ADN2915ACPZ [ADI]
Continuous Rate 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps Clock and Data Recovery IC with Integrated Limiting Amp/EQ;
| 型号： | ADN2915ACPZ |
| 厂家： | 
ADI |
| 描述： | Continuous Rate 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps Clock and Data Recovery IC with Integrated Limiting Amp/EQ |
| 文件： | 总36页 (文件大小：776K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Continuous Rate 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps Clock and
Data Recovery IC with Integrated Limiting Amp/EQ
Data Sheet
ADN2915
FEATURES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Serial data input: 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps
No reference clock required
The ADN2915 provides the receiver functions of quantization,
signal level detect, and clock and data recovery for continuous
data rates from 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps. The ADN2915 automati-
cally locks to all data rates without the need for an external
reference clock or programming. ADN2915 jitter performance
exceeds all jitter specifications required by SONET/SDH, including
jitter transfer, jitter generation, and jitter tolerance.
Exceeds SONET/SDH requirements for jitter
transfer/generation/tolerance
Quantizer sensitivity: 7.3 mV typical (limiting amplifier mode)
Optional limiting amplifier, equalizer, and bypass inputs
Programmable jitter transfer bandwidth to support G.8251 OTN
Programmable slice level
The ADN2915 provides manual or automatic slice adjust and
manual sample phase adjusts. Additionally, the user can select a
limiting amplifier, equalizer, or bypass at the input. The equalizer
is either adaptive or can be manually set.
Sample phase adjust (5.65 Gbps or greater)
Output polarity invert
Programmable LOS threshold via I2C
I2C to access optional features
Loss of signal (LOS) alarm (limiting amplifier mode only)
Loss of lock (LOL) indicator
PRBS generator/detector
The receiver front-end loss of signal (LOS) detector circuit
indicates when the input signal level has fallen below a user-
programmable threshold. The LOS detect circuit has hysteresis
to prevent chatter at the LOS output. In addition, the input
signal strength can be read through the I2C registers.
Application-aware power
430 mW at 11.3 Gbps, equalizer enabled, no clock output
380 mW at 6.144 Gbps, limiting amplifier mode, no clock
output
340 mW at 622 Mbps, input bypass mode, no clock output
Power supply: 1.2 V, flexible 1.8 V to 3.3 V, and 3.3 V
4 mm × 4 mm 24-lead LFCSP
The ADN2915 also supports pseudorandom binary sequence
(PRBS) generation, bit error detection, and input data rate
readback features.
The ADN2915 is available in a compact 4 mm × 4 mm, 24-lead
chip scale package (LFCSP). All ADN2915 specifications are
defined over the ambient temperature range of −40°C to +85°C,
unless otherwise noted.
APPLICATIONS
SONET/SDH OC-1/OC-3/OC-12/OC-48/OC-192 and all
associated FEC rates
1GFC, 2GFC, 4GFC, 8GFC, 10GFC, 1GE, and 10GE
WDM transponders
Any rate regenerators/repeaters
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
REFCLKP/
REFCLKN
(OPTIONAL)
DATOUTP/
DATOUTN
CLKOUTP/
CLKOUTN
SCK
2
SDA
LOL
DATA RATE
2
I C REGISTERS
I C_ADDR
FREQUENCY
ACQUISITION
AND LOCK
CML
CML
DETECTOR
CLK
DDR
ADN2915
LOS
DETECT
LOS
FIFO
SAMPLE
PHASE
÷N
÷2
ADJUST
DOWNSAMPLER
AND LOOP
FILTER
DCO
LA
DATA
INPUT
SAMPLER
PIN
NIN
2
RXD
BYPASS
EQ
RXCK
50Ω
50Ω
CLOCK
2
PHASE
I C
2
I C
SHIFTER
V
V
CC
CM
FLOAT
Figure 1.
Rev. A
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Technical Support
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ADN2915
Data Sheet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Frequency Acquisition............................................................... 22
Limiting Amplifier ..................................................................... 22
Slice Adjust.................................................................................. 22
Edge Select................................................................................... 22
Loss of Signal (LOS) Detector .................................................. 23
Passive Equalizer ........................................................................ 24
Bypass........................................................................................... 24
Lock Detector Operation .......................................................... 25
Harmonic Detector .................................................................... 25
Output Disable and Squelch ..................................................... 26
I2C Interface ................................................................................ 26
Reference Clock (Optional)...................................................... 26
Additional Features Available via the I2C Interface............... 28
Input Configurations ................................................................. 30
DC-Coupled Application .......................................................... 32
Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 33
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 33
Applications....................................................................................... 1
General Description......................................................................... 1
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Jitter Specifications....................................................................... 5
Output and Timing Specifications............................................. 6
Timing Diagrams.......................................................................... 8
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 9
Thermal Characteristics .............................................................. 9
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 9
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions........................... 10
Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 11
I2C Interface Timing and Internal Register Descriptions ......... 14
Register Map ............................................................................... 15
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 20
Functional Description.................................................................. 22
REVISION HISTORY
1/16—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Changed NC to DNC.................................................... Throughout
Changes to Figure 5........................................................................ 10
Updated Outline Dimensions....................................................... 33
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 33
7/13—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. A | Page 2 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
SPECIFICATIONS
TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCC = VCCMIN to VCCMAX, VCC1 = VCC1MIN to VCC1MAX, VDD = VDDMIN to VDDMAX, VEE = 0 V, input data
pattern: PRBS 223 − 1, ac-coupled, I2C register default settings, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
DATA RATE SUPPORT RANGE
INPUT—DC CHARACTERISTICS
Peak-to-Peak Differential Input1
Input Resistance
0.0065
11.3
Gbps
PIN − NIN
Differential
1.0
105
V
Ω
95
100
BYPASS PATH—CML INPUT
Input Voltage Range
Input Common-Mode Level
At PIN or NIN, dc-coupled, RX_TERM_FLOAT = 1 (float) 0.5
VCC
VCC − 0.15
V
V
DC-coupled (see Figure 39), 600 mV p-p differential,
RX_TERM_FLOAT = 1 (float)
0.65
Differential Input Sensitivity
OC-192
AC-coupled, RX_TERM_FLOAT = 0 (VCM = 1.2 V), bit
error rate (BER) = 1 × 10−10
Jitter tolerance scrambled pattern (JTSPAT), ac-
coupled, RX_TERM_FLOAT = 0 (VCM = 1.2 V), BER = 1 ×
10−12
200
200
mV p-p
mV p-p
8GFC2
LIMITING AMPLIFIER INPUT PATH
Differential Input Sensitivity
OC-48
BER = 1 × 10−10
7.0
9.2
8.3
11.0
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
OC-192
8GFC2
10.3125 Gbps
BER = 1 × 10−10
JTSPAT, BER = 1 × 10−12
JTSPAT, BER = 1 × 10−12
EQUALIZER INPUT PATH
Differential Input Sensitivity
15 inch FR-4, 100 Ω differential transmission line,
adaptive EQ on
JTSPAT, BER = 1 × 10−12
BER = 1 × 10−10
8GFC2
OC-192
115
184
mV p-p
mV p-p
INPUT—AC CHARACTERISTICS
S11
At 7.5 GHz, differential return loss, see Figure 14
−12
dB
LOSS OF SIGNAL DETECT (LOS)
Loss of Signal Detect
10
5
128
5.7
135
110
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
dB
µs
µs
Loss of signal minimum program value
Loss of signal maximum program value
Hysteresis (Electrical)
LOS Assert Time
LOS Deassert Time
AC-coupled3
AC-coupled3
LOSS OF LOCK (LOL) DETECT
DCO Frequency Error for LOL Assert
With respect to nominal, data collected in lock to
reference (LTR) mode
1000
ppm
DCO Frequency Error for LOL Deassert With respect to nominal, data collected in LTR mode
250
10
51
25
18
ppm
ms
µs
µs
µs
LOL Assert Response Time
10.0 Mbps
2.5 Gbps
8.5 Gbps, JTSPAT
10 Gbps
ACQUISITION TIME
Lock to Data (LTD) Mode
10 Mbps
2.5 Gbps
8.5 Gbps, JTSPAT
10 Gbps
24
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
0.5
0.5
0.5
6.0
Optional LTR Mode4
Rev. A | Page 3 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
DATA RATE READBACK ACCURACY
5
Coarse Readback
%
100
Fine Readback
In addition to reference clock accuracy
ppm
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VCC
VDD
VCC1
1.14
2.97
1.62
1.2
3.3
1.8
1.26
3.63
3.63
V
V
V
POWER SUPPLY CURRENT
VCC
Limiting amplifier mode, clock output enabled
1.25 Gbps
277.1 311.0
256.2 288.3
270.1 304.0
303.1 340.4
319.1 359.5
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
3.125 Gbps
4.25 Gbps
6.144 Gbps
8GFC,2 JTSPAT
OC-192
1.25 Gbps
3.125 Gbps
4.25 Gbps
6.144 Gbps
8GFC,2 JTSPAT
OC-192
1.25 Gbps
3.125 Gbps
4.25 Gbps
333
377.4
8.28
8.21
8.33
8.17
8.1
VDD
7.24
7.21
7.23
7.26
7.20
7.21
35.6
19.0
22.2
19.4
22.2
35.1
VCC1
8.59
46.8
24.1
28.2
24.6
28.4
47.4
6.144 Gbps
8GFC,2 JTSPAT
OC-192
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION
Limiting amplifier mode, clock output enabled
1.25 Gbps
420.4
365.5
388
422.5
446.6
486.5
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
°C
3.125 Gbps
4.25 Gbps
6.144 Gbps
8GFC,2 JTSPAT
OC-192
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
1 See Figure 40.
−40
+85
2 Fibre Channel Physical Interface 4 standard, FC-P1-4, Rev 8.00, May 21, 2008.
3 When ac-coupled, the LOS assert and deassert times are dominated by the RC time constant of the ac coupling capacitor and the 100 Ω differential input termination
of the ADN2915 input stage.
4 This typical acquisition specification applies to all selectable reference clock frequencies in the range of 11.05 MHz to 176.8 MHz.
