MPC961PAC [NXP]

961 SERIES, PLL BASED CLOCK DRIVER, 17 TRUE OUTPUT(S), 0 INVERTED OUTPUT(S), PQFP32, PLASTIC, LQFP-32;
MPC961PAC
型号: MPC961PAC
厂家: NXP    NXP
描述:

961 SERIES, PLL BASED CLOCK DRIVER, 17 TRUE OUTPUT(S), 0 INVERTED OUTPUT(S), PQFP32, PLASTIC, LQFP-32

驱动 输出元件 逻辑集成电路
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.  
TECHNICAL DATA  
Order number: MPC961P  
Rev 3, 08/2004  
Low Voltage Zero Delay Buffer  
The MPC961 is a 2.5 V or 3.3 V compatible, 1:18 PLL based zero delay  
buffer. With output frequencies of up to 200 MHz, output skews of 150 ps the  
device meets the needs of the most demanding clock tree applications.  
MPC961P  
LOW VOLTAGE  
ZERO DELAY BUFFER  
Features  
Fully Integrated PLL  
Up to 200 MHz I/O Frequency  
LVCMOS Outputs  
Outputs Disable in High Impedance  
LVPECL Reference Clock Options  
LQFP Packaging  
FA SUFFIX  
32-LEAD LQFP PACKAGE  
CASE 873A-03  
32-lead Pb-free Package Available  
±50 ps Cycle-Cycle Jitter  
150 ps Output Skews  
Functional Description  
The MPC961 is offered with two different input configurations. The  
MPC961P offers an LVCMOS reference clock while the MPC961P offers an  
LVPECL reference clock.  
When pulled high the OE pin will force all of the outputs (except QFB) into a high impedance state. Because the OE pin does not  
affect the QFB output, down stream clocks can be disabled without the internal PLL losing lock.  
The MPC961 is fully 2.5 V or 3.3 V compatible and requires no external loop filter components. All control inputs accept LVCMOS  
compatible levels and the outputs provide low impedance LVCMOS outputs capable of driving terminated 50 transmission lines.  
For series terminated lines the MPC961 can drive two lines per output giving the device an effective fanout of 1:36. The device is  
packaged in a 32 lead LQFP package to provide the optimum combination of board density and performance.  
VCC  
Q0  
50 k  
Q1  
PCLK  
PCLK  
PLL  
Ref  
100 – 200 MHz  
Q2  
Q3  
0
1
50 k  
50 k  
50 k  
50 – 100 MHz  
FB_IN  
F_RANGE  
OE  
FB  
Q14  
Q15  
Q16  
50 k  
50 k  
QFB  
The MPC961P requires an external RC filter for the analog power supply pin VCCA. Refer to APPLICATIONS INFORMATION for details.  
Figure 1. MPC961P Logic Diagram  
492  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
MPC961P  
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
16  
15  
14  
13  
12  
11  
10  
9
VCC  
Q12  
Q13  
Q14  
GND  
Q15  
Q5  
Q4  
Q3  
GND  
Q2  
MPC961P  
Q1  
Q0  
Q16  
QFB  
VCC  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Figure 2. 32-Lead Pinout (Top View)  
Table 1. Pin Configurations  
Number  
PCLK, PCLK  
FB_IN  
Name  
Type  
LVCMOS  
Description  
Input  
PLL reference clock signal  
Input  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
Ground  
PLL feedback signal input, connect to a QFB output  
PLL frequency range select  
F_RANGE  
OE  
Input  
Input  
Output enable/disable  
Q0 – Q16  
QFB  
Output  
Output  
Clock outputs  
PLL feedback signal output, connect to a FB_IN  
Negative power supply  
GND  
Supply  
Supply  
VCCA  
VCC  
PLL positive power supply (analog power supply). The MPC961P requires an  
external RC filter for the analog power supply pin VCCA. Please see applications  
section for details.  
