STPM13 [STMICROELECTRONICS]
Single phase energy metering IC with pulsed output and digital calibration; 单相电能计量IC，具有脉冲输出和数字校准
| 型号： | STPM13 |
| 厂家： | 
ST |
| 描述： | Single phase energy metering IC with pulsed output and digital calibration |
| 文件： | 总43页 (文件大小：919K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
STPM11/12/13/14
Single phase energy metering IC with pulsed output
and digital calibration
Feature summary
■ Ripple free active energy pulsed output
■ Direct stepper counter drivers
■ Shunt, current transformer, Rogowsky coil
sensors
■ Live and neutral monitoring (STPM13/14)
TSSOP20
■ Easy and fast digital calibration at only one
load point
voltage reference, low drop voltage regulator. The
digital part is composed of a system control,
oscillator, hard wired DSP and interface for
calibration and configuration.
■ No-load, negative power and tamper indicators
■ Integrated linear VREGS
■ RC (STPM11/13) or crystal oscillator
(STPM12/14)
The calibration and configuration are done by
OTP cells, that can be programmed through a
serial interface. The configured bits are used for
testing, configuration and calibration purposes.
From two ∑∆ output signals coming from the
analog section, a DSP unit computes the amount
of consumed active energy. The active energy is
available as a pulse frequency output and directly
driven by a stepper counter. In the STPM1X an
output signal with pulse frequency proportional to
energy is generated. This signal is used in the
calibration phase of the energy meter application
allowing a very easy approach. When the device
is fully configured and calibrated, a dedicated bit
of OTP block can be written permanently in order
to prevent accidental entry into test mode or
changing any configuration bit.
■ Support 50÷60 HZ - IEC62052-11, IEC62053-
2X specification
■ Less than 0.1% error
Description
The STPM1x family is designed for effective
measurement of active energy in a power line
system using a Rogowski Coil, Current
Transformer and Shunt sensors. This device is
specifically designed to provide all the necessary
features to implement a single phase energy
meter without any other active component. The
STPM1x device family consists, essentially, of two
parts: the analog part and the digital part. The
former, is composed of a preamplifier and first
order ∑∆ A/D converter blocks, band gap
Order code
Part number
Package
TSSOP20 (Tape & reel)
Packaging
STPM11ATR
STPM12ATR
STPM13ATR
STPM14ATR
2500 parts per reel
2500 parts per reel
2500 parts per reel
2500 parts per reel
TSSOP20 (Tape & reel)
TSSOP20 (Tape & reel)
TSSOP20 (Tape & reel)
March 2007
Rev. 3
1/43
www.st.com
43
STPM11/12/13/14
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
Schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Measurement error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ADC Offset error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Gain error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Power supply DC and AC rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6
7
Typical performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
General operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Analog inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
∑∆ A/D Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Period and line voltage measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Single wire meter mode (STPM13/14 with Rogowsky coil sensor) . . . . . 16
Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Load monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Error detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Tamper detection module (STPM13/14 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.10 Phase compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.11 Clock generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.12 Resetting the STPM1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.13 Energy to frequency conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.14 Driving a stepper motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.15 Configuring the STPM1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.16 Mode signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2/43
STPM11/12/13/14
7.17 CFGI: Configuration interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8
Energy calculation algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
STPM1X Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9
10
11
12
3/43
Schematic diagram
STPM11/12/13/14
1
Schematic diagram
Figure 1.
Block diagram
4/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Pin configuration
2
Pin configuration
Figure 2.
Pin connections (top view)
Table 1.
Pln N°
Pin description
Symbol
Type (1)
Name and function
1
2
MON
MOP
SCS
P O
P O
Output for Stepper’s node
Output for Stepper’s node
3
D IN
Enable or disable configuration interface for device configuration.
1.5V Output of internal low drop regulator which supplies the digital core.
Ground.
4
VDDD
VSS
A OUT
GND
P IN
5
6
VCC
Supply voltage.
7
VOTP
VDDA
IIP1
P INr
A OUT
A IN
Supply voltage for OTP cells.
8
3V Output of internal low drop regulator which supplies the analog part.
Positive input of primary current channel
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
IIN1
A IN
Negative input of primary current channel
IIP2
A IN
Positive input of secondary current channel (STPM13/14 only)
Negative input of secondary current channel (STPM13/14 only)
Positive input of voltage channel
IIN2
A IN
VIP
A IN
VIN
A IN
Negative input of voltage channel
SYN-NP
CLKIN
CLKOUT
SCL/NLC
SDATD
LED
D I/O
A IN
Negative power indicator. (Configuration interface)
Crystal oscillator input or resistor connection if RC oscillator is selected
Oscillator output (RC or crystal)
A OUT
D I/O
D I/O
D O
No-load condition indicator. (Configuration interface)
Tamper detection indicator. (Configuration interface)
Pulsed output proportional to Active Energy
1. A: Analog, D: Digital, P: Power
5/43
Maximum ratings
STPM11/12/13/14
3
Maximum ratings
Table 2.
Absolute maximum ratings (See note)
Parameter
Symbol
VCC
IPIN
Value
Unit
DC Input voltage
-0.3 to 6
150
V
Current on any pin (sink/source)
mA
Input voltage at digital pins (SCS, MOP, MON, SYN, SDATD,
SCLNLC, LED)
VID
-0.3 to VCC+0.3
V
VIA
VOTP
ESD
TOP
TJ
Input voltage at analog pins (IIP1, IIN1, IIP2, IIN2, VIP, VIN)
Input voltage at OTP pin
-0.7 to 0.7
-0.3 to 25
3.5
V
V
Human body model (all pins)
Operating ambient temperature
Junction temperature
kV
°C
°C
°C
-40 to 85
-40 to 150
-55 to 150
TSTG
Storage temperature range
Note:
Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may
occur. Functional operation under these condition is not implied
Table 3.
Symbol
RthJA
Thermal Data
Parameter
Value
Unit
Thermal resistance junction-ambient
114.5 (1)
