SM72441MTX [TI]
Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic Solar Panels; 可编程最大功率点跟踪控制器,用于光伏太阳能电池板型号: | SM72441MTX |
厂家: | TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
描述: | Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic Solar Panels |
文件: | 总12页 (文件大小:286K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
SM72441
SM72441 Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for
Photovoltaic Solar Panels
Literature Number: SNOSB64F
November 20, 2011
SM72441
Programmable Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller
for Photovoltaic Solar Panels
General Description
Features
The SM72441 is a programmable MPPT controller capable of
controlling four PWM gate drive signals for a 4-switch buck-
boost converter. Along with SM72295 (Photovoltaic Full
Bridge Driver) it creates a solution for an MPPT configured
DC-DC converter with efficiencies up to 98.5%. Integrated in-
to the chip is an 8-channel, 12 bit A/D converter used to sense
input and output voltage and current, as well as board con-
figuration. Externally programmable values include maximum
output voltage and current as well as different settings on slew
rate, and soft-start.
Renewable Energy Grade
■
■
■
■
■
■
Programmable maximum power point tracking
Photovoltaic solar panel voltage and current diagnostic
Single inductor four switch buck-boost converter control
VOUT Overvoltage protection
Over-current protection
Package
TSSOP-28
■
Block Diagram
30134202
FIGURE 1. Block Diagram
© 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated
301342
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2
Connection Diagram
30134203
Top View
TSSOP-28
Ordering Information
Order Number
Description
NSC Package Drawing
Supplied As
Package Top Mark
SM72441MTX
TSSOP-28
TSSOP-28
TSSOP-28
MTC28
2500 Units in Tape and
Reel
S72441
SM72441MTE
SM72441MT
MTC28
MTC28
250 Units in Tape and
Reel
S72441
S72441
48 Units in rail
3
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Pin Descriptions
Pin
1
Name Description
RST Active low signal. External reset input signal to the digital circuit.
NC1 No Connect. This pin should be grounded.
2
3
VDDD Digital supply voltage. This pin should be connected to a 5V supply, and bypassed to VSSD with a 0.1uF monolithic
ceramic capacitor.
4
5
VSSD Digital ground. The ground return for the digital supply and signals.
NC2 No Connect. This pin should be pulled up to the 5V supply using 10k resistor.
NC3 No Connect. This pin should be grounded using a 10k resistor.
NC4 No Connect. This pin should be grounded using a 10k resistor.
NC5 No Connect. This pin should be pulled up to 5V supply using 10k resistor.
NC6 No Connect. This pin should be pulled up to 5V supply using 10k resistor.
NC7 No Connect. This pin should be grounded.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
LED LED pin outputs a pulse during normal operation.
VDDA Analog supply voltage. This voltage is also used as the reference voltage. This pin should be connected to a 5V supply,
and bypassed to VSSA with a 1uF and 0.1uF monolithic ceramic capacitor.
13
14
VSSA Analog ground. The ground return for the analog supply and signals.
A0
A/D Input Channel 0. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set the maximum output voltage. Please refer to
application section for more information on setting the resistor value.
15
16
AVIN A/D Input to sense input voltage.
A2
A/D Input Channel 2. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set MPPT update rate. Please refer to application
section for more information on setting the resistor value.
17
18
AVOUT A/D Input to sense the output voltage.
A4
A/D Input Channel 4. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set the maximum output current. Please refer to
application section for more information on setting the resistor value.
19
20
AIIN A/D Input to sense input current.
A6
A/D Input Channel 6. Connect a resistor divider to 5V supply to set the maximum output voltage slew rate. Please
refer to application section for more information on setting the resistor value.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
AIOUT A/D Input to sense the output current.
NC8 No Connect. This pin should be grounded using a 10k resistor.
NC9 No Connect. This pin should be connected with 150k pull-up resistor to 5V supply.
LIB
HIB
HIA
LIA
Low side boost PWM output.
High side boost PWM output.
High side buck PWM output.
Low side buck PWM output.
OVP Overvoltage Protection Pin. Active Low. SM72441 will reset once voltage on this pin drops below its threshold voltage.
