TPS60111PWPR [TI]
REGULATER 5-V 150-MA LOW-NOISE CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER;
| 型号： | TPS60111PWPR |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | REGULATER 5-V 150-MA LOW-NOISE CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER 光电二极管 |
| 文件： | 总19页 (文件大小：279K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
features
applications
Up to 150-mA Output Current
Replaces DC/DC Converters With Inductors in
Less Than 10-mV Output Voltage Ripple
pp
No Inductors Required/Low EMI
Regulated 5-V ±4% Output
– Battery-Powered Applications
– Li-Ion Battery to 5-V Conversion
– Portable Instruments
– Battery-Powered Microprocessor
Systems
– Miniature Equipment
– Backup-Battery Boost Converters
– PDAs
Only Four External Components Required
Up to 90% Efficiency
2.7-V to 5.4-V Input Voltage Range
60-µA Quiescent Supply Current
0.05-µA Shutdown Current
– Laptops
– Handheld Instrumentation
– Medical Instruments
Load Isolated in Shutdown
Space-Saving Thermally-Enhanced TSSOP
PowerPAD Package
Evaluation Module Available
(TPS60110EVM–132)
output voltage ripple
description
5.2
5.15
5.1
The TPS60111 step-up, regulated charge pump
generates a 5-V ±4% output voltage from a 2.7-V
to 5.4-V input voltage (three alkaline, NiCd, or
NiMH batteries; or, one lithium or lithium ion
battery). Output current is 150 mA from a 3-V
input. Only four external capacitors are needed to
build a complete low-noise dc/dc converter. The
push-pull operating mode of two single-ended
charge pumps assures the low output voltage
ripple as current is continuously transferred to the
output. From a 3-V input, the TPS60111 can start
into full load with loads as low as 33 Ω.
5.05
5
SKIP =COM = CLK = 0 V
4.95
V
= 3.6 V
= 150 mA
= 22 µF + 10 µF
X5R Ceramic
IN
4.9
4.85
4.8
I
C
O
O
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5 5
t – Time – µs
The TPS60111 features either constant frequency
mode to minimize noise and output voltage ripple
or the power-saving pulse-skip mode to extend
battery life at light loads. The TPS60111 switching
frequencyis300kHz. Thelogicshutdownfunction
reduces the supply current to 1-µA (max) and
disconnects the load from the input. Special
current-control circuitry prevents excessive cur-
rent from being drawn from the battery during
start-up. This dc/dc converter requires no
inductors and has low EMI. It is available in the
typical operating circuit
INPUT
2.7 V to
5.4 V
OUTPUT
5 V
150 mA
SKIP COM CLK
IN OUT
IN
+
C
IN
4.7 µF
OUT
FB
+
C
O
15 µF
TPS60110
C1+
C2+
C
1 µF
1F
C
2F
1 µF
C1–
C2–
ENABLE
SYNC
small 20-pin TSSOP PowerPAD
(PWP).
package
OFF/ON
PGND GND
Figure 1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
Copyright 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
1
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
PWP PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
GND
SYNC
ENABLE
FB
OUT
C1+
IN
C1–
PGND
PGND
GND
CLK
COM
SKIP
OUT
C2+
IN
C2–
PGND
PGND
Thermal
Pad
Figure 2. Bottom View of PWP Package,
Showing the Thermal Pad
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGE
†
TSSOP
(PWP)
TPS60111PWP
†
This package is available taped and reeled. To order this packaging
option, add an R suffix to the part number (e.g., TPS60111PWPR).
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
I/O
DESCRIPTION
NAME
CLK
NO.
19
6
I
Input for external clock signal. If the internal clock is used, connect this terminal to GND.
Positive terminal of the charge-pump capacitor C
C1+
C1–
C2+
C2–
COM
1F
8
Negative terminal of the charge-pump capacitor C
1F
15
13
18
Positive terminal of the charge-pump capacitor C
2F
Negative terminal of the charge-pump capacitor C
2F
I
Mode selection.
When COM is logic low the charge pump operates in push-pull mode to minimize output ripple. When COM is
connected to IN the regulator operates in single-ended mode requiring only one flying capacitor.
