Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD), and a
one-byte Frame Length Indicator (FLI) before the data. A Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is calculated and
appended to the end of the data.
4 bytes
1 byte
SFD
1 byte
FLI
125 bytes maximum
Payload Data
2 bytes
FCS
Preamble
Figure 7. 802.15.4 modem Packet Structure
4.4
Receive Path Description
In the receive signal path, the RF input is converted to low IF In-phase and Quadrature (I & Q) signals
through two down-conversion stages. A Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) can be performed based upon
the baseband energy integrated over a specific time interval. The digital back end performs Differential
Chip Detection (DCD), the correlator “de-spreads” the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Offset
QPSK (O-QPSK) signal, determines the symbols and packets, and detects the data.
The preamble, SFD, and FLI are parsed and used to detect the payload data and FCS (which are stored in
RAM in Packet Mode). A two-byte FCS is calculated on the received data and compared to the FCS value
appended to the transmitted data, which generates a Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) result. A
parameter of received energy during the reception called the Link Quality Indicator is measured over a 64
µs period after the packet preamble and stored in an SPI register.
If the 802.15.4 modem is in Packet Mode, the data is stored in RAM and processed as an entire packet.
The MCU is notified that an entire packet has been received via an interrupt.
If the 802.15.4 modem is in streaming mode, the MCU is notified by a recurring interrupt on a
word-by-word basis.
Figure 8 shows CCA reported power level versus input power. Note that CCA reported power saturates at
about -57 dBm input power which is well above 802.15.4 Standard requirements.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
17
NOTE
For both graphs, the required 802.15.4 Standard accuracy and range limits
are shown. A 3.5 dBm offset has been programmed into the CCA reporting
level to center the level over temperature in the graphs.
-50
-60
-70
-80
802.15.4 Accuracy
and range Requirements
-90
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
Input Pow er (dBm)
Figure 8. Reported Power Level versus Input Power in Clear Channel Assessment Mode
Figure 9 shows energy detection/LQI reported level versus input power.
-15
-25
-35
-45
-55
-65
802.15.4 Accuracy
and Range Requirements
-75
-85
-85
-75
-65
-55
-45
-35
-25
-15
Figure 9. Reported Power Level Versus Input Power for Energy Detect or Link Quality Indicator
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
18
Freescale Semiconductor
4.5
Transmit Path Description
For the transmit path, the TX data that was previously written to the internal RAM is retrieved (packet
mode) or the TX data is clocked in via the SPI (stream mode), formed into packets per the 802.15.4 PHY,
spread, and then up-converted to the transmit frequency.
If the 802.15.4 modem is in packet mode, data is processed as an entire packet. The data is first loaded into
the TX buffer. The MCU then requests that the modem transmit the data. The MCU is notified via an
interrupt when the whole packet has successfully been transmitted.
In streaming mode, the data is fed to the 802.15.4 modem on a word-by-word basis with an interrupt
serving as a notification that the 802.15.4 modem is ready for more data. This continues until the whole
packet is transmitted.
In both modes, a two-byte FCS is calculated in hardware from the payload data and appended to the packet.
This done without intervention from the user.
4.6
Functional Description
The following sections provide a detailed description of the MC1321x functionality including the
operating modes and the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).
4.6.1
802.15.4 Modem Operational Modes
The 802.15.4 modem has a number of operational modes that allow for low-current operation. Transition
from the Off to Idle mode occurs when M_RST is negated. Once in Idle, the SPI is active and is used to
control the IC. Transition to Hibernate and Doze modes is enabled via the SPI. These modes are
summarized, along with the transition times, in Table 5. Current drain in the various modes is listed in
Table 8, DC Electrical Characteristics.
Table 5. 802.15.4 Modem Mode Definitions and Transition Times
Transition Time
To or From Idle
Mode
Definition
Off
All IC functions Off, Leakage only. M_RST asserted. Digital outputs are tri-stated 10 - 25 ms to Idle
including IRQ
Hibernate
Doze
Crystal Reference Oscillator Off. (SPI not functional.) IC Responds to ATTN. Data 7 - 20 ms to Idle
is retained.
Crystal Reference Oscillator On but CLKO output available only if Register 7, Bit 9 (300 + 1/CLKO) µs to Idle
= 1 for frequencies of 1 MHz or less. (SPI not functional.) Responds to ATTN and
can be programmed to enter Idle Mode through an internal timer comparator.
Idle
Crystal Reference Oscillator On with CLKO output available. SPI active.
Receive
Transmit
Crystal Reference Oscillator On. Receiver On.
Crystal Reference Oscillator On. Transmitter On.
144 µs from Idle
144 µs from Idle
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
19
4.6.2
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
The MCU directs the 802.15.4 modem, checks its status, and reads/writes data to the device through the
4-wire SPI port. The transceiver operates as a SPI slave device only. A transaction between the host and
the 802.15.4 modem occurs as multiple 8-bit bursts on the SPI. The modem SPI signals are:
1. Chip Enable (CE) - A transaction on the SPI port is framed by the active low CE input signal. A
transaction is a minimum of 3 SPI bursts and can extend to a greater number of bursts.
2. SPI Clock (SPICLK) - The host drives the SPICLK input to the 802.15.4 modem. Data is clocked
into the master or slave on the leading (rising) edge of the return-to-zero SPICLK and data out
changes state on the trailing (falling) edge of SPICLK.
NOTE
For the MCU, the SPI clock format is the clock phase control bit CPHA = 0
and the clock polarity control bit CPOL = 0.
3. Master Out/Slave In (MOSI) - Incoming data from the host is presented on the MOSI input.
4. Master In/Slave Out (MISO) - The 802.15.4 modem presents data to the master on the MISO
output.
Although the SPI port is fully static, internal memory, timer and interrupt arbiters require an internal clock
(CLK ), derived from the crystal reference oscillator, to communicate from the SPI registers to internal
core
registers and memory.
4.6.2.1
SPI Burst Operation
The SPI port of the MCU transfers data in bursts of 8 bits with most significant bit (MSB) first. The master
(MCU) can send a byte to the slave (transceiver) on the MOSI line and the slave can send a byte to the
master on the MISO line. Although an 802.15.4 modem transaction is three or more SPI bursts long, the
timing of a single SPI burst is shown in Figure 10. The maximum SPI clock rate is 8 Mhz from the MCU
because the modem is limited by this number.
SPI Burst
CE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SPICLK
Valid
Valid
MISO
MOSI
Figure 10. SPI Single Burst Timing Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
20
Freescale Semiconductor
4.6.2.2
SPI Transaction Operation
Although the SPI port of the MCU transfers data in bursts of 8 bits, the 802.15.4 modem requires that a
complete SPI transaction be framed by CE, and there will be three (3) or more bursts per transaction. The
assertion of CE to low signals the start of a transaction. The first SPI burst is a write of an 8-bit header to
the transceiver (MOSI is valid) that defines a 6-bit address of the internal resource being accessed and
identifies the access as being a read or write operation. In this context, a write is data written to the 802.15.4
modem and a read is data written to the SPI master. The following SPI bursts will be either the write data
(MOSI is valid) to the transceiver or read data from the transceiver (MISO is valid).
Although the SPI bus is capable of sending data simultaneously between master and slave, the 802.15.4
modem never uses this mode. The number of data bytes (payload) will be a minimum of 2 bytes and can
extend to a larger number depending on the type of access. After the final SPI burst, CE is negated to high
to signal the end of the transaction.
An example SPI read transaction with a 2-byte payload is shown in Figure 11.
CE
Clock Burst
SPICLK
MISO
MOSI
Valid
Valid
Valid
Header
Read data
Figure 11. SPI Read Transaction Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
21
4.7
Modem Crystal Oscillator
The modem crystal oscillator uses the following external pins as shown in Figure 12.
1. XTAL1 - reference oscillator input.
2. XTAL2 - reference oscillator output. Note that this pin should not be loaded as a reference source
or to measure frequency; instead use CLKO to measure or supply 16 MHz.
MC1321X
802.15.4 MODEM
XTAL1
27
XTAL2
28
CLKO
10
16MHz
Figure 12. Modem Crystal Oscillator
The 802.15.4 Standard requires that several frequency tolerances be kept within ± 40 ppm accuracy. This
means that a total offset up to 80 ppm between transmitter and receiver will still result in acceptable
performance. The primary determining factor in meeting the 802.15.4 Standard is the tolerance of the
crystal oscillator reference frequency. A number of factors can contribute to this tolerance and a crystal
specification will quantify each of them:
1. The initial (or make) tolerance of the crystal resonant frequency itself.
2. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with temperature.
3. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with time, also commonly known as aging.
4. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with load capacitance, also commonly known as
pulling. This is affected by:
a) The external load capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature
b) The internal trim capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature
c) Stray capacitance on the crystal pin nodes - including stray on-chip capacitance, stray package
capacitance and stray board capacitance; and its initial tolerance and variation with temperature
Freescale has specified that a 16 MHz crystal with a <9 pF load capacitance is required. The 802.15.4
modem does not contain a reference divider, so 16 MHz is the only frequency that can be used. A crystal
requiring higher load capacitance is prohibited because a higher load on the amplifier circuit may
compromise its performance. The crystal manufacturer defines the load capacitance as that total external
capacitance seen across the two terminals of the crystal. The oscillator amplifier configuration used in the
802.15.4 modem requires two balanced load capacitors from each terminal of the crystal to ground. As
such, the capacitors are seen to be in series by the crystal, so each must be <18 pF for proper loading.
The modem uses the 16 MHz crystal oscillator as the reference oscillator for the system and a
programmable warp capability is provided. It is controlled by programming CLKO_Ctl Register 0A, Bits
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
22
Freescale Semiconductor
15-8 (xtal_trim[7:0]). The trimming procedure varies the frequency by a few hertz per step, depending on
the type of crystal. The high end of the frequency spectrum is set when xtal_trim[7:0] is set to zero. As
xtal_trim[7:0] is increased, the frequency is decreased. Accuracy of this feature can be observed by
varying xtal_trim[7:0] and using a spectrum analyzer or frequency counter to track the change in
frequency of the crystal signal. The reference oscillator frequency can be measured at the CLKO contact
by programming CLKO_Ctl Register 0A, Bits 2-0, to value 000.
Figure 13 shows typical oscillator frequency decrease versus the value programmed in xtal_trim[7:0].
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
-900
xtal_trim[7:0] (decimal)
Figure 13. Crystal Frequency Variation vs. xtal_trim[7:0]
4.8
Radio Usage
The MC1321x RF analog interface has been designed to provide maximum flexibility as well as low
external part count and cost. An on-chip transmit/receive (T/R) switch with bias switch (CT_Bias) can be
used for a simple single antenna interface with a balun. Alternately, separate full differential RFIN and
PAO outputs can be utilized for separate RX and TX antennae or external LNA and PA designs.
Figure 14 shows three possible configurations for the transceiver radio RF usage.
1. Figure 14A shows a single antenna configuration in which the MC1321x internal T/R switch is
used. The balun converts the single-ended antenna to differential signals that interface to the
RFIN_x (PAO_x) pins of the radio. The CT_Bias pin provides the proper bias point to the balun
depending on operation, that is, CT_Bias is at VDDA voltage for transmit and is at ground for
receive. The internal T/R switch enables the signal to an onboard LNA for receive and enables the
onboard PAs for transmit.
