ISL78693ARZ [RENESAS]

Automotive Single-Cell LiFePO4 Battery Charger;


型号：	ISL78693ARZ
厂家：	RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP
描述：	Automotive Single-Cell LiFePO4 Battery Charger 电池
文件：	总18页 (文件大小：966K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

DATASHEET

ISL78693

Automotive Single-Cell LiFePO4 Battery Charger

FN8891

Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

The ISL78693 is an integrated single-cell Li-ion or Li-polymer

battery charger capable of operating with an input voltage

as low as 2.65V (cold crank case). This charger is designed to

work with various types of AC adapters or a USB port.

Features

• Complete charger for single-cell Lithium chemistry batteries

• Integrated power transistor and current sensor

• Reverse battery leakage 700nA

The ISL78693 operates as a linear charger when the AC

adapter is a voltage source. The battery is charged in a

Constant Current/Constant Voltage (CC/CV) profile. The charge

current is programmable with an external resistor up to 1A.

The ISL78693 can also work with a current-limited adapter to

minimize the thermal dissipation.

• 1% initial voltage accuracy

• Programmable CC current up to 1A

• Charge current thermal foldback

• NTC thermistor interface for battery temperature alert

• Accepts CV and CC types of adapters or USB bus power

• Preconditioning trickle charge

The ISL78693 features charge current thermal foldback to

ensure safe operation when the printed circuit board’s thermal

dissipation is limited due to space constraints. Additional

features include preconditioning of an over-discharged battery,

an NTC thermistor interface for charging the battery in a safe

temperature range, and automatic recharge. The device is

specified for operation in ambient temperatures from -40°C to

+85°C and is offered in a 3x3mm thermally enhanced DFN

package.

• Guaranteed to operate down to 2.65V after start-up

• Ambient temperature range: -40°C to +85°C

• AEC-Q100 qualified

Applications

• Automotive systems

• eCall systems

Related Literature

• For a full list of related documents, visit our website

- ISL78693 product page

• Backup battery systems

CONSTANT

CURRENT

MODE

CONSTANT

VOLTAGE

MODE

TRICKLE

MODE

INHIBIT

V_IN

INPUT VOLTAGE

V_CH

BATTERY

PACK

ISL78693

BATTERY VOLTAGE

VIN

BAT

10µF

100k

V_TRICKLE

100k

TEMP

2x10µF

FAULT

STATUS

V2P8

IREF

I_CHARGE

160k

TIME

GND

1µF

CHARGE CURRENT

CTIME

15nF

_CHARGE/10

TIMEOUT

FIGURE 2. TYPICAL CHARGE CURVES USING A CONSTANT

VOLTAGE ADAPTER

FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION

‘

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 1 of 18

ISL78693

Block Diagram

Q_MAIN

V_IN

V_BAT

C₁

REFERENCES

V2P8

TEMPERATURE

MONITORING

Q_SEN

100000:1

CURRENT

MIRROR

I_T

V_IN

V_BAT

I_SEN

INPUT_OK

V_POR

IREF

I_R

100mV

R_IREF

CURRENT

CHRG

REFERENCES

I_MIN

V_CH

V_MIN

TRICKLE/FAST

MINBAT

I_SEN

V_RECHRG

MIN_I

V2P8

RECHARGE

UNDER-

TEMPERATURE

STATUS

FAULT

LOGIC

STATUS

OVER-

TEMPERATURE

NTC

TEMP

INTERFACE

BATT REMOVAL

FAULT

V2P8

OSC

COUNTER

TIME

GND

INPUT_OK

FIGURE 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE 1. KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAMILY OF PARTS

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE (V)

RECHARGE

THRESHOLD (V)

TRICKLE CHARGE

THRESHOLD (V)

PART NUMBER

ISL78692

4.1

3.9

2.8

2.6

ISL78693

3.65

3.25

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 2 of 18

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FIGURE 4. ISL78693EVAL1Z SCHEMATIC

ISL78693

Pin Configuration

ISL78693

(10 LD 3x3 DFN)

TOP VIEW

VIN

10 VBAT

FAULT

STATUS

TIME

TEMP

IREF

V2P8

GND

Pin Descriptions

PIN #

PIN NAME

DESCRIPTION

VIN

VIN is the input power source.

FAULT

FAULT is an open-drain output indicating fault status. This pin is pulled to LOW under any fault

conditions.

STATUS

TIME

STATUS is an open-drain output indicating charging and inhibit states. The STATUS pin is pulled LOW

when the charger is charging a battery.

The TIME pin determines the oscillation period by connecting a timing capacitor between this pin and

GND. The oscillator also provides a time reference for the charger.

GND

GND is the connection to system ground.

EN is the enable logic input. Connect the EN pin to LOW to disable the charger or leave it floating to

enable the charger.

V2P8

The V2P8 is a 2.8V reference voltage output. The 2.8V is present when VIN is above 3.4V typical. If VIN

falls below 2.4V typical the V2P8 output will be at 0V.

IREF

This is the programming input for the constant charging current.

TEMP

TEMP is the input for an external NTC thermistor. The TEMP pin is also used for battery removal

detection.

VBAT

EPAD

VBAT is the connection to the battery.

The metal slug on the bottom surface of the package is floating. Tie to system GND.

Ordering Information

PART NUMBER

(Notes 1, 2, 3)

PART

MARKING

TEMP RANGE

(°C)

PACKAGE

(RoHS COMPLIANT)

PKG

DWG

ISL78693ARZ

8693

-40 to +85

10 Ld 3x3 DFN

L10.3x3

ISL78693EVAL1Z

NOTE:

Evaluation Board for the 3x3 DFN Package Part

1. Add “-T” suffix for 6k unit or "T7A" for 250 unit tape and reel options. Refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.