ENABLE
FB
3
4
I
I
ENABLE Input. The device turns off, the output disconnects from the input, and the supply current decreases to
0.05 µA when ENABLE is a logic low. Connect ENABLE to IN for normal operation.
FEEDBACKinput. ConnectFBtoOUTasclosetotheloadaspossibletoachievebestregulation.Resistivedivider
is on-chip to match internal reference voltage of 1.22 V.
GND
IN
1, 20
7, 14
GROUND. Analog ground for internal reference and control circuitry. Connect to PGND through a short trace.
I
SupplyInput. Connect to an input supply in the 2.7-V to 5.4-V range. Bypass IN to GND with a (C /2) µFcapacitor.
O
Connect both INs through a short trace.
OUT
5, 16
O
Regulated 5-V power output. Connect both OUTs through a short trace and bypass OUT to GND with the output
filter capacitor C
.
O
PGND
SKIP
9–12
17
PGND power ground. Charge-pump current flows through this pin. Connect all PGNDs together.
I
I
Modeselection. WhenSKIPislogiclowthechargepumpoperatesinconstant-frequencymode.Thusoutputripple
and noise are minimized. When SKIP is connected to IN, the regulator operates in low-quiescent-current
pulse-skip mode.
SYNC
2
Selection for external clock signal. Connect to GND to use the internally generated clock signal. Connect to IN
for external synchronization. In this case, the clock signal needs to be fed through CLK.
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†‡
absolute maximum ratings (unless otherwise noted)
Input voltage range, V (IN, OUT, ENABLE, SKIP, COM, CLK, FB, SYNC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 5.5 V
I
Differential input voltage, V (C1+, C2+ to GND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (V + 0.3 V)
ID
O
Differential input voltage, V (C1–, C2– to GND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (V + 0.3 V)
ID
IN
Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Tables
Continuous output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 mA
Storage temperature range, T
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to 150°C
stg
Maximum junction temperature, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
J
†
‡
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
V
, V
, V
, V
and V
can exceed V up to the maximum rated voltage without increasing the leakage current
ENABLE SKIP COM CLK
SYNC
IN
drawn by these mode select inputs.
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 1 – FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (see Figure 3)
T
≤ 25°C
DERATING FACTOR
T
= 70°C
T = 85°C
A
A
A
PACKAGE
POWER RATING
ABOVE T = 25°C
POWER RATING POWER RATING
A
PWP
700 mW
5.6 mW/°C
448 mW 364 mW
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 2 – CASE TEMPERATURE (see Figure 4)
≤ 62.5°C DERATING FACTOR = 70°C
POWER RATING ABOVE T = 62.5°C POWER RATING POWER RATING
T
C
T
C
T = 85°C
C
PACKAGE
C
PWP
25 W
285.7 mW/°C
22.9 W
18.5 W
§
§
DISSIPATION DERATING CURVE
vs
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS DISSIPATION
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
CASE TEMPERATURE
1400
1200
30
25
20
15
10
5
1000
800
PWP Package
PWP Package
600
R
= 178°C/W
θJA
400
200
0
Measured with the exposed thermal pad
coupled to an infinite heat sink with a
thermally conductive compound (the
thermal conductivity of the compound
is 0.815 W/m °C). The R
θJC
is 3.5°C/W.
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
25
50
75
100
125
150
T
A
– Free-Air Temperature – °C
T
C
– Case Temperature – °C
Figure 3
Figure 4
§
Dissipation rating tables and figures are provided for maintenance of junction temperature at or below absolute maximum temperature of 150°C.
It is recommended not to exceed a junction temperature of 125°C.
