bq500410ARGZT_技术文档

bq500410A

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SLUSB96 – NOVEMBER 2012

Free Positioning, Qi Compliant Wireless Power Transmitter Manager

Check for Samples: bq500410A

1

FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

The bq500410A is a free-positioning digital wireless

power controller that integrates all functions required

to control wireless power transfer to a WPC compliant

receiver. It is WPC 1.1 ready and designed for 12-V

systems but applicable to other supply voltages. The

bq500410A pings the surrounding environment for

WPC compliant devices to be powered, safely

engages the device, reads the packet feedback from

the powered device, and manages the power

transfer. A charging area of at least 70 mm x 20 mm

provides flexible receiver placement on a transmitter

pad. The bq500410A supports both Parasitic Metal

Detection (PMOD) and Foreign Object Detection

(FOD) by continuously monitoring the efficiency of the

established power transfer, protecting from power lost

due to metal objects misplaced in the wireless power

transfer path. Should any abnormal condition develop

during power transfer, the bq500410A handles it and

provides fault indicator outputs. Comprehensive

protection features provide a robust design to protect

the system in all receiver placements.

•

Expanded Free Positioning Using Three Coil

Transmit Array

•

Intelligent Control of Wireless Power Transfer

Conforms to Wireless Power Consortium

(WPC) A6 Transmitter Specification

•

Digital Demodulation Reduces Components

WPC1.1 Ready, Including Foreign Object

Detection (FOD)

•

Enhanced Parasitic Metal Detection (PMOD)

Assures Safety

•

Over-Current Protection

LED Indication of Charging State and Fault

Status

APPLICATIONS

•

WPC 1.1 Ready Wireless Chargers for:

–

Smart Phones and other Handhelds

Hermetically Sealed Devices and Tools

Cars and Other Vehicles

The bq500410A is available in an area saving 48-pin,

7 mm x 7 mm QFN package and operates over a

temperature range from –40°C to 110°C.

Tabletop Charge Surfaces

•

See www.ti.com/wirelesspower for More

Information on TI's Wireless Charging

Solutions

Functional Diagram and Efficiency Versus System Output Current

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

Transmitter

Receiver

Power

Stage

Voltage

Conditioning

AC-DC

Rectification

Load

Communication

BQ500410A

Controller

Feedback

bq51k

0

1

2

3

4

5

Output Power (W)

G000

1

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

bq500410A

SLUSB96 – NOVEMBER 2012

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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam

during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

ORDERING INFORMATION⁽¹⁾

OPERATING

TEMPERATURE

RANGE, T_A

TOP-SIDE

MARKING

ORDERABLE PART NUMBER

PIN COUNT

SUPPLY

PACKAGE

bq500410ARGZR

bq500410ARGZT

48 pin

Reel of 2500

Reel of 250

QFN

bq500410A

-40°C to 110°C

(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI

web site at www.ti.com.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS⁽¹⁾

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

VALUE

UNIT

MIN

–0.3

–40

MAX

3.6

Voltage applied at V33D to DGND

Voltage applied at V33A to AGND

3.6

V

(2)

Voltage applied to any pin

3.6

Storage temperature, T_STG

150

°C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings

only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating

conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

(2) All voltages referenced to GND.

2

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RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

MIN

3.0

NOM

MAX

3.6

UNIT

V

Supply voltage during operation, V33D, V33A

Operating free-air temperature range

Junction temperature

3.3

V

T_A

T_J

–40

110

°C

UNITS

°C/W

THERMAL INFORMATION

bq500410A

RGZ

48 PINS

27.1

THERMAL METRIC⁽¹⁾

θ_JA

Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance⁽²⁾

Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance⁽³⁾

Junction-to-board thermal resistance⁽⁴⁾

Junction-to-top characterization parameter⁽⁵⁾

Junction-to-board characterization parameter⁽⁶⁾

Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance⁽⁷⁾

θ_JCtop

θ_JB

12.9

4.3

ψ_JT

0.2

ψ_JB

4.3

θ_JCbot

0.6

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.

(2) The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as

specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a.

(3) The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDEC-

standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.

(4) The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB

temperature, as described in JESD51-8.

(5) The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψ_JT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted

from the simulation data for obtaining θ_JA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).

(6) The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψ_JB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted

from the simulation data for obtaining θ_JA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).

(7) The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific

JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.