2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte

tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil

Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.

3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), see product information page for ISL78693. For more information on MSL, see Technical Brief TB363.

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 4 of 18

ISL78693

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Thermal Information

Supply Voltage (VIN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to 7.0V

Output Pin Voltage (VBAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to 5.5V

Output Pin Voltage (V2P8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to 3.2V

Signal Input Voltage (EN, TIME, IREF, TEMP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to 3.2V

Output Pin Voltage (STATUS, FAULT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to 7.0V

Charge Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6A

ESD Rating:

Human Body Model (Tested per AEC-Q100-002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4kV

Charge Device Model (Tested per AEC-Q100-011). . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25kV

Latch-up (Tested per AEC-Q100-004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100mA

Thermal Resistance (Typical)

3x3 DFN Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . . . .

Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C

Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C

Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493



(°C/W)



(°C/W)

Recommended Operating Conditions

Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C

Supply Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4.3V to 5.5V

CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product

reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.

NOTES:

4.  is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high-effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech

Brief TB379.

5. For  , “case temperature” location is at the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. See Tech Brief TB379.

Electrical Specifications Typical values are tested at V = 5V and at an ambient temperature of +25°C, unless otherwise noted.

Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C and V range of 4.3V to 5.5V (see Note 6).

MIN

MAX

PARAMETER

POWER-ON RESET

Rising V Threshold

SYMBOL

TEST CONDITIONS

(Note 6)

TYP

(Note 6)

UNIT

2.90

2.30

3.35

2.55

3.70

2.80

Falling V Threshold

STANDBY CURRENT

VBAT Pin Leakage

IVBLKG

= 5.5V, V = 0V, EN = 0.8V

0.7

3.0

200

1.5

µA

BAT

VIN Pin Standby Current

VIN Pin Quiescent Current

VOLTAGE REGULATION

OPEN, V = 5.0V, EN = 0.8V

INSBY

OPEN, V = 5.5V, EN FLOAT

1.0

Output Voltage

OPEN

3.55

3.65

270

3.75

450

BAT

Dropout Voltage

= 3.0V, I = 500mA

CHARGE CURRENT

Constant Charge Current (Note 8)

Trickle Charge Current

= 160kΩ, V

= 3.0V

= 2.1V

430

390

500

570

540

104

100

3.40

3.0

CHARGE

TRICKLE

CHARGE

TRICKLE

CHARGE

TRICKLE

IREF

BAT

Constant Charge Current (Note 8)

Trickle Charge Current

IREF pin voltage > 1.2V, V

IREF pin voltage < 0.4V, V

= 3.0V

= 2.1V

= 3.0V

= 2.1V

450

BAT

Constant Charge Current (Note 8)

Trickle Charge Current

End-of-Charge Current

EOC

RECHARGE THRESHOLD

Recharge Voltage Falling Threshold

TRICKLE CHARGE THRESHOLD

Trickle Charge Threshold Voltage

3.00

2.2

3.25

2.6

RECHRG

TRICKLE

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 5 of 18

ISL78693

Electrical Specifications Typical values are tested at V = 5V and at an ambient temperature of +25°C, unless otherwise noted.

Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C and V range of 4.3V to 5.5V (see Note 6).

MIN

MAX

PARAMETER

TEMPERATURE MONITORING

Low Temperature Threshold

High Temperature Threshold

Battery Removal Threshold (Note 7)

Charge Current Foldback Threshold

Current Foldback Gain (Note 7)

OSCILLATOR

SYMBOL

TEST CONDITIONS

(Note 6)

TYP

(Note 6)

UNIT

V2P8 = 3.0V

1.45

0.36

2.10

1.51

0.38

2.25

100

1.57

0.40

3.00

125

TMIN

TMAX

V2P8 = 3.0V, Voltage on temperature

Junction temperature

RMV

°C

FOLD

mA/°C

FOLD

Oscillation Period

= 15nF

2.2

2.7

3.6

0.8

0.4

OSC

TIME

LOGIC INPUT AND OUTPUT

EN Input Low

IREF Input High

1.2

IREF Input Low

STATUS/ FAULT Sink Current

Pin voltage = 0.8V

NOTES:

6. The Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by

characterization and are not production tested.

7. This parameter is not tested in production.

8. Measured using pulse load.

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 6 of 18

ISL78693

Typical Operating Performance The test conditions for the typical operating performance are: V = 5V,

= +25°C, R

= 160kΩ, V = 3.7V, unless otherwise noted.

BAT

IREF

3.70

3.68

3.66

3.64

3.62

3.60

3.70

3.68

3.66

3.64

3.62

+25°C

+85°C

-40°C

+25°C

+85°C

-40°C

3.60

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

100

200

300

(mA)

400

500

(V)

BAT

FIGURE 5. VOLTAGE REGULATION vs CHARGE CURRENT

FIGURE 6. NO LOAD VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.4

IBAT (A) +85C

IBAT (A) +25C

IBAT (A) -40C

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

IBAT (A) +85C

IBAT (A) +25C

IBAT (A) -40C

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

(V)

BAT

FIGURE 7. CHARGE CURRENT vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE, R

= 158k

FIGURE 8. CHARGE CURRENT vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE, R

= 200k

IREF

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.10

0.00

VBAT = 3.0V

VBAT = 2.6V

VBAT = 3.4V

0.20

0.15

0.10

VBAT = 3.0V

VBAT = 2.6V

VBAT = 3.4V

-40

110

-40

110

160

JUNCTION TEMP (°C)

FIGURE 10. CHARGE CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE,

= 200k

JUNCTION TEMP (°C)

