KLI-8023-SAA-ED-AA [ONSEMI]

Linear CCD Image Sensor;
KLI-8023-SAA-ED-AA
型号: KLI-8023-SAA-ED-AA
厂家: ONSEMI    ONSEMI
描述:

Linear CCD Image Sensor

CD
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KLI-8023  
Linear CCD Image Sensor  
Description  
The KLI−8023 Image Sensor is a multispectral, linear solid state  
image sensor for color scanning applications where ultra-high  
resolution is required.  
www.onsemi.com  
The imager consists of three parallel linear photodiode arrays, each  
with 8,000 active photosites for the output of red, green, and blue  
(R, G, B) signals. This device offers high sensitivity, high data rates,  
low noise and negligible lag. Individual electronic exposure control  
for each color allows the KLI−8023 sensor to be used under a variety  
of illumination conditions. The imager can be operated in an Extended  
Dynamic Range mode for the most demanding applications.  
Table 1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS  
Parameter  
Architecture  
Typical Value  
3 Channel, RGB Trilinear CCD  
8002 × 3  
Figure 1. KLI−8023 Linear CCD  
Image Sensor  
Pixel Count  
Pixel Size  
9 mm (H) × 9 mm (V)  
9 mm  
Features  
Pixel Pitch  
12 Line Spacing between Color Channels  
Single Shift Register per Channel  
High Off-Band Spectral Rejection  
Dark Reference Pixels Provided  
Anti-Reflective Glass  
Wide Dynamic Range, Low Noise  
Dual Dynamic Range Mode Operation  
No Image Lag  
Electronic Exposure Control  
High Charge Transfer Efficiency  
Two-Phase Register Clocking  
74 ACT Logic Compatible Clocks  
6 MHz Maximum Data Rate  
Inter-Array Spacing  
Imager Size  
108 mm (12 Lines Effective)  
72.0 mm (H) × 0.225 mm (V)  
Saturation Signal  
185 ke (Normal DR Mode)  
400 ke (Extended DR Mode)  
Dynamic Range  
(2 MHz Data Rate)  
84 dB (Normal DR Mode)  
90 dB (Extended DR Mode)  
Responsivity  
R, G, B (−RAA)  
R, G, B (−DAA)  
Mono (−AAA, −SAA, −MAA)  
2
32, 20, 20 V/mJ/cm  
2
29, 19, 18 V/mJ/cm  
2
33 V/mJ/cm  
Output Sensitivity  
Dark Current  
14.4 mV/e  
0.002 pA/Pixel  
8°C  
Dark Current Doubling Rate  
Charge Transfer Efficiency  
Photoresponse Non-Uniformity  
Lag (First Field)  
0.999998/Transfer  
3% Peak-Peak  
0.025%  
Applications  
Digitization  
Medical Imaging  
Photography  
Maximum Data Rate  
Package  
6 MHz/Channel  
CERDIP (Sidebrazed, CuW)  
AR Coated, 2 Sides  
Cover Glass  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 2 of  
this data sheet.  
NOTE: Parameters above are specified at T = 25°C (junction temperature)  
and 1 MHz clock rates unless otherwise noted.  
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015  
1
Publication Order Number:  
March, 2017 − Rev. 3  
KLI−8023/D  
KLI−8023  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Table 2. ORDERING INFORMATION − KLI−8023 IMAGE SENSOR  
Part Number  
Description  
Marking Code  
KLI−8023−AAA−ED−AA  
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade  
KLI−8023 (Lot Code)  
(Serial Number)  
KLI−8023−AAA−ED−AE  
KLI−8023−AAA−ER−AA  
KLI−8023−AAA−ER−AE  
KLI−8023−RAA−ED−AA  
KLI−8023−RAA−ED−AE  
KLI−8023−SAA−ED−AA  
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample  
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade  
KLI−8023 (Lot Code)  
(Serial Number)  
Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample  
Gen2 Color (RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade  
KLI−8023 (Lot Code)  
(Serial Number)  
Gen2 Color (RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample  
Monochrome with RB Surround – Gen2, No Microlens, CERDIP Package  
(Leadframe), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard  
Grade  
KLI−8023 (Lot Code)  
(Serial Number)  
KLI−8023−SAA−ED−AE  
KLI−8023−MAA−ED−AA*  
KLI−8023−MAA−ED−AE*  
Monochrome with RB Surround – Gen2, No Microlens, CERDIP Package  
(Leadframe), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering  
Sample  
Monochrome with RB Surround – Gen1, No Microlens, CERDIP Package  
(Leadframe), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard  
Grade  
KLI−8023 (Lot Code)  
(Serial Number)  
Monochrome with RB Surround – Gen1, No Microlens, CERDIP Package  
(Leadframe), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering  
Sample  
KLI−8023−DAA−ED−AA*  
KLI−8023−DAA−ED−AE*  
Gen1 Color (RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade  
KLI−8023 (Lot Code)  
(Serial Number)  
Gen1 Color (RGB), No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Leadframe),  
Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample  
*Not recommended for new designs.  
Table 3. ORDERING INFORMATION − EVALUATION SUPPORT  
Part Number  
Description  
KLI−8023−12−5−A−EVK  
Evaluation Board (Complete Kit)  
See the ON Semiconductor Device Nomenclature document (TND310/D) for a full description of the naming convention  
used for image sensors. For reference documentation, including information on evaluation kits, please visit our web site at  
www.onsemi.com.  
www.onsemi.com  
2
KLI−8023  
DEVICE DESCRIPTION  
LS  
LOGn  
Photodiode Array  
14 Test  
8002 Active Pixels  
16 Dark  
RD  
VDD  
TG2  
IG  
ID  
f R  
6 Blank  
6 Blank  
FD  
CCD Cells  
CCD Cells  
VIDn  
OG  
SUB  
f2B  
VSSn  
Figure 2. Single Channel Schematic  
Dark Reference Pixels  
saturation exposure in this mode increases to 400,000 e  
with a saturation voltage in excess of 5 volts.  
Dark reference pixels are groups of photosensitive pixels  
covered by a metal light shield. These pixels are used as  
a black level reference for the image sensor output. Since the  
incident light is blocked from entering these pixels,  
the signal contained in these pixels is due only to dark  
current. It is assumed that each photosensitive pixel (active  
and dark reference) will have approximately the same dark  
signal; thus, subtracting the average dark reference signal  
from each active pixel signal will remove the background  
dark signal level. Dark reference pixels are typically located  
at one or both ends of the arrays, as shown earlier in this  
document for a linear image sensor in the single channel  
schematic.  
