LM48512TLX/NOPB [TI]
具有集成升压转换器和 EMI 抑制功能的 2.7W 单声道、模拟输入 D 类音频放大器 | YZR | 16 | -40 to 85;
| 型号： | LM48512TLX/NOPB |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | 具有集成升压转换器和 EMI 抑制功能的 2.7W 单声道、模拟输入 D 类音频放大器 | YZR | 16 | -40 to 85 升压转换器 放大器 消费电路 商用集成电路 音频放大器 视频放大器 |
| 文件： | 总17页 (文件大小：688K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
April 9, 2012
LM48512ꢀ
PowerWise® Boosted, Ultra Low-EMI, Mono, E2S Class D
Audio Power Amplifier
General Description
Key Specifications
Part of National’s PowerWise family or products, the
LM48512 delivers 1.8W into 8Ω, while consuming 14.5mA of
quiescent current. The LM48512 also features National’s En-
hanced Emissions Suppression (E2S) system, a patented,
ultra low EMI PWM architecture that significantly reduces RF
emissions while preserving audio quality and efficiency.
LM48512 improves battery life, reduces external component
count, board area consumption, system cost, and simplifies
design.
■ꢀPower Output at VDD = 3.6V
RL = 8Ω, THD+N ≤ 1%
1.8W (typ)
82% (typ)
■ꢀEfficiency at 3.6V, 800mW into 8Ω
■ꢀQuiescent Power Supply Current
at 3.6V
14.5mA
0.04μA (typ)
■ꢀShutdown current
The LM48512 is designed to meet the demands of portable
multimedia devices. The LM48512 features high efficiency
compared to other boosted amplifiers and low EMI Class D
amplifiers. The LM48512 is capable of driving an 8Ω speaker
to 5.5V levels (1.8W) from a 3.6V supply while operating at
82% efficiency. Flexible power supply requirements allow op-
eration from 2.3V to 5.5V. The E2S system features a patent-
ed edge rate control (ERC) architecture that further reduces
emissions by minimizing the high frequency component of the
device output, while maintaining high quality audio reproduc-
tion (THD+N = 0.03%) and high efficiency. A low power
shutdown mode reduces supply current consumption to
0.04μA.
Features
■
E2S System Reduces EMI while Preserving Audio Quality
and Efficiency
Integrated Boost Converter
■
■
■
■
Supply Voltage Level Detection on Boost Converter
Low Power Shutdown Mode
"Click and Pop" suppression
Applications
Mobile phones
■
■
■
Smart phones
The LM48512 features a battery-saving automatic gain con-
trol (AGC). The AGC detects the battery voltage and reduces
the gain of the amplifier to limit the output as the battery volt-
age decreases.
PDAs
Superior click and pop suppression eliminates audible tran-
sients on power-up/down and during shutdown.
Typical Application
30121756
FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
Boomer® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2012 Texas Instruments Incorporated
301217 SNAS497A
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Connection Diagrams
TL Package
2.098mm x 2.098mm x 0.6mm
16 – Bump micro SMD Markings
30121760
Top View
XY = Date Code
TT = Die Traceability
G = Boomer Family
N3 = LM48512TL
30121769
Top View
Order Number LM48512TL
See NS Package Number TLA16QSA
Pin Descriptions
TABLE 1.
PIN
A1
NAME
PVDD
PVOUT
SW
DESCRIPTION
Amplifier Power Supply Input. Connect to PVOUT.
Boost Converter Output
A2
A3
Boost Converter Switching Node
Boost Converter Power Ground
Non-Inverting Amplifier Output
A4
PGND
OUTA
GAIN
RTRIP
VDD
B1
B2
Gain Select Input
B3
Boost Supply Threshold Voltage Set Pin
Power Supply
B4
C1
OUTB
PGND
SDAMP
GND
Inverting Amplifier Output
C2, D1
C3
Class D Power Ground
Active Low Amplifier Shutdown Input. Connect to VDD for normal operation.
Ground
C4
D2
IN+
Non-Inverting Amplifier Input
D3
IN-
Inverting Amplifier Input
Active Low Boost Converter Shutdown Input. Connect to VDD for normal operation.