FIGURE 9. CHARGE CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE,

= 158k

IREF

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 7 of 18

ISL78693

Typical Operating Performance The test conditions for the typical operating performance are: V = 5V,

= +25°C, R

= 160kΩ, V = 3.7V, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)

BAT

IREF

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.6

-40°C

+25°C

+85°C

0.5

0.4

-40°C

+25°C

+85°C

0.3

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.9

(V)

5.1

5.3

5.5

4.5

4.7

4.9

(V)

5.1

5.3

5.5

FIGURE 12. CHARGE CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE, V

= 3V,

FIGURE 11. CHARGE CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE, V

= 3V,

BAT

= 200k

= 158k

IREF

2.95

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.75

2.900

2.875

2.850

2.825

2.800

+25°C

+85°C

-40°C

+25°C

+85°C

3.0

4.0

5.0

(V)

6.0

7.0

I2P8 (mA)

FIGURE 14. V2P8 OUTPUT vs LOAD CURRENT

FIGURE 13. V2P8 OUTPUT vs INPUT VOLTAGE AT NO LOAD

+25°C

+85°C

-40°C

VIN = 5.0V

VIN = 5.5V

100 120

140

TEMP (°C)

(V)

FIGURE 16. INPUT QUIESCENT CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE,

SHUTDOWN

FIGURE 15. INPUT QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 8 of 18

ISL78693

Typical Operating Performance The test conditions for the typical operating performance are: V = 5V,

= +25°C, R

= 160kΩ, V = 3.7V, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)

BAT

IREF

110

105

100

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

+70°C

+75°C

+85°C

+70°C

+75°C

+85°C

0.0

2.2

2.7

3.2

(V)

3.7

4.2

2.7

3.2

3.7

4.2

(V)

BAT

FIGURE 17. V

vs I

vs AMBIENT TEMPERATURE,

BAT

FIGURE 18. JUNCTION TEMPERATURE vs V

vs AMBIENT

BAT

= 200k, V = 5.5V, AIR FLOW = 0 LFM,

TEMPERATURE, R

= 200k, V = 5.5V,

IREF

MEASURED ON THE ISL78693EVAL1Z BOARD

AIR FLOW = 0 LFM, MEASURED ON THE

ISL78693EVAL1Z BOARD

The charger automatically recharges the battery when the

battery voltage drops below a recharge threshold of 3.3V

(typical). When the input supply is not present, the ISL78693

draws less than 1µA current from the battery.

Theory of Operation

The ISL78693 is an integrated charger for single-cell Lithium

chemistry batteries. The ISL78693 functions as a traditional

linear charger when powered with a voltage source adapter.

When powered with a current-limited adapter, the charger

Three indication pins are available from the charger to indicate

the charge status. The V2P8 outputs a 2.8VDC voltage when the

input voltage is above the Power-On Reset (POR) level and can be

used as the power-present indication. This pin is capable of

sourcing a 2mA current, so it can also be used to bias external

circuits. The STATUS pin is an open-drain, logic output that turns

LOW at the beginning of a charge cycle until the End-of-charge

(EOC) condition is qualified. The EOC condition is when the

battery voltage rises above the recharge threshold and the

charge current falls below a preset of a tenth of the programmed

charge current. Once the EOC condition is qualified, the STATUS

output rises to HIGH and is latched. The latch is released at the

beginning of a charge or recharge cycle. The open-drain FAULT

pin turns low when any fault conditions occur. The fault

conditions include the external battery temperature fault, a

charge time fault, or the battery removal.

minimizes the thermal dissipation commonly seen in traditional

linear chargers.

As a linear charger, the ISL78693 charges a battery in the

popular Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) profile.

The constant charge current I

is programmable up to 1A with

REF

an external resistor or a logic input. The charge voltage VCH has

1% accuracy over the entire recommended operating condition

range. The charger preconditions the battery with a 10% typical

of the programmed current at the beginning of a charge cycle

until the battery voltage is verified to be above the minimum fast

charge voltage, V

. This low current preconditioning

TRICKLE

charge mode is named Trickle mode. The verification takes 15

cycles of an internal oscillator whose period is programmable

with a timing capacitor on the time pin. A thermal-foldback

feature protects the device from the thermal concern typically

seen in linear chargers. The charger reduces the charge current

automatically as the IC internal temperature rises above +100°C

to prevent further temperature rise. The thermal-foldback feature

ensures safe operation when the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is

space limited for thermal dissipation.

Figure 19 on page 10 shows the typical charge curves in a

traditional linear charger powered with a constant voltage

adapter. From top to bottom, the curves represent the constant

input voltage, the battery voltage, the charge current, and the

power dissipation in the charger. The power dissipation P is

given by Equation 1:

A TEMP pin monitors the battery temperature to ensure a safe

charging temperature range. The temperature range is

programmable with an external negative temperature coefficient

(NTC) thermistor. The TEMP pin is also used to detect the removal

of the battery.

(EQ. 1)

= V -V

  I

IN BAT CHARGE

where I

is the charge current. The maximum power

CHARGE

dissipation occurs during the beginning of the CC mode. The

maximum power the IC is capable of dissipating is dependent on

the thermal impedance of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

Figure 19 shows (with dotted lines) two cases that the charge

currents are limited by the maximum power dissipation

capability due to the thermal foldback.

The charger offers a safety timer for setting the fast charge time

(TIMEOUT) limit to prevent charging a dead battery for an

extensively long time. The Trickle mode is limited to 1/8 of

TIMEOUT.