Spacer

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

MIN

NOM

MAX

UNIT

SUPPLY CURRENT

I_V33A

V33A = 3.3 V

8

42

52

15

55

60

I_V33D

I_Total

INTERNAL REGULATOR CONTROLLER INPUTS/OUTPUTS

Supply current

V33D = 3.3 V

mA

V33D = V33A = 3.3 V

V33

3.3-V linear regulator

Emitter of NPN transistor

3.25

40

3.3

4

3.6

4.6

V

V33FB

I_V33FB

Beta

3.3-V linear regulator feedback

Series pass base drive

Series NPN pass device

V_IN= 12 V; current into V33FB pin

10

mA

EXTERNALLY SUPPLIED 3.3 V POWER

V33D

V33A

Digital 3.3-V power

Analog 3.3-V power

T_A= 25°C

3

3.6

V

3.3-V slew rate between 2.3 V and 2.9 V,

V33A = V33D

V33Slew

3.3-V slew rate

0.25

V/ms

DIGITAL DEMODULATION INPUTS: COMM_A+, COMM_A-, COMM_B+, COMM_B-

V_CM

Common mode voltage each pin

–0.15

1.631

V

COMM+,

COMM-

Modulation voltage digital resolution

1

mV

R_EA

Input Impedance

Ground reference

0.5

–5

1.5

3

5

MΩ

I_OFFSET

Input offset current

1-kΩ source impedance

µA

ANALOG INPUTS: V_IN, V_SENSE, I_SENSE, T_SENSE, LED_MODE, LOSS_THR

V_{ADC_OPEN}

V_{ADC_SHORT}

V_{ADC_RANGE}

INL

Voltage indicating open pin

Voltage indicating pin shorted to GND

Measurement range for voltage monitoring

ADC integral nonlinearity

Input leakage current

LED_MODE, LOSS_THR open

LED_MODE, LOSS_THR shorted to ground

ALL ANALOG INPUTS

2.37

0.36

2.5

V

0

-2.5

2.5

mV

nA

I_lkg

3 V applied to pin

Ground reference

100

R_IN

Input impedance

8

MΩ

pF

C_IN

Input capacitance

10

DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS

DGND1

+ 0.25

V_OL

V_OH

Low-level output voltage

I_OL= 6 mA , V33D = 3 V

I_OH= -6 mA , V33D = 3 V

V33D

- 0.6 V

High-level output voltage

V

V_IH

High-level input voltage

Low-level input voltage

Output high source current

Output low sink current

V33D = 3 V

2.1

3.6

1.4

4

V_IL

V33D = 3.5 V

I_OH(MAX)

I_OL(MAX)

mA

4

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

V_RESET

t_RESET

f_SW

Voltage where device comes out of reset

V33D Pin

2.3

2

2.4

V

Pulse width needed for reset

Switching Frequency

RESET pin

µs

112

205

0.5

kHz

Time to detect presence of device requesting

power

t_detect

s

4

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SLUSB96 – NOVEMBER 2012

DEVICE INFORMATION

Functional Block Diagram

7

8

9

MSP_RST/LED1

bq500410A

LED Control /

Low Power

MSP_MISO/LED2

MSP_TEST

Supervisor

Interface

COMM_A+ 37

COMM_A- 38

COMM_B+ 39

COMM_B- 40

14 MSP_SYNC

18 MSP_CLK

Digital

Demodulation

25 MSP_MOSI/LPWR_EN

26 MSP_RDY

12 DPWM_A

15 Coil 1.1

16 Coil 1.2

17 Coil 1.3

FOD

6

PWM/

Coil_Select

Controller

PMOD 13

V_IN 46

V_SENSE 45

I_SENSE 42

12-Bit

ADC

23 BUZ_AC

24 BUZ_DC

Buzzer

Control

T_SENSE

2

1

COIL_PEAK

LOSS_THR 43

LED_MODE 44

Power

Control

11 PMB_DATA

10 PMB_CLK

I²C

TEMP_INT

5

RESET

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48-Pin RGZ (QFN) Package

(Top View)

36

GND

COIL_PEAK

1

35 BPCAP

T_SENSE

AD03

2

3

34

V33A

33 V33D

AD08

RESET

4

5

32

GND

31

RESERVED

29 RESERVED

FOD

6

bq500410A

30

MSP_RST/LED1

MSP_MISO/LED2

MSP_TEST

7

8

RESERVED

28

27

26

25

9

PMB_CLK

10

RESERVED

EPAD

49

PMB_DATA 11

DPWM_A

MSP_RDY

12

MSP_MOSI/LPWR_EN

6

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Table 1. bq500410A Pin Description

NAME

I/O

DESCRIPTION

NO.

1

2

COIL_PEAK

T_SENSE

I

Input from peak detect circuit

Sensor input. Device shuts down when below 1 V. If not used, keep above 1 V by simply

connecting to 3.3-V supply

3

AD03

This pin can be either connected to GND or left open. Connecting to GND can improve

layout grounding

I

4

5

6

AD08

RESET

FOD

I

Reserved. Connect to 3.3-V supply

Device reset. Use 10-kΩ to 100-kΩ pull-up resistor to 3.3-V supply

FOD read pin. Leave open unless PMOD and FOD thresholds need to be different. It

controls the FOD threshold resistor read at startup.

O

7

8

MSP_RST/LED1

MSP_MISO/LED2

A dual function pin. MSP – RST provides serial communication to the external supervisor.