D4
SDREG
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2
Thermal Resistance
ꢁθJA (TLA16QSA)
Soldering Information
See AN-1112 “Micro SMD Wafer Level Chip
Scale Package”
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1, Note
2)
50°C/W
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage (VDD) (Note 1)
Storage Temperature
Power Dissipation (Note 3)
ESD Rating (Note 4)
6.0V
−65°C to +150°C
Internally Limited
2000V
Operating Ratings
Temperature Range
TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX
Supply Voltage
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
2.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
ESD Rating (Note 5)
200V
Junction Temperature
150°C
Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3.6V, PVDD = 5.75V (Note 1, Note 2)
The following specifications apply for AV = 2V/V, L = 2.2μH, RL = 15μH + 8Ω + 15μH (Note 8), f = 1kHz, unless otherwise specified.
Limits apply for TA = 25°C.
LM48512
Units
Symbol
VOS
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
(Note 6)
3
Limit
(Note 7)
10
(Limits)
VIN = 0, VDD = 2.3V to 5.5V
Differential Output Offset Voltage
Quiescent Power Supply Current
mV
VIN = 0, RL = ∞
VDD = 3.6V
IDD
19
14.5
8.5
mA (max)
mA
Boost Converter Only
SDREG = VDD
SDAMP = GND
PVOUT
Boost Converter Output Voltage
5.75
0.04
V
ISD
Shutdown Current
SDAMP = SDREG = GND
1
μA (max)
V (min)
V (max)
ms
VIH
Logic Input High Voltage
Logic Input Low Voltage
Wake Up Time
1.35
0.35
VIL
TWU
fSW(AMP)
9
Class D Switching Frequency
320
2
kHz
GAIN = GND (<0.7V)
GAIN = float (0.7V–1.0V)
GAIN = VDD (>1.0V)
±5%
±5%
±5%
V/V (max)
V/V (max)
V/V (max)
AV
6
Gain
10
AV = 2V/V (6dB)
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ (min)
kΩ
30
15
10
AV = 6V/V (15.5dB)
AV = 10V/V (20dB)
RIN
Input Resistance
8
SDAMP = SDREG = GND
70
VCM
VIN
Input Common Mode
Differential AC Input
1.4
V
VP-P (max)
Device Enabled or Disabled
5.6
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH, THD+N = 10%
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW
2.2
1.8
2.7
W
W (min)
W
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH, THD+N = 1%
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW
PO
Output Power
1.7
RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH, THD+N = 1%
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH, f = 1kHz
PO = 100mW
0.03
0.03
%
%
PO = 1W
THD+N
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise
RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH, f = 1kHz
PO = 1W
0.03
%
3
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LM48512
Typical
Units
(Limits)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Limit
(Note 6)
(Note 7)
VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P Sine
Inputs AC GND, Input referred
CIN = 100nF, fRIPPLE = 217Hz
90
dB
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P Sine
Inputs AC GND, Input referred
CIN = 100nF, fRIPPLE = 1kHz
85
65
dB
dB
VRIPPLE = 1VP-P
fRIPPLE = 217Hz
CMRR
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
Efficiency
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH, f = 1kHz
PO = 400mW
78
82
81
%
%
%
η
PO = 800mW
PO = 1.8W
PO = 1.8W, A-weighted Filter
Input referred, A-weighted Filter
Input referred, Un-weighted
SNR
Signal-To-Noise-Ratio
Output Noise
97
25
50
dB
μV
μV
εOS
RTRIP = 64.9kΩ
RTRIP = 27.5kΩ
RTRIP = 20kΩ
3.00
3.55
3.70
±5%
±5%
±5%
V (max)
V (max)
V (max)
VDD(TRIP)
Supply Voltage AGC Trip Point
Boost Converter Start-up Current
Limit
ILIMIT(SU)
IIND
600
mA
A
Boost Converter Maximum Inductor
Current
2.25
Gain Compression Range
Attack Time
6
dB
tA
tR
20
μs/dB
ms/dB
Release Time
1600
Boost Converter Switching
Frequency
fSW(REG)
2
MHz
Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability
and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the Absolute Maximum Ratings or other conditions beyond those indicated in
the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions at which the device is functional and the
device should not be operated beyond such conditions. All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: The Electrical Characteristics tables list guaranteed specifications under the listed Recommended Operating Conditions except as otherwise modified
or specified by the Electrical Characteristics Conditions and/or Notes. Typical specifications are estimations only and are not guaranteed.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum
allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX − TA) / θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower.
Note 4: Human body model, applicable std. JESD22-A114C.