Image Acquisition  
During the integration period, an image is obtained by  
gathering electrons generated by photons incident upon the  
photodiodes. The charge collected in the photodiode array  
is a linear function of the local exposure. The charge is stored  
in the photodiode itself and is isolated from the CCD shift  
registers during the integration period by the transfer gates  
TG1 and TG2, which are held at barrier potentials. At the  
end of the integration period, the CCD register clocking is  
stopped with the f1 and f2 gates being held in a ‘high’ and  
‘low’ state respectively. Next, the TG gates are turned ‘on’  
causing the charge to drain from the photodiode into the TG1  
storage region. As TG1 is turned back ‘off’ charge is  
transferred through TG2 and into the f1 storage region.  
The TG2 gate is then turned ‘off’, isolating the shift registers  
from the accumulation region once again. Complementary  
clocking of the f1 and f2 phases now resumes for readout  
of the current line of data while the next line of data is  
integrated.  
Dynamic Range  
Dynamic Range (DR) is the ratio of the maximum output  
signal, or saturation level, of an image sensor to the dark  
noise level of the imager. The dark noise level, or noise floor  
of an imager is typically expressed as the root mean square  
(rms) variation in dark signal voltage. The dark signal  
includes components from dark current within the photosite  
and CCD regions, reset transistor and output amplifier noise,  
and input clocking noise. An input referred noise signal in  
the charge domain can be calculated by dividing the dark  
noise voltage by the imager charge-to-voltage conversion  
factor. The dynamic range is typically expressed in units of  
Charge Transport  
Readout of the signal charge is accomplished by  
two-phase, complementary clocking of the f1 and f2 gates.  
The register architecture has been designed for high speed  
clocking with minimal transport and output signal  
degradation, while still maintaining low (6.25 Vp-p min)  
clock swings for reduced power dissipation, lower clock  
noise and simpler driver design. The data in all registers is  
clocked simultaneously toward the output structures.  
The signal is then transferred to the output structures in  
a parallel format at the falling edge of the f2 clocks.  
Re-settable floating diffusions are used for the  
charge-to-voltage conversion while source followers  
provide buffering to external connections. The potential  
change on the floating diffusion is dependent on the amount  
decibels as: DR = 20 LOG (N  
/ Noise).  
SAT  
High Dynamic Range Mode (DR)  
Two modes of device operation can be realized,  
the ‘normal mode’ and ‘high dynamic range mode’. In  
‘the normal mode’ of operation, clocking of the output  
structure reset gate (PHIR, pin 12) remains similar to all  
other clocks at 6.25 Vp-p. The usable saturation exposure in  
this mode is approximately 180,000 electrons, yielding  
a saturation voltage of 2.5 volts. In the ‘high dynamic range’  
mode, the reset gate clocking is increased to 12 Vp-pand the  
reset drain bias (RD, pin 29) is increased to the upper  
amplifier supply voltage (VDD, pin 26). The usable  
of signal charge and is given by DV = DQ / C , where  
FD  
FD  
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KLI−8023  
DV is the change in potential of the floating diffusion, DQ  
is the amount of charge deposited on the floating diffusion,  
value occurs at the slowest clocking frequency.  
Additionally, dark current doubles for approximately every  
8°C increase in temperature.  
FD  
and C is the floating diffusion capacitance. Prior to each  
FD  
pixel output, the floating diffusion is returned to the RD level  
by the reset clock, fR.  
Fixed Pattern Noise  
If the output of an image sensor under no illumination is  
viewed at high gain, a distinct non-uniform pattern or fixed  
pattern noise can be seen. This fixed pattern can be removed  
from the video by subtracting the dark value of each pixel  
from the pixel values read out in all subsequent frames. Dark  
fixed pattern noise is usually caused by variations in dark  
current across an imager, but can also be caused by input  
clocking signals abruptly starting or stopping, or by having  
the CCD clocks not being close compliments of each other.  
Mismatched CCD clocks can result in high instantaneous  
substrate currents, which when combined with the fact that  
the silicon substrate has some non-zero resistance, can result  
in the substrate potential bouncing. The pattern noise can  
also be seen when the imager is under uniform illumination.  
An imager that exhibits a fixed pattern noise under uniform  
illumination and shows no pattern in the dark is said to have  
light pattern noise or photosensitivity pattern noise. In  
addition to the reasons mentioned above, light pattern noise  
can be caused by the imager entering saturation,  
the nonuniform clipping effect of the anti-blooming circuit,  
and by non-uniform photosensitive pixel areas often caused  
by debris covering portions of some pixels.  
Charge Transfer Efficiency  
Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) is a measure of how  
efficiently electronic charge can be transported by a Charge  
Coupled Device (CCD). This parameter is especially  
important in linear imager technology due to the fact that  
CCDs are often required to transport charge packets over  
long distances at very high speeds. The result of poor CTE  
is to reduce the overall MTF of the line image in a nonlinear  
fashion: the portion of the line image at the far end of the  
CCD will be degraded more than the image at the output end  
of the CCD, since it will undergo more CCD transfers. There  
are many possible mechanisms that can negatively influence  
the CTE. Amongst these mechanisms are included  
excessive CCD clocking frequency, insufficient drive  
potential on the CCD clocking gates, and incorrect voltage  
bias on the output gate (OG signal). The effect of these  
mechanisms is that some charge is “left behind” during  
a CCD transfer clocking cycle. Depending on the limiting  
mechanism, the lost charge could be added to the immediate  
trailing cell or to a cell further back in time; thus, causing  
a horizontal smearing of the line image.  
The charge lost from a CCD cell, after being transferred  
out of the CCD, is measured with respect to the original  
charge level and is termed the charge transfer inefficiency  
(CTI). CTI is defined as:  
Exposure Control  
Exposure control is implemented by selectively clocking  
the LOG gates during portions of the scanning line time. By  
applying a large enough positive bias to the LOG gate, the  
channel potential is increased to a level beyond the ‘pinning  
level’ of the photodiode. (The ‘pinning’ level is the  
maximum channel potential that the photodiode can achieve  
and is fixed by the doping levels of the structure.) With TG1  
in an ‘off’ state and LOG strongly biased, all of the  
photocurrent will be drawn off to the LS drain. Referring to  
the timing diagrams in Figure 12 and Figure 13, one notes  
that the exposure can be controlled by pulsing the LOG gate  
to a ‘high’ level while TG1 is turning ‘off’ and then  
returning the LOG gate to a ‘low’ bias level sometime during  
Total Charge Lost  
1
CTI + ǒ  
Ǔ@ ǒ  
Ǔ
Initial Charge  
Number of Transfers  
The efficiency of the CCD transfer (CTE) is then defined  
as simply:  
CTE + 1 * CTI  
Note that the total transfer efficiency for the entire line  
(TTE) is equal to (CTE)N, where N is the total number of  
transfers which is equal to the number of phases per cell,  
times the number of cells (n).  
the line scan. The effective exposure (t  
) is the net time  
EXP  
TTE + CTE @ 2 @ 8022  
between the falling edge of the LOG gate and the falling  
edge of the TG1 gate (end of the line). Separate LOG  
connections for each channel are provided, enabling on-chip  
light source and image spectral color balancing. As  
a cautionary note, the switching transients of the LOG gates  
during line readout may inject an artifact at the sensor  
output. Rising edge artifacts can be avoided by switching  
LOG during the photodiode-to-CCD transfer period,  
preferably during the TG1 falling edge. Depending on  
clocking speeds, the falling edge of the LOG should be  
synchronous with the f1/f2 shift register readout clocks.  