°C/W
1. This value is referred to single-layer PCB, JEDEC standard test board.
6/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Electrical characteristics
4
Electrical characteristics
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
(VCC =5V, TA= 25°C, 2.2µF between VDDA and VSS, 2.2µF between VDDD and VSS, 2.2µF
between VCC and VSS unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Parameter
Test conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Energy measurement accuracy
fBW
Effective bandwidth
Measurement error
Signal to noise ratio
Limited by digital filtering
5
400
Hz
%
Over the dynamic range (5% to
1000% of the calibration power
value)
Error
SNR
0.1
52
Over the entire bandwidth
db
Voltage signal: 200
mVrms/50Hz Current signal: 10
mVrms/50Hz fCLK= 4.194 MHz
PSRRDC Power supply DC rejection
0.2
0.1
%
%
VCC=3.3V 10%, 5V 10%
Voltage signal: 200
mVrms/50Hz Current signal: 10
mVrms/50Hz fCLK= 4.194 MHz
VCC=3.3V+0.2Vrms1@100Hz
VCC=5.0V+0.2Vrms1@100Hz
PSRRAC Power supply AC rejection
General section
VCC
Operating supply voltage
3.0
5.5
4
V
Supply current configuration
registers cleared or device
locked (TSTD=1)
4 MHz, VCC = 5V
8 MHz, VCC = 5V
3.5
4.7
ICC
mA
6
Increase of supply current per
configuration bit, during
programming
4 MHz, VCC = 5V
4 MHz, VCC = 5V
120
2
∆ICC
µA/bit
Increase of supply current per
configuration bit with device
locked
POR
VDDA
VDDD
Power on reset on VCC
Analog supply voltage
Digital supply voltage
2.5
3.0
V
V
2.85
1.425
4.000
8.000
45
3.15
1.575
4.194
8.192
65
1.50
V
MDIV bit = 0
MDIV bit = 1
MHz
MHz
Hz
V
fCLK
Oscillator clock frequency
fLINE
VOTP
Nominal line frequency
OTP programming voltage
14
20
OTP programming current per
bit
IOTP
tOTP
2.5
mA
µs
OTP programming time per bit
100
300
7/43
Electrical characteristics
STPM11/12/13/14
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
(VCC =5V, TA= 25°C, 2.2µF between VDDA and VSS, 2.2µF between VDDD and VSS, 2.2µF
between VCC and VSS unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Parameter
Test conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Current injection latch-up
immunity
ILATCH
300
mA
Analog Inputs (IIP1, IIN1, IIP2, IIN2, VIP, VIN)
Voltage channel
-0.3
0.3
V
V
Gain 8X
-0.15
-0.075
-0.05
-0.035
0.15
VMAX
Maximum input signal levels
Gain 16X
Gain 24X
Gain 32X
0.075
0.05
Current
channels
0.035
fADC
fSPL
A/D Converter bandwidth
A/D Sampling frequency
Amplifier offset
10
KHz
Hz
FCLK/4
VOFF
20
mV
Over the total operating voltage
range
ZIP
ZIN
VIP, VIN Impedance
100
400
KΩ
KΩ
VIP1, VIN1, VIP2, VIN2
Impedance
Over the total operating voltage
range
100
10
GERR Current channels gain error
%
IILV
Voltage channel leakage current
Current channel leakage current
-1
-1
1
1
µA
Channel disabled (PST=0 to 3;
CH2 disabled if CSEL=0; CH1
disabled if CSEL=1) or device off
ILEAK
µA
Input enabled
-10
10
Digital I/O Characteristics (SDA-TD, CLKIN, CLKOUT, SCS, SYN-NP, LED)
SDA-TD, SCS, SYN-NP, LED
0.75VCC
1.5
VIH
VIL
Input high voltage
Input low voltage
V
V
CLKIN
SDA-TD, SCS, SYN-NP, LED
CLKIN
0.25VCC
0.8
VOH
VOL
IUP
Output high voltage
Output low voltage
Pull up current
IO = -2mA
VCC-0.4
V
V
IO = +2mA
0.4
15
10
µA
ns
tTR
Transition time
CLOAD = 50pF
Power I/O Characteristics (MOP, MON)
VOH
VOL
tTR
Output high voltage
Output low voltage
Transition time
IO = -14mA
VCC-0.5
V
V
IO = +14mA
CLOAD = 50pF
0.5
5
10
ns
8/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Electrical characteristics
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
(VCC =5V, TA= 25°C, 2.2µF between VDDA and VSS, 2.2µF between VDDD and VSS, 2.2µF
between VCC and VSS unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Parameter
Test conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Crystal oscillator (STPM12/14)
II
Input current on CLKIN
External resistor
1
4
µA
MΩ
pF
RP
CP
1
External capacitors
22
4
8
4.194
8.192
fCLK
Nominal output frequency
MHz
RC Oscillator (STPM11/13)
ICLKIN Settling current
40
60
µA
kΩ
ns
RSET
tJIT
Settling resistor
Frequency jitter
f
CLK= 4 MHz
12
1
On chip reference voltage
Reference voltage
VREF
1.23
1
V
Reference accuracy
%
ppm/°
C
TC
Temperature coefficient
After calibration
30
50
Configuration interface timing
FSCLKw Data write speed
100
KHz
ns
ns
s
tDS
tDH
Data setup time
Data hold time
20
0
tSYN
SYN-NP active width
2/fCLK
Table 5.
Typical external components
Function
Component
Parameter
Value
Tolerance
Unit
R to R ratio VRMS=230V
R to R ratio VRMS=110V
1650
830
0.2
30
1%
1%
Line voltage
interface
Resistor divider
Current shunt
V/V
5%
Line current
interface
Current transformer Current to voltage conversion ratio
Rogowsky coil
12%
12%
mV/A
3
9/43
Terminology
STPM11/12/13/14
5
Terminology
5.1
Measurement error
The error associated with the energy measured by STPM1X is defined as:
Percentage Error = [STPM1X (reading) - True Energy] / True Energy
5.2
ADC Offset error
This is the error due to the DC component associated with the analog inputs of the A/D
converters. Due to the internal automatic DC offset cancellation, the STPM1X measurement
is not affected by DC components in voltage and current channel. The DC offset
cancellation is implemented in the DSP.
5.3
5.4
Gain error
The gain error is gain due to the signal channel gain amplifiers. This is the difference
between the measured ADC code and the ideal output code. The difference is expressed as
a percentage of the ideal code.
Power supply DC and AC rejection
This parameter quantifies the STPM1X measurement error as a percentage of the reading
when the power supplies are varied. For the PSRRAC measurement, a reading at two
nominal supply voltages (3.3 and 5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same
input signal levels when an ac (200 mVRMS/100 Hz) signal is introduced onto the supply
voltages. Any error introduced by this ac signal is expressed as a percentage of reading.
For the PSRRDC measurement, a reading at two nominal supply voltages (3.3 and 5V) is
taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when the supplies are
varied 10%. Any error introduced is again expressed as a percentage of the reading.
5.5
Conventions
The lowest analog and digital power supply voltage is named VSS which represents the
system Ground (GND). All voltage specifications for digital input/output pins are referred to
GND.
Positive currents flow into a pin. Sinking current means that the current is flowing into the pin
and is positive. Sourcing current means that the current is flowing out of the pin and is
negative.
The timing specifications of the signal treated by digital control are relative to CLKOUT. This
signal is provided by from the crystal oscillator of 4.194MHz nominal frequency or by the
internal RC oscillator. An external source of 4.194MHz or 8.192MHz can be used.
The timing specifications of signals of the CFGI interface are relative to the SCL-NLC, there
is no direct relationship between the clock (SCL-NLC) of the CFGI interface and the clock of
the DSP block.
A positive logic convention is used in all equations.
10/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Typical performance characteristics
6
Typical performance characteristics
Figure 3.
Supply current vs supply voltage, Figure 4.
TA=25°C
RC Oscillator frequency vs VCC,
R=12kΩ, TA=25°C
Figure 5.
RC Oscillator: Frequency jitter vs
temperature
Figure 6.
Analog voltage regulator: Line -
load regulation
Figure 7.
Digital voltage regulator: Line - load Figure 8.
regulation
Voltage channel linearity at
different VCC voltages
11/43
Typical performance characteristics
STPM11/12/13/14
Figure 9.
Power supply AC rejection vs VCC Figure 10. Power supply DC rejection vs VCC
Figure 11. Error over dynamic range gain
dependence
Figure 12. Primary current channel linearity at
different VCC
Figure 13. Gain response of ∆Σ AD Converters Figure 14. Clock frequency vs external
resistor
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
CRC=0
CRC=1
CRC=2
5
10
15
20
R [kΩ]
12/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
7
Theory of operation
7.1
General operation
The STPM1X is able to perform active energy measurement (wide band or fundamental) in
single-phase energy meter systems.
Due to the proprietary energy computation algorithm, STPM1X active energy is not affected
by any ripple at twice the line frequency. The calibration is very easy and fast allowing
calibration in only one point over the whole current range which allows saving time during
the calibration phase of the meter. The calibration parameters are permanently stored in the
OTP (one time programmable) cells, preventing calibration tampering.
