LT1962EMS8 [Linear]

300mA, Low Noise, Micropower LDO Regulators; 300mA,低噪声,微功率LDO稳压器
LT1962EMS8
型号: LT1962EMS8
厂家: Linear    Linear
描述:

300mA, Low Noise, Micropower LDO Regulators
300mA,低噪声,微功率LDO稳压器

线性稳压器IC 电源电路
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中文:  中文翻译
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Final Electrical Specifications  
LT1962 Series  
300mA, Low Noise,  
Micropower  
LDO Regulators  
April 2000  
U
FEATURES  
DESCRIPTIO  
The LT®1962 series are micropower, low noise, low  
dropout regulators. The devices are capable of supplying  
300mAofoutputcurrentwithadropoutvoltageof300mV.  
Designed for use in battery-powered systems, the low  
30µA quiescent current makes them an ideal choice.  
Quiescent current is well controlled; it does not rise in  
dropout as it does with many other regulators.  
Low Noise: 20µVRMS (10Hz to 100kHz)  
Output Current: 300mA  
Low Quiescent Current: 30µA  
Wide Input Voltage Range: 1.8V to 20V  
Low Dropout Voltage: 270mV  
Very Low Shutdown Current: < 1µA  
No Protection Diodes Needed  
Fixed Output Voltages: 2.5V, 3V, 3.3V, 5V  
Adjustable Output from 1.22V to 20V  
Stable with 3.3µF Output Capacitor  
Stable with Aluminum, Tantalum or  
Ceramic Capacitors  
A key feature of the LT1962 regulators is low output noise.  
With the addition of an external 0.01µF bypass capacitor,  
output noise drops to 20µVRMS over a 10Hz to 100kHz  
bandwidth. The LT1962 regulators are stable with output  
capacitors as low as 3.3µF. Small ceramic capacitors can  
be used without the series resistance required by other  
regulators.  
Reverse Battery Protection  
No Reverse Current  
Overcurrent and Overtemperature Protected  
8-Lead MSOP Package  
Internal protection circuitry includes reverse battery pro-  
tection, current limiting, thermal limiting and reverse  
current protection. The parts come in fixed output volt-  
ages of 2.5V, 3V, 3.3V and 5V, and as an adjustable device  
with a 1.22V reference voltage. The LT1962 regulators are  
available in the 8-lead MSOP package.  
U
APPLICATIO S  
Cellular Phones  
Battery-Powered Systems  
Noise-Sensitive Instrumentation Systems  
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.  
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO  
Dropout Voltage  
400  
3.3V Low Noise Regulator  
350  
300  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
3.3V AT 300mA  
20µV NOISE  
IN  
OUT  
V
IN  
RMS  
+
3.7V TO  
20V  
1µF  
SENSE  
10µF  
LT1962-3.3  
0.01µF  
SHDN  
GND  
BYP  
1962 TA01  
0
0
50  
100  
150  
200  
250  
300  
LOAD CURRENT (mA)  
1962 TA02  
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.  
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-  
tationthattheinterconnectionofitscircuitsasdescribedhereinwillnotinfringeonexistingpatentrights.  
1
LT1962 Series  
W W  
U W  
U W  
U
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS  
PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO  
(Note 1)  
ORDER PART  
NUMBER  
IN Pin Voltage........................................................ ±20V  
OUT Pin Voltage .................................................... ±20V  
Input to Output Differential Voltage (Note 2) ......... ±20V  
SENSE Pin Voltage ............................................... ±20V  
ADJ Pin Voltage ...................................................... ±7V  
BYP Pin Voltage.................................................... ±0.6V  
SHDN Pin Voltage................................................. ±20V  
Output Short-Circut Duration.......................... Indefinite  
Operating Junction Temperature Range  
TOP VIEW  
LT1962EMS8  
LT1962EMS8-2.5  
LT1962EMS8-3  
LT1962EMS8-3.3  
LT1962EMS8-5  
OUT  
SENSE/ADJ*  
BYP  
1
2
3
4
8 IN  
7 NC  
6 NC  
5 SHDN  
GND  
MS8 PACKAGE  
8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP  
*PIN 2: SENSE FOR LT1962-2.5/LT1962-3/  
LT1962-3.3/LT1962-5. ADJ FOR LT1962  
MS8 PART MARKING  
TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 125°C/ W  
LTML  
LTPT  
LTPQ  
LTPS  
LTPR  
(Note 3) ............................................ 40°C to 125°C  
Storage Temperature Range ................. 65°C to 150°C  
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C  
SEE THE APPLICATIONS  
INFORMATION SECTION  
FOR ADDITIONAL  
INFORMATION ON  
THERMAL RESISTANCE  
Consult factory for Industrial and Military grade parts.  