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 9 of 18

ISL78693

mirror with a ratio of 100,000:1, which the output charge current

TRICKLE

MODE

CONSTANT CURRENT

MODE

CONSTANT VOLTAGE

MODE

INHIBIT

is 100,000 times I . In the CC mode, the current loop tries to

increase the charge current by enhancing the sense MOSFET

), in which the sensed current matches the reference

INPUT VOLTAGE

SEN

current. On the other hand, if the adapter current is limited, the

actual output current will never meet what is required by the

current reference. As a result, the current error amplifier, CA,

BATTERY VOLTAGE

TRICKLE

CHARGE

keeps enhancing the Q

as well as the main MOSFET Q

SEN

MAIN

until they are fully turned on. Therefore, the main MOSFET

becomes a power switch instead of a linear regulation device.

The power dissipation in the CC mode becomes Equation 2:

CHARGE CURRENT

= r

 I

DSON CHARGE

(EQ. 2)

CHARGE

where r

is the resistance when the main MOSFET is fully

DS(ON)

turned on. This power is typically much less than the peak power

in the traditional linear mode.

POWER DISSIPATION

The worst power dissipation when using a current-limited adapter

typically occurs at the beginning of the CV mode, as shown in

Figure 20.

TIMEOUT

FIGURE 19. TYPICAL CHARGE CURVES USING A CONSTANT VOLTAGE

ADAPTER

Equation 1 applies during the CV mode. When using a very small

PCB whose thermal impedance is relatively large, it is possible

that the internal temperature can still reach the thermal

TRICKLE

MODE

CONSTANT CURRENT

MODE

CONSTANT VOLTAGE

MODE

INHIBIT

foldback threshold. In that case, the IC is thermally protected by

lowering the charge current, as shown with the dotted lines in the

charge current and power curves. Appropriate design of the

adapter can further reduce the peak power dissipation of the

ISL78693. See “Applications Information” for more information.

INPUT VOLTAGE

BATTERY VOLTAGE

TRICKLE

Figure 21 on page 11 illustrates the typical signal waveforms for

the linear charger from the power-up to a recharge cycle. More

detailed information is given in the following sections.

CHARGE

LIM

CHARGE CURRENT

Applications Information

CHARGE

Power-On Reset (POR)

The ISL78693 resets itself as the input voltage rises above the

POR rising threshold. The V2P8 pin outputs a 2.8V voltage, the

internal oscillator starts to oscillate, the internal timer is reset,

and the charger begins to charge the battery. The two indication

pins, STATUS and FAULT, indicate a LOW and a HIGH logic signal

respectively. Figure 21 illustrates the start-up of the charger

POWER DISSIPATION

TIMEOUT

FIGURE 20. TYPICAL CHARGE CURVES USING A CURRENT-LIMITED

ADAPTER

between t to t .

The ISL78693 has a typical rising POR threshold of 3.4V and a

falling POR threshold of 2.4V. The 2.4V falling threshold

guarantees charger operation with a current-limited adapter to

minimize the thermal dissipation.

When using a current-limited adapter, the thermal situation in

the ISL78693 is totally different. Figures 20 shows the typical

charge curves when a current-limited adapter is employed. The

operation requires the I

to be programmed higher than the

REF

of the adapter. The key difference of the

Charge Cycle

A charge cycle consists of three charge modes: Trickle mode,

Constant Current (CC) mode, and Constant Voltage (CV) mode.

The charge cycle always starts with the Trickle mode until the

limited current I

LIM

charger operating under such conditions occurs during the CC

mode.

The “Block Diagram” on page 2 aids in understanding the

operation. The current loop consists of the current amplifier CA

and the sense MOSFET (Q

battery voltage stays above V

(2.8V typical) for 15

TRICKLE

consecutive cycles of the internal oscillator. If the battery voltage

drops below V during the 15 cycles, the 15-cycle counter

). The current reference I is

SEN

TRICKLE

programmed by the IREF pin. The current amplifier CA regulates

the gate of the sense MOSFET (Q ) to ensure that the sensed

is reset and the charger stays in the Trickle mode. The charger

moves to the CC mode after verifying the battery voltage. As the

battery pack terminal voltage rises to the final charge voltage

SEN

matches the reference current I . The main

current I

SEN

MOSFET, Q

and the sense MOSFET (Q ) form a current

MAIN

, the CV mode begins. The terminal voltage is regulated at the

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 10 of 18

ISL78693

constant V in the CV mode and the charge current starts to

reduce towards zero. After the charge current drops below I(EOC)

A 1nF capacitor results in a 0.2ms oscillation period. The

accuracy of the period is mainly dependent on the accuracy of

the capacitance and the internal current source.

programmed to 1/10 of I

(see “End-of-Charge (EOC) Current”

REF

on page 12 for more information), the ISL78693 indicates the

EOC with the STATUS pin. The charging actually does not

terminate until the internal timer completes its length of

TIMEOUT in order to bring the battery to its full capacity. Signals

Total Charge Time

The total charge time for the CC mode and CV mode is limited to

a length of TIMEOUT. A 22-stage binary counter increments each

oscillation period of the internal oscillator to set the TIMEOUT.

The TIMEOUT can be calculated in Equation 4:

in a charge cycle are illustrated in Figure 21 between points t to

t .

TIME

1nF

OSCSEC









(EQ. 4)

-----------------------------

-----------------

minutes

TIMEOUT = 2



= 14 

V_IN

POR THRESHOLD

CHARGE CYCLE

A 1nF capacitor leads to 14 minutes of TIMEOUT. For example, a

15nF capacitor sets the TIMEOUT to be 3.5 hours. The charger

has to reach the end-of-charge condition before the TIMEOUT,

otherwise, a TIMEOUT fault is issued. The TIMEOUT fault latches

up the charge and the FAULT pin goes low. There are two ways to

release such a latch-up: either recycle the input power or toggle

the EN pin to disable the charger and then enable it again.

