TPS62231DRYT [TI]

3 MHz Ultra Small Step Down Converter in 1x1.5 SON Package; 3 MHz的超小型降压转换器, 1x1.5 SON封装
TPS62231DRYT
型号: TPS62231DRYT
厂家: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS    TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述:

3 MHz Ultra Small Step Down Converter in 1x1.5 SON Package
3 MHz的超小型降压转换器, 1x1.5 SON封装

转换器 稳压器 开关式稳压器或控制器 电源电路 开关式控制器 光电二极管 PC
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TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
3 MHz Ultra Small Step Down Converter in 1x1.5 SON Package  
1
FEATURES  
DESCRIPTION  
3 MHz switch frequency  
Up to 94% efficiency  
The TPS6223X device family is a high frequency  
synchronous step down DC-DC converter optimized  
for battery powered portable applications. It supports  
up to 500mA output current and allows the use of tiny  
and low cost chip inductors and capacitors.  
Output Peak Current up to 500mA  
Excellent AC and Transient Load Regulation  
High PSRR (up to 90dB)  
Small External Output Filter Components  
1.0µH/ 4.7µF  
With a wide input voltage range of 2.05V to 6V the  
device supports applications powered by Li-Ion  
batteries with extended voltage range. The minimum  
input voltage of 2.05V allows as well the operation  
from Li-primary or two alkaline batteries. Different  
fixed output voltage versions are available from 1.2V  
to 2.5V.  
VIN range from 2.05V to 6V  
Optimized Power Save Mode For Low Output  
Ripple Voltage  
Forced PWM Mode Operation  
Typ. 22 µA Quiescent Current  
The TPS6223X series features switch frequency up  
to 3.8MHz. At medium to heavy loads, the converter  
operates in PWM mode and automatically enters  
Power Save Mode operation at light load currents to  
maintain high efficiency over the entire load current  
range.  
100% Duty Cycle for Lowest Dropout  
Small 1 × 1.5 × 0.6mm3 SON Package  
12 mm2 Minimum Solution Size  
Supports 0.6 mm Maximum Solution Height  
Soft Start with typ. 100µs Start Up Time  
Because of its excellent PSRR and AC load  
regulation performance, the device is also suitable to  
replace linear regulators to obtain better power  
conversion efficiency.  
APPLICATIONS  
LDO Replacement  
Portable Audio, Portable Media  
Cell Phones  
Low Power Wireless  
Low Power DSP Core Supply  
Digital Cameras  
The Power Save Mode in TPS6223X reduces the  
quiescent current consumption down to 22µA during  
light load operation. It is optimized to achieve very  
low output voltage ripple even with small external  
component and features excellent ac load regulation.  
For very noise sensitive applications, the device can  
be forced to PWM Mode operation over the entire  
load range by pulling the MODE pin high. In the  
shutdown mode, the current consumption is reduced  
to less than 1µA. The TPS6223X is available in a 1 ×  
1.5mm2 6 pin SON package.  
V
IN  
L
TPS62231  
1/2.2 mH  
V
2.05 V - 6 V  
OUT  
VIN  
SW  
1.8 V  
C
FB  
EN  
IN  
C
OUT  
MODE  
GND  
2.2 mF  
4.7 mF  
Total area  
12mm²  
L1  
V
IN  
C2  
GND  
V OUT  
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas  
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.  
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED this document contains  
PRODUCTION DATA information current as of publication date.  
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas  
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not  
necessarily include testing of all parameters.  
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
SLVS941APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com  
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam  
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
PACKAGE  
DESIGNATOR  
PACKAGE  
MARKING  
TA  
PART NUMBER(1)  
TPS62230  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE(2)  
ORDERING  
2.5 V  
1.8 V  
1.2 V  
1.0 V  
1.3 V  
1.5 V  
2.0 V  
2.1 V  
2.25 V  
2.3 V  
2.7 V  
2.9 V  
3.0 V  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
TPS62230DRY  
TPS62231DRY  
TPS62232DRY  
GV  
GW  
GX  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
TPS6223-1.0(3)  
TPS6223-1.3(3)  
TPS6223-1.5(3)  
TPS6223-2.0(3)  
TPS6223-2.1(3)  
TPS6223-2.25(3)  
TPS6223-2.3(3)  
TPS6223-2.7(3)  
TPS6223-2.9(3)  
TPS6223-3.0(3)  
–40°C to 85°C  
(1) The DRY package is available in tape on reel. Add R suffix to order quantities of 3000 parts per reel, T suffix for 250 parts per reel.  
(2) Contact TI for other fixed output voltage options  
(3) Device status is product preview, contact TI for more details  
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS  
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)  
(1)  
VALUE  
–0.3 to 7  
UNIT  
Voltage at VIN and SW Pin(2)  
Voltage at EN, MODE Pin(2)  
V
V
V
A
VI  
–0.3 to VIN +0.3, 7  
–0.3 to 3.6  
internally limited  
2
(2)  
Voltage at FB Pin  
Peak output current  
ESD rating(3)  
HBM Human body model  
CDM Charge device model  
Machine model  
kV  
V
1
200  
Power dissipation  
Internally limited  
–40 to 125  
–65 to 150  
TJ  
Maximum operating junction temperature  
Storage temperature range  
°C  
°C  
Tstg  
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings  
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating  
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.  
(2) All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal.  
(3) The human body model is a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kresistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200-pF  
capacitor discharged directly into each pin.  
DISSIPATION RATINGS(1)  
POWER RATING  
FOR TA 25°C  
DERATING FACTOR  
ABOVE TA = 25°C  
PACKAGE  
RθJA  
1 × 1.5 SON  
234°C/W(2)  
420 mW  
4.2 mW/°C  
(1) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient  
temperature is PD = [TJ(max) – TA] /θJA  
(2) This thermal data is measured with high-K board (4 layers board according to JESD51-7 JEDEC standard).  
.
