TPS604_技术文档

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

features

applications

D

Inverts Input Supply Voltage

Up to 60-mA Output Current

D

LCD Bias

D

GaAs Bias for RF Power Amps

Sensor Supply in Portable Instruments

Bipolar Amplifier Supply

Medical Instruments

D

Only Three Small 1-µF Ceramic Capacitors

Needed

Input Voltage Range From 1.6 V to 5.5 V

PowerSave-Mode for Improved Efficiency

at Low Output Currents (TPS60400)

Battery-Operated Equipment

DBV PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

D

Device Quiescent Current Typical 100 µA

D

Integrated Active Schottky-Diode for

Start-Up Into Load

1

2

3

5

4

C

FLY+

OUT

IN

D

Small 5-Pin SOT23 Package

Evaluation Module Available

TPS60400EVM–178

GND

C

FLY–

description

The TPS6040x is a family of devices that generate an unregulated negative output voltage from an input voltage

ranging from 1.6 V to 5.5 V. The devices are typically supplied by a preregulated supply rail of 5 V or 3.3 V. Due

to its wide input voltage range, two or three NiCd, NiMH, or alkaline battery cells, as well as one Li-Ion cell can

also power them.

Only three external 1-µF capacitors are required to build a complete dc/dc charge pump inverter. Assembled

2

in a 5-pin SOT23 package, the complete converter can be built on a 50 mm board area. Additional board area

and component count reduction is achieved by replacing the Schottky diode that is typically needed for start-up

into load by integrated circuitry.

The TPS6040x can deliver a maximum output current of 60 mA with a typical conversion efficiency of greater

than 90% over a wide output current range. Three device options with 20-kHz, 50-kHz, and 250-kHz fixed

frequency operation are available. One device comes with a variable switching frequency to reduce operating

current in applications with a wide load range and enables the design with low-value capacitors.

typical application circuit

TPS60400

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

C

1 µF

(fly)

0

–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

I

O

= 60 mA

3

5

I

O

= 30 mA

C

FLY+

FLY–

I

O

= 1 mA

TPS60400

Output

–1.6 V to –5 V,

Max 60 mA

2

1

Input

IN

OUT

1.6 V to 5.5 V

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

GND

4

T

A

= 25°C

0

1

2

3

4

5

V – Input Voltage – V

I

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments

standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include

testing of all parameters.

1

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

MARKING DBV

PACKAGE

TYPICAL FLYING CAPACITOR

†

PART NUMBER

FEATURE

[µF]

Variable switching frequency

TPS60400DBV

PFKI

1

50 kHz–250 kHz

TPS60401DBV

TPS60402DBV

TPS60403DBV

PFLI

PFMI

PFNI

10

3.3

1

Fixed frequency 20 kHz

Fixed frequency 50 kHz

Fixed frequency 250 kHz

†

The DBV package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60400DBVR) to order quantities of

3000 devices per reel. Add T suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60400DBVT) to order quantities of 250 devices per reel.

TPS60400 functional block diagram

V

I

V – VCFLY+ < 0.5 V

I

R

S

V

I

Q

Start

FF

MEAS

DC_ Startup

V < 1 V

V

I

V

O

> V

be

V

O

Q1

Q

+

OSC

CHG

V

O

Q4

V

Phase

Generator

O

C

(fly)

OSC

50 kHz

MEAS

B

Q2

Q3

Q5

V

O

> –1 V

GND

V

I

V

O

DC_ Startup

VCO_CONT

V / V

MEAS

I

O

V

O

< –V – V

I be

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

I/O

DESCRIPTION

C

5

3

4

2

Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C

(fly)

FLY+

Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C

FLY–

(fly)

GND

IN

Ground

I

Supply input. Connect to an input supply in the 1.6-V to 5.5-V range. Bypass IN to GND with a capacitor that has the

same value as the flying capacitor.

OUT

1

O

Power output with V = –V

O I

Bypass OUT to GND with the output filter capacitor C

.

O

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

detailed description

operating principle

The TPS60400, TPS60401 charge pumps invert the voltage applied to their input. For the highest performance,

use low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors (e.g., ceramic). During the first half-cycle, switches S2

and S4 open, switches S1 and S3 close, and capacitor (C ) charges to the voltage at V . During the second

(fly)

I

half-cycle, S1 and S3 open, S2 and S4 close. This connects the positive terminal of C

to GND and the

(fly)

negative to V By connecting C

in parallel, C is charged negative. The actual voltage at the output is more

positive than –V , since switches S1–S4 have resistance and the load drains charge from C .