3
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†
electrical characteristics at C = 15 µF, C = C = 2.2 µF , C = 33 µF, T = –40°C to 85°C,
IN
1F
2F
O
C
V =3V,V =V ,V
=V ,V
=V or0VandV
=V
=V
=0V(unlessotherwise
IN
noted)
FB
O
ENABLE
IN SKIP
IN
COM
CLK
SYNC
PARAMETER
Input voltage
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
V
V
IN
2.7
5.4
I
Maximum output current
150
mA
O(MAX)
2.7 V < V < 3 V,
0 < I < 75 mA,
IN
O
4.8
5
5.2
V
= 5 V,
T
= 25°C
O(Start-Up)
C
V
O
Output voltage
V
3 V < V < 5 V,
IN
0 < I < 150 mA
4.8
4.8
5
5
5.2
O
5 V < V < 5.4 V,
IN
0 < I < 150 mA
5.25
O
‡
V
Output voltage ripple
I
= 150 mA,
V
V
= 0 V
10
mV
PP
O(RIP)
O
SKIP
I
I
Output leakage current
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
= 3.6 V,
= 0 V
1
µA
O(LEAK)
IN
ENABLE
= V = 3.6 V
IN
60
2.8
90
µA
mA
µA
Quiescent current
(no-load input current)
SKIP
SKIP
Q
= 0 V,
V
V
= 3.6 V
IN
I
f
f
Shutdown supply current
Internal switching frequency
External clock frequency
External clock duty cycle
Efficiency
= 3.6 V,
= 0 V
0.05
300
600
1
400
800
80%
DD(SDN)
OSC(int)
OSC(ext)
IN
IN
ENABLE
= 3.6 V
200
400
kHz
kHz
= V
= V
,
,
V
V
= 2.7 V to 5.4 V
SYNC
SYNC
IN
IN
IN
= 2.7V to 5.4 V
20%
IN
I
O
= 75 mA
80%
Input voltage low,
ENABLE, SKIP, COM, CLK, SYNC
0.3 ×
V
IN
V
V
V
V
= 2.7 V
= 5.4 V
V
V
INL
IN
Input voltage high,
ENABLE, SKIP, COM, CLK, SYNC
0.7 ×
V
IN
INH
IN
Input leakage current,
ENABLE, SKIP, COM, CLK, SYNC
V
V
= V
= V
GND
= V
= V
=
CLK
ENABLE
SYNC
SKIP
or V
COM
IN
I
0.01
0.002
0.6
0.1
µA
I(LEAK)
V
= 5 V,
= 25°C
1 mA < I < 150 mA
O
O
C
Output load regulation
Output line regulation
Short circuit current
%/mA
%/V
mA
T
3 V < V < 5 V,
IN
V
= 5 V,
= 25°C
O
C
I
O
= 75 mA,
T
V
= 3.6 V
V
= 0 V,
O
IN
= 25°C
150
T
C
†
‡
Use only ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectric as flying capacitors.
Achieved with C = 22 µF + 10 µF X5R dielectric ceramic capacitor
O
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
EFFICIENCY
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
EFFICIENCY
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
100
90
100
90
V
IN
= 2.7 V
V
(SKIP)
= 0 V
V
= 2.7 V
IN
V
IN
= 3 V
V
= 3 V
IN
80
70
80
70
60
50
V
IN
= 3.6 V
V
IN
= 3.3 V
60
50
V
IN
= 3.3 V
V
IN
= 3.6 V
40
30
20
40
30
20
10
0
10
0
V
= V
1
(SKIP)
IN
0.1
10
100
1000
1
10
100
1000
I
O
– Output Current – mA
I
O
– Output Current – mA
Figure 5
Figure 6
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
vs
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
INPUT VOLTAGE
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
3.6
3.4
3.2
3
V
= V
(SKIP)
IN
V = 0 V
(SKIP)
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
50
45
2
1.8
40
2.5
1.6
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
2.5
3
3.5
V – Input Voltage – V
IN
4
4.5
5
5.5
V
IN
– Input Voltage – V
Figure 7
Figure 8
†T = 25°C, V
= V
= 0 V, C = 15 µF, C and C = 2.2 µF (X7R ceramic), C = 33 µF, unless otherwise noted
IN 1F 2F
C
COM
SYNC
O
5
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
V
= 0 V
(SKIP)
V
= V
(SKIP)
IN
V
IN
= 5.4 V
V
V
IN
= 5.4 V
V
= 4 V
= 4 V
V
IN
IN
= 3.6 V
5.1
5
IN
5.1
5
V
IN
= 3.6 V
V
IN
= 3 V
V
IN
= 3 V
4.9
4.9
V
IN
= 2.7 V
V
IN
= 2.7 V
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.7
1
10
100
1000
1
10
100
1000
I
O
– Output Current – mA
I
O
– Output Current – mA
Figure 9
Figure 10
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
5.1
5.08
5.06
5.04
5.02
5.1
V
= 0 V
(SKIP)
V
= V
(SKIP)
IN
5.08
5.06
5.04
5.02
I
O
= 1 mA to 150 mA
I
O
= 150 mA
I
O
= 1 mA to 10 mA
5
4.98
4.96
4.94
5
4.98
4.96
4.94
4.92
4.9
4.92
4.9
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
2.5
3
3.5
V – Input Voltage – V
IN
4
4.5
5
5.5
V
IN
– Input Voltage – V
Figure 11
Figure 12
†T = 25°C, V
= V
