AB-178 [ETC]
AB-178 - CDAC ARCHITECTURE PLUS RESISTOR DIVIDER GIVES ADC574 PINOUT WITH SAMPLING. LOW POWER. NEW INPUT RANGES ; AB - 178 - 华助会架构PLUS电阻分压器给出了采样ADC574引脚。低功耗。新的输入范围\n
| 型号： | AB-178 |
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| 描述： | AB-178 - CDAC ARCHITECTURE PLUS RESISTOR DIVIDER GIVES ADC574 PINOUT WITH SAMPLING. LOW POWER. NEW INPUT RANGES
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®
AP P LICATION BULLETIN
Mailing Address: PO Box 11400 • Tucson, AZ 85734 • Street Address: 6730 S. Tucson Blvd. • Tucson, AZ 85706
Tel: (602) 746-1111 • Twx: 910-952-111 • Telex: 066-6491 • FAX (602) 889-1510 • Immediate Product Info: (800) 548-6132
CDAC ARCHITECTURE PLUS RESISTOR DIVIDER GIVES ADC574
PINOUT WITH SAMPLING, LOW POWER, NEW INPUT RANGES
George Hill (602) 746-7283
Modern successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter
ICs are replacing older current-mode D/A structures with
capacitor arrays, called CDACs (for Capacitor D/A). This
change makes it easier to combine the analog components of
the converter with the digital elements in standard CMOS
structures. Additionally, the capacitor input structure adds
inherent sampling to the A/D, at a time when more and more
A/D applications are involved in signal processing.
These three pins allow the selection of four different analog
input ranges: 0V to +10V, 0V to +20V, ±5V, and ±10V. The
simplicity of this circuit takes advantage of the virtual
ground at the negative input to the comparator at the end of
the successive approximation process, when the negative
input to the comparator is very close to 0V.
The internal current D/A in the ADC574 has a unipolar
output of 0mA to –2mA, so that it can balance out the 0mA
to 2mA generated by full scale analog inputs (20V across
10kΩ or 10V across 5kΩ.) By grounding pin 12, a unipolar
0V to 20V input range is achieved by driving pin 14 and
leaving pin 13 unconnected. Reversing pins 13 and 14 sets
up the ADC574 for a 0V to 10V input range.
This application note compares basic current-mode succes-
sive approximation A/Ds with CDAC-based architectures,
and shows how adding a resistor divider network to the
CDAC input permits the Burr-Brown ADS574 and ADS774
to fit existing ADC574 sockets. It then goes on to describe
some new analog input voltage ranges available on these
parts due to the resistor network and CDAC approach.
Connecting pin 12 to the 10V, reference provided on an
ADC574 injects an offset that allows pins 13 or 14 to handle
bipolar input ranges of ±5V or ±10V, respectively. The
current injected by the reference at pin 12 adds to the input
current generated by the analog input signal to insure that the
unipolar current flow from the internal current D/A need
only be unipolar.
The ADS574 and ADS774 plug into ADC574/674/774 sock-
ets and handle all of their standard input ranges (0V to 10V,
±5V, ±10V, and 0V to 20V), as discussed in their full data
sheets. They can operate from standard ±15V and +5V
supplies, or from a single +5V supply. The input divider
structure makes it possible to take advantage of this +5V
supply operation to build complete data acquisition systems
that run from a single +5V supply, with several different
input ranges pin-selectable.
During conversion, the analog signal conditioning in a
system must hold the input stable (using a sample/hold
amplifier or processing slow signals such as thermocouples.)
The successive approximation logic tests the current D/A in
various settings until the current sinked into the D/A bal-
ances the current generated by the analog input signal (plus
the current from the Bipolar Offset resistor in bipolar ranges)
to within ±1/2 LSB.
TRADITIONAL ADC574 INPUT STRUCTURE
Let’s start by taking a look at the input ranges on the
traditional ADC574, the most widely used 12-bit A/D in the
world. Figure 1 shows the standard input divider network
and comparator/current D/A structure used to implement the
front end of this successive approximation A/D.