VCC  
Supply  
VCC  
Positive power supply for I/O and core  
Table 2. Function Table  
Control  
Default  
0
1
F_RANGE  
0
PLL high frequency range. MPC961P input reference and  
output clock frequency range is 100 – 200 MHz  
PLL low frequency range. MPC961P input reference and  
output clock frequency range is 50 – 100 MHz  
OE  
0
Outputs enabled  
Outputs disabled (high-impedance state)  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
493  
MPC961P  
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings1  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Min  
Max  
Unit  
Condition  
VCC  
Supply Voltage  
–0.3  
3.6  
V
VIN  
VOUT  
IIN  
DC Input Voltage  
DC Output Voltage  
DC Input Current  
DC Output Current  
Storage Temperature  
–0.3  
–0.3  
VCC + 0.3  
VCC + 0.3  
±20  
V
V
mA  
mA  
°C  
IOUT  
TS  
±50  
–40  
125  
1. Absolute maximum continuous ratings are those maximum values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to these conditions  
or conditions beyond those indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation under absolute-maximum-rated conditions is not  
implied.  
Table 4. DC Characteristics (VCC = 3.3 V ± 5%, TA = –40° to 85°C)  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Input HIGH Voltage  
Min  
2.0  
Typ  
Max  
VCC + 0.3  
Unit  
V
Condition  
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
VIH  
VIL  
VPP  
Input LOW Voltage  
–0.3  
500  
1.2  
0.8  
1000  
V
Peak-to-peak input voltage1 PECL_CLK, PECL_CLK  
mV LVPECL  
Common Mode Range2  
PECL_CLK, PECL_CLK  
VCMR  
VOH  
VCC – 0.8  
V
V
LVPECL  
IOH = –20 mA2  
IOL = 20 mA2  
Output HIGH Voltage  
2.4  
VOL  
Output LOW Voltage  
0.55  
V
ZOUT  
IIN  
Output Impedance  
14  
20  
Input Current  
±120  
µA  
pF  
CIN  
Input Capacitance  
4.0  
8.0  
2.0  
CPD  
ICCA  
ICC  
Power Dissipation Capacitance  
Maximum PLL Supply Current  
10  
pF Per Output  
mA VCCA Pin  
mA All VCC Pins  
V
5.0  
Maximum Quiescent Supply Current  
Output Termination Voltage  
VTT  
VCC ÷ 2  
1. Exceeding the specified VCMR/VPP window results in a tPD changes of approximately 250 ps.  
2. The MPC961P is capable of driving 50 transmission lines on the incident edge. Each output drives one 50 parallel terminated transmission  
line to a termination voltage of VTT. Alternatively, the device drives up two 50 series terminated transmission lines.  
Table 5. AC Characteristics (VCC = 3.3 V ± 5%, TA = –40° to 85°C)1  
Symbol  
fREF  
Characteristics  
Input Frequency  
Min  
100  
50  
100  
50  
Typ  
Max  
200  
100  
200  
100  
75  
Unit  
MHz  
Condition  
F_RANGE = 0  
F_RANGE = 1  
fMAX  
Maximum Output Frequency F_RANGE = 0  
F_RANGE = 1  
Reference Input Duty Cycle  
MHz  
fREFDC  
t()  
25  
%
Propagation Delay2  
(static phase offset)  
PECL_CLK to FB_IN  
–80  
120  
ps PLL locked  
Output-to-Output Skew3  
Output Duty Cycle  
tsk(O)  
DCO  
90  
150  
ps  
%
F_RANGE = 0  
F_RANGE = 1  
40  
45  
50  
50  
60  
55  
tr, tf  
Output Rise/Fall Time  
Output Disable Time  
Output Enable Time  
0.1  
1.0  
ns 0.6 to 1.8V  
tPLZ HZ  
tPZL LZ  
tJIT(CC)  
,
10  
10  
15  
10  
ns  
,
ns  
Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter  
RMS (1σ)4  
RMS (1σ)  
ps  
tJIT(PER) Period Jitter  
7.0  
ps  
tJIT() I/O Phase Jitter  
RMS (1σ) F_RANGE = 0  
ns T = Clock Signal Period  
0.0015 · T  
0.0010 · T  
10  
F_RANGE = 1  
tlock  
1. AC characteristics apply for parallel output termination of 50 to VTT  
2. PD applies for VCMR = VCC –1.3 V and VPP = 800 mV.  
3. Refer to APPLICATIONS INFORMATION for part-to-part skew calculation.  
4. Refer to APPLICATIONS INFORMATION for calculation for other confidence factors than 1σ.  
Maximum PLL Lock Time  
ms  
.