For very fast applications, the falling edge of the LOG gate  
may be limited by on-chip RC delays across the array. In this  
case artifacts may extend across one or more pixels.  
Dark Signal Evaluation  
The dark signal evaluation measures the thermally  
generated electronic current (i.e. background noise signal)  
at a specific operating temperature. Dark current is  
measured will all incident radiation removed (i.e. imager is  
in the dark). The current measured by the picoammeter is the  
dark current of the photodiode array plus the dark current of  
the CCD array. Multiplying the dark current by the total  
integration time yields the quantity of dark charge. And  
dividing the dark current by the number of photodiodes  
yields the dark current per photodiode (I  
increases linearly with integration time, the worst-case  
). Dark voltage  
Dark  
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KLI−8023  
Correlated double sampling (CDS) processing of the output  
and may be different from one photosite to the next.  
An image sensor with excessive exposure control defects  
would be rejected during quality assurance testing. The loss  
of charge during the transportation of charge packets from  
the photosite to the CCD, which is termed lag, tends to affect  
the linearity only at very small signal levels. “Pinned”  
photodiodes, or buried photodiodes, have extremely small  
lag (< 0.5%), and can be considered to be lag free. The CCD  
charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) will reduce the amplitude  
of the charge packet as it is transported towards the output  
amplifier, with the greatest effect realized at very small  
signal levels. Modern CCD’s have CTE in excess of  
0.999999 per CCD transfer; thus, the overall effect on  
linearity is generally not a concern. If biased properly, the  
output amplifier will yield a non-linearity of typically less  
than 2%. Non linearity at signal levels beyond the saturation  
level is expected and can often vary significantly from pixel  
to pixel.  
waveform can remove the first order magnitude of such  
artifacts. In high dynamic range applications, it may be  
advisable to limit the LOG fall times to minimize the current  
transients in the device substrate and limit the magnitude of  
the artifact to an acceptable level.  
Lag  
Lag, or decay lag is a measure of the amount of  
photogenerated  
charge  
left  
behind  
during  
a photodiode-to-CCD transfer cycle. Ideally, no charge is  
left behind during such transfers and lag is equal to zero; that  
is, 100% of the collected photogenerated charge is  
transferred to the adjacent CCD. The use of “pinned”  
photodiode technology enables the linear imagers to achieve  
near perfect lag performance. Improper Transfer Gate (TG)  
clocking levels can introduce a lag type response. Thus, care  
must be taken to ensure that the clocking levels are not  
limiting the lag performance.  
Linearity Evaluation  
Imager Responsivity  
Ideally, the output video amplitude should vary linearly  
with incident light intensity over the entire input range of  
irradiance. There are many possible phenomena that can  
cause non-linearity in the response curve; inadequate CTE  
and improper biasing or clocking to name a few.  
Electronic exposure control could be used to vary the  
photodiode integration time; however, since electronic  
exposure control can introduce non-linearity, it is not  
recommended as a method of limiting the input signal.  
The output signal versus relative irradiance is graphed and  
a least squares, linear regression fit to the data is performed.  
Responsivity is a measure of the imager output when  
exposed to a given optical energy density. It is measured on  
monochrome and color (if applicable) versions of an imager  
over the entire wavelength range of operation. Imagers  
having multiple photodiode arrays with differing color  
filters and/or photodiode dimensions have responsivity  
measured on each array. Responsivity is reported in units of:  
V
mJńcm2  
Linearity  
The best fit data curve should pass through zero volts and  
2
The non-linearity of an image sensor is typically defined  
as the percent deviation from the ideal linear response,  
which is defined by the line passing through V  
remain linear (R > 0.99) up to the V  
level.  
SAT  
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)  
and  
SAT  
MTF is the magnitude of the spatial frequency response of  
a solid-state imager. The three main components of imager  
MTF are termed the aperture MTF, diffusion MTF, and  
charge transfer efficiency MTF. The aperture MTF results  
from the discrete sampling nature of solid-state imagers,  
with smaller pixel pitches yielding a better high frequency  
MTF response. The diffusion of photogenerated charge  
degrades the imager response and is responsible for the  
second component. The third component is due to inefficient  
charge transfer in the shift register. The maximum spatial  
frequency an imager can detect without aliasing occurring  
is defined as the Nyquist frequency and is equal to the  
inverse of two times the pixel pitch. MTF is typically  
reported at the Nyquist frequency, 1/2 Nyquist, and 1/4  
Nyquist. The aperture MTF limits the maximum response at  
Nyquist to 0.637. (Note that the maximum MTF response is  
1.0). The diffusion component will further degrade this  
value, especially at longer optical wavelengths.  
V
. The percent linearity is then 100 minus the  
DARK  
non-linearity. The output linearity of a solid-state image  
sensor is determined from the linearity of the photon  
collection process, the electron exposure structure  
non-linearities (if any exists), the efficiency of charge  
transportation from the photosite to the output amplifier, and  
the output amplifier linearity. The absorption of photons  
within the silicon substrate can be considered an ideal linear  
function of incident illumination level when averaged over  
a given period of time. The existence of an electronic  
exposure control circuit adjacent to the photosensitive sites  
can introduce a non-linearity into the overall response by  
allowing small quantities of charge to remain isolated in  
unwanted potential wells. Whether or not any potential wells  
exist depends on the design and manufacturing of the  
particular image sensor. The existence of such potential  
wells in the exposure circuitry, also called exposure control  
defects, will degrade the linearity only at small signal levels  
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KLI−8023  
Noise  
Noise is defined as any unwanted signal added to the  
Care should be taken to ensure that all quantities are  
represented in similar units before any calculations are  
performed. Using the above formulas, the absolute quantum  
efficiency can be expressed as:  
imager output. Temporal noise sources present in a typical  
imager include the dark current, photon shot noise, reset  
transistor noise, CCD clocking noise, and the output  
amplifier noise. Dark current is dependent on the imager  
operating temperature and can be reduced by cooling the  
imager. The reset transistor noise can be removed using  
correlated double sampling signal processing. The photon  
shot noise cannot be eliminated; however, by acquiring and  
averaging several frames it, and all temporal noise sources,  
can be reduced. Another source of noise is the variation in  
dark current from pixel to pixel leads to a dark noise pattern  
across an imager. The effects of this dark pattern noise can  
also be minimized by averaging several frames and then  
using the pixel-referenced, dark frame data as the zero  
reference level for each pixel.  
dV  
h @ c  
QE(l) + 100% @ R(l) B  
B AreaDiode @  
dNe  
l
Photoresponse Non-Uniformity (PRNU)  
The PRNU measurement is taken in a flat field of  
collimated white light. The intensity of the light is set to  
a value approximately 10% to 20% below the saturated  
signal level. One region (or “window”) of pixels is observed  
for uniformity at a given time, and the average response is  
calculated for each non-overlapping windowed section. In  
the case of medium or low frequency PRNU measurements,  
a medium filter of 3−7 pixels is applied to this region to  
eliminate the effects of single point defects. The maximum  
and minimum pixel is determined for each windowed  
section. Again, for each section, the following formula is  
applied:  
Noise Evaluation  
The noise evaluation measures the noise levels associated  
with operating the imager at the specified clocking speeds  
and temperatures. The test is performed with imager  
temperature held stable and all incident light removed.  