Note 5: Machine model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A.
Note 6: Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at TA = +25°C, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the time of product
characterization and are not guaranteed.
Note 7: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by test or statistical analysis.
Note 8: RL is a resistive load in series with two inductors to simulate an actual speaker load. For RL = 8Ω, the load is 15µH+8Ω+15µH. For RL = 4Ω, the load is
15µH+4Ω+15µH.
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4
Typical Performance Characteristics
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 3.6V, PO = 1W, RL = 8Ω
THD+N vs Output Power
VDD = 2.7V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
30121778
30121772
THD+N vs Output Power
VDD = 3.6V, RL = 4Ω, f = 1kHz
THD+N vs Output Power
VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
30121775
30121774
THD+N vs Output Power
VDD = 5.0V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
Efficiency vs Output Power
RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
30121776
30121779
5
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CMRR vs Frequency
VDD = 3.6V, f = 217Hz
PSRR vs Frequency
VDD = 3.6V, f = 1kHz
VRIPPLE = 1VP-P, RL = 8Ω
VRIPPLE = 200mVp-p, RL = 8Ω
30121787
30121786
Power Dissipation vs Output Power
Output Power vs Supply Voltage
RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
30121780
30121789
Supply Current vs Supply Voltage
No Load
Boost Output Voltage vs Load Current
VDD = 2.7V
30121783
30121782
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Boost Output Voltage vs Load Current
VDD = 3.6V
Boost Output Voltage vs Load Current
VDD = 5.0V
30121784
30121785
7
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Application Information
GENERAL AMPLIFIER FUNCTION
BOOST INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The LM48512 mono Class D audio power amplifier features
a filterless modulation scheme that reduces external compo-
nent count, conserving board space and reducing system
cost. The outputs of the device transition from VDD to GND
with a 300kHz switching frequency. With no signal applied,
the outputs (VOUTA and VOUTB) switch with a 50% duty cycle,
in phase, causing the two outputs to cancel. This cancellation
results in no net voltage across the speaker, thus there is no
current to the load in the idle state.
An input capacitor is required to serve as an energy reservoir
for the current which must flow into the coil each time the
switch turns ON. The input capacitor will also help keep the
noise low from the power supply. This capacitor must have
extremely low ESR, so ceramic capacitors are recommend-
ed. A nominal value of 10μF is recommended for this appli-
cation.
MAXIMUM CURRENT
The boost converter of the LM48512 has two maximum cur-
rent limits to prevent damage to the device and also battery
shutdown when the current gets too high. First is the control
of the start-up current, where the boost converter internally
limits it to 600mA (ILIMIT(SU)). The second limit is on the induc-
tor current, where it is typically internally limited to 2.25A.
With the input signal applied, the duty cycle (pulse width) of
the LM48512 outputs changes. For increasing output voltage,
the duty cycle of VOUTA increases, while the duty cycle of
VOUTB decreases. For decreasing output voltages, the con-
verse occurs. The difference between the two pulse widths
yields the differential output voltage.
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC LEVEL
CONTROL
ENHANCED EMISSIONS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM (E2S)
The LM48512 features National’s patent-pending E2S system
that reduces EMI, while maintaining high quality audio repro-
duction and efficiency. The E2S system features advanced
edge rate control (ERC), greatly reducing the high frequency
components of the output square waves by controlling the
output rise and fall times, slowing the transitions to reduce RF
emissions, while maximizing THD+N and efficiency perfor-
mance. The overall result of the E2S system is a filterless
Class D amplifier that passes FCC Class B radiated emis-
sions standards with 20in of twisted pair cable, with excellent
0.03% THD+N and high 82% efficiency.
The LM48512 features either Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
or Automatic Level Control (ALC) by configuring the RTRIP pin
B3. The settings are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2. Automatic Gain/Level Control Table
RTRIP
VDD
Operation
Disable AGC and ALC
AGC
Resistor
GND
ALC
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER EXPLANATION
Automatic Gain Control Operation
As logic supplies continue to shrink, system designers are in-
creasingly turning to differential analog signal handling to
preserve signal to noise ratios with restricted supply level. The
LM48512 features a fully differential speaker amplifier. A dif-
ferential amplifier amplifies the difference between the two
input signals. Traditional audio power amplifiers have typical-
ly offered only single-ended inputs resulting in a 6dB reduc-
tion of SNR relative to differential inputs. The LM48512 also
offers the possibility of DC input coupling which eliminates the
input coupling capacitors. A major benefit of the fully differ-
ential amplifier is the improved common mode rejection ratio
(CMRR) over single ended input amplifiers. The increased
CMRR of the differential amplifier reduces sensitivity to
ground offset related noise injection, especially important in
noisy systems.