O.

(fly)

O

I

O

V

I

S1

S2

C

(fly)

S4

V

O

(–V )

I

1 µF

C

1 µF

O

S3

GND

Figure 1. Operating Principle

charge-pump output resistance

The TPS6040x devices are not voltage regulators. The charge pumps output source resistance is

approximately 15 Ω at room temperature (with V = 5 V), and V approaches –5 V when lightly loaded. V will

I

O

droop toward GND as load current increases.

V

= –(V – R × I )

O

I

O

(1)

1

_) 4ǒ_2R

_CFLYǓ_) ESR

CO

R

[

) ESR

O

SWITCH

ƒosc C

(fly)

R

= output resistance of the converter

O

efficiency considerations

The power efficiency of a switched-capacitor voltage converter is affected by three factors: the internal losses

in the converter IC, the resistive losses of the capacitors, and the conversion losses during charge transfer

between the capacitors. The internal losses are associated with the IC’s internal functions, such as driving the

switches, oscillator, etc. These losses are affected by operating conditions such as input voltage, temperature,

and frequency. The next two losses are associated with the voltage converter circuit’s output resistance. Switch

losses occur because of the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches in the IC. Charge-pump capacitor losses

occur because of their ESR. The relationship between these losses and the output resistance is as follows:

2

P

R

+ P

= I × R

CAPACITOR LOSSES

CONVERSION LOSSES

O

= resistance of a single MOSFET-switch inside the converter

= oscillator frequency

SWITCH

f

OSC

The first term is the effective resistance from an ideal switched-capacitor circuit. Conversion losses occur during

the charge transfer between C

and C when there is a voltage difference between them. The power loss is:

(fly)

O

(2)

1

2

1

2

I

2

_(fly)ǒ_V

Ǔ₎₂_Oǒ_V

Ǔ

ƫ

O RIPPLE

₊ƪ

P

C

* V

C

* 2V V

ƒ

osc

CONV.LOSS

O

RIPPLE

3

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

efficiency considerations (continued)

The efficiency of the TPS6040x devices is dominated by their quiescent supply current at low output current and

by their output impedance at higher current.

I

R

O

h ^

ǒ

1 *

Ǔ

I

) I

V

O

Q

I

Where, I = quiescent current.

Q

capacitor selection

To maintain the lowest output resistance, use capacitors with low ESR (see Table 1). The charge-pump output

resistance is a function of C ’s and C ’s ESR. Therefore, minimizing the charge-pump capacitor’s ESR

(fly)

O

minimizes the total output resistance. The capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current and

the output noise and ripple requirements. It is possible to only use 1-µF capacitors of the same type.

input capacitor (C )

I

Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its ac impedance and the impact of the TPS6040x switching noise. The

recommended bypassing depends on the circuit configuration and where the load is connected. When the

inverter is loaded from OUT to GND, current from the supply switches between 2 x I and zero. Therefore, use

O

alargebypasscapacitor(e.g., equaltothevalueofC

)ifthesupplyhashighacimpedance. Whentheinverter

(fly)

is loaded from IN to OUT, the circuit draws 2 × I constantly, except for short switching spikes. A 0.1-µF bypass

O

capacitor is sufficient.

flying capacitor (C

)

(fly)

Increasing the flying capacitor’s size reduces the output resistance. Small values increases the output

resistance. Above a certain point, increasing C ’s capacitance has a negligible effect, because the output

(fly)

resistance becomes dominated by the internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR.

output capacitor (C )

O

Increasingtheoutputcapacitor’ssizereducestheoutputripplevoltage. DecreasingitsESRreducesbothoutput

resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be

tolerated. Use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple.

I

O

C

V

+

) 2 I ESR

O(ripple)

O

CO

f

osc

o

Table 1. Recommended Capacitor Values

V

I

C

O

[µF]

I

O

(fly)

I

DEVICE

[V]

[mA]

[µF]

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

1.8…5.5

60

1

60

10

3.3

1

10

3.3

1

10

3.3

1

60

4

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

detailed description (continued)

Table 2. Recommended Capacitors

MANUFACTURER

PART NUMBER

SIZE

CAPACITANCE

TYPE

Taiyo Yuden

EMK212BJ474MG

LMK212BJ105KG

LMK212BJ225MG

EMK316BJ225KL

LMK316BJ475KL

JMK316BJ106KL

0805

1206

0.47 µF

1 µF

2.2 µF

4.7 µF

10 µF

Ceramic

TDK

C2012X5R1C105M

C2012X5R1A225M

C2012X5R1A335M

0805

1 µF

2.2 µF

3.3 µF

Ceramic

Table 3 contains a list of manufacturers of the recommended capacitors. Ceramic capacitors will provide the

lowest output voltage ripple because they typically have the lowest ESR-rating.

