NM95HS02N [NSC]

HiSeC-TM High Security Rolling Code Generator; HiSeC -TM高安全的滚动码生成器
NM95HS02N
型号: NM95HS02N
厂家: National Semiconductor    National Semiconductor
描述:

HiSeC-TM High Security Rolling Code Generator
HiSeC -TM高安全的滚动码生成器

消费电路 商用集成电路 光电二极管
文件: 总20页 (文件大小:286K)
中文:  中文翻译
下载:  下载PDF数据表文档文件
February 1996  
NM95HS01/NM95HS02  
HiSeCTM High Security Rolling Code Generator  
General Description  
Features  
Y
48  
High security coding scheme with 2 combinations  
High linear complexity and correlation immunity  
2.2V to 6.5V operation  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Rolling Code Generator is a  
small footprint, monolithic CMOS device designed to pro-  
vide a complete, low-cost, high security solution to the prob-  
lem of generating encrypted signals for remote keyless en-  
try (RKE) applications.  
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Less than 1 mA standby current  
Full resynchronization capability  
The NM95HS01/02 generates a fully encoded bit stream  
each time one of (up to) 4 switch inputs is activated. The  
48  
Unique customized algorithm option  
13 bytes on-chip non-volatile configuration memory  
RC or XTAL clock options for to 4.1 MHz operation  
Supports both IR and RF signal transmission  
Selection of bit coding and transmission frame formats  
Space saving narrow body SO8 or SO14 packages  
Up to 4 key switch inputs on SO14 package  
patented* coding scheme utilizes 2  
possible user-pro-  
grammable coding combinations, and features high linear  
complexity and correlation immunity. High security is guar-  
anteed by generating a unique (rolling) code for each trans-  
mission, and can be further enhanced by creating custom-  
ized algorithms for individual customers. With this product,  
each key can be designed to be both unique and highly  
secure.  
Applications  
Y
The NM95HS01/02 supports either an IR or RF signal  
transmitter, and can be clocked with either an RC clock  
(NM95HS01) or a crystal oscillator (NM95HS02). The de-  
vice operates over a voltage range of 2.2V to 6.5V, and  
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) applications  
Y
Burglar alarms/garage door openers  
Y
Individualized recognition/transmission systems  
Y
Personalized consumer automotive applications  
k
offers a low power standby mode ( 1 mA) for battery appli-  
cations. The product is available in both 8-pin and 14-pin SO  
packages with 2 or 4 key switch inputs that can be used for  
customer presets such as seat positions, and vehicle oper-  
ating functions such as car door locking/unlocking.  
Relevant Documents  
Y
MM57HS01 datasheet  
Y
Designing and Programming  
based RKE System  
a
Complete HiSeCTM  
AN-985  
-
Y
HiSeC Remote Keyless Entry Solution Encoder/Decod-  
er Chip Set User’s Manual AN-355  
*Patents Pending  
Functional Block Diagram  
TL/D/12302–1  
Note: Signals shown are internal logic signals.  
FIGURE 1  
HiSeCTM and MICROWIRETM are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation.  
C
1996 National Semiconductor Corporation  
TL/D/12302  
RRD-B30M66/Printed in U. S. A.  
The 24-bit key ID register can be used to configure a large  
number of unique keys, each of which will produce a unique  
encoded output bit stream. The 24 bits in the code genera-  
tor block are mixed with coded data.  
General Characteristics  
The NM95HS01/02HiSeC Generator was developed to  
meet existing standards for rolling code-based security sys-  
tems.  
The output of this block is then fed into the 24-/36-bit buffer  
register, where the 40 bits are recombined to produce a 24-  
or 36-bit output (a user option). The 8-bit sync field register  
can be configured by the user to provide a pattern to facili-  
tate synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.  
Theft prevention systems typically involve user identification  
and transmission of information at various distances from  
the vehicle. These Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems  
are generally implemented with IR transmitters for short dis-  
tances, or RF transmitters for longer distances. RF trans-  
mission has become state of the art; however the longer  
distances involved require a much higher degree of security,  
since the possibility of signal interception is greatly in-  
creased.  
The details of the code block are available to customers,  
and exclusive algorithms are available and under contract  
with National. Call your local sales office for details.  
The HiSeC Generator is shipped with a standard algorithm  
as a standard product, with the configuration shown.  
These applications are ideally served by the  
NM95HS01/02. This generator is a small footprint, low cur-  
rent solution that supports both IR and RF transmission.  
The device is available in an 8-pin SO package with 2 key  
switch inputs, or a 14-pin SO package with 4 key switch  
inputs.  
Figure 2 shows a general operational block diagram of the  
NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator. The 4 key switch inputs  
shown use internal pull-up resistors, and are suitable for  
normally open, single pole input switches connected to  
ground. The inputs are buffered by debounce logic which  
repeatedly polls the inputs to determine if a key switch has  
been asserted. If any key switch input is seen as low for four  
continuous 10 ms samples, its associated output is set high,  
the HiSeC control logic is activated, and a security code is  
generated and transmitted.  