= 0 V, C = 15 µF, C and C = 2.2 µF (X7R ceramic), C = 33 µF, unless otherwise noted
IN 1F 2F
C
COM
SYNC
O
6
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
TIME
vs
TIME
5.05
5.04
5.03
5.07
5.05
5.03
Pulse-Skip Mode
V
V
I
= 0 V
Constant
Frequency
Mode
(SKIP)
= 3.6 V
IN
= 150 mA
= 22 µF + 10 µF
O
O
C
X5R ceramic
5.02
5.01
5.01
4.99
V
V
= V
IN
(SKIP)
= 3.6 V
IN
= 150 mA
I
O
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
t – Time – µs
t – Time – µs
Figure 13
Figure 14
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
5.05
5.08
5.06
5.04
5.02
5
V
= V = 3.6 V
IN
Pulse-Skip Mode
(SKIP)
= 10 mA to 150 mA
I
O
5.04
5.03
5.02
5.01
300
Constant
Frequency
Mode
V
= 0 V
(SKIP)
= 10 mA to 150 mA
300
200
I
V
O
= 3.6 V
IN
200
100
0
100
0
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16
18 20
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16
18 20
t – Time – ms
t – Time – ms
Figure 15
Figure 16
†T = 25°C, V
COM
= V
= 0 V, C = 15 µF, C and C = 2.2 µF (X7R ceramic), C = 33 µF, unless otherwise noted
IN 1F 2F
C
SYNC
O
7
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
= 0 V
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
5.08
5.06
5.04
5.02
5
5.08
5.06
5.04
5.02
5
V
I
V
I
= V
IN
Pulse-Skip Mode
Constant
Frequency
Mode
(SKIP)
= 150 mA
(SKIP)
= 150 mA
O
O
5
5
4
4
3
2
3
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
t – Time – ms
t – Time – ms
Figure 17
Figure 18
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
CONSTANT FREQUENCY MODE
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
‡
‡
PULSE-SKIP MODE
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
100
80
V
V
= 0 V
V
V
= V
(SKIP)
= 3 V
(SKIP)
= 3 V
IN
IN
= 150 mA
IN
= 150 mA
I
O
I
O
RBW = 300 Hz
RBW = 300 Hz
60
40
20
0
10
0
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
f – Frequency – MHz
f – Frequency – MHz
Figure 19
Figure 20
†T = 25°C, V
COM
= V
= 0 V, C = 15 µF, C and C = 2.2 µF (X7R ceramic), C = 33 µF, unless otherwise noted
IN 1F 2F
C
SYNC
O
‡Test circuit: TPS60110EVM–132 with TPS60111
8
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
†
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
CONSTANT FREQUENCY MODE
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
‡
‡
PULSE-SKIP MODE
90
80
70
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
V
V
= V
IN
IN
= 10 mA
(SKIP)
= 3 V
V
V
= 0 V
(SKIP)
= 3 V
IN
= 10 mA
I
O
I
O
RBW = 300 Hz
RBW = 300 Hz
60
50
40
30
20
20
10
0
10
0
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
f – Frequency – MHz
f – Frequency – MHz
Figure 21
Figure 22
EFFICIENCY
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
START-UP TIMING
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
100
R
= 33.3 Ω
= 3 V
0
I
O
= 150 mA
V
IN
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Skip = High
Skip = Low
Enable
OUTPUT
10
0
–1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
t – Time –µs
V
IN
– Input Voltage – V
Figure 23
Figure 24
†T = 25°C, V
COM
= V
= 0 V, C = 15 µF, C and C = 2.2 µF (X7R ceramic), C = 33 µF, unless otherwise noted
IN 1F 2F
C
SYNC
O
‡Test circuit: TPS60110EVM–132 with TPS60111
9
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
detailed description
operating principle
The TPS60111 charge pump provides a regulated 5-V output from a 2.7-V to 5.4-V input. It delivers a maximum
load current of 150 mA. Designed specifically for space critical battery powered applications, the complete
charge pump circuit requires only four external capacitors. The circuit can be optimized for highest efficiency
at light loads or lowest output noise. The TPS60111 consists of an oscillator, a 1.22-V bandgap reference, an
internal resistive feedback circuit, an error amplifier, high current MOSFET switches, a shutdown/start-up
circuit, and a control circuit (Figure 25).