2
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Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62230 TPS62231 TPS62232  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS  
operating ambient temperature TA = –40 to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)(1)  
MIN  
NOM  
MAX UNIT  
(2)  
Supply voltage VIN  
2.05  
6
V
Effective inductance  
Effective capacitance  
2.2  
4.7  
3.0  
2.5  
µH  
µF  
2.0  
(4)  
V
OUT VIN -1 V(3)  
500 mA maximum IOUT  
3.6  
2.7  
Recommended minimum  
supply voltage  
(5)  
350mA maximum IOUT  
60 mA maximum output current(5)  
V
VOUT 1.8V  
2.05  
125  
Operating virtual junction temperature range, TJ  
–40  
°C  
(1) In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may  
have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA(max)) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ(max)), the  
maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD(max)), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the part/package  
in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation: TA(max) = TJ(max) – (θJA × PD(max)).  
(2) The minimum required supply voltage for startup is 2.05 V. The part is functional down to the falling UVL (Under Voltage Lockout)  
threshold.  
(3) For a voltage difference between minimum VIN and VOUT of 1 V  
(4) Typical value applies for TA = 25°C, maximum value applies for TA = 70°C with TJ 125°C, PCB layout needs to support proper thermal  
performance.  
(5) Typical value applies for TA = 25°C, maximum value applies for TA = 85°C with TJ 125°C, PCB layout needs to support proper thermal  
performance.  
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS62230 TPS62231 TPS62232  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
SLVS941APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com  
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS  
VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V, EN = VIN, MODE = GND, TA = –40°C to 85°C(1) typical values are at TA = 25°C (unless otherwise  
noted), CIN = 2.2µF, L = 2.2µH, COUT = 4.7µF, see parameter measurement information  
PARAMETER  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX UNIT  
SUPPLY  
(2)  
VIN  
Input voltage range  
2.05  
6
V
IOUT = 0mA. PFM mode enabled (Mode = 0)  
device not switching  
22  
25  
3
40  
µA  
IOUT = 0mA. PFM mode enabled (Mode = 0)  
device switching, VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.2V  
µA  
IQ  
Operating quiescent current  
IOUT = 0 mA. Switching with no load  
(MODE/DATA = VIN), PWM operation,  
VOUT = 1.8V, L = 2.2µH  
mA  
ISD  
Shutdown current  
EN = GND(3)  
0.1  
1.8  
1.9  
1
1.9  
µA  
V
Falling  
VUVLO  
Undervoltage lockout threshold  
Rising  
2.05  
V
ENABLE, MODE THRESHOLD  
VIH TH Threshold for detecting high EN, MODE 2.05 V VIN 6V , rising edge  
VIL TH HYS Threshold for detecting low EN, MODE 2.05 V VIN 6V , falling edge  
0.8  
0.6  
1
V
V
0.4  
IIN  
Input bias Current, EN, MODE  
EN, MODE = GND or VIN = 3.6V  
0.01  
0.5  
µA  
POWER SWITCH  
High side MOSFET on-resistance  
600  
350  
850  
850  
480  
RDS(ON)  
VIN = 3.6V, TJmax = 85°C; RDS(ON) max value  
VIN = 3.6V, open loop  
mΩ  
Low Side MOSFET on-resistance  
Forward current limit MOSFET  
high-side  
690  
550  
1050 mA  
ILIMF  
TSD  
Forward current limit MOSFET low side  
Thermal shutdown  
840  
150  
20  
1220 mA  
Increasing junction temperature  
Decreasing junction temperature  
°C  
°C  
Thermal shutdown hysteresis  
CONTROLLER  
TONmin  
TOFFmin  
OUTPUT  
VREF  
Minimum ON time  
VIN 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V, Mode = high, IOUT = 0 mA  
135  
40  
ns  
ns  
Minimum OFF time  
Internal Reference Voltage  
Output voltage accuracy(4)  
0.70  
0%  
V
VOUT  
VIN = 3.6V, Mode = GND, device operating in PFM  
Mode, IOUT = 0mA  
VIN = 3.6V, MODE = VIN  
IOUT = 0 mA  
,
TA = 25°C  
–2.0%  
2.0%  
2.5%  
%/mA  
%/V  
TA = –40°C to 85°C –2.5%  
DC output voltage load regulation  
DC output voltage line regulation  
Start-up Time  
PWM operation, Mode = VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8 V  
0.001  
0
IOUT = 0 mA, Mode = VIN, 2.05V VIN 6V  
tStart  
Time from active EN to VOUT = 1.8V, VIN = 3.6V,  
100  
µs  
10load  
ILK_SW  
Leakage current into SW pin  
VIN = VOUT = VSW = 3.6 V, EN = GND(5)  
0.1  
0.5  
µA  
(1) In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may  
have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA(max)) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ(max)), the  
maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD(max)), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the  
part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation: TA(max) = TJ(max) – (θJA × PD(max)).  
(2) The minimum required supply voltage for startup is 2.05V. The part is functional down to the falling UVL (Under Voltage Lockout)  
threshold  
(3) Shutdown current into VIN pin, includes internal leakage  
(4) VIN = VO + 1.0 V  
(5) The internal resistor divider network is disconnected from FB pin.  
4
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Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62230 TPS62231 TPS62232  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
DRY PACKAGE  
(TOP VIEW)  
6
5
4
1
2
3
MODE  
SW  
FB  
EN  
VIN  
GND  
PIN FUNCTIONS  
PIN  
I/O  
DESCRIPTION  
NAME  
VIN  
NO  
3
PWR VIN power supply pin.  
PWR GND supply pin  
GND  
EN  
4
5
IN  
This is the enable pin of the device. Pulling this pin to low forces the device into shutdown mode. Pulling  
this pin to high enables the device. This pin must be terminated.  
SW  
2
OUT  
This is the switch pin and is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. Connect the inductor to this  
terminal  
FB  
6
1
IN  
IN  
Feedback Pin for the internal regulation loop. Connect this pin directly to the output capacitor.  
MODE  
MODE pin = high forces the device to operate in PWM mode. Mode = low enables the Power Save Mode  
with automatic transition from PFM (Pulse frequency mode) to PWM (pulse width modulation) mode.  