The proprietary coding scheme used generates a rolling  
48  
code based on 2 possible user combinations, and en-  
sures a high level of coding security for any RKE applica-  
tion. The NM95HS01 can be clocked with an RC circuit,  
while the NM95HS02 can be clocked with a crystal oscilla-  
tor.  
The timer block is used to set the key debounce time and  
the IR or RF clock times. These clock times are used as the  
time base for the chosen bit coding format. The timer block  
is also used to generate the interframe pause time, and the  
timeout delay, if these are enabled. These parameters are  
configured by the user in the 13-byte on-chip EEPROM ar-  
ray.  
General Device Operation  
The Functional Block Diagram (Figure 1) shows the internal  
elements of the code generating logic and program regis-  
ters.  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator achieves its high se-  
curity level by combining the contents of several dynamic  
data registers in a non-linear manner to generate an encod-  
ed output. Data in the registers is comprised of a mixture of  
user programmable data, factory programmable data, and  
randomized data. This inherently random and separate data  
is encrypted by clocking it through a non-linear logic block,  
and feeding part of the output back to produce a final coded  
output with a high degree of linear complexity and correla-  
tion immunity.  
The NM95HS01 version of the device uses an RC network  
to clock the CKI input pin. The CKO/LED pin is not required  
for clocking, but may be used for a visual indicator LED. If  
the NM95HS02 crystal oscillator version is used, the device  
is clocked using both the CKI and CKO pins. If an LED is  
used with this device, it may be grounded through the  
RFEN/LED pin. Either the CKO/LED or the RFEN/LED out-  
put pins can provide the sink current needed to drive an  
indicator LED. The RFEN pin is active low during signal  
transmission, and is used to provide power to the RF circuit  
only during transmission to increase battery life.  
The NM95HS01/02 incorporates 13 bytes of non-volatile  
EEPROM memory which can be used to configure the de-  
vice registers. This memory is accessible to the user, and  
can be configured to the desired configuration, then write-  
disabled to prevent tampering.  
The transmit output (TX) pin is a configurable logic level  
output, and is used to transmit the encoded bit stream. An  
on-chip power-on reset circuit is used to initialize the device  
during power-up.  
User programmable data includes 24 bits of the code block,  
a 24-bit key ID register, and an 8-bit sync field register.  
http://www.national.com  
2
Connection Diagrams  
14-Pin SO Package (M14) and  
14-Pin Dual-In-Line Package (N14)  
14-Pin TSSOP Package (MT14)  
8-Pin SO Package (M8)  
Pin Names  
Description  
Key Input  
Pin  
KEYn  
RFEN/LED  
CKO/LED  
TX  
RF Enable/LED  
XTAL Clock/LED  
Data Transmit  
RC Clock Input  
Ground  
TL/D/12302–4  
CKI  
Top View  
See NS Package Number  
M08A (M8) or N08E (N)  
GND  
TL/D/12302–5  
V
CC  
Supply Voltage  
Top View  
See NS Package Number  
M14A (M), MTC14 (MT14)  
or N14A (N14)  
Ordering Information  
a
Commercial Temperature Range (0 C to 70 C)  
§
§
Order Number  
NM95HS01M8/NM95HS02M8  
NM95HS01N/NM95HS02N  
NM95HS01M/NM95HS02M  
NM95HS01MT14/NM95HS02MT14  
NM95HS01N14/NM95HS02N14  
b
a
Extended Temperature Range ( 40 C to 85 C)  
§
§
Order Number  
NM95HS01EM8/NM95HS02EM8  
NM95HS01EN/NM95HS02EN  
NM95HS01EM/NM95HS02EM  
NM95HS01EN14/NM95HS02EN14  
TL/D/12302–2  
*Note: Keys 3 and 4 available in 14-pin packages.  
FlGURE 2. Operational Block Diagram of the NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator  
3
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General Transmitter Circuit  
Configurations  
Figure 3 shows several typical circuit configurations for a  
HiSeC based RKE system transmitter. Note that all circuits  
require few external components beyond a battery and  
transmitter stage. IR and RF bit timing may be optimized  
through the timer block settings in the EEPR0M array, which  
allows flexibility in selecting the smallest and least expen-  
sive clock components in the chosen design range.  
The first two circuits are examples of RF transmitter applica-  
tions, with both RC and crystal (XTAL) oscillator clocks; the  
third circuit is an example of an IR transmitter application.  
Two circuits are configured for an LED. Note that the LED  
pin refers to a visual indicator LED, and not the IR LED  
which might be used in an IR transmitter circuit.  
The LEDSEL bit in the EEPROM array determines whether  
the RFEN/LED or CKO/LED pins are dedicated to the LED  
for a particular circuit configuration. LED pin select options  
are detailed in Table I.  