The noise contributions of the evaluation circuitry also need  
to be removed from the calculation. Once this is done, the  
total imager noise will be approximately equal to the sum of  
squares of each of the CCD clocking noise, output amplifier  
noise, and the dark current noise.  
Max_Pixel_Value * Min_Pixel_Value  
PRNU + 100% @ ǒ  
Ǔ
Mean_Pixel_Value  
Each section is then compared against the specification to  
identify the region with the largest percent deviation from  
the average response for the imager.  
Resolution  
The resolution of a solid-state image sensor is the spatial  
resolving power of that sensor. The spatial resolution  
of a sensor is descried in the spatial frequency domain by the  
modulation transfer function (MTF). The discrete sampling  
nature of solid-state image sensors gives rise to  
a sampling frequency that will determine the upper limit of  
the sensor’s frequency response. Resolution is  
frequently described in terms of the number of dots or  
photosites per inch (DPI) in the imager or object planes.  
For example, a linear image sensor with a single array of  
1,000 photosites of pitch 10 mm would have a resolution of  
2,540 DPI (1,000 / (1,000 0.01 mm 1/25.4 mm)). If the  
sensor were used in an optical system to image an 8wide  
document, then the resolution in the document plane would  
be 125 DPI (1,000 pixels / 8). This example is slightly  
misleading in that it does not consider the frequency  
response of the sensor or the optics. In reality, the sensor will  
have an MTF of between 0.2 and 0.7 at the Nyquist spatial  
frequency and the optics are likely to have an  
MTF of 0.6 to 0.9 at the Nyquist frequency. It is important  
to note that even though a sensor may have a high  
enough sampling frequency for a particular application, the  
overall frequency response of the sensor and optics may not  
be sufficient for that application!  
Photodiode Quantum Efficiency  
For a given area, absolute quantum efficiency is defined  
as the ratio of the number of photogenerated electrons  
captured during an integration period to the number of  
impinging photons during that period. Higher values  
indicate a more efficient photon conversion process and  
hence are more desirable.  
Absolute photodiode quantum efficiency is calculated  
from the charge-to-voltage, imager responsivity, and  
measured active photodiode area. It is calculated over the  
entire wavelength range of operation and graphed on a curve  
as percent Quantum Efficiency versus Wavelength.  
Once the charge-to-voltage, responsivity, and active  
photodiode dimensions have all been measured, the absolute  
quantum efficiency can be calculated as:  
Quantum Efficiency (l) + Responsivity (l) B  
B Charge to Voltage B  
B Active Photodiode Area   
  Energy per Photon (l)  
where  
h @ c  
Energy per Photon (l) +  
l
and  
h @ c + 1.98647E * 25 [J * m]  
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KLI−8023  
Saturation Voltage  
Smear  
Smear, also referred to as Photodiode-to-CCD Crosstalk,  
The saturated signal level is the output voltage  
corresponding to the maximum charge packet the imager  
can handle. Adding charge above the saturated level results  
in the excess charge “spilling” over into neighboring  
photosites or CCD structures. Either the photodiode  
capacity or the CCD capacity, with the latter being the most  
typical case, can limit the charge capacity. The saturated  
signal level is measured by monitoring the dark-to-light  
transition between the first-out dark reference pixels and the  
first active pixels while the irradiance is slowly increased.  
Note that improper settings on either the output gate (OG)  
or the reset gate (fR) can have a clipping effect on the output  
waveform.  
occurs when photogenerated charge diffuses to an adjacent  
CCD (such as a transfer register) and is collected, as opposed  
to being collected in the photodiode where the photon  
absorption occurred. The result of smear is to increase the  
background signal within the dark reference pixels and CCD  
buffer pixels. This increased background signal reduces the  
achievable dynamic range; hence, a high smear value is  
undesirable. The further the photodiode array and the CCD  
are apart, the less the smear. Contributors to increased smear  
are a short photodiode-to-CCD separation and improper  
transfer gate clocking levels or timing. Smear is also highly  
dependent on incident photon wavelength. In the  
application, an IR cut-off filter (~710 nm) is recommended.  
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KLI−8023  
Physical Description  
Pin Description and Device Orientation  
SUB  
1
2
3
40  
39  
38  
SUB  
f1A  
SUB  
f2A  
SUB  
SUB  
SUB  
4
37  
36  
35  
34  
33  
32  
31  
N/C  
IG  
5
LOGG  
LOGB  
LS  
6
ID  
7
LOGR  
SUB  
TG1  
SUB  
8
TG2  
9
SUB  
10  
SUB  
11  
12  
30  
29  
SUB  
RD  
fR  
VSSB  
VIDB  
13  
14  
28  
27  
OG  
SUB  
SUB  
VIDG  
VSSG  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
26  
25  
24  
23  
22  
21  
VDD  
VIDR  
VSSR  
SUB  
f1B  
SUB  
SUB  
f2B  
SUB  
Figure 3. KLI−8023 Pinout  
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8
KLI−8023  
Table 4. PACKAGE PIN DESCRIPTION  
Pin  
1
Name  
SUB  
f2n  
Description  
Substrate/Ground  
2
Phase 2 CCD Clock (n = A or B)  
Substrate/Ground  
3
SUB  
SUB  
SUB  
LOGn  
LOGn  
LS  
4
Substrate/Ground  
5
Substrate/Ground  
6
Exposure Control for Channel (n = R, G, B)  
Exposure Control for Channel (n = R, G, B)  
Light Shield/Exposure Drain  
Transfer Gate 2 Clock  
Substrate/Ground  
7
8
9
TG2  
SUB  
SUB  
fR  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
38  
39  
40  
Substrate/Ground  
Reset Clock  
VSSn  
VIDn  
SUB  
VIDn  
VSSn  
SUB  
f1n  
Ground Reference (n = R, G, B)  
Blue Output Video (n = R, G, B)  
Substrate/Ground  
Blue Output Video (n = R, G, B)  
Ground Reference (n = R, G, B)  
Substrate/Ground  
Phase 1 CCD Clock (n = A or b)  
Substrate/Ground  
SUB  
SUB  
f2n  
Substrate/Ground  
Phase 2 CCD Clock (n = A or B)  
Substrate/Ground  
SUB  
VSSn  
VIDn  
VDD  
SUB  
OG  
Ground Reference (n = R, G, B)  
Blue Output Video (n = R, G, B)  
Amplifier Supply  
Substrate/Ground  
Output Gate  
RD  
Reset Drain  
SUB  
SUB  
TG1  
SUB  
LOGn  
ID  
Substrate/Ground  
Substrate/Ground  
Transfer Gate 1  
Substrate/Ground  
Exposure Control for Channel (n = R, G, B)  
Test Input − Input Diode  
Test Input − Input Gate  
Substrate/Ground  
IG  
SUB  
SUB  
f1n  
Substrate/Ground  
Phase 1 CCD Clock (n = A or B)  
Substrate/Ground  
SUB  
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9
KLI−8023  
IMAGING PERFORMANCE  
Typical Operational Conditions  
f
= 1 MHz, AR coverglass, color filters, and an active  
CLK  
Specifications given under nominally specified operating  
conditions for the given mode of operation at 25°C,  
load as shown in Figure 4 unless otherwise specified. See  
notes on next page for further descriptions.  