CHARGE PUMP 1
IN
0°
T
11
T
12
OSCILLATOR
180°
C1+
C
1F
C1–
T
13
T
14
SKIP
OUT
COM
CLK
PGND
FB
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
SYNC
–
+
CHARGE PUMP 2
T
IN
T
T
+
–
21
22
V
REF
C2+
C
2F
–
+
SHUTDOWN/
START-UP
CONTROL
C2–
T
24
23
ENABLE
OUT
+
–
0.8 × V
IN
PGND
GND
Figure 25. Functional Block Diagram TPS60111
The oscillator runs at a 50% duty cycle. The device consists of two single-ended charge pumps which operate
with 180° phase shift. Each single ended charge pump transfers charge into its transfer capacitor (C ) in one
xF
half of the period. During the other half of the period (transfer phase), C is placed in series with the input to
xF
transfer its charge to C . While one single-ended charge pump is in the charge phase, the other one is in the
O
transfer phase. This operation guarantees an almost constant output current which ensures a low output ripple.
Iftheclockweretoruncontinuously, thisprocesswouldeventuallygenerateanoutputvoltageequaltotwotimes
the input voltage (hence the name doubler). In order to provide a regulated fixed output voltage of 5 V, the
TPS60111 uses either pulse-skip mode or constant-frequency mode. Pulse-skip mode and constant-frequency
mode are externally selected via the SKIP input pin.
10
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
detailed description (continued)
start-up procedure
During start-up, i.e. when ENABLE is set from logic low to logic high, the switches T12 and T14 (charge pump
1), and the switches T22 and T24 (charge pump 2) are conducting to charge up the output capacitor until the
output voltage V reaches 0.8×V . When the start-up comparator detects this limit, the IC begins to operate
O
IN
in the mode selected with SKIP and COM. This start-up charging of the output capacitor guarantees a short
start-up time and eliminates the need for a Schottky diode between IN and OUT.
pulse-skip mode
In pulse-skip mode (SKIP = high), the error amplifier disables switching of the power stages when it detects an
output higher than 5 V. The oscillator halts. The IC then skips switching cycles until the output voltage drops
below 5 V. Then the error amplifier reactivates the oscillator and switching of the power stages starts again. The
pulse-skip regulation mode minimizes operating current because it does not switch continuously and
deactivates all functions except bandgap reference and error amplifier when the output is higher than 5 V. When
switching is disabled from the error amplifier, the load is also isolated from the input. SKIP is a logic input and
should not remain floating. The typical operating circuit of the TPS60111 in pulse skip mode is shown in Figure
1.
constant-frequency mode
When SKIP is low, the charge pump runs continuously at the frequency f
. The control circuit, fed from the
OSC
error amplifier, controls the charge on C and C by driving the gates of the FETs T /T and T /T
,
1F
2F
12 13
22 23
respectively. When the output voltage falls, the gate drive increases, resulting in a larger voltage across C
1F
and C . This regulation scheme minimizes output ripple. Since the device switches continuously, the output
2F
noise contains well-defined frequency components, and the circuit requires smaller external capacitors for a
given output ripple. However, constant-frequency mode, due to higher operating current, is less efficient at light
loads than pulse-skip mode.