V2P8

CHARGE CYCLE

STATUS

FAULT

V_BAT

15 CYCLES TO

1/8 TIMEOUT

The Trickle Charge mode has a time limit of 1/8 TIMEOUT. If the

battery voltage does not reach V

within this limit, a

V_CH

TRICKLE

TIMEOUT fault is issued and the charger latches off. The charger

stays in Trickle mode for at least 15 cycles of the internal

oscillator and, at most, 1/8 of TIMEOUT, as shown in Figure 21.

V_RECHRG

15 CYCLES

V_TRICKLE

I_EOC

I_CHARGE

Charge Current Programming

The charge current is programmed by the IREF pin. There are

three ways to program the charge current:

1 2

6 7

FIGURE 21. OPERATION WAVEFORMS

1. Driving the IREF pin above 1.2V.

2. Driving the IREF pin below 0.4V.

The following events initiate a new charge cycle:

• POR

3. Using the R

page 1.

as shown in “TYPICAL APPLICATION” on

IREF

is regulated to a 0.8V reference voltage when

REF

• A new battery being inserted (detected by TEMP pin)

The voltage of I

• The battery voltage drops below a recharge threshold after

completing a charge cycle

not driven by any external source. The charging current during the

Constant Current mode is 100,000 times that of the current in

• Recovery from a battery over-temperature fault

• The EN pin is toggled from GND to floating

the R

resistor. Therefore, depending on how IREF pin is used,

the charge current is given by Equation 5:

IREF

 1.2V











• Further description of these events are given later in this

datasheet

IREF

500mA

0.8V

(EQ. 5)

-----------------

 10 A

REF

IREF

Recharge

80mA

 0.4V

After a charge cycle completes, charging is prohibited until the

battery voltage drops to a recharge threshold, V

of 3.3V

The internal reference voltage at the IREF pin is capable of sourcing

less than 100µA current. When pulling down the IREF pin with a

logic circuit, the logic circuit must be able to sink at least 100µA

current. For design purposes, a designer should assume a tolerance

of ±20% when computing the minimum and maximum charge

current from Equation 5.

RECHRG

(TYP), (see “Electrical Specifications” on page 5”). Then a new

charge cycle starts at point t and ends at point t , as shown in

Figure 21. The safety timer is reset at t .

Internal Oscillator

The internal oscillator establishes a timing reference. The

oscillation period is programmable with an external timing

When the adapter is current-limited, it is recommended that the

reference current be programmed to at least 30% higher than the

adapter current limit (which equals the charge current). In addition,

the charge current should be at least 350mA, which the voltage

difference between the VIN and the VBAT pins is higher than 100mV.

The 100mV is the offset voltage of the input/output voltage

comparator shown in “Block Diagram” on page 2.

capacitor, C

, as shown in Figure 1. The oscillator charges the

timing capacitor to 1.5V and then discharges it to 0.5V in one

TIME

period, both with 10µA current. The period t

Equation 3:

is given by

OSC

= 0.2  10  C

seconds

OSC

TIME

(EQ. 3)

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 11 of 18

ISL78693

End-of-Charge (EOC) Current

NTC Thermistor

The end-of-charge current, I

, sets the level at which the

The ISL78693 uses two comparators (CP2 and CP3) to form a

window comparator, as shown in Figure 24. When the TEMP pin

EOC

charger starts to indicate the end of the charge with the STATUS

pin, as shown in Figure 21 on page 11. The charger actually does

not terminate charging until the end of the TIMEOUT, as

voltage is “out of the window,” determined by the V

and

TMIN

, the ISL78693 stops charging and indicates a fault

TMAX

described in “Total Charge Time” on page 11. The I

is set to

node to

condition. When the temperature returns to the set range, the

charger restarts a charge cycle. The two MOSFETs, Q1 and Q2,

produce hysteresis for both upper and lower thresholds. The

temperature window is shown in Figure 23.

EOC

60mA (typical) internal to the device by tying the I

V2P8.

EOC

Charge Current Thermal Foldback

2.8V

Overheating is always a concern in a linear charger. The

maximum power dissipation usually occurs at the beginning of a

charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its minimum, but the

charge current is at its maximum. The charge current thermal

foldback function in the ISL78693 frees users from the

overheating concern.

V_TMIN(1.4V)

V_TMIN-(1.2V)

TEMP

VOLTAGE

Figure 22 shows the current signals at the summing node of the

current error amplifier in “Block Diagram” on page 2. I is the

reference and I is the current from the temperature monitoring

V_TMAX+(0.406V)

block. The I has no impact on the charge current until the

V_TMAX(0.35V)

internal temperature reaches approximately +100°C (+85°C

Min) then I rises at a rate of 1µA/°C. When I rises, the current

control loop forces the sensed current I

to reduce at the same

SEN

UNDER-

TEMPERATURE

rate. As a mirrored current, the charge current is 100,000 times

that of the sensed current and reduces at a rate of 100mA/°C.

For a charger with the constant charge current set at 1A, the

charge current is reduced to zero when the internal temperature

rises to +110°C. The actual charge current settles between

+100°C to +110°C.

OVER-

TEMPERATURE

FIGURE 23. CRITICAL VOLTAGE LEVELS FOR TEMP PIN

2.8V

V2P8

ISL78693

The charge current should not drop below I

EOC

because of the

thermal foldback. For some extreme cases (if that does happen),

the charger does not indicate end-of-charge unless the battery

voltage is already above the recharge threshold.