Table 5. SPECIFICATIONS  
Verification  
Plan  
Description  
Symbol  
Min.  
Nom.  
Max.  
Units  
Notes  
HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE MODE (VRD = 15 V, fR (High) = 12 V)  
17  
Saturation Output Voltage  
Output Sensitivity  
V
5.2  
5.5  
14  
Vp-p  
1, 9  
Die  
SAT  
18  
DV /DN  
mV/e  
Design  
Design  
Design  
Design  
Design  
Design  
O
e
18  
18  
18  
18  
18  
Saturation Signal Charge  
Dynamic Range  
N
400  
87  
ke  
e,SAT  
DR  
dB  
V
3
5
Dark Signal Non-Uniformity  
DC Gain, Amplifier  
DSNU  
0.006  
0.775  
0.003  
0.02  
0.825  
0.005  
A
0.725  
DC  
Dark Current  
I
pA/pixel  
DARK  
17  
Charge Transfer Efficiency  
Lag  
CTE, η  
0.999995  
die  
18  
18  
L
8
0.003  
11  
0.06  
13  
%
Design  
Design  
DC Output Offset  
V
O,DC  
V
9
17  
17  
17  
Darkfield Defect, Brightpoint  
Brightfield Defect, Dark or Bright  
Exposure Control Defects  
Dark Def  
Bfld Def  
Exp Def  
0
Allowed  
Allowed  
Allowed  
12  
13  
Die  
Die  
Die  
0
32  
11, 14,  
15, 16  
NORMAL MODE (VRD = 11 V, fR (High) = 6.5 V)  
18  
Saturation Output Voltage  
Saturation Signal Charge  
Dynamic Range  
V
2.3  
2.6  
200  
82  
Vp-p  
1, 9  
Design  
Design  
Design  
Design  
SAT  
SAT  
18  
18  
18  
N
ke  
DR  
78  
5.5  
dB  
V
3
9
DC Output Offset  
V
ODC  
7.75  
10  
KLI−8023−RAA CONFIGURATION GEN2 COLOR  
2
18  
Responsivity  
Red  
Green  
R
V/mJ/cm  
Design  
Design  
MAX  
29  
19  
18  
Blue  
18  
Peak Responsivity Wavelength  
lR  
nm  
Red  
Green  
Blue  
650  
540  
460  
17  
17  
Photoresponse Uniformity,  
Low Frequency  
PRNU.  
Low  
5
10  
%p-p  
%p-p  
Die  
Photoresponse Uniformity,  
Medium Frequency  
PRNU.  
Medium  
5
10  
Die  
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10  
 
KLI−8023  
Table 5. SPECIFICATIONS (continued)  
Verification  
Plan  
Description  
Symbol  
Min.  
Nom.  
Max.  
Units  
Notes  
KLI−8023−DAA CONFIGURATION GEN1 COLOR (Note 19)  
2
18  
Responsivity  
Red  
Green  
R
V/mJ/cm  
Design  
MAX  
32  
20  
20  
Blue  
18  
Responsivity Wavelength  
lR  
nm  
Design  
Red  
Green  
Blue  
650  
540  
460  
17  
Photoresponse Uniformity,  
Low Frequency  
PRNU.  
Low  
4
7
%p-p  
%p-p  
Die  
17  
Photoresponse Uniformity,  
Medium Frequency  
PRNU.  
Medium  
4
7
Die  
KLI−8023−AAA, KLI−8023−SAA, AND KLI−8023−MAA CONFIGURATION MONOCHROME (Note 19)  
2
18  
Responsivity  
Monochrome  
R
V/mJ/cm  
Design  
MAX  
33  
18  
Responsivity Wavelength  
Monochrome  
lR  
nm  
Design  
675  
4
7
17  
Photoresponse Uniformity,  
Low Frequency  
PRNU.  
Low  
%p-p  
%p-p  
Die  
17  
Photoresponse Uniformity,  
Medium Frequency  
PRNU.  
Medium  
4
7
Die  
1. Defined as the maximum output level achievable before linearity or PRNU performance is degraded beyond specification.  
2. With color filter. Values specified at filter peaks. 50% bandwidth = 30 nm. Color filter arrays become transparent after 710 nm. It is  
recommended that a suitable IR cut filter be used to maintain spectral balance and optimal MTF. See Figure 5.  
3. As measured at 2 MHz data rate. This device utilizes 2-phase clocking for cancellation of driver displacement currents. Symmetry between  
f1 and f2 phases must be maintained to minimize clock noise.  
4. Dark current doubles approximately every +8°C.  
5. Measured per transfer. For the total line: (0.999995) 16044 = 0.9229.  
6. Low frequency response is measured across the entire array with a 1,000 pixel-moving window and a 5 pixel median filter evaluated under  
a flat field illumination.  
7. Medium frequency response is measured across the entire array with a 50 pixel-moving window and a 5 pixel median filter evaluated under  
a flat field illumination.  
8. High frequency response non-uniformity represents individual pixel defects evaluated under a flat field illumination. An individual pixel value  
may deviate above or below the average response for the entire array. Zero individual defects allowed per this specification.  
9. Increasing the current load (nominally 4 mA) to improve signal bandwidth will decrease these parameters.  
10.If resistive loads are used to set current, the amplifier gain will be reduced, thereby reducing the output sensitivity and net responsivity.  
(e.g. with 2.2 kW loads to ground, the sensitivity drops to 12.5 mV per electron).  
11. Defective pixels will be separated by at least one non-defective pixel within and across channels.  
12.Pixels whose response is greater than the average response by the specified threshold, (16 mV). See Figure 4.  
13.Pixels whose response is greater or less than the average response by the specified threshold, ( 10%). See Figure 4.  
14.Pixels whose response deviates from the average pixel response by the specified threshold, (4 mV), when operating in exposure control  
mode. See Figure 4. If dark pattern correction is used with exposure control, the dark pattern acquisition should be completed with exposure  
control actuated. Dark current tends to suppress the magnitude of these defects as observed in typical applications, hence line rate changes  
may affect perceived defect magnitude. Note: Zero defects allowed for those pixels whose response deviates from the average pixel  
response by a 20 mV threshold.  