Table 3. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers

MANUFACTURER

Taiyo Yuden

TDK

CAPACITOR TYPE

X7R/X5R ceramic

INTERNET

www.t-yuden.com

www.component.tdk.com

www.vishay.com

Vishay

Kemet

www.kemet.com

†

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

Voltage range: IN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 5.5 V

OUT to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –5.0 V to 0.3 V

C

to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to (V – 0.3 V)

FLY–

FLY+

O

to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (V + 0.3 V)

I

Continuous power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table

Continuous output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 mA

Storage temperature range, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to 150°C

stg

Maximum junction temperature, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C

J

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and

functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not

implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE

T

< 25°C

DERATING FACTOR

T

= 70°C

T = 85°C

A

POWER RATING

A

PACKAGE

POWER RATING

ABOVE T = 25°C

POWER RATING

A

DBV

437 mW

3.5 mW/°C

280 mW

227 mW

5

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

recommended operating conditions

MIN NOM

MAX

5.25

60

UNIT

V

Input voltage range, V

1.8

I

Output current range at OUT, I

mA

µF

O

Input capacitor, C

0

C

I

(fly)

1

Flying capacitor, C

(fly)

µF

Output capacitor, C

1

100

125

µF

O

Operating junction temperature, T

–40

°C

J

electrical characteristics at C = C

recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

= C (according to Table 1), T = –40°C to 85°C, V = 5 V over

I

(fly)

O

C

I

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

MIN

1.8

1.6

60

TYP

MAX

UNIT

At T = –40°C to 85°C,

R

= 5 kΩ

R = 5 kΩ

L

5.25

C

L

V

I

Supply voltage range

V

At T ≥ 0°C,

C

I

O

Maximum output current at V

Output voltage

mA

V

O

V

O

–V

I

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

TPS60400

TPS60401

TPS60402

TPS60403

C

= 1 µF, C = 2.2 µF

35

20

(fly)

O

= C = 10 µF

O

V

Output voltage ripple

I

= 5 mA

mV

P–P

O

= C = 3.3 µF

20

O

= C = 1 µF

15

O

125

65

270

190

270

700

210

135

210

640

350

28

At V = 5 V

I

µA

kHz

Ω

120

425

Quiescent current (no-load input

current)

I

Q

At T ≤ 60°C,

V = 5 V

I

TPS60400 VCO version

TPS60401

30 50–250

13

30

20

f

OSC

Internal switching frequency

TPS60402

50

250

12

70

300

15

TPS60403

150

TPS60400 C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

I

(fly)

TPS60401 C = C

= C = 10 µF

12

15

I

O

Impedance at 25°C, V = 5 V

I

TPS60402 C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

12

15

I

O

TPS60403 C = C

= C = 1 µF

12

15

I

O

6

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Table of Graphs

FIGURE

η

Efficiency

vs Output current at 3.3 V, 5 V

2, 3

4, 5

6, 7

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

I

Input current

Supply current

Output resistance

vs Output current

I

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

vs Input voltage

S

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

vs Input voltage at –40°C, 0°C, 25°C, 85°C

8, 9, 10,

11

TPS60400, C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

I

(fly)

TPS60401, C = C

= C = 10 µF

O

I

TPS60402 , C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

I

(fly)

O

TPS60403, C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

I

V

O

Output voltage

vs Output current at 25°C, V =1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V

IN

12, 13,

14, 15

TPS60400, C = C

= C = 1 µF

I

(fly)

O

TPS60401, C = C

= C = 10 µF

O

TPS60402 , C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

I

O

TPS60403, C = C

= C = 1 µF

O

I

f

Oscillator frequency

vs Temperature at V = 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V

I

16, 17,

18, 19

OSC

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

Oscillator frequency

vs Output current TPS60400 at 2 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V

20

OSC

Output ripple and noise

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 1 µF (TPS60400)

21, 22

I

O

I

(fly)