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM  
VIN  
Undervoltage  
Lockout  
VREF  
0.70 V  
Current  
Bandgap  
Limit Comparator  
Limit  
High Side  
MODE  
Softstart  
MODE  
PMOS  
VIN  
Gate Driver  
Anti  
Shoot-Through  
Min. On Time  
Control  
Logic  
SW  
FB  
EN  
Min. OFF Time  
VREF  
NMOS  
FB  
Limit  
Low Side  
Integrated  
Feed Back  
Network  
Error  
Comparator  
Thermal  
Shutdown  
Zero/Negative  
Current Limit Comparator  
EN  
GND  
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS62230 TPS62231 TPS62232  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
SLVS941APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com  
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION  
TPS6223X  
L = 1/2.2 mH  
V
= 2.05 V to 6 V  
IN  
V
OUT  
VIN  
SW  
FB  
C
C
EN  
IN  
OUT  
4.7 mF  
2.2 mF  
MODE  
GND  
C
: Murata GRM155R60J225ME15D 2.2 mF 0402 size  
IN  
C
C
: Murata GRM188R60J475ME 4.7 mF 0603 size, VOUT >= 1.8 V  
: Taiyo Yuden AMK105BJ475MV 4.7 mF 0402 size, VOUT = 1.2 V  
OUT  
OUT  
l: Murata LQM2HPN1R0MJ0 1 mH, LQM2HPN2R2MJ0 2.2 mH,  
size 2.5x2.0x1.2mm3  
6
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Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62230 TPS62231 TPS62232  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS  
Table of Graphs  
FIGURE  
η
Efficiency  
vs Load current  
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7  
VO  
Output voltage  
vs Output current  
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13  
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,  
20  
Switching frequency  
vs Output current  
IQ  
Quiescent current  
Shutdown current  
vs Ambient temperature  
vs Ambient temperature  
21  
22  
ISD  
PMOS Static drain-source on-state  
resistance  
vs Supply voltage and ambient temperature  
23  
24  
rDS(ON)  
PSRR  
NMOS Static drain-source on-state  
resistance  
vs Supply voltage and ambient temperature  
vs Frequency  
Power supply rejection ratio  
Typical operation  
25  
26, 27, 28  
29  
PFM  
Line transient response  
PWM  
30  
Mode transition PFM / forced PWM  
AC - load regulation performance  
Load transient response  
Start-up  
31  
32, 33, 34  
35, 36, 37, 38  
39, 40  
100  
100  
V
= 3.6 V  
= 2.9 V  
IN  
V
= 2.9 V  
IN  
90  
80  
70  
60  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
V
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
MODE = GND,  
= 2.5V,  
MODE = V  
,
V
IN  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH (LQM2HPN2R2MJ0)  
V
= 2.5 V,  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH (LQM2HPN2R2MJ0)  
= 4.7 mF  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
C
OUT  
0.1  
1
I
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
1
10  
I - Output Current - mA  
O
100  
1000  
O
Figure 1. Efficiency PFM/PWM Mode 2.5V Output Voltage  
Figure 2. Efficiency Forced PWM Mode 2.5V Output  
Voltage  
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TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
SLVS941APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
V
= 2.3 V  
IN  
V
= 2.3 V  
IN  
V
= 2.7 V  
V
= 2.7 V  
IN  
IN  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
V
= 3.3 V  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
IN  
40  
30  
20  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.8 V,  
MODE = V  
,
IN  
= 1.8 V,  
V
OUT  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH (MIPSA25202R2),  
= 4.7 mF  
L = 2.2 mH (MIPSA25202R2),  
= 4.7 mF  
C
10  
0
OUT  
C
OUT  
0.1  
1
I
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
1
10  
100  
1000  
I - Output Current - mA  
O
O
Figure 3. Efficiency PFM/PWM MODE 1.8V Output Voltage  
Figure 4. Efficiency Forced PWM Mode 1.8V Output  
voltage  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
V
= 2.3 V  
IN  
V
= 2.3 V  
IN  
V
= 2.7 V  
IN  
V
= 2.7 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
IN  
= 4.2 V  
V
= 4.2 V  
50  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
40  
30  
20  
IN  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.2 V,  
MODE = V  
,
IN  
= 1.2 V,  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH MIPSZ2012 2R2 (2012 size),  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH MIPSZ2012 2R2 (2012 size),  
= 4.7 mF  
C
= 4.7 mF  
10  
0
OUT  
C
OUT  
1
10 100  
- Output Current - mA  
1000  
0.1  
1
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
I
I
O
O
Figure 5. Efficiency PFM/PWM Mode 1.2V Output voltage  
Figure 6. Efficiency Forced PWM Mode 1.2V Output  
Voltage  
8
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Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62230 TPS62231 TPS62232  
TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
2.575  
2.55  
90  
85  
80  
75  
70  
65  
60  
55  
50  
MODE = V  
,
IN  
= 2.5 V,  
V
OUT  
L = 1 mH,  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
MIPSA25202R2  
L = 2.2 mH  
(2.5x2x1.2mm3)  
= 25°C  
A
V
= 3.3 V  
MIPSD1R0  
L = 1 mH 0805  
(2x1.25x1mm3)  
IN  
2.525  
2.5  
V
= 3.6 V  
LQM2HPN1R0MJ0  
L = 1 mH  
(2.5x2x1.2mm3)  
IN  
MIPSZ2012D2R2  
L = 2.2 mH 0805  
(2x1.25x1mm3)  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
LQM21PN2R2  
L = 2.2 mH 0805  
(2x1.25x0.55mm3)  
2.475  
IN  
MODE = GND,  
C
C
V
= 2.2 mF (0402),  
IN  
= 4.7 mF (0402),  
OUT  
2.45  
= 1.8 V,  
100  
OUT  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
2.425  
0.1  
1
I
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
0.1  
1
10  
1000  
I
- Output Current - mA  
O
O
Figure 7. Comparison Efficiency vs Inductor Value and  
Size  