SKIP COM CLK
INPUT
2.7 V to 5.4 V
OUTPUT
5 V 150 mA
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
FB
+
TPS60111
C
= 33 µF
O
+
C
IN
4.7 µF
C1+
C2+
C2–
C
1 µF
1F
C
2F
1 µF
C1–
ENABLE
SYNC
OFF/ON
PGND GND
Figure 26. Typical Operating Circuit TPS60111 in Constant Frequency Mode
Table 1. Tradeoffs Between Operating Modes
FEATURE
PULSE-SKIP MODE
(SKIP = High)
CONSTANT-FREQUENCY MODE
(SKIP = Low)
Best light-load efficiency
X
Smallest external component size for a given output ripple
Output ripple amplitude
X
Very small amplitude
Constant
Small amplitude
Variable
Output ripple frequency
Load regulation
Very good
Good
NOTE: Even in pulse-skip mode the output ripple amplitude is small if the push-pull operating mode is selected via COM.
11
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
detailed description (continued)
push-pull operating mode
In push-pull operating mode (COM = low), the two single-ended charge pumps operate with 180° phase shift.
The oscillator signal has a 50% duty cycle. Each single-ended charge pump transfers charge into its transfer
capacitor (C ) in one-half of the period. During the other half of the period (transfer phase), C is placed in
xF
xF
series with the input to transfer its charge to C . While one single-ended charge pump is in the charge phase,
O
the other one is in the transfer phase. This operation guarantees an almost constant output current which
ensures a low output ripple. COM is a logic input and should not remain floating. The typical operating circuit
of the TPS60111 in push-pull mode is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 26.
single-ended operating mode
When COM is high, the device runs in single-ended operating mode. The two single-ended charge pumps
operate in parallel without phase shift. They transfer charge into the transfer capacitor (C ) in one half of the
F
period. During the other half of the period (transfer phase), C is placed in series with the input to transfer its
F
chargetoC . Insingle-endedoperatingmodeonlyonetransfercapacitor(C =C +C )isrequired, resulting
O
F
1F
2F
in less board space.
SKIP COM CLK
INPUT
2.7 V to 5.4 V
OUTPUT
5 V 150 mA
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
FB
+
TPS60111
C
= 15 µF
O
+
C
IN
4.7 µF
C1+
C2+
C2–
C1–
ENABLE
SYNC
OFF/ON
PGND GND
C
= 2.2 µF
F
Figure 27. Typical Operating Circuit TPS60111 in Single-Ended Operating Mode
Table 2. Tradeoffs Between Operating Modes
FEATURE
PUSH-PULL MODE
(COM = Low)
SINGLE-ENDED MODE
(COM = High)
Output ripple amplitude
Smallest board space
Small amplitude
Large amplitude
X
12
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
detailed description (continued)
shutdown
Driving ENABLE low places the device in shutdown mode. This disables all switches, the oscillator, and control
logic. Thedevicetypicallydraws0.05-µA(1-µAmax)ofsupplycurrentinthismode. Leakagecurrentdrawnfrom
the output is as low as 1 µA max. The device exits shutdown once ENABLE is set high level. The typical no-load
shutdown exit time is 20 µs. When the device is in shutdown, the load is isolated from the input and the output
is high impedance.
external clock signal
Ifthedeviceoperatesatauser-definedfrequency, anexternalclocksignalcanbeused. Therefore, SYNCneeds
to be connected to IN and the external oscillator signal can drive CLK. The maximum external frequency is
limited to 800 kHz. The switching frequency of the converter is half of the external oscillator frequency. It is
recommended to operate the charge pump in constant-frequency mode if an external clock signal is used so
that the output noise contains only well-defined frequency components.