O

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 10 µF (TPS60401)

O

I

O

I

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 3.3 µF (TPS60402)

O

V = 5 V, I = 30 mA, C = C

= C = 1 µF (TPS60403)

O

I

TPS60400, TPS60401

EFFICIENCY

vs

TPS60402, TPS60403

EFFICIENCY

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

TPS60403

V = 5 V

I

TPS60400

V = 5 V

I

TPS60401

V = 5 V

I

TPS60402

V = 5 V

I

TPS60401

V = 3.3 V

I

TPS60403

V = 3.3 V

I

TPS60400

V = 3.3 V

TPS60402

V = 3.3 V

I

T

A

= 25°C

T = 25°C

A

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

I

O

– Output Current – mA

I

O

– Output Current – mA

Figure 2

Figure 3

7

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400, TPS60401

INPUT CURRENT

vs

TPS60402, TPS60403

INPUT CURRENT

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

10

1

100

10

1

T

A

= 25°C

T

= 25°C

A

TPS60400

V = 5 V

I

TPS60403

V = 5 V

I

TPS60401

V = 5 V

I

TPS60403

V = 2 V

I

TPS60401

V = 2 V

I

TPS60402

V = 5 V

I

TPS60400

TPS60402

V = 2 V

I

V = 2 V

I

0.1

1

10

100

1

10

100

I

O

– Output Current – mA

I

O

– Output Current – mA

Figure 4

Figure 5

TPS60400, TPS60401

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

TPS60402, TPS60403

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.6

0.4

I

T

= 0 mA

= 25°C

I

T

= 0 mA

= 25°C

O

A

O

A

TPS60403

0.2

TPS60400

TPS60402

4

TPS60401

4

0

1

2

3

5

0

1

2

3

5

V – Input Voltage – V

I

V – Input Voltage – V

I

Figure 6

Figure 7

8

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60401

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

TPS60400

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

I

= 30 mA

O

I

= 30 mA

O

C = C

= C = 10 µF

O

(fly)

C = C

I

= C = 1 µF

(fly)

O

T

A

= 85°C

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 85°C

5

0

T

A

= –40°C

T

A

= –40°C

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

V – Input Voltage – V

I

V – Input Voltage – V

I

Figure 8

Figure 9

TPS60402

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

TPS60403

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

I

= 30 mA

I

= 30 mA

O

I

O

I

C = C

= C = 3.3 µF

C = C

= C = 1 µF

(fly)

O

(fly)

O

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

T

= 85°C

A

T

= 85°C

A

T

A

= –40°C

5

0

5

0

T

A

= –40°C

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

V – Input Voltage – V

I

V – Input Voltage – V

I

Figure 10

Figure 11

9

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

TPS60401

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

T

A

= 25°C

T = 25°C

A

–1

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 5 V

I

0

10

I

20

30

40

50

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

– Output Current – mA

I

O

– Output Current – mA

O

Figure 12

Figure 13

TPS60403

TPS60402

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

T

A

= 25°C

T

A

= 25°C

–1

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 5 V

I

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

I

O

– Output Current – mA

I

O

– Output Current – mA

Figure 14

Figure 15

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60401

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

TPS60400

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

24

23.8

23.6

23.4

23.2

23

250

200

I

O

= 10 mA

I

O

= 10 mA

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

150

100

V = 2.5 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

22.8

22.6

22.4

V = 5 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

50

0

22.2

22

–40–30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

T

A

– Free-Air Temperature – °C

T

A

– Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 16

Figure 17

TPS60403

TPS60402

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180

170

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

V = 5 V

I

O

= 10 mA

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 5 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

V = 3.3 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 2.5 V

I

V = 1.8 V

I

50

49

I

= 10 mA

160

150

O

–40–30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

T

A

– Free-Air Temperature – °C

T

A

– Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 18

Figure 19

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

TPS60401, TPS60402

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

TIME

300

V = 5 V

I

T

A

= 25°C

I

O

= 30 mA

TPS60401

V = 3.3 V

250

200

150

100

I

V = 1.8 V

I

V = 5 V

I

50 mV/DIV

TPS60402

50

0

50 mV/DIV

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

20 µs/DIV

t – Time – µs

Figure 21

I

O

– Output Current – mA

Figure 20

TPS60400, TPS60403

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

TIME

V = 5 V

I

O

I

= 30 mA

TPS60400

100 mV/DIV

TPS60403

50 mV/DIV

4 µs/DIV

t – Time – µs

Figure 22

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

voltage inverter

The most common application for these devices is a charge-pump voltage inverter (see Figure 23). This

application requires only two external components; capacitors C and C , plus a bypass capacitor, if

(fly)

O

necessary. Refer to the capacitor selection section for suggested capacitor types.