Rev. A | Page 4 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
JITTER SPECIFICATIONS
TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCC = VCCMIN to VCCMAX, VCC1 = VCC1MIN to VCC1MAX, VDD = VDDMIN to VDDMAX, VEE = 0 V, input data
pattern: PRBS 223 − 1, ac-coupled to 100 Ω differential termination load, I2C register default settings, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
PHASE-LOCKED LOOP CHARACTERISTICS
Jitter Transfer Bandwidth (BW)1
OC-192
TRANBW[2:0] = 3
1064
294
1242
663
157
175
44
1650
529
1676
896
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
OTN mode,2 TRANBW[2:0] = 1
8GFC3
OC-48
TRANBW[2:0] = 4 (default)
OTN mode,2 TRANBW[2:0] = 1
181
OC-12
OC-3
Jitter Peaking
OC-192
20 kHz to 80 MHz
20 kHz to 80 MHz
20 kHz to 10 MHz
0.014
0.004
0.004
0.01
0.024
0.021
0.023
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
8GFC3
OC-48
OC-12
OC-3
0.01
Jitter Generation
OC-192
Unfiltered
Unfiltered
Unfiltered
Unfiltered
12 kHz to 20 MHz
Unfiltered
12 kHz to 20 MHz
Unfiltered
12 kHz to 5 MHz
Unfiltered
12 kHz to 5 MHz
Unfiltered
0.0045
0.076
0.005
0.044
0.0025
0.0067 UI rms
UI p-p
8GFC3
OC-48
UI rms
UI p-p
UI rms
0.0046 UI rms
UI p-p
0.0276 UI p-p
UI rms
0.0011 UI rms
UI p-p
0.0076 UI p-p
UI rms
0.0156
0.0007
0.0038
0.0002
0.0008
OC-12
OC-3
12 kHz to 1.3 MHz
Unfiltered
12 kHz to 1.3 MHz
Unfiltered
0.0003 UI rms
UI p-p
0.0018 UI p-p
Jitter Tolerance
OC-192
TRANBW[2:0] = 4 (default)
2000 Hz
20 kHz
400 kHz
4 MHz
4255
106
3.78
0.46
0.42
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
80 MHz
8GFC,3 JTSPAT
Sinusoidal Jitter at 340 kHz
Sinusoidal Jitter at 5.098 MHz
Sinusoidal Jitter at 80 MHz
Rx Jitter Tracking Test4
6.7
0.53
0.59
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
Voltage modulation amplitude (VMA) = 170 mV p-p at 100 MHz,
425 mV p-p at 100 MHz, 170 mV p-p at 2.5 GHz, and 425 mV p-p
at 2.5 GHz excitation frequency5
510 kHz, 1 UI
100 kHz, 5 UI
10−12 <10−12
10−12 <10−12
BER
BER
Rev. A | Page 5 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
Typ
1528
378
16.6
0.70
0.63
193
Max
Unit
OC-48
600 Hz
6 kHz
100 kHz
1 MHz
20 MHz
30 Hz
300 Hz
25 kHz
250 kHz
5 MHz
30 Hz
300 Hz
6500 Hz
65 kHz
1.3 MHz
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
UI p-p
OC-12
OC-3
44
19.2
0.82
0.60
50.0
24.0
14.4
0.80
0.61
1 Jitter transfer bandwidth is programmable by adjusting TRANBW[2:0] in the DPLLA register (0x10).
2 Set TRANBW[2:0] = 1 to enter OTN mode. OTN is the optical transport network as defined in ITU G.709.
3 Fibre Channel Physical Interface 4 standard, FC-P1-4, Rev 8.00, May 21, 2008.
4 Conditions of FC-P1-4, Rev 8.00, Table 27, 800-DF-EL-S apply.
5 Must have zero errors during the tests for an interval of time that is ≤10−12 BER to pass the tests.
OUTPUT AND TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCC = VCCMIN to VCCMAX, VCC1 = VCC1MIN to VCC1MAX, VDD = VDDMIN to VDDMAX, VEE = 0 V, input data
pattern: PRBS 223 − 1, ac-coupled to 100 Ω differential termination load, I2C register default settings, unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
CML OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Data Differential Output Swing
OC-192, DATA_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xC (default)
OC-192, DATA_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xF (maximum)
OC-192, DATA_SWING[3:0] setting = 0x4 (minimum)
OC-192, CLOCK_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xC (default) 406
OC-192, CLOCK_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xF (maximum) 448
OC-192, CLOCK_SWING[3:0] setting = 0x4 (minimum)
8GFC, DATA_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xC (default)
8GFC, DATA_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xF (maximum)
8GFC, DATA_SWING[3:0] setting = 0x4 (minimum
8GFC, CLOCK_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xC (default)
8GFC, CLOCK_SWING[3:0] setting = 0xF (maximum)
535
668
189
600
724
219
508
583
217
600
725
214
518
603
213
672
771
252
570
659
249
666
778
245
588
680
245
VCC
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
mV p-p
V
Clock Differential Output Swing
Data Differential Output Swing
Clock Differential Output Swing
162
540
662
190
426
489
8GFC, CLOCK_SWING[3:0] setting = 0x4 (minimum) 166
VOH, dc-coupled
Output High Voltage
Output Low Voltage
VCC − 0.05
VCC −
0.025
VCC −
0.325
VOL, dc-coupled
VCC − 0.36
VCC −
0.29
V
CML OUTPUT TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
Rise Time
20% to 80%, at OC-192, DATOUTN/DATOUTP
20% to 80%, at OC-192, CLKOUTN/CLKOUTP
20% to 80%, at 8GFC,1 DATOUTN/DATOUTP
20% to 80%, at 8GFC,1 CLKOUTN/CLKOUTP
80% to 20%, at OC-192, DATOUTN/DATOUTP
20% to 80%, at OC-192, CLKOUTN/CLKOUTP
80% to 20%, at 8GFC,1 DATOUTN/DATOUTP
20% to 80%, at 8GFC,1 CLKOUTN/CLKOUTP
tS (see Figure 2)
17.4
22.2
20.4
23.1
17.5
23.9
23
32.6
28.3
33.1
29.7
33
29.2
34.2
31.3
0.5
46.5
33.1
44
35.8
49.1
33.7
46.8
37.1
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
ps
UI
UI
UI
UI
Fall Time
25
Setup Time, Full Rate Clock
Hold Time, Full Rate Clock
Setup Time, DDR Clock
Hold Time, DDR clock
tH (see Figure 2)
tS (see Figure 3)
tH (see Figure 3)
0.5
0.5
0.5
Rev. A | Page 6 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
Parameter
Test Conditions/Comments
Min
2.0
Typ
Max
Unit
I2C INTERFACE DC CHARACTERISTICS
Input High Voltage
LVTTL
VIH
V
Input Low Voltage
VIL
0.8
V
Input Current
VIN = 0.1 × VDD or VIN = 0.9 × VDD
VOL, IOL = 3.0 mA
−10.0
+10.0
0.4
µA
V
Output Low Voltage
I2C INTERFACE TIMING
SCK Clock Frequency
SCK Pulse Width High
SCK Pulse Width Low
Start Condition Hold Time
Start Condition Setup Time
Data Setup Time
Data Hold Time
SCK/SDA Rise/Fall Time
Stop Condition Setup Time
Bus Free Time Between Stop and
Start Conditions
See Figure 24
400
kHz
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tHIGH
tLOW
600
1300
600
600
100
300
20 + 0.1 Cb
600
tHD;STA
tSU;STA
tSU;DAT
tHD;DAT
tR/tF
2
300
tSU;STO
tBUF
1300
LVTTL DC INPUT CHARACTERISITICS
(I2C_ADDR)
Input Voltage
High
Low
Input Current
High
Low
VIH
VIL
2.0
−5
2.4
V
V
0.8
+5
IIH, VIN = 2.4 V
IIL, VIN = 0.4 V
µA
µA
LVTTL DC OUTPUT CHARACTERISITICS
(LOS/LOL)
Output Voltage
High
Low
VOH, IOH = +2.0 mA
VOL, IOL = −2.0 mA
Optional LTR mode
VCM (no input offset, no input current),
see Figure 32, ac-coupled input
V
V
0.4
1.0
REFERENCE CLOCK CHARACTERISTICS
Input Compliance Voltage (Single-
Ended)
0.55
V
Minimum Input Drive
Reference Frequency
Required Accuracy3
See Figure 32, ac-coupled, differential input
100
100
mV p-p diff
MHz
ppm
11.05
176.8
AC-coupled, differential input
1 Fibre Channel Physical Interface 4 standard, FC-P1-4, Rev 8.00, May 21, 2008.
2 Cb is the total capacitance of one bus line in picofarads (pF). If mixed with high speed (HS) mode devices, faster rise/fall times are allowed (refer to the Philips
I2C Bus Specification, Version 2.1).
3 Required accuracy in dc-coupled mode is guaranteed by design as long as the clock common-mode voltage output matches the reference clock common-
mode voltage range.
Rev. A | Page 7 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
TIMING DIAGRAMS
CLKOUTP
tH
tS
DATOUTP/
DATOUTN
Figure 2. Data to Clock Timing (Full Rate Clock Mode)
CLKOUTP
tS
tH
DATOUTP/
DATOUTN
Figure 3. Data to Clock Timing (Half-Rate Clock/DDR Mode)
DATOUTP
DATOUTN
V
SE
V
SE
V
DIFF
0V
DATOUTP – DATOUTN
Figure 4. Single-Ended vs. Differential Output Amplitude Relationship
Rev. A | Page 8 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 4.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Thermal Resistance
Parameter
Rating
1.26 V
3.63 V
1.26 V
Thermal resistance is specified for the worst-case conditions,
that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount
packages, for a 4-layer board with the exposed paddle soldered
to VEE.
Supply Voltage (VCC = 1.2 V)
Supply Voltage (VDD and VCC1 = 3.3 V)
Maximum Input Voltage (REFCLKP/REFCLKN,
NIN/PIN)
Minimum Input Voltage (REFCLKP/REFCLKN,
NIN/PIN)
Maximum Input Voltage (SDA, SCK,
I2C_ADDR)
VEE – 0.4 V
3.63 V
Table 5. Thermal Resistance
Package Type θJA
24-Lead LFCSP 45
1
2
3
θJB
θJC
Unit
5
11
°C/W
Minimum Input Voltage (SDA, SCK,
I2C_ADDR)
Maximum Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature Range
VEE − 0.4 V
1 Junction to ambient.
2 Junction to base.
3 Junction to case.
125°C
−65°C to +150°C
300°C
ESD CAUTION
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum
Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a
stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these
or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond
the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may
affect product reliability.
Rev. A | Page 9 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
PIN 1
INDICATOR
VCC
18
17
16
15
14
13
1
VCC
PIN 2
NIN 3
VDD
DNC
ADN2915
TOP VIEW
VEE
LOS
LOL
4
5
6
DATOUTP
DATOUTN
VCC
(Not to Scale)
NOTES
1. DNC = DO NOT CONNECT.
2. EXPOSED PADDLE ON BOTTOM OF DEVICE
PACKAGE MUST BE CONNECTED TO VEE
ELECTRICALLY.
Figure 5. Pin Configuration
Table 6. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Type1 Description
1
VCC
P
1.2 V Supply for Limiting Amplifier.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
PIN
NIN
VEE
LOS
LOL
VEE
VCC1
VDD
AI
AI
P
DO
DO
P
Positive Differential Data Input (CML).
Negative Differential Data Input (CML).
Ground for Limiting Amplifier.
Loss of Signal Output (Active High).
Loss of Lock Output (Active High).
Digital Control Oscillator (DCO) Ground.
1.8 V to 3.3 V DCO Supply.
P
P
3.3 V High Supply.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
CLKOUTN
CLKOUTP
VEE
DO
DO
P
Negative Differential Recovered Clock Output (CML).
Positive Differential Recovered Clock Output (CML).
Ground for CML Output Drivers.
1.2 V Supply for CML Output Drivers.
Negative Differential Retimed Data Output (CML).
Positive Differential Retimed Data Output (CML).
Do Not Connect. Tie off to ground.
3.3 V High Supply.
VCC
P
DATOUTN
DATOUTP
DNC
VDD
VCC
SCK
SDA
VCC
I2C_ADDR
DO
DO
DI
P
P
1.2 V Core Digital Supply.
DI
DIO
P
Clock for I2C.
Bidirectional Data for I2C.
1.2 V Core Supply.
DI
Sets the device I2C address = 0x80 when I2C_ADDR = 0, and the device I2C address = 0x82 when
I2C_ADDR = 1.
23
24
REFCLKN
REFCLKP
EPAD
DI
DI
P
Negative Reference Clock Input (Optional).
Positive Reference Clock Input (Optional).
Exposed Pad (VEE). The exposed pad on the bottom of the device package must be connected to VEE
electrically. The exposed pad works as a heat sink.
1 P = power, AI = analog input, DI = digital input, DO = digital output, DIO = digital input/output.
Rev. A | Page 10 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C, VCC = 1.2 V, VCC1 = 1.8 V, VDD = 3.3 V, VEE = 0 V, input data pattern: PRBS 215 − 1, ac-coupled inputs and outputs,
unless otherwise noted.