40K

BATTERY

REMOVAL

RMV

CP1

CP2

60K

UNDER-

TEMPERATURE

TMIN

TO TEMP PIN

75K

TEMP

OVER-

TEMPERATURE

CP3

25K

SEN

TMAX

GND

+100°C

TEMPERATURE

FIGURE 22. CURRENT SIGNALS AT THE AMPLIFIER AC INPUT

FIGURE 24. THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CIRCUIT FOR THE NTC

INTERFACE

2.8V Bias Voltage

The ISL78693 provides a 2.8V voltage for biasing the internal

control and logic circuit. This voltage is also available for external

circuits such as the NTC thermistor circuit. The maximum

allowed external load is 2mA.

As the TEMP pin voltage rises from low and exceeds the 1.4V

threshold, the under-temperature signal rises and does not clear

until the TEMP pin voltage falls below the 1.2V falling threshold.

Similarly, the over-temperature signal is given when the TEMP pin

voltage falls below the 0.35V threshold and does not clear until the

voltage rises above 0.406V. The actual accuracy of the 2.8V is not

important because all the thresholds and the TEMP pin voltage are

ratios determined by the resistor dividers, as shown in Figure 24.

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 12 of 18

ISL78693

The NTC thermistor is required to have a resistance ratio of 7:1 at

the low and the high temperature limits, that is given by

Equation 6:

to connect the TEMP pin to the IREF pin that has a 0.8V output.

With such connection, the IREF pin can no longer be

programmed with logic inputs. In this condition, no pull-up is

allowed for the TEMP pin.

COLD

-------------------

= 7

(EQ. 6)

HOT

Battery Removal Detection

The ISL78693 assumes that the thermistor is co-packed with the

battery and is removed together with the battery. When the

charger senses a TEMP pin voltage that is 2.1V or higher, it

assumes that the battery is removed. The battery removal

detection circuit is also shown in Figure 24. When a battery is

removed, a FAULT signal is indicated and charging is halted.

When a battery is inserted again, a new charge cycle starts.

This is because, at the low temperature limit, the TEMP pin

voltage is 1.4V, which is 1/2 of the 2.8V bias, as shown in

Equation 7:

= R

(EQ. 7)

COLD

where R is the pull-up resistor as shown in Figure Figure 24 on

page 12. At the high temperature limit, the TEMP pin voltage is

0.35V, which is 1/8 of the 2.8V bias, as shown in Equation 8:

Indications

The ISL78693 has three indications: the input presence, the

charge status, and the fault indication. The input presence is

indicated by the V2P8 pin while the other two indications are

presented by the STATUS pin and FAULT pin respectively.

Figure 25 shows the V2P8 pin voltage vs the input voltage.

Table 3 summarizes the other two pins.

(EQ. 8)

-------

HOT

Various NTC thermistors are available for this application. Table 2

shows the resistance ratio and the negative temperature

coefficient of the curve-1 NTC thermistor from Vishay at various

temperatures. The resistance at +3°C is approximately seven

times the resistance at +47°C, which is shown in Equation 9:

3C

(EQ. 9)

----------------

= 7

3.4V

47C

2.4V

If the low temperature limit is +3°C, and the high temperature

limit is around +47°C, then the pull-up resistor RU can be chosen

to be the resistance measured at +3°C.

2.8V

V_IN

TABLE 2. RESISTANCE RATIO OF VISHAY’S CURVE-1 NTC

TEMPERATURE (°C)

R /R

NTC (%/°C)

5.1

25°C

3.266

V2P8

2.806

2.540

5.1

5.0

1.000

4.4

FIGURE 25. THE V2P8 PIN OUTPUT vs THE INPUT VOLTAGE AT THE

VIN PIN. VERTICAL: 1V/DIV, HORIZONTAL:

100ms/DIV

0.4368

0.4041

0.3602

4.0

3.9

TABLE 3. STATUS INDICATIONS

3.9

FAULT

High

Low

STATUS

High

INDICATION

Charge completed with no fault (Inhibit) or Standby

Charging in one of the three modes

Fault

The temperature hysteresis will now be estimated in the low and

high temperatures. At the low temperature, the hysteresis is

approximately estimated in Equation 10:

Low

High

1.4V-1.2V

1.4V  0.051

-------------------------------



 3

 

hysLOW

*Both outputs are pulled up with external resistors.

(EQ. 10)

Shutdown

where 0.051 is the NTC at +3°C. Similarly, the high temperature

hysteresis is estimated in Equation 11:

The ISL78693 can be shut down by pulling the EN pin to ground.

When shut down, the charger draws typically less than 30µA

current from the input power and the 2.8V output at the V2P8 pin

is also turned off. The EN pin has to be driven with an open-drain

or open-collector logic output. The EN pin is internally biased, so

the pin should be floated to turn the device ON once the charger

is enabled. To turn OFF the device, an open-drain/open-collector

can be used to pull the pin to its low level.

0.406V-0.35V

0.35V  0.039

-------------------------------------



 4

 

hysHIGH

(EQ. 11)

where the 0.039 is the NTC at +47°C.

For applications that do not need to monitor the battery

temperature, the NTC thermistor can be replaced with a regular

resistor of a half value of the pull-up resistor R . Another option is

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 13 of 18

ISL78693

Input and Output Capacitor Selection

V_NL

R_O

(V_NL- V_FL)/I_LIM

The use of a 10µF Tantalum type TCA106M016R0200 or

Ceramic type C3216X7RC1106KT000N or equivalent is

recommended for the input. When used as a charger, the output

capacitor should be 2x10µF Tantalum type AVX

V_FL

V_PACK

R_O

R_PACK

TCJA106M016R0200 or equivalent. The device partially relies on

the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor

for the loop stability. If there is a need to use ceramic capacitors

for device output, it is recommended to use a 220mΩ, 0.25W

resistor, in series with the VBAT pin followed by 2x10µF, 16V, X7R

ceramic capacitor C3216X7RC1106KT000N or equivalent for an

I_LIM

V_NL

V_CELL

I_LIM

= 0.5A (see Figure 26).