15.Defect coordinates are available upon request.  
16.The quantity and type of defects acceptable for a specific application will be negotiated with each customer.  
17.A parameter that is measured on every sensor during production testing.  
18.A parameter that is quantified during the design verification activity.  
19.Configuration KLI−8023−DAA and KLI−8023−MAA uses Gen1 color filter set and is not recommended for new designs.  
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11  
 
KLI−8023  
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES  
Defective Pixel Classification  
Note 13: Bright  
Field Bright Pixel  
Note 14: Bright Field  
Exposure Control  
Bright Defect  
Average  
Pixel  
Note 12: Dark  
Field Bright  
Pixel  
Average  
Pixel  
Note 14: Bright  
Field Exposure  
Control Dark  
Defect  
Note 13: Bright  
Field Dark Pixel  
Exposure  
Exposure  
Figure 4. Illustration of Defect Classifications  
35  
30  
25  
20  
15  
10  
5
0
350  
400  
450  
500  
550  
600  
650  
700  
750  
800  
850  
900  
950  
1000 1050 1100  
Wavelength (nm)  
Figure 5. KLI−8023 Typical Responsivity  
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12  
KLI−8023  
KLI−8023 (9 mm) Typical Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)  
Unified Aperture and Two-Layer Diffusion Calculation Model  
100  
95  
90  
85  
80  
75  
70  
65  
60  
55  
50  
45  
40  
35  
30  
25  
20  
15  
10  
5
450 nm  
550 nm  
650 nm  
750 nm  
850 nm  
0
0
10  
20  
30  
40  
50  
60  
Spatial Frequency (Cyc/mm)  
Figure 6. KLI−8023 Typical Modulation Transfer Function  
0.40  
0.35  
0.30  
0.25  
0.20  
0.15  
0.10  
0.05  
0.00  
450  
500  
550  
600  
650  
700  
750  
800  
Wavelength (nm)  
Figure 7. KLI−8023 Smear − LDR Operation/1 MHz/355C  
fR  
= 12 V  
HIGH  
5.5  
5.0  
4.5  
4.0  
3.5  
3.0  
12.0  
12.5  
13.0  
13.5  
VRD (V)  
14.0  
14.5  
15.0  
Figure 8. KLI−8023 Typical Saturation Voltage vs. VRD  
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13  
KLI−8023  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
0
50  
100  
150  
200  
Dark Voltage Level (mV)  
Figure 9. KLI−8023 Typical Dark Voltage Level vs. Temperature  
60  
58  
56  
54  
52  
50  
48  
46  
44  
42  
40  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pixel Frequency (MHz)  
Figure 10. KLI−8023 Typical CCD Temperature vs. Operating Frequency  
6
Sensor Output  
5
Linear  
4
3
2
1
0
0
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
Relative Light Level  
Figure 11. KLI−8023 Typical Device Response Linearity  
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14  
KLI−8023  
KLI−8023 Reference Design  
The KLI−8023 Reference Design provides a baseline  
reference for the design of a KLI−8023 image sensor into  
your electronic imaging application. The circuit below uses  
inexpensive off-the-shelf components to provide  
voltage-translated clock signals and DC bias supplies  
required to support the KLI−8023.  
8
LS  
ID  
.1  
35  
26  
.1  
Ferrite Bead  
VDD  
+ 15 V  
KLI−8023  
IMAGE SENSOR  
100 uF  
.1  
10 uF  
.1 uF  
29  
28  
RD  
.1  
.1  
18K  
820  
OG  
10 K  
24  
VSSR  
VSSG  
VSSB  
MASTER  
OSCILLATOR  
1N914  
or  
eqiv  
.1  
.1  
17  
.1  
+6.8 V  
+6.8 V  
EL7202  
13  
100  
.1  
9
EL7202  
EL7202  
TG2  
TG1  
100  
32  
+15 V  
.1  
+6.8 V  
+6.8 V  
25  
100  
100  
34  
2N3904  
VIDR  
VIDG  
VIDB  
LOGR  
LOGG  
6
180  
180  
180  
Vout  
RED  
750  
74 ACT 11244  
1/G  
Rd  
39  
2
f1A  
f2A  
1A1 1Y1  
1A2 1Y2  
1A3 1Y3  
1A4 1Y4  
2/G  
+ 15V  
PLD  
.1  
Rd  
2A1  
2A2  
2A3  
2A4  
2Y 1  
2Y 2  
2Y 3  
2Y 4  
16  
2N3904  
Vout  
GREEN  
750  
+6.8 V  
74 ACT 11244  
1/G  
Rd  
19  
22  
1A1 1Y1  
1A2 1Y2  
1A3 1Y3  
1A4 1Y4  
2/G  
f1B  
f2B  
+15 V  
Rd  
.1  
2A1  
2A2  
2A3  
2A4  
2Y 1  
2Y 2  
2Y 3  
2Y 4  
14  
2N3904  
Vout  
BLUE  
+12.0V  
750  
12  
.1  
1N914A  
fR  
MPS 577  
1
IG SUB  
36  
1,3,10 ,11 ,15 ,18 ,20 , 21  
,23 ,27 ,30 ,31 ,33 ,38 , 40  
33  
1K  
MPS 3646  
1N914A  
Figure 12. Reference Design  
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15  
 
KLI−8023  
REFERENCE DESIGN CIRCUIT OVERVIEW  
Programmable Logic  
Bias Supplies  
See the timing waveform requirements earlier in this  
document before programming a logic device.  
VDD, RD and OG  
VDD and VRD are supplied directly from the 15 V input  
power supply and OG is supplied by a voltage divider.  
The input power should be sufficiently filtered to prevent  
noise from coupling into the output stage of the KLI−8013  
through the VDD node. Current spikes in the VRD and VDD  
nodes, due to switching of the on-chip reset FET, are  
suppressed by the addition of a 0.1 mF decoupling capacitor  
to ground at each node. The decoupling capacitors should be  
located as close as possible to the pins of the CCD and should  
have a solid connection to ground. OG is also decoupled to  
suppress voltage spikes the output gate of the device.  
The OG node draws negligible current.  
Clock Drivers  
There are three types of clock drivers (voltage translating  
buffers) used in this reference design. The most important  
performance consideration is the ability of the clock driver  
to drive the capacitive loads presented by the various gates  
of the CCD.  
Reset Driver  
The RESET, (fR), gate presents a small capacitive load  
of 100 pF, and requires fast rise and fall times.  
The complimentary bipolar switching transistor circuit  
shown in Figure 12 provides a low cost solution. The circuit  
alternately drives the PNP and NPN transistors into  
saturation, which switches the output between VCC and  
ground. A 33-W series-damping resistor is used to suppress  
ringing.  