16.8ps/DIV
66.9ps/DIV
Figure 6. Output Eye Diagram at OC-192
Figure 9. Output Eye Diagram at OC-48
5
0
1k
100
10
XFP MASK
ADN2915 TOLERANCE
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
–30
–35
–40
–45
1
SONET REQUIREMENT MASK
0.1
0.01
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
JITTER FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 7. Jitter Tolerance: OC-192
Figure 10. Jitter Transfer: OC-192 (TRANBW[2:0] = 3)
5
0
1k
100
10
ADN2915
EQUIPMENT LIMIT
SONET MASK
SONET MASK
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
1
0.1
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
JITTER FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 11. Jitter Transfer: OC-48
Figure 8. Jitter Tolerance: OC-48
Rev. A | Page 11 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
5
0
1k
ADN2915
EQUIPMENT LIMIT
SONET MASK
SONET MASK
–5
100
10
1
–10
–15
–20
–25
–30
–35
–40
–45
0.1
10
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
JITTER FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 12. Jitter Tolerance: OC-12
Figure 15. Jitter Transfer: OC-12
5
0
100
10
1
ADN2915
EQUIPMENT LIMIT
SONET MASK
SONET MASK
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
–30
–35
–40
–45
0.1
10
500
5k
50k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
500k
5M
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
JITTER FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 13. Jitter Tolerance: OC-3
Figure 16. Jitter Transfer: OC-3
12
10
8
0
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
–30
–35
6
4
2
0
–40
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
FREQUENCY (Hz)
DATA RATE (Gbps)
Figure 14. Typical S11 Spectrum Performance
Figure 17. Sensitivities of SONET/SDH Data Rates (BER = 10−10
)
Rev. A | Page 12 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
16
14
12
10
8
6
TYPICAL
ADAPTIVE EQ
SETTING
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
EQ SETTING
DATA RATE (Gbps)
Figure 18. BER in Equalizer Mode vs. EQ Compensation at OC-192
(Measured with a OC-192 Signal of 400 mV p-p diff, on 15-Inch FR4 Traces,
with Variant EQ Compensation, Including Adaptive EQ)
Figure 19. Sensitivities of Non-SONET/SDH Data Rates (BER = 10−12
)
Rev. A | Page 13 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
I2C INTERFACE TIMING AND INTERNAL REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
R/W
CTRL.
SLAVE ADDRESS[6:0]
1
0
0
0
0
0
x
x
MSB = 1
SET BY 0 = W
PIN 22 1 = R
Figure 20. Slave Address Configuration
S
SLAVE ADDR, LSB = 0 (W) A(S) SUBADDR A(S) DATA A(S)
DATA A(S)
P
Figure 21. I2C Write Data Transfer
S
SLAVE ADDR, LSB = 0 (W) A(S) SUBADDR A(S)
S
SLAVE ADDR, LSB = 1 (R) A(S) DATA A(M)
DATA A(M) P
S = START BIT
P = STOP BIT
A(M) = NO ACKNOWLEDGE BY MASTER
A(S) = ACKNOWLEDGE BY SLAVE
A(M) = ACKNOWLEDGE BY MASTER
Figure 22. I2C Read Data Transfer
START BIT
STOP BIT
SLAVE ADDRESS
SUBADDRESS
DATA
SDA
SCK
A6
A5
A7
A0
D7
D0
S
P
WR
ACK
ACK
ACK
SLAVE ADDR[4:0]
SUBADDR[6:1]
DATA[6:1]
Figure 23. I2C Data Transfer Timing
tF
tSU;DAT
tHD;STA
tBUF
tR
SDA
SCK
tSU;STO
tR
tF
tLOW
tHIGH
tHD;STA
tSU;STA
S
S
P
S
tHD;DAT
Figure 24. I2C Interface Timing Diagram
Rev. A | Page 14 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
REGISTER MAP
Writing to register bits other than those clearly labeled is not recommended and may cause unintended results.
Table 7. Internal Register Map
Addr
R/W (Hex) (Hex)
Readback/Status
Default
Reg Name
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
FREQMEAS0
FREQMEAS1
FREQMEAS2
FREQ_RB1
FREQ_RB2
STATUSA
R
R
R
R
R
R
0x0
0x1
0x2
0x4
0x5
0x6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FREQ0[7:0] (RATE_FREQ[7:0])
FREQ1[7:0] (RATE_FREQ[15:8])
FREQ2[7:0] (RATE_FREQ[23:16])
VCOSEL[7:0]
FULLRATE
DIVRATE[3:0]
VCOSEL[9:8]
LOS
status
LOL
LOS done
Static LOL
RATE_
MEAS_
COMP
status
General Control
CTRLA
CTRLB
CTRLC
R/W 0x8
R/W 0x9
R/W 0xA
0x00
0x00
0x05
0
CDR_MODE[2:0]
0
Reset static
LOL
RATE_
MEAS_
EN
RATE_MEAS_
RESET
SOFTWARE_ INIT_
RESET
CDR
LOL config
LOS PDN
0
LOS polarity
0
0
1
FREQ_
ACQ
bypass
0
0
0
0
REFCLK_
PDN
0
FLL Control
LTR_MODE
D/PLL Control
DPLLA
R/W 0xF
0x00
0
LOL data
FREF_RANGE[1:0]
DATA_TO_REF_RATIO[3:0]
TRANBW[2:0]
R/W 0x10
R/W 0x13
0x1C
0x06
0
0
0
0
0
0
EDGE_SEL[1:0]
DPLLD
0
0
0
ADAPTIVE_
SLICE_EN
DLL_SLEW[1:0]
Phase
Slice
R/W 0x14
0x00
N/A
0
0
0
SAMPLE_PHASE[3:0]
W
0x15
Extended
slice
Slice[6:0]
LA_EQ
R/W 0x16
0x08
N/A
RX_
TERM_
FLOAT
INPUT_SEL[1:0]
ADAPTIVE_
EQ_EN
EQ_BOOST[3:0]
Slice
R
0x73
SLICE_RB[7:0]
Readback
Output Control
OUTPUTA
R/W 0x1E
R/W 0x1F
0x00
0xCC
0
0
Data
DATOUT_
CLKOUT_
DISABLE
DDR_
DISABLE
DATA_
POLARITY POLARITY
CLOCK_
squelch DISABLE
OUTPUTB
DATA_SWING[3:0]
CLOCK_SWING[3:0]
LOS Control
LOS_DATA
LOS_CTRL
R/W 0x36
R/W 0x74
0x00
0x00
LOS_DATA[7:0]
0
0
0
0
LOS_
WRITE
LOS_
LOS_
RESET
LOS_ADDRESS[2:0]
ENABLE
LOS_THRESH
PRBS Control
PRBS Gen 1
R/W 0x38
R/W 0x39
0x0A
0x00
LOS_THRESHOLD[7:0]
DATA_
CID_
BIT
DATA_
CID_
EN
0
DATA_
GEN_
EN
DATA_GEN_MODE[1:0]
PRBS Gen 2
PRBS Gen 3
PRBS Gen 4
PRBS Gen 5
PRBS Gen 6
PRBS Rec 1
R/W 0x3A
R/W 0x3B
R/W 0x3C
R/W 0x3D
R/W 0x3E
R/W 0x3F
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x00
DATA_CID_LENGTH[7:0]
PROG_DATA[7:0]
PROG_DATA[15:8]
PROG_DATA[23:16]
PROG_DATA[31:24]
DATA_
0
0
0
0
DATA_
DATA_RECEIVER_
MODE[1:0]
RECEIVER_ RECEIVER_
CLEAR
ENABLE
PRBS Rec 2
PRBS Rec 3
R
R
0x40
0x41
0x00
0x00
PRBS_ERROR_COUNT[7:0]
PRBS_ERROR
Rev. A | Page 15 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
Addr
Default
Reg Name
R/W (Hex) (Hex)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
PRBS Rec 4
PRBS Rec 5
PRBS Rec 6
PRBS Rec 7
ID/Revision
REV
R
0x42
0x43
0x44
0x45
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
DATA_LOADED[7:0]
DATA_LOADED[15:8]
DATA_LOADED[23:16]
DATA_LOADED[31:24]
R
R
R
R
R
0x48
0x49
0x54
0x15
Rev[7:0]
ID[7:0]
ID
Table 8. Status Register, STATUSA (Address 0x6)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
0 = no loss of signal
1 = loss of signal
0 = locked
1 = frequency acquisition mode
0 = LOS action not completed
1 = LOS action completed
0 = no LOL event since last reset
1 = LOL event since last reset; clear by CTRLA[2]
Rate measurement complete
D5
LOS status
D4
D3
D2
D0
LOL status
LOS done
Static LOL
RATE_MEAS_COMP
0 = frequency measurement incomplete
1 = frequency measurement complete; clear by CTRLA[0]
Table 9. Control Register, CTRLA (Address 0x8)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7
Reserved to 0.
D6:D4
CDR_MODE[2:0]
CDR modes.
000 = lock to data (LTD).
010 = lock to reference (LTR).
001, 011 = reserved.
Reserved to 0.
Set to 1 to clear static LOL.
Fine data rate measurement enable. Set to 1 to initiate a rate measurement.
Rate measurement reset. Set to 1 to clear a rate measurement.
D3
D2
D1
D0
Reset static LOL
RATE_MEAS_EN
RATE_MEAS_RESET
Table 10. Control Register, CTRLB (Address 0x9)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7
D6
SOFTWARE_RESET
INIT_FREQ_ACQ
Software reset. Write a 1 followed by a 0 to reset the part.
Initiate frequency acquisition. Write a 1 followed by a 0 to initiate a frequency acquisition
(optional).
D5
CDR bypass
LOL config
LOS PDN
CDR bypass.
0 = CDR enabled.
1 = CDR bypassed.
LOL configuration.
0 = normal LOL.
1 = static LOL.
LOS power-down.
0 = normal LOS.
D4
D3
1 = LOS powered down.
LOS polarity.
D2
LOS polarity
0 = active high LOS pin.
1 = active low LOS pin.
Reserved to 0.
D1:D0
Rev. A | Page 16 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
Table 11. Control Register, CTRLC (Address 0xA)
Bits
D7:D3
D2
Bit Name
Bit Description
Reserved to 0.
REFCLK_PDN
Reference clock power-down. Write a 0 to enable the reference clock.
D1
D0
Reserved to 0.
Reserved to 1.
Table 12. Lock to Reference Clock Mode Programming Register, LTR_MODE1 (Address 0xF)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7
Reserved to 0.
D6
LOL data
LOL data
0 = CLK vs. reference clock during tracking
1 = CLK vs. data during tracking
fREF range
00 = 11.05 MHz to 22.1 MHz
01 = 22.1 MHz to 44.2 MHz
10 = 44.2 MHz to 88.4 MHz
11 = 88.4 MHz to 176.8 MHz
Data to reference ratio
0000 = 1/2
D5:D4
D3:D0
FREF_RANGE[1:0]
DATA_TO_REF_RATIO
0001 = 1
0010 = 2
N = 2(n − 1)
1010 = 512
1 Where DIV_fREF is the divided down reference referred to the 11.05 MHz to 22.1 MHz band (see the Reference Clock (Optional) section).
Data Rate/2(LTR_MODE[3:0] − 1) = REFCLK/2LTR_MODE[5:4]
Table 13. D/PLL Control Register, DPLLA (Address 0x10)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7:D5
D4:D3
Reserved to 0.
EDGE_SEL[1:0]
Edge for phase detection. See the Edge Select section for further details.
00 = rising and falling edge data.
01 = rising edge data.
10 = falling edge data.
11 = rising and falling edge data.
D2:D0
TRANBW[2:0]
Transfer bandwidth. Scales transfer bandwidth. Default value is 4, resulting in the OC-192
default BW shown in Table 2. See the Transfer Bandwidth section for further details.