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS  
The denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. (Note 3)  
PARAMETER  
CONDITIONS  
= 300mA  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
Minimum Operating Voltage  
I
1.8  
2.3  
V
LOAD  
Regulated Output Voltage  
(Note 5)  
LT1962-2.5  
LT1962-3  
LT1962-3.3  
LT1962-5  
LT1962  
V
= 3V, I  
= 1mA  
LOAD  
2.475  
2.435  
2.500  
2.500  
2.525  
2.565  
V
V
IN  
3.5V < V < 20V, 1mA < I  
< 300mA  
LOAD  
IN  
V
= 3.5V, I  
IN  
= 1mA  
LOAD  
2.970  
2.925  
3.000  
3.000  
3.030  
3.075  
V
V
IN  
4V < V < 20V, 1mA < I  
< 300mA  
LOAD  
V
= 3.8V, I  
= 1mA  
LOAD  
3.267  
3.220  
3.300  
3.300  
3.333  
3.380  
V
V
IN  
4.3V < V < 20V, 1mA < I  
< 300mA  
LOAD  
IN  
V
= 5.5V, I  
IN  
= 1mA  
LOAD  
4.950  
4.875  
5.000  
5.000  
5.050  
5.125  
V
V
IN  
6V < V < 20V, 1mA < I  
< 300mA  
LOAD  
ADJ Pin Voltage  
(Notes 4, 5)  
V
= 2V, I  
= 1mA  
LOAD  
1.208  
1.190  
1.220  
1.220  
1.232  
1.250  
V
V
IN  
2.3V < V < 20V, 1mA < I  
< 300mA  
LOAD  
IN  
Line Regulation  
LT1962-2.5  
LT1962-3  
LT1962-3.3  
LT1962-5  
V = 3V to 20V, I  
= 1mA  
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
mV  
mV  
mV  
mV  
mV  
IN  
LOAD  
V = 3.5V to 20V, I  
= 1mA  
= 1mA  
= 1mA  
IN  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LOAD  
V = 3.8V to 20V, I  
IN  
V = 5.5V to 20V, I  
IN  
LT1962 (Note 4) V = 2V to 20V, I  
= 1mA  
IN  
LOAD  
Load Regulation  
LT1962-2.5  
V
V
= 3.5V, I  
= 3.5V, I  
= 1mA to 300mA  
= 1mA to 300mA  
5
12  
25  
mV  
mV  
IN  
IN  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LT1962-3  
V
V
= 4V, I  
= 4V, I  
= 1mA to 300mA  
= 1mA to 300mA  
7
15  
30  
mV  
mV  
IN  
IN  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LT1962-3.3  
LT1962-5  
V
V
= 4.3V, I  
= 4.3V, I  
= 1mA to 300mA  
= 1mA to 300mA  
7
17  
33  
mV  
mV  
IN  
IN  
LOAD  
LOAD  
V
V
= 6V, I  
= 6V, I  
= 1mA to 300mA  
= 1mA to 300mA  
12  
2
25  
50  
mV  
mV  
IN  
IN  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LT1962 (Note 4)  
V
V
= 2.3V, I  
= 2.3V, I  
= 1mA to 300mA  
= 1mA to 300mA  
6
12  
mV  
mV  
IN  
IN  
LOAD  
LOAD  
2
LT1962 Series  
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS  
The denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. (Note 2)  
PARAMETER  
CONDITIONS  
MIN  
TYP  
MAX  
UNITS  
Dropout Voltage  
I
I
= 10mA  
= 10mA  
0.10  
0.15  
0.21  
V
V
LOAD  
LOAD  
V
= V  
IN  
OUT(NOMINAL)  
(Notes 6, 7)  
I
I
= 50mA  
= 50mA  
0.15  