Several functions are programmable using internal configuration bits accessible through the
configuration interface. The most important configuration bits are two configuration bits
called PST that allow the selection of the sensor and the gain of the input amplifiers.
The STPM1X is able to directly drive a stepper motor with the MOP and MON pins, and
provides information on tamper, no-load and negative power.
Two kinds of active energy can be selected to be brought to the LED pin: the total active
energy that includes all harmonic content up to 50th harmonic and the active energy limited
to the 1st harmonic. This last energy value is obtained by filtering the wide band active
energy.
7.2
Analog inputs
Input amplifiers
The STPM1X has one fully differential voltage input channel and one (STPM11/12) or two
(STPM13/14) fully differential current input channels.
The voltage channel consists of a differential amplifier with a gain of 4. The maximum
differential input voltage for the voltage channel is 0.3V.
In STPM13/14, the two current channels are multiplexed (see tamper section for details) to
provide a single input to a preamplifier with a gain of 4. The output of this preamplifier is
connected to the input of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with possible gain selections
of 2,4,6,8. The total gain of the current channels will be then 8, 16, 24, 32. The gain
selections are made by writing to the gain configuration bits PST and it can be different for
the two current channels. The maximum differential input voltage is dependent on the
selected gain according to the Table 6.:
Table 6.
Voltage channel
Voltage channels
Max Input voltage (V)
Current channels
Max input voltage (V)
Gain
Gain
8X
0.15
0.075
0.05
16X
24X
32X
4
0.30
0.035
13/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
The Table 7. and Table 8.: below show the gain values according to the configuration bits:
Table 7.
Configuration of current sensors
STPM11/12
Current channel
Configuration Bits
Gain
Sensor
PST (2bits)
ADDG (1 bit)
8
0
0
1
1
2
3
0
1
0
1
x
x
16
24
32
8
Rogowsky Coil
CT
32
Shunt
Table 8.
Configuration of current sensors
STPM13/14
Primary
Secondary
Sensor
Configuration Bits
Gain
Sensor
Gain
PST (2bits)
ADDG (1 bit)
8
8
0
0
1
1
2
3
0
1
0
1
x
x
16
24
32
8
16
24
32
8
Rogowsky Coil
Rogowsky Coil
CT
CT
32
32
Shunt
Both the voltage and current channels implement an active offset correction architecture
which has the benefit of avoiding any offset compensation.
The analog voltage and current signals are processed by the ∑∆ Analog to digital converters
that feed the hardwired DSP. The DSP implements an automatic digital offset cancellation
that makes possible avoiding any manual offset calibration on the analog inputs.
7.3
∑∆ A/D Converters
The analog to digital conversion in the STPM1X is carried out using two first order ∑∆
converters. The device performs A/D conversions of analog signals on two independent
channels in parallel. In STPM13/14, the current channel is multiplexed as primary or
secondary current channel in order to be able to perform a tamper function. The converted
∑∆ signals are supplied to the internal hardwired DSP unit, which filters and integrates
those signals in order to boost the resolution and to yield all the necessary signals for
computations.
14/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
A ∑∆ modulator converts the input signal into a continuous serial stream of 1s and 0s at a
rate determined by the sampling clock. In the STPM1X, the sampling clock is equal to
fCLK/4. The 1-bit DAC in the feedback loop is driven by the serial data stream. The DAC
output is subtracted from the input signal. If the loop gain is high enough, the average value
of the DAC output (and therefore the bit stream) can approach that of the input signal level.
When a large number of samples are averaged, a very precise value of the analog signal is
obtained. This averaging is carried out in the DSP section which implements decimation,
integration and DC offset cancellation of the supplied ∑∆ signals. The gain of the decimation
filters is 1.004 for the voltage channel and 0.502 for the current channel. The resulting signal
has a resolution of 11bits for voltage channel and 16 bits for current channel.
Figure 15. First order ∑∆ A/D Converter
fCLK/4
Integrator
Output digital signal
+
Σ
∫
Input analog signal
-
DAC
7.4
Period and line voltage measurement
The period module measures the period of base frequency of voltage channel and checks if
the voltage signal frequency is in the band from fCLK/217 to fCLK/215. An internal signal is
produced at every positive peak of the line voltage. If the counted number of pulses between
two trailing edges of this signal is higher than the fCLK/217 Hz equivalent pulses or if the
counting is stopped (internal signal is not available), it means that the base frequency is
lower than fCLK/217 Hz and an internal error flag BFR (Base Frequency Range) is set.
If the counted number of pulses within one line period is higher than the fCLK/215 equivalent
pulses, the base frequency exceeds the limit. In this case, such error must be repeated
three times in a row, in order to set the error flag BFR.
The BFR flag is also set if the value of the RMS voltage drops below a certain value (BFR-
on) and it is cleared when the RMS voltage goes above BFR-off threshold. The table below
shows the equivalent RMS voltage on the VIP/VIN pins according to the value of the voltage
channel calibrator.
15/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
The BFR flag is also set if the RMS voltage across VIP-VIN drops below a threshold value
calculated with the following formula:
64
VIRMS−BFR
=
6703⋅ KV
(CT/Shunt)
64
VIRMS−BFR
=
6687⋅ KV
(Rogowsky)
Where KV is the voltage calibrator value ranging from 0.875 to 1.000.
The BFR flag is cleared when the VIRMS value goes above twice VIRMS-BFR. When the BFR
error is set, the computation of power is suspended and MOP, MON and LED will be held
low.
Table 9.
RMS voltage check
BFR-on
BFR-off
Rogowsky
CT-Shunt
0.009571/Kv
0.0078/Kv
0.019142/Kv
0.0156/Kv
7.5
Single wire meter mode (STPM13/14 with Rogowsky coil
sensor)
STPM1X supports the Single Wire Meter (SWM) operation when working with Rogowsky
Coil current sensors. In SWM mode there is no available voltage information in the voltage
channel. It is possible that someone has disconnected one wire (live or neutral) of the meter
for tampering purposes or in case the line voltage is very stable, it is possible to use a
predefined value for computing the energy without sensing it.
In order to enable the SWM mode, the STPM1X must be configured with PST values of 0 or
1. In this way, if the BFR error is detected, STPM1X enters in SWM. If BFR is cleared, the
energy calculation is performed normally. When BFR is set (no voltage information is
available), the energy computation is carried out using a nominal voltage value according to
the NOM configuration bits.
Since there is no information on the phase shift between voltage and current, the apparent
rather than active power is used for tamper and energy computation. The calculated
apparent energy will be the product between IRMS (effectively measured) and an equivalent
V
RMS that can be calculated as follows:
V
RMS=VPK*KNOM, where VPK represents the maximum line voltage reading of the
STPM1X and KNOM is a coefficient that changes according to Table 10.:
16/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
Table 10. Nominal voltage values
NOM
KNOM
0
1
2
3
0.3594
0.3906
0.4219
0.4531
For example, if R1 = 783kΩ and R2 = 475Ω are used as resistor divider when the line
voltage is present, the positive voltage present at the input of the voltage channel of
STPM1x is:
R2
VI =
⋅VRMS 2
R1 + R2
since the maximum voltage value applicable to the voltage channel input of STPM1x is
+0.3V, the equivalent maximum line voltage applicable is:
V
PK = R1+R2/R2 • 0.3 = 494.82
considering the case of NOM=2, the correspondent RMS values used for energy
computation is:
V
RMS = VPK • 0.4219 = 208.76 [V]
Usually the supply voltage for the electronic meter is taken from the line voltage. In SWM,
since the line voltage is no longer present, another power source must be used in order to
provide the necessary supply to STPM1x and the other electronic components of the meter.