OG, VSSR, VSSG, VSSB  
A forward-biased diode provides an inexpensive and  
reliable voltage source for all three VSS nodes.  
The switching action of the reset FET of the output stage can  
cause voltage spikes to occur on the VSS nodes.  
A decoupling capacitor located as close as practical to each  
VSS pin, and connected to a solid system ground, will  
minimize voltage spiking. In high dynamic range systems,  
crosstalk between VSS channels might present a noise  
problem. A separate supply for each of the three VSS nodes  
will minimize channel crosstalk if it proves to be a problem.  
Exposure Control and Transfer Gates  
The exposure control gates; LOGR and LOGG, and the  
transfer gates; TG1 and TG2 each present a moderate  
capacitive load of 500 pF. The Elantec 7202 Dual-Channel  
Power MOSFET driver delivers a peak output current of  
2 amperes: more than enough to meet the rise and fall  
requirements of the LOG and TG gates. Series damping  
resistors are used to prevent ringing in the LOGR and LOGG  
gates. The transfer gates are connected together and driven  
by a single EL7202.  
Output Buffers  
An emitter follower circuit buffers each output channel.  
The emitter follower provides a high impedance load to the  
on-chip source follower output stage, and provides low  
output impedance for driving the downstream analog signal  
processing circuits. A 180-W resistor connected between the  
base and emitter of the emitter follower uses the forward  
biased base to emitter voltage drop to provide a constant  
current load for the on-chip output stage.  
CCD Shift Register Driver  
The CCD clock phases (f1A, f2A, f1B and f2B) present  
a significant load of 3,100 pF per phase. Two 74ACT11244  
octal buffers provide an efficient solution. Each clock phase  
is driven by four gates connected in parallel to increase  
output drive current. The 6.5-volt swing required by the shift  
register is obtained by setting VCC to 6.8 V. Series damping  
resistors R are used to suppress ringing of the clock signals.  
D
Values for R should be varied to eliminate ringing and  
D
achieve 50% crossover between each pair of shift register  
clocks.  
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16  
KLI−8023  
DEFECT DEFINITIONS  
Table 6. OPERATING CONDITION SPECIFICATIONS  
(Test Conditions: T = 25°C, f  
= 1 MHz, t  
= 8.054 ms)  
CLK  
INT  
Field  
Dark  
Defect Type  
Bright  
Threshold  
Units  
mV  
%
Notes  
20, 21  
Number  
16.0  
10  
0
0
Bright  
Bright  
Bright/Dark  
Exposure Control  
20, 22  
4.0  
mV  
20, 23, 24  
32  
20.Defective pixels will be separated by at least one non-defective pixel within and across channels.  
21.Pixels whose response is greater than the average response by the specified threshold. See Figure 13 below.  
22.Pixels whose response is greater or less than the average response by the specified threshold. See Figure 13 below.  
23.Pixels whose response deviates from the average pixel response by the specified threshold when operating in exposure control mode. See  
Figure 13 below.  
24.Defect coordinates are available upon request.  
Note 3: Bright  
Field Bright Pixel  
Note 4: Bright Field  
Exposure Control  
Average  
Pixel  
Note 2: Dark  
Field Bright  
Pixel  
Bright Defect  
Average  
Pixel  
Note 4: Bright  
Note 3: Bright  
Field Dark Pixel  
Field Exposure  
Control Dark  
Defect  
Exposure  
Exposure  
Figure 13. Illustration of Defect Classifications  
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17  
 
KLI−8023  
OPERATION  
Table 7. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS  
Description  
Gate Pin Voltage  
Symbol  
Minimum  
Maximum  
Unit  
V
Notes  
25, 26  
25, 27  
25, 28  
29  
V
GATE  
−0.5  
16  
16  
Pin-to-Pin Voltage  
V
V
PIN−PIN  
Diode Pin Voltage  
V
DIODE  
−0.5  
16  
V
Output Bias Current  
Output Load Capacitance  
CCD Clocking Frequency  
I
−10  
15  
mA  
pF  
MHz  
DD  
VID,LOAD  
C
f
C
20  
30  
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality  
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.  
25.Referenced to substrate voltage.  
26.Includes pins: f1n (n = A or B), f2n (n = A or B), TG1, TG2, fR, OG, IG, and LOGn (n = R, G, B).  
27.Voltage difference (either polarity) between any two pins.  
28.Includes pins: VIDn, VSSn, RD, VDD, LS and ID (n = R, G, B).  
29.Care must be taken not to short output pins to ground during operation as this may cause permanent damage to the output structures.  
30.Charge transfer efficiency will degrade at frequencies higher than the maximum clocking frequency. VIDn load resistor values may need to  
be decreased as well.  
31.Noise performance will degrade with increasing temperatures.  
32.Long-term storage at the maximum temperature will accelerate color filter degradation.  
33.Exceeding the upper limit on output load capacitance will greatly reduce the output frequency response. Thus, direct probing of the output  
pins with conventional oscilloscope probes is not recommended.  
34.The absolute maximum ratings for the entire table indicate the limits of this device beyond which damage may occur. The Operating ratings  
indicate the conditions where the design should operate the device. Operating at or near these ratings do not guarantee specific performance  
limits. Guaranteed specifications and test conditions are contained in the Imaging Performance section.  
Device Input ESD Protection Circuit (Schematic)  
To Device  
I/O Pin  
Function  
V − 20 V  
t
SUB  
CAUTION: To allow for maximum performance, this device was designed with limited input protection; thus, it is sensitive to electrostatic  
induced damage. These devices should be installed in accordance with strict ESD handling procedures!  
Figure 14. ESD Protection Circuit  
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18  
 
KLI−8023  
DC Bias Operating Conditions  
Table 8. DC BIAS OPERATING CONDITIONS  
Description  
Symbol  
Minimum  
Nominal  
Maximum  
Units  
V
Notes  
Substrate  
V
V
0
SUB  
Output Buffer Return  
0.5  
0.65  
11.0  
0.75  
11.5  
15.5  
15.5  
−2  
V
VSS  
Reset Drain Bias (Normal Mode)  
Reset Drain Bias (High DR Mode)  
Output Buffer Supply  
V
RD  
10.5  
14.5  
14.5  
−8  
V
V
RD  
V
VDD  
V
V
15.0  
V
VDD  
IDD  
Output Bias Current/Channel  
Output Gate Bias  
I
−4  
0.65  
15.0  
0
mA  
V
35  
V
OG  
0.5  
0.75  
15.5  
Light Shield/Drain Bias  
Test Pin − Input Gate  
V
LS  
12.0  
V
V
V
V
IG  
Test Pin − Input Diode  
12.0  
15.0  
15.5  
V
ID  
35.A current sink must be supplied for each output. Load capacitance should be minimized so as not to limit bandwidth. R serves as the load  
X
bias for the on-chip amplifiers. Values of R and R should be chose to optimize performance for a given operating frequency, but R should  
X
L
X
not be less than 75 W. Figure 15 below shows one such solution.  