Figure 8. 2.5V Output Voltage Accuracy forced PWM Mode  
2.575  
1.854  
MODE = GND,  
= 2.5 V,  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.8 V,  
V
OUT  
L = 1 mH,  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
2.55  
2.525  
2.5  
1.836  
1.818  
1.8  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
A
A
V
= 4.2 V  
= 3.3 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
= 4.2 V  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
IN  
V
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
IN  
2.475  
1.782  
1.764  
1.746  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
2.45  
2.425  
0.1  
1
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
0.01  
0.1  
1
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
I
I
O
O
Figure 9. 2.5V Output Voltage Accuracy PFM/PWM Mode  
Figure 10. 1.8V Output Voltage Accuracy PFM/PWM Mode  
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1.854  
1.836  
1.818  
1.8  
1.236  
1.224  
1.212  
1.2  
MODE = V  
,
MODE = V  
,
IN  
= 1.2 V,  
IN  
= 1.8 V,  
V
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
OUT  
L = 1 mH,  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
OUT  
= 25°C  
V
= 3.3 V  
A
A
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
V
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
1.188  
1.782  
IN  
= 5 V  
IN  
1.176  
1.164  
1.764  
1.746  
0.1  
1
I
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
0.1  
1
I
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
O
O
Figure 11. 1.8V Output Voltage Accuracy Forced PWM  
MODE  
Figure 12. 1.2V Output Voltage Accuracy Forced PWM  
MODE  
1.236  
4000  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.2 V,  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
1000  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
1.224  
1.212  
1.2  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
A
V
= 3.6 V  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
IN  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
1.188  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.8 V,  
V
V
= 2.7 V  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
IN  
1.176  
1.164  
V
= 2.3 V  
500  
0
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
IN  
OUT  
= 25°C  
A
0
100  
200 300  
- Output Current - mA  
400  
500  
0.01  
0.1  
1
10  
- Output Current - mA  
100  
1000  
I
I
O
O
Figure 13. 1.2V Output Voltage Accuracy PFM/PWM MODE  
Figure 14. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 1.8V  
Output Voltage MODE = GND  
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4000  
4000  
V
= 5 V  
V
IN  
V
= 5 V  
V
IN  
= 4.2 V  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
1000  
500  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
V
= 3.6 V  
V
IN  
IN  
= 3.3 V  
IN  
= 3.3 V  
IN  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.8 V,  
MODE = V  
,
IN  
= 1.8 V,  
V
1000  
500  
0
V
IN  
= 2.7 V  
OUT  
L = 1 mH,  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
V
= 2.7 V  
IN  
V
= 2.3 V  
V
= 2.3 V  
100  
IN  
IN  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
A
A
0
0
100  
I
200 300  
- Output Current - mA  
400  
500  
0
200  
- Output Current - mA  
O
300  
400  
500  
I
O
Figure 15. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 1.8V  
Output Voltage MODE = GND  
Figure 16. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 1.8V  
Output Voltage MODE = VIN  
4000  
4000  
V
= 5 V  
V
MODE = V  
,
IN  
MODE = GND,  
= 2.5 V,  
IN  
= 2.5 V,  
V
= 4.2 V  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
IN  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
1000  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
IN  
OUT  
= 25°C  
OUT  
= 25°C  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
A
A
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
1000  
500  
0
V
= 3 V  
100  
V
= 3 V  
500  
0
IN  
IN  
0
200 300  
- Output Current - mA  
400  
500  
0
100  
200 300  
- Output Current - mA  
400  
500  
I
I
O
O
Figure 17. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 2.5V  
Output Voltage MODE = GND  
Figure 18. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 2.5V  
Output Voltage MODE = VIN  
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3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
1000  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
1000  
500  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 5 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
IN  
V
= 4.2 V  
V
IN  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
V
IN  
V
= 3.3 V  
IN  
= 2.7 V  
IN  
V
= 2.3 V  
IN  
V
= 2.7 V  
V
= 2 V  
IN  
IN  
MODE = GND,  
= 1.2 V,  
V
= 2.3 V  
IN  
MODE = V  
,
IN  
= 1.2 V,  
V
OUT  
V
= 2 V  
IN  
V
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH,  
500  
0
L = 2.2 mH,  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
C
T
= 4.7 mF,  
OUT  
= 25°C  
A
= 25°C  
A
0
0
100  
200 300  
- Output Current - mA  
400  
500  
0
100  
200  
300  
400  
500  
I
I - Output Current - mA  
O
O
Figure 19. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 1.2V  
Output Voltage MODE = GND  
Figure 20. Switching Frequency vs Output Current, 1.2V  
Output Voltage MODE = VIN  
35  
30  
25  
20  
15  
10  
0.2  
0.18  
0.16  
0.14  
0.12  
0.1  
T
= 85°C  
T
= 85°C  
A
A
T
= 60°C  
T
= 25°C  
A
A
0.08  
0.06  
0.04  
T = -40°C  
A
T
A
= -40°C  
T
= 25°C  
T
= 60°C  
A
A
0.02  
0
2
2.5  
3
3.5  
4
4.5  
- Input Voltage - V  
5
5.5  
6
2
2.5  
3
3.5  
4
4.5  
- Input Voltage - V  
5
5.5  
6
V
V
IN  
IN  
Figure 21. Quiescent Current IQ vs Ambient Temperature  
TA  