LED1 -- If external MSP430 is not used, connect to a (green) LED via 470-Ω resistor for

status indication. Grounding pin 25 determines this pin's function.

I

A dual function pin. MSP – MISO provided serial communication to the external supervisor.

LED2 -- If external MSP430 is not used, connect to a (red) LED via 470-Ω resistor for status

indication. Grounding pin 25 determines this pin's function.

I

9

MSP_TEST

PMB_CLK

PMB_DATA

DPWM_A

PMOD

I

MSP – Test, If external MSP430 is not used, leave this pin open

10

11

12

13

I/O

O

10-kΩ pull-up resistor to 3.3-V supply. I²C/PMBus is for factory use only.

PWM Output to half bridge driver. Switching dead times must be externally generated.

PMOD read pin. Leave open unless PMOD and FOD thresholds need to be different. It

controls the PMOD threshold resistor read at startup.

O

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

MSP_SYNC

COIL 1.1

O

I/O

O

I

MSP SPI_SYNC, If external MSP430 is not used, leave this pin open

Enables the first coil drive train and COMM signal selector

Enables the second coil drive train and COMM signal selector

Enables the third coil drive train and COMM signal selector

MSP430 JTAG_CLK, SPI_CLK. Used for boot loading the MSP430 supervisor

Reserved, leave this pin open.

COIL 1.2

COIL 1.3

MSP_CLK

RESERVED

DOUT_TX

DOUT_RX

BUZ_AC

Reserved, connect to GND.

I

Reserved, leave this pin open

I

Reserved, leave this pin open

O

AC buzzer output. A 400-ms, 4-kHz AC pulse train when charging begins

BUZ_DC

DC buzzer output. A 400-ms DC pulse when charging begins. This could also be connected

to an LED via 470-Ω resistor.

O

25

MSP_MOSI/LPWR_EN

MSP-TDI, SPI-MOSI, Low Standby Power Supervisor Enable. Connect to GND if separate

MSP430 low power supervisor is not used.

I/O

26

27

28

29

30

31

MSP_RDY

I/O

MSP_RDY, MSP430 Programmed Indication

Reserved, leave this pin open

RESERVED

Reserved, leave this pin open

Reserved, connect 10-kΩ pull-down resistor to GND. Do not leave open.

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Table 1. bq500410A Pin Description (continued)

I/O

DESCRIPTION

NO.

32

NAME

GND

—

GND

33

V33D

Digital Core 3.3-V supply. Be sure to decouple with bypass capacitors as close to the part as

possible.

34

V33A

—

Analog 3.3-V supply. This pin can be derived from V33D supply, decouple with 22-Ω resistor

and additional bypass capacitors

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

BPCAP

GND

—

Bypass capacitor for internal 1.8-V core regulator. Connect bypass capacitor to GND

GND

—

COMM_A+

COMM_A-

COMM_B+

COMM_B-

RESERVED

I_SENSE

I

Digital demodulation noninverting input A, connect parallel to input B+

Digital demodulation inverting input A, connect parallel to input B-

Digital demodulation noninverting input B, connect parallel to input A+

Digital demodulation inverting input B, connect parallel to input A-

Reserved, leave this pin open

Transmitter input current, used for parasitic loss calculations. Use 20-mΩ sense resistor and

A=50 gain current sense amp

43

44

45

LOSS_THR

LED_MODE

V_SENSE

I

Input to program foreign metal object detection (FOD) threshold

LED Mode Select

Transmitter power train input voltage, used for FOD and Loss calculations. Voltage sample

point should be after current input sense resistor. Use 76.8-kΩ to 10-kΩ divider to minimize

quiescent loss.

46

47

48

49

V_IN

I

System input voltage selector. Connect this input to GND for 12-V operation.

GND

—

I

ADCREF

EPAD

External reference voltage input. Connect this input to GND.

Flood with copper GND plane and stitch vias to PCB internal GND plane

—

8

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Principles of Operation

Fundamentals

The principle of wireless power transfer is simply an open cored transformer consisting of a transmitter and

receiver coils. The transmitter coil and electronics are typically built into a charger pad and the receiver coil and

electronics are typically built into a portable device, such as a cell-phone.

When the receiver coil is positioned on the transmitter coil, magnetic coupling occurs once the transmitter coil is

driven. The flux is coupled into the secondary coil which induces a voltage and current flows. The secondary

voltage is rectified, and power can be transferred effectively to a load, wirelessly. Power transfer can be

managed via any of various familiar closed-loop control schemes.

Wireless Power Consortium (WPC)

The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) is an international group of companies from diverse industries. The WPC

Standard was developed to facilitate cross compatibility of compliant transmitters and receivers. The standard

defines the physical parameters and the communication protocol to be used in wireless power. For more

information, or to download a copy of the WPC specification, go to http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/.

Power Transfer

Power transfer depends on coil coupling. Coupling is dependant on the distance between coils, alignment, coil

dimensions, coil materials, number of turns, magnetic shielding, impedance matching, frequency and duty cycle.