Transfer BW = Default BW × (TRANBW[2:0]/4)
Table 14. D/PLL Control Register, DPLLD (Address 0x13)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7:D3
D2
D1:D0
Reserved to 0.
ADAPTIVE_SLICE_EN
DLL_SLEW[1:0]
Adaptive slice enable.1 = enables automatic slice adjust.
DLL slew. Sets the BW of the DLL. See the DLL Slew section for further details.
Table 15. Phase Control Register, Phase (Address 0x14)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7:D4
D3:D0
Reserved to 0.
SAMPLE_PHASE[3:0]
Adjust the phase of the sampling instant for data rates above 5.65 Gbps in steps of 1/32 UI. This
register is in twos complement notation. See the Sample Phase Adjust section for further details.
Rev. A | Page 17 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
Table 16. Slice Level Control Register, Slice (Address 0x15)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7
Extended slice
Extended slice enable.
0 = normal slice mode.
1 = extended slice mode.
D6:D0
Slice[6:0]
Slice. Slice is a digital word that sets the input threshold. See the Slice Adjust section for further
details. When Slice[6:0] = 0000000, the slice function is disabled.
Table 17. Input Stage Programming Register, LA_EQ (Address 0x16)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7
RX_TERM_FLOAT
Rx termination float.
0 = termination common-mode driven.
1 = termination common-mode floated.
D6:D5
INPUT_SEL[1:0]
Input stage select.
00: limiting amplifier.
01: equalizer.
10: 0 dB buffer.
11: undefined.
D4
ADAPTIVE_EQ_EN
EQ_BOOST[3:0]
Enable adaptive EQ.
0 = manual EQ control.
1 = adaptive EQ enabled.
Equalizer gain. These bits set the EQ gain. See the Passive Equalizer section for further details.
D3:D0
Table 18. Output Control Register, OUTPUTA (Address 0x1E)
Bits
D7:D6
D5
Bit Name
Bit Description
Reserved to 0.
Squelch
Data squelch
0 = normal data
1 = squelch data
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DATOUT_DISABLE
CLKOUT_DISABLE
DDR_DISABLE
Data output disable
0 = data output enabled
1 = data output disabled
Clock output disable
0 = clock output enabled
1 = clock output disabled
Double data rate
0 = DDR clock enabled
1 = DDR clock disabled
Data polarity
DATA_POLARITY
CLOCK_POLARITY
0 = normal data polarity
1 = flip data polarity
Clock polarity
0 = normal clock polarity
1 = flip clock polarity
Rev. A | Page 18 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
Table 19. Output Swing Register, OUTPUTB (Address 0x1F)
Bits
Bit Name
Bit Description
D7:D4
DATA_SWING[3:0]
Adjust data output amplitude. Step size is approximately 50 mV differential.
Default register value is 0xC. Typical differential data output amplitudes are
0x1 = invalid.
0x2 = invalid.
0x3 = invalid.
0x4 = 200 mV.
0x5 = 250 mV.
0x6 = 300 mV.
0x7 = 345 mV.
0x8 = 390 mV.
0x9 = 440 mV.
0xA = 485 mV.
0xB = 530 mV.
0xC = 575 mV.
0xD = 610 mV.
0xE = 640 mV.
0xF = 655 mV.
D3:D0
CLOCK_SWING[3:0]
Adjust clock output amplitude. Step size is approximately 50 mV differential.
Default register value is 0xC. Typical differential clock output amplitudes are
0x1 = invalid.
0x2 = invalid.
0x3 = invalid.
0x4 = 200 mV.
0x5 = 250 mV.
0x6 = 300 mV.
0x7 = 345 mV.
0x8 = 390 mV.
0x9 = 440 mV.
0xA = 485 mV.
0xB = 530 mV.
0xC = 575 mV.
0xD = 610 mV.
0xE = 640 mV.
0xF = 655 mV.
Rev. A | Page 19 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADN2915 implements a clock and data recovery for data
rates between 6.5 Mbps and 11.3 Gbps. A front end is configurable
to either amplify or equalize the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) input
waveform to full-scale digital logic levels, or to bypass a full
digital logic signal.
frequency components of jitter. The initial frequency of the
DCO is set by a third loop that compares the DCO frequency
with the input data frequency. This third loop also sets the
decimation ratio of the digital downsampler.
The delay-locked and phase-locked loops together track the
phase of the input data. For example, when the clock lags the
input data, the phase detector drives the DCO to higher
frequency and decreases the delay of the clock through the
phase shifter; both of these actions serve to reduce the phase
error between the clock and data. Because the loop filter is an
integrator, the static phase error is driven to zero.
The user can choose among three input stages to process the
data: a high gain limiting amplifier with better than 10 mV
sensitivity, a high-pass passive equalizer with up to 10 dB of
boost at 5 GHz, or a bypass buffer with 600 mV sensitivity.
An on-chip loss of signal (LOS) detector works with the high
sensitivity limiting amplifier. The default threshold for the LOS is
the sensitivity of the part, with a maximum threshold level of
128 mV p-p. The limiting amplifier slice threshold can use a
factory trim setting, a user-defined threshold set by the I2C, or
an adjusted level for the best eye opening at the phase detector.
Another view of the circuit is that the phase shifter implements
the zero required for frequency compensation of a second-order
phase-locked loop, and this zero is placed in the feedback path
and, thus, does not appear in the closed-loop transfer function.
Because this circuit has no zero in the closed-loop transfer, jitter
peaking is eliminated.
When the input signal is corrupted due to FR-4 or other
impairments in the PCB traces, a passive equalizer can be one
of the signal integrity options. The equalizer high frequency
boost is configurable through the I2C registers, in place of the
factory default settings. A user-enabled adaptation is included
that automatically adjusts the equalizer to achieve the widest
eye opening. The equalizer can be manually set for any data
rate, but adaptation is available only at data rates greater than
5.5 Gbps.
The delay-locked and phase-locked loops, together, simultane-
ously provide wideband jitter accommodation and narrow-band
jitter filtering. The simplified block diagram in Figure 25 shows
that Z(s)/X(s) is a second-order low-pass jitter transfer function
that provides excellent filtering. The low frequency pole is
formed by dividing the gain of the PLL by the gain of the DLL,
where the upsampling and zero-order hold in the DLL has a gain
approaching N at the transfer bandwidth of the loop. Note that
the jitter transfer has no zero, unlike an ordinary second-order
phase-locked loop. This means that the main PLL loop has no
jitter peaking. This makes the circuit ideal for signal regenerator
applications, where jitter peaking in a cascade of regenerators
can contribute to hazardous jitter accumulation.
When a signal presents to the clock and data recovery (CDR), the
ADN2915 is a delay-locked and phase-locked loop circuit for
clock recovery and data retiming from an NRZ encoded data
stream. Input data is sampled by a high speed clock. A digital
downsampler accommodates data rates spanning three orders of
magnitude. Downsampled data is applied to a binary phase
detector.
The error transfer, e(s)/X(s), has the same high-pass form as an
ordinary phase-locked loop up to the slew rate limit of the DLL
with a binary phase detector. This transfer function is free to be
optimized to give excellent wideband jitter accommodation
because the jitter transfer function, Z(s)/X(s), provides the
narrow-band jitter filtering.
The phase of the input data signal is tracked by two separate feed-
back loops. A high speed delay-locked loop path cascades a
digital integrator with a digitally controlled phase shifter on
the digital control oscillator (DCO) clock to track the high
frequency components of jitter. A separate phase control loop
composed of a digital integrator and DCO tracks the low
PHASE-LOCKED LOOP (PLL)
BINARY
PHASE
DETECTOR
X(s)
Z(s)
K
× TRANBW
K
RECOVERED
CLOCK
PLL
DCO
s
INPUT
DATA
÷N
N
–1
I – z
DELAY-LOCKED LOOP (DLL)
–N
K
DLL
–1
I – z
PSH
N
–1
I – z
I – z
ZERO-ORDER HOLD
SAMPLE CLOCK
Z(s)
K
× TRANBW – K
DCO
PLL
X(s) s × N × PSH × K
=
+ K
PLL
× TRANBW × K
DCO
DLL
Figure 25. CDR Jitter Block Diagram
Rev. A | Page 20 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
The delay-locked and phase-locked loops contribute to overall
jitter accommodation. At low frequencies of input jitter on the
data signal, the integrator in the loop filter provides high gain to
track large jitter amplitudes with small phase error. In this case,
the oscillator is frequency modulated and jitter is tracked as in
an ordinary phase-locked loop. The amount of low frequency
jitter that can be tracked is a function of the DCO tuning range.
A wider tuning range gives larger accommodation of low fre-
quency jitter. The internal loop control word remains small for
small jitter frequency, so that the phase shifter remains close to
the center of its range and, thus, contributes little to the low
frequency jitter accommodation.
size of the DCO tuning range, therefore, has only a small effect
on the jitter accommodation. The delay-locked loop control range
is now larger; therefore, the phase shifter takes on the burden of
tracking the input jitter. An infinite range phase shifter is used
on the clock. Consequently, the minimum range of timing
mismatch between the clock at the data sampler and the retiming
clock at the output is limited to 32 UI by the depth of the FIFO.
There are two ways to acquire the data rate. The default mode
frequency locks to the input data, where a finite state machine
extracts frequency measurements from the data to program the
DCO and loop division ratio so that the sampling frequency
matches the data rate to within 250 ppm. The PLL is enabled,
driving this frequency difference to 0 ppm. The second mode is
lock to reference, in which case the user provides a reference
clock between 11.05 MHz and 176.8 MHz. Division ratios must
be written to a serial port register.
At medium jitter frequencies, the gain and tuning range of the
DCO are not large enough to track input jitter. In this case, the
DCO control word becomes large and saturates. As a result, the
DCO frequency dwells at an extreme of its tuning range. The
Rev. A | Page 21 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Accurate control of the slice threshold requires the user to read
back the factory trimmed offset, which is stored as a 7-bit
number in the I2C slice readback register (Register 0x73). Use
Table 20 to decode the measured offset of the part, where an
LSB corresponds to 0.24 mV.
FREQUENCY ACQUISITION
The ADN2915 acquires frequency from the data over a range of
data frequencies from 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps. The lock detector
circuit compares the frequency of the DCO and the frequency
of the incoming data. When these frequencies differ by more
than 1000 ppm, LOL is asserted and a new frequency acquisi-
tion cycle is initiated. The DCO frequency is reset to the bottom
of its range, and the internal division rate is set to its lowest
value of N = 1, which is the highest octave of data rates. The
frequency detector then compares this sampling rate frequency
to the data rate frequency and either increases N by a factor of 2
if the sampling rate frequency is found to be greater than the
data rate frequency, or increases the DCO frequency if the data
rate frequency is found to be greater than the data sampling
rate. Initially, the DCO frequency is incremented in large steps
to aid fast acquisition. As the DCO frequency approaches the
data frequency, the step size is reduced until the DCO frequency is
within 250 ppm of the data frequency, at which point LOL is
deasserted.
Table 20. Program Slice Level, Normal Slice Mode (Extended
Slice = 0)
Slice[6:0]
0000000
0000001
…
1000000
…
Decimal Value
Offset
0
1
…
64
…
127
Slice function disabled
−15 mV
…
0 mV
…
1111111
+14.75 mV
The amount of offset required for manual slice adjust is deter-
mined by subtracting the offset of the part from the desired
slice adjust level. Use Table 20 or Table 21 to determine the code
word to be written to the I2C slice register.
An extended slice with coarser granularity for each LSB step is
found in Table 21. Setting the extended slice bit (Bit 7) = 1 in
Register 0x15 scales the full-scale range of the slice adjust by a
factor of 6.
When LOL is deasserted, the frequency-locked loop is turned
off. The PLL or DLL pulls in the DCO frequency until the DCO
frequency equals the data frequency.