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4
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Recommended Operating
Conditions
Operating Temperature
-40°C to 105°C
VA Supply Voltage
VD Supply Voltage
Digital Input Voltage
Analog Input Voltage
Junction Temperature
+4.75V to +5.25V
+4.75V to VA
0 to VA
Analog Supply Voltage VA
(VDDA -VSSA)
Analog Supply Voltage VD
(VDDD -VSSD)
-0.3 to 6.0V
-0.3 to VA +0.3V
max 6.0V
-0.3 to VA +0.3V
0 to VA
Voltage on Any Pin to GND
-40°C to 125°C
Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3)
Package Input Current (Note 3)
Storage Temperature Range
ESD Rating (Note 2)
±10 mA
±20 mA
-65°C to +150°C
Human Body Model
2 kV
Specifications in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and those in boldface type apply over the full operating junction temperature
range.(Note 3)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
ANALOG INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
AVin, AIin
0 to VA
Input Range
AVout, AIout
-
-
V
IDCL
DC Leakage Current
-
-
-
-
±1
-
µA
pF
pF
Track Mode
Hold Mode
33
3
CINA
Input Capacitance(Note 4)
-
DC Voltage Measurement
Accuracy
VERR
0.1
%
DIGITAL INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VIL
VIH
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
-
-
-
0.8
V
V
2.8
-
Digital Input Capacitance(Note
4)
CIND
-
-
2
4
pF
µA
IIN
Input Current
±0.01
±1
DIGITAL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOH
VOL
ISOURCE = 200 µA VA = VD = 5V
VD-0.5
Output High Voltage
Output Low Voltage
-
-
-
V
V
ISINK = 200 µA to 1.0 mA VA = VD = 5V
-
0.4
Hi-Impedance Output Leakage
Current
IOZH , IOZL
COUT
VA = VD = 5V
±1
4
µA
pF
Hi-Impedance Output
Capacitance (Note 4)
2
5
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS (CL = 10 pF)
Analog and Digital Supply
VA ,VD
4.75
5.25
V
VA ≥ VD
Voltages
IA + ID
PC
VA = VD = 4.75V to 5.25V
VA = VD = 4.75V to 5.25V
Total Supply Current
Power Consumption
7
10
50
15
78
mA
mW
PWM OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
fPWM
PWM switching frequency
Dead time
210
38
kHz
ns
tDEAD
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation
of the device is guaranteed. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but does not guarantee specific performance
limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics tables.
Note 2: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin.
Note 3: Min and Max limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical
Quality Control (SQC) methods. Limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 4: Not tested. Guaranteed by design.
5
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photovoltaic module. MPPT performance is very fast. Con-
vergence to the maximum power point of the module typically
occurs within 0.01s. This enables the controller to maintain
optimum performance under fast-changing irradiance condi-
tions.
Operation Description
OVERVIEW
The SM72441 is a programmable MPPT controller capable of
outputting four PWM gate drive signals for a 4-switch buck-
boost converter. The typical application circuit is shown in
Figure 2.
Transitions between buck, boost, and buck-boost modes are
smoothed, and advanced digital PWM dithering techniques
are employed to increase effective PWM resolution. Output
voltage and current limiting functionality are integrated into
the digital control logic. The controller is capable of handling
both shorted and no-load conditions and will recover smoothly
from both.
The SM72441 uses an advanced digital controller to generate
its PWM signals. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
algorithm monitors the input current and voltage and controls
the PWM duty cycle to maximize energy harvested from the
30134204
FIGURE 3. High Level State Diagram for Startup
STARTUP
SM72441 has a soft start feature that will ramp its output volt-
age for a fixed time of 250ms. MPPT mode will be entered
during soft start if the load current exceeded the minimum
current threshold. Otherwise, buck-boost operation is entered
after soft-start is finished where the ratio between input and
output voltage is 1:1. Refer to Figure 3 for a high level state
diagram of startup. The current threshold to transition be-
tween MPPT to standby (buck-boost) mode and vice versa
can be set by feeding the output of current sensing amplifier
(Figure 2) to the AIIN and AIOUT pin. For an appropriate volt-
age level, refer to AIIN and AIOUT section of this datasheet.
30134205
FIGURE 4. Start-Up Waveforms of Controlled Output
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6
MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Current limit is triggered when AIOUT (pin 21) voltage is equal
to A4 (pin 18).
Maximum output voltage on the SM72441 is set by resistor
divider ratio on pin A0. (Please refer to Figure 2 Typical Ap-
plication Circuit).
AVIN PIN
AVIN pin is an A/D input to sense the input voltage of
SM72441. A resistor divider can be used to scale the max
voltage to about 4V, which is 80% of the full scale of the A/D
input.
CONFIGURABLE SETTINGS
Where RT1 and RB1 are the resistor divider on the ADC pin
A0 and RFB1 and RFB2 are the output voltage feedback re-
sistors. A typical value for RFB2 is about 2 kΩ.
The voltage on A0 sets the max output voltage; whereas the
voltage on A2 enables MPPT update rate and limits the max
boost ratio when output current is below the standby thresh-
old. Output current limit is set by the voltage on A4 and output
voltage slew rate limit is set on A6. In order to set a slew rate
limit of 125V/sec, the ratio of the two resistors in A6 should
be 9:1.
CURRENT LIMIT SETTING
Maximum output current can be set by changing the resistor
divider on A4 (pin 18). (Refer to Figure 2 ). Overcurrent at the
output is detected when the voltage on AIOUT (pin 21) equals
to the voltage on A4 (pin 18). The voltage on A4 can be set
by a resistor divider connected to 5V whereas a current sense
amplifier output can be used to set the voltage on AIOUT.