2. Figure 14B shows a single antenna configuration with an external low noise amplifier (LNA) for
greater range. An external antenna switch is used to multiplex the antenna between receive and
transmit. An LNA is in the receive path to add gain for greater receive sensitivity. Two external
baluns are required to convert the single-ended antenna switch signals to the differential signals
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
23
required by the radio. Separate RFIN and PAO signals are provided for connection with the baluns,
and the CT_Bias signal is programmed to provide the external switch control. The polarity of the
external switch control is selectable.
3. Figure 14C shows a dual antenna configuration where there is a RX antenna and a TX antenna. For
the receive side, the RX antenna is ac-coupled to the differential RFIN inputs and these capacitors
along with inductor L1 form a matching network. Inductors L2 and L3 are ac-coupled to ground to
form a frequency trap. For the transmit side, the TX antenna is connected to the differential PAO
outputs, and inductors L4 and L5 provide dc-biasing to VDDA but are ac isolated.
VD D
RFIN_P (PAO_P)
LNA
RFIN_P (PAO_P)
Ant
Sw
Balun
L1
Balun
L1
RFIN_M (PAO_M)
CT_Bias
RFIN_M (PAO_M)
Bypass
MC1321x
MC1321x
Bypass
C T_Bias
(Ant Sw C tl)
PAO_P
PAO_M
PAO_P
VD D A
Balun
PAO_M
Bypass
14A) Using Onboard T/R Switch
14B) Using External Antenna Switch With LNA
RX Antenna
L2
L3
L1
RFIN_P (PAO_P)
RFIN_M (PAO_M)
TX Antenna
MC1321x
VDDA
Bypass
Bypass
L4
L5
CT_Bias
PAO_P
PAO_M
14C) Using Dual Antennae
Figure 14. Using the MC1321x with External RF Components
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
24
Freescale Semiconductor
5 MCU
5.1
MCU Block Diagram
INTERNAL BUS
MCU CORE
8
8
PTA7/KBI1P7–
PTA0/KBI1P0
DEBUG
MODULE (DBG)
BDC
CPU
MCU SYSTEM CONTROL
8-BIT KEYBOARD
RESET
INTERRUPT MODULE (KBI1)
PTB7/AD1P7–
PTB0/AD1P0
RESETS AND INTERRUPTS
MODES OF OPERATION
POWER MANAGEMENT
IRQ
PTC7
PTC6
IIC MODULE (IIC)
RTI
IRQ
COP
LVD
PTC5
PTC4
PTC3/SCL1
PTC2/SDA1
PTC1/RxD2
PTC0/TxD2
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
INTERFACE MODULE (SCI1)
USER FLASH
PTD7/TPM2CH4
PTD6/TPM2CH3
PTD5/TPM2CH2
PTD4/TPM2CH1
PTD3
(61,268 BYTES MAX)
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
INTERFACE MODULE (SCI2)
PTD2/TPM1CH2
PTD1
PTD0
1-CHANNEL TIMER/PWM
MODULE (TPM1)
USER RAM
(4096 BYTES MAX)
PTE7
PTE6
4-CHANNEL TIMER/PWM
MODULE (TPM2)
PTE5/SPSCK
PTE4/MOSI
PTE3/MISO
PTE2/SS
VDDAD
VSSAD
10-BIT
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (ATD1)
VREFH
VREFL
PTE1/RxD1
PTE0/TxD1
DEDICATED SERIAL
PERIPHERAL INTERFACE
MODULE (SPI)
INTERNAL CLOCK
GENERATOR (ICG)
See Note 1.
See Note 1.
LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR
VDD
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
VSS
PTG2/EXTAL
PTG1/XTAL
PTG0/BKGD/MS
Notes
1. All Port F and Port G signals are present on the MCU,
but only the signals used by the MC1321x are designated.
For lowest power operation, all unused I/O should be programmed
as outputs during initialization.
2. Timer channels are limited as noted due to use of Port D I/O for
internal signals.
Figure 15. MCU Block Diagram (HCS08, Version A)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
25
5.2
MCU Modes of Operation
The MCU has multiple operational modes to facilitate maximum system performance while also providing
low-power modes. In the MC1321x, the MCU can use the following modes:
•
•
•
•
Run
Wait
Stop2
Stop3
NOTE
•
•
The MCU can also be programmed for Stop1 mode, but this mode IS
NOT USABLE. The reset to the modem function is controlled by an
MCU GPIO and the GPIO state must be maintained during the MCU
“stop” condition. Stop1 mode does not control I/O states as required
during modem power down condition.
To attain specified Stop2 and Stop3 currents, all unused port signals
must be programmed to a known state (recommended as outputs in the
low state)
5.2.1
Run Mode
This is the normal operating mode for the HCS08. This mode is selected when the BKGD/MS pin is high
at the rising edge of reset. In this mode, the CPU executes code from internal memory with execution
beginning at the address fetched from memory at $FFFE:$FFFF after reset.
5.2.2
Wait Mode
Wait Mode is entered by executing a WAIT instruction. Upon execution of the WAIT instruction, the CPU
enters a low-power state in which it is not clocked. The I bit in CCR is cleared when the CPU enters the
wait mode, enabling interrupts. When an interrupt request occurs, the CPU exits the wait mode and
resumes processing, beginning with the stacking operations leading to the interrupt service routine.
While the MCU is in Wait Mode, there are some restrictions on which background debug commands can
be used. Only the BACKGROUND command and memory-access-with-status commands are available
when the MCU is in wait mode. The memory-access-with-status commands do not allow memory access,
but they report an error indicating that the MCU is in either stop or wait mode. The BACKGROUND
command can be used to wake the MCU from Wait Mode and enter active background mode.
5.2.3
Stop 2
The Stop2 Mode provides very low standby power consumption and maintains the contents of RAM and
the current state of all of the I/O pins. Stop2 can be entered only if the LVD circuit is not enabled in Stop
Modes (either LVDE or LVDSE not set).
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
26
Freescale Semiconductor
Before entering Stop2 Mode, the user must save the contents of the I/O port registers, as well as any other
memory-mapped registers they want to restore after exit of Stop2, to locations in RAM. Upon exit of
Stop2, these values can be restored by user software before pin latches are opened.
When the MCU is in Stop2 Mode, all internal circuits that are powered from the voltage regulator are
turned off, except for the RAM. The voltage regulator is in a low-power standby state, as is the ATD. Upon
entry into Stop2, the states of the I/O pins are latched. The states are held while in Stop2 Mode and after
exiting Stop2 Mode until a 1 is written to PPDACK in SPMSC2.
Exit from Stop2 is performed by asserting either of the wake-up pins: RESET or IRQ, or by an RTI
interrupt. IRQ is always an active low input when the MCU is in Stop2, regardless of how it was
configured before entering Stop2.
Upon wake-up from Stop2 Mode, the MCU will start up as from a power-on reset (POR) except pin states
remain latched. The CPU will take the reset vector. The system and all peripherals will be in their default
reset states and must be initialized.
After waking up from Stop2, the PPDF bit in SPMSC2 is set. This flag may be used to direct user code to
go to a Stop2 recovery routine. PPDF remains set and the I/O pin states remain latched until a 1 is written
to PPDACK in SPMSC2.
To maintain I/O state for pins that were configured as general-purpose I/O, the user must restore the
contents of the I/O port registers, which have been saved in RAM, to the port registers before writing to
the PPDACK bit. If the port registers are not restored from RAM before writing to PPDACK, then the
register bits will assume their reset states when the I/O pin latches are opened and the I/O pins will switch
to their reset states.
For pins that were configured as peripheral I/O, the user must reconfigure the peripheral module that
interfaces to the pin before writing to the PPDACK bit. If the peripheral module is not enabled before
writing to PPDACK, the pins will be controlled by their associated port control registers when the I/O
latches are opened.
A separate self-clocked source (approximately 1 kHz) for the real-time interrupt allows a walk-up from
Stop2 or Stop3 Modes with no external components. When RTIS2:RTIS1:RTIS0 = 0:0:0, the real-time
interrupt function and this 1-kHz source are disabled. Power consumption is lower when the 1-kHz source
is disabled, but in that case the real-time interrupt cannot wake the MCU from stop.
5.2.4
Stop3
Upon entering the Stop3 Mode, all of the clocks in the MCU, including the oscillator itself, are halted. The
ICG is turned off, the ATD is disabled, and the voltage regulator is put in standby. The states of all of the
internal registers and logic, as well as the RAM content, are maintained. The I/O pin states are not latched
at the pin as in Stop2. Instead they are maintained by virtue of the states of the internal logic driving the
pins being maintained.
Exit from Stop3 is performed by asserting RESET, an asynchronous interrupt pin, or through the real-time
interrupt. The asynchronous interrupt pins are the IRQ or KBI pins.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
27
If Stop3 is exited by means of the RESET pin, then the MCU will be reset and operation will resume after
taking the reset vector. Exit by means of an asynchronous interrupt or the real-time interrupt will result in
the MCU taking the appropriate interrupt vector.
A separate self-clocked source (approximately1 kHz) for the real-time interrupt allows a wake up from
Stop2 or Stop3 Modes with no external components. When RTIS2:RTIS1:RTIS0 = 0:0:0, the real-time
interrupt function and this 1-kHz source are disabled. Power consumption is lower when the 1-kHz source
is disabled, but in that case the real-time interrupt cannot wake the MCU from stop.
5.3
MCU Memory
As shown in Figure 16, on-chip memory in the MC1321x series of MCUs consists of RAM, FLASH
program memory for non-volatile data storage, plus I/O and control/status registers. The registers are
divided into three groups:
•
•
•
Direct-page registers ($0000 through $007F)
High-page registers ($1800 through $182B)
Nonvolatile registers ($FFB0 through $FFBF)
$0000
$0000
$0000
DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS
DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS
DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS
RAM 1024 BYTES
$007F
$0080
$007F
$0080
$007F
$0080
RAM
$047F
$0480
2048 BYTES
RAM
$087F
$0880
4096 BYTES
UNIMPLEMENTED
4992 BYTES
UNIMPLEMENTED
3968 BYTES
$107F
$1080
FLASH
1920 BYTES
$17FF
$1800
$17FF
$1800
$17FF
$1800
HIGH PAGE REGISTERS
HIGH PAGE REGISTERS
HIGH PAGE REGISTERS
$182B
$182C
$182B
$182C
$182B
$182C
UNIMPLEMENTED
26580 BYTES
$7FFF
$8000
UNIMPLEMENTED
42964 BYTES
FLASH
59348 BYTES
FLASH
$BFFF
$C000
32768 BYTES
FLASH
16384 BYTES
$FFFF
$FFFF
$FFFF
MC13213
MC13212
MC13211
Figure 16. MC1321X Memory Maps
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
28
Freescale Semiconductor
5.4
MCU Internal Clock Generator (ICG)
The ICG provides multiple options for MCU clock sources. This block along with the ability to provide
the MCU clock form the modem offers a user great flexibility when making choices between cost,
precision, current draw, and performance. As seen in Figure 17, the ICG consists of four functional blocks.
•
Oscillator Block — The Oscillator Block provides means for connecting an external crystal or
resonator. Two frequency ranges are software selectable to allow optimal start-up and stability.
Alternatively, the oscillator block can be used to route an external square wave to the MCU system
clock. External sources such as the modem CLKO output can provide a low cost source or a very
precise clock source. The oscillator is capable of being configured for low power mode or high
amplitude mode as selected by HGO.