7.6
Power supply
The main STPM1X supply pin is the VCC pin. From the VCC pin two linear regulators provide
the necessary voltage for the analog part VDDA (3V) and for the digital part VDDD (1.5V). The
V
SS pin represents the reference point for all the internal signals. The 100nF capacitor
should be connected between VCC and VSS, VDDA and VSS, VDDD and VSS. All these
capacitors must be located very close to the device.
The STPM1X contains a Power-On-Reset (POR) detection circuit. If the VCC supply is less
than 2.5V, then the STPM1X goes into an inactive state, all the functions are blocked
asserting and a reset condition is set. This is useful to ensure that the correct device
operation at power-up and during power-down. The power supply monitor has built-in
hysteresis and filtering, which give a high degree of immunity to false triggering due to noisy
supply voltages.
A BandGap voltage reference (VBG) of 1.23V 1% is used as reference voltage level source
for the two linear regulators and for the A/D converters. Also, this module produces several
bias currents and voltages for all other analog modules and for the OTP module. The
bandgap voltage temperature behavior can be changed in order to better compensate the
variation of sensor sensitivity with temperature. This task is performed with the BGTC
configuration bits.
17/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
Figure 16. Bandgap temperature variation
7.7
Load monitoring
The STPM1X include a no-load condition detection circuit with adjustable threshold. This
circuit monitors the voltage and the current channels and, when the measured power is
below the set threshold, the internal signal BIL becomes high. The information about this
signal is also available in the status bit BIL.
The no load condition occurs when the product between VRMS and IRMS input values is
below a given value. This value can be set with the LTCH configuration bits, and it is also
dependent on the selected current gain (Ai) and the calibration registers constant Kp=Kv*Ki.
Four different no-load threshold values can be chosen according to the two configurations
bits LTCH (see Table 11.).
Table 11. No load detection thresholds
Vrms * Irms (input channel voltages)
Vrms * Irms (input channel voltages)
Ct or Shunt (PST>1)
LTCH
Rogowski coil (PST<2)
0
1
2
3
0.004488 / (Ai*Kp)
0.008976 / (Ai*Kp)
0.017952 / (Ai*Kp)
0.035904 / (Ai*Kp)
0.003648 / (Ai*Kp)
0.007296 / (Ai*Kp)
0.014592 / (Ai*Kp)
0.029184 / (Ai*Kp)
When a no-load condition occurs (BIL=1), the integration of power is suspended and the
tamper module is disabled.
If a no-load condition is detected, the BIL signal blocks generation of pulses for stepper and
forces the SCLNLC pin to be low.
18/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
7.8
Error detection
In addition to the no-load condition and the line frequency band, the integration of power can
be suspended also due to detected error on the source signals.
There are two kinds of error detection circuits involved. The first checks all the ∑∆ signals
from the analog part if any are stacked at 1 or 0 within the 1/128 of fCLK period of
observation. In case of detected error the corresponding ∑∆ signal is replaced with an idle ∑
∆ signal, which represents a constant value 0.
Another error, condition occurs if the MOP, MON and LED pin outputs signals are different
from the internal signals that drive them. This can occur if some of this pin is forced to GND
or to some other imposed voltage value.
7.9
Tamper detection module (STPM13/14 only)
The STPM13/14 is able to measure the current in both live and neutral wires. This
mechanism has been adapted to implement an anti-tamper function. If this function is
selected (see Table 8.:), the live and neutral wire currents are monitored. When a difference
between the two measurements is detected, the STPM13/14 enters the Tamper State.
When there is a very small difference between the two channels, the STPM13/14 is in
Normal state.
In particular, both channels are not constantly observed. A time multiplex mechanism is
used. During the observation time of the selected channel, its active energy is calculated.
The detection of a tamper condition occurs when the absolute value of the difference
between the two active energy values is greater than a certain percentage of the averaged
energy during the activated tamper module. This percentage value can be selected between
two different values (12.5% and 6.25%) according to the value of the configuration bit CRIT.
The tamper condition will be detected when the following formula is satisfied:
EnergyCH1 - EnergyCH2 > KCRIT (EnergyCH1 + EnergyCH2)/2; where KCRIT can be 12.5%
or 6.25%.
The detection threshold is much higher than the accuracy difference of the current
channels, which should be less than 0.1%. Some margin should be left for a possible
transition effect, due to accidental synchronism between the actual load current change and
the rhythm of taking the energy samples.
The tamper circuit works if the energies associated with the two current channels will be
both positive or both negative. If the two energies have different signs, the tamper remains
on constantly. However, the channel with the associated higher power is selected for the
final computation of energy.
In single wire mode, the Apparent energy rather than active is used for Tamper detection.
Detailed operational description
Normal state
The meter is initially set to normal state, i.e. tamper not detected. In such state, we expect
that the values of both load currents should not differ more than the accuracy difference of
the channels. For this reason, we can use an average value of currents of both channels for
the active energy calculation. The average is implemented with the multiplex ratio of 32:32
periods of line per channel. This means that for 32 periods of line voltage, i.e. 640ms at
50Hz, the current of the primary channel is used for the calculation followed by another 32
19/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
periods of line voltage when the current of secondary channel is used instead. Four periods
before the primary to secondary switching point, a tamper detection module is activated. It is
deactivated after eight periods of line have elapsed. This means that energy of four periods
of primary channel immediately followed by energy of four periods of secondary channel is
sampled within the tamper module. We shall call those samples A and B respectively. From
these two samples the criteria of tamper detection is calculated. If four consecutive new
results of criteria happen, i.e. after elapsed 5.12s at 50Hz, the meter will enter into Tamper
State
Tamper State
Within this state the multiplex ratio will change either to 60:4, when primary current is higher
than secondary, or to 4:60 otherwise. Thus, the channel with the higher current is used in
the energy calculation. The energy is not averaged by the mentioned ratio, rather the last
measured higher current is used also during 4 line period gap. The gap is still needed in
order to monitor the samples of the non-selected channel, which should check when the
tamper detected state is changed to either normal or another tamper detected state.
Several cases of transition of the state are shown in the Figure 17. - below
Figure 17. Tamper conditions
The detected tamper condition is stored in the BIT signal. This signal is connected to the
SDA-TD pin. When this pin is low, a tamper condition has been detected.
20/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
When internal signals are not good enough to perform the computation, i.e. line period is out
or range or ∑∆ signals from the analog part are stacked at high or low logic level, or no load
condition is activated, the tamper module is disabled and its state is preset to normal.
7.10
Phase compensation
The STPM1X is does not introduce any phase shift between voltage and current channels.
However, the voltage and current signals come from transducers, which could have inherent
phase errors. For example, a phase error of 0.1° to 0.3° is not uncommon for a current
transformer (CT). These phase errors can vary from part to part, and they must be corrected
in order to perform accurate power calculations. The errors associated with phase mismatch
are particularly noticeable at low power factors. The STPM1x provide a means of digitally
calibrating these small phase errors through a introducing delays on the voltage or current
signal. The amount of phase compensation can be set using the 4 bits of the phase
calibration register (CPH).
The default value of this register is at a value of 0 which gives 0° phase compensation. A
CPH value of 15 (1111) introduces a phase compensation of +0.576°. This compensates
the phase shift usually introduced by the current sensor, while the voltage sensor, normally
a resistor divider, does not introduce any delay. The resolution step of the phase
compensation is 0.038°.
7.11
Clock generator
All the internal timing of the STPM1X is based on the CLKOUT signal. This signal is
generated by different circuits according to the STPM1x version.