SC
Bipolar Offset
Pin 12
R1
Comparator
10kΩ
4C
S
2C
C
Comparator
S1
G
S2
G
S3
G
R2
R3
20V Range
Pin 14
R
R
Analog
Input
R
5kΩ
5kΩ
10V Range
Pin 13
+
12-Bit
0 to –2mA
D/A
Reference
Converter
FIGURE 2. Simplified 3-bit Switched Capacitor Array A/D.
FIGURE 1. Traditional ADC574 Input Structure.
©1991 Burr-Brown Corporation
AN-178
Printed in U.S.A. September, 1991
BASIC SWITCHED CAPACITOR ARRAY A/D
standard ADC574 input ranges using the same three pins,
and also scale the voltage at the MSB capacitor to the 0V to
3.33V range. The on-chip laser-trimmed nichrome input
resistors solve the problem of handling 20V analog signals,
unipolar or bipolar, in a converter using a single +5V supply
and ground as its rails.
By comparison, Figure 2 shows a typical input structure for
a switched capacitor array used to implement a successive
approximation A/D in CMOS. For simplification, a 3-bit
converter is shown in Figure 2. When not converting, switch
S1 (to the MSB capacitor) is in the “S” position so that the
charge on the MSB capacitor is proportional to the voltage
level of the analog input signal. Switches S2 and S3 are in the
“G” position, and switch SC is closed, setting the comparator
input offset to zero. A convert command opens switches S1
and SC, to trap a charge on the MSB capacitor and to float
the comparator input. During the conversion, switches S1, S2
and S3 are successively tested in various “R” and “G”
positions to find the combination that sets the comparator
input closest to 0V, thus balancing the charge.
The 5V supply means that the ADS574 does not provide a
10V reference, but instead provides a 2.5V reference output.
The Bipolar Offset input, pin 12, had to be designed for this
2.5V reference, but also had to be designed to ensure that
standard ADC574 offset adjust trim circuits produce similar
trim results and range. This offset trim compatibility is the
primary role of the 10kΩ resistor R0 at pin 12.
For unipolar input ranges without offset trim circuits, stan-
dard ADC574s have pin 12 connected to analog common,
which the ADS574 emulates. In the standard ADC574, R1 in
Figure 1 is essentially out of the equation for the input
divider network as the comparator input approaches 0V
during the successive approximation process. In the ADS574,
R1 in Figure 3 always plays a significant role.
For our discussion, the critical condition occurs during the
sampling phase, when the analog charge proportional to the
analog input voltage is captured. The analog input is driving
a capacitor, effectively an extremely high impedance. This is
just the opposite of driving a virtual ground, which is where
the comparator input in traditional ADC574s is at the end of
the conversion process.
For the 0V to 20V unipolar input range on the ADS574, as
on the standard ADC574, pin 12 is grounded, pin 13 is left
open, and the analog input is applied to pin 14. Since the
input to the MSB capacitor on the ADS574 is very much
higher than the input resistors, only R1, R2, R3 and R4 in
Figure 3 determine the voltage at C for a given input voltage
at pin 14. (The 10kΩ R0 is grounded at both ends, and can
thus be ignored.)
ADS574 INPUT STRUCTURE
The desire to use a CDAC architecture to develop an A/D
that can drop into ADC574 sockets was a major design
challenge. Figure 3 shows the resistor divider network that
meshes the analog input ranges of the standard ADC574
with a CDAC to produce the ADS574, a single-supply,
sampling A/D that plugs into most existing ADC574 sockets
with no changes required to either hardware or software.
An analog input at pin 14 is divided by 6 at point C as
follows:
Equation 1
(R3 + R4) || R1
VC =
• VIN
R1
Bipolar Offset
Pin 12
R2 + [(R3 + R4) || R1]
17kΩ
R0
10kΩ
VC = 1/6 VIN
This matches a 0V to 20V input range at pin 14 to the 0V to
3.33V range required by the ADS574 internally.