Design considerations for selecting and optimizing clock  
component values are detailed in the Generator Clock De-  
sign Parameters section.  
General Receiver Circuit  
Configurations  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator with the standard  
customer algorithm is matched to a companion partÐthe  
MM57HS HiSeC Decoder. For applications requiring more  
extensive receiver design and decoder programming,  
a
COPS8xxx/NM93Cx6 package is recommended. A com-  
plete discussion of receiver oonfigurations and considera-  
tions can be found in the National Semiconductor Applica-  
tion Note: How to Design and Program a HiSeC RKE Re-  
ceiver using an 8-Bit Microcontroller.  
TL/D/12302–3  
FIGURE 3. Typical Transmitter Circuit Configurations  
TABLE I. LED Pin Select Options  
RFEN/LED CKO/LED  
RFEN LED  
Clock  
RC  
LEDSEL  
Function  
X
0
1
RF Mode with LED  
RF Mode w/o LED  
IR mode with LED  
XTAL  
XTAL  
LED  
CKO  
CKO  
RFEN  
Either the LED or RFEN outputs of the NM95HS01/02 can be used to indicate device transmis-  
sion. The LED output is active during a pause, whereas the RFEN output is active during frame  
transmission.  
The IR Drive Current is 10 mA so an amplifier stage may be needed.  
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4
Bit Coding Formats  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator supports eleven-bit  
coding formats which may be used for IR and RF transmis-  
sion. Seven-bit formats are available for RF applications,  
and four are available for IR applications. One-bit format is  
reserved for future use.  
IR bit coding formats all follow the same general pattern. In  
this mode, a logic ‘‘1’’ is always two periods long, and a ‘‘0’’  
is always three periods long. This may be an important con-  
sideration when considering preamble and sync timing.  
Waveform diagrams for all available RF and IR bit transmis-  
sion coding formats are shown below.  
Bit coding formats are selected by configuring four bits in  
the EEPROM array: IRSEL, PRSEL2, PRSEL1 and PRSEL0.  
Table II shows the possible bit coding options available.  
TABLE II. Transmission Bit Coding Options  
Each bit coding format has a distinction which may be ad-  
vantageous for a particular application. RF bit coding format  
0 is the simplest bit coding scheme, and data may be easily  
recovered from a transmission by exclusive OR-ing the data  
and clock stream. Both RF bit coding formats 0 and 2 have  
a DC level that is independent of the data.  
IRSEL PRSEL2 PRSEL1 PRSEL0  
Function  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
X
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
X
RF Bit Coding Format 0  
RF Bit Coding Format 1  
RF Bit Coding Format 2  
RF Bit Coding Format 3  
RF Bit Coding Format 4  
RF Bit Coding Format 5  
Reserved  
RF format 4, and the IR modes operate with a constant  
transmission energy per message, and RF coding formats  
1, 3, 5 and 7 are pulse-width modulated (PWM) formats  
which are relatively easy to decode. RF coding format 7 has  
a low duty cycle.  
RF Bit Coding Format 7  
IR Bit Coding Format 1  
IR Bit Coding Format 2  
IR Bit Coding Format 3  
IR Bit Coding Format 4  
Reserved  
The IR bit coding formats are modulated versions of RF  
coding format 4, and are all suitable for IR applications. The  
duty cycle and number of pulses are variable among these  
four to allow the user to fine tune the IR circuit power curve.  
Bit Transmission Coding Formats  
RF Bit Coding Format 0 (Manchester Code)  
RF Bit Coding Format 1 (33%/66% Ð End High)  
TL/D/12302–6  
TL/D/12302–7  
RF Bit Coding Format 2 (50% Duty Cycle)  
RF Bit Coding Format 3 (25%/50% Ð Start High)  
TL/D/12302–8  
TL/D/12302–9  
RF Bit Coding Format 4 (IR Style)  
RF Bit Coding Format 5 (33%/66% Ð Start High)  
TL/D/1230210  
TL/D/1230211  
5
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Bit Transmission Coding Formats (Continued)  
RF Bit Coding Format 7 (Low Duty Cycle Ð 1:16/2:16)  
TL/D/1230212  
TL/D/1230213  
TL/D/1230214  
TL/D/1230215  
TL/D/1230216  
IR Bit Coding Format 1 (5 Pulses Ð 33% Duty Cycle)  
IR Bit Coding Format 2 (8 Pulses Ð 33% Duty Cycle)  
IR Bit Coding Format 3 (5 Pulses Ð 25% Duty Cycle)  
IR Bit Coding Format 4 (8 Pulses Ð 25% Duty Cycle)  
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6
The sync frame format contains both start code and a fixed  
4-bit sync code of 0000. This sync code replaces the key  
application data in the data field, and is used to confirm  
HiSeC sync mode to the decoder.  