•
Internal Reference Generator — The Internal Reference Generator consists of two controlled
clock sources. One is designed to be approximately 8 MHz and can be selected as a local clock for
the background debug controller. The other internal reference clock source is typically 243 kHz
and can be trimmed for finer accuracy via software when a precise timed event is input to the MCU.
This provides a highly reliable, low-cost clock source.
•
•
Frequency-Locked Loop — A Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL) stage takes either the internal or
external clock source and multiplies it to a higher frequency. Status bits provide information when
the circuit has achieved lock and when it falls out of lock. Additionally, this block can monitor the
external reference clock and signals whether the clock is valid or not.
Clock Select Block — The Clock Select Block provides several switch options for connecting
different clock sources to the system clock tree. ICGDCLK is the multiplied clock frequency out
of the FLL, ICGERCLK is the reference clock frequency from the crystal or external clock source,
and FFE (fixed frequency enable) is a control signal used to control the system fixed frequency
clock (XCLK). ICGLCLK is the clock source for the background debug controller (BDC).
The module is intended to be very user friendly with many of the features occurring automatically without
user intervention.
5.4.1
Features
Features of the ICG and clock distribution system:
•
Several options for the MCU primary clock source allow a wide range of cost, frequency, and
precision choices:
— 32 kHz–100 kHz crystal or resonator
— 1 MHz–16 MHz crystal or resonator
— External clock supplied by modem CLKO or other source
— Internal reference generator
•
•
Defaults to self-clocked mode to minimize startup delays
Frequency-locked loop (FLL) generates 8 MHz to 40 MHz (for bus rates up to 20 MHz). When
using modem CLKO as external source, maximum FLL frequency is 32 MHz (16 MHz bus rate)
with CLKO = 16 MHz or maximum FLL frequency is 40 MHz (20 MHz bus rate) with CLKO =
4 MHz.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
29
— Uses external or internal clock as reference frequency
Automatic lockout of non-running clock sources
Reset or interrupt on loss of clock or loss of FLL lock
•
•
•
Digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) preserves previous frequency settings, allowing fast
frequency lock when recovering from stop3 mode
•
DCO will maintain operating frequency during a loss or removal of reference clock. When FLL is
engaged (FEE or FEI) loss of lock or loss of clock adds a divide-by-2 to ICG to prevent
over-clocking of the system.
•
•
•
Post-FLL divider selects 1 of 8 bus rate divisors (/1 through /128)
Separate self-clocked source for real-time interrupt
Trimmable internal clock source supports SCI communications without additional external
components
•
•
Automatic FLL engagement after lock is acquired
Selectable low-power/high-gain oscillator modes
5.4.2
Modes of Operation
This section provides a high-level description only.
•
•
•
Mode 1 — Off
The output clock, ICGOUT, is static. This mode may be entered when the STOP instruction is
executed.
Mode 2 — Self-clocked (SCM)
Default mode of operation that is entered out of reset. The ICG’s FLL is open loop and the digitally
controlled oscillator (DCO) is free running at a frequency set by the filter bits.
Mode 3 — FLL engaged internal (FEI)
In this mode, the ICG’s FLL is used to create frequencies that are programmable multiples of the
internal reference clock.
— FLL engaged internal unlocked is a transition state which occurs while the FLL is attempting
to lock. The FLL DCO frequency is off target and the FLL is adjusting the DCO to match the
target frequency.
— FLL engaged internal locked is a state which occurs when the FLL detects that the DCO is
locked to a multiple of the internal reference.
•
•
Mode 4 — FLL bypassed external (FBE)
In this mode, the ICG is configured to bypass the FLL and use an external clock as the clock source.
Mode 5 — FLL engaged external (FEE)
The ICG’s FLL is used to generate frequencies that are programmable multiples of the external
clock reference.
— FLL engaged external unlocked is a transition state which occurs while the FLL is attempting
to lock. The FLL DCO frequency is off target and the FLL is adjusting the DCO to match the
target frequency.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
30
Freescale Semiconductor
— FLL engaged external locked is a state which occurs when the FLL detects that the DCO is
locked to a multiple of the internal reference.
Figure 17 is a top-level diagram that shows the functional organization of the internal clock generation
(ICG) module.
PTG2/EXTAL
ICG
OSCILLATOR (OSC)
CLOCK
WITH EXTERNAL REF
SELECT
SELECT
ICGERCLK
OUTPUT
PTG1/XTAL
CLOCK
ICGDCLK
/R
FREQUENCY
LOCKED
SELECT
DCO
ICGOUT
REF
LOOP (FLL)
SELECT
VDD
VSS
LOSS OF LOCK
AND CLOCK DETECTOR
FIXED
CLOCK
SELECT
FFE
IRG
TYP 243 kHz
ICGIRCLK
INTERNAL
REFERENCE
8 MHz
RG
LOCAL CLOCK FOR OPTIONAL USE WITH BDC
GENERATORS
ICGLCLK
Figure 17. ICG Block Diagram
5.5
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The HCS08 CPU is fully source- and object-code-compatible with the M68HC08 CPU. Several
instructions and enhanced addressing modes were added to improve C compiler efficiency and to support
a new background debug system which replaces the monitor mode of earlier M68HC08 microcontrollers
(MCU).
5.5.1
CPU Features
Features of the CPU include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Object code fully upward-compatible with M68HC05 and M68HC08 Families
All registers and memory are mapped to a single 64-Kbyte address space
16-bit stack pointer (any size stack anywhere in 64-Kbyte address space)
16-bit index register (H:X) with powerful indexed addressing modes
8-bit accumulator (A)
Many instructions treat X as a second general-purpose 8-bit register
Seven addressing modes:
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
31
— Inherent — Operands in internal registers
— Relative — 8-bit signed offset to branch destination
— Immediate — Operand in next object code byte(s)
— Direct — Operand in memory at 0x0000–0x00FF
— Extended — Operand anywhere in 64-Kbyte address space
— Indexed relative to H:X — Five submodes including auto increment
— Indexed relative to SP — Improves C efficiency dramatically
Memory-to-memory data move instructions with four address mode combinations
•
•
Overflow, half-carry, negative, zero, and carry condition codes support conditional branching on
the results of signed, unsigned, and binary-coded decimal (BCD) operations
•
•
•
Efficient bit manipulation instructions
Fast 8-bit by 8-bit multiply and 16-bit by 8-bit divide instructions
STOP and WAIT instructions to invoke low-power operating modes
5.5.2
Programmer’s Model and CPU Registers
Figure 18 shows the five CPU registers. CPU registers are not part of the memory map.
7
0
ACCUMULATOR
16-BIT INDEX REGISTER H:X
INDEX REGISTER (HIGH) INDEX REGISTER (LOW)
A
H
X
15
8
7
0
SP
PC
STACK POINTER
15
0
PROGRAM COUNTER
7
0
CONDITION CODE REGISTER
V
1
1
H
I
N
Z
C
CCR
CARRY
ZERO
NEGATIVE
INTERRUPT MASK
HALF-CARRY (FROM BIT 3)
TWO’S COMPLEMENT OVERFLOW
Figure 18. CPU Registers
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
32
Freescale Semiconductor
5.6
Parallel Input/Output
The MC1321x HCS08 has seven I/O ports which include a total of 56 general-purpose I/O signals (one of
these pins, PTG0, is output only). The MC1321x family does not use all the these signals as denoted in
Figure 15. Port F and part of port G are not utilized. The MC1321x family makes use of the remaining I/O
as pinned-out I/O or as internally dedicated signal for communication with the 802.15.4 modem.
As stated above port F and part of port G are not utilized. These signals and any unused IO should be
programmed as outputs during initialization for lowest power operation. Many of these pins are shared
with on-chip peripherals such as timer systems, various communication ports, or keyboard interrupts.
When these other modules are not controlling the port pins, they revert to general-purpose I/O control. For
each I/O pin, a port data bit provides access to input (read) and output (write) data, a data direction bit
controls the direction of the pin, and a pullup enable bit enables an internal pullup device (provided the pin
is configured as an input), and a slew rate control bit controls the rise and fall times of the pins.Parallel I/O
features include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A total of 32 general-purpose I/O pins in seven ports (PTG0 is output only)
High-current drivers on port C
Hysteresis input buffers
Software-controlled pullups on each input pin
Software-controlled slew rate output buffers
Eight port A pins shared with KBI1
Eight port B pins shared with ATD1
Eight high-current port C pins shared with SCI2 and IIC1
Eight port D pins shared with TPM1 and TPM2
Eight port E pins shared with SCI1 and SPI1
Eight port G pins shared with EXTAL, XTAL, and BKGD/MS
NOTE
Not all port G signals and no port F signals are bonded out, but are present
in the MCU hardware (see Figure 15). These port I/O signals should be
programmed as outputs set to the low state.
5.7
MCU Peripherals
5.7.1
Modem Dedicated Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module
The HCS08 provides one serial peripheral interface (SPI) module which is connected within the SiP to the
modem SPI port. The four pins associated with SPI functionality are shared with port E pins 2–5. When
the SPI is enabled, the direction of pins is controlled by module configuration.
The MCU SPI port is used only in master mode on the MC1321x family. The user must program the SPI
module for the proper characteristics as listed in the features below and also program the SS signal to have
the proper use to support the modem transaction protocol for the modem CE signal.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
33
5.7.1.1
SPI Features
Features of the SPI module use include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Used in master mode only
Programmable transmit bit rate (maximum usable rate is 8 MHz with modem)
Double-buffered transmit and receive
Serial clock phase and polarity option must be programmed to CPHA = 0 and CPOL = 0
Programmable slave select output to support modem SPI protocol
MSB-first data transfer
5.7.1.2
SPI Module Block Diagram
Figure 19 is a block diagram of the SPI module. The central element of the SPI is the SPI shift register.
Data is written to the double-buffered transmitter (write to SPI1D) and gets transferred to the SPI shift
register at the start of a data transfer. After shifting in a byte of data, the data is transferred into the
double-buffered receiver where it can be read (read from SPI1D). Pin multiplexing logic controls
connections between MCU pins and the SPI module.
When the SPI is configured as a master, the clock output is routed to the SPSCK pin, the shifter output is
routed to MOSI, and the shifter input is routed from the MISO pin.
PIN CONTROL
M
MOSI
SPE
MOSI
MISO
S
Tx BUFFER (WRITE
ENABLE
SPI SYSTEM
M
S
MISO
SHIFT
OUT
SHIFT
IN
SPI SHIFT REGISTER
SPC0
Rx BUFFER (READ)
Rx BUFFER
BIDIROE
MODEM
SPI
PORT
SHIFT
LSBFE
SHIFT
Tx BUFFER
EMPTY
FULL
DIRECTIONCLOCK
MASTER CLOCK
SLAVE CLOCK
M
S
SPSCK
BUS RATE
CLOCK
CLOCK
LOGIC
SPIBR
CLOCK GENERATOR
SPICLK
MASTER/SLAVE
MODE SELECT
MASTER/
SLAVE
MSTR
MOD-
SSOE
SS
MODE FAULT
DETECTION
CE
Connected onboard SiP
SPTEF
SPRF
SPTIE
SPI
INTERRUPT
REQUEST
MODF
SPIE
Figure 19. Modem Dedicated SPI Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
34
Freescale Semiconductor
5.7.2
Keyboard Interrupt (KBI) Module
The HCS08 has one KBI module with eight keyboard interrupt inputs that share port A pins.