LIMITING AMPLIFIER
Table 21.Program Slice Level, Extended Slice Mode (Extended
Slice = 1)
The limiting amplifier has differential inputs (PIN and NIN)
that are each internally terminated with 50 Ω to an on-chip
voltage reference (VCM = 0.95 V typically). The inputs must be
ac-coupled. Input offset is factory trimmed to achieve better
than 10 mV p-p typical sensitivity with minimal drift. The
limiting amplifier can be driven differentially or single-ended.
DC coupling of the limiting amplifier is not possible because
the user needs to supply a common-mode voltage to exactly
match the internal common-mode voltage; otherwise, the
internal 50 Ω termination resistors absorb the difference in
common-mode voltages.
Slice[6:0]
0000000
0000001
…
Decimal Value
Offset
128
129
…
Slice function disabled
−100 mV
…
1000000
…
192
…
0 mV
…
1111111
255
+100 mV
When manual slice is desired, disable the dc offset loop, which
drives duty cycle distortion on the data to 0. Adaptive slice is
disabled by setting ADAPTIVE_SLICE_EN = 0 in the DPLLD
register (0x13).
Another reason the limiting amplifier cannot be dc-coupled is
that the factory trimmed input offset becomes invalid. The
offset is adjusted to zero by differential currents from the slice
adjust DAC (see Figure 1). With ac coupling, all of the current
goes to the 50 Ω termination resistors on the ADN2915. However,
with dc coupling, this current is shared with the external drive
circuit, and calibration of the offset is lost. In addition, the slice
adjust must have all the current from the slice adjust DAC go to
the resistors; otherwise, the calibration is lost (see the Slice
Adjust section).
EDGE SELECT
A binary or Alexander phase detector drives both the DLL and
PLL loops at all division rates. Duty cycle distortion on the
received data leads to a dead band in the phase detector transfer
function if phase errors are measured on both rising and falling
data transitions. This dead band leads to jitter generation of
unknown spectral composition whose peak-to-peak amplitude
is potentially large.
SLICE ADJUST
The recommended usage of the part when the dc offset loop is
disabled computes phase errors exclusively on either the rising
data edges with EDGE_SEL[1:0] (DPLLA[4:3]) = 1 (decimal) or
falling data edges with EDGE_SEL[1:0] = 2 in Register 0x10.
The alignment of the clock to the rising data edges with
EDGE_SEL[1:0] = 1 is represented by the top two curves in
The quantizer slicing level can be offset by 100 mV in 1.6 mV
steps or 15 mV in 0.24 mV steps to mitigate the effect of
amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise or duty cycle
distortion. Quantizer slice adjust level is set by the slice[6:0] bits
in I2C Register 0x15.
Rev. A | Page 22 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
Figure 26. Duty cycle distortion with Narrow 1s moves the
significant sampling instance where data is sampled to the right
of center. The alignment of the clock to the falling data edges
with EDGE_SEL[1:0] = 2 is represented by the first and third
curves in Figure 26. The significant sampling instance moves to
the left of center. Sample phase adjust for rates above 5.65 Gbps
can be used to move the significant sampling instance to the
center of the Narrow 1 (or Narrow 0) for best jitter tolerance.
Transfer Bandwidth
The transfer bandwidth can be adjusted over the I2C by writing to
TRANBW[2:0] in the DPLLA register (Register 0x10). The default
value is 4. When set to values below 4, the transfer bandwidth is
reduced, and when set to values above 4, the transfer bandwidth is
increased. The resulting transfer bandwidth is based on the
following formula:
TRANBW[2:0]
Transfer BW (Default Transfer BW )
DATA
4
EDGE_SEL[1:0]
CLK1
For example, at OC-192, the default transfer bandwidth is
2 MHz. The resulting transfer bandwidth when TRANBW[2:0]
is changed is
EDGE_SEL = 2
CLK2
TRANBW[2:0] = 1: transfer BW = 500 kHz
TRANBW[2:0] = 2: transfer BW = 1.0 MHz
TRANBW[2:0] = 3: transfer BW = 1.5 MHz
TRANBW[2:0] = 4: transfer BW = 2.0 MHz (default)
TRANBW[2:0] = 5: transfer BW = 2.5 MHz
TRANBW[2:0] = 6: transfer BW = 3.0 MHz
TRANBW[2:0] = 7: transfer BW = 3.5 MHz
Figure 26. Phase Detector Timing
DLL Slew
Jitter tolerance beyond the transfer bandwidth of the CDR is
determined by the slew rate of the delay-locked loop implement-
ing a delta modulator on phase. Setting DLL_SLEW[1:0] = 2,
the default value, in the DPLLD register (Register 0x13) config-
ures the DLL to track 0.75 UI p-p jitter at the highest frequency
breakpoint in the SONET/SDH jitter tolerance mask. This
frequency scales with the rate as fp4 = Rate (Hz)/2500 (for
example, 4 MHz for OC-192). Peak-to-peak tracking in UI at
fp4 obeys the expression (1 + DLL_SLEW)/4 UI p-p.
Reducing the transfer bandwidth is commonly used in OTN
applications. Never set TRANBW[2:0] = 0, because this makes
the CDR open loop. Also, note that setting TRANBW[2:0]
above 4 may cause a slight increase in jitter generation and
potential jitter peaking.
In some applications, full SONET/SDH jitter tolerance is not
needed. In this case, DPLLD[1:0] can be set to 0, giving lower jitter
generation on the recovered clock and better high frequency
jitter tolerance.
LOSS OF SIGNAL (LOS) DETECTOR
The receiver front-end LOS detector circuit detects when the
input signal level falls below a user-adjustable threshold.
There is typically 6 dB of electrical hysteresis on the LOS
detector to prevent chatter on the LOS pin. This means that, if the
input level drops below the programmed LOS threshold,
causing the LOS pin to assert, the LOS pin is not deasserted
until the input level has increased to 6 dB (2×) above the LOS
threshold (see Figure 27).
Sample Phase Adjust
The phase of the sampling instant can be adjusted over the I2C
when operating at data rates 5.65 Gbps or higher by writing to the
SAMPLE_PHASE[3:0] bits (Phase[3:0]) in Register 0x14. This
feature allows the user to adjust the sampling instant with the
intent of improving the BER and jitter tolerance. Although the
default sampling instant chosen by the CDR is sufficient in
most applications, when dealing with some degraded input
signals, the BER and jitter tolerance performance can be
improved by manually adjusting the phase.
LOS OUTPUT
INPUT LEVEL
HYSTERESIS
There is a total adjustment range of 0.5 UI, with 0.25 UI in each
direction, in increments of 1/32 UI. SAMPLE_PHASE[3:0] is a
twos complement number, and the relationship between data
and the sampling clock is shown in Figure 28.
LOS THRESHOLD
t
Figure 27. LOS Detector Hysteresis
DATA
PHASE = 4
PHASE = 7
PHASE = –4
PHASE = –8
CLOCK
PHASE = 0
(DEFAULT)
Figure 28. Data vs. Sampling Clock
Rev. A | Page 23 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
performance; however, the adaptive EQ finds the best setting in
most cases.
The LOS detector and the slice level adjust can be used simulta-
neously on the ADN2915. Therefore, any offset added to the
input signal by the slice adjust pins does not affect the LOS
detector measurement of the absolute input level.
Table 22 indicates a typical EQ setting for several trace lengths.
The values in Table 22 are based on measurements taken on a
test board with simple FR-4 traces. Table 23 lists the typical
maximum reach in inches of FR-4 of the EQ at several data
rates. If a real channel includes lossy connectors or vias, the
FR-4 reach length is lower. For any real-world system, it is
highly recommended to test several EQ settings with the real
channel to ensure best signal integrity.
LOS Power-Down
The LOS, by default, is enabled and consumes power. The LOS
is placed in a low power mode by setting the LOS PDN
(CTRLB[3]) = 1 in Register 0x9.
LOS Threshold
The LOS threshold has a range between 0 mV and 128 mV and
is set by writing the number of millivolts (mV) to the LOS_DATA
register (0x36) followed by toggling the LOS_ENABLE bit in
the LOS_CTRL register (Register 0x74) while LOS_ADDRESS
is set to 1. The following is a procedure for writing the LOS
threshold:
Table 22. EQ Settings vs. Trace Length on FR-4
Trace Length (inches)
Typical EQ Setting
6
10
15
20 to 30
10
12
14
15
1. Write 0x21 to LOS_CTRL (Register 0x74).
2. Write the desired threshold in millivolts to LOS_DATA
(Register 0x36).
Table 23. Typical EQ Reach on FR-4 vs. Maximum Data
Rates Supported
3. Write 0x31 to LOS_CTRL (Register 0x74).
4. Write 0x21 to LOS_CTRL (Register 0x74).
Maximum Data Rate
(Gbps)
Typical EQ Reach on FR-4
(inches)
4
8
10
11
30
20
15
10
The LOS threshold can be set to a value between 0 mV and
63 mV in 1 mV steps and 64 mV to 128 mV in 2 mV steps.
In the lower range, all of the bits are active, giving 1 mV/LSB
resolution, where Bit D0 is the LSB.
BYPASS
However, in the upper range, Bit D0 is disabled (that is, D0 = 0),
making Bit D1 the new LSB and resulting in 2 mV/LSB
resolution.
I2C Register LOS_CTRL contains the necessary address and
write enable bits to program this LOS threshold.
The bypass path connects the input signal directly to the digital
logic inside the ADN2915. This is useful at lower data rates
where the signal is large (therefore, the limiting amplifier is not
needed, and power can be saved by deselecting the limiting
amplifier) and unimpaired (therefore, the equalizer is not needed).
The signal swing of the internal digital circuit is 600 mV p-p
differential, the minimum signal amplitude that must be provided
as the input in bypass mode.
Signal Strength Measurement
The LOS measures and digitizes the peak-to-peak amplitude
of the received signal. A single shot measurement is taken by
writing the following sequence of bytes to LOS_CTRL at I2C
Address 0x74: 0x7, 0x17, 0x7. Upon LOS_ENABLE going low,
the peak-to-peak amplitude in millivolts is loaded into LOS_DATA
(Register 0x36). The contents of LOS_DATA change only when
LOS_ENABLE (LOS_CTRL[4]) in Register 0x74 is toggled low-
high-low while pointing to LOS_ADDRESS[2:0] (LOS_CTRL[2:0])
= 7.
In bypass mode, the internal 50 Ω termination resistors can be
configured in one of two ways, either floated or tied to VCC = 1.2 V
(see Figure 33 and Table 26). By setting the RX_TERM_FLOAT
bit (D7) in I2C Register LA_EQ (Register 0x16) to 1, these 50 Ω
termination resistors are floated internal to the ADN2915 (see
Figure 36). By setting RX_TERM_FLOAT bit (D7) to 0, these
50 Ω termination resistors are connected to VCC = 1.2 V (see
Figure 37). In both of these termination cases, the user must
ensure a valid common-mode voltage on the input.
PASSIVE EQUALIZER
A passive equalizer is available at the input to equalize large
signals that have undergone distortion due to PCB traces, vias,
and connectors. The adaptive EQ functions only at data rates
greater than 5.5 Gbps. Therefore, at rates less than 5.5 Gbps, the
EQ must be manually set.
In the case where the termination is floated, the two 50 Ω
resistors are purely a differential termination. The input must
conform to the range of signals shown in Figure 39.