R2
20V Range
Pin 14
C
In the unipolar 0V to 10V range, pin 12 is again connected
to ground, and pin 14 is unconnected. This case is simpler to
analyze, since neither R2 nor R4 have any effect on the
voltage at C. In this case, the analog input at pin 13 is
divided by 3 at point C.
MSB
Capacitor
(20pF)
68kΩ
R3
10V Range
Pin 13
The bipolar input ranges are also more complicated on the
ADS574 than on standard ADC574s. The ADS574 uses the
same external trimpots or fixed resistors already present in
ADC574 sockets for bipolar offset, but works with the
internal 2.5V reference.
34kΩ
R4
34kΩ
FIGURE 3. ADS574 Input Structure.
For the ±10V input range without external offset trim,
standard ADC574s have pin 12 connected to the +10V
reference (internal or external) through a 50Ω resistor. Pin
13 is again left unconnected, and the analog signal to be
The full-scale voltage range for the MSB input capacitor on
the ADS574 was designed to be 0V to +3.33V. This meant
that the input resistor divider network had to provide the
2
digitized is input at pin 14. The ADS574 uses the same input
connections. As above, the input to the MSB capacitor on
the ADS574 has very much higher impedance than the
resistor divider network. Thus, in Figure 3, R1, R2, R3, R4,
plus the reference voltage at pin 12, determine the voltage at
C for a given input voltage at pin 14 (assuming the reference
source impedance is much lower than R1 and R0).
of R1 + (R2 || (R3 + R4). Point C is at the internal full-scale
3.33V when 5V is input at pin 12, and is 0V when 0V is
input at pin 12. Using the ADS574 connected as shown in
Figure 4 would allow building a complete sampling A/D
system running off a single +5V supply, limited only by how
close other analog input circuitry can get to ground or the
supply.
An analog input voltage at pin 14 is divided and offset at
point C as follows:
Tests in the lab using the connections shown in Figure 4, and
the other circuits shown below where pin 12 is used as an
input, confirm the operation of these circuits, although with
slight degradation in linearity. The ADS574 in these modes
maintains 12-bit differential linearity, with No Missing Codes
at the 12-bit level, but integral linearity is at the 10- to 11-
bit level. The degradation from ideal performance has been
traced to a circuit design that was required to maximize
compatibility in existing ADC574 sockets. This circuit can
easily be modified to enhance performance in these input
ranges, if needed.
Equation 2
VIN –VC
R2
VC
VC –2.5
R1
=
+
R3 + R4
Solving for VC, the voltage at point C, in terms of VIN, the
voltage at pin 14, gives:
Equation 3
VC = 1/6 VIN + 1.67
R1
17kΩ
ADS574
50kΩ
Pin 12
For a –10V input at pin 14, point C is again 0V, and a +10V
input at pin 14 generates 3.33V at point C. The reference
input at pin 12 sources current when the analog input at pin
14 is less than 1.67V, and sinks current when it is greater
than 1.67V.
R0
10kΩ
0V to +5V
Input Signal
R2
68kΩ
VC
Pin 14
Pin 13
For the bipolar ±5V input range without offset trim, pin 12
is again connected to the reference (internal or external)
through a 50Ω resistor on both the traditional ADC574 and
the ADS574. In this case, pin 14 is left unconnected, so that
R2 has no effect on the voltage at point C. R4 also has no
effect. The voltage at point C is simply:
20pF
R3
34kΩ
NC(1)
68 || 68
17 + 68 || 68
34
51
VIN
R4
VC = VIN
•
34kΩ
Equation 4
VC = VIN
2
•
VC = 1/3 VIN + 1.67
VC
=
3
A –5V input at pin 13 generates 0V at point C, a 0V input
generates 1.67V (half-scale), and +5V generates 3.33V (full-
scale.)
NOTE: (1) No Connection.
FIGURE 4. Connections for 0V to +5V Input Range.
Some operational amplifiers capable of running off a single
+5V supply can swing closer to 0V than to the +5V supply.