The AGC circuitry is designed to limit the output swing to the
load for speaker protection and to prolong battery life. When
RTRIP is connected to a resistor, AGC activates by detecting
the VDD level in combination with the input level. The user can
set the VDD level (VDD(TRIP)) at which AGC trips by connecting
different resistor values (RTRIP) to ground, refer to Table 3.
TABLE 3. AGC Table
VDD(TRIP) (V)
RTRIP (kΩ)
20.0
3.7
3.6
3.55
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
24.8
27.5
30.3
36.3
When evaluating the LM48512, use BAL-GND inputs and
provide clean grounding to ensure proper operation.
42.8
49.7
SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER
57.1
The LM48512 uses an internal synchronous series switch in
place of an external Schottcky diode, which reduces the num-
ber of external components required for its application. Effi-
ciency is also increased since the power dissipation of the
switch is less than the power dissipation of a diode.
64.9
73.2
82.0
Once VDD drops below the VDD(TRIP) voltage set by RTRIP, AGC
operation begins. While AGC is in operation, VDD sets the
output swing as shown in Figure 2.
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8
30121702
FIGURE 2. AGC Output Swing vs Supply Voltage Graph
If output swing of the amplifier exceeds the limit determined
by VDD, gain of the amplifier will be adjusted accordingly.
ꢁRelease: AGC releases at increments of 0.5dB steps per
every 800ms if the output does not reach the output swing
limit.
See Figure 3 for the following:
ꢁAdjusting: While the part is in compression mode, the first
attack following a release is at increments of 0.5dB steps, this
is also referred to as Adjusting.
ꢁAttack: AGC attack occurs at increments of -1dB steps ev-
ery 20μs until the output is below the output swing limit or
when it reaches the maximum gain compression of -6dB.
30121759
FIGURE 3. AGC Operation
Automatic Level Control
output limit swing of the amplifier will be limited to 90% of
PVOUT, with the same Attack, Release, and Adjusting char-
acteristics as the AGC.
The ALC circuitry is similar to AGC in that it also limits the
output swing of the amplifier, but the difference is that ALC is
always activated once the RTRIP pin is connected to GND. The
9
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POWER DISSIPATION AND EFFICIENCY
tors as close to the device as possible. A 10μF and a 1μF
bypass capacitors are recommended to increase supply sta-
bility.
The major benefit of a Class D amplifier is increased efficiency
versus a Class AB. The efficiency of the LM48512 is attributed
to the region of operation of the transistors in the output stage.
The Class D output stage acts as current steering switches,
consuming negligible amounts of power compared to their
Class AB counterparts. Most of the power loss associated
with the output stage is due to the IR loss of the MOSFET on-
resistance, along with switching losses due to gate charge.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
Input capacitors may be required for some applications, or
when the audio source is single-ended. Input capacitors block
the DC component of the audio signal, eliminating any conflict
between the DC component of the audio source and the bias
voltage of the LM48512. The input capacitors create a high-
pass filter with the input resistors RIN. The -3dB point of the
high pass filter is found using Equation 1 below.
SHUTDOWN FUNCTION
The LM48512 features a low current shutdown mode. Set
SDREG = SDAMP = GND to disable the amplifier and reduce
supply current to 0.04μA.
Switch SDREG and SDAMP between GND and VDD for min-
imum current consumption is shutdown. The LM48512 may
be disabled with shutdown voltages in between GND and
VDD, the idle current will be greater than the typical 0.1μA val-
ue. Increased THD+N may also be observed when a voltage
of less than VDD is applied to SDREG and SDAMP.
f = 1 / 2πRINCIN
(1)
Where RIN is the value of the input resistor given in the Elec-
trical Characteristics table.
The input capacitors can also be used to remove low fre-
quency content from the audio signal. Small speakers cannot
reproduce, and may even be damaged by low frequencies.
High pass filtering the audio signal helps protect the speakers.