FIGURE 27. THE IDEAL I-V CHARACTERISTICS OF A CURRENT

LIMITED POWER SUPPLY

BAT

ISL78693

220m, 0.25W

Working with Current-Limited Power Supply

TO INPUT

TO BATTERY

VIN

VBAT

As described earlier, the ISL78693 minimizes the thermal

dissipation when running off a current-limited AC adapter, as

shown in Figure 20 on page 10. The thermal dissipation can be

further reduced when the adapter is properly designed. The

following demonstrates that the thermal dissipation can be

minimized if the adapter output reaches the full-load output

voltage (point B in Figure 27) before the battery pack voltage

reaches the final charge voltage (3.65V). The assumptions for the

following discussion are: the adapter current limit = 500mA, the

battery pack equivalent resistance = 200mΩ, and the charger

ON-resistance is 350mΩ.

10µF

Ceramic

LARGE

CERAMIC

CAPACITOR

GND

FIGURE 26. INSERTING R TO IMPROVE THE STABILITY OF

APPLICATIONS WITH LARGE CERAMIC CAPACITOR

USED AT THE OUTPUT

Current-Limited Adapter

When charging in the constant current region, the pass element

in the charger is fully turned on. The charger is equivalent to the

ON-resistance of the internal P-Channel MOSFET. The entire

charging system is equivalent to the circuit shown in Figure 28A

Figure 27 shows the ideal current voltage characteristics of a

current-limited adapter. The V is the no-load adapter output

voltage and V is the full load voltage at the current limit I

FL LIM

Before its output current reaches the limit I , the adapter

LIM

presents the characteristics of a voltage source. The slope, r ,

represents the output resistance of the voltage supply. For a

well-regulated supply, the output resistance can be very small,

but some adapters naturally have a certain amount of output

resistance.

on page 15. The charge current is the constant current limit, I

and the adapter output voltage can be easily found out as

calculated in Equation 12:

LIM

(EQ. 12)

= I

 r V

DSON PACK

Adapter

LIM

where V

is the battery pack voltage. The power dissipation in

The adapter is equivalent to a current source when running in the

constant current region. Being a current source, its output

voltage is dependent on the load, which in this case, is the

charger and the battery. As the battery is being charged, the

adapter output rises from a lower voltage in the current voltage

characteristics curve, such as point A, to higher voltage until

reaching the breaking point B, as shown in Figure 27.

PACK

the charger is given in Equation 2, where I

= I .

CHARGE LIM

A critical condition of the adapter design is that the adapter

output reaches point B in Figure 27 at the same time as the

battery pack voltage reaches the final charge voltage (3.65V), as

shown in Equation 13:

= I

 r

+ V

(EQ. 13)

Critical

LIM DSON

The adapter is equivalent to a voltage source with output

resistance when running in the constant voltage region because

of this characteristic. As the charge current drops, the adapter

output moves from point B to point C, as shown in Figure 27.

For example, if the final charge voltage is 3.65V, the r

DS(ON)

350mΩ, and the current limit, I , is 500mA, the critical adapter

LIM

full-load voltage is 3.825V.

The battery pack can be approximated as an ideal cell with a

lumped-sum resistance in series, also shown in Figure 27. The

ISL78693 charger sits between the adapter and the battery.

When the above condition is true, the charger enters the

Constant Voltage mode simultaneously as the adapter exits the

Current Limit mode. The equivalent charging system is shown in

Figure 28C on page 15. Since the charge current drops at a

higher rate in the Constant Voltage mode than the increase rate

of the adapter voltage, the power dissipation decreases as the

charge current decreases. Therefore, the worst case thermal

dissipation occurs in the constant current charge mode.

Figure 29A shows the I-V curves of the adapter output, the

battery pack voltage, and the cell voltage during the charge. The

5.9V no-load voltage is just an example value higher than the

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 14 of 18

ISL78693

full-load voltage. The cell voltage 3.65V uses the assumption that

the pack resistance is 200mΩ. Figure 29A illustrates the adapter

voltage, battery pack voltage, the charge current, and the power

dissipation in the charger respectively in the time domain.

able to fully charge the battery as long as the no-load voltage is

above 3.65V. Figure 29B illustrates the adapter voltage, battery

pack voltage, the charge current, and the power dissipation in

the charger respectively in the time domain.

If the battery pack voltage reaches 3.65V before the adapter

reaches point B in Figure 27, a voltage step is expected at the

adapter output when the pack voltage reaches the final charge

voltage. As a result, the charger power dissipation is also

expected to have a step rise. This case is shown in Figure 20 on

page 10 as well as Figure 30C. Under this condition, the worst

case thermal dissipation in the charger happens when the

charger enters the constant voltage mode.

Based on the previous discussion, the worst-case power

dissipation occurs during the constant current charge mode if the

adapter full-load voltage is lower than the critical voltage given in

Equation 13. Even if that is not true, the power dissipation is still

much less than the power dissipation in the traditional linear

charger. Figures 27 and 28 are scope-captured waveforms to

demonstrate the operation with a current-limited adapter.

The waveforms in Figure 27 are the adapter output voltage

(1V/div), the battery voltage (1V/div), and the charge current

(200mA/div) respectively. The time scale is 1ks/div. The adapter

current is limited to 600mA and the charge current is

programmed to 1A. Note that the voltage difference is only

approximately 200mV and the adapter voltage tracks the battery

voltage in the CC mode. Figure 27 also shows the resistance limit

mode before entering the CV mode.