C

1 µF

(fly)

3

5

C1–

C1+

TPS60400

2

1

–5 V,

Max 60 mA

Input 5 V

IN

OUT

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

GND

4

Figure 23. Typical Operating Circuit

For the maximum output current and best performance, three ceramic capacitors of 1 µF (TPS60400,

TPS60403) are recommended. For lower currents or higher allowed output voltage ripple, other capacitors can

also be used. It is recommended that the output capacitors has a minimum value of 1 µF. With flying capacitors

lower than 1 µF, the maximum output power will decrease.

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SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

RC-post filter

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

R

P

3

V

O

(–V )

I

C1–

GND

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

C

P

I

O

GND

Figure 24. TPS60400 and TPS60401 With RC-Post Filter

An output filter can easily be formed with a resistor (R ) and a capacitor (C ). Cutoff frequency is given by:

P

1

ƒ +

(1)

c

2pR C

P

and ratio V /V

is:

O

OUT

V

O

1

Ť Ť

(2)

⁺Ǹ

V

_{1 )}ǒ_{2pƒR C}_PǓ²

OUT

P

V

O

_{with R = 50 Ω, C = 0.1 µF and f = 250 kHz:}Ť Ť_+ 0.125

P

V

OUT

The formula refers only to the relation between output and input of the ac ripple voltages of the filter.

LC-post filter

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

V

OUT

TPS60400

IN

L

P

3

V

O

(–V )

I

C1–

GND

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

C

P

I

O

GND

Figure 25. LC-Post Filter

Figure 25 shows a configuration with a LC-post filter to further reduce output ripple and noise.

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

Table 4. Measurement Results on the TPS60400 (Typical)

C

[µF]

C

[µF]

C

P

I

(fly)

[µF]

O

BW = 500 MHz BW = 20 MHz

V

[V]

I

L

[µH]

V

POUT

I

O(2)

P

[µF]

V

POUT

[mV]

POUT

[mV]

[mA]

VACeff [mV]

V

P–P

240

CERAMIC CERAMIC CERAMIC

CERAMIC

P–P

320

5

60

1

2.2

1

65

32

58

60

30

8

120

260

220

120

50

240

200

100

28

0.1 (X7R)

1

0.1

2.2

10

rail splitter

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

C3

1 µF

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

C1–

V

O

(–V )

I

3

GND

C

1 µF

I

C

1 µF

O

GND

Figure 26. TPS60400 as a High-Efficiency Rail Splitter

A switched-capacitor voltage inverter can be configured as a high efficiency rail-splitter. This circuit provides a

bipolar power supply that is useful in battery powered systems to supply dual-rail ICs, like operational amplifiers.

Moreover, the SOT23-5 package and associated components require very little board space.

After power is applied, the flying capacitor (C

This equalizes the voltage on those capacitors and draws current from V to V as required to maintain the

) connects alternately across the output capacitors C and C .

3 O

(fly)

I

O

output at 1/2 V .

I

The maximum input voltage between V and GND in the schematic (or between IN and OUT at the device itself)

I

must not exceed 6.5 V.

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

combined doubler/inverter

In the circuit of Figure 27, capacitors C , C

, and C form the inverter, while C1 and C2 form the doubler. C1

O

I

(fly)

and C

are the flying capacitors; C and C2 are the output capacitors. Because both the inverter and doubler

(fly)

O

use part of the charge-pump circuit, loading either output causes both outputs to decline toward GND. Make

surethesumofthecurrentsdrawnfromthetwooutputsdoesnotexceed60mA. Themaximumoutputcurrentat

V

must not exceed 30 mA. If the negative output is loaded, this current must be further reduced.

(pos)

I ≈ –I + 2 × I

I

O

O(POS)

V

I

C

1 µF

+

(fly)

C

D

2

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

V

(pos)

+

TPS60400

IN

C1–

–V

I

3

GND

+

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

I

O

C

2

+

GND

Figure 27. TPS60400 as Doubler/Inverter

cascading devices

Two devices can be cascaded to produce an even larger negative voltage (see Figure 28). The unloaded output

voltage is normally –2 × V , but this is reduced slightly by the output resistance of the first device multiplied by the

I

quiescent current of the second. When cascading more than two devices, the output resistance rises

dramatically.