Figure 22. Shutdown Current ISD vs Ambient Temperature  
TA  
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2
1.8  
1.6  
1.4  
1.2  
1
0.7  
0.6  
0.5  
0.4  
0.3  
0.2  
0.1  
0
PMOS  
NMOS  
T
= 85°C  
T
T
= 85°C  
A
A
= 60°C  
T
T
= 60°C  
A
A
= 25°C  
T
= 25°C  
A
A
T
A
= -40°C  
T
A
= -40°C  
0.8  
0.6  
0.4  
0.2  
0
2
2.5  
3
3.5  
4
4.5  
- Input Voltage - V  
5
5.5  
6
2
2.5  
3
3.5 4.5  
- Input Voltage - V  
4
5
5.5  
6
V
V
IN  
IN  
Figure 23. PMOS RDSON vs Supply Voltage VIN and  
Ambient Temperature TA  
Figure 24. NMOS RDSON vs Supply Voltage VIN and  
Ambient Temperature TA  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
SW  
2 V/div  
I
= 50 mA,  
OUT  
MODE = 0,  
forced PWM  
V
= 3.6V  
IN  
C
= 4.7 mF  
V
= 2.5V  
OUT  
L = 1 mH  
OUT  
20 mV/Div  
I
= 50 mA,  
OUT  
MODE = 1,  
PFM/PWM  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
MODE = GND  
I
= 150 mA,  
OUT  
PWM Mode  
I
= 10 mA  
OUT  
V
V
= 3.6 V,  
I
IN  
L
= 1.8 V,  
= 2.2 mF,  
= 4.7 mF,  
200 mA/Div  
OUT  
C
C
IN  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
t - Time - 1 ms/div  
10  
100  
1k 10k  
f - Frequency - kHz  
100k  
1M  
Figure 25. TPS62231 1.8V PSRR  
Figure 26. PFM Mode Operation IOUT = 10mA  
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V
= 3.6 V  
V
= 3.6 V  
MODE = V  
IN  
IN  
IN  
C
= 4.7 mF  
V
= 2.5V  
I
= 10 mA  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
OUT  
V
= 2.5 V  
OUT  
OUT  
OUT  
20 mV/div  
L = 1 mH  
L = 2.2 mH  
20 mV/div  
MODE = GND  
SW  
SW  
I
= 10 mA  
OUT  
2 V/div  
2 V/div  
I
L
I
200 mA/div  
L
200 mA/div  
t - Time - 500 ns/div  
t - Time - 1 ms/div  
Figure 27. PFM Mode Operation IOUT = 10mA  
Figure 28. Forced PWM Mode Operation IOUT = 10mA  
V
= 3.6 V to 4.2 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V to 4.2 V  
200 mV/div  
IN  
200 mV/div  
C
= 4.7 mF  
V
= 1.8 V  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = V  
V
= 1.8 V  
OUT  
20 mV/div  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = GND  
= 50 mA  
OUT  
20 mV/div  
IN  
= 50 mA  
I
I
OUT  
OUT  
t - Time - 10 ms/div  
t - Time - 100 ms/div  
Figure 29. Line Transient Response PFM Mode  
Figure 30. Line Transient Response PWM Mode  
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V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 2.5 V  
MODE: 0 V to 3.6 V  
2 V/div  
Forced PWM  
Mode Operation  
OUT  
50 mV/div  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = GND  
PFM Mode Operation  
V
SW  
2 V/div  
I
= 5 mA to 200 mA  
OUT  
sinusoidal  
100 mA/div  
V
= 3.6 V,  
IN  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
L = 1 mH  
= 10 mA  
I
COIL  
200 mA/div  
I
OUT  
I
L
200 mA/div  
V
= 1.8 V  
OUT  
20 mV/div  
t - Time - 1 ms/div  
Figure 31. Mode Transition PFM / Forced PWM Mode  
t - Time - 5 ms/div  
Figure 32. AC – Load Regulation Performance 2.5V VOUT  
PFM Mode  
V
= 3.6 V  
V
= 2.5 V  
IN  
OUT  
C
= 4.7 mF  
50 mV/div  
OUT  
V
= 1.8 V  
OUT  
50 mV/div  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = GND  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
I
= 5 mA to 150 mA, 50 kHz  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
IOUT = 5mA to 200mA  
sinusoidal  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = V  
sinusoidal 100 mA/div  
100mA/Div  
IN  
I
L
I
L
200 mA/div  
200 mA/div  
t - Time - 4 ms/div  
t - Time - 5 ms/div  
Figure 33. AC – Load Regulation Performance 2.5V VOUT  
PWM Mode  
Figure 34. AC – Load Regulation Performance 1.8V VOUT  
PFM Mode  
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V
= 2.5 V  
V
= 2.5 V  
OUT  
50 mV/div  
OUT  
50 mV/div  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
L = 1 mH  
MODE = GND  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
I
= 5 mA to 200 mA  
100 mA/div  
I
= 5 mA to 200 mA  
100 mA/div  
OUT  
OUT  
L = 1 mH  
MODE = V  
IN  
I
L
I
L
200 mA/div  
200 mA/div  
t - Time - 5 ms/div  
t - Time - 5 ms/div  
Figure 35. Load Transient Response 5mA to 200mA PFM  
to PWM Mode, VOUT 2.5V  
Figure 36. Load Transient Response 5mA to 200mA,  
Forced PWM Mode, VOUT 2.5V  
V
= 3.6 V  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
IN  
C
= 4.7 mF  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = GND  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = V  
V
= 1.8 V  
V
= 1.8 V  
OUT  
50 mV/div  
OUT  
50 mV/div  
IN  
I
= 5 mA to 150 mA  
I
= 5 mA to 150 mA  
OUT  
OUT  
100 mA/div  
100 mA/div  
I
L
I
L
200 mA/div  
200 mA/div  
t - Time - 10 ms/div  
t - Time - 10 ms/div  
Figure 37. Load Transient Response 5mA to 150mA, PFM  
to PWM Mode, VOUT 1.8V  
Figure 38. Load Transient Response 5mA to 150mA,  
Forced PWM Mode, VOUT 1.8V  
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EN 2 V/div  
EN  
2 V/div  
SW  
2 V/div  
V
= 1.8 V  
V
Pre Bias = 1V  
OUT  
1 V/div  
OUT  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
V
= 0 V to 2.5 V  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
OUT  
1 V/div  
L = 1 mH  
SW 5 V/div  
MODE = GND  
Load = 20 R  
V
= 3.6 V  
IN  
C
= 4.7 mF  
OUT  
L = 2.2 mH  
MODE = GND  
= 0 mA  
I
IN  
IL  
50 mA/div  
200 mA/div  
I
OUT  
Time Base - 20 ms/div  
Figure 40. Startup in 1V Pre-biased Output  
t - Time - 20 ms/div  
Figure 39. Start Up into 20Load, VOUT 2.5V  
DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
The TPS6223X synchronous step down converter family includes a unique hysteric PWM controller scheme  
which enables switch frequencies over 3MHz, excellent transient and ac load regulation as well as operation with  
tiny and cost competitive external components.  