The KBI module allows up to eight pins to act as additional interrupt sources. Four of these pins allow
falling-edge sensing while the other four can be configured for either rising-edge sensing or falling-edge
sensing. The sensing mode for all eight pins can also be modified to detect edges and levels instead of only
edges.
This on-chip peripheral module is called a keyboard interrupt (KBI) module because originally it was
designed to simplify the connection and use of row-column matrices of keyboard switches. However, these
inputs are also useful as extra external interrupt inputs and as an external means of waking up the MCU
from stop or wait low-power modes.
5.7.3
KBI Features
The keyboard interrupt (KBI) module features include:
•
Keyboard interrupts selectable on eight port pins:
— Four falling-edge/low-level sensitive
— Four falling-edge/low-level or rising-edge/high-level sensitive
— Choice of edge-only or edge-and-level sensitivity
— Common interrupt flag and interrupt enable control
— Capable of waking up the MCU from stop3 or wait mode
5.7.3.1
KBI Block Diagram
Figure 20 shows the block diagram for the KBI module.
KBIP0
KBIPE0
BUSCLK
KBACK
RESET
KBIP3
VDD
KBIPE3
KBF
CLR
D
Q
1
0
SYNCHRONIZER
STOP BYPASS
CK
KBIP4
S
KBIPE4
KEYBOARD
INTERRUPT FF
STOP
KEYBOARD
INTERRUPT
REQUEST
KBEDG4
KBIMOD
1
0
KBIE
KBIPn
S
KBIPEn
KBEDGn
Figure 20. KBI Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
35
5.7.4
Timer/PWM (TPM) Module Introduction
The HCS08 includes two independent Timer/PWM (TPM) modules which support traditional input
capture, output compare, or buffered edge-aligned pulse-width modulation (PWM) on each channel. A
control bit in each TPM configures all channels in that timer to operate as center-aligned PWM functions.
In each of these two TPMs, timing functions are based on a separate 16-bit counter with prescaler and
modulo features to control frequency and range (period between overflows) of the time reference. This
timing system is ideally suited for a wide range of control applications, and the center-aligned PWM
capability on the 3-channel TPM extends the field of applications to motor control in small appliances.
The use of the fixed system clock, XCLK, as the clock source for either of the TPM modules allows the
TPM prescaler to run using the oscillator rate divided by two (ICGERCLK/2). This clock source must be
selected only if the ICG is configured in either FBE or FEE mode. In FBE mode, this selection is redundant
because the BUSCLK frequency is the same as XCLK. In FEE mode, the proper conditions must be met
for XCLK to equal ICGERCLK/2. Selecting XCLK as the clock source with the ICG in either FEI or SCM
mode will result in the TPM being non-functional.
5.7.4.1
TPM Features
The timer system in the MC1321x family MCU includes a one external 4-channel (5-channel internal)
TPM1 and one external 1-channel (3-channel internal) TPM2. Timer system features include
•
A total of 5 external channels:
— Each channel may be input capture, output compare, or buffered edge-aligned PWM
— Rising-edge, falling-edge, or any-edge input capture trigger
— Set, clear, or toggle output compare action
— Selectable polarity on PWM outputs
•
•
Each TPM may be configured for buffered, center-aligned pulse-width modulation (CPWM) on all
channels
Clock source to prescaler for each TPM is independently selectable as bus clock, fixed system
clock, or an external pin
•
•
•
•
•
Prescale taps for divide by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128
16-bit free-running or up/down (CPWM) count operation
16-bit modulus register to control counter range
Timer system enable
One interrupt per channel plus terminal count interrupt
5.7.4.2
TPM Block Diagram
The TPM uses one input/output (I/O) pin per channel, TPMxCHn where x is the TPM number (for
example, 1 or 2) and n is the channel number (for example, 1–4). The TPM shares its I/O pins with
general-purpose I/O port pins. Figure 21 shows the structure of a TPM. Some MCUs include more than
one TPM, with various numbers of channels.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
36
Freescale Semiconductor
BUSCLK
XCLK
CLOCK SOURCE
SELECT
PRESCALE AND SELECT
DIVIDE BY
OFF, BUS, XCLK, EXT
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128
SYNC
TPM1) EXT CLK
PS2
PS1
PS0
CLKSB
CLKSA
CPWMS
MAIN 16-BIT COUNTER
TOF
TFIE
INTERRUPT
LOGIC
COUNTER RESET
16-BIT COMPARATOR
TPM1MODH:TPM1MODL
ELS1B ELS1A
CHANNEL 1
PORT
LOGIC
TPM1CH1
16-BIT COMPARATOR
TPM1C1VH:TPM1C1VL
CH1F
INTERRUPT
LOGIC
16-BIT LATCH
CH1IE
MS1B
MS1A
Figure 21. TPM Block Diagram
5.7.5
Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Module
The HCS08 includes two independent serial communications interface (SCI) modules — sometimes called
universal asynchronous receiver/transmitters (UARTs). Typically, these systems are used to connect to the
RS232 serial input/output (I/O) port of a personal computer or workstation, and they can also be used to
communicate with other embedded controllers.
A flexible, 13-bit, modulo-based baud rate generator supports a broad range of standard baud rates beyond
115.2 kbaud. Transmit and receive within the same SCI use a common baud rate, and each SCI module
has a separate baud rate generator.
This SCI system offers many advanced features not commonly found on other asynchronous serial I/O
peripherals on other embedded controllers. The receiver employs an advanced data sampling technique
that ensures reliable communication and noise detection. Hardware parity, receiver wakeup, and double
buffering on transmit and receive are also included.
5.7.5.1
SCI Features
Features of SCI module include:
•
•
•
•
Full-duplex, standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format
Double-buffered transmitter and receiver with separate enables
Programmable baud rates (13-bit modulo divider)
Interrupt-driven or polled operation:
— Transmit data register empty and transmission complete
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
37
— Receive data register full
— Receive overrun, parity error, framing error, and noise error
— Idle receiver detect
•
•
•
Hardware parity generation and checking
Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length
Receiver walk-up by idle-line or address-mark
5.7.5.2
SCI Block Diagrams
The SCI allows full-duplex, asynchronous, NRZ serial communication among the MCU and remote
devices, including other MCUs. The SCI comprises a baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver block.
The transmitter and receiver operate independently, although they use the same baud rate generator.
During normal operation, the MCU monitors the status of the SCI, writes the data to be transmitted, and
processes received data. Figure 22 and Figure 23 show the SCI transmitter and receiver block diagrams.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
38
Freescale Semiconductor
INTERNAL BUS
(WRITE-ONLY)
LOOPS
RSRC
SCID – Tx BUFFER
LOOP
TO RECEIVE
DATA IN
CONTROL
M
11-BIT TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
TO TxD1 PIN
H
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
L
1 ¥ BAUD
RATE CLOCK
SHIFT DIRECTION
T8
PE
PT
PARITY
GENERATION
SCI CONTROLS TxD1
TxD1 DIRECTION
ENABLE
TE
TO TxD1
TRANSMIT CONTROL
PIN LOGIC
SBK
TXDIR
TDRE
TIE
Tx INTERRUPT
REQUEST
TC
TCIE
Figure 22. SCI Transmitter
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
39
INTERNAL BUS
(READ-ONLY)
SCID – Rx BUFFER
DIVIDE
16 ¥ BAUD
RATE CLOCK
BY 16
M
11-BIT RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
H
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
L
DATA RECOVERY
FROM RxD1 PIN
SHIFT DIRECTION
LOOPS
RSRC
WAKE
SINGLE-WIRE
LOOP CONTROL
WAKEUP
LOGIC
RWU
ILT
FROM
TRANSMITTER
RDRF
RIE
Rx INTERRUPT
REQUEST
IDLE
ILIE
OR
ORIE
FE
FEIE
ERROR INTERRUPT
REQUEST
NF
NEIE
PE
PT
PARITY
CHECKING
PF
PEIE
Figure 23. SCI Receiver
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
40
Freescale Semiconductor
5.7.6
Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) Module
The HCS08 microcontroller provides one inter-integrated circuit (IIC) module for communication with
other integrated circuits. The two pins associated with this module, SDA and SCL share port C pins 2 and
3, respectively. All functionality as described in this section is available on HCS08. When the IIC is
enabled, the direction of pins is controlled by module configuration. If the IIC is disabled, both pins can
be used as general-purpose I/O.
The inter-integrated circuit (IIC) provides a method of communication between a number of
devices{statement}. The interface is designed to operate up to 100 kbps with maximum bus loading and
timing. The device is capable of operating at higher baud rates, up to a maximum of clock/20, with reduced
bus loading. The maximum communication length and the number of devices that can be connected are
limited by a maximum bus capacitance of 400 pF.
5.7.6.1
IIC Features
The IIC includes these features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IP bus V2.0 compliant Compatible with IIC bus standard
Multi-master operation {statement}
Software programmable for one of 64 different serial clock frequencies {iic_prescale.asm}
Software selectable acknowledge bit {iic_ack.asm}
Interrupt driven byte-by-byte data transfer {iic_int.asm}
Arbitration lost interrupt with automatic mode switching from master to slave {iic_int.asm}
Calling address identification interrupt {iic_int.asm}
START and STOP signal generation/detection
{iic_transmit.asm}{iic_receive.asm}{iic_receive_addon.asm}
•
•
•
Repeated START signal generation {iic_transmit.asm}
Acknowledge bit generation/detection {iic_ack.asm}
Bus busy detection {iic_bus_busy.asm}
5.7.6.2
IIC Modes of Operation
The IIC functions the same in normal and monitor modes. A brief description of the IIC in the various
MCU modes is given here.
Run mode
Wait mode
Stop mode
This is the basic mode of operation. To conserve power in this mode, disable the
module.
The module will continue to operate while the MCU is in wait mode and can
provide a wake-up interrupt.
The IIC is inactive in Stop3 Mode for reduced power consumption. The STOP
instruction does not affect IIC register states. Stop1 and Stop2 will reset the
register contents.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
41
5.7.6.3
IIC Block Diagram
Figure 24 shows a block diagram of the IIC module.
ADDRESS
DATA BUS
DATA_MUX
INTERRUPT
ADDR_DECODE
CTRL_REG
FREQ_REG
ADDR_REG
STATUS_REG
DATA_REG
INPUT
SYNC
IN/OUT
DATA
START
STOP
SHIFT
ARBITRATION
CONTROL
REGISTER
CLOCK
ADDRESS
COMPARE
CONTROL
SDA
SCL
Figure 24. IIC Functional Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
42
Freescale Semiconductor
5.7.7
Analog-to-Digital (ATD) Module
The HCS08 provides one 8-channel analog-to-digital (ATD) module. The eight ATD channels share
Port B. Each channel individually can be configured for general-purpose I/O or for ATD functionality.