Programmable Signal  
Output Polarity  
The transmit (TX) output pin signal polarity and quiescent  
state output is controlled by the TxPol bit, which may be  
e
be at a logic low when no frame is transmitted, or when a  
Sync mode is built into the generator to allow resynchroni-  
zation of the device under certain conditions as a conve-  
nience to the end user. If the designer wishes to preclude  
any possible resynchronization, the presence of the sync  
code allows the decoder to detect any synchronization at-  
tempt.  
configured in EEPR0M. If TxPol  
0, the TX output pin will  
e
‘‘0’’ appears as data in a frame. Conversely, if TxPoI  
1,  
the TX output pin will be at a logic high when no frame is  
transmitted, or when a ‘‘1’’ appears as data in a frame.  
This option allows the designer to choose between a config-  
uration where a logic ‘‘1’’ represents power transmission  
(for example, when an RF stage is activated by driving the  
base of an NPN transistor), and a configuration where a  
logic ‘‘0’’ represents power transmission (for example, when  
Since the length of several fields is adjustable, there are  
several possibilities for the length of a sync frame. The  
shortest possible sync frame is 45 bits, and the longest pos-  
sible sync frame is 96 bits. 40 bits of start code, 4 bits of  
sync code, and 1 stop bit are always present.  
an IR LED is connected between V  
and the TX output).  
CC  
The composition of a sync frame is shown in Figure 5.  
Data Frames  
0/11 bits 0/8 bits 0/20/24 bits  
4 bits  
24/36 bits 0/8 bits  
1 bit  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator transmits the encrypt-  
ed data it generates as data frames. These frames are  
transmitted through an IR or RF transmitter stage using the  
bit coding format selected.  
Sync  
Field  
Key ID  
Field  
Data  
Field  
Dynamic  
Code  
Parity  
Field  
Stop  
Bit  
Preamble  
FIGURE 4. Normal Data Frame Configuration  
The NM95HS01/02 transmits two types of data frames: a  
normal data frame, and a synchronization (sync) frame. The  
format of each frame is similar, but there are slight differenc-  
es to suit the purposes of each. Normal data frames are  
used to transmit encoded data in general operation. Sync  
frames are used to synchronize (or initialize) the HiSeC to its  
decoder.  
0/11 bits 0/8 bits 0/20/24 bits  
4 bits  
40 bits  
0/8 bits  
1 bit  
Sync  
Field  
Key ID  
Field  
Sync  
Code  
Start  
Code  
Parity  
Field  
Stop  
Bit  
Preamble  
FIGURE 5. Sync Frame Configuration  
Data Frame Fields  
Data frames are comprised of a number of different fields.  
Each field occupies a fixed position in the data frame, and  
serves a specific purpose. Most data fields are user-configu-  
rable to some extent. The user may enable/disable the  
presence of a field, control its length, or modify its format.  
The user also has several options available to tailor the data  
frame transmission format, such as pause time between  
frames, and time-out time. Options are configured by pro-  
gramming the on-chip EEPR0M array. The content and for-  
mat of each of the fields is discussed below.  
Data frames are comprised of a number of data fields. Each  
field occupies a fixed position in the data frame, and serves  
a specific purpose. Most data fields are user-configurable by  
programming the on-chip EEPROM array. The content and  
format of each field is discussed below, as well as the EEP-  
ROM options available.  
All data frame fields are transmitted Most Significant Bit  
first.  
THE PREAMBLE  
NORMAL DATA FRAME  
The user has the option of allowing a preamble to be trans-  
mitted as the first frame of either a normal data frame or a  
sync frame. This option is enabled/disabled by setting the  
PreamblePresent bit in the EEPROM array. PreamblePre-  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator transmits normal data  
frames in general operating mode. Frame transmission be-  
gins each time a key switch is asserted, and continues as  
long as the key is held down. The device has an option to  
terminate transmitting data frames, and go into halt mode, if  
e
e
sent  
sent  
0 means no preamble is transmitted. PreamblePre-  
1 means an 11-bit preamble is transmitted as de-  
a
key is held down for more than 80 seconds (if the  
TlMEOUTEN feature has been enabled).  
scribed below.  
The purpose of the preamble is to generate a relatively long,  
a
The normal data frame format contains both dynamic code  
and key application data (in the data field). Since the length  
of several fields is adjustable, there are several possibilities  
for the length of the data frame. The shortest possible nor-  
mal data frame is 29 bits, and the longest possible normal  
data frame is 92 bits. 24 bits of dynamic code, 4 bits of key  
application data, and 1 stop bit are always present.  
clearly recognizable bit pattern to give the decoder  
chance to ‘‘wake up’’ and configure its logic circuits and  
registers. This allows the receiver to be placed in a standby  
mode to conserve power for battery applications.  