The controller topology supports forced PWM Mode as well as Power Save Mode operation. Power Save Mode  
operation reduces the quiescent current consumption down to 22µA and ensures high conversion efficiency at  
light loads by skipping switch pulses.  
In forced PWM Mode, the device operates on a quasi fixed frequency, avoids pulse skipping and allows therefore  
easy filtering of the switch noise by external filter components.  
The TPS6223X devices offer fixed output voltage options featuring smallest solution size by using only three  
external components.  
The internal switch current limit of typical 850mA supports output currents of up to 500mA, depending on the  
operating condition.  
A significant advantage of TPS6223X compared to other hysteretic PWM controller topologies is its excellent DC  
and AC load regulation capability in combination with low output voltage ripple over the entire load range which  
makes this part well suited for audio and RF applications.  
OPERATION  
Once the output voltage falls below the threshold of the error comparator a switch pulse is initiated and the high  
side switch is turned on. It remains turned on until a minimum on time of TONmin expires and the output voltage  
trips the threshold of the error comparator or the inductor current reaches the high side switch current limit. Once  
the high side switch turns off, the low side switch rectifier is turned on and the inductor current ramps down until  
the high side switch turns on again or the inductor current reaches zero.  
In forced PWM Mode operation negative inductor current is allowed to enable continuous conduction mode even  
at no load condition.  
POWER SAVE MODE  
Connecting the MODE pin to GND enables the automatic PWM and power-save mode operation. The converter  
operates in quasi fixed frequency PWM mode at moderate to heavy loads and in the PFM (Pulse Frequency  
Modulation) mode during light loads, which maintains high efficiency over a wide load current range.  
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In PFM Mode the device starts to skip switch pulses and generates only single pulses with an on time of TONmin  
The PFM Mode frequency depends on the load current and the external inductor and output capacitor values.  
The PFM Mode of TPS6223X is optimized for low output voltage ripple if small and tiny external components are  
used. Even at low output currents, the PFM frequency is above the audible noise spectrum and makes this  
operation mode suitable for audio applications.  
.
The on time TONmin can be estimated to:  
V
OUT  
T
=
´ 260 ns  
ONmin  
V
IN  
(1)  
(2)  
Therefore the peak inductor current in PFM mode is approximately:  
(V - V  
)
OUT  
IN  
I
=
´ T  
ONmin  
LPFMpeak  
L
With  
TON: High side switch on time [ns]  
VIN: Input voltage [V]  
VOUT: Output voltage [V]  
L : Inductance [µH]  
ILPFMpeak : PFM inductor peak current [mA]  
FORCED PWM MODE  
Pulling the MODE pin high forces the converter to operate in a continuous conduction PWM mode even at light  
load currents. The advantage is that the converter operates with a quasi fixed frequency that allows simple  
filtering of the switching frequency for noise-sensitive applications. In this mode, the efficiency is lower compared  
to the power-save mode during light loads.  
For additional flexibility, it is possible to switch from power-save mode to forced PWM mode during operation.  
This allows efficient power management by adjusting the operation of the converter to the specific system  
requirements.  
100% DUTY CYCLE LOW DROPOUT OPERATION  
The device starts to enter 100% duty cycle mode once the input voltage comes close to the nominal output  
voltage. In order to maintain the output voltage, the High Side switch is turned on 100% for one or more cycles.  
With further decreasing VIN the High Side MOSFET switch is turned on completely. In this case the converter  
offers a low input-to-output voltage difference. This is particularly useful in battery-powered applications to  
achieve longest operation time by taking full advantage of the whole battery voltage range.  
The minimum input voltage to maintain regulation depends on the load current and output voltage, and can be  
calculated as:  
Vinmin = Voutmax + Ioutmax  
´
RDSonmax + RL  
(
)
(3)  
With:  
Ioutmax = maximum output current plus inductor ripple current  
RDSonmax = maximum P-channel switch RDSon.  
RL = DC resistance of the inductor  
Voutmax = nominal output voltage plus maximum output voltage tolerance  
UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT  
The under voltage lockout circuit prevents the device from misoperation at low input voltages. It prevents the  
converter from turning on the switch or rectifier MOSFET under undefined conditions. The TPS6223X devices  
have a UVLO threshold set to 1.8V (typical). Fully functional operation is permitted for input voltage down to the  
falling UVLO threshold level. The converter starts operation again once the input voltage trips the rising UVLO  
threshold level.  
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TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
SOFT START  
The TPS6223X has an internal soft-start circuit that controls the ramp up of the output voltage and limits the  
inrush current during start-up. This limits input voltage drops when a battery or a high-impedance power source  
is connected to the input of the converter.  
The soft-start system generates a monotonic ramp up of the output voltage and reaches the nominal output  
voltage typically 100µs after EN pin was pulled high.  
Should the output voltage not have reached its target value by this time, such as in the case of heavy load, the  
converter then operates in a current limit mode set by its switch current limits.  
TPS6223X is able to start into a pre-biased output capacitor. The converter starts with the applied bias voltage  
and ramps the output voltage to its nominal value.  
ENABLE / SHUTDOWN  
The device starts operation when EN is set high and starts up with the soft start as previously described. For  
proper operation, the EN pin must be terminated and must not be left floating.  
Pulling the EN pin low forces the device into shutdown, with a shutdown quiescent current of typically 0.1µA. In  
this mode, the P and N-channel MOSFETs are turned off, the internal resistor feedback divider is disconnected,  
and the entire internal-control circuitry is switched off.  
The EN input can be used to control power sequencing in a system with various DC/DC converters. The EN pin  
can be connected to the output of another converter, to drive the EN pin high and getting a sequencing of supply  
rails.  
SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION  
The TPS6223X integrates a High Side and Low Side MOSFET current limit to protect the device against heavy  
load or short circuit. The current in the switches is monitored by current limit comparators. When the current in  
the P-channel MOSFET reaches its current limit, the P-channel MOSFET is turned off and the N-channel  
MOSFET is turned on to ramp down the current in the inductor. The High Side MOSFET switch can only turn on  
again, once the current in the Low Side MOSFET switch has decreased below the threshold of its current limit  
comparator.  
THERMAL SHUTDOWN  
As soon as the junction temperature, TJ, exceeds 150°C (typical) the device goes into thermal shutdown. In this  
mode, the High Side and Low Side MOSFETs are turned-off. The device continues its operation when the  
junction temperature falls below the thermal shutdown hysteresis.  
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TPS62230  
TPS62231  
TPS62232  
SLVS941APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com  
APPLICATION INFORMATION  
L
V
IN  
TPS62230  
1/2.2 mH  
V
2.7 V - 6 V  
OUT  
VIN  
SW  
FB  
2.5 V  
EN  
C
C
OUT  
4.7 mF  
IN  
2.2  
MODE  
GND  
mF  
Figure 41. TPS62230 2.5V Output  
L
V
IN  
TPS62231  
1/2.2 mH  
2.05 V - 6 V  
V
OUT  
SW  
FB  
VIN  
EN  
1.8 V  
C
C
IN  
OUT  
4.7 mF  
GND  
2.2 mF  
MODE  
Figure 42. TPS62231 1.8V Output  
L
V
IN  
TPS62232  
1/2.2 mH  
2.05 V - 6 V  
V
OUT  
SW  
FB  
VIN  
EN  
1.2 V  
C
C
IN  
OUT  
4.7 mF  
GND  
2.2 mF  
MODE  
Figure 43. TPS62232 1.2V Output  
OUTPUT FILTER DESIGN (INDUCTOR AND OUTPUT CAPACITOR)  
The TPS6223X is optimized to operate with effective inductance values in the range of 0.7µH to 4.3µH and with  
effective output capacitance in the range of 2.0µF to 15µF. The internal compensation is optimized to operate  
with an output filter of L = 1.0µH/2.2µH and COUT = 4.7µF. Larger or smaller inductor/capacitor values can be  
used to optimize the performance of the device for specific operation conditions. For more details, see the  
CHECKING LOOP STABILITY section.  
INDUCTOR SELECTION  
The inductor value affects its peak-to-peak ripple current, the PWM-to-PFM transition point, the output voltage  
ripple and the efficiency. The selected inductor has to be rated for its dc resistance and saturation current. The  
inductor ripple current (ΔIL) decreases with higher inductance and increases with higher VIN or VOUT. Equation 4  
calculates the maximum inductor current under static load conditions. The saturation current of the inductor  
should be rated higher than the maximum inductor current as calculated with Equation 5. This is recommended  
because during heavy load transient the inductor current will rise above the calculated value.  
Vout  
1-  
Vin  
DIL = Vout ´  
L ´ ¦  
(4)  
DI  
L
I
= I  
+
Lmax  
outmax  
2
(5)  
With:  
f = Switching Frequency  
L = Inductor Value  
ΔIL= Peak to Peak inductor ripple current  
ILmax = Maximum Inductor current  
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TPS62230  
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TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
In high-frequency converter applications, the efficiency is essentially affected by the inductor AC resistance (i.e.,  
quality factor) and to a smaller extent by the inductor DCR value. To achieve high efficiency operation, care  
should be taken in selecting inductors featuring a quality factor above 25 at the switching frequency. Increasing  
the inductor value produces lower RMS currents, but degrades transient response. For a given physical inductor  
size, increased inductance usually results in an inductor with lower saturation current.  
The total losses of the coil consist of both the losses in the DC resistance, R(DC), and the following  
frequency-dependent components:  
The losses in the core material (magnetic hysteresis loss, especially at high switching frequencies)  
Additional losses in the conductor from the skin effect (current displacement at high frequencies)  
Magnetic field losses of the neighboring windings (proximity effect)  
Radiation losses  
The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with the TPS6223X converters.  
Table 1. List of inductors  
INDUCTANCE  
DIMENSIONS  
[mm3]  
INDUCTOR TYPE  
SUPPLIER  
[µH]  
1.0/2.2  
2.2  
2.5 × 2.0 × 1.2  
2.0 × 1.2 × 0.55  
2.0 × 1.2 × 1.0  
2.0 × 2.5 × 1.2  
2.0 × 1.2 × 1.0  
LQM2HPN1R0MJ0  
LQM21PN2R2  
MIPSZ2012  
Murata  
Murata  
1.0/2.2  
1.0/2.2  
1.0/2.2  
FDK  
MIPSA2520  
FDK  
KSLI2012 series  
Hitachi Metal  
OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION  
The unique hysteric PWM control scheme of the TPS62230 allows the use of tiny ceramic capacitors. Ceramic  
capacitors with low ESR values have the lowest output voltage ripple and are recommended. The output  
capacitor requires either an X7R or X5R dielectric. Y5V and Z5U dielectric capacitors, aside from their wide  
variation in capacitance over temperature, become resistive at high frequencies.  
At light load currents the converter operate in Power Save Mode and the output voltage ripple is dependent on  
the output capacitor value and the PFM peak inductor current. Higher output capacitor values minimize the  
voltage ripple in PFM Mode and tighten DC output accuracy in PFM Mode.  
INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION  
Because of the nature of the buck converter having a pulsating input current, a low ESR input capacitor is  
required for best input voltage filtering and minimizing the interference with other circuits caused by high input  
voltage spikes. For most applications a 2.2µF to 4.7µF ceramic capacitor is recommended. The input capacitor  
can be increased without any limit for better input voltage filtering. Because ceramic capacitor loses up to 80% of  
its initial capacitance at 5V, it is recommended to use 4.7µF input capacitors for input voltages > 4.5V.  