Most importantly, the receiver and transmitter coils must be aligned for best coupling and efficient power transfer.

The closer the space between the coils is, the better the coupling. However, the practical distance is set to be

less than 5 mm, as defined within the WPC Specification, to account for housing and interface surfaces.

Shielding is added as a backing to both the transmitter and receiver coils to direct the magnetic field to the

coupled zone. Magnetic fields outside the coupled zone do not transfer power. Thus, shielding also serves to

contain the fields to avoid coupling to other adjacent system components.

Regulation can be achieved by controlling any one of the coil coupling parameters. However, for WPC

compatibility, the transmitter-side coils and capacitance are specified and the resonant frequency point is fixed.

Power transfer is thus regulated by changing the frequency along the resonance curve from 112 kHz to 205 kHz,

(that is the higher the frequency is, the lower the power). Duty cycle remains constant at 50% throughout the

power band and is reduced only once 205 kHz is reached.

The WPC standard describes the dimensions, materials of the coils and information regarding the tuning of the

coils to resonance. The value of the inductor and resonant capacitor are critical to proper operation and system

efficiency.

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Principles of Operation (continued)

Communication

Communication within the WPC is from the receiver to the transmitter, where the receiver tells the transmitter to

send power and how much. In order to regulate, the receiver must communicate with the transmitter whether to

increase or decrease frequency. The receiver monitors the rectifier output and using Amplitude Modulation (AM),

sends packets of information to the transmitter. A packet is comprised of a preamble, a header, the actual

message and a checksum, as defined by the WPC standard.

The receiver sends a packet by modulating an impedance network. This AM signal reflects back as a change in

the voltage amplitude on the transmitter coil. The signal is demodulated and decoded by the transmitter-side

electronics and the frequency of its coil-drive output is adjusted to close the regulation loop. The bq500410A

features internal digital demodulation circuitry.

The modulated impedance network on the receiver can either be resistive or capacitive. Figure 1 shows the

resistive modulation approach, where a resistor is periodically added to the load, Figure 2 shows the resulting

amplitude change in the transmitter voltage. Figure 2 shows the capacitive modulation approach, where a

capacitor is periodically added to the load and the resulting amplitude change in the transmitter voltage.

Rectifier

Receiver

Capacitor

Amax

Receiver Coil

Modulation

Resitor

Operating state at logic “0”

Operating state at logic “1”

A(0)

A(1)

Comm

Fsw

F, kHz

a)

b)

Figure 1. Receiver Resistive Modulation Circuit

Rectifier

Receiver

Capacitor

Receiver Coil

Amax

Modulation

Capacitors

Operating state at logic “ 0”

Operating state at logic “ 1”

A(0)

A(1)

Comm

Fsw

F, kHz

Fo(1) < Fo(0)

a)

b)

Figure 2. Receiver Capacitive Modulation Circuit

10

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The bq500410A

Description of Operation

The bq500410A pings the surroundings in 400-ms intervals by sequentially firing the three coils in the array. The

COMM feedback signal is multiplexed through analog switches and is synchronized to the coil being driven. To

select the best coil match, the bq500410A looks for the strongest COMM signal. The coil is engaged and driven,

note that only one coil is driven at a time. The driven coil is tolerant of slight misalignment of the RX while power

is being transferred. Actually displacing the RX to an adjacent coil while charging is allowable, the sequential

ping sequence and detection to determine the best matching coil to drive continues to repeat.

Capacitor Selection

Capacitor selection is critical to proper system operation. The total capacitance value of 2 nF x 68 nF (+5.6-nF

center coil) is required in the resonant tank. This is the WPC system compatibility requirement, not a guideline.

NOTE

A total capacitance value of 2 nF x 68 nF/100 V (68 nF + 5.6 nF center coil) (C0G

dielectric type) is required in the resonant tank to achieve the correct resonance

frequency.

The capacitors chosen must be rated for at least 100 V and must be of a high quality C0G dielectric (sometimes

also called NP0). These are typically available in a 5% tolerance, which is adequate. The use of X7R types or

below is not recommended if WPC compliance is required because critical WPC Certification Testing, such as

the minimum modulation or ensured power requirements, might fail.

The designer can combine capacitors to achieve the desired capacitance value. Various combinations can work

depending on market availability. All capacitors must be of C0G types, not mixed with any other dielectric types.

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A6 Coil Specification

The coil and matching capacitor specification for the A6 transmitter has been established by WPC Standard. This

is fixed and cannot be changed on the transmitter side.

The bq500410A is primarily intended to drive a 3 coil array but it can also be used to drive a single coil. For

single coil operation the two outer coils and associated electronics are simply omitted. Please refer to the

application schematic at the end of this datasheet (See Figure 6).