t
494  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
MPC961P  
Table 6. DC Characteristics (VCC = 2.5 V ± 5%, TA = –40° to 85°C)  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Condition  
VIH  
Input HIGH Voltage  
Input LOW Voltage  
1.7  
VCC + 0.3  
V
LVCMOS  
LVCMOS  
VIL  
VPP  
–0.3  
500  
1.2  
0.7  
1000  
V
Peak-to-peak input voltage1 PECL_CLK, PECL_CLK  
mV LVPECL  
Common Mode Rangea  
Output HIGH Voltage  
PECL_CLK, PECL_CLK  
VCMR  
VOH  
VCC – 0.7  
V
V
LVPECL  
IOH = –15 mA2  
IOL = 15 mAb  
1.8  
VOL  
Output LOW Voltage  
0.6  
V
ZOUT  
IIN  
Output Impedance  
18  
26  
Input Current  
±120  
µA  
pF  
CIN  
Input Capacitance  
4.0  
8.0  
2.0  
CPD  
ICCA  
ICC  
Power Dissipation Capacitance  
Maximum PLL Supply Current  
10  
pF Per Output  
mA VCCA Pin  
mA All VCC Pins  
V
5.0  
Maximum Quiescent Supply Current  
Output Termination Voltage  
VTT  
VCC ÷ 2  
1. Exceeding the specified VCMR/VPP window results in a tPD changes < 250 ps.  
2. The MPC961P is capable of driving 50 transmission lines on the incident edge. Each output drives one 50 parallel terminated transmission  
line to a termination voltage of VTT. Alternatively, the device drives up two 50 series terminated transmission lines.  
Table 7. AC Characteristics (VCC = 2.5 V ± 5%, TA = –40° to 85°C)1  
Symbol  
Characteristics  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Condition  
fREF  
Input Frequency  
F_RANGE = 0  
F_RANGE = 1  
100  
50  
200  
100  
MHz  
fMAX  
Maximum Output Frequency  
F_RANGE = 0  
F_RANGE = 1  
100  
50  
200  
100  
MHz  
fREFDC  
t()  
Reference Input Duty Cycle  
25  
75  
%
Propagation Delay2  
(static phase offset)  
CCLK to FB_IN  
–50  
175  
ps  
PLL locked  
Output-to-Output Skew3  
Output Duty Cycle  
tsk(O)  
DCO  
90  
150  
ps  
%
F_RANGE = 0  
F_RANGE = 1  
40  
45  
50  
50  
60  
55  
tr, tf  
Output Rise/Fall Time  
Output Disable Time  
Output Enable Time  
0.1  
1.0  
10  
10  
15  
10  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ps  
ps  
ns  
0.6 to 1.8 V  
tPLZ HZ  
tPZL LZ  
tJIT(CC)  
,
,
Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter  
RMS (1σ)4  
RMS (1σ)  
tJIT(PER) Period Jitter  
7.0  
tJIT()  
I/O Phase Jitter  
RMS (1σ) F_RANGE = 0  
T = Clock Signal  
Period  
0.0015 · T  
0.0010 · T  
F_RANGE = 1  
tlock  
Maximum PLL Lock Time  
10  
ms  
1. AC characteristics apply for parallel output termination of 50 to VTT  
2. PD applies for VCMR = VCC –1.3 V and VPP = 800 mV.  
3. Refer to APPLICATIONS INFORMATION for part-to-part skew calculation.  
.
t
4. Refer to APPLICATIONS INFORMATION for calculation for other confidence factors than 1σ.  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
495  
MPC961P  
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION  
schemes discussed in this section should be adequate to  
Power Supply Filtering  
eliminate power supply noise related problems in most designs.  
The MPC961P is a mixed analog/digital product and as such  
it exhibits some sensitivities that would not necessarily be seen  
on a fully digital product. Analog circuitry is naturally susceptible  
to random noise, especially if this noise is seen on the power  
supply pins. The MPC961P provides separate power supplies  
Driving Transmission Lines  
The MPC961P clock driver was designed to drive high speed  
signals in a terminated transmission line environment. To  
provide the optimum flexibility to the user the output drivers  
were designed to exhibit the lowest impedance possible. With  
an output impedance of less than 15 the drivers can drive  
either parallel or series terminated transmission lines. For more  
information on transmission lines the reader is referred to  
application note AN1091.  