In the case of termination to 1.2 V VCC power supply (see Figure 37
and Figure 38), the common-mode voltage is created by joint
enterprise between the driver circuit and the 50 Ω resistors on
the ADN2915. For example, the driver can be an open-drain
switched current (see Figure 37), and the 50 Ω resistors return
this current to VCC. In Figure 37, the common-mode voltage is
The equalizer can be manually set through Register LA_EQ
(Register 0x16). An adaptive loop is also available that
optimizes the EQ setting based on characteristics of the
received eye at the phase detector. If the channel is known in
advance, manual set the EQ setting to obtain the best
Rev. A | Page 24 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
created by both the current and the resistors. In this case, ensure
that the current is a minimum of 6 mA, which gives a single-
ended swing of 300 mV or a differential swing of 600 mV p-p
differential, with VCM = 1.05 V (see Figure 39). The maximum
current is 10 mA, which gives a single-ended 500 mV swing and
differential 1.0 V p-p, with VCM = 0.95 V (see Figure 40).
For more details, see the Reference Clock (Optional) section.
In this mode, the lock detector monitors the difference in fre-
quency between the divided down DCO and the divided down
reference clock. The loss of lock signal, which appears on LOL
(Pin 6), is deasserted when the DCO is within 250 ppm of the
desired frequency. This enables the D/PLL, which pulls in the
DCO frequency the remaining amount with respect to the input
data and acquires phase lock. When locked, if the frequency
error exceeds 1000 ppm (0.1%), the loss of lock signal is
reasserted and control returns to the frequency loop, which
reacquires with respect to the reference clock. The LOL pin
remains asserted until the DCO frequency is within 250 ppm of
the desired frequency. This hysteresis is shown in Figure 29.
Another possibility is to have the switched current driver back
terminated, as shown in Figure 38, and the two VCC supplies
having the same potential. In this example, the current is
returned to VCC by two 50 Ω resistors in parallel, or 25 Ω, so
that the minimum current is 12 mA and the maximum current
is 20 mA.
LOCK DETECTOR OPERATION
Static LOL Mode
The lock detector on the ADN2915 has three modes of opera-
tion: normal mode, LTR mode, and static LOL mode.
The ADN2915 implements a static LOL feature that indicates if
a loss of lock condition has ever occurred and remains asserted,
even if the ADN2915 regains lock, until the static LOL bit
(STATUSA[2]) in Register 0x6 is manually reset. If there is ever
an occurrence of a loss of lock condition, this bit is internally
asserted to logic high. The static LOL bit remains high even
after the ADN2915 has reacquired lock to a new data rate. This
bit can be reset by writing a 1, followed by 0, to the reset static
LOL bit (CTRLA[2]) in I2C Register 0x8. When reset, the static
LOL bit (STATUSA[2]) remains deasserted until another loss of
lock condition occurs.
Writing a 1 to Bit LOL config (CTRLB[4]) in I2C Register 0x9
causes the LOL pin, Pin 6, to become a static LOL indicator. In
this mode, the LOL pin mirrors the contents of the static LOL
bit (STATUSA[2]) in Register 0x6 and has the functionality
described previously. The LOL config bit (CTRLB[4]) defaults
to 0. In this mode, the LOL pin operates in the normal operat-
ing mode; that is, it is asserted only when the ADN2915 is in
acquisition mode and deasserts when the ADN2915 has
reacquired lock.
Normal Mode
In normal mode, the ADN2915 is a continuous rate CDR that
locks onto any data rate from 6.5 Mbps to 11.3 Gbps without
the use of a reference clock as an acquisition aid. In this mode,
the lock detector monitors the frequency difference between the
DCO and the input data frequency, and deasserts the loss of
lock signal, which appears on LOL, Pin 6, when the DCO is
within 250 ppm of the data frequency. This enables the digital
PLL (D/PLL), which pulls the DCO frequency in the remaining
amount and acquires phase lock. When locked, if the input
frequency error exceeds 1000 ppm (0.1%), the loss of lock signal
is reasserted and control returns to the frequency loop, which
begins a new frequency acquisition. The LOL pin remains
asserted until the DCO locks onto a valid input data stream to
within 250 ppm frequency error. This hysteresis is shown in
Figure 29.
LOL
1
HARMONIC DETECTOR
The ADN2915 provides a harmonic detector that detects whether
the input data has changed to a lower harmonic of the data rate
than the one that the sampling clock is currently locked onto. For
example, if the input data instantaneously changes from OC-12,
622.08 Mbps, to an OC-3, 155.52 Mbps bit stream, this can be
perceived as a valid OC-12 bit stream because the OC-3 data
pattern is exactly 4× slower than the OC-12 pattern. Therefore,
if the change in data rate is instantaneous, a 101 pattern at OC-3
is perceived by the ADN2915 as a 111100001111 pattern at OC-12.
If the change to a lower harmonic is instantaneous, a typical
inferior CDR may remain locked at the higher data rate.
–1000
–250
0
250
1000 fDCO ERROR
(ppm)
Figure 29. Transfer Function of LOL
LOL Detector Operation Using a Reference Clock
In this mode, a reference clock is used as an acquisition aid to
lock the ADN2915 DCO. Lock to reference mode is enabled by
setting CDR_MODE[2:0] to 2 in the CTRLA register (Register
0x8). The user must also write to FREF_RANGE[1:0] and
DATA_TO_REF_RATIO[3:0] in the LTR_MODE register
(Register 0xF) to set the reference frequency range and the
divide ratio of the data rate with respect to the reference
frequency. Finally, the reference clock power down to the
reference clock buffer must be deasserted by writing a 0 to I2C
Bit REFCLK_PDN in the CTRLC register (Register 0xA). To
maintain fastest acquisition, keep CTRLC[0] set to 1.
The ADN2915 implements a harmonic detector that automati-
cally identifies whether the input data has switched to a lower
harmonic of the data rate than the DCO is currently locked
onto. When a harmonic is identified, the LOL pin is asserted,
and a new frequency acquisition is initiated. The ADN2915
automatically locks onto the new data rate, and the LOL pin is
deasserted.
Rev. A | Page 25 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
The time to detect lock to harmonic is
peripheral. Logic 1 on the LSB of the first byte means that the
master reads information from the peripheral.
216 × (Td/ρ)
The ADN2915 acts as a standard slave device on the bus. The
data on the SDA pin is eight bits long, supporting the 7-bit
addresses plus the R/W bit. The ADN2915 has subaddresses to
enable the user-accessible internal registers (see Table 7).
where:
1/Td is the new data rate. For example, if the data rate is
switched from OC-12 to OC-3, then Td = 1/155.52 MHz.
ρ is the data transition density. Most coding schemes seek to
ensure that ρ = 0.5, for example, PRBS and 8B/10B.
The ADN2915, therefore, interprets the first byte as the device
address and the second byte as the starting subaddress. Auto-
increment mode is supported, allowing data to be read from or
written to the starting subaddress and each subsequent address
without manually addressing the subsequent subaddress. A data
transfer is always terminated by a stop condition. The user can
also access any unique subaddress register on a one-by-one
basis without updating all registers.
When the ADN2915 is placed in lock to reference mode, the
harmonic detector is disabled.
OUTPUT DISABLE AND SQUELCH
The ADN2915 has two types of output disable/squelch. The
DATOUTP/DATOUTN and CLKOUTP/CLKOUTN outputs
can be disabled by setting DATOUT_DISABLE (OUTPUTA[4])
and CLKOUT_DISABLE (OUTPUTA[3]) high, respectively, in
Register 0x1E. When an output is disabled, it is fully powered
down, saving approximately 30 mW per output. Disabling
DATOUTP/DATOUTN also disables the CLKOUTP/
Stop and start conditions can be detected at any stage of the
data transfer. If these conditions are asserted out of sequence
with normal read and write operations, they cause an immedi-
ate jump to the idle condition. During a given SCK high period,
issue one start condition, one stop condition, or a single stop
condition followed by a single start condition. If an invalid subad-
dress is issued by the user, the ADN2915 does not issue an
acknowledge and returns to the idle condition. If the user exceeds
the highest subaddress while reading back in auto-increment
mode, the highest subaddress register contents continue to be
output until the master device issues a no acknowledge. This
indicates the end of a read. In a no acknowledge condition, the
SDA line is not pulled low on the ninth pulse. See Figure 22 and
Figure 21 for sample read and write data transfers, respectively,
and Figure 23 for a more detailed timing diagram.
CLKOUTN output, saving a total of about 60 mW of power.
If it is desired to gate the data output while leaving the clock
on, the output data can be squelched by setting the data squelch
bit (OUTPUTA[5]) in Register 0x1E high. In this mode, the
data driver is left powered, but the data itself is forced to be
always 0 (or 1, depending on the setting of DATA_POLARITY
(OUTPUTA[1]) in Register 0x1E).
I2C INTERFACE
The ADN2915 supports a 2-wire, I2C-compatible, serial bus
driving multiple peripherals. Two inputs, serial data (SDA) and
serial clock (SCK), carry information between any devices con-
nected to the bus. Each slave device is recognized by a unique
address. The slave address consists of the seven MSBs of an
8-bit word. The upper six bits (Bits[6:1]) of the 7-bit slave
address are factory programmed to 100000. The LSB of the
slave address (Bit 0) is set by Pin 22, I2C_ADDR. The LSB of the
word sets either a read or write operation (see Figure 20). Logic 1
corresponds to a read operation, whereas Logic 0 corresponds
to a write operation.
REFERENCE CLOCK (OPTIONAL)
A reference clock is not required to perform clock and data
recovery with the ADN2915. However, support for an optional
reference clock is provided. The reference clock can be driven
differentially or single-ended. If the reference clock is not being
used, float both REFCLKP and REFCLKN.
Two 50 Ω series resistors present a differential load between
REFCLKP and REFCLKN. Common mode is internally set to
0.56 × VCC by a resistor divider between VCC and VEE. See
Figure 30, Figure 31, and Figure 32 for sample configurations.
To control the device on the bus, the following protocol must be
used. First, the master initiates a data transfer by establishing a
start condition, defined by a high-to-low transition on SDA
while SCK remains high. This indicates that an address/data
stream follows. All peripherals respond to the start condition and
shift the next eight bits (the 7-bit address and the R/W bit).
The bits are transferred from MSB to LSB. The peripheral that
recognizes the transmitted address responds by pulling the
data line low during the ninth clock pulse. This is known as an
acknowledge bit. All other devices withdraw from the bus at
this point and maintain an idle condition. The idle condition is
where the device monitors the SDA and SCK lines waiting for
the start condition and correct transmitted address. The R/W
bit determines the direction of the data. Logic 0 on the LSB of
the first byte means that the master writes information to the
The reference clock input buffer accepts any differential signal
with a peak-to-peak differential amplitude of greater than
100 mV. Phase noise and duty cycle of the reference clock are
not critical and 100 ppm accuracy is sufficient.
ADN2915
REFCLKP
24
BUFFER
REFCLKN
23
50Ω 50Ω
VCC/2
Figure 30. DC-Coupled, Differential REFCLKx Configuration
Rev. A | Page 26 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
VCC
ADN2915
Table 24. LTR_MODE Settings
LTR_MODE[5:4] Range (MHz) LTR_MODE[3:0] Ratio
REFCLKP
REFCLKN
CLK
OSC
24
OUT
00
01
10
11
11.05 to 22.1
22.1 to 44.2
44.2 to 88.4
88.4 to 176.8
0000
0001
n
2−1
20
2n − 1
29
BUFFER
23
50Ω 50Ω
VCC/2
1010
Figure 31. AC-Coupled, Single-Ended REFCLKx Configuration
The user can specify a fixed integer multiple of the reference clock
to lock onto using DATA_TO_REF_RATIO[3:0]
(LTR_MODE[3:0]) in Register 0xF. Set
ADN2915
REFCLKP
24
DATA_TO_REF_RATIO[3:0] = data rate ÷ DIV_fREF
REFCLK
BUFFER
REFCLKN
23
where DIV_fREF represents the divided-down reference referred
to the 11.05 MHz to 22.1 MHz band.