Doo

Dol

Dil

Doe

Figure 3. Coil Specification Drawing

Table 2. Coil Specification

PARAMETER

Outer length

Inner length

Outer width

Inner width

SYMBOL

Dol

SPECIFICATION

53.2, (±0.5)

27.5, (±0.5)

45.2, (±0.5)

19.5, (±0.5)

1.5, (±0.5)

12

UNIT

Dil

Dow

Diw

Dc

mm

Thickness

Turns

N

Turns

mm

Layers

-

1

Odd displacement

Even displacement

Doo

Doe

49.2, (±4)

24.6, (±2)

NOTE

The performance of an A6 transmitter can vary based on the design of the A6 coil set. For

best performance with small receiver coils under heavy loading, it is best to design the coil

set such that the Doo dimension is on the low end of the specified tolerance.

For a current list of coil vendors please see:

•

bqTESLA Transmitter Coil Vendors, Texas Instruments Literature Number SLUA649

12

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Option Select Pins

Two pins (pin 43 and pin 44) on the bq500410A are allocated to program the Loss Threshold and the LED mode

of the device. At power up, a bias current is applied to pins LED_MODE and LOSS_THR and the resulting

voltage measured in order to identify the value of the attached programming resistor. The values of the operating

parameters set by these pins are determined using Table 4. For LED_MODE, the selected bin determines the

LED behavior based on Table 3; for the LOSS_THR, the selected bin sets a threshold used for parasitic metal

object detection (see Parasitic Metal Detection (PMOD) and Foreign Object Detection (FOD) section).

bq500410A

LED_MODE

44

Resistors

LOSS_THR

43

to set

To 12-bit ADC

options

Figure 4. Option Programming

LED Modes

The bq500410A can directly drive two LED outputs (pin 7 and pin 8) through a simple current limit resistor

(typically 470 Ω), based on the mode selected. The two current limit resistors can be individually adjusted to tune

or match the brightness of the two LEDs. Do not exceed the maximum output current rating of the device.

The selection resistor connected between pin 44 and GND selects one of the desired LED indication schemes

presented in Table 3.

Table 3. LED Modes

OPERATIONAL STATES

LED

CONTROL

OPTION

SELECTION

RESISTOR

DESCRIPTION

LED

POWER

TRANSFER

CHARGE

COMPLETE

PMOD or FOD

WARNING

STANDBY

FAULT

0

1

<36.5 kΩ

42.2 kΩ

LEDs off

LED1, Green

LED2, Red

LED1, Green

LED2, Red

LED1, Green

LED2 Red

Off

On

Off

Blink slow⁽¹⁾

On

Off

On

Off

On

Off

On

Off

Blink fast⁽²⁾

Off

Generic

Off

Blink slow⁽¹⁾

Off

2

3

4

48.7 kΩ

56.2 kΩ

Generic + standby

Generic Opt 1

Off

On

Off

On

Blink fast⁽²⁾

Off

Blink fast⁽²⁾

On

LED1, Green

LED2 Red

Off

64.9 kΩ

> 75 kΩ

Generic Opt 2

Reserved

On

Blink fast⁽²⁾

(1) Blink slow = 0.625 Hz

(2) Blink fast = 2.5 Hz

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Parasitic Metal Object Detect (PMOD) and Foreign Object Detection (FOD)

The bq500410A is WPC1.1 ready and supports both enhanced PMOD and FOD features by continuously

monitoring the input voltage and current to calculate input power. Combining input power, known losses, and the

value of power reported by the RX device being charged, the bq500410A can estimate how much power is

unaccounted for and presumed lost due to metal objects placed in the wireless power transfer path. If this

unexpected loss exceeds the threshold set by the LOSS_THR resistor, a fault is indicated and power transfer is

halted. Whether the PMOD or the FOD algorithm is used is determined by the ID packet of the receiver being

charged.

PMOD has certain inherent weaknesses as rectified power is not ensured to be accurate per WPC1.0

Specification. The user has the flexibility to adjust the LOSS_THR resistor or to disable PMOD by leaving pin 43

open should issues with compliance or interoperability arise.

The FOD algorithm uses information from an in-system characterized and WPC1.1 certified RX and it is therefore

more accurate. Where the WPC1.0 specification requires merely the Rectified Power packet, the WPC1.1

specification additionally uses the Received Power packet which more accurately tracks power used by the

receiver.

As default, PMOD and FOD share the same LOSS_THR setting resistor for which the recommended starting

point is 400 mW (selected by a 56.2-kΩ resistor on the LOSS_THR option pin 43). If, for some reason, the

application requires disabling one or the other or setting separate PMOD and FOD thresholds, Figure 5 can be

used.

Resistor R39 sets the FOD threshold and R24 sets the PMOD threshold in this configuration. The control lines

(FOD and PMOD) are driven briefly at power-up when the resistor values are read.

To selectively disable PMOD support, R24 and Q8-B should be omitted from the above design.