When the LM48512 is using a single-ended source, power
supply noise on the ground is seen as an input signal. Setting
the high-pass filter point above the power supply noise fre-
quencies (for example, 217Hz in a GSM phone), filters out the
noise such that it is not amplified and heard on the output.
Capacitors with a tolerance of 10% or better are recommend-
ed for impedance matching and improved CMRR and PSRR.
PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
Inductor Selection
The LM48512 is designed to use a 2.2μH inductor. When the
boost converter is boosting, the inductor will typically be the
biggest area of efficiency loss in the boost converter circuitry,
therefore, choosing an inductor with the lowest possible se-
ries resistance is important. In addition to the series resis-
tance, the saturation rating of the inductor should also be
greater than the maximum operating peak current.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER GAIN
The LM48512 features three logic configured gain settings.
The device gain is selected through the GAIN input. The gain
settings are as shown in Table 4.
Boost Output Capacitor Selection
The boost converter in the LM48512 is designed to operate
with a 22μF ceramic output capacitor. When the boost con-
verter is running, the output capacitor supplies the load cur-
rent during the boost converter on-time. When the NMOS
switch turns off, the inductor energy is discharged through the
internal PMOS switch, supplying power to the load and restor-
ing charge to the output capacitor. This causes a sag in the
output voltage (PVOUT) during the on-time and a rise in the
output voltage during the off-time. The output capacitor is
chosen to limit this output ripple and to ensure the converter
remains stable.
TABLE 4. Gain Settings
AV
6dB
GAIN pin input
GND (<0.7V)
Float (0.7V–1.0V)
VDD (>1.0V)
15.5dB
20dB
AUDIO AMPLIFIER POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING/
FILTERING
Proper power supply bypassing is critical for low noise per-
formance and high PSRR. Place the supply bypass capaci-
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10
SINGLE-ENDED AUDIO AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION
One thing to note is that the Differential AC Input specification
of 5.6VP-P (max) will be 2.8VP-P in the Single-Ended applica-
tion. Figure 4 shows the typical single-ended applications
circuit.
The LM48512 is compatible with single-ended sources. When
configured for single-ended inputs, input capacitors must be
used to block and DC component at the input of the device.
30121770
FIGURE 4. Single-Ended Input Configuration
PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES
As output power increases, interconnect resistance (PCB
traces and wires) between the amplifier, load and power sup-
ply create a voltage drop. The voltage loss due to the traces
between the LM48512 and the load results in lower output
power and decreased efficiency. Higher trace resistance be-
tween the supply and the LM48512 has the same effect as a
poorly regulated supply, increasing ripple on the supply line,
and reducing peak output power. The effects of residual trace
resistance increases as output current increases due to high-
er output power, decreased load impedance or both. To main-
tain the highest output voltage swing and corresponding peak
output power, the PCB traces that connect the output pins to
the load and the supply pins to the power supply should be
as wide as possible to minimize trace resistance.
use of power planes creates parasitic capacitors that help to
filter the power supply line.
The inductive nature of the transducer load can also result in
overshoot on one of both edges, clamped by the parasitic
diodes to GND and VDD in each case. From an EMI stand-
point, this is an aggressive waveform that can radiate or
conduct to other components in the system and cause inter-
ference. In is essential to keep the power and output traces
short and well shielded if possible. Use of ground planes
beads and micros-strip layout techniques are all useful in pre-
venting unwanted interference.
As the distance from the LM48512 and the speaker increases,
the amount of EMI radiation increases due to the output wires
or traces acting as antennas become more efficient with
length. Ferrite chip inductors places close to the LM48512
outputs may be needed to reduce EMI radiation.
The use of power and ground planes will give the best THD
+N performance. In addition to reducing trace resistance, the
11
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LM48512 Demo Board Schematic
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12
Demo Boards
30121766
30121767
FIGURE 9. Top Silkscreen
FIGURE 10. Top Layer
30121763
30121764
FIGURE 11. Layer 2 (GND)
FIGURE 12. Layer 3 (VDD )
30121762
30121765
FIGURE 13. Bottom Layer
FIGURE 14. Bottom Silkscreen
13
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Revision History
Rev
1.0
Date
Description
04/09/12
Initial WEB released.
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14
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
micro SMD
Order Number LM48512TL
NS Package Number TLA16QSA
X1 = 2.098mm, X2 = 2.098mm, X3 = 0.6mm
15
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Notes
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