If the adapter voltage reaches the full-load voltage before the

pack voltage reaches 3.65V, the charger will experience the

resistance-limit situation. In this situation, the ON-resistance of

the charger is in series with the adapter output resistance. The

equivalent circuit for the resistance-limit region is shown in

Figure 28B. Eventually, the battery pack voltage will reach 3.65V

because the adapter no-load voltage is higher than 3.65V, then

Figure 28C becomes the equivalent circuit until charging ends. In

this case, the worst-case thermal dissipation also occurs in the

constant current charge mode. Figure 29B shows the I-V curves of

the adapter output, the battery pack voltage, and the cell voltage

for the case VFL = 3.55V. In this case, the full-load voltage is

lower than the final charge voltage (3.65V), but the charger is still

Figure 28 shows the actual captured waveforms depicted in

Figure 30C. The constant charge current is 750mA. A step in the

adapter voltage during the transition from CC mode to CV mode

is demonstrated.

ADAPTER

CHARGER

ADAPTER

CHARGER

PACK

DS(ON)

3.65V DC

OUTPUT

DS(ON)

PACK

ADAPTER

LIM

PACK

BATTERY

PACK

BATTERY

PACK

CELL

BATTERY

PACK

CELL

FIGURE 28A. THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT IN THE FIGURE 28B. THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT IN THE FIGURE 28C. THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT WHEN

CONSTANT CURRENT REGION

RESISTANCE-LIMIT REGION

THE PACK VOLTAGE REACHES

THE FINAL CHARGE VOLTAGE

FIGURE 28. THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF THE CHARGING SYSTEM WORKING WITH CURRENT-LIMITED ADAPTERS

V_PACK

V_NL

5.5V

V_ADAPTER

3.65V

3.55V

3.25V

3.65V

3.825V

3.65V

V_PACK

V_CELL

3.65V

3.175V

3.45V

500mA

FIGURE 29A.

FIGURE 29B.

FIGURE 29. THE I-V CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHARGER WITH DIFFERENT CURRENT LIMITED POWER SUPPLIES

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 15 of 18

ISL78693

PACK

CHARGE

CURRENT

CHARGE

CURRENT

CHARGE

CURRENT

POWER

TIME

CONSTANT

CURRENT

RES

LIMIT

CONSTANT

CURRENT

CONSTANT

VOLTAGE

CONSTANT

VOLTAGE

CONSTANT CURRENT

CONSTANT VOLTAGE

FIGURE 30A.

FIGURE 30B.

FIGURE 30C.

FIGURE 30. THE OPERATING CURVES WITH THREE DIFFERENT CURRENT-LIMITED POWER SUPPLIES

IREF Programming Using Current-Limited

Adapter

The ISL78693 has 20% tolerance for the charge current.

Typically, the current-limited adapter also has 10% tolerance. In

order to guarantee proper operation, it is recommended that the

nominal charge current be programmed at least 30% higher

than the nominal current limit of the adapter.

BAT

Board Layout Recommendations

The ISL78693 internal thermal foldback function limits the

charge current when the internal temperature reaches

approximately +100°C. In order to maximize the current

capability, it is very important that the exposed pad under the

package is properly soldered to the board and is connected to

other layers through thermal vias. More thermal vias and more

copper attached to the exposed pad usually result in better

thermal performance. On the other hand, the number of vias is

limited by the size of the pad. The 3x3 DFN package allows nine

vias to be placed in three rows. Since the pins on the 3x3 DFN

package are on only two sides, as much top layer copper as

possible should be connected to the exposed pad to minimize the

thermal impedance. Refer to UG098, “ISL78693EVAL1Z

Evaluation Board User Guide” for layout example.

BAT

1 hour

FIGURE 32. SCOPE WAVEFORMS SHOWING THE FULL-LOAD POWER

SUPPLY VOLTAGE AS HIGHER THAN THE CRITICAL

VOLTAGE

BAT

CV Mode

BAT

CC Mode

Resistance Limit Mode

FIGURE 31. SCOPE WAVEFORMS SHOWING THE THREE MODES

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 16 of 18

ISL78693

Revision History The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted.

Please visit our website to make sure you have the latest revision.

DATE

REVISION

FN8891.1

CHANGE

December 12, 2016

Changed title on page 1 from “Li-ion/Li-Polymer Battery Charger” to “Automotive Single-Cell LiFePO4 Battery

Charger”.

October 31, 2016

FN8891.0

Initial Release.

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FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 17 of 18

ISL78693

For the most recent package outline drawing, see L10.3x3.

Package Outline Drawing

L10.3x3

10 LEAD DUAL FLAT PACKAGE (DFN)

Rev 11, 3/15

3.00

PIN #1 INDEX AREA

PIN 1

INDEX AREA

10 x 0.23

(4X)

0.10

1.60

10x 0.35

TOP VIEW

BOTTOM VIEW

A B

0.10

(4X)

0.415

0.23

0.35

SEE DETAIL "X"

0.10

(10 x 0.55)

(10x 0.23)

BASE PLANE

0.20

SEATING PLANE

0.08 C

SIDE VIEW

(8x 0.50)

0.415

0.20 REF

0.05

1.60

2.85 TYP

DETAIL "X"

TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN

NOTES:

1. Dimensions are in millimeters.

Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.

2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5m-1994.

3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05

4. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature and may be

located on any of the 4 sides (or ends).

5. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be

located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be

either a mold or mark feature.

FN8891 Rev 1.00

December 12, 2016

Page 18 of 18

ISL78693ARZ [RENESAS]

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