0.18  
0.27  
0.20  
0.28  
V
V
LOAD  
LOAD  
I
I
= 100mA  
= 100mA  
0.24  
0.33  
V
V
LOAD  
LOAD  
I
I
= 300mA  
= 300mA  
0.33  
0.43  
V
V
LOAD  
LOAD  
GND Pin Current  
I
I
I
I
I
= 0mA  
= 1mA  
= 50mA  
= 100mA  
= 300mA  
30  
65  
1.1  
2
75  
120  
1.6  
3
µA  
µA  
mA  
mA  
mA  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LOAD  
LOAD  
V
= V  
IN  
OUT(NOMINAL)  
(Notes 6, 8)  
8
12  
Output Voltage Noise  
ADJ Pin Bias Current  
Shutdown Threshold  
C
= 10µF, C  
= 0.01µF, I  
= 300mA, BW = 10Hz to 100kHz  
20  
30  
µV  
RMS  
OUT  
BYP  
LOAD  
(Notes 4, 9)  
100  
2
nA  
V
V
= Off to On  
= On to Off  
0.8  
0.65  
V
V
OUT  
OUT  
0.25  
SHDN Pin Current  
(Note 10)  
V
V
= 0V  
= 20V  
0.01  
1
0.5  
5
µA  
µA  
SHDN  
SHDN  
Quiescent Current in Shutdown  
Ripple Rejection  
V
V
= 6V, V  
= 0V  
SHDN  
0.1  
65  
1
µA  
IN  
– V  
= 1.5V (Avg), V  
= 0.5V , f = 120Hz,  
P-P RIPPLE  
55  
dB  
IN  
OUT  
RIPPLE  
I
= 300mA  
LOAD  
Current Limit  
V
V
= 7V, V  
= V  
= 0V  
700  
mA  
mA  
IN  
IN  
OUT  
OUT(NOMINAL)  
+ 1V, V  
= 0.1V  
320  
OUT  
Input Reverse Leakage Current  
V
= 20V, V  
= 0V  
OUT  
1
mA  
IN  
Reverse Output Current  
(Note 11)  
LT1962-2.5  
LT1962-3  
LT1962-3.3  
LT1962-5  
V
V
V
V
V
= 2.5V, V < 2.5V  
10  
10  
10  
10  
5
20  
20  
20  
20  
10  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
OUT  
OUT  
OUT  
OUT  
OUT  
IN  
= 3V, V < 3V  
IN  
= 3.3V, V < 3.3V  
IN  
= 5V, V < 5V  
IN  
LT1962 (Note 4)  
= 1.22V, V < 1.22V  
IN  
Note 6: To satisfy requirements for minimum input voltage, the LT1962  
(adjustable version) is tested and specified for these conditions with an  
external resistor divider (two 250k resistors) for an output voltage of  
2.44V. The external resistor divider will add a 5µA DC load on the output.  
Note 7: Dropout voltage is the minimum input to output voltage differential  
needed to maintain regulation at a specified output current. In dropout, the  
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life  
of a device may be impaired.  
Note 2: Absolute maximum input to output differential voltage can not be  
achieved with all combinations of rated IN pin and OUT pin voltages. With  
the IN pin at 20V, the OUT pin may not be pulled below 0V. The total  
measured voltage from in to out can not exceed ±20V.  
output voltage will be equal to: V – V  
.
IN  
DROPOUT  
Note 3: The LT1962 regulators are tested and specified under pulse load  
conditions such that T T . The LT1962 is 100% tested at T = 25°C.  