In most high performance clock networks point-to-point  
distribution of signals is the method of choice. In a point-to-point  
scheme either series terminated or parallel terminated  
transmission lines can be used. The parallel technique  
terminates the signal at the end of the line with a 50 Ω  
resistance to VCC/2. This technique draws a fairly high level of  
DC current and thus only a single terminated line can be driven  
by each output of the MPC961P clock driver. For the series  
terminated case however there is no DC current draw, thus the  
outputs can drive multiple series terminated lines. Figure 4  
illustrates an output driving a single series terminated line vs  
two series terminated lines in parallel. When taken to its  
extreme the fanout of the MPC961P clock driver is effectively  
doubled due to its capability to drive multiple lines.  
for the output buffers (VCC) and the phase-locked loop (VCCA  
)
of the device. The purpose of this design technique is to isolate  
the high switching noise digital outputs from the relatively  
sensitive internal analog phase-locked loop. In a controlled  
environment such as an evaluation board this level of isolation  
is sufficient. However, in a digital system environment where it  
is more difficult to minimize noise on the power supplies, a  
second level of isolation may be required. The simplest form of  
isolation is a power supply filter on the VCCA pin for the  
MPC961P.  
Figure 3 illustrates a typical power supply filter scheme. The  
MPC961P is most susceptible to noise with spectral content in  
the 10 kHz to 5 MHz range. Therefore the filter should be  
designed to target this range. The key parameter that needs to  
be met in the final filter design is the DC voltage drop that will  
be seen between the VCC supply and the VCCA pin of the  
MPC961P. From the data sheet the ICCA current (the current  
sourced through the VCCA pin) is typically 2 mA  
(5 mA maximum), assuming that a minimum of 2.375 V (VCC  
=
3.3 V or VCC = 2.5 V) must be maintained on the VCCA pin. The  
resistor RF shown in Figure 3 must have a resistance of 270 Ω  
(VCC = 3.3 V) or 5 to 15 (VCC = 2.5 V) to meet the voltage  
drop criteria. The RC filter pictured will provide a broadband  
filter with approximately 100:1 attenuation for noise whose  
spectral content is above 20 kHz. As the noise frequency  
crosses the series resonant point of an individual capacitor it's  
overall impedance begins to look inductive and thus increases  
with increasing frequency. The parallel capacitor combination  
shown ensures that a low impedance path to ground exists for  
frequencies well above the bandwidth of the PLL.  
MPC961  
OUTPUT  
BUFFER  
Z
O = 50 Ω  
RS = 36 Ω  
14 Ω  
OutA  
IN  
IN  
MPC961  
OUTPUT  
BUFFER  
Z
O = 50 Ω  
O = 50 Ω  
RS = 36 Ω  
RS = 36 Ω  
RF = 270 for VCC = 3.3 V  
RF = 5–15 for VCC = 2.5 V  
OutB0  
OutB1  
14 Ω  
RF  
VCCA  
VCC  
Z
CF  
10 nF  
MPC961P  
VCC  
Figure 4. Single versus Dual Transmission Lines  
33...100 nF  
The waveform plots of Figure 5 show the simulation results  
of an output driving a single line vs two lines. In both cases the  
drive capability of the MPC961P output buffer is more than  
sufficient to drive 50 transmission lines on the incident edge.  
Note from the delay measurements in the simulations a delta of  
only 43 ps exists between the two differently loaded outputs.  
This suggests that the dual line driving need not be used  
exclusively to maintain the tight output-to-output skew of the  
MPC961P. The output waveform in Figure 5 shows a step in the  
waveform, this step is caused by the impedance mismatch seen  
Figure 3. Power Supply Filter  
Although the MPC961P has several design features to  
minimize the susceptibility to power supply noise (isolated  
power and grounds and fully differential PLL) there still may be  
applications in which overall performance is being degraded  
due to system power supply noise. The power supply filter  
496  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
 
MPC961P  
looking into the driver. The parallel combination of the 36 Ω  
series resistor plus the output impedance does not match the  
parallel combination of the line impedances. The voltage wave  
launched down the two lines will equal:  
SPICE level and IBIS output buffer models are available for  
engineers who want to simulate their specific interconnect  
schemes.  