Figure 5 shows how to configure the ADS574 for a 0V to
+3.33V input range to better utilize the dynamic range of
such amplifiers. By connecting pins 12, 13 and 14 all to the
input signal, there is no divider network between the input
and point C, so that the input voltage will also be the voltage
at point C. (Once again, this is based on the very high input
impedance of the 20pF MSB capacitor internal to the
ADS574.)
NEW INPUT RANGES
ALLOWED BY THE ADS574(1)
Because of the widespread use of the traditional ADC574,
there exists large amounts of software and digital interface
hardware built around this pinout. The ADS574 input struc-
ture lets this existing software and hardware be easily
applied in systems requiring different analog input ranges.
Since the ADS574 can operate from a single +5V supply,
perhaps the most interesting optional input range is 0V to
+5V. Figure 4 shows how to achieve this range. The analog
input signal is driven, through a fixed 50Ω resistor, into pin
12 (the Bipolar Offset pin), with pin 14 (the 20V Range
Input) grounded, and pin 13 (the 10V Range Input) uncon-
nected. The input signal at pin 12 is divided by the network
For bipolar signals in systems with supply voltages limited
to ±5V, the connections in Figure 6 can be used to handle a
±2.5V input signal. The analog input signal is applied to pin
12, with pin 14 left unconnected. Connecting pin 13 to the
NOTE:(1)AlloftheinputrangesdescribedherearealsoavailableontheADS774, since
theinputresistordividernetworkhasthesameratios. Theinputimpedancewillbelower,
but the ranges will be the same.
3
+5V supply offsets the voltage at point C generated by an
input signal at pin 12 so that the voltage range at point C is
again the 0V to 3.33V required internally. Obviously, any
ripple or variation on the +5V supply line will feed straight
through the divider network, and be converted by the
ADS574. For this approach to work, the +5V supply needs
to be stable enough to maintain the system accuracy re-
quired. If there is a stable +5V reference available in the
system, it could also be used to generate the bipolar offset,
and perhaps even power the ADS574, which consumes only
100mW maximum.
CMOS VS BiCMOS
It should be noted that the CDAC architecture used in the
ADS574 and ADS774 is not the only possible way to
implement a monolithic sampling A/D in the standard
ADC574 pinout. One alternative is the BiCMOS-based
Analog Devices AD1674. Analog Devices chose to stick
with the current-mode DAC for the A/D section of their
sampling ADC574 replacement, and to add a true sample/
hold amplifier to the front end of the converter. To accom-
plish this in a monolithic chip, they applied a BiCMOS
process. Burr-Brown chose to use standard CMOS process-
ing and a CDAC. The results of these two approaches are
compared with each other and with the standard ADC574
and ADC774 in Table I.
R1
17kΩ
ADS574
50Ω
Pin 12
Basically, the process chosen by Burr-Brown takes advan-
tage of the power savings offered by CMOS, and turns out
to allow new input ranges and the possibility of new data
acquisition applications using a single +5V supply for the
entire system. The only ADC574 compatibility concern is in
systems where either an external 10V reference drives the
A/D reference input, or where the internal 10V reference is
used elsewhere. The Analog Devices AD1674 maintains the
reference compatibility, but actually increases power con-
sumption to achieve this (and to build a traditional sample/
hold amplifier.)
R0
10kΩ
R2
68kΩ
Pin 14
Pin 13
VC
20pF
R3
34kΩ
R4
34kΩ
0V to +3.33V
Input Signal
VC = VIN
R1
17kΩ
ADS574
50Ω
Pin 12
FIGURE 5. Connections for 0V to +3.33V Input Range.
R0
10kΩ
±2.5V
Input Signal
For applications needing maximum integral linearity with a
0V to 5V input range, Figure 7 shows the optimal connec-
tions. This avoids the slight degradation of integral linearity
mentioned above when pin 12 is used as an input pin, but
sacrifices about 35% of the A/Ds output codes (the codes for
inputs from 5V to 7.778V.) Using a K-grade ADS574 in this
configuration will yield better than 11-bit resolution (2633
codes) and integral linearity from 0V to 5V, since it has
±1/2LSB integral linearly over the 0V to +7.778V input
range.