Note 8: GND pin current is tested with V = V  
and a current  
IN  
OUT(NOMINAL)  
J
A
A
source load. This means the device is tested while operating in its dropout  
region. This is the worst-case GND pin current. The GND pin current will  
decrease slightly at higher input voltages.  
Performance at 40°C and 125°C is assured by design, characterization  
and correlation with statistical process controls.  
Note 4: The LT1962 (adjustable version) is tested and specified for these  
conditions with the ADJ pin connected to the OUT pin.  
Note 9: ADJ pin bias current flows into the ADJ pin.  
Note 10: SHDN pin current flows into the SHDN pin. This current is  
included in the specification for GND pin current.  
Note 11: Reverse output current is tested with the IN pin grounded and the  
OUT pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current flows into the OUT  
pin and out the GND pin.  
Note 5: Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction  
temperature. The regulated output voltage specification will not apply for  
all possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When  
operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be  
limited. When operating at maximum output current, the input voltage  
range must be limited.  
3
LT1962 Series  
U
U
U
PI FU CTIO S  
OUT (Pin 1): Output. The output supplies power to the  
load. A minimum output capacitor of 3.3µF is required to  
prevent oscillations. Larger output capacitors will be  
required for applications with large transient loads to limit  
peak voltage transients. See the Applications Information  
section for more information on output capacitance and  
reverse output characteristics.  
reducing output voltage noise to a typical 20µVRMS over a  
10Hz to 100kHz bandwidth. If not used, this pin must be  
left unconnected.  
GND (Pin 4): Ground.  
SHDN (Pin 5): Shutdown. The SHDN pin is used to put the  
LT1962 regulators into a low power shutdown state. The  
output will be off when the SHDN pin is pulled low. The  
SHDN pin can be driven either by 5V logic or open-  
collector logic with a pull-up resistor. The pull-up resistor  
is required to supply the pull-up current of the open-  
collector gate, normally several microamperes, and the  
SHDN pin current, typically 1µA. If unused, the SHDN pin  
must be connected to VIN. The device will not function if  
the SHDN pin is not connected.  
SENSE (Pin 2): Sense. For fixed voltage versions of the  
LT1962 (LT1962-2.5/LT1962-3/LT1962-3.3/LT1962-5),  
the SENSE pin is the input to the error amplifier. Optimum  
regulation will be obtained at the point where the SENSE  
pin is connected to the OUT pin of the regulator. In critical  
applications, small voltage drops are caused by the resis-  
tance(RP)ofPCtracesbetweentheregulatorandtheload.  
These may be eliminated by connecting the SENSE pin to  
the output at the load as shown in Figure 1 (Kelvin Sense  
Connection). Note that the voltage drop across the exter-  
nal PC traces will add to the dropout voltage of the  
regulator. The SENSE pin bias current is 10µA at the  
nominalratedoutputvoltage.TheSENSEpincanbepulled  
below ground (as in a dual supply system where the  
regulator load is returned to a negative supply) and still  
allow the device to start and operate.  
NC (Pins 6, 7): No Connect. For best thermal perfor-  
mance, these pins are not internally connected. For im-  
proved power handling capabilities, these pins can be  
connected to the PC board.  
IN (Pin 8): Input. Power is supplied to the device through  
the IN pin. A bypass capacitor is required on this pin if the  
device is more than six inches away from the main input  
filter capacitor. In general, the output impedance of a  
battery rises with frequency, so it is advisable to include a  
bypass capacitor in battery-powered circuits. A bypass  
capacitor in the range of 1µF to 10µF is sufficient. The  
LT1962 regulators are designed to withstand reverse  
voltages on the IN pin with respect to ground and the OUT  
pin. In the case of a reverse input, which can happen if a  
battery is plugged in backwards, the device will act as if  
there is a diode in series with its input. There will be no  
reverse current flow into the regulator and no reverse  
voltage will appear at the load. The device will protect both  
itself and the load.  