14

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Table 4. Option Select Bins

LOSS THRESHOLD

BIN NUMBER

RESISTANCE (kΩ)

(mW)

0

1

<36.5

42.2

48.7

56.2

64.9

75.0

86.6

100

250

300

2

350

3

400

4

450

5

500

6

550

7

600

8

115

650

9

133

700

10

11

12

13

154

750

800

178

205

850

>237

Feature Disabled

SEE_NOTE

R22

R39

R24

Q8-A

Q8-B

AGND

FOD

PMOD

Figure 5. LOSS_THR Connection Circuits

NOTE

Either one of these circuits is connected to LOSS_THR, but not both.

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Shut Down by Thermal Sensor or Trigger

Typical applications of the bq500410A does not require additional thermal protection. This shutdown feature is

provided for enhanced applications and is not limited to thermal shutdown. The key parameter is the 1.0-V

threshold on pin 2. Voltage below 1.0 V on pin 2 causes the device to shut down.

The application of thermal monitoring via a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) sensor, for example, is

straightforward. The NTC forms the lower leg of a temperature dependant voltage divider. The NTC leads are

connected to the bq500410A device, pin 2 and GND. The threshold on pin 2 is set to 1.0 V, below which the

system shuts down and a fault is indicated (depending on LED mode chosen).

To implement this feature follow these steps:

1. Consult the NTC datasheet and find the resistence vs temperature curve.

2. Determine the actual temperature where the NTC will be placed by using a thermal probe.

3. Read the NTC resistance at that temperature in the NTC datasheet, that is R_NTC.

4. Use the following formula to determine the upper leg resistor (R_Setpoint):

R _Setpoint = 2.3´R _NTC

(1)

The system restores normal operation after approximately five minutes or if the receiver is removed. If the feature

is not used, this pin must be pulled high.

NOTE

Pin 2 must always be terminated, else erratic behavior may result.

Fault Handling and Indication

The following is a table of End Power Transfer (EPT) packet responses, fault conditions, the duration how long

the condition lasts until a retry in attempted. The LED mode selected determines how the LED indicates the

condition or fault.

Table 5. Fault Handling and Indication

DURATION

CONDITION

HANDLING

(before retry)

Immediate

5 seconds

Infinite

EPT-00

EPT-01

Unknown

Charge complete

Internal fault

EPT-02

EPT-03

5 minutes

Immediate

Infinite

Over temperature

Over voltage

EPT-04

EPT-05

Over current

EPT-06

Battery failure

Reconfiguration

No response

EPT-07

Not applicable

Immediate

1 minute

EPT-08

OVP (over voltage)

OC (over current)

NTC (external sensor)

5 minutes

10 seconds LED only,

2 seconds LED +

buzzer

PMOD/FOD warning

PMOD/FOD

12 seconds

5 minutes

16

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Power Transfer Start Signal

The bq500410A features two signal outputs to indicate that power transfer has begun. Pin 23 outputs a 400-ms

duration, 4-kHz square wave for driving low cost AC type ceramic buzzers. Pin 24 outputs logic high, also for 400

ms, which is suitable for DC type buzzers with built-in tone generators, or as a trigger for any type of customized

indication scheme. Do not exceed 4 mA loading from either of these pins which is more than adequate for small

signaling and actuation. If not used, these pins should be left open.

Power-On Reset

The bq500410A has an integrated Power-On Reset (POR) circuit which monitors the supply voltage and handles

the correct device startup sequence. Additional supply voltage supervisor or reset circuits are not needed.

External Reset, RESET Pin

The bq500410A can be forced into a reset state by an external circuit connected to the RESET pin. A logic low

voltage on this pin holds the device in reset. For normal operation, this pin is pulled up to 3.3 V_CCwith a 10-kΩ

pull-up resistor.

Trickle Charge and CS100

CS100 is supported. If CS100 is reported by the RX, the bq500410A indicates that charge is complete.

The WPC specification provides an End-of-Power Transfer message (EPT) to indicate charge complete. Upon

receipt of the charge complete message, the bq500410A changes the LED indication to solid green LED output

and halt power transfer for 5 seconds. Subsequently, transmitters pings the receiver again to see if its status has

changed, assuming it receives another EPT, the LED mode stays the same.

The WPC specification also provides reporting of the level of battery charge (Charge Status). In some battery

charging applications there is a benefit to continue the charging process in trickle-charge mode to top off the

battery. The bq500410A changes the LED indication to reflect charge complete when a 'Charge Status 100%'

message is received, but unlike the response to an EPT message, it does not halt power transfer while the LED

is solid green. The RX, the mobile device being charged, uses a CS100 packet to enable trickle charge mode.

Current Monitoring Requirements

The bq500410A is WPC1.1 ready. In order to enable the PMOD or FOD features, current monitoring must be

provided in the design.

Current monitoring is optional however, it is used for the foreign metal protection features and over current

protection. The system designer can choose not to include the current monitor and remain WPC1.0 compliant.