50Ω 50Ω
For example, if the reference clock frequency is 38.88 MHz and
the input data rate is 622.08 Mbps, then FREF_RANGE[1:0] is
set to 01 to give a divided-down reference clock of 19.44 MHz.
DATA_TO_REF_RATIO[3:0] is set to 0110, that is, 6, because
VCC/2
Figure 32. AC-Coupled, Differential REFCLKx Configuration
The reference clock can be used either as an acquisition aid for
the ADN2915 to lock onto data, or to measure the frequency
of the incoming data to within 0.01%. The modes are mutually
exclusive because, in the first use, the user can force the part to
lock onto only a known data rate; in the second use, the user
can measure an unknown data rate.
622.08 Mbps/19.44 MHz = 2(6 − 1)
While the ADN2915 is operating in lock to reference mode, if
the user changes the reference frequency, that is, the fREF range
(LTR_MODE[5:4]) or the fREF ratio (LTR_MODE[3:0]), this
must be followed by writing a 0-1-0 transition into the
INIT_FREQ_ACQ (CTRLB[6]) bit in Register 0x9 to initiate a
new lock to reference command.
Lock to reference mode is enabled by writing a 2 to CDR_
MODE[2:0] (CTRLA[6:4]) in Register 0x8. An on-chip clock
buffer must be powered on by writing a 0 to REFCLK_PDWN
(CTRLC[2]) in Register 0xA. Fine data rate readback mode is
enabled by writing a 1 to RATE_MEAS_EN (CTRLA[1]) in
Register 0x8. Enabling lock to reference and data rate readback
at the same time causes an indeterminate state and is not
supported.
By default in lock to reference clock mode, when lock has been
achieved and the ADN2915 is in tracking mode, the frequency
of the DCO is being compared to the frequency of the reference
clock. If this frequency error exceeds 1000 ppm, lock is lost, LOL is
asserted, and it relocks to the reference clock while continuing
to output a stable clock.
Using the Reference Clock to Lock onto Data
An alternative configuration is enabled by setting LOL data
(LTR_MODE[6]) = 1. In this configuration, when the part is in
tracking mode, the frequency of the DCO is being compared to
the frequency of the input data, rather than the frequency of the
reference clock. If this frequency error exceeds 1000 ppm, lock
is lost, LOL is asserted, and it relocks to the reference clock
while continuing to output a stable clock.
In this mode, the ADN2915 locks onto a frequency derived
from the reference clock according to the following equation:
Data Rate/2(LTR_MODE[3:0] − 1) = REFCLK/2LTR_MODE[5:4]
The user must know exactly what the data rate is and provide a
reference clock that is a function of this rate. The ADN2915 can
still be used as a continuous rate device in this configuration if
the user has the ability to provide a reference clock that has a
variable frequency (see the AN-632 Application Note).
Using the Reference Clock to Measure Data Frequency
The user can also provide a reference clock to measure the
recovered data frequency. In this case, the user provides a
reference clock, and the ADN2915 compares the frequency of
the incoming data to the incoming reference clock and returns a
ratio of the two frequencies to 0.01% (100 ppm). The accuracy
error of the reference clock is added to the accuracy of the
ADN2915 data rate measurement. For example, if a 100 ppm
accuracy reference clock is used, the total accuracy of the
measurement is 200 ppm.
The reference clock can be anywhere between 11.05 MHz and
176.8 MHz. By default, the ADN2915 expects a reference clock
of between 11.05 MHz and 22.1 MHz. If it is between 22.1 MHz
and 44.2 MHz, 44.2 MHz and 88.4 MHz, or 88.4 MHz and
176.8 MHz, the user must configure the ADN2915 to use the
correct reference frequency range by setting the two bits of
FREF_RANGE[1:0] (LTR_MODE[5:4]) in Register 0xF.
Rev. A | Page 27 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
The reference clock can range from 11.05 MHz and 176.8 MHz.
Prior to reading back the data rate using the reference clock, the
LTR_MODE[5:4] bits must be set to the appropriate frequency
range with respect to the reference clock being used according
to Table 24. A fine data rate readback is then executed as follows:
read back the new data rate. Note that a data rate readback is
valid only if the LOL pin is low. If LOL is high, the data rate
readback is invalid.
Initiating a frequency measurement by writing a 0-1-0 to
RATE_MEAS_RESET (CTRLA[0]) also resets the RATE_
MEAS_COMP (STATUSA[0]) bit. The approximate time to
complete a frequency measurement from RATE_MEAS_RESET
(CTLRA[0]) being written with a 0-1-0 transition to when the
RATE_MEAS_COMP (STATUSA[0]) bit returns high is given by
1. Apply the reference clock.
2. Write a 0 to REFCLK_PDN (CTRLC[2]) in Register 0xA to
enable the reference clock circuit.
3. Write to FREF_RANGE[1:0] (LTR_MODE[5:4]) in
Register 0xF to select the appropriate reference clock
frequency circuit.
4. Write a 1 to RATE_MEAS_EN (CTRLA[1]) in Register 0x8.
This enables the fine data rate measurement capability of the
ADN2915. This bit is level sensitive and does not need to be
reset to perform subsequent frequency measurements.
5. Write a 0-1-0 to RATE_MEAS_RESET (CTRLA[0]) in
Register 0x8. This initiates a new data rate measurement.
6. Read back RATE_MEAS_COMP (STATUSA[0]) in Register
0x6. If it is 0, the measurement is not complete. If it is 1, the
measurement is complete and the data rate can be read
back on RATE_FREQ[23:0] and FREQ_RB2[6:2] (see
Table 7). The approximate time for a data rate
211 ×2LTR[5:4]
MeasurementTime =
(2)
fREFCLK
LOS Configuration
The LOS detector output, LOS (Pin 5), can be configured to
be either active high or active low. If LOS polarity (CTRLB[2])
in Register 0x9 is set to Logic 0 (default), the LOS pin is active
high when a loss of signal condition is detected.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AVAILABLE VIA THE I2C
INTERFACE
Coarse Data Rate Readback
The data rate can be read back over the I2C interface to approx-
imately 5% without needing an external reference clock
according to the following formula:
measurement is given in Equation 2.
Use the following equation to determine the data rate:
fDCO
(
RATE _ FREQ
[
23:0
]
× fREFCLK
)
Data =
(1)
fDATARATE
=
(1)
2FULLRATE × 2DIVRATE
2LTR[5:4] × 27 × 2FULLRATE × 2DIVRATE
where
where:
DATARATE is the data rate (Mbps).
FREQ[23:0] is from FREQ2[7:0] (most significant byte),
FREQ1[7:0], and FREQ0[7:0] (least significant byte). See Table 7.
REFCLK is the reference clock frequency (MHz).
FULLRATE = FREQ_RB2[6].
DIVRATE = FREQ_RB2[5:2].
f
fDCO is the frequency of the DCO, derived as shown in Table 25:
f
Four oscillator cores defined by VCOSEL[9:8] (FREQ_RB2[1:0])
in Register 0x5 span the highest octave of data rates according
to Table 25.
FULLRATE = FREQ_RB2[6].
DIVRATE = FREQ_RB2[5:2].
MSB
LSB
Table 25. DCO Center Frequency vs. VCOSEL[9:8]
(FREQ_RB2[1:0])
D23 to D16
D15 to D8
FREQ1[7:0]
D7 to D0
FREQ0[7:0]
FREQ2[7:0]
Min Frequency
Consider the example of a 1.25 Gbps (GbE) input signal and a
reference clock source of 32 MHz at the PIN/NIN and REFCLKP/
REFCLKN ports, respectively. In this case, FREF_RANGE[1:0]
(LTR_MODE[5:4]) = 01 and the reference frequency falls into
the range of 22.1 MHz to 44.2 MHz. After following Step 1
through Step 6, the readback value of RATE_FREQ[23:0] is
0x13880, which is equal to 8 × 104. The readback value of
FULLRATE (FREQ_RB2[6]) is 1, and the readback value of
DIVRATE[3:0] (FREQ_RB2[5:2]) is 2. Plugging these values into
Equation 1 yields
Core =
(FREQ_RB2[1:0]) Min_f(core)
(MHz) =
Max Frequency
(MHz) = Max_f(core)
0
1
2
3
5570
7000
8610
10,265
7105
8685
10,330
11,625
f
DCO is determined from FREQ_RB1 and FREQ_RB2[1:0],
according to the following formula:
fDCO
=
((8 × 104) × (32 × 106))/(21 × 27 × 21 × 22) = 1.25 Gbps
Max _ f (core) − Min _ f (core)
Min _ f (core) +
× FREQ _ RB1
256
If subsequent frequency measurements are required, keep
RATE_MEAS_EN (CTRLA[1]) set to 1. It does not need to be
reset. The measurement process is reset by writing a 1 followed
by a 0 to RATE_MEAS_RESET (CTRLA[0]). This initiates a
new data rate measurement. Follow Step 2 through Step 6 to
Rev. A | Page 28 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
of CIDs is 8 × DATA_CID_LENGTH, which is set via
PRBS Gen 2[7:0] in Register 0x3A.
Worked Example
Read back the contents of the FREQ_RB1 and FREQ_RB2
registers. For example, with an OC-192 signal presented to
PIN/NIN ports,
Table 26. PRBS Settings
PRBS Patterns
DATA_GEN_MODE[1:0] PRBS Polynomial
PRBS7
PRBS15
PRBS31
PROG_DATA[31:0] 0x11
0x00
0x01
0x10
1 + X6 + X7
1 + X14 + X15
1 + X28 + X31
N/A
FREQ_RB1 = 0xCE
FREQ_RB2 = 0x02
FULLRATE (FREQ_RB2[6]) = 0
DIVRATE (FREQ_RB2[5:2]) = 0
core (FREQ_RB2[1:0]) = 2
Double Data Rate Mode
Then
The default output clock mode is a double data rate (DDR)
clock, where the output clock frequency is ½ the data rate.
This allows direct interfacing to FPGAs that support clocking
on both rising and falling edges. Setting DDR_DISABLE
(OUTPUTA[2]) = 1 in Register 0x1E enables full data rate
mode. Full data rate mode is not supported for data rates in
the highest octave between 5.6 Gbps and 11.3 Gbps.
fDCO
=
10300Mbps −8610Mbps
8610Mbps +
× 206 = 9994.06Mbps
256
and
9994.06Mbps
fdata
=
= 9.99406Gbps
CDR Bypass Mode
20 × 20
The CDR in the ADN2915 can be bypassed by setting the CDR
bypass bit (CTRLB[5]) = 1. In this mode, the ADN2915 feeds the
input directly through the input amplifiers to the output buffer,
completely bypassing the CDR. The CDR bypass path is
intended for use in testing or debugging a system. Use the CDR
bypass path at data rates at or below 3.0 Gbps only.
Initiate Frequency Acquisition
A frequency acquisition can be initiated by writing a 1 followed
by a 0 to INIT_FREQ_ACQ (CTRLB[6]) in I2C Register 0x9.
This initiates a new frequency acquisition while keeping the
ADN2915 in the operating mode that was previously
programmed in the CTRLA, CTRLB, and CTRLC registers.
Disable Output Buffers
PRBS Generator/Receiver
The ADN2915 provides the option of disabling the output buffers
for power savings. The clock output buffer can be disabled by
setting Bit CLKOUT_DISABLE (OUTPUTA[3]) = 1. This
reduces the total output power by 30 mW. For a total of 60 mW
of power savings, such as in a low power standby mode, both the
CLKOUT and DATOUT buffers can be disabled together by
setting Bit DATOUT_DISABLE (OUTPUTA[4]) = 1.
The ADN2915 has an integrated PRBS generator and detector
for system testing purposes. The devices are configurable as
either a PRBS detector or a PRBS generator.