STPM11/13: Internal RC Oscillator. A resistor connected between CLKIN and Ground
will set the RC current. For 4Mhz operation the suggested settling resistor is 12kΩ; The
oscillator frequency can be compensated using the CRC configuration bit (see Table 13
an Figure 14.)
STPM12/14: Quartz Oscillator. The oscillator circuit is designed to support an external
crystal. The suggested circuit is depicted in Figure 18.. These versions support also an
external oscillator signal source that must be connected to the CLKOUT pin.
The clock generator is powered from analog supply and is responsible for two tasks. The
first one is to retard the turn-on of some function blocks after POR in order to help smooth
start of external power supply circuitry by keeping all major loads off.
The second task of the clock generator is to provide all necessary clocks for analog and
digital parts. Within this task, the MDIV configuration bit is used to inform the device about
the nominal frequency value of CLKOUT. The suggested operation frequency range is from
4.000MHz to 4.194MHz.
21/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
Figure 18. Different oscillator circuits (a); (b); (c)
STPM12/14 with quartz
STPM11/13
STPM12/14 with external source
7.12
Resetting the STPM1X
The STPM1X has no reset pin. The device is automatically reset by the POR circuit when
the VCC crosses the 2.5V value. When the reset occurs, all clocks and both DC buffers in the
analog part are kept off for about 30ms and all blocks of the digital part are held in a reset
state for about 125ms after a reset condition.
Resetting the STPM1X causes all the functional modules of STPM1X to be cleared
including the OTP shadow latches (see 7.15 for OTP shadow latches description)
7.13
Energy to frequency conversion
The STPM1X provides energy to frequency conversion both for calibration and energy
readout purposes. In fact, one convenient way to verify the meter calibration is to provide a
pulse train signal with 50% duty cycle whose frequency signal is proportional to the active
energy under steady load conditions. It is convenient to have high frequency pulses during
calibration phase and low frequency for readout purposes; STPM1X supports both cases.
Let's suppose to choose a certain number of pulses on the LED pin (high frequency) that will
corresponds to 1kWh. We will name this value as P.
The Active Energy frequency-based signal is available in the LED pin. The LED is driven
from internal signal AW (Active Energy) whose frequency is proportional to the active
energy. The desired P is achieved acting on the digital calibrators during the calibration
procedure.
The APL configuration bit changes the internal divider that provides the signal on the LED
pin according to Table 11., setting APL=1 the number of pulses are reduced in order to
provide low frequency pulses for readout purposes. The division factor is set according to
KMOT configuration bits. In this case the pulses will have a fixed width of 31.25 ms.
22/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
Table 12. Different settings for led signal
KMOT (2 Bits)
APL=0
Pulses
APL=1
Pulses
0
1
2
3
P/64
P/128
P/32
P
P/256
Due to the innovative and proprietary power calculation algorithm, the frequency signal is
not affected by any ripple at twice the line frequency. This feature strongly reduces the
calibration time of the meter.
7.14
Driving a stepper motor
The STPM1X is able to directly drive a stepper motor. An internal divider (mono-flop and
decoder) generates stepper driving signals MA and MB from signal AW. The MA and MB
signals are brought to the MOP and MON pins that are able to drive the stepper motor.
Several kinds of selections are possible for the driving signals according to the configuration
bits LVS and KMOT.
The numbers of pulses per kWh (PM) in the MOP and MON outputs are linked with the
number of pulses of the LED P (see previous paragraph - 7.13) pin with the following
relationship.
Table 13. Configuration of Mop and Mon Pins
LVS (1 Bit)
KMOT (2 Bits)
Pulses length
PM
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
31.25 ms
31.25 ms
31.25 ms
31.25 ms
156.25 ms
156.25 ms
156.25 ms
156.25 ms
P/64
P/128
P/32
P/256
P/640
P/1280
P/320
P/2560
The mono-flop limits the length of the pulses according to the LVS bit value.
The decoder distributes the pulses to MA and MB alternatively, which means that each of
them has only one half of selected frequency.
In case of detected negative power the behavior of MOP and MON depends on the ABS
configuration bit status. If this bit is set, the negative power is computed as it was positive
(absolute value), and the MOP and MON signals maintain the pulse sequence in order to
keep the forward rotation direction of the motor. If ABS is zero, negative power is computed
with its own sign, and the MOP and MON signals invert their logic state in order to make the
backward rotation direction of the motor. See the diagram below.
23/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
Figure 19. Positive energy or absolute computation energy (ABS=1) stepper driving signals
Hi
MON
Lo
Hi
MOP
Lo
Figure 20. Negative energy stepper driving signals
Hi
MON
Lo
Hi
MOP
Lo
When a no-load condition is detected MOP and MON are held low.
7.15
Configuring the STPM1X
All the configuration bits that control the operation of the device can be written temporarily or
permanently. For temporary writing, the configuration bits value are written in the Shadow
Registers which are simple latches that hold the configuration data. For permanent writing,
the configuration bits are stored in the OTP (one time programmable) cells that keep the
information for an undefined period of time even if the STPM1X is without supply, but, once
written, they cannot be changed. The temporary writing is useful mainly during testing of the
device or during the calibration phase. All the configuration parameters can be changed an
infinite number of times in order to test the device operation.
The shadow registers are cleared whenever a reset condition occurs.
The configuration bits are different for STPM11/12 and for STPM13/14 due to the presence
of the Tamper module. Each of them consists of paired elements, one is latch (the OTP
shadow), and one is the OTP anti-fuse element. When the STPM1X is released in the
market, all anti-fuses represent logic low state but they can be written by the user in order to
configure the STPM1X. This means that STPM1X can retain these bits of information even if
it has been unsupplied for an undefined time. That's why the CFG signals are used to keep
certain configuration and calibration values of the device.
24/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
The very first CFG bit, called TSTD, is used to disable any change of system signals after it
has been permanently set. During the configuration phase, each bit set to logic level 1
increases the supply current of STPM01 of about 120 µA, until the TSTD bit is set to 1. The
residual increase of supply current is 2µA per each bit set to 1. It is then recommended to
set the TSTD bit to 1 after the configuration procedure in order to keep the supply current as
low as possible.
The STPM1X can work either using the data stored in the OTP cells or the data available in
the shadow latches. This can be chosen according to the value RD Mode signal (see
paragraph 7.16 for description). If the RD is set, the CFG bits originates from corresponding
OTP shadow latches. If the RD is cleared, the CFG bits originates from corresponding OTP
anti-fuses. In this way, it is possible to temporarily set up certain configurations or
calibrations of the device then verify and change, if necessary. This exercise is extensively
used during production tests.
Each configuration bit can be written sending a byte command to STPM1X through its
configuration interface. The procedure to write the configuration bits is described in the
Configuration Interface section (7.17).
After the TSTD bit has been set, no other command can be sent to the STPM1X. This
implies that the shadow latches latches can no longer be used as source of configuration
data.