5.7.7.1
ATD Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
8-/10-bit resolution
14.0 μsec, 10-bit single conversion time at a conversion frequency of 2 MHz
Left-/right-justified result data
Left-justified signed data mode
Conversion complete flag or conversion complete interrupt generation
Analog input multiplexer for up to eight analog input channels
Single or continuous conversion mode
5.7.7.2
ATD Modes of Operation
The ATD has two modes for low power
1. Stop mode
2. Power-down mode
5.7.7.2.1
ATD Stop Mode
When the MCU goes into Stop Mode, the MCU stops the clocks and the ATD analog circuitry is turned
off, placing the module into a low-power state. Once in stop mode, the ATD module aborts any single or
continuous conversion in progress. Upon exiting stop mode, no conversions occur and the registers have
their previous values. As long as the ATDPU bit is set prior to entering stop mode, the module is
reactivated coming out of stop.
5.7.7.2.2
ATD Power Down Mode
Clearing the ATDPU bit in register ATD1C also places the ATD module in a low-power state. The ATD
conversion clock is disabled and the analog circuitry is turned off, placing the module in power-down
mode. (This mode does not remove power to the ATD module.) Once in power-down mode, the ATD
module aborts any conversion in progress. Upon setting the ATDPU bit, the module is reactivated. During
power-down mode, the ATD registers are still accessible.
NOTE
The reset state of the ATDPU bit is zero. Therefore, the module is reset into
the power-down state.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
43
5.7.7.3
ATD Block Diagram
Figure 25 shows the functional structure of the ATD module.
CONTROL
SAR_REG
<9:0>
INTERRUPT
DATA
JUSTIFICATION
CONTROL AND
STATUS
REGISTERS
ADDRESS
R/W DATA
RESULT REGISTERS
CTL
VDD
VSS
STATUS
PRESCALER
CTL
CONVERSION MODE
CONTROL BLOCK
BUSCLK
STATE
MACHINE
CLOCK
PRESCALER
CONVERSION CLOCK
DIGITAL
ANALOG
CTL
POWERDOWN
VREFH
VREFL
VDDAD
VSSAD
SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION REGISTER
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ATD) BLOCK
AD1P0
AD1P1
AD1P2
AD1P3
INPUT
MUX
AD1P4
AD1P5
AD1P6
AD1P7
= INTERNAL PINS
= CHIP PADS
Figure 25. ATD Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
44
Freescale Semiconductor
5.7.8
Development Support
Development support systems in the include the background debug controller (BDC) and the on-chip
debug module (DBG). The BDC provides a single-wire debug interface to the target MCU that provides a
convenient interface for programming the on-chip FLASH and other non-volatile memories. The BDC is
also the primary debug interface for development and allows non-intrusive access to memory data and
traditional debug features such as CPU register modify, breakpoints, and single instruction trace
commands.
Address and data bus signals are not available on external pins (not even in test modes). Debug is done
through commands fed into the MCU via the single-wire background debug interface. The debug module
provides a means to selectively trigger and capture bus information so an external development system can
reconstruct what happened inside the MCU on a cycle-by-cycle basis without having external access to the
address and data signals.
The alternate BDC clock source for HCS08 is the ICGLCLK.
5.7.8.1
Development Support Features
Features of the background debug controller (BDC) include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Single pin for mode selection and background communications
BDC registers are not located in the memory map
SYNC command to determine target communications rate
Non-intrusive commands for memory access
Active background mode commands for CPU register access
GO and TRACE1 commands
BACKGROUND command can wake CPU from stop or wait modes
One hardware address breakpoint built into BDC
Oscillator runs in stop mode, if BDC enabled
COP watchdog disabled while in active background mode
Features of the debug module (DBG) include:
•
•
•
•
Two trigger comparators:
— Two address + read/write (R/W) or
— One full address + data + R/W
Flexible 8-word by 16-bit FIFO (first-in, first-out) buffer for capture information:
— Change-of-flow addresses or
— Event-only data
Two types of breakpoints:
— Tag breakpoints for instruction opcodes
— Force breakpoints for any address access
Nine trigger modes:
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
45
— A-only
— A OR B
— A then B
— A AND B data (full mode)
— A AND NOT B data (full mode)
— Event-only B (store data)
— A then event-only B (store data)
— Inside range (A ≤ address ≤ B)
— Outside range (address < A or address > B)
6 System Electrical Specification
This section details maximum ratings for the 71 pin LGA package and recommended operating conditions,
DC characteristics, and AC characteristics for the modem, and the MCU.
6.1
SiP LGA Package Maximum Ratings
Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only, and functional operation at the maximum rating is not
guaranteed. Stress beyond the limits specified in Table 6 may affect device reliability or cause permanent
damage to the device. For functional operating conditions, refer to the remaining tables in this section.
This device contains circuitry protecting against damage due to high static voltage or electrical fields;
however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltages higher than
maximum-rated voltages to this high-impedance circuit. Reliability of operation is enhanced if unused
inputs are tied to an appropriate logic voltage level (for instance, either V or V ) or the programmable
SS
DD
pull-up resistor associated with the pin is enabled.
Table 6 shows the maximum ratings for the 71 Pin LGA package.
Table 6. LGA Package Maximum Ratings
Rating
Maximum Junction Temperature
Symbol
Value
Unit
TJ
Tstg
125
°C
°C
Storage Temperature Range
Power Supply Voltage
Digital Input Voltage
-55 to 125
VBATT, VDDINT
Vin
-0.3 to 3.6
Vdc
-0.3 to (VDDINT + 0.3)
RF Input Power
Pmax
10
dBm
mA
Maximum Current into VDD
IDD
120
± 25
Instantaneous Maximum Current (Single Pin Limit)1, 2, 3
ID
mA
Note: Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation should be restricted to the limits in the Electrical Characteristics
or Recommended Operating Conditions tables.
Note: Meets Human Body Model (HBM) = 2 kV. RF input/output pins have no ESD protection.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
46
Freescale Semiconductor
1
Input must be current limited to the value specified. To determine the value of the required current-limiting resistor, calculate
resistance values for positive (VDD) and negative (VSS) clamp voltages, then use the larger of the two resistance values.
2
3
All functional non-supply pins are internally clamped to VSS and VDD
.
Power supply must maintain regulation within operating VDD range during instantaneous and operating maximum current
conditions. If positive injection current (VIn > VDD) is greater than IDD, the injection current may flow out of VDD and could
result in external power supply going out of regulation. Ensure external VDD load will shunt current greater than maximum
injection current. This will be the greatest risk when the MCU is not consuming power. Examples are: if no system clock is
present, or if the clock rate is very low which would reduce overall power consumption.
6.2
802.15.4 Modem Electrical Characteristics
6.2.1
Modem Recommended Operating Conditions
Table 7. Recommended Operating Conditions
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1
Power Supply Voltage (VBATT = VDDINT
)
VBATT,
2.0
2.7
3.4
Vdc
VDDINT
Input Frequency
fin
TA
VIL
2.405
-40
0
-
25
-
2.480
85
GHz
°C
Operating Temperature Range
Logic Input Voltage Low
30%
V
VDDINT
Logic Input Voltage High
VIH
70%
-
VDDINT
V
VDDINT
SPI Clock Rate
RF Input Power
fSPI
Pmax
fref
-
-
-
-
8.0
10
MHz
dBm
Crystal Reference Oscillator Frequency (±40 ppm over operating
conditions to meet the 802.15.4 Standard.)
16 MHz Only
1
If the supply voltage is produced by a switching DC-DC converter, ripple should be less than 100 mV peak-to-peak.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
47
6.2.2
Modem DC Electrical Characteristics
Table 8. DC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise noted)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Power Supply Current (VBATT + VDDINT
)
Off1
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.2
1.0
35
500
30
1.0
6.0
102
800
35
µA
µA
µA
µA
mA
mA
Ileakage
ICCH
ICCD
ICCI
ICCT
ICCR
Hibernate1
Doze (No CLKO)1 2
Idle
Transmit Mode (0 dBm nominal output power)
Receive Mode
37
42
Input Current (VIN = 0 V or VDDINT) (All digital inputs)
Input Low Voltage (All digital inputs)
IIN
-
-
-
±1
µA
V
VIL
0
30%
VDDINT
Input High Voltage (all digital inputs)
VIH
VOH
VOL
70%
VDDINT
-
-
-
VDDINT
V
V
V
Output High Voltage (IOH = -1 mA) (All digital outputs)
Output Low Voltage (IOL = 1 mA) (All digital outputs)
80%
VDDINT
VDDINT
0
20%
VDDINT
1
2
To attain specified low power current, all GPIO and other digital IO must be handled properly. See Section 7.2, “Low Power
Considerations.
CLKO frequency at default value of 32.786 kHz.
6.2.3
Modem AC Electrical Characteristics
NOTE
All AC parameters measured with SPI Registers at default settings except
where noted.
Table 9. Receiver AC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 °C, fref = 16 MHz, unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Sensitivity for 1% Packet Error Rate (PER) (-40 to +85 °C)
Sensitivity for 1% Packet Error Rate (PER) (+25 °C)
Saturation (maximum input level)
SENSper
-
-
-
-92
-92
10
-
-87
-
dBm
dBm
dBm
SENSmax
Channel Rejection for dual port mode (1% PER and desired signal -82 dBm)
+5 MHz (adjacent channel)
-
-
-
-
-
34
29
44
44
56
-
-
-
-
-
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
-5 MHz (adjacent channel)
+10 MHz (alternate channel)
-10 MHz (alternate channel)
>= 15 MHz
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
48
Freescale Semiconductor
Table 9. Receiver AC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 °C, fref = 16 MHz, unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Frequency Error Tolerance
Symbol Rate Error Tolerance
-
-
-
-
200
80
kHz
ppm
Table 10. Transmitter AC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 °C, fref = 16 MHz, unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Power Spectral Density (-40 to +85 °C) Absolute limit
Power Spectral Density (-40 to +85 °C) Relative limit
Nominal Output Power1
-
-
-47
47
0
-
-
dBm
Pout
-4
2
dBm
dBm
%
Maximum Output Power2
3
Error Vector Magnitude
EVM
-
-
-
-
-
18
30
250
-48
-70
35
-
Ouput Power Control Range
Over the Air Data Rate
dB
-
kbps
dBc
dBc
2nd Harmonic3
-
3rd Harmonic3
-
1
SPI Register 12 is default value of 0x00BC which sets output power to nominal (-1 dBm typical).
SPI Register 12 programmed to 0xFF which sets output power to maximum.
Measured with output power set to nominal (0 dBm) and temperature @ 25 °C
2
3
VDDA
L10
4.7nH
Z4
C13
3
2
4
1
5
6
C17
1.0pF
10pF
U4
GPIO1
44
L11
IC2
LDB212G4005C-001
3
1
6
5
4
OUT2 VDD
OUT1
39
38
4.7nH
C16
PAO_M
PAO_P
IN
C12
10pF
2
GND
36
35
34
10pF
2
3
4
5
RFIN_P
RFIN_M
CT_Bias
VCONT
L13
J3
µPG2012TK-E2
SMA_edge_Recep
3.3nH
Z5
C14
L12
2.2nH
C15
1.8pF
3
1
MC1321x
C18
1.8pF
2
4
5
10pF
6
L14
LDB212G4005C-001
3.3nH
Figure 26. RF Parametric Evaluation Circuit
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
49
Table 11. RF Port Impedance
Characteristic
Symbol
Typ
Unit
RFIN Pins for internal T/R switch configuration, TX mode
2.405 GHz
2.442 GHz
2.480 GHz
Zin
16.2 - j139
16.0 – j136
15.7 – j133
Ω
RFIN Pins for internal or external T/R switch configuration, RX mode
2.405 GHz
2.442 GHz
2.480 GHz
Zin
Zin
12.6 – j93.7
12.5 – j91.4
12.4 – j89.3
Ω
Ω
PAO Pins for external T/R switch configuration, TX mode
2.405 GHz
2.442 GHz
2.480 GHz
18.5 – j148
18.3 – j146
18.2 – j143
6.3
MCU Electrical Characteristics
6.3.1
MCU DC Characteristics
Table 12. MCU DC Characteristics
(Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typical1
Max
Unit
Supply voltage (run, wait and stop modes.)