V

I

V

O

(–2 V )

I

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

1

2

5

4

5

4

OUT

C1+

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

C1–

IN

C1–

3

GND

+

C

1 µF

O

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

+

GND

Figure 28. Doubling Inverter

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

paralleling devices

Paralleling multiple TPS6040xs reduces the output resistance. Each device requires its own flying capacitor

(C ), but the output capacitor (C ) serves all devices (see Figure 29). Increase C ’s value by a factor of n,

(fly)

O

where n is the number of parallel devices. Equation 1 shows the equation for calculating output resistance.

V

I

C

1 µF

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

1

2

5

4

5

4

OUT

C1+

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

V

O

(–V )

I

IN

3

C1–

GND

C1–

GND

C

2.2 µF

O

C

1 µF

I

+

GND

Figure 29. Paralleling Devices

active-Schottky diode

For a short period of time, when the input voltage is applied, but the inverter is not yet working, the output

capacitor is charged positive by the load. To prevent the output being pulled above GND, a Schottky diode must

beaddedinparalleltotheoutput. ThefunctionofthisdiodeisintegratedintotheTPS6040xdevices, whichgives

a defined startup performance and saves board space.

A current sink and a diode in series can approximate the behavior of a typical, modern operational amplifier.

Figure 30 shows the current into this typical load at a given voltage. The TPS6040x devices are optimized to

start into these loads.

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

+V

Load Current

Typical

Load

5

3

C1+

C1–

–V

60 mA

TPS60400

V

O

(–V )

I

2

OUT

0.4 V

IN

1

25 mA

I

O

C

1 µF

I

C

O

1 µF

GND

4

Voltage at the Load

0.4 V 1.25 V

5 V

GND

Figure 30. Typical Load

Figure 31. Maximum Start-Up Current

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

shutting down the TPS6040x

If shutdown is necessary, use the circuit in Figure 32. The output resistance of the TPS6040x will typically be

15 Ω plus two times the output resistance of the buffer.

Connecting multiple buffers in parallel can reduce the output resistance of the buffer driving the IN pin.

V

I

V

O

(–V )

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

C

1 µF

O

IN

SDN

GND

3

C1–

GND

C

1 µF

I

GND

Figure 32. Shutdown Control

GaAs supply

Asolutionfora–2.7-V/3-mAGaAsbiassupplyisproposedinFigure33. Theinputvoltageof3.3Visfirstinverted

with a TPS60403 and stabilized using a TLV431 low-voltage shunt regulator. Resistor R with capacitor C is

P

used for filtering the output voltage.

R

P

V (3.3 V)

I

V

O

(–2.7 V/3 mA)

C

0.1 µF

(fly)

R2

R1

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

C

1 µF

C

P

O

TPS60400

IN

TLV431

3

C1–

GND

C

I

0.1 µF

GND

Figure 33. GaAs Supply

R1

R2

_+ *ǒ_{1 )}

Ǔ

V

V * R1 I

ref

O

I(ref)

A 0.1-µF capacitor was selected for C

. By this, the output resistance of the inverter is about 52 Ω.

(fly)

18

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

GaAs supply (continued)

R

can be calculated using the following equation:

PMAX

V

* V

CO

O

R

+

ǒ

* R

Ǔ

PMAX

O

I

O

With: V

= –3.3 V; V = –2.7 V; I = –3 mA

CO

O O

R

= 200 Ω – 52 Ω = 148 Ω

PMAX

A 100-Ω resistor was selected for R .

P

The reference voltage across R2 is 1.24 V typical. With 5-µA current for the voltage divider, R2 gets:

1.24 V

5 mA

R2 +

R1 +

[ 250 kW

2.7 * 1.24 V

5 mA

[ 300 kW

With C = 1 µF the ratio V /V of the RC post filter is:

P

O

I

V

O

1

Ť Ť₊

[ 0.01

V

I

2

Ǹ_{1 ) 2p125000Hz 100W 1 mF}

(

)

step-down charge pump

By exchanging GND with OUT (connecting the GND pin with OUT and the OUT pin with GND), a step-down

charge pump can easily be formed. In the first cycle S1 and S3 are closed, and C with C in series are

(fly)

O

charged. Assuming the same capacitance, the voltage across C

and C is split equally between the

(fly)

O

capacitors. In the second cycle, S2 and S4 close and both capacitors with V /2 across are connected in parallel.