Alternately, the additional current monitoring circuitry can be added to the hardware design but not loaded. This

would enable a forward migration path to future WPC1.1 compatibility.

For proper scaling of the current monitor signal, the current sense resistor should be 20 mΩ and the current

shunt amplifier should have a gain of 50, such as the INA199A1. The current sense resistor has a temperature

stability of ±200 PPM. Proper current sensing techniques in the application hardware should also be observed.

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Over-Current Protection

The bq500410A has an integrated current protection feature which monitors the input current reported by the

current sense resistor and amplifier. If the input current exceeds a safety threshold, a fault is indicated and power

transfer is halted for one minute.

If this feature is desired, the sense resistor and amplifier are required. If this feature is not desired, the I_SENSE

input pin to the bq500410A (pin 42) should be grounded.

NOTE

Always terminate the I_SENSE pin (pin 42), either with the output of a current monitor

circuit or by connecting to ground.

MSP430G2101 Low Power Supervisor

This is an optional low-power feature. By adding the MSP430G2101, as recommended in the bq500410A

application schematic, the bq500410A device is periodically shut down to conserve power, yet all relevant states

are recalled and all running LED status indicators remain active.

Since the bq500410A needs an external low-power mode to significantly reduce power consumption, the most

direct way to reduce power is to remove its supply and completely shut it down. In doing so, however, the

bq500410A goes through a reset and any data in memory would be lost. Important information regarding charge

state, fault condition, operating mode and indicator pins driven would be cleared.

The MSP430G2101, in its role as a low-power supervisor, is used to provide accurate 'ping' timing, retains

charge state, operating mode, fault condition and all relevant operation states. The LEDs are now driven and

controlled by the MSP430, not the bq500410A, which directly drives and maintains the LED status indication

during the bq500410A reset periods. Since the LED indicators are now driven by the MSP430G2101, care

should be taken not to exceed the pin output current drive limit.

Using the suggested circuitry, a standby power reduction from 300 mW to less than 90 mW can be expected

making it possible to achieve Energy Star rating.

The user does not need to program the MSP430G2101, an off-the-shelf part can be used. The required

MSP430G2101 firmware is embedded in the bq500410A and is boot loaded at first power up, similar to a field

update. The MSP430G2101 code cannot be modified by the user.

NOTE

The user cannot program the MSP430G2101 in this system.

All Unused Pins

All unused pins can be left open unless otherwise indicated. Please refer to Table 1. Grounding of unused pins, if

it is an option, can improve PCB layout.

18

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SLUSB96 – NOVEMBER 2012

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Overview

The application schematic for the transmitter with reduced standby power is shown in Figure 7.

CAUTION

Please check the bq500410A product page for the most up-to-date schematic and list

of materials reference design package before starting a new project.

Input Regulator

The bq500410A requires 3.3 V_DCto operate. A buck regulator or a linear regulator can be used to step down

from the 12-V system input. Either choice is fully WPC compatible, the decision lies in the user's requirements

with respect to cost or efficiency.

The application example circuit utilizes a low-cost buck regulator, TPS54231.

Power Trains

The bq500410A drives three independent half bridges. Each half bridge drives one coil from the coil set

assembly. The TPS28225 is the recommended driver device for this application. It features high-side drive

capability which enables the use of N-channel MOSFETs throughout. Gate-drive supply can be derived from a

primitive active voltage divider. A highly regulated supply is not required to drive MOSFET gates.

Signal Processing Components

The COMM signal used to control power transfer is derived from the coil voltage. Each coil has its own signal

processing chain. The coil voltage is AC coupled and divided down to a manageable level and biased to a 1-V

offset. Series connected diodes are provided for protection from any possible transients. The three signal

processing chains are then multiplexed together via analog switches. Thus, the correct signal processing chain

and COMM signal used to control power transfer is from the coil being driven.

Low-Power Supervisor

Power reduction is achieved by periodically disabling the bq500410A while LED and housekeeping control

functions are continued by U4, the low-cost, low quiescent current micro controller MSP430G2101. When U4 is

present in the circuit (which is set by a pull-up resistor on bq500410A pin 25), the bq500410A at first power-up

boots the MSP430G2101 with the necessary firmware and the two chips operate in tandem. During standby

operation, the bq500410A periodically issues SLEEP command, Q1 pulls the supply to the bq500410A, therefore

eliminating its power consumption. Meanwhile, the MSP430G2101 maintains the LED indication and stores

previous charge state during this bq500410A reset period. This bq500410A off period is set by the

MSP430G2101. WPC compliance mandates the power transmitter controller, bq500410A, awakes every 400 ms

to produce an analog ping and check if a valid device is present. This time constant can not be altered to further

reduce power.

Disabling Low-Power Supervisor Mode

For lowest cost or if the low-power supervisor is not needed, please refer to Figure 8 for an application schematic

example.

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Input Power Requirements

For full wireless power system capability and WPC compliance, the AC power adapter selected for the

application should have a minimum rating of 12 V at 750 mA.