Table 14. Configuration bits map
Address
N. of
bits
Name
DESCRIPTION (1)
6-BIT
Binary
DEC
Test mode and OTP write disable:
000000
0
TSTD
MDIV
1
1
- TSTD=0: testing and continuous pre-charge of OTP when in read mode,
- TSTD=1:normal operation and no more writes to OTP
Measurement frequency range selection:
- MDIV=0: 4.000MHz to 4.194MHz,
- MDIV=1: 8.000MHz to 8.192MHz
000001
1
LED pin frequency output:
- APL=0: P
- APL=1:
000011
000101
3
5
APL
1
KMOT=0 →P/10
KMOT=1 →P/20
KMOT=2 →P/5
KMOT=3 →P/40
Current channel sensor type, gain and tamper selection:
STPM11/12
- PST=0: primary is Rogowsky coil x8 (x16 if ADDG=1)
- PST=1: primary is Rogowsky coil x24 (x32 if ADDG=1),
- PST=2: primary is CT x8,
- PST=3: primary is shunt x32,
PST
2
STPM13/14
000110
6 (1)
- PST=0: primary is Rogowsky coil x8 (x16 if ADDG=1), secondary is
Rogowsky coil x8 (x16 if ADDG=1),
- PST=1: primary is Rogowsky coil x24 (x32 if ADDG=1), secondary is
Rogowsky coil x24 (x32 if ADDG=1),
- PST=2: primary is CT x8, secondary is CT x8
- PST=3: primary is CT x8, secondary is shunt x32
25/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
Table 14. Configuration bits map
Address
N. of
bits
Name
DESCRIPTION (1)
6-BIT
Binary
DEC
This bit swaps the energy type between fundamental or wide band.
- FUND=0: wide band active energy up to 50th harmonic;
- FUND=1: fundamental active energy
001010
10
FUND
ABS
1
1
Power accumulation type selection:
- ABS=0: signed accumulation,
- ABS=1: absolute accumulation
001011
001100
11
12
No-load condition constant:
LTCH=0 →800
LTCH
2
LTCH=1 →1600
001101 13 (1)
LTCH=2 →3200
LTCH=3 →6400
Constant of stepper pulses/kWh (see par. 7.14) selection:
If LVS=0,
KMOT=0 →P/64
KMOT=1 →P/128
KMOT=2 →P/32
KMOT=3 →P/256
001110
14
KMOT
2
If LVS=1,
KMOT=0 →P/640
KMOT=1 →P/1280
KMOT=2 →P/320
KMOT=3 →P/2560
001111 15 (1)
010010
18
BGTC
CPH
2
4
Bandgap temperature compensation bits. See Figure 16. for details.
010011 19 (1)
010100
010101
010110
20
21
22
4-bit unsigned data for compensation of phase error, 0°+0.576°
16 values are possible with a compensation step of 0.0384°. When CPH=0
the compensation is 0°, when CPH=15 the compensation is 0.576°.
010111 23 (1)
011000
011001
011010
011011
011100
011101
011110
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
8-bit unsigned data for voltage channel calibration.
256 values are possible. When CHV is 0 the calibrator is at -12.5% of the
nominal value. When CHV is 255 the calibrator is at +12.5%. The calibration
step is then 0.098%.
CHV
8
011111 31 (1)
26/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
Table 14. Configuration bits map
Address
N. of
bits
Name
DESCRIPTION (1)
6-BIT
Binary
DEC
100000
100001
100010
100011
100100
100101
100110
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
8-bit unsigned data for primary current channel calibration.
256 values are possible. When CHP is 0 the calibrator is at -12.5% of the
nominal value. When CHP is 255 the calibrator is at +12.5%. The calibration
step is then 0.098%.
CHP
8
100111 39 (1)
101000
101001
101010
101011
101100
101101
101110
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
STPM13/14 only
8-bit unsigned data for secondary current channel calibration.
256 values are possible. When CHS is 0 the calibrator is at -12.5% of the
nominal value. When CHS is 255 the calibrator is at +12.5%. The calibration
step is then 0.098%.
CHS
8
101111 47 (1)
110000 48
STPM11/13 only
2-bit unsigned data for calibration of RC oscillator. (see Typical characteristics
in)
CRC
2
110001 49 (1)
CRC=0, or CRC=3 cal=0%
CRC=1, cal=+10%;
CRC=2, cal=-10%
110010
50
2-bit modifier of nominal voltage for Single Wire Meter.
NOM=0: KNOM=0.3594 / NOM=1: KNOM=0.3906 / NOM=2: KNOM=0.4219 /
NOM=3: KNOM=0.4531
NOM
ADDG
CRIT
LVS
2
1
1
1
110011 51 (1)
Selection of additional gain on current channels:
ADDG=0: Gain+=0 / ADDG=1: Gain+=8
110100
110101
110110
52
53
54
STPM13/14 only
Selection of tamper threshold:
CRIT =0: 12,5% / CRIT =1: 6,25%
Type of stepper selection:
LVS=0: pulse width 31.25 ms, 5V, / LVS=1: pulse width, 156.25 ms, 3V
1. IMPORTANT: This Bit represents the MSB of the decimal value indicated in the description column.
27/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
7.16
Mode signals
The STPM1X includes four Mode signals. These signals change some of the operation of
the STPM1X. The mode signals are not retained when the STPM1X supply is not available
and then they are cleared when a POR occurs.
The mode signals bit can be written using the normal writing procedure of the CFGI
interface (see CFGI par. 7.17)
Table 15. Mode signals description
Signal
Name
Bit
Value
Binary
Command
Hex
Command
Status
0
1
MOP and MON operate normally
0111000x
1111000x
70 or 71
F0 or F1
PUMP
MOP and MON provide the driving signals to implement a
charge-pump DC-DC converter
0
1
0
1
Current Channel 1 selected when tamper is disabled
Channel 2 selected when tamper is disabled
0111100x
1111100x
0111101x
1111101x
78 or 79
F8 or F9
7A or 7B
FA or FB
CSEL
RD
The 56 Configuration bits originated by OTP anti-fuses
The 56 Configuration bits originated by shadow latches
Any writing in the configuration bits is recorded in the shadow
latches
0
1
0111110x
1111110x
7C or 7D
FC or FD
WE
Any writing in the configuration bits is recorded both in the
shadow latches and in the OTP anti-fuse elements
– RD mode signal has been already described in par. 7.15 (configuring the STPM1X),
but there is another implied function of the signal RD. When it is set, each sense
amplifier is disconnected from corresponding anti-fuse element and this way, its 3V
NMOS gate is protected from the high voltage of VOTP during permanent write
operation. This means that as long as the VOTP voltage reads more than 3V, the
signal RD should be set.
– PUMP. When set, the PUMP mode signal transforms the MOP and MON pins to act
as driving signals to implement a charge-pump DC-DC converter (see Figure 23.).
This feature is useful in order to boost the VCC supply voltage of the STPM1X to
generate the VOTP voltage (14V to 20V) needed to program the OTP anti-fuse
elements.
– CSEL (STPM13/14 only). Under normal operating conditions, if anti-tamper module is
not activated (see PST configuration bits) the STPM1X will selects channel 1 as the
source of current information. For debug or calibration purposes, it is possible to
select channel 2 as source of current channel signal when the tamper module is
disabled. This is done by setting CSEL mode bit.
– WE (write Enable): This mode signal is used to permanently write to the OTP anti-
fuse element. When this bit is not set, any writing to the configuration bit is recorded
in the shadow latches. When this bit is set, the writing is recorded both in the shadow
latch and in the OTP anti-fuse element.
28/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Theory of operation
7.17
CFGI: Configuration interface
The CFGI interface supports a simple serial protocol, which is implemented in order to
enable the configuration of STPM1x which allows writing the Mode bits and the
configuration bits (temporarily or permanently);
Four pins of the device are dedicated to this purpose: SCS, SYN-NP, SCLNCN, SDATD.
SCS, SYN-NP, SCL-NLC and SDATD are all input pins. A high level signal for these pins
means a voltage level higher than 0.75xVCC, while a low level signal means a voltage value
lower than 0.25xVCC
.
The condition in which SCS, SYN-NP and SCL-NLC inputs are set to high level determines
the idle state of the CFGI interface and no data transfer occurs.