Using the MPC961P in Zero-Delay Applications  
VL = VS (ZO / (RS + RO +ZO))  
Nested clock trees are typical applications for the MPC961P.  
Designs using the MPC961P as LVCMOS PLL fanout buffer  
with zero insertion delay will show significantly lower clock skew  
than clock distributions developed from CMOS fanout buffers.  
The external feedback option of the MPC961P clock driver  
allows for its use as a zero delay buffer. By using the QFB  
output as a feedback to the PLL the propagation delay through  
the device is virtually eliminated. The PLL aligns the feedback  
clock output edge with the clock input reference edge resulting  
a near zero delay through the device. The maximum insertion  
delay of the device in zero-delay applications is measured  
between the reference clock input and any output. This effective  
delay consists of the static phase offset, I/O jitter (phase or  
long-term jitter), feedback path delay and the output-to-output  
skew error relative to the feedback output.  
ZO = 50 || 50 Ω  
RS = 36 || 36 Ω  
RO = 14 Ω  
VL = 3.0 (25 / (18 + 14 + 25) = 3.0 (25 / 57)  
= 1.31 V  
At the load end the voltage will double, due to the near unity  
reflection coefficient, to 2.62 V. It will then increment towards  
the quiescent 3.0 V in steps separated by one round trip delay  
(in this case 4.0ns).  
3.0  
OutA  
OutB  
D = 3.9386  
2.5  
2.0  
1.5  
1.0  
0.5  
0
tD = 3.8956  
t
Calculation of Part-to-Part Skew  
In  
The MPC961P zero delay buffer supports applications where  
critical clock signal timing can be maintained across several  
devices. If the reference clock inputs of two or more MPC961P  
are connected together, the maximum overall timing uncertainty  
from the common PCLK input to any output is:  
tSK(PP) = t() + tSK(O) + tPD, LINE(FB) + tJIT() · CF  
This maximum timing uncertainty consist of 4 components:  
static phase offset, output skew, feedback board trace delay  
and I/O (phase) jitter:  
2
4
6
8
10  
12  
14  
TIME (ns)  
TCLKCommon  
tPD,LINE(FB)  
Figure 5. Single versus Dual Waveforms  
—t(ý)  
Since this step is well above the threshold region it will not  
cause any false clock triggering, however designers may be  
uncomfortable with unwanted reflections on the line. To better  
match the impedances when driving multiple lines the situation  
in Figure 6 should be used. In this case the series terminating  
resistors are reduced such that when the parallel combination  
is added to the output buffer impedance the line impedance is  
perfectly matched.  
QFBDevice 1  
tJIT()  
Any QDevice 1  
+tSK(O)  
+t()  
QFBDevice2  
MPC961  
OUTPUT  
BUFFER  
tJIT()  
Z
O = 50 Ω  
RS = 22 Ω  
RS = 22 Ω  
Any QDevice 2  
Max. skew  
+tSK(O)  
14 Ω  
Z
O = 50 Ω  
tSK(PP)  
Figure 7. MPC961P Max. Device-to-Device Skew  
Due statistical nature of I/O jitter a rms value (1σ) is  
specified. I/O jitter numbers for other confidence factors (CF)  
can be derived from Table 8.Confidence Factor CF.  
14 + 22 || 22 = 50 || 50 Ω  
25 = 25 Ω  
Figure 6. Optimized Dual Line Termination  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
497  
 
MPC961P  
describes the impact of these parameters on the junction  
temperature and gives a guideline to estimate the MPC961P  
die junction temperature and the associated device reliability.  