PCB Layout

Careful PCB layout practice is critical to proper system operation. There are many references on proper PCB

layout techniques. A few good tips are repeated here:

The TX layout requires a 4-layer PCB layout for best ground plane technique. A 2-layer PCB layout can be

achieved though not as easily. Ideally, the approach to the layer stack-up has been:

•

Layer 1 component placement and as much ground plane as possible.

Layer 2 clean ground.

Layer 3 finish routing.

Layer 4 clean ground.

Thus, the circuitry is virtually sandwiched between grounds. This minimizes EMI noise emissions and also

provides a noise free voltage reference plane for device operation.

Keep as much copper as possible. Make sure the bq500410A GND pins and the power pad have a continuous

flood connection to the ground plane. The power pad should also be stitched to the ground plane, which also

acts as a heat sink for the bq500410A. A good GND reference is necessary for proper bq500410A operation,

such as analog-digital conversion, clock stability and best overall EMI performance.

Separate the analog ground plane from the power ground plane and use only ONE tie point to connect grounds.

Having several tie points defeats the purpose of separating the grounds!

The COMM return signal from the resonant tank should be routed as a differential pair. This is intended to reduce

stray noise induction. The frequencies of concern warrant low-noise analog signaling techniques, such as

differential routing and shielding, but the COMM signal lines do not need to be impedance matched.

The DC-to-DC buck regulator used from the 12-V input supplies the bq500410A with 3.3 V. Typically a single-

chip controller solution with integrated power FET and synchronous rectifier or outboard diode is used. Pull in the

buck inductor and power loop as close as possible to create a tight loop. Likewise, the power-train, full-bridge

components should be pulled together as tight as possible. See the bq500410A EVM for an example of a good

layout technique.

References

1. Technology, Wireless Power Consortium, http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/

2. Analog Applications Journal, An Introduction to the Wireless Power Consortium Standard and TI’s Compliant

Solutions, Johns, Bill, (Texas Instruments Literature Number SLYT401)

3. Datasheet, Qi Compliant Wireless Power Transmitter Manager, (Texas Instruments Literature Number

SLUSAL8)

4. Datasheet, Integrated Wireless Power Supply Receiver, Qi (WPC) Compliant, bq51011, bq51013, (Texas

Instruments Literature Number SLVSAT9)

5. Application Note, Building a Wireless Power Transmitter, (Texas Instruments Literature Number SLUA635)

6. Application Note, bqTESLA Transmitter Coil Vendors, Texas Instruments Literature Number SLUA649

20

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SLUSB96 – NOVEMBER 2012

bq500410A Single, Low-Power and Low-Cost Schematics

F

6 1 P T

5 1 P T

-

N I

T U O

+ N I

A 3 3 V

D A P E

9 4

D N G

2 3

4 3

3 3

D N G

6 3

D N G

7 4

D 3 3 V

D R B _ N I V

C C V _ 3 V 3

U T S A T S

T O I L P

Figure 6. bq500410A Single Coil Application Diagram

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F

0 . 0 1

F

0 . 0 1

F

0 . 0 1

2 7 R

0 8 R

6 8 R

0 . 0 1

2 R

3 7 R

1 8 R

-

N I

T U O

+ N I

A 3 3 V

D 3 3 V

D A P E

4 3

3 3

9 4

2 3

6 3

7 4

D N G

D R B _ N I V

C C V _ 3 V 3

U T S A T S

T O I L P

Figure 7. bq500410A Low-Power Application Diagram

22

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F

0 . 0 1

F

0 . 0 1

F

0 . 0 1

2 7 R

0 8 R

6 8 R

0 . 0 1

2 R

3 7 R

1 8 R

A 3 3 V

D 3 3 V

D A P E

D N G

4 3

3 3

9 4

2 3

6 3

7 4

U T S A T S

C C V

N I - V 2 1

C C V

Figure 8. bq500410A Low-Cost Application Diagram

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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com

7-Nov-2012

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Package Pins

Type Drawing

SPQ

Reel

A0

B0

K0

P1

W

Pin1

Diameter Width (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Quadrant

(mm) W1 (mm)

BQ500410ARGZR

BQ500410ARGZT

VQFN

RGZ

48

2500

250

330.0

180.0

16.4

7.3

1.5

12.0

16.0

Q2

Pack Materials-Page 1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com

7-Nov-2012

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Type Package Drawing Pins

SPQ

Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

BQ500410ARGZR

BQ500410ARGZT

VQFN

RGZ

48

2500

250

367.0

210.0

367.0

185.0

38.0

35.0

Pack Materials-Page 2

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型号：	bq500410ARGZT
厂家：	TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述：	Free Positioning, Qi Compliant Wireless Power Transmitter Manager 免费定位，戚符合无线电源发送器管理器无线
文件：	总30页 (文件大小：1100K)
中文：	中文翻译
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