Take care when using only small ceramic input capacitors. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the  
power is being supplied through long wires, such as from a wall adapter, a load step at the output or VIN step on  
the input can induce ringing at the VIN pin. This ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop  
instability or could even damage the part by exceeding the maximum ratings.  
Table 2 shows a list of tested input/output capacitors.  
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TPS62230  
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TPS62232  
SLVS941APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com  
Table 2. List of Capacitor  
CAPACITANCE  
SIZE  
CAPACITOR TYPE  
SUPPLIER  
[µF]  
2.2  
4.7  
4.7  
4.7  
4.7  
0402  
0402  
0402  
0402  
0603  
GRM155R60J225  
AMK105BJ475MV  
GRM155R60J475  
CL05A475MQ5NRNC  
GRM188R60J475  
Murata  
Taiyo Yuden  
Murata  
Samsung  
Murata  
CHECKING LOOP STABILITY  
The first step of circuit and stability evaluation is to look from a steady-state perspective at the following signals:  
Switching node, SW  
Inductor current, IL  
Output ripple voltage, VOUT(AC)  
These are the basic signals that need to be measured when evaluating a switching converter. When the  
switching waveform shows large duty cycle jitter or the output voltage or inductor current shows oscillations, the  
regulation loop may be unstable. This is often a result of board layout and/or L-C combination.  
As a next step in the evaluation of the regulation loop, the load transient response is tested. The time between  
the application of the load transient and the turn on of the P-channel MOSFET, the output capacitor must supply  
all of the current required by the load. VOUT immediately shifts by an amount equal to ΔI(LOAD) x ESR, where ESR  
is the effective series resistance of COUT. ΔI(LOAD) begins to charge or discharge CO generating a feedback error  
signal used by the regulator to return VOUT to its steady-state value. The results are most easily interpreted when  
the device operates in PWM mode.  
During this recovery time, VOUT can be monitored for settling time, overshoot or ringing that helps judge the  
converter’s stability. Without any ringing, the loop has usually more than 45° of phase margin.  
Because the damping factor of the circuitry is directly related to several resistive parameters (e.g., MOSFET  
rDS(on)) that are temperature dependant, the loop stability analysis has to be done over the input voltage range,  
load current range, and temperature range.  
LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS  
As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design. Proper function of the device  
demands careful attention to PCB layout. Care must be taken in board layout to get the specified performance. If  
the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show poor line and/or load regulation, stability issues as well  
as EMI problems. It is critical to provide a low inductance, impedance ground path. Therefore, use wide and  
short traces for the main current paths. The input capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC pins  
as well as the inductor and output capacitor.  
Use a common Power GND node and a different node for the Signal GND to minimize the effects of ground  
noise. Keep the common path to the GND PIN, which returns the small signal components and the high current  
of the output capacitors as short as possible to avoid ground noise. The FB line should be connected to the  
output capacitor and routed away from noisy components and traces (e.g. SW line).  
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TPS62232  
www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLVS941APRIL 2009  
Total area  
L1  
is less than  
12mm²  
V IN  
C
1
C2  
GND  
VOUT  
Figure 44. Recommended PCB Layout for TPS6223X  
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM  
www.ti.com  
6-May-2009  
PACKAGING INFORMATION  
Orderable Device  
TPS62230DRYR  
TPS62230DRYT  
TPS62231DRYR  
TPS62231DRYT  
TPS62232DRYR  
TPS62232DRYT  
Status (1)  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
Package Package  
Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3)  
Qty  
Type  
Drawing  
SON  
DRY  
6
6
6
6
6
6
5000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM  
no Sb/Br)  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
250 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM  
no Sb/Br)  
5000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM  
no Sb/Br)  
250 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM  
no Sb/Br)  
5000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM  
no Sb/Br)  
250 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM  
no Sb/Br)  
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:  
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.  
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.  
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in  
a new design.  
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.  
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.  
(2)  
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check  
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.  
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.  
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements  
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered  
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.  
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and  
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS  
compatible) as defined above.  
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame  
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)  
(3)  
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder  
temperature.  
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is  
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the  
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take  
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incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited  
information may not be available for release.  
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI  
to Customer on an annual basis.  
Addendum-Page 1  
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION  
www.ti.com  
6-May-2009  
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION  
*All dimensions are nominal  
Device  
Package Package Pins  
Type Drawing  
SPQ  
Reel  
Reel  
A0 (mm)  
B0 (mm)  
K0 (mm)  
P1  
W
Pin1  
Diameter Width  
(mm) W1 (mm)  
(mm) (mm) Quadrant  
TPS62230DRYR  
TPS62230DRYT  
TPS62231DRYR  
TPS62231DRYT  
TPS62232DRYR  
TPS62232DRYT  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
6
6
6
6
6
6
5000  
250  
179.0  
179.0  
179.0  
179.0  
179.0  
179.0  
8.4  
8.4  
8.4  
8.4  
8.4  
8.4  
1.2  
1.2  
1.2  
1.2  
1.2  
1.2  
1.65  
1.65  
1.65  
1.65  
1.65  
1.65  
0.7  
0.7  
0.7  
0.7  
0.7  
0.7  
4.0  
4.0  
4.0  
4.0  
4.0  
4.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
Q1  
Q1  
Q1  
Q1  
Q1  
Q1  
5000  
250  
5000  
250  
Pack Materials-Page 1  
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION  
www.ti.com  
6-May-2009  
*All dimensions are nominal  
Device  
Package Type Package Drawing Pins  
SPQ  
Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)  
TPS62230DRYR  
TPS62230DRYT  
TPS62231DRYR  
TPS62231DRYT  
TPS62232DRYR  
TPS62232DRYT  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
SON  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
DRY  
6
6
6
6
6
6
5000  
250  
220.0  
220.0  
220.0  
220.0  
220.0  
220.0  
205.0  
205.0  
205.0  
205.0  
205.0  
205.0  
50.0  
50.0  
50.0  
50.0  
50.0  
50.0  
5000  
250  
5000  
250  
Pack Materials-Page 2  
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