ADJ (Pin 2): Adjust. For the adjustable LT1962, this is the  
input to the error amplifier. This pin is internally clamped  
to ±7V. It has a bias current of 30nA which flows into the  
pin.TheADJpinvoltageis1.22Vreferencedtogroundand  
the output voltage range is 1.22V to 20V.  
BYP (Pin 3): Bypass. The BYP pin is used to bypass the  
reference of the LT1962 to achieve low noise performance  
from the regulator. The BYP pin is clamped internally to  
±0.6V (one VBE). A small capacitor from the output to this  
pin will bypass the reference to lower the output voltage  
noise. A maximum value of 0.01µF can be used for  
R
P
8
1
2
IN  
OUT  
LT1962  
5
+
+
SHDN SENSE  
LOAD  
V
IN  
GND  
4
R
P
1962 F01  
Figure 1. Kelvin Sense Connection  
4
LT1962 Series  
W U U  
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO  
U
TheLT1962seriesare300mAlowdropoutregulatorswith  
micropowerquiescentcurrentandshutdown.Thedevices  
are capable of supplying 300mA at a dropout voltage of  
300mV. Output voltage noise can be lowered to 20µVRMS  
over a 10Hz to 100kHz bandwidth with the addition of a  
0.01µFreferencebypasscapacitor. Additionally, therefer-  
ence bypass capacitor will improve transient response of  
the regulator, lowering the settling time for transient load  
conditions. The low operating quiescent current (30µA)  
drops to less than 1µA in shutdown. In addition to the low  
quiescentcurrent, theLT1962regulatorsincorporatesev-  
eral protection features which make them ideal for use in  
battery-powered systems. The devices are protected  
against both reverse input and reverse output voltages. In  
battery backup applications where the output can be held  
up by a backup battery when the input is pulled to ground,  
the LT1962-X acts like it has a diode in series with its  
output and prevents reverse current flow. Additionally, in  
dual supply applications where the regulator load is re-  
turnedtoanegativesupply,theoutputcanbepulledbelow  
groundbyasmuchas20Vandstillallowthedevicetostart  
and operate.  
output voltage can be calculated using the formula in  
Figure 2. The value of R1 should be no greater than 250k  
to minimize errors in the output voltage caused by the ADJ  
pinbiascurrent.Notethatinshutdowntheoutputisturned  
off and the divider current will be zero.  
The adjustable device is tested and specified with the ADJ  
pin tied to the OUT pin for an output voltage of 1.22V.  
Specifications for output voltages greater than 1.22V will  
be proportional to the ratio of the desired output voltage to  
1.22V: VOUT/1.22V. For example, load regulation for an  
output current change of 1mA to 300mA is 2mV typical  
at VOUT = 1.22V. At VOUT = 12V, load regulation is:  
(12V/1.22V)(–2mV) = 19.7mV  
Bypass Capacitance and Low Noise Performance  
The LT1962 regulators may be used with the addition of a  
bypass capacitor from VOUT to the BYP pin to lower output  
voltage noise. A good quality low leakage capacitor is  
recommended. This capacitor will bypass the reference of  
the regulator, providing a low frequency noise pole. The  
noise pole provided by this bypass capacitor will lower the  
output voltage noise to as low as 20µVRMS with the  
addition of a 0.01µF bypass capacitor. Using a bypass  
capacitor has the added benefit of improving transient  
response. With no bypass capacitor and a 10µF output  
capacitor, a 10mA to 300mA load step will settle to within  
1% of its final value in less than 100µs. With the addition  
of a 0.01µF bypass capacitor, the output will settle to  
within 1% for a 10mA to 300mA load step in less than  
10µs,withtotaloutputvoltagedeviationoflessthan2.5%.  
However, regulator start-up time is inversely proportional  
to the size of the bypass capacitor, slowing to 15ms with  
a 0.01µF bypass capacitor and 10µF output capacitor.  