For a complete analysis of power consumption as a function of  
operating conditions and associated long term device reliability  
refer to the Application Note AN1545. According the AN1545,  
the long-term device reliability is a function of the die junction  
temperature:  
Table 8. Confidence Factor CF  
CF  
Probability of clock edge within the distribution  
± 1σ  
± 2σ  
± 3σ  
± 4σ  
± 5σ  
± 6σ  
0.68268948  
0.95449988  
0.99730007  
0.99993663  
0.99999943  
0.99999999  
Table 9. Die Junction Temperature and MTBF  
Junction temperature (°C)  
MTBF (Years)  
100  
110  
120  
130  
20.4  
9.1  
4.2  
2.0  
The feedback trace delay is determined by the board layout  
and can be used to fine-tune the effective delay through each  
device. In the following example calculation a I/O jitter  
confidence factor of 99.7% (± 3σ) is assumed, resulting in a  
worst case timing uncertainty from input to any output of  
–236 ps to 361 ps relative to PCLK (f=125 MHz, VCC=2.5 V):  
tSK(PP) = [-50 ps...175ps] + [-150 ps...150 ps] +  
Increased power consumption will increase the die junction  
temperature and impact the device reliability (MTBF).  
According to the system-defined tolerable MTBF, the die  
junction temperature of the MPC961P needs to be controlled  
and the thermal impedance of the board/package should be  
optimized. The power dissipated in the MPC961P is  
represented in equation 1.  
[(12ps @ -3)...(12ps @ 3)] + tPD, LINE(FB)  
tSK(PP) = [-236ps...361ps] + tPD, LINE(FB)  
Due to the frequency dependence of the I/O jitter, Figure 8  
“Max. I/O Jitter versus frequency” can be used for a more  
precise timing performance analysis.  
Where ICCQ is the static current consumption of the  
MPC961P, CPD is the power dissipation capacitance per output,  
(Μ)ΣCL represents the external capacitive output load, N is the  
number of active outputs (N is always 27 in case of the  
MPC961P). The MPC961P supports driving transmission lines  
to maintain high signal integrity and tight timing parameters.  
Any transmission line will hide the lumped capacitive load at the  
end of the board trace, therefore, ΣCL is zero for controlled  
transmission line systems and can be eliminated from  
equation 1. Using parallel termination output termination results  
in equation 2 for power dissipation.  
F_RANGE = 1  
F_RANGE = 0  
18  
16  
14  
12  
10  
8
6
4
V
= 2.5 V  
CC  
V
= 3.3 V  
CC  
V
= 3.3 V  
70  
V
= 2.5 V  
CC  
CC  
2
0
50  
90  
110 130 150 170 190  
Clock frequency [MHz]  
In equation 2, P stands for the number of outputs with a  
parallel or thevenin termination, VOL, IOL, VOH, and IOH are a  
function of the output termination technique and DCQ is the  
clock signal duty cycle. If transmission lines are used ΣCL is  
zero in equation 2 and can be eliminated. In general, the use of  
controlled transmission line techniques eliminates the impact of  
the lumped capacitive loads at the end lines and greatly  
reduces the power dissipation of the device. Equation 3  
describes the die junction temperature TJ as a function of the  
power consumption.  
Figure 8. Max. I/O Jitter versus Frequency  
Power Consumption of the MPC961P  
and Thermal Management  
The MPC961P AC specification is guaranteed for the entire  
operating frequency range up to 200 MHz. The MPC961P  
power consumption and the associated long-term reliability  
may decrease the maximum frequency limit, depending on  
operating conditions such as clock frequency, supply voltage,  
output loading, ambient temperature, vertical convection and  
thermal conductivity of package and board. This section  
Equation 1  
PTOT = [ ICCQ + VCC · fCLOCK · ( N · CPD + Σ CL ) ] · VCC  
M
PTOT = VCC · [ ICCQ + VCC · fCLOCK · ( N · CPD + Σ CL ) ] + Σ [ DCQ · IOH · (VCC – VOH) + (1 – DCQ) · IOL · VOL ]  
Equation 2  
Equation 3  
M
P
TJ = TA + PTOT · Rthja  
Tj,MAX – TA  
1
– (ICCQ · VCC  
)
]
Equation 4  
fCLOCK,MAX  
=
·
[
CPD · N · V2  
Rthja  
CC  
498  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
 
MPC961P  
Where Rthja is the thermal impedance of the package  
(junction to ambient) and TA is the ambient temperature.  