The preamble is only transmitted once as the first frame of a  
data transmission, regardless of how long the key is held  
down, although the remaining frames of the data transmis-  
sion (including any inter-frame pauses) will continue to re-  
peat as long as the key remains depressed.  
The composition of a normal data frame is shown in Figure 4.  
SYNC FRAME  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator transmits sync  
frames only in sync mode so that it can synchronize itself  
with its decoder. This mode occurs only during initialization  
of the device, or after holding a key down for more than 10  
seconds (if the AutoResync feature has been enabled).  
7
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Data Frame Fields (Continued)  
The preamble has a fixed format of two bit times at system  
logic high, then one-bit time at system logic low, then eight  
zeroes using the user-selected bit coding format. This ar-  
rangement is clearly shown inFigure 6 for several bit coding  
formats.  
The sync field data is programmable, and can be encoded  
with any user-selected bit coding format, or with an NRZ  
(unencoded binary) bit format. The option to select between  
a user bit coding format and NRZ format is set by configur-  
e
ing the SyncType bit in the EEPROM array. If SyncType  
0, sync field data is sent according to the user-selected IR  
If desired, a preamble may be isolated from the frame by  
eight-bit times at logic low during a frame transmission. This  
can be achieved by enabling the sync field in NRZ mode  
with the byte 0h.  
e
or RF bit coding format. If SyncType  
1, the information is  
sent in NRZ format with the bit length determined by the  
chosen IR or RF bit coding format.  
For NRZ bit coding, both high and low bit times are the  
same as the IR or RF bit coding time. For bit coding modes  
where the ‘‘1’’s and ‘‘0’’s have different bit lengths Ð all IR  
modes for example Ð the length of the NRZ ‘‘1’’ and ‘‘0’’  
bits have correspondingly different bit lengths.  
SYNC FIELD  
If enabled, the sync field is transmitted in every normal data  
frame or sync frame to provide a bit timing reference for the  
rest of the frame. This allows the decoder to determine the  
proper bit coding format the generator is using, and to syn-  
chronize to it.  
RF bit coding format 7 is a special case. As in the other  
e
formats, if SyncType 0, information is sent according to  
the user-set IR or RF bit coding format. However, if Sync-  
The sync field option is set with the SyncPresent bit in the  
e
1 an 8-bit sync field is included in the data  
EEPROM array. If SyncPresent  
e
0, no sync field is sent. If  
e
Type  
1, a ‘‘0’’ is sent using the bit coding determined by  
SyncPresent  
the IR or RF coding format, and a ‘‘1’’ is sent as an NRZ  
zero. This is to maintain the ‘‘spirit’’ of the low duty cycle  
arrangement for RF format 7.  
transmission. This 8-bit field is transmitted Most Significant  
Bit first.  
Figure 7 shows sync field examples for several bit coding  
formats.  
TL/D/1230217  
FIGURE 6. Preamble Format Examples  
TL/D/1230218  
FIGURE 7. Sync Field ExampIes for Data Byte 03h  
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8
Data Frame Fields (Continued)  
KEY ID FIELD  
DYNAMIC CODE FIELD  
The key ID field is another user option. Both its presence  
and the length of its field can be configured in EEPROM. If  
The dynamic code field is transmitted with every frame, and  
e
its length is programmable. If DynSize  
0, a 24-bit field is  
e
1, a 36-bit field is sent. Its function is to  
e
frame. If FixPresent  
FixPresent  
0, no key ID field will be transmitted with the  
e
sent; if DynSize  
1, a 24-bit field will be transmitted.  
provide a secure dynamic code which changes with each  
new transmission. The field is the result of combining the  
11-, 13-, and 16-bit CRC registers using non-linear logic and  
feedback. The result of this process is stored in the  
The contents of the key ID field are programmable by the  
user. Its purpose is to provide a unique identification code  
for each user key to allow a decoder to identify a particular  
key in applications where a decoder may be configured for  
multiple keys. Since the key ID register allows 24 bits, there  
e
24-/36-bit buffer register. If DynSize  
0, 24 of the possible  
36 bits are transmitted in the field. Increasing the field  
length provides additional security.  
24  
are 2 possible key combinations. Each user key will be  
unique, and take full advantage of the HiSeC Generator’s  
high security coding scheme.  
The start code field in a sync frame is a special case of the  
dynamic code field. In sync mode, 40 bits of data are sent  
regardless of the setting of the DynSize bit.  
e
0, the 20-bit field is  
The field size is selected with the FixSize bit. If FixSize  
e
1,  
the 24-bit field is selected. If FixSize  
PARITY FIELD  
selected. Since a full 24 bits are allowed in the Key ID regis-  
ter, the NM95HS01/02 will transmit the most significant 20  
The parity field is an 8-bit field that is transmitted with every  
frame to ensure data integrity. It is a user option that is  
e
lected bit coding format.  
bits if FixSize  
0. The field is transmitted in the user-se-  
e
enabled by setting ParityPresent  
1.  