0 < fBus < 8 MHz
0 < fBus < 20 MHz
VDD
V
1.8
2.08
3.6
3.6
Minimum RAM retention supply voltage applied to VDD
VRAM
1.02
—
V
V
Low-voltage detection threshold — high range
VLVDH
(VDD falling)
(VDD rising)
2.08
2.16
2.1
2.19
2.2
2.27
Low-voltage detection threshold — low range
VLVDL
VLVWH
VLVWL
VRearm
V
V
V
(VDD falling)
(VDD rising)
1.80
1.88
1.82
1.90
1.91
1.99
Low-voltage warning threshold — high range
2.5
(VDD falling)
(VDD rising)
2.35
2.35
2.40
2.40
Low-voltage warning threshold — low range
(VDD falling)
(VDD rising)
2.08
2.16
2.1
2.19
2.2
2.27
Power on reset (POR) re-arm voltage(2)
Mode = stop
Mode = run and Wait
0.20
0.50
0.30
0.80
0.40
1.2
V
Input high voltage (VDD > 2.3 V) (all digital inputs)
VIH
VIH
0.70 × VDD
0.85 × VDD
—
—
V
V
Input high voltage (1.8 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.3 V)
(all digital inputs)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
50
Freescale Semiconductor
Table 12. MCU DC Characteristics (continued)
(Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typical1
Max
Unit
Input low voltage (VDD > 2.3 V) (all digital inputs)
VIL
VIL
—
—
0.35 × VDD
0.30 × VDD
V
Input low voltage (1.8 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.3 V)
(all digital inputs)
V
V
Input hysteresis (all digital inputs)
Vhys
|IIn|
0.06 × VDD
—
Input leakage current (per pin)
—
0.025
0.025
1.0
μA
VIn = VDD or VSS, all input only pins
High impedance (off-state) leakage current (per pin)
VIn = VDD or VSS, all input/output
|IOZ
|
—
17.5
1.0
52.5
52.5
—
μA
Internal pullup and pulldown resistors3
(all port pins and IRQ)
RPU
RPD
VOH
kohm
kohm
Internal pulldown resistors (Port A4–A7 and IRQ)
17.5
Output high voltage (VDD ≥ 1.8 V)
I
= –2 mA (ports A, B, D, E, and G)
VDD – 0.5
OH
Output high voltage (ports C and F)
VDD – 0.5
V
I
I
I
= –10 mA (VDD ≥ 2.7 V)
= –6 mA (VDD ≥ 2.3 V)
= –3 mA (VDD ≥ 1.8 V)
—
—
—
OH
OH
OH
Maximum total IOH for all port pins
|IOHT
|
—
—
60
mA
Output low voltage (VDD ≥ 1.8 V)
VOL
I
= 2.0 mA (ports A, B, D, E, and G)
0.5
OL
Output low voltage (ports C and F)
V
I
= 10.0 mA (VDD ≥ 2.7 V)
= 6 mA (VDD ≥ 2.3 V)
—
—
—
0.5
0.5
0.5
OL
I
I
OL
OL
= 3 mA (V ≥ 1.8 V)
DD
Maximum total IOL for all port pins
IOLT
|IIC|
—
60
mA
dc injection current4, 5, 6, 7, 8
VIN < VSS , VIN > VDD
Single pin limit
Total MCU limit, includes sum of all stressed pins
—
—
0.2
5
mA
mA
Input capacitance (all non-supply pins)(2)
CIn
—
7
pF
1
Typicals are measured at 25°C.
2
3
4
This parameter is characterized and not tested on each device.
Measurement condition for pull resistors: VIn = VSS for pullup and VIn = VDD for pulldown.
Power supply must maintain regulation within operating VDD range during instantaneous and operating maximum current
conditions. If positive injection current (VIn > VDD) is greater than IDD, the injection current may flow out of VDD and could result
in external power supply going out of regulation. Ensure external VDD load will shunt current greater than maximum injection
current. This will be the greatest risk when the MCU is not consuming power. Examples are: if no system clock is present, or if
clock rate is very low which would reduce overall power consumption.
5
6
All functional non-supply pins are internally clamped to VSS and VDD
.
Input must be current limited to the value specified. To determine the value of the required current-limiting resistor, calculate
resistance values for positive and negative clamp voltages, then use the larger of the two values.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
51
7
8
This parameter is characterized and not tested on each device.
IRQ does not have a clamp diode to VDD. Do not drive IRQ above VDD
.
6.3.2
MCU Supply Current Characteristics
NOTE
To attain the low power currents specified for Stop2, and Stop3 modes, all
unused GPIO (including signals not pinned-out) must be programmed to a
known condition; recommended as outputs in the low state.
Table 13. MCU Supply Current Characteristics
(Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
Parameter
Symbol
VDD (V)
Typical1
Max2
Temp. (°C)
2.1 mA(4)
2.1 mA(4)
2.1 mA(4)
55
70
85
3
1.1 mA
Run supply current3 measured at
(CPU clock = 2 MHz, fBus = 1 MHz)
RIDD
1.8 mA(4)
1.8 mA(4)
1.8 mA(4)
55
70
85
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
0.8 mA
6.5 mA
4.8 mA
25 nA
7.5 mA(4)
7.5 mA(4)
7.5 mA(5)
55
70
85
Run supply current (3) measured at
(CPU clock = 16 MHz, fBus = 8 MHz)
RIDD
S1IDD
S2IDD
5.8 mA(4)
5.8 mA(4)
5.8 mA(4)
55
70
85
0.6 μA(4)
1.8 μA(4)
4.0 μA(5)
55
70
85
Stop1 mode supply current
500 nA(4)
1.5 μA(4)
3.3 μA(4)
55
70
85
20 nA
3.0 μA(4)
5.5 μA(4)
11 μA(5)
55
70
85
550 nA
400 nA
Stop2 mode supply current
2.4 μA(4)
5.0 μA(4)
9.5 μA(4)
55
70
85
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
52
Freescale Semiconductor
Table 13. MCU Supply Current Characteristics (continued)
(Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
Parameter
Symbol
VDD (V)
Typical1
Max2
Temp. (°C)
4.3 μA(4)
7.2 μA(4)
17.0 μA(5)
55
70
85
3
675 nA
S3IDD
Stop3 mode supply current
3.5 μA(4)
6.2 μA(4)
15.0 μA(4)
55
70
85
2
500 nA
55
70
85
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
300 nA
300 nA
70 μA
60 μA
5 μA
RTI adder to Stop2 or Stop36
55
70
85
55
70
85
LVI adder to Stop3
(LVDSE = LVDE = 1)
55
70
85
55
70
85
Adder to Stop3 for oscillator enabled7
(OSCSTEN = 1)
55
70
85
5 μA
55
70
85
Adder for loss-of-clock enabled
9 μA
1
Typicals are measured at 25°C.
2
3
4
5
6
Values given here are preliminary estimates prior to completing characterization.
All modules except ATD active, ICG configured for FBE, and does not include any dc loads on port pins
Values are characterized but not tested on every part.
Every unit tested to this parameter. All other values in the Max column are guaranteed by characterization.
Most customers are expected to find that auto-wake up from Stop2 or Stop3 can be used instead of the higher current wait
mode. Wait mode typical is 560 μA at 3 V and 422 μA at 2V with fBus = 1 MHz.
Values given under the following conditions: low range operation (RANGE = 0), low power mode (HGO = 0), clock monitor
disabled (LOCD = 1)
7
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
53
6.3.3
MCU ATD Characteristics
Table 14. MCU ATD Electrical Characteristics (Operating)
Num
Characteristic
ATD supply1
ATD supply current
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
1
2
VDDAD
IDDADrun
IDDADstop
1.80
—
—
0.7
3.6
1.2
0.6
V
Enabled
mA
μA
Disabled
—
0.02
(ATDPU = 0
or STOP)
3
4
5
Differential supply voltage VDD–VDDAD
Differential ground voltage VSS–VSSAD
Reference potential, low
|VDDLT
|VSDLT
|VREFL
VREFH
|
—
—
—
—
—
—
100
100
mV
mV
V
|
—
VSSAD
VDDAD
Reference potential, high
2.08V < VDDAD
3.6V
<
<
2.08
V
1.80V < VDDAD
2.08V
VDDAD
—
VDDAD
6
Reference supply current
Enabled
IREF
IREF
—
—
200
300
μA
(VREFH to VREFL
)
Disabled
<0.01
0.02
(ATDPU = 0
or STOP)
7
Analog input voltage2
VINDC
VSSAD – 0.3
—
VDDAD + 0.3
V
1
VDDAD must be at same potential as VDD
.
2
Maximum electrical operating range, not valid conversion range.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
54
Freescale Semiconductor
1
Table 15. ATD Timing/Performance Characteristics
Num
Characteristic
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1
ATD conversion clock
frequency
fATDCLK
2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V
0.5
0.5
28
—
—
28
2.0
1.0
MHz
2
3
Conversion cycles
CCP
Tconv
<30
ATDCLK
cycles
(continuous convert)2
Conversion time
2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V
14.0
28.0
—
—
—
—
60.0
60.0
10
μS
4
Source impedance at
input3
RAS
kΩ
5
6
Analog Input Voltage4
VAIN
RES
VREFL
2.031
1.758
—
VREFH
3.516
2.031
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+5
V
Ideal resolution (1 LSB)5
2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V
1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80 V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V
1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V
—
—
mV
7
8
Differential non-linearity6
Integral non-linearity7
Zero-scale error8
DNL
INL
EZS
EFS
EIL
+0.5
+0.5
+0.4
+0.4
+0.05
+1.1
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
—
9
—
10
11
12
Full-scale error9
—
Input leakage error 10
—
Total unadjusted
error11
ETU
—
+2.5
1
2
All ACCURACY numbers are based on processor and system being in WAIT state (very little activity and no IO switching) and
that adequate low-pass filtering is present on analog input pins (filter with 0.01 μF to 0.1 μF capacitor between analog input
and VREFL). Failure to observe these guidelines may result in system or microcontroller noise causing accuracy errors which
will vary based on board layout and the type and magnitude of the activity.
This is the conversion time for subsequent conversions in continuous convert mode. Actual conversion time for single
conversions or the first conversion in continuous mode is extended by one ATD clock cycle and 2 bus cycles due to starting
the conversion and setting the CCF flag. The total conversion time in Bus Cycles for a conversion is:
SC Bus Cycles = ((PRS+1)*2) * (28+1) + 2
CC Bus Cycles = ((PRS+1)*2) * (28)
3
4
RAS is the real portion of the impedance of the network driving the analog input pin. Values greater than this amount may not
fully charge the input circuitry of the ATD resulting in accuracy error.
Analog input must be between VREFL and VREFH for valid conversion. Values greater than VREFH will convert to $3FF less the
full scale error (EFS).