The following steps configure the PRBS detector:
1. Set DATA_RECEIVER_ENABLE (PRBS Rec 1[2]) to 1 while
also setting DATA_RECEIVER_MODE[1:0] (PRBS Rec 1[1:0])
according to the desired PRBS pattern (0: PRBS7; 1: PRBS15;
2: PRBS31). Setting DATA_RECEIVER_MODE[1:0] to 3
leads to a one-shot sampling of recovered data into
DATA_LOADED[15:0].
2. Set DATA_RECEIVER_CLEAR (PRBS Rec 1[3]) to 1 followed
by 0 to clear PRBS_ERROR and PRBS_ERROR_COUNT.
3. States of PRBS_ERROR (PRBS Rec 3[1]) and PRBS_
ERROR_COUNT[7:0] (PRBS Rec 2[7:0]) can be frozen by
setting DATA_RECEIVER_ENABLE (PRBS Rec 1[2]) to 0.
Transmission Lines
Use of 50 Ω transmission lines is required for all high frequency
input and output signals to minimize reflections: PIN, NIN,
CLKOUTP, CLKOUTN, DATOUTP, and DATOUTN (also
REFCLKP and REFCLKN, if using a high frequency reference
clock, such as 155 MHz). It is also necessary for the PIN and NIN
input traces to be matched in length, and the CLKOUTP,
CLKOUTN, DATOUTP, an d DATOUTN output traces to be
matched in length to avoid skew between the differential traces.
The following steps configure the PRBS generator:
The high speed inputs (PIN and NIN) are each internally termi-
nated with 50 Ω to an internal reference voltage (see Figure 33).
As with any high speed, mixed-signal circuit, take care to keep
all high speed digital traces away from sensitive analog nodes.
1. Set DATA_GEN_EN (PRBS Gen 1[2]) = 1 to enable the
PRBS generator while also setting DATA_GEN_MODE[1:0]
(PRBS Gen 1[1:0]) for a desired PRBS output pattern (0:
PRBS7; 1: PRBS15; 2: PRBS31). An arbitrary 32-bit pattern
stored as PROG_DATA[31:0] is activated by setting
The high speed outputs (DATOUTP, DATOUTN, CLKOUTP, and
CLKOUTN) are internally terminated with 50 Ω to VCC.
DATA_GEN_MODE[1:0] to 3.
2. Strings of consecutive identical digits of sensed DATA_CID_
BIT (PRBS Gen 1[5]) can be introduced in the generator
with DATA_CID_EN (PRBS Gen 1[4]) set to 1. The length
Rev. A | Page 29 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
Soldering Guidelines for Lead Frame Chip Scale Package
of following input modes: limiting amplifier, equalizer, or
bypass. It is easy to set the ADN2915 to use any required input
configuration through the I2C bus. Figure 33 shows a block
diagram of the input stage circuit.
The lands on the 24-lead LFCSP are rectangular. The printed
circuit board pad for these is 0.1 mm longer than the package
land length, and 0.05 mm wider than the package land width.
Center the land on the pad to ensure that the solder joint size is
maximized. The bottom of the lead frame chip scale package has a
central exposed pad. The pad on the printed circuit board must
be at least as large as this exposed pad. The user must connect
the exposed pad to VEE using plugged vias to prevent solder
from leaking through the vias during reflow. This ensures a
solid connection from the exposed pad to VEE.
LOS
DETECT
LOS
LA
PIN
NIN
2
It is highly recommended to include as many vias as possible
when connecting the exposed pad to VEE. This minimizes the
thermal resistance between the die and VEE, and minimizes the
die temperature. It is recommended that the vias be connected
to a VEE plane, or planes, rather than a signal trace, to improve
heat dissipation as shown in Figure 34.
BYPASS
EQ
2.9kΩ
2.9kΩ 50Ω
50Ω
INPUT_SEL[1:0]
RX_TERM_FLOAT
V
CC
V
REF
FLOAT
Placing an external VEE plane on the backside of the board
opposite the ADN2915 provides an additional benefit because
this allows easier heat dissipation into the ambient environment.
Figure 33. Input Stage Block Diagram
A correct input signal pass is configurable with the INPUT_
SEL[1:0] bits (LA_EQ[6:5]) in Register 0x16. Table 27 shows the
INPUT_SEL[1:0] bits and the input signal configuration.
INPUT CONFIGURATIONS
The ADN2915 input stage can work with the signal source in
either ac-coupled or dc-coupled configuration. To best fit in a
required applications environment, the ADN2915 supports one
Table 27. Input Signal Configuration
Selected Input
Limiting Amplifier
Equalizer
Bypass (0 dB Buffer)
Not Defined
INPUT_SEL[1:0]
RX_TERM_FLOAT = 0
RX_TERM_FLOAT = 1
Not defined
Not defined
Float
00
01
10
11
VREF
VREF
VCC
Not defined
Not defined
Figure 34. Connecting Vias to VEE
Rev. A | Page 30 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
Therefore,
τ = 12t
Choosing AC Coupling Capacitors
AC coupling capacitors at the inputs (PIN, NIN) and outputs
(DATOUTP, DATOUTN) of the ADN2915 must be chosen
such that the device works properly over the full range of data
rates used in the application. When choosing the capacitors, the
time constant formed with the two 50 Ω resistors in the signal
path must be considered. When a large number of consecutive
identical digits (CIDs) are applied, the capacitor voltage can
droop due to baseline wander (see Figure 35), causing pattern
dependent jitter (PDJ).
where:
τ is the RC time constant (C is the ac coupling capacitor, R = 100 Ω
seen by C).
t is the total discharge time
t = nΤ
where:
n is the number of CIDs.
T is the bit period.
The user must determine how much droop is tolerable and choose
an ac coupling capacitor based on that amount of droop. The
amount of PDJ can then be approximated based on the capaci-
tor selection. The actual capacitor value selection may require
some trade-offs between droop and PDJ.
Calculate the capacitor value by combining the equations for τ
and t.
C = 12nT/R
When the capacitor value is selected, the PDJ can be
approximated as
For example, assuming that 2% droop is tolerable, the
maximum differential droop is 4%.
PDJps p-p = 0.5tr(1 − e(−nT/RC)/0.6
Normalizing to V p-p,
where:
Droop = Δ V = 0.04 V = 0.5 V p-p (1 − e–t/τ
)
PDJps p-p is the amount of pattern dependent jitter allowed,
<0.01 UI p-p typical.
tr is the rise time, which is equal to 0.22/BW; BW ≈ 0.7 (bit
rate).
Note that this expression for tr is accurate only for the inputs.
The output rise time for the ADN2915 is ~30 ps regardless of
data rate.
VCC
ADN2915
V1
V2
PIN
50Ω
DATAOUTP
2
C
CDR
TIA
OUT
C
V
REF
IN
50Ω
NIN
DATAOUTN
V1b
V2b
1
2
3
4
V1
V1b
V2
VREF
VTH
V2b
VDIFF
VDIFF = V2 – V2b
VTH = ADN2915 QUANTIZER THRESHOLD
NOTES
1. DURING THE DATA PATTERNS WITH HIGH TRANSITION DENSITY, DIFFERENTIAL DC VOLTAGE AT V1 AND V2 IS ZERO.
2. WHEN THE TIA OUTPUTS CONSECUTIVE IDENTICAL DIGITS, V1 AND V1b ARE DRIVEN TO DIFFERENT DC LEVELS. V2 AND V2b DISCHARGE TO
THE V
LEVEL, WHICH EFFECTIVELY INTRODUCES A DIFFERENTIAL DC OFFSET ACROSS THE AC COUPLING CAPACITORS.
REF
3. WHEN THE BURST OF DATA STARTS AGAIN, THE DIFFERENTIAL DC OFFSET ACROSS THE AC COUPLING CAPACITORS IS APPLIED TO THE
INPUT LEVELS, CAUSING A DC SHIFT IN THE DIFFERENTIAL INPUT. THIS SHIFT IS LARGE ENOUGH SUCH THAT ONE OF THE STATES, EITHER
HIGH OR LOW, DEPENDING ON THE LEVELS OF V1 AND V1b WHEN THE TIA WENT TO CID, IS CANCELLED OUT. THE QUANTIZER DOES NOT
RECOGNIZE THIS AS A VALID STATE.
4. THE DC OFFSET SLOWLY DISCHARGES UNTIL THE DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE EXCEEDS THE SENSITIVITY OF THE ADN2915. THE
QUANTIZER RECOGNIZES BOTH HIGH AND LOW STATES AT THIS POINT.
Figure 35. Example of Baseline Wander
Rev. A | Page 31 of 36
ADN2915
Data Sheet
VCC
DC-COUPLED APPLICATION
ADN2915
The inputs to the ADN2915 can also be dc-coupled. This can be
necessary in burst mode applications with long periods of CIDs
and where baseline wander cannot be tolerated. If the inputs to
the ADN2915 are dc-coupled, care must be taken not to violate
the input range and common-mode level requirements of the
ADN2915 (see Figure 39 or Figure 40). If dc coupling is required,
and the output levels of the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) do
not adhere to the levels shown in Figure 39 or Figure 40, level
shifting and/or attenuation must occur between the TIA outputs
and the ADN2915 inputs.
50Ω
50Ω
PIN
NIN
50Ω
50Ω
50Ω
VCC
I
Figure 38. DC-Coupled Application, Bypass Input (Back Terminated Mode)
ADN2915
VCC
PIN
1.2V
0.8V
TIA
50Ω
NIN
600mV p-p,
DIFF
V
= 1.05V
CM
50Ω
INPUT (V)
= 0.65V
50Ω
600mV p-p,
DIFF
V
CM
0.9V
0.5V
Figure 36. DC-Coupled Application, Bypass Input (Rx Term Float Mode)
Figure 37 shows the default dc-coupled situation when using
the bypass input. The two terms are connected directly to VCC
in a normal CML fashion, giving a common mode that is set by
the dc signal strength from the driving chip. The bypass input
has a high common-mode range and can tolerate VCM up to and
including VCC.
Figure 39. Minimum Allowed DC-Coupled Input Levels
1.2V
ADN2915
1.0V
1.0V p-p,
DIFF
V
= 0.95V
CM
PIN
INPUT (V)
= 0.75V
1.0V p-p,
DIFF
V
CM
50Ω
0.7V
NIN
0.5V
50Ω
50Ω
VCC
I
Figure 40. Maximum Allowed DC-Coupled Input Levels
Figure 37. DC-Coupled Application, Bypass Input (Normal Mode)
Rev. A | Page 32 of 36
Data Sheet
ADN2915
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
4.10
4.00 SQ
3.90
0.30
0.25
0.18
PIN 1
INDICATOR
PIN 1
INDICATOR
24
19
0.50
BSC
18
1
EXPOSED
PAD
2.65
2.50 SQ
2.45
13
6
12
7
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.25 MIN
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
0.80
0.75
0.70
FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
COPLANARITY
0.08
SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
SEATING
PLANE
0.20 REF
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-WGGD.
Figure 41. 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
4 mm × 4 mm Body and 0.75 mm Package Height
(CP-24-7)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model1
Temperature Range
Package Description
Package Option
Ordering Qty
ADN2915ACPZ
EVALZ-ADN2915
−40°C to +85°C
24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
Evaluation Board
CP-24-7
490
1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
Rev. A | Page 33 of 36
ADN2915
NOTES
Data Sheet
Rev. A | Page 34 of 36
Data Sheet
NOTES
ADN2915
Rev. A | Page 35 of 36
ADN2915
NOTES
Data Sheet
I2C refers to a communications protocol originally developed by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors).
©2013–2016 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D08413-0-1/16(A)
Rev. A | Page 36 of 36
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