The parity check is a bytewise exclusive OR-ing of all the  
bytes in the data frame from the sync field to the dynamic  
code field. The preamble, parity field and stop bit are not  
included. In practice, the parity process works as follows: bit  
m of the 8-bit parity field is a modulo 2 addition of the data  
DATA FIELD  
The data field is transmitted with every frame. It has several  
uses, which are discussed here.  
The primary use of the data field is to indicate which key  
switch has been pressed. Since each key switch input can  
be associated with a particular application, the decoder can  
determine which function to initiate.  
a
a
frame bits m, m 8, m 16, . . . to the end of the frame. If  
the addition of the ‘‘1’’s in these bits is odd, bit m of the  
parity field is set to ‘‘1’’. If the addition is even, bit m is set to  
‘‘0’’. This process is continued for all 8 parity bits.  
The data field is 4 bits long, and each key switch input is  
associated with a particular bit in the field. If any key switch  
is pressed, its corresponding bit in the data field will be seen  
as a ‘‘1’’. Any key switch not pressed is seen as a default  
‘‘0’’. Key bits are transmitted in the order: K1, K2, K3, K4.  
The sync code field in the sync frame is a special case of  
the data field, and is found in the same position in the data  
frame. In any sync frame, the sync code is always 0000, so  
the decoder can always distinguish between a normal data  
frame and a sync frame. Since each bit represents a key,  
and a data frame is initiated as a result of pressing a key, it  
is not possible to have all zeroes in a normal data frame.  
If the frame is not byte aligned, the parity field is calculated  
by zero extending the last four bits, calculating the bytewise  
exclusive OR-ing of all the bytes as described above, then  
swapping the higher and lower nibbles to give the correct  
parity.  
STOP BIT  
The stop bit is present in all frames. It is used to delimit the  
end of the frame for bit formats that require a definite end. It  
is necessary for formats that end with a long zero pulse. IR  
modes require a stop bit to distinguish between a ‘‘0’’ and a  
‘‘1’’ in the next-to-last bit of a frame. The stop bit is read as  
a ‘‘1’’, and is added for all modes.  
The data field can also serve as a low battery indicator. This  
is an option which can be enabled by setting the Compar-  
DATA FRAME SEQUENCING AND TRANSMISSION  
e
eEnable bit. If CompareEnable  
1, and the NM95HS01/02  
detects a low battery level, the device will signal that fact by  
alternating between transmitting normal data frames with  
the correct key usage information, and transmitting normal  
data frames with a data field of 1111. In the first data frame,  
the data field will represent the true state of the four key  
inputs. In the next frame, this field will be all ones. This  
sequence will be repeated as long as frames are being  
transmitted. For sync frames, this field will not alternate, and  
the data will remain 0000 regardless of the battery level.  
The NM95HS01/02 becomes operational any time a key is  
pressed. When this happens, the code generator logic is  
clocked to randomize the data and generate a new rolling  
code. Once the code is generated, data frames using this  
new code are repeatedly transmitted over the TX output pin  
as long as the key remains pressed. These data frames are  
separated by a pause whose length is programmable.  
The transmission sequence is always begun by a preamble  
if this option is enabled. The preamble is only transmitted  
once, since its function is to wake the decoder from sleep  
mode if it is powered down for battery conservation. The  
preamble is then followed by a data frame, pause, data  
frame, pause, . . . etc.  
e
Setting CompareEnable  
option.  
0 disables the low battery detect  
9
http://www.national.com  
Data Frame Fields (Continued)  
TRANSMISSION INDICATION  
HiSeC GENERATOR TIMER BLOCK  
Both the LED and RFEN signals can be used to indicate  
HiSeC rolling code transmission. The LED output is active  
low during the transmission of a pause, whereas the RFEN  
output is active low during transmission of either a frame or  
a pause. Either output may be used to provide a visual indi-  
Bit timing and several function operating times are set in the  
generator through a user programmable timer block. This  
timer block is used to provide IR and RF bit timing signals,  
the interframe pause time, the AutoResync timing period,  
and the time-out delay.  
cation of transmission by connecting an LED between V  
and LED or RFEN.  
CC  
The NM95HS01/02 timer block consists of three program-  
mable 6-bit prescalers and a fixed 16-bit prescaler. The in-  
put to Prescaler1 is (/4 of the frequency of CKI. The output is  
the IR clock. This signal becomes the input to Prescaler2.  
The output from Prescaler2 is the RF clock. This signal then  
becomes the input to Prescaler3. The output from Prescal-  
er3 is a target value of 2.5 ms. Finally. this 2.5 ms timing  
signal becomes the input to the fixed 16-bit prescaler. There  
are several outputs from this prescaler. The 2.5 ms is divid-  
ed by 4, 4096 and 32768, and these times are used to set  
the key debounce time (10 ms), the AutoResync time  
If the low battery detect option is enabled, and the battery is  
low, the LED output is active only during the pause following  
the first frame of a new code transmission. It is not active on  
successive pauses, in order to conserve power.  