5
6
The resolution is the ideal step size or 1LSB = (VREFH–VREFL)/1024
Differential non-linearity is the difference between the current code width and the ideal code width (1LSB). The current code
width is the difference in the transition voltages to and from the current code.
7
8
9
Integral non-linearity is the difference between the transition voltage to the current code and the adjusted ideal transition
voltage for the current code. The adjusted ideal transition voltage is (Current Code–1/2)*(1/((VREFH+EFS)–(VREFL+EZS))).
Zero-scale error is the difference between the transition to the first valid code and the ideal transition to that code. The Ideal
transition voltage to a given code is (Code–1/2)*(1/(VREFH–VREFL)).
Full-scale error is the difference between the transition to the last valid code and the ideal transition to that code. The ideal
transition voltage to a given code is (Code–1/2)*(1/(VREFH–VREFL)).
10 Input leakage error is error due to input leakage across the real portion of the impedance of the network driving the analog pin.
Reducing the impedance of the network reduces this error.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
55
11 Total unadjusted error is the difference between the transition voltage to the current code and the ideal straight-line transfer
function. This measure of error includes inherent quantization error (1/2LSB) and circuit error (differential, integral, zero-scale,
and full-scale) error. The specified value of ET assumes zero EIL (no leakage or zero real source impedance).
6.3.4
MCU Internal Clock Generation Module Characteristics
ICG
EXTAL
XTAL
RS
RF
Crystal or Resonator (See Note)
C1
C2
NOTE:
Use fundamental mode crystal or ceramic resonator only.
Figure 27. ICG Clock Basic Schematic
Table 16. MCU ICG DC Electrical Specifications
(Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
Characteristic
Load capacitors
Symbol
Min
Typ1
Max
Unit
2
C1
C2
Feedback resistor
RF
Low range (32k to 100 kHz)
High range (1M – 16 MHz)
10
1
MΩ
MW
Series Resistor
RS
0
Ω
1
Data in Typical column was characterized at 3.0 V, 25°C or is typical recommended
value.
2
See crystal or resonator manufacturer’s recommendation.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
56
Freescale Semiconductor
6.3.5
MCU ICG Frequency Specifications
Table 17. MCU ICG Frequency Specifications
(min) to V (max), Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
(V
= V
DDA
DDA
DDA
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
Oscillator crystal or resonator (REFS = 1)
(Fundamental mode crystal or ceramic resonator)
Low range
High range , FLL bypassed external (CLKS = 10)
High range , FLL engaged external (CLKS = 11)
flo
fhi_byp
fhi_eng
32
2
2
—
—
—
100
16
10
kHz
MHz
MHz
Input clock frequency (CLKS = 11, REFS = 0)
Low range
High range
flo
fhi_eng
32
2
—
—
100
10
kHz
MHz
Input clock frequency (CLKS = 10, REFS = 0)
Internal reference frequency (untrimmed)
Duty cycle of input clock 4 (REFS = 0)
fExtal
fICGIRCLK
tdc
0
—
243
—
40
303.75
60
MHz
kHz
%
182.25
40
Output clock ICGOUT frequency
CLKS = 10, REFS = 0
All other cases
fICGOUT
fExtal (min)
flo (min)
f
Extal (max)
MHz
fICGDCLKma
x(max)
Minimum DCO clock (ICGDCLK) frequency
Maximum DCO clock (ICGDCLK) frequency
fICGDCLKmin
8
—
—
MHz
MHz
fICGDCLKma
40
x
Self-clock mode (ICGOUT) frequency 1
fSelf
fICGDCLKmin
fICGDCLKma
MHz
MHz
kHz
x
Self-clock mode reset (ICGOUT) frequency
fSelf_reset
fLOR
5.5
8
10.5
Loss of reference frequency 2
Low range
5
25
High range
50
500
Loss of DCO frequency 3
fLOD
0.5
1.5
MHz
ms
Crystal start-up time 4, 5
Low range
t
—
—
430
4
—
—
CSTL
t
High range
CSTH
FLL lock time 4, 6
Low range
ms
tLockl
tLockh
—
—
2
2
High range
FLL frequency unlock range
FLL frequency lock range
nUnlock
nLock
–4*N
–2*N
4*N
2*N
counts
counts
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
57
Table 17. MCU ICG Frequency Specifications (continued)
= V (min) to V (max), Temperature Range = –40 to 85°C Ambient)
DDA
(V
DDA
DDA
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
ICGOUT period jitter, 4, 7 measured at fICGOUT Max
Long term jitter (averaged over 2 ms interval)
CJitter
% fICG
—
0.2
Internal oscillator deviation from trimmed frequency
VDD = 1.8 – 3.6 V, (constant temperature)
VDD = 3.0 V ±10%, –40° C to 85° C
ACCint
%
—
—
±0.5
±0.5
±2
±2
1
2
Self-clocked mode frequency is the frequency that the DCO generates when the FLL is open-loop.
Loss of reference frequency is the reference frequency detected internally, which transitions the ICG into self-clocked mode if
it is not in the desired range.
3
Loss of DCO frequency is the DCO frequency detected internally, which transitions the ICG into FLL bypassed external mode
(if an external reference exists) if it is not in the desired range.
4
5
6
This parameter is characterized before qualification rather than 100% tested.
Proper PC board layout procedures must be followed to achieve specifications.
This specification applies to the period of time required for the FLL to lock after entering FLL engaged internal or external
modes. If a crystal/resonator is being used as the reference, this specification assumes it is already running.
7
Jitter is the average deviation from the programmed frequency measured over the specified interval at maximum fICGOUT
.
Measurements are made with the device powered by filtered supplies and clocked by a stable external clock signal. Noise
injected into the FLL circuitry via VDDA and VSSA and variation in crystal oscillator frequency increase the CJitter percentage
for a given interval.
6.4
MCU AC Peripheral Characteristics
This section describes ac timing characteristics for each peripheral system.
6.4.1
MCU Control Timing
Table 18. MCU Control Timing
Parameter
Bus frequency (tcyc = 1/fBus
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
)
fBus
tRTI
dc
—
20
1300
—
MHz
μs
Real-time interrupt internal oscillator period
External reset pulse width1
700
textrst
1.5 x
ns
fSelf_reset
Reset low drive2
trstdrv
34 x
—
ns
fSelf_reset
Active background debug mode latch setup time
Active background debug mode latch hold time
IRQ pulse width3
tMSSU
tMSH
tILIH
25
25
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
1.5 x tcyc
Port rise and fall time (load = 50 pF)4
Slew rate control disabled
tRise, tFall
—
—
3
30
Slew rate control enabled
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
58
Freescale Semiconductor
1
2
3
4
This is the shortest pulse that is guaranteed to be recognized as a reset pin request. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to
override reset requests from internal sources.
When any reset is initiated, internal circuitry drives the reset pin low for about 34 cycles of fSelf_reset and then samples the
level on the reset pin about 38 cycles later to distinguish external reset requests from internal requests.
This is the minimum pulse width that is guaranteed to pass through the pin synchronization circuitry. Shorter pulses may or
may not be recognized. In stop mode, the synchronizer is bypassed so shorter pulses can be recognized in that case.
Timing is shown with respect to 20% VDD and 80% VDD levels. Temperature range –40°C to 85°C.
t
extrst
RESET PIN
Figure 28. Control Reset Timing
BKGD/MS
RESET
t
MSH
t
MSSU
Figure 29. Control Active Background Debug Mode Latch Timing
t
ILIH
IRQ
Figure 30. Control IRQ Timing
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
59
6.4.2
MCU Timer/PWM (TPM) Module Timing
Synchronizer circuits determine the shortest input pulses that can be recognized or the fastest clock that
can be used as the optional external source to the timer counter. These synchronizers operate from the
current bus rate clock.
Table 19. TPM Input Timing
Function
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
External clock frequency
External clock period
fTPMext
tTPMext
tclkh
dc
4
fBus/4
—
MHz
tcyc
tcyc
tcyc
tcyc
External clock high time
External clock low time
Input capture pulse width
1.5
1.5
1.5
—
tclkl
—
tICPW
—
tText
tclkh
TPMxCHn
tclkl
Figure 31. Timer External Clock
tICPW
TPMxCHn
TPMxCHn
tICPW
Figure 32. Timer Input Capture Pulse
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
60
Freescale Semiconductor
6.4.3
System SPI Timing
Table 20 describes the timing requirements for the SPI system.
Table 20. SPI Timing
No.
Function
Operating frequency
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
fop
Hz
Master
fBus/2048
fBus/2 = 8 MHz
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SCK period
Master
tSCK
tLead
tLag
tWSCK
tSU
2
1/2
1/2
62.5
15
0
2048
tcyc
tSCK
tSCK
ns
Enable lead time
Master
—
—
Enable lag time
Master
Clock (SCK) high or low time
Master
1024 tcyc
—
Data setup time (inputs)
Master
ns
Data hold time (inputs)
Master
tHI
—
ns
Data valid (after SCK edge)
Master
tv
—
25
ns
Data hold time (outputs)
Master
tHO
0
—
ns
Rise time
Input
Output
tRI
tRO
—
—
tcyc – 25
25
ns
ns
10
Fall time
Input
tFI
tFO
—
—
tcyc – 25
25
ns
ns
Output
1
SS
(OUTPUT)
1
3
9
SCK
(CPOL = 0)
4
(OUTPUT)
4
10
SCK
(CPOL = 1)
(OUTPUT)
5
6
MISO
(INPUT)
2
BIT 6 . . . 1
MSB IN
LSB IN
2
7
8
MOSI
(OUTPUT)
2
BIT 6 . . . 1
LSB OUT
MSB OUT
Figure 33. SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 0)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
61
6.4.4
FLASH Specifications
This section provides details about program/erase times and program-erase endurance for the FLASH
memory. Program and erase operations do not require any special power sources other than the normal
V
supply.
DD
Table 21. FLASH Characteristics
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
Supply voltage for program/erase
Vprog/erase
VRead
2.1
3.6
V
V
Supply voltage for read operation
0 < fBus < 8 MHz
0 < fBus < 20 MHz
1.8
2.08
3.6
3.6
Internal FCLK frequency1
Internal FCLK period (1/FCLK)
Byte program time (random location)(2)
Byte program time (burst mode)(2)
Page erase time2
fFCLK
tFcyc
tprog
150
5
200
kHz
μs
6.67
9
4
tFcyc
tFcyc
tFcyc
tFcyc
cycles
tBurst
tPage
tMass
4000
20,000
Mass erase time(2)
Program/erase endurance3
TL to TH = –40°C to + 85°C
T = 25°C
10,000
15
—
—
100,000
100
Data retention4
tD_ret
—
years
1
The frequency of this clock is controlled by a software setting.
2
3
These values are hardware state machine controlled. User code does not need to count cycles. This information supplied
for calculating approximate time to program and erase.
Typical endurance for FLASH was evaluated for this product family on the 9S12Dx64. For additional information on how
Freescale Semiconductor defines typical endurance, please refer to Engineering Bulletin EB619/D, Typical Endurance for
Nonvolatile Memory.
4
Typical data retention values are based on intrinsic capability of the technology measured at high temperature and de-rated
to 25°C using the Arrhenius equation. For additional information on how Freescale Semiconductor defines typical data
retention, please refer to Engineering Bulletin EB618/D, Typical Data Retention for Non-volatile Memory.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
62
Freescale Semiconductor
7 Application Considerations
The following sections describe crystal requirements and RF port options for end user applications.