– SCS: in the STPM1X, the SYN-NP, SCL-NLC and SDA-TD have the dual task to
provide information on the meter status (see Pin Description table) and to allow CFGI
communication. The SCS pin allows using the above pins for CFGI communication
when it is low and allows the normal operation of SYN-NP, SCL-NLC and SDA-TD
when it is high. In this section, the SYN-NP, SCL-NLC and SDA-TD operation as part
of the CFGI interface is described.
– SYN-NP: this pin allows synchronization of the communication between STPM1x and
the host. See Figure 19. - for detailed timing of the pin.
– SCL-NLC: it is basically the clock pin of the CFGI interface. This pin function is also
controlled by the SCS status. If SCS is low, SCL-NLC is the input of the serial bit
synchronization clock signal. When SCS is high, SCL-NLC is also high which
determines the idle state of the CFGI.
– SDA-TD is the Data pin. SDA-TD is the input of the serial bit data signal.
Any pin above has internal weak pull up device of nominal 15 A. This means that when a pin
is not forced by external signals, the state of the pin is logic high. A high state of any input
pin above is considered as an idle (not active) state. For the CFGI to operate correctly, the
STPM1X must be correctly supplied as described in the Power Supply section. When SCS
is active (low), signal SDA-TD should change its state at trailing edge of signal SCL-NLC
and the signal SDA-TD should be stable at the next leading edge of signal SCL-NLC. The
first valid bit of SDA-TD always starts with the activation of signal SCL-NLC.
Writing procedure
Each writable bit (Configuration and Mode bits) has its own 6-bit absolute address. For the
configuration bits, the 6-bit address value corresponds to its decimal value, while for the
mode bits, the addresses are the ones indicated in the Mode Signal paragraph (7.16).
In order to change the latch state, a byte of data must be sent to STPM1X via CFGI. This
byte consists of 1-bit data to be latched (msb), followed by 6-bit address of destination latch,
followed by 1-bit don't care data (lsb) which totals 8 bits of command byte.
For example, if we would like to set the configuration bit 52 (additional gain of 8) to 1, we
must convert the decimal 52 to its 6-bit binary value: 110100. The byte command will be
then composed like this:
1 bit DATA value+6-bits address+1 bit (0 or 1) as depicted in Figure 19. -. In this case the
binary command will be 11101000 (0xE8) or 11101001 (0xE9).
29/43
Theory of operation
STPM11/12/13/14
Figure 21. Timing for writing configuration and mode bits
t1 →t2 (>30ns): CFGI out of idle state
t2 →t3 (>30ns): CFGI enabled for write operation
t3: data value is placed in SDA
t4: SDA value is stable and shifted into the device
t3 →t5 (>10µs): writing Clock period
t3 →t5: 1 bit Data value
t5 →t6: 6 bits address of the destination latch
t6 →t7: 1 bit EXE command
t8: end of CFGI writing
t9: CFGI enters idle state
The same procedure should be applied for the mode signals, but in this case the 6-bits
address must be taken from the Table 14..
The lsb of command is also called EXE bit because instead of data bit value, the
corresponding serial clock pulse is used to generate the necessary latching signal. In this
way the writing mechanism does not need the measurement clock in order to operate, which
makes the operation of CFGI module of STPM1X completely independent from the rest of
the device logic except from the signal POR.
Commands for changing system signals should be sent during active signals SCS and SYN-
NP as it is shown in the Figure 19. -. A string of commands can be send within one period of
active signals SCS and SYN-NP.
30/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Permanent writing of the CFG bits
Theory of operation
In order to make a permanent set of some CFG bits, use the following procedure:
1. collect all addresses of CFG bits to be permanently set into a list;
2. clear all OTP shadow latches;
3. set the system signal RD;
4. connect a current source of at least +14V, 1mA to 3mA to VOTP;
5. wait for VOTP voltage to be stable;
6. set one OTP shadow latch from the list;
7. set the system signal WE;
8. wait for 300 s;
9. clear the system signal WE;
10. clear the OTP shadow latch which was set in step 6;
11. until all CFG bits are permanently set as desired, repeat steps 5 to 11;
12. disconnect the current source;
13. wait for VOTP voltage to be less than 3V;
14. clear the system signal RD;
15. verify the correct writing, testing STPM1x operation;
16. if the verification of CFG bits fails, repeat steps 1 to 16.
For steps of set or clear, apply the timing shown in Figure 19. - with proper signal on the
SDA-TD.
In order to create a permanent set of the TSTD bit, which does not result in any more writing
to the Configuration bits, the procedure above must be conducted in such a way that steps 6
to 13 are performed in series during a single period of active SCS. The idle state of SCS
would make the signal TSTD immediately effective which in turn, would abort the procedure
and possibly destroy the device due to clearing of system signal RD. This would result in the
connecting of all gates of 3V NMOS sense amplifiers of already permanently set CFG bits to
the VOTP source.
31/43
Energy calculation algorithm
STPM11/12/13/14
8
Energy calculation algorithm
Inside the STPM1X the computing section of the measured active power uses a completely
new patented signal process approach. This approach allows the device to reach high
performances in terms of accuracy.
The signals, coming from the sensors, for the instantaneous voltage is:
v(t) = V•sin ωt; where V is the peak voltage and ωis related to the line frequency (see[1])
and the instantaneous current is:
i(t) = I • sin (ωt + ϕ); where I is the peak current, ωis related to the line frequency and ϕ is the
phase difference between voltage and current (see[2])
Active power
Figure 22. Active energy computation diagram
In the STPM1X, after the pre-conditioning and the A/D conversion, the digital voltage signal
(which is dynamically more stable with respect to the current signal) is processed by a
differentiate stage which transforms:
v(t) →v’(t) = dv/dt = V ⋅ ω ⋅ cos tω − [Eq. 1 - see (5) in Figure 6]
The result, together with the pre-processed and digitalized current signal:
32/43
STPM11/12/13/14
i(t) = I ⋅ sin(tω+ ϕ); [Eq. 2 - see (6) in Figure 6 - ]
Energy calculation algorithm
can then be used to calculate. These digital signals are also used in two additional steps for
integration, obtaining:
dv/dt →v(t) = V ⋅ sin tω; [Eq. 3 - see (7) in Figure 6.]
I
i(t) ⋅
I(t) = i(t)⋅dt = − ⋅cos(ωt + ϕ)
∫
ω
[Eq. 4 - see (8) in Figure 6]
Now four signals are available. Combining (pairing) them by two multiplication steps two
results are obtained:
dv
V ⋅ I ⋅cosϕ V ⋅ I ⋅cos(2ωt + ϕ)
p (t) = ⋅ i(t)⋅dt = −
−
∫
/
1
dt
2
2
[Eq. 5 - see (9) in Figure 6.]
V ⋅ I ⋅cosϕ V ⋅ I ⋅cos(2ωt + ϕ)
p (t) = v(t)⋅i(t) =
−
/
2
2
2
[Eq. 6 - see (10) in Figure 6.]
After these two operations, another stage another step involves the subtraction of p1 from
p2 and dividing the result by 2, to obtain the active power:
(p (t) − p (t)) V ⋅ I ⋅cosϕ
/
/
2
1
p(t) =
=
2
2
[Eq. 7 - see (11) in Figure 6.]
In this way, the AC part
⎛V ⋅ I ⋅cos(2ωt + ϕ)⎞
⎜
⎝
⎟
⎠
2
has been then removed from the instantaneous power.