Operational Timing Issues  
DATA FRAME PAUSE LENGTH  
After the complete transmission of a data frame, a pause is  
inserted before the next data frame is transmitted. The  
pause length can be modifed by configuring the 2-bit Pause-  
Length parameter in EEPR0M. PauseLength is broken down  
into two single bit parameters, Pause1 and Pause0. Avail-  
able configuration options are shown in Table III.  
l
respectively.  
l
10 sec), and the generator time-out period ( 80 sec),  
(
The NM95HS01/02 timer block is shown in Figure 8.  
The purpose of the prescalers is to provide various timing  
signals to the state machines in the generator. The IR clock  
is used as a time base for the various IR bit coding formats.  
The RF clock is used for RF bit coding formats. A program-  
mable bit called SCLK determines whether the IR clock  
TABLE III. Pause Length Select Options  
PAUSE1  
PAUSE0  
Function  
Pause Time  
e
e
1) is used as the bit  
(SCLK  
0) or the RF clock (SCLK  
c
c
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
8
P3 Output  
P3 Output  
No Pause  
20 ms  
timing time base. In addition to SCLK, the system designer  
can program Prescaler1, Prescaler2 and Prescaler3 sepa-  
rately to set the necessary division factors. Since each of  
these prescalers is 6 bits, permissible values range from 2  
to 64.  
c
20 P3 Output  
50 ms  
c
50 P3 Output  
100 ms  
HiSeC GENERATOR TIME-OUT  
If the NM95HS01/02 time-out option is enabled  
The system designer must set the programmable prescalers  
to meet the necessary timing requirements for all the func-  
tions discussed above. All of these timings are interdepen-  
dent.  
e
(TIMEOUTEN  
1), the device will enter halt mode 80 sec-  
onds after a key is first activated, regardless of whether the  
key is still being pressed. This option guards against the  
condition that a key may be stuck low, which could drain the  
Figure 9 provides the basis for an example in calculating the  
necessary timing for these functions, and setting the timer  
block appropriately.  
e
transmit data frames as long as a key is pressed.  
battery. If TIMEOUTEN  
0, the generator will continue to  
TL/D/1230219  
FIGURE 8. The NM95HS01/02 Timer Block  
TL/D/1230220  
FIGURE 9. NM95HS01/02 Timer Block Example  
http://www.national.com  
10  
Operational Timing Issues (Continued)  
As an example, consider the following situation. A designer  
wishes to design an RF data transmitter using RF bit coding  
format 5 with a bit time of 1 ms. The designer also wishes to  
use a 3 MHz crystal oscillator as the system clock.  
tor assumes a 6V battery, and sets the low battery detect  
e
the comparator assumes a 3V battery, and sets the low  
battery detect region to approximately 2.2V to 2.4V.  
region to approximately 4.4V to 4.8V. If BatteryType  
0,  
The required bit time of 1 ms encompasses three RF clock  
periods for RF bit coding format 5. Therefore, the RF clock  
Data output signals are sampled for low voltage at the start  
of the data field during frame transmission. If a low battery  
voltage level is detected, and the detect option is enabled,  
the LED will signal the condition by flashing at the first  
pause in the data frame transmission, and alternating nor-  
mal data field data with a data field containing all ones. This  
procedure is explained more fully in the Data Field section.  
e
time needs to be (/3 of 1 ms ( 333 ms). The timer block has  
a target value of 2.5 ms (2500 ms) as the output of Prescal-  
er3. Since the RF clock signal is divided by Prescaler3, Pre-  
e
scaler3 divides the signal by 2500/333  
rounded off to become 8.  
7.5. This figure is  
One point of possible confusion should be clarified here.  
Whenever a division value is calculated for any of the 3  
prescalers, the prescaler should be configured with one unit  
less than that division value. For example, in this case, we  
calculated a division value of 8 (after rounding) for Prescal-  
Security Aspects  
The basis of the HiSeC Generator is to provide a means  
of communicating information between the device and its  
decoder across some distance. Since data is transmitted  
at a distance, there is a possibility of signal interception  
and unauthorized use of the data by a third party. The  
NM95HS01/02 has been designed to provide such a high  
level of complexity and correlation immunity that intercept-  
ing the signal is immaterial.  
b
er3. Therefore, Prescaler3 should be programmed with 8  
e
1
7.  
Next we calculate values for Prescaler1 and Prescaler2.  
Although the crystal oscillator uses both the CKI and CKO  
pins, only the CKI input is relevant here. The CKI input fre-  
quency is 3 MHz, and (/4 of that is 0.75 MHz. This is the  
input frequency to the HiSeC timer block, and the corre-  
sponding timing signal is 1.33 ms.  