R2
68kΩ
Pin 14
Pin 13
VC
NC(1)
20pF
R3
34kΩ
+5V
R4
The ADS574 input structure was optimized for compatibil-
ity with ADC574 sockets, and was not designed or charac-
terized for these additional input ranges. However, the
simplicity of the input resistor divider network makes it
straight-forward to see how they work. For all of these
additional input ranges, the standard trim circuitry for gain
adjust (not discussed above but described in the ADS574
data sheet) can still be used to adjust full-scale range. To
trim offset error, it is probably advisable to trim elsewhere
in the system. In most systems, there will be an op amp in
front of the ADS574, and it should be simple to trim out the
system offset by adjusting the offset of this amplifier.
34kΩ
34
17
(17+34)
+ 5 •
VC = VIN
2
•
(17+34)
5
+
VC
=
VIN
3
3
NOTE: (1) No Connection.
FIGURE 6. Connections for ±2.5V Input Range.
4
R1
17kΩ
ADS574
Pin 12
R0
10kΩ
R2
68kΩ
Pin 14
VC
20pF
R3
34kΩ
Pin 13
0V to +7.778V
Input Range
17
17 + 34 || 68
17
R4
VC = VIN •
34kΩ
VC = VIN
•
2
3
17 +
VIN
(34)
3
7
VC
=
FIGURE 7. Connections for 0V to +7.778V Input Range.
ADC574
ADS574
ADC774
ADS774
AD1674
Standard Input Ranges
New Input Ranges
0V to 10V, ±5V,
0V to 20V, ±10V
0V to 10V, ±5V,
0V to 20V, ±10V
0V to 10V, ±5V,
0V to 20V, ±10V
0V to 10V, ±5V,
0V to 20V, ±10V
0V to 10V, ±5V
0V to 20V, ±10V
None
0V to 7.778V,
None
0V to 7.778V,
±2.5V(1), 0V to 5V(1)
0V to 3.33V(1)
None
±2.5V(1), 0V to 5V(1)
,
0V to 3.33V(1)
Typ Input Impedance: 10V Ranges
20V Ranges
5kΩ
10kΩ
21kΩ
84kΩ
5kΩ
10kΩ
12kΩ
50kΩ
5kΩ
10kΩ
Min Input Impedance: 10V Ranges
20V Ranges
4.7kΩ
9.4kΩ
15kΩ
60kΩ
4.7kΩ
9.4kΩ
8.5kΩ
35kΩ
3kΩ
6kΩ
Max LSBs Integral Non-Linearity
Error (J,K)
±1, ±1/2
±1, ±1/2
±1, ±1/2
±1, ±1/2
±1, ±1/2
No-Missing Codes Resolution
11-bits (Js)
N/A
12-bits
11-bits (Js)
N/A
12-bits
12-bits
Min Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion)
Ratio with 10kHz Input (J/K Grades)
68/70dB
68/70 dB
69/70 dB
Max Conversion Time Over Temperature
25µs
8.5µs
Max Acquisition and
25µs
8.5µs
10µs
Conversion Time Over Temperature
Reference Output/Input
Power Supplies Required
Max Power Dissipation
Packages Available
+10V
±12 to 15V, +5V
450mW
+2.5V
+5V
+10V
±12 to 15V, +5V
450mW
+2.5V
+5V
+10V
±12 to 15V, +5V
575mW
100mW
120mW
0.6" DIPs and
PLCC
0.6" and 0.3" DIPs,
SOIC, Die
0.6" DIPs and
PLCC
0.6" and 0.3" DIPs,
SOIC, Die
0.6" DIPs
Contact Factory
for Surface Mount
Able to Emulate ADC574 Timing
Able to Fully Control S/H Timing
Able to Operate From Single +5V Supply
Yes
N/A
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
N/A
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
NOTE: (1) With slightly degraded integral linearity, as described in the text.
TABLE I. Comparing Burr-Brown ADC574, ADC774, ADS574 and ADS774 with Analog Devices AD1674.
The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. BURR-BROWN assumes
no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user’s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change
without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does not authorize or warrant
any BURR-BROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems.
5
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