External Clock
SKIP COM CLK
INPUT
2.7 V to 5.4 V
OUTPUT
5 V 150 mA
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
FB
+
TPS60111
C
= 33 µF
O
+
C
IN
4.7 µF
C1+
C2+
C2–
C
1 µF
1F
C
2F
1 µF
C1–
ENABLE
SYNC
OFF/ON
PGND GND
Figure 28. Typical Operating Circuit TPS60111 With External Synchronization
13
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
capacitor selection
The TPS60111 requires only four external capacitors as shown in the basic application circuit. Their values are
closely linked to the output current capacity, output noise requirements, and mode of operation. Generally, the
transfer capacitors (C ) will be the smallest.
xF
Theinputcapacitorimprovessystemefficiencybyreducingtheinputimpedanceandstabilizestheinputcurrent.
C
is recommended to be about two to four times as large as C .
IN
xF
The output capacitor (C ) can be selected from 8-times to 50-times larger than C , depending on the mode
O
xF
†
of operation and ripple tolerance . Tables 3 and 4 show capacitor values recommended for low
quiescent-current operation (pulse-skip mode) and for low output voltage ripple operation (constant-frequency
mode). A recommendation is given for smallest size.
†
Table 3. Recommended Capacitor Values for Low Quiescent-Current Operation
(pulse-skip mode)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
C
IN
[µF]
C
O
[µF]
V
[V]
C
xF
[µF]
IN
I
O
[mA]
RIPPLE V
[mV]
PP
TANTALUM
CERAMIC
TANTALUM
CERAMIC
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
75
75
4.7
1
1
1
1
15
150
105
150
105
4.7 (X7R)
4.7 (X7R)
10 (X5R)
10 (X5R)
150
150
4.7
15
†
All measurements are done with additional 1-µF X7R ceramic capacitors at input and output.
†
Table 4. Recommended Capacitor Values for Low Output Voltage Ripple Operation
(constant-frequency mode)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
C
IN
[µF]
C
O
[µF]
V
[V]
I
C
xF
[µF]
IN
O
[mA]
RIPPLE V
[mV]
PP
TANTALUM
CERAMIC
TANTALUM
CERAMIC
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
75
75
4.7
1
1
1
1
33
10
6
4.7 (X7R)
4.7 (X7R)
22 + 10, (X5R)
22 + 10, (X5R)
150
150
4.7
33
17
10
†
All measurements are done with additional 1-µF X7R ceramic capacitors at input and output.
†
In constant-frequency mode always select C ≥ 33 µF
O
14
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
For the TPS60111, the smallest board space size can be achieved using Sprague’s 595D-series tantalum
capacitors for input and output. However, with the trend towards high capacitance ceramic capacitors in smaller
size packages, these type of capacitors might soon become competitive in size.
Table 5. Recommended Capacitors
MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
CAPACITANCE
TYPE
Taiyo Yuden
LMK212BJ105KG–T
LMK212BJ225MG–T
LMK316BJ475KL–T
JMK316BJ106ML–T
LMK432BJ226MM–T
1 µF
2.2 µF
4.7 µF
10 µF
22 µF
Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic
AVX
0805ZC105KAT2A
1206ZC225KAT2A
TPSC475K035R0600
TPSC156K020R0450
TPSC336K010R0375
1 µF
2.2 µF
4.7 µF
15 µF
33 µF
Ceramic
Ceramic
Tantalum
Tantalum
Tantalum
Sprague
595D475X0016A2T
595D156X06R3A2T
595D156X0016B2T
595D336X06R3A2T
595D336X0016B2T
595D336X0016C2T
4.7 µF
15 µF
15 µF
33 µF
33 µF
33 µF
Tantalum
Tantalum
Tantalum
Tantalum
Tantalum
Tantalum
Kemet
T494B475M010AS
T494C156K010AS
T494C336K010AS
4.7 µF
15 µF
33 µF
Tantalum
Tantalum
Tantalum
Table 6 lists the manufacturers of recommended capacitors. In most applications surface-mount tantalum
capacitors will be the right choice. However, ceramic capacitors will provide the lowest output voltage ripple due
to their typically lower ESR.