INITIALIZATION/SYNCHRONIZATION  
Initialization is the process of synchronizing the gen-  
erator with its decoder for the first time. The NM95HS01/02  
uses the following procedure to initialize the device.  
Since the RF clock must be 333 ms, Prescalers1 and 2 to-  
e
gether must divide by 333/1.33  
250. A convenient choice  
The user inserts a new battery into the HiSeC-based device,  
which causes the LED to light. The LED also has a second-  
ary function for synchronization and initialization proce-  
dures. It will light to prompt the end user that it expects  
some action, and therefore serves as a guide.  
would be to make Prescaler1 divide by 10 and Prescaler2  
divide by 25.  
b
e
9, and Prescal-  
Therefore, load Prescaler1 with 10  
e
24.  
1
b
er2 with 25  
1
When the LED lights, the user presses a key. The LED will  
go off as the generator begins randomizing its registers, and  
configuring its internal logic. When the user releases the  
key, the LED will light a second time. This is a signal for the  
user to press a key again. This second action shifts the  
generator into sync mode. This causes the NM95HS01/02  
to transmit at least four sync frames, allowing the decoder  
to synchronize to the generator. The generator then exits  
sync mode, and is ready tor normal operation.  
DEBOUNCE LOGIC  
The key switch input signals are connected to the debounce  
logic block, which continuously polls the inputs to determine  
if a key switch has been asserted. If a key switch has been  
asserted, its normally high input will be seen as a low. lf the  
input is seen low for four continuous debounce strobe sig-  
nals, it is considered to be a stable signal, and its associat-  
ed output from the debounce logic block is set high. This  
enables the generator control logic, and a code is generat-  
ed and transmitted.  
RESYNCHRONIZATION  
This debounced output signal is deasserted as soon as the  
key is released and its signal goes high again. This assumes  
normal operation. However, if a key remained pressed for a  
long time, the generator might time-out before seeing the  
If synchronization is lost between the generator and its de-  
coder, resynchronization is accomplished using a sync  
frame. A sync frame is generated in two cases: when the  
battery is removed and replaced, or the user initiates an  
initialization procedure by holding Key Switch 1 and Key  
Switch 2 simultaneously for 5 seconds.  
e
signal go high again (if TIMEOUTEN  
1). The generator  
would then enter halt mode even if the key remained  
pressed. The generator would come out of halt mode when  
it saw the falling edge of another key input, which would  
occur when another key is pressed.  
A sync frame provides the decoder with enough information  
to ‘‘learn’’ the key and synchronize to it.  
For the highest possible security protection, resynchroniza-  
tion can be completely excluded by configuring the decoder  
to recognize, and refuse to act upon, the transmission of a  
sync frame. The sync frame format is discussed more fully  
elsewhere, but briefly, it can be recognized by the presence  
of all zeroes in the data field. In this case, if synchronization  
is lost between the generator and decoder, they could not  
be made to function together.  
LOW BATTERY DETECT OPTION  
The NM95HS01/02 contains an internal comparator circuit  
that detects low battery voltage, and indicates this condition  
to the data frame generator. The CompareEnable parame-  
e
ter in EEPROM enables this function (CompareEnable  
1). During halt mode, the comparator is switched off com-  
pletely to minimize power consumption. The BatteryType  
parameter in EEPROM selects the threshold voltage range  
e
for the comparator. If BatteryType  
1, the compara-  
11  
http://www.national.com  
Security Aspects  
NORMAL OPERATION  
Generator Clock Design  
Parameters  
Tables IV, V, and VI provide a basis for selecting component  
values for both the RC clocked generator (NM95HS01) and  
the crystal (XTAL) oscillator clocked generator  
(NM95HS02).  
Once the NM95HS01/02 has been initialized, the device will  
generate and transmit a new code each time a key is  
pressed. If a key is held down, the same frame (plus any  
pauses between frames) is transmitted repeatedly. If the  
key is held down for longer than 80 seconds, the generator  
will go into halt mode to conserve battery power, and will  
stop transmitting data frames (if the TIMEOUTEN option is  
enabled).  
The component values shown in the tables have been cho-  
sen for low cost, general availability, and reliable operation.  
Components are referenced to the circuit schematics  
shown in Figure 3. Though there is some flexibility in select-  
ing alternate values, there are constraints on permissible  
component values.  
Another option available during normal generator operation  
is the ability to generate a resync after a key has been  
pressed for more than 10 seconds (if the AutoResync op-  
tion is enabled). This option allows the end user to resyn-  
chronize the generator if necessary, without having to re-  
move and replace the battery.  
All resistors and capacitors should be kept within the follow-  
s
s
s
s
C 200 pF.  
x
ing ranges; 3 kX  
R
x
200 kX and 50 pF  
TABLE IV. RC Clock Components,  
e
5V6.5V  
e
T
25 C, V  
§
A
CC  
FORWARD CALCULATION AND CODE WINDOWS