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

V

I

V

I

S1

1

2

5

4

C

+

OUT

C1+

(fly)

S4

TPS60400

GND

IN

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

3

S2

)

S3

V

O

(V

)

I/2

C1–

GND

C

1 µF

I

C

1 µF

O

V

O

(V

)

I/2

V

O

(V

I/2

GND

Figure 35. Step-Down Charge Pump Connection

Figure 34. Step-Down Principle

The maximum input voltage between V and GND in the schematic (or between IN and OUT at the device itself)

I

must not exceed 6.5 V. For input voltages in the range of 6.5 V to 11 V, an additional Zener-diode is

recommended (see Figure 36).

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

5V6

V

I

C

1 µF

(fly)

1

2

5

4

OUT

C1+

TPS60400

IN

3

C1–

GND

V

O

– V

I

C

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

I

GND

Figure 36.

power dissipation

As given in the data sheet, the thermal resistance of the unsoldered package is R

= 347°C/W. Soldered on

θJA

the EVM, a typical thermal resistance of R

= 180°C/W was measured.

θJA(EVM)

The terminal resistance can be calculated using the following equation:

T * T

J

A

R

+

qJA

P

D

Where:

T is the junction temperature.

J

T is the ambient temperature.

A

P is the power that needs to be dissipated by the device.

D

T * T

J

A

R

+

qJA

P

D

The maximum power dissipation can be calculated using the following equation:

P = V × I – V × I = V × (I + I ) – V × I

D

I

O

I(max)

O

(SUPPLY)

O

The maximum power dissipation happens with maximum input voltage and maximum output current.

At maximum load the supply current is 0.7 mA maximum.

P = 5 V × (60 mA + 0.7 mA) – 4.4 V × 60 mA = 40 mW

D

With this maximum rating and the thermal resistance of the device on the EVM, the maximum temperature rise

above ambient temperature can be calculated using the following equation:

∆T = R

× P = 180°C/W × 40 mW = 7.2°C

D

J

θJA

This means that the internal dissipation increases T by <10°C.

J

The junction temperature of the device shall not exceed 125°C.

This means the IC can easily be used at ambient temperatures up to:

T = T

– ∆T = 125°C/W – 10°C = 115°C

J

A

J(max)

20

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

layout and board space

All capacitors should be soldered as close as possible to the IC. A PCB layout proposal for a single-layer board

is shown in Figure 37. Care has been taken to connect all capacitors as close as possible to the circuit to achieve

optimized output voltage ripple performance.

CFLY

IN

OUT

GND

U1

TPS60400

Figure 37. Recommended PCB Layout for TPS6040x (top layer)

device family products

Other inverting dc-dc converters from Texas Instruments are listed in Table 5.

Table 5. Product Identification

PART NUMBER

TPS6735

DESCRIPTION

Fixed negative 5-V, 200-mA inverting dc-dc converter

Adjustable 1-W inverting dc-dc converter

TPS6755

21

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UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

MECHANICAL DATA

DBV (R-PDSO-G5)

PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE

0,50

M

0,20

0,95

0,30

5

4

0,15 NOM

1,70

1,50

3,00

2,60

1

3

Gage Plane

3,00

2,80

0,25

0°–8°

0,55

0,35

Seating Plane

0,10

1,45

0,95

0,05 MIN

4073253-4/F 10/00

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.

C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion.

D. Falls within JEDEC MO-178

22

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IMPORTANT NOTICE

Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue

any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information

to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold

subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those

pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability.

TI warrants performance of its products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with

TI’sstandardwarranty. TestingandotherqualitycontroltechniquesareutilizedtotheextentTIdeemsnecessary

to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except

those mandated by government requirements.

Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components.

In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating

safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards.

TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent

that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other

intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such

products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products

or services does not constitute TI’s approval, license, warranty or endorsement thereof.

Reproduction of information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without

alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations and notices. Representation

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Resale of TI’s products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for

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Also see: Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale for Semiconductor Products. www.ti.com/sc/docs/stdterms.htm

Mailing Address:

Texas Instruments

Post Office Box 655303

Dallas, Texas 75265


型号：	TPS604
厂家：	TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述：	UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER 非稳压60毫安电荷泵电压逆变器泵
文件：	总23页 (文件大小：431K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

TPS604 [TI]

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