Adjustable Operation  
The adjustable version of the LT1962 has an output  
voltage range of 1.22V to 20V. The output voltage is set by  
theratiooftwoexternalresistorsasshowninFigure2.The  
device servos the output to maintain the ADJ pin voltage  
at 1.22V referenced to ground. The current in R1 is then  
equalto1.22V/R1andthecurrentinR2isthecurrentinR1  
plus the ADJ pin bias current. The ADJ pin bias current,  
30nA at 25°C, flows through R2 into the ADJ pin. The  
IN  
OUT  
ADJ  
V
OUT  
+
V
LT1962  
GND  
R2  
R1  
IN  
Output Capacitance and Transient Response  
The LT1962 regulators are designed to be stable with a  
wide range of output capacitors. The ESR of the output  
capacitor affects stability, most notably with small capaci-  
tors. A minimum output capacitor of 3.3µF with an ESR of  
3or less is recommended to prevent oscillations. The  
LT1962-X is a micropower device and output transient  
response will be a function of output capacitance. Larger  
values of output capacitance decrease the peak deviations  
1962 F02  
R2  
R1  
VOUT = 1.22V 1+  
ADJ = 1.22V  
ADJ = 30nA AT 25°C  
OUTPUT RANGE = 1.22V TO 20V  
+ I  
R2  
(
ADJ)(  
)
V
I
Figure 2. Adjustable Operation  
5
LT1962 Series  
W U U  
U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO  
40  
and provide improved transient response for larger load  
current changes. Bypass capacitors, used to decouple  
individual components powered by the LT1962, will in-  
crease the effective output capacitor value. With larger  
capacitors used to bypass the reference (for low noise  
operation),largervaluesofoutputcapacitanceareneeded.  
For 100pF of bypass capacitance, 4.7µF of output capaci-  
tor is recommended. With a 1000pF bypass capacitor or  
larger, a 6.8µF output capacitor is recommended.  
20  
0
X5R  
–20  
–40  
–60  
–80  
–100  
Y5V  
BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V,  
1210 CASE SIZE, 10µF  
Extra consideration must be given to the use of ceramic  
capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a  
variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior across  
temperature and applied voltage. The most common  
dielectrics used are Z5U, Y5V, X5R and X7R. The Z5U and  
Y5V dielectrics are good for providing high capacitance in  
a small package, but exhibit strong voltage and tempera-  
ture coefficients as shown in Figures 3 and 4. When used  
with a 5V regulator, a 10µF Y5V capacitor can exhibit an  
effective value as low as 1µF to 2µF over the operating  
temperature range. The X5R and X7R dielectrics result in  
more stable characteristics and are more suitable for use  
as the output capacitor. The X7R type has better stability  
across temperature, while the X5R is less expensive and  
is available in higher values.  
50  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
100 125  
–50 –25  
0
25  
75  
1962 F04  
Figure 4. Ceramic Capacitor Temperature Characteristics  
similar to the way a piezoelectric accelerometer or micro-  
phone works. For a ceramic capacitor the stress can be  
induced by vibrations in the system or thermal transients.  
The resulting voltages produced can cause appreciable  
amounts of noise, especially when a ceramic capacitor is  
used for noise bypassing. A ceramic capacitor produced  
Figure 5’s trace in response to light tapping from a pencil.  
Similar vibration induced behavior can masquerade as  
increased output voltage noise.  
Voltage and temperature coefficients are not the only  
sources of problems. Some ceramic capacitors have a  
piezoelectric response. A piezoelectric device generates  
voltage across its terminals due to mechanical stress,  
LT1962-5  
COUT = 10µF  
CBYP = 0.01µf  
ILOAD = 100mA  
VOUT  
500µV/DIV  
20  
BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V,  
1210 CASE SIZE, 10µF  
0
X5R  
–20  
100ms/DIV  
1962 F05  
–40  
Figure 5. Noise Resulting from Tapping on a Ceramic Capacitor  
–60  
Y5V  
–80  
Thermal Considerations  
–100  
The power handling capability of the device will be limited  
by the maximum rated junction temperature (125°C). The  
power dissipated by the device will be made up of two  
components:  
0
8
12 14  
2
4
6
10  
16  
DC BIAS VOLTAGE (V)  
1962 F04  
Figure 3. Ceramic Capacitor DC Bias Characteristics  
6
LT1962 Series  
W U U  
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO  
U
1. Output current multiplied by the input/output voltage  
The power dissipated by the device will be equal to:  
IOUT(MAX)(VIN(MAX) – VOUT) + IGND(VIN(MAX)  
where,  
IOUT(MAX) = 100mA  
IN(MAX) = 6V  
IGND at (IOUT = 100mA, VIN = 6V) = 2mA  
So,  
differential: (IOUT)(VIN – VOUT), and  
)
2. GND pin current multiplied by the input voltage:  
(IGND)(VIN).  