According to Table 9.Die Junction Temperature and MTBF, the  
junction temperature can be used to estimate the long-term  
device reliability. Further, combining equation 1 and equation 2  
results in a maximum operating frequency for the MPC961P in  
a series terminated transmission line system.  
TJ,MAX should be selected according to the MTBF system  
requirements and Table 9.Die Junction Temperature and MTBF.  
Rthja can be derived from Table 10.Thermal Package  
Impedance of the 32ld LQFP. The Rthja represent data based  
on 1S2P boards, using 2S2P boards will result in a lower  
thermal impedance than indicated below.  
If the calculated maximum frequency is below 200 MHz, it  
becomes the upper clock speed limit for the given application  
conditions. The following two derating charts describe the safe  
frequency operation range for the MPC961P. The charts were  
calculated for a maximum tolerable die junction temperature of  
110°C, corresponding to an estimated MTBF of 9.1 years, a  
supply voltage of 3.3 V and series terminated transmission line  
or capacitive loading. Depending on a given set of these  
operating conditions and the available device convection a  
decision on the maximum operating frequency can be made.  
There are no operating frequency limitations if a 2.5 V power  
supply or the system specifications allow for a MTBF of 4 years  
(corresponding to a max. junction temperature of 120°C.  
Table 10. Thermal Package Impedance of the 32ld LQFP  
Rthja (1P2S board), K/W  
Convection, LFPM  
Still air  
80  
70  
61  
57  
56  
55  
100 lfpm  
200 lfpm  
300 lfpm  
400 lfpm  
500 lfpm  
200  
200  
f
MAX (AC)  
fMAX (AC)  
180  
160  
140  
120  
100  
80  
180  
160  
140  
120  
100  
80  
TA = 85°C  
TA = 75°C  
T
A = 85°C  
60  
60  
Safe operation  
Safe operation  
40  
40  
20  
20  
0
500  
0
500  
0
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
400  
300  
200  
100  
IFPM, CONVECTION  
IFPM, CONVECTION  
Figure 9. Maximum MPC961P Frequency, VCC = 3.3 V,  
Figure 10. Maximum MPC961P Frequency,  
VCC = 3.3 V, MTBF 9.1 Years, 4 pF Load per Line  
MTBF 9.1 Years, Driving Series Terminated  
Transmission Lines  
MPC961P DUT  
Pulse  
Generator  
Z = 50 Ω  
ZO = 50 Ω  
ZO = 50 Ω  
RT = 50 Ω  
RT = 50 Ω  
VTT  
VTT  
Figure 11. TCLK MPC961P AC Test Reference for VCC = 3.3 V and VCC = 2.5 V  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  
499  
 
MPC961P  
PCLK  
PCLK  
VPP  
VCMR  
VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 2.5 V  
2.4  
1.8 V  
VCC  
V
CC ÷ 2  
0.55  
0.6 V  
Ext_FB  
GND  
tF  
tR  
t()  
Figure 12. Propagation Delay (t, static phase  
offset) Test Reference  
Figure 13. Output Transition Time Test  
Reference  
VCC  
VCC  
VCC ÷ 2  
V
CC ÷ 2  
GND  
GND  
VCC  
tP  
V
CC ÷ 2  
T0  
GND  
DC = tP/T0 x 100%  
tSK(O)  
The pin-to-pin skew is defined as the worst case difference  
in propagation delay between any similar delay path within a  
single device  
The time from the PLL controlled edge to the non controlled  
edge, divided by the time between PLL controlled edges,  
expressed as a percentage  
Figure 14. Output Duty Cycle (DC)  
Figure 15. Output-to-Output Skew tSK(O)  
TJIT(CC) = |TN–TN+1  
|
TJIT(PER) = |TN–1/f0|  
TN  
TN+1  
T0  
The variation in cycle time of a signal between adjacent cycles,  
over a random sample of adjacent cycle pairs  
The deviation in cycle time of a signal with respect to the ideal  
period over a random sample of cycles  
Figure 16. Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter  
Figure 17. Period Jitter  
PCLK  
PCLK  
Ext_FB  
TJIT() = |T0–T1mean|  
The deviation in t0 for a controlled edge with respect to a T0  
mean in a random sample of cycles  
Figure 18. I/O Jitter  
500  
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA  

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