In the case of current sensors like "Rogowski coils", which provide the rate of the
instantaneous current signal, the initial voltage signal differentiation stage is switched off. In
this case the signals coming from the A/D conversion and their consequent integrations are:
v(t) = V ⋅ sin (tω); [Eq. 8]
di(t)
i (t) =
′
= −I ⋅ω ⋅cos(ωt + ϕ)
dt
[Eq. 9]
V
V(t) = v(t)⋅dt = − ⋅cosωt
∫
ω
33/43
Energy calculation algorithm
STPM11/12/13/14
[Eq. 10]
[
i (t) = i (t)⋅dt = i(t) = −I ⋅sin(ωt + ϕ)
′′ ∫ ′
[Eq. 11]
The signals process flow is the same as shown in the previous case, and even with the
formulas above, the result is the same.
The absence of any AC component allows a very fast calibration procedure. Averaging the
readings of several line periods is not needed. The active energy measurement is already
stable after one line cycle. Moreover the digital calibration allows saving time and space
compared to the hardware calibration made with resistor strings.
34/43
STPM11/12/13/14
STPM1X Calibration
9
STPM1X Calibration
Energy meters based on STPM1X devices are calibrated on the frequency of the output
pulse signal.
The devices are comprised of two independent meter channels for line voltage and current
respectively. Each channel includes its own digital calibrator, to adjust the voltage and
current signals coming from the sensors in the range of 12.5% in 256 steps. A digital filter
is included to remove any signal DC component.
The devices produce an energy output pulse signal whose frequency is proportional to the
measured active energy.
The devices have an embedded memory, 54 bits, used for configuration and calibration
purposes. The value of these bits can be written temporarily or permanently through CFGI
communication channel.
The basic information needed to start the calibration procedure is found in Table 16. and
Table 17.:
Table 16.
Line RMS voltage
Line RMS current
Power sensitivity
Shunt Sensor
Vn
In
P
(230 V)
(5 A)
(LED: P=128000 pulses/kWh, Stepper Motor: PM=P/64= 2000 pulses/kWh)
0,42 mv/A
Si
The following typical STPM01 parameters and constants are also known:
Table 17.
Reference voltage
Vbg
fM
(1.23 V 2%)
Clock
(223 Hz 50ppm)
(4 1%, (8, 16, 24, 32) 2%))
(0.504008)
Amplification of ADC
Av, Ai
Gp
Gain of voltage and current decimation filters
Calibration data range
Cv, Ci (min = 0, ini = 128, max = 255)
DL
(211
AW Bit position that generates LED signal
)
Av is constant. While, Ai is chosen according to the sensor
Gv and Gi are constant
Cv and Ci are 8bits register (CHV, CHP and CHS)
From the values above and for both the given amplification factor and initial calibration data,
the following target values can be calculated:
Considering that Ci=0 generates a correction of 75% and that Ci=128 determines a
correction factor of 87.5%, and the same for Cv, the total correction for the power stands
within Kp = Kv*Ki = (0.75*0.75)=56.25% and 100%, and Cv=Ci=128 gives a correction
factor of Kp= (0.875*0.875) = 76.5625%
Each calibrator value can be changed from a binary form to a decimal correction form, using
the following formula:
35/43
STPM1X Calibration
Kv=(Cv/128)*0.125 + 0.75 and the same for Ki.
STPM11/12/13/14
Let us choose as initial value Ai=32
Table 18.
Value of Calibrator
Frequency at LED
Voltage divider
Kp = Kv*Ki = 0.765625
f = P*In*Vn/3600000 = 40.8889 Hz
Sv = (F*DL*Vbg2)/(fM*Vn*In*Gv*Gi*Kp*Ai*Av*Si)= 0,6324mV/V
R1=R2*(1000/Sv-1)
Voltage divider resistor
From the target power constant CP of the meter and the actual values of VRMS and IRMS
,
which are applied to the meter under calibration, the error of power measurement can be
calculated:
err = 100(fx/f -1) [%], where fx is the real frequency read at LED output.
Now, a final unit less power reduction factor can be calculated:
pF = (pD - err)/100
This final power reduction factor can be considered as a product of voltage and current
reduction factors which are produced from corresponding calibration constants. So, an
obvious solution to obtain the voltage and current reduction factors is to calculate a common
reduction factor as a square root of pF. This result must fall within the indicated range,
otherwise the device cannot be calibrated:
768 ≤R = 1024 pF + 0.125 < 1024
In order to obtain the corresponding calibration constants, the reduction factor must be
transformed:
CV = CC = R - 768
By using separately the integer and the fractional part of the common reduction a better fit of
calibration constants can be produced. Simply, let's set one of the two calibration registers
(e.g. CV) to the lowest integer value of R, while the other (CC) should be set to the nearest
integer value of R. Examples:
R-768=128.124; in this case set CV=128; set CC=128
R-768=127.755; while in this other one set CV=127; set CC=128.
36/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Schematic
10
Schematic
Figure 23. Charge pump schematic
37/43
Schematic
STPM11/12/13/14
Figure 24. Application schematic
38/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Package mechanical data
11
Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK®
packages. These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The category of
second Level Interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in
compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering
conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
39/43
Package mechanical data
STPM11/12/13/14
TSSOP20 MECHANICAL DATA
mm.
inch
TYP.
DIM.
MIN.
TYP
MAX.
1.2
MIN.
MAX.
0.047
0.006
0.041
0.012
0.0079
0.260
0.260
0.176
A
A1
A2
b
0.05
0.8
0.15
1.05
0.30
0.20
6.6
0.002
0.031
0.007
0.004
0.252
0.244
0.169
0.004
0.039
1
0.19
0.09
6.4
c
D
E
6.5
6.4
0.256
0.252
0.173
6.2
6.6
E1
e
4.3
4.4
4.48
0.65 BSC
0.0256 BSC
K
0˚
8˚
0˚
8˚
L
0.45
0.60
0.75
0.018
0.024
0.030
A2
A
K
L
b
e
A1
E
c
D
E1
PIN 1 IDENTIFICATION
1
0087225C
40/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Package mechanical data
Tape & Reel TSSOP20 MECHANICAL DATA
mm.
TYP
inch
TYP.
DIM.
MIN.
MAX.
330
MIN.
MAX.
12.992
0.519
A
C
12.8
20.2
60
13.2
0.504
0.795
2.362
D
N
T
22.4
7
0.882
0.276
0.280
0.075
0.161
0.476
Ao
Bo
Ko
Po
P
6.8
6.9
0.268
0.272
0.067
0.153
0.468
7.1
1.9
4.1
12.1
1.7
3.9
11.9
41/43
Revision history
STPM11/12/13/14
12
Revision history
Table 19. Revision history
Date
Revision
Changes
30-Jan-2007
06-Feb-2007
20-Mar-2007
1
2
3
Initial release.
The Figure 11. has been changed.
General description has been updated.
42/43
STPM11/12/13/14
Please Read Carefully:
Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the
right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any
time, without notice.
All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale.
Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no
liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein.
No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this
document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products
or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such
third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein.
UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS
OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
UNLESS EXPRESSLY APPROVED IN WRITING BY AN AUTHORIZED ST REPRESENTATIVE, ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT
RECOMMENDED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED FOR USE IN MILITARY, AIR CRAFT, SPACE, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING
APPLICATIONS, NOR IN PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS WHERE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY,
DEATH, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. ST PRODUCTS WHICH ARE NOT SPECIFIED AS "AUTOMOTIVE
GRADE" MAY ONLY BE USED IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AT USER’S OWN RISK.
Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void
any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any
liability of ST.
ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries.
Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners.
© 2007 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved
STMicroelectronics group of companies
Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan -
Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America
www.st.com
43/43
相关型号：
©2020 ICPDF网 联系我们和版权申明