The GND pin current can be estimated using specification  
in the Electrical Characteristics table. Power dissipation  
will be equal to the sum of the two components listed  
above.  
V
P = 100mA(6V – 3.3V) + 2mA(6V) = 0.28W  
The LT1962 series regulators have internal thermal limit-  
ing designed to protect the device during overload condi-  
tions. For continuous normal conditions, the maximum  
junction temperature rating of 125°C must not be  
exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration to  
allsourcesofthermalresistancefromjunctiontoambient.  
Additional heat sources mounted nearby must also be  
considered.  
The thermal resistance will be in the range of 110°C/W to  
140°C/W depending on the copper area. So the junction  
temperature rise above ambient will be approximately  
equal to:  
0.28W(125°C/W) = 35.3°C  
The maximum junction temperature will then be equal to  
the maximum junction temperature rise above ambient  
plus the maximum ambient temperature or:  
For surface mount devices, heat sinking is accomplished  
by using the heat spreading capabilities of the PC board  
and its copper traces. Copper board stiffeners and plated  
through-holes can also be used to spread the heat gener-  
ated by power devices.  
T
JMAX = 50°C + 35.3°C = 85.3°C  
Protection Features  
The LT1962 regulators incorporate several protection  
featureswhichmakethemidealforuseinbattery-powered  
circuits. In addition to the normal protection features  
associated with monolithic regulators, such as current  
limiting and thermal limiting, the devices are protected  
against reverse input voltages, reverse output voltages  
and reverse voltages from output to input.  
The following table lists thermal resistance for several  
different board sizes and copper areas. All measurements  
were taken in still air on 1/16" FR-4 board with one ounce  
copper.  
Table 1. Measured Thermal Resistance  
Current limit protection and thermal overload protection  
areintendedtoprotectthedeviceagainstcurrentoverload  
conditions at the output of the device. For normal opera-  
tion, the junction temperature should not exceed 125°C.  
COPPER AREA  
THERMAL RESISTANCE  
TOPSIDE* BACKSIDE  
BOARD AREA (JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT)  
2500mm2  
1000mm2  
225mm2  
100mm2  
50mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
2500mm2  
110°C/W  
115°C/W  
120°C/W  
130°C/W  
140°C/W  
The input of the device will withstand reverse voltages of  
20V.Currentflowintothedevicewillbelimitedtolessthan  
1mA (typically less than 100µA) and no negative voltage  
will appear at the output. The device will protect both itself  
and the load. This provides protection against batteries  
which can be plugged in backward.  
*Device is mounted on topside.  
Calculating Junction Temperature  
The output of the LT1962 can be pulled below ground  
withoutdamagingthedevice.Iftheinputisleftopencircuit  
or grounded, the output can be pulled below ground by  
20V. For fixed voltage versions, the output will act like a  
large resistor, typically 500k or higher, limiting current  
Example: Given an output voltage of 3.3V, an input voltage  
range of 4V to 6V, an output current range of 0mA to  
100mA and a maximum ambient temperature of 50°C,  
what will the maximum junction temperature be?  
7
LT1962 Series  
W U U  
U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO  
flow to less than 40µA. For adjustable versions, the output  
will act like an open circuit; no current will flow out of the  
pin. If the input is powered by a voltage source, the output  
will source the short-circuit current of the device and will  
protect itself by thermal limiting. In this case, grounding  
the SHDN pin will turn off the device and stop the output  
from sourcing the short-circuit current.  
voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled to  
ground, pulledtosomeintermediatevoltageorisleftopen  
circuit. Current flow back into the output will follow the  
curve shown in Figure 6.  