The low current condition is detected if the voltage on AIIN is
less than 0.488V (rising) and 0.293 (falling) + ΔI or if the volt-
age on AIOUT is less than 0.488 V (rising) and 0.293 (falling)
+ ΔI. If low current is detected, the converter operates in
standby mode and limit the maximum duty cycle to either a 1
(buck-boost), 1.15 (boost) or 1.25 (boost) conversion ratio
(programmable). In this case no MPPT will be performed.
AIIN AND AIOUT PIN
These two pins are used to set current threshold from standby
(buck-boost mode) to MPPT mode and from MPPT mode into
standby mode.
The actual value of current will depend on the gain of the cur-
rent sensing amplifier circuitry that feeds the AIIN and AIOUT
pins.
In order to transition from standby to MPPT mode, the follow-
ing conditions have to be satisfied:
1) AIIN and AIOUT voltage > 0.488V
2) Iout < Iout_max
For more complete information on the various settings based
on the voltage level of A2, please refer to Table 1 below. Vfs
denotes the full scale voltage of the ADC which is equal to
VDDA where VDDA is a reference voltage to analog ground.
On the other hand, in order to transition from MPPT to standby
mode, the following condition have to be satisfied:
A typical value for top configuration resistors (RT1 to RT4)
should be 20 kΩ.
1) AIIN and AIOUT voltage < 0.293V
2) Iout < Iout_max
TABLE 1. List of configurable modes on ADC Channel 2
ADC Channel 2
MPPT Update Time
Slew Rate
Detection
Low Current
Detection
Initial Boost Ratio
Delta I
0 < VADC2 < Vfs/16
1.2 ms
38 ms
77 ms
38 ms
38 ms
38 ms
38 ms
38 ms
38 ms
38 ms
77 ms
77 ms
77 ms
77 ms
77 ms
77 ms
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1Vfs/16 < VADC2 <2Vfs/16
2Vfs/16 < VADC2 <3Vfs/16
3Vfs/16 < VADC2 <4Vfs/16
4Vfs/16 < VADC2 <5Vfs/16
5Vfs/16 < VADC2 <6Vfs/16
6Vfs/16 < VADC2 <7Vfs/16
7Vfs/16 < VADC2 <8Vfs/16
8Vfs/16 < VADC2 <9Vfs/16
9Vfs/16 < VADC2 <10Vfs/16
10Vfs/16 < VADC2 <11Vfs/16
11Vfs/16 < VADC2 <12Vfs/16
12Vfs/16 < VADC2 <13Vfs/16
13Vfs/16 < VADC2 <14Vfs/16
14Vfs/16 < VADC2 <15Vfs/16
15Vfs/16 < VADC2 <16Vfs/16
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.25
1.25
1.25
60 (0.3 A)
90 (0.45 A)
120(0.6 A)
60
90
120
60
90
120
60
90
120
7
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RESET PIN
puts is 0V to VA. Going beyond this range will cause the ESD
diodes to conduct and result in erratic operation.
When the reset pin is pulled low, the chip will cease its normal
operation and turn-off all of its PWM outputs. Below is an os-
cilloscope capture of a forced reset condition.
The capacitor C1 in Figure 6 has a typical value of 3 pF and
is mainly the package pin capacitance. Resistor R1 is the on
resistance of the multiplexer and track / hold switch; it is typ-
ically 500Ω. Capacitor C2 is the ADC sampling capacitor; itis
typically 30 pF. The ADC will deliver best performance when
driven by a low-impedance source (less than 100Ω). This is
especially important when sampling dynamic signals. Also
important when sampling dynamic signals is a band-pass or
low-pass filter which reduces harmonic and noise in the input.
These filters are often referred to as anti-aliasing filters.
30134208
FIGURE 5. Reset Operational Behavior
30134209
As seen in Figure 5, the initial value for output voltage and
load current are 28V and 1A respectively. After the reset pin
is grounded, both the output voltage and load current de-
creases immediately. MOSFET switching on the buck-boost
converter also stops immediately. VLOB indicates the low side
boost output from the SM72295.
FIGURE 6. Equivalent Input Circuit
DIGITAL INPUTS and OUTPUTS
The digital input signals have an operating range of 0V to
VA, where VA = VDDA - VSSA. They are not prone to latch-
up and may be asserted before the digital supply VD, where
VD = VDDD - VSSD, without any risk. The digital output sig-
nals operating range is controlled by VD. The output high
voltage is VD – 0.5V (min) while the output low voltage is 0.4V
(max).
ANALOG INPUT
An equivalent circuit for one of the ADC input channels is
shown in Figure 6. Diode D1 and D2 provide ESD protection
for the analog inputs. The operating range for the analog in-
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8
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
NS Package Drawing MTC28
9
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