Typical Output Bias/Buffer Circuit  
V
DD  
0.1 mF  
2N2369  
or Similar*  
To Device  
Output Pin: VIDn  
(Minimize Path Length)  
Buffered Output  
R
= 180 W*  
X
R = 750 W*  
L
Figure 15. Typical Output Bias/Buffer Circuit  
www.onsemi.com  
19  
 
KLI−8023  
AC Operating Conditions  
Table 9. AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS − AC TIMING REQUIREMENTS  
Description  
CCD Element Duration  
Symbol  
1e (= 1/f  
Minimum  
Nominal  
Maximum  
Units  
Notes  
)
167  
20  
1,000  
100  
8,054  
16,000  
1,000  
1,000  
ns  
ns  
ms  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
1e Count  
CLK  
H1A/B, H2A/B Rise Time  
Line Integration Period  
PD−CCD Transfer Period  
Transfer Gate 1 Clear  
Transfer Gate 2 Clear  
Charge Drain Duration  
Reset Pulse Duration  
Clamp to H2 Delay  
t
RISE  
1L (= t  
)
1.343  
2666  
167  
167  
1,000  
20  
8,054e Counts  
INT  
t
16e Counts  
PD  
t
1e Count  
TG1  
TG2  
t
1e Count  
t
38  
36  
37  
37  
DR  
t
RST  
t
6
CD  
Sample to Reset Edge Delay  
t
6
SD  
36.Minimum values given are for 6 MHz CCD operation.  
37.Recommended delays for Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) for output.  
38.Minimum value required to ensure proper operation, allowing for on-chip propagation delay.  
Table 10. AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS − CLOCK LEVEL CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION  
Description  
Symbol  
Minimum  
6.25  
Nominal  
6.5  
Maximum  
7.0  
Units  
V
Notes  
CCD Readout Clocks High (n = A or B)  
CCD Readout Clocks Low (n = A or B)  
Transfer Clocks High (n = 1 or 2)  
Transfer Clocks Low (n = 1 or 2)  
Reset Clock High (Normal Mode)  
Reset Clock High (High DR Mode)  
Reset Clock Low  
V
, V  
H2nH  
, V  
H2nL  
H1nH  
V
−0.1  
0.0  
0.1  
V
39  
39  
H1nL  
V
TGnH  
6.25  
6.5  
7.0  
V
V
TGnL  
−0.1  
0.0  
0.1  
V
V
f
V
f
6.25  
6.5  
7.0  
V
RH  
RH  
11.5  
12.0  
0.0  
12.5  
0.1  
V
V
f
−0.1  
V
39  
40  
RL  
Exposure Clocks High (n = R, G, B)  
Exposure Clocks Low (n = R, G, B)  
V
6.25  
6.5  
7.0  
V
LOGnH  
V
LOGnL  
−0.1  
0.0  
0.1  
V
39, 40  
39.Care should be taken to insure that low rail overshoot does not exceed –0.5 VDC. Exceeding this value may result in non-photogenerated  
charge being injected into the video signal.  
40.Connect pin to ground potential for applications where exposure control is not required.  
Table 11. CLOCK LINE CAPACITANCE  
Description  
Symbol  
Minimum  
Nominal  
Maximum  
Units  
Notes  
CHROMA  
Phase 1 Clock Capacitance  
Phase 2 Clock Capacitance  
Transfer Gate 1 Capacitance  
Transfer Gate 2 Capacitance  
Exposure Gate Capacitance  
Reset Gate Capacitance  
C
4,180  
2,000  
925  
pF  
pF  
pF  
pF  
pF  
pF  
41  
41  
f
f
1
2
C
C
C
TG1  
TG2  
LOG  
475  
C
190  
C
11  
f
R
41.This is the total load capacitance per CCD phase. Since the CCDs are driven from both ends of the sensor, the effective load capacitance  
per drive pin is approximately half the value listed.  
www.onsemi.com  
20  
 
KLI−8023  
TIMING  
6e 16e  
6e 16e  
8002e  
8002e  
14e 6e  
14e 6e  
6e 16e  
8002e  
8002e  
14e 6e  
14e 6e  
f1  
f2  
6e 16e  
TG1  
t
INT  
TG2  
LOGn  
t
t
EXP  
DR  
Figure 16. Line Timing  
First Dark Reference  
Pixel Data Valid  
1e  
f1  
f2  
TG1  
TG2  
t
PD  
t
t
TG1  
TG2  
t
DR  
LOGn  
Figure 17. Photodiode-to-CCD Transfer  
1e  
f2  
t
RISE  
V
DARK  
V
FEEDTHRU  
VIDn  
V
SAT  
t
SD  
t
RST  
t
CD  
fR  
Clamp*  
t
CLP  
Sample*  
t
SPL  
* Required for Correlated Double Sampling  
Figure 18. Output Timing  
www.onsemi.com  
21  
KLI−8023  
STORAGE AND HANDLING  
Table 12. STORAGE CONDITIONS  
Description  
Symbol  
Minimum  
Maximum  
Unit  
°C  
Notes  
42  
Storage Temperature  
T
ST  
−25  
0
80  
70  
Operating Temperature  
T
OP  
°C  
43  
42.Long-term storage toward the maximum temperature may accelerate color filter degradation.  
43.Noise performance will degrade with increasing temperatures.  
For information on ESD and cover glass care and  
cleanliness, please download the Image Sensor Handling  
and Best Practices Application Note (AN52561/D) from  
www.onsemi.com.  
For quality and reliability information, please download  
the Quality & Reliability Handbook (HBD851/D) from  
www.onsemi.com.  
For information on device numbering and ordering codes,  
please download the Device Nomenclature technical note  
(TND310/D) from www.onsemi.com.  
For information on soldering recommendations, please  
download the Soldering and Mounting Techniques  
Reference  
www.onsemi.com.  
Manual  
(SOLDERRM/D)  
from  
For information on Standard terms and Conditions of  
Sale, please download Terms and Conditions from  
www.onsemi.com.  
www.onsemi.com  
22  
 
KLI−8023  
MECHANICAL INFORMATION  
Completed Assembly  
Figure 19. Completed Assembly Drawing (1/2)  
www.onsemi.com  
23  
KLI−8023  
Figure 20. Completed Assembly Drawing (2/2)  
www.onsemi.com  
24  
KLI−8023  
Cover Glass  
Maximum Reflectance Allowed (Two-Sided)  
2.40  
2.20  
2.00  
1.80  
1.60  
1.40  
1.20  
1.00  
0.80  
0.60  
0.40  
0.20  
Reflectance (Two-Sided)  
650  
0.00  
400  
450  
500  
550  
600  
700  
Wavelength (nm)  
Figure 21. Two-Sided Multilayer Anti-Reflective Cover Glass Specification (MAR)  
ON Semiconductor and  
are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.  
ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage  
may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein.  
ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability  
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KLI−8023/D  

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