7.1
Crystal Oscillator Reference Frequency
The 802.15.4 Standard requires that several frequency tolerances be kept within ± 40 ppm accuracy. This
means that a total offset up to 80 ppm between transmitter and receiver will still result in acceptable
performance. The MC1321x transceiver provides onboard crystal trim capacitors to assist in meeting this
performance. The primary determining factor in meeting the 802.15.4 Standard, is the tolerance of the
crystal oscillator reference frequency. A number of factors can contribute to this tolerance and a crystal
specification will quantify each of them:
1. The initial (or make) tolerance of the crystal resonant frequency itself.
2. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with temperature.
3. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with time, also commonly known as aging.
4. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with load capacitance, also commonly known as
pulling. This is affected by:
a) The external load capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature.
b) The internal trim capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature.
c) Stray capacitance on the crystal pin nodes - including stray on-chip capacitance, stray package
capacitance and stray board capacitance; and its initial tolerance and variation with
temperature.
5. Whether or not a frequency trim step will be performed in production
7.1.1
Crystal Oscillator Design Considerations
Freescale requires that a 16 MHz crystal with a <9 pF load capacitance is used. The MC1321x does not
contain a reference divider, so 16 MHz is the only frequency that can be used. A crystal requiring higher
load capacitance is prohibited because a higher load on the amplifier circuit may compromise its
performance. The crystal manufacturer defines the load capacitance as that total external capacitance seen
across the two terminals of the crystal. The oscillator amplifier configuration used in the MC1321x
requires two balanced load capacitors from each terminal of the crystal to ground. As such, the capacitors
are seen to be in series by the crystal, so each must be <18 pF for proper loading.
In the Figure 34 crystal reference schematic, the external load capacitors are shown as 6.8 pF each, used
in conjunction with a crystal that requires an 8 pF load capacitance. The default internal trim capacitor
value (2.4 pF) and stray capacitance total value (6.8 pF) sum up to 9.2 pF giving a total of 16 pF. The value
for the stray capacitance was determined empirically assuming the default internal trim capacitor value and
for a specific board layout. A different board layout may require a different external load capacitor value.
The on-chip trim capability may be used to determine the closest standard value by adjusting the trim value
via the SPI and observing the frequency at CLKO. Each internal trim load capacitor has a trim range of
approximately 5 pF in 20 fF steps.
Initial tolerance for the internal trim capacitance is approximately ±15%.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
63
Since the MC1321x contains an on-chip reference frequency trim capability, it is possible to trim out
virtually all of the initial tolerance factors and put the frequency within 0.12 ppm on a board-by-board
basis. Individual trimming of each board in a production environment allows use of the lowest cost crystal,
but requires that each board go through a trimming procedure. This step can be avoided by
using/specifying a crystal with a tighter stability tolerance, but the crystal will be slightly higher in cost.
A tolerance analysis budget may be created using all the previously stated factors. It is an engineering
judgment whether the worst case tolerance will assume that all factors will vary in the same direction or if
the various factors can be statistically rationalized using RSS (Root-Sum-Square) analysis. The aging
factor is usually specified in ppm/year and the product designer can determine how many years are to be
assumed for the product lifetime. Taking all of the factors into account, the product designer can determine
the needed specifications for the crystal and external load capacitors to meet the 802.15.4 Standard.
U3
27
XTAL1
Y1
16MHz
C10
6.8pF
28
XTAL2
MC1321x
C11
6.8pF
Y1 = Daishinku KDS - DSX321G ZD00882
Figure 34. MC1321x Modem Crystal Circuit
7.1.2
Crystal Requirements
The suggested crystal specification for the MC1321x is shown in Table 22. A number of the stated
parameters are related to desired package, desired temperature range and use of crystal capacitive load
trimming. For more design details and suggested crystals, see application note AN3251, Reference
Oscillator Crystal Requirements for MC1319x, MC1320x, and MC1321x.
1
Table 22. MC1321x Crystal Specifications
Parameter
Value
Unit
Condition
Frequency
16.000000
± 10
MHz
ppm
ppm
ppm
Ω
Frequency tolerance (cut tolerance)2
Frequency stability (temperature drift)3
Aging4
at 25 °C
± 15
Over desired temperature range
± 2
max
max
Equivalent series resistance5
Load capacitance6
43
5 - 9
pF
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
64
Freescale Semiconductor
1
Table 22. MC1321x Crystal Specifications (continued)
Parameter
Value
Unit
Condition
Shunt capacitance
Mode of oscillation
<2
pF
max
fundamental
1
2
3
4
5
6
User must be sure manufacturer specifications apply to the desired package.
A wider frequency tolerance may acceptable if application uses trimming at production final test.
A wider frequency stability may be acceptable if application uses trimming at production final test.
A wider aging tolerance may be acceptable if application uses trimming at production final test.
Higher ESR may be acceptable with lower load capacitance.
Lower load capacitance can allow higher ESR and is better for low temperature operation in Doze mode.
7.2
Low Power Considerations
•
Program and use the modem IO pins properly for low power operation
— All unused modem GPIOx signals must be used one of 2 ways:
– If the Off mode is to be used as a long term low power mode, unused GPIO should be tied
to ground. The default GPIO mode is an input and there will be no conflict.
– If only Hibernate and/or Doze modes are used as long term low power modes, the GPIO
should programmed as outputs in the low state.
— When modem GPIO are used as outputs:
– Pullup resistors should be provided (can be provided by the MCU IO pin if tied to the MCU)
if the modem Off condition is to be used as a long term low power mode.
– During Hibernate and/or Doze modes, the GPIO will retain its programmed output state.
— If the modem GPIO is used as an input, the GPIO should be driven by its source during all low
power modes or a pullup resistor should be provided.
— Digital outputs IRQ, MISO, and CLKO:
– MISO - is always an output. During Hibernate, Doze, and active modes, the default
condition is for the MISO output to go to tristate when CE is de-asserted, and this can cause
a problem with the MCU because one of its inputs can float. Program Control_B Register
07, Bit 11, miso_hiz_en = 0 so that MISO is driven low when CE is de-asserted. As a result,
MISO will not float when Doze or Hibernate Mode is enabled.
– IRQ - is an open drain output (OD) and should always have a pullup resistor (typically
provided by the MCU IO). IRQ acts as the interrupt request output.
NOTE
It is good practice to have the IRQ interrupt input to the MCU disabled
during the hardware reset to the modem. After releasing the modem
hardware reset, the interrupt request input to the MCU can then be enabled
to await the IRQ that signifies the modem is ready and in Idle mode; this can
prevent a possible extraneous false interrupt request.
– CLKO - is always an output. During Hibernate CLKO retains its output state, but does not
toggle. During Doze, CLKO may toggle depending on whether it is being used.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
65
•
When the MCU is used in low power modes, be sure that all unused IO are programmed properly
for low power operation (typically best case is as outputs in the low state). The MC1321x is
commonly used with the Freescale MC9S08GT/GB 8-bit devices. For these MCUs:
— Use only STOP2 and STOP3 modes (not STOP1) with these devices where the GPIO states are
retained. The MCU must retain control of the MC1321x IO during low power operation.
— As stated above all unused GPIO should be programmed as outputs low for lowest power and
no floating inputs.
— The MCU has IO signals that are not pinned-out on the package. These signals must also be
initialized (even though they cannot be used) to prevent floating inputs.
7.3
RF Single Port Application with an F Antenna
Figure 35 shows a typical single port RF application topology in which part count is minimized and a
printed copper F antenna is used for low cost. Only the RFIN port of the MC1321x is required because the
differential port is bi-directional and uses the on-chip T/R switch. Matching to near 50 Ohms is
accomplished with L1, L2, L3, and the traces on the PCB. A balun transforms the differential signal to
single-ended to interface with the F antenna.
The proper DC bias to the RFIN_x (PAO_x) pins is provided through the balun. The CT_Bias pin provides
the proper bias voltage point to the balun depending on operation, that is, CT_Bias is at VDDA voltage for
transmit and is at ground for receive. CT_Bias is switched between these two voltages based on the
operation. Capacitor C2 provides some high frequency bypass to the dc bias point. The L3/C1 network
provides a simple bandpass filter to limit out-of-band harmonics from the transmitter.
NOTE
Passive component values can vary as a function of circuit board layout as
required to obtain best matching and RF performance.
U1
44
L1
GPIO1
39
38
R1
0R
PAO_M
PAO_P
1.5nH
Z1
3
2
4
1
5
6
36
35
34
RFIN_P
RFIN_M
CT_Bias
L2
3.9nH
R2
0R
L4
L3
C1
Not Mounted
ANT1
F_Antenna
LDB212G4005C-001
3. 9nH
1.0pF
MC1321x
1.5nH
C2
10pF
2
3
4
5
J1
SMA_edge_Recept acle_Female
Figure 35. RF Single Port Application with an F-Antenna
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
66
Freescale Semiconductor
7.4
RF Dual Port Application with an F-Antenna
Figure 36 shows a typical dual port application topology which also uses a printed copper F antenna. Both
the RFIN and PAO ports are used and the internal T/R switch is bypassed. Matching is provided for both
differential ports by L5, L6, L7, and L9 and C4 and C7. A balun is used for both receive and transmit paths
which are provided by the external T/R switch, IC1. This implementation, while more complicated, gives
better performance due to the reduced loss of the external T/R switch and the more optimum match
provided to the PAO and RFIN ports.
The switch control is connected to the CT_Bias pin which serves as its control signal. The CT_Bias signal
can be programmed to be active high or active low (depending on TX versus RX) and will switch
appropriately based on the radio operation. No interaction with the MCU on an operation-by-operation
basis is required.
NOTE
Passive component values can vary as a function of circuit board layout as
required to obtain best matching and RF performance.
The VDD voltage to the antenna switch is connected to GPIO1. This is a useful feature when GPIO1 is
programmed as an “Out of Idle” status indicator. When the radio is out of Idle (or active), the antenna
switch is powered. In this manner, the antenna switch only consumes current when it needs to be active.
The GPIO1 can only be used as a VDD source for a very low current load.
VDDA
L5
4.7nH
Z2
C3
3
2
4
1
5
6
C4
1.0pF
10pF
U2
GPIO1
44
L6
IC1
LDB212G4005C-001
3
1
6
5
4
R3
0R
OUT2 VDD
OUT1
39
38
4.7nH
C5
PAO_M
PAO_P
IN
C6
10pF
2
GND
VCONT
36
35
34
10pF
RFIN_P
RFIN_M
CT_Bias
L7
µPG2012TK-E2
3.3nH
Z3
C8
L8
C9
R4
ANT2
3
1
2.2nH
1.8pF
0R
F_Antenna
Not Mounted
MC1321x
C7
1.8pF
2
4
5
10pF
6
L9
LDB212G4005C-001
3.3nH
2
3
4
5
J2
SMA_edge_Receptacle_Female
Figure 36. RF Dual Port Application with an F-Antenna
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
67
8 Mechanical Diagrams
Figure 37 and Figure 38 show the MC1321x mechanical information.
Figure 37. MC1321x Mechanical (1 of 2)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
68
Freescale Semiconductor
Figure 38. MC1321x Mechanical (2 of 2)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.8
Freescale Semiconductor
69
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Document Number: MC1321x
Rev. 1.8
08/2009
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