When the IN pin of the LT1962 is forced below the OUT pin  
or the OUT pin is pulled above the IN pin, input current will  
typicallydroptolessthan2µA. Thiscanhappeniftheinput  
of the device is connected to a discharged (low voltage)  
battery and the output is held up by either a backup battery  
orasecondregulatorcircuit.ThestateoftheSHDNpinwill  
have no effect on the reverse output current when the  
output is pulled above the input.  
The ADJ pin of the adjustable device can be pulled above  
or below ground by as much as 7V without damaging the  
device. Iftheinputisleftopencircuitorgrounded, theADJ  
pin will act like an open circuit when pulled below ground  
and like a large resistor (typically 100k) in series with a  
diode when pulled above ground.  
100  
T
= 25°C  
IN  
J
V
In situations where the ADJ pin is connected to a resistor  
divider that would pull the ADJ pin above its 7V clamp  
voltage if the output is pulled high, the ADJ pin input  
current must be limited to less than 5mA. For example, a  
resistor divider is used to provide a regulated 1.5V output  
fromthe1.22Vreferencewhentheoutputisforcedto20V.  
The top resistor of the resistor divider must be chosen to  
limitthecurrentintotheADJpintolessthan5mAwhenthe  
ADJpinisat7V. The13VdifferencebetweenOUTandADJ  
pin divided by the 5mA maximum current into the ADJ pin  
yields a minimum top resistor value of 2.6k.  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
= 0V  
CURRENT FLOWS  
INTO OUTPUT PIN  
V
= V  
(LT1962)  
OUT  
ADJ  
LT1962  
LT1962-3  
LT1962-3.3  
LT1962-2.5  
LT1962-5  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)  
1962 F06  
In circuits where a backup battery is required, several  
different input/output conditions can occur. The output  
Figure 6. Reverse Output Current  
RELATED PARTS  
PART NUMBER  
LT1120  
LT1121  
LT1129  
LT1175  
LT1521  
LT1529  
LTC1627  
LT1761  
LT1762  
LT1763  
LT1764  
LT1772  
LT1963  
DESCRIPTION  
COMMENTS  
125mA Low Dropout Regulator with 20µA I  
Includes 2.5V Reference and Comparator  
Q
150mA Micropower Low Dropout Regulator  
30µA I , SOT-223 Package  
Q
700mA Micropower Low Dropout Regulator  
50µA Quiescent Current  
500mA Negative Low Dropout Micropower Regulator  
300mA Low Dropout Micropower Regulator with Shutdown  
45µA I , 0.26V Dropout Voltage, SOT-223 Package  
Q
15µA I , Reverse Battery Protection  
Q
3A Low Dropout Regulator with 50µA I  
500mV Dropout Voltage  
Burst ModeTM Operation, Monolithic, 100% Duty Cycle  
Q
High Efficiency Synchronous Step-Down Switching Regulator  
100mA, Low Noise, Low Dropout Micropower Regulator in SOT-23  
150mA, Low Noise, LDO Micropower Regulator  
20µA Quiescent Current, 20µV  
25µA Quiescent Current, 20µV  
30µA Quiescent Current, 20µV  
340mV Dropout Voltage  
Noise  
Noise  
Noise  
RMS  
RMS  
RMS  
500mA, Low Noise, LDO Micropower Regulator  
3A, Fast Transient Response Low Dropout Regulator  
Constant Frequency Current Mode Step-Down DC/DC Controller  
1.5A, Fast Transient Response Low Dropout Regulator  
Up to 94% Efficiency, SOT-23 Package, 100% Duty Cycle  
SO-8, SOT-223 Packages  
Burst Mode is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.  
1962i LT/TP 0400 4K • PRINTED IN USA  
LinearTechnology Corporation  
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417  
8
(408)432-1900 FAX:(408)434-0507 www.linear-tech.com  
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2000  

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