Table 6. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers
MANUFACTURER
Taiyo Yuden
AVX
CAPACITOR TYPE
INTERNET
X7R/X5R ceramic
www.t–yuden.com
www.avxcorp.com
X7R/X5R ceramic
TPS–series tantalum
Sprague
Kemet
595D–series tantalum
593D–series tantalum
www.vishay.com
www.kemet.com
T494–series tantalum
power dissipation
The power dissipated in the TPS60111 depends on output current and is approximated by:
2 VIN for I
must be less than that allowed by the package rating. See the ratings for 20-PowerPAD package
P
I
V
I
O
DISS
O
O
Q
P
DISS
power-dissipation limits and deratings.
15
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
layout
All capacitors should be soldered in close proximity to the IC. A PCB layout proposal for a two-layer board is
given in Figure 29. Care has been taken to connect both single-ended charge pumps symmetrically to the load
to achive optimized output voltage ripple performance. The proposed layout also provides improved thermal
performance as the exposed leadframe is soldered to the PCB. The bottom layer of the PCB is a ground plain
only. All ground areas on the PCB should be connected. Connect ground areas on top layer to the bottom layer
via through hole connections.
OUT
GND
GND
CLK
COM
SKIP
SYNC
ENABLE
C1+
C2+
GND
C1–
C2–
GND
GND
IN
Figure 29. Recommended PCB Layout for TPS60111 (top view)
The evaluation module designed for the TPS60110 can, with slight modifications, be used for evaluation of the
TPS60111. The EVM can be ordered under literature code SLVP132 or under product code
TPS60110EVM–132.
16
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
applications proposals
TPS60111 with LC output filter for ultra low ripple
For applications where extremely low output ripple is required, a small LC filter is recommended. This is shown
in Figure 30. The addition of a small inductor and filter capacitor will reduce the output ripple well below what
could be achieved with capacitors alone. The corner frequency of 500 kHz was chosen above the 300 kHz
switching frequency to avoid loop stability issues in case the feedback is taken from the output of the LC filter.
Leaving the feedback (FB) connection point before the LC filter, the filter capacitance value can be increased
to achieve even higher ripple attenuation without affecting stability margin.
0.1 µH
OUTPUT
5 V 150 mA
+
+
1 µF
SKIP COM CLK
C
= 33 µF
O
INPUT
2.7 V to 5.4 V
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
FB
TPS60111
+
C
IN
4.7 µF
C1+
C2+
C2–
C
1 µF
1F
C
2F
1 µF
C1–
ENABLE
SYNC
OFF/ON
PGND GND
Figure 30. TPS60111 With LC Filter for Ultra Low Output Ripple Applications
related information
application reports
For more application information see:
PowerPAD Application Report (Literature Number: SLMA002)
TPS6010x/TPS6011x Charge Pump Application Report (Literature Number: SLVA070)
device family products
Other devices in this family are:
LITERATURE
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER
TPS60100
TPS60101
TPS60110
SLVS213
SLVS214
SLVS215
Regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA Low-Noise Charge Pump DC/DC Converter
Regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA Low-Noise Charge Pump DC/DC Converter
Regulated 5-V, 300-mA Low-Noise Charge Pump DC/DC Converter
17
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS60111
REGULATED 5-V 150-mA LOW-NOISE
CHARGE PUMP DC/DC CONVERTER
SLVS216A – JUNE 1999 – SEPTEMBER 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
PWP (R-PDSO-G**)
PowerPAD PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE
20-PIN SHOWN
0,30
0,19
0,65
20
M
0,10
11
Thermal Pad
(See Note D)
0,15 NOM
4,50
4,30
6,60
6,20
Gage Plane
1
10
0,25
A
0°–8°
0,75
0,50
Seating Plane
0,10
0,15
0,05
1,20 MAX
PINS **
14
16
20
24
28
DIM
5,10
4,90
5,10
4,90
6,60
6,40
7,90
7,70
9,80
9,60
A MAX
A MIN
4073225/E 03/97
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions.
D. Thepackagethermalperformancemaybeenhancedbybondingthethermalpadtoanexternalthermalplane.Thispadiselectrically
and thermally connected to the backside of the die and possibly selected leads.
E. Falls within JEDEC MO-153
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
18
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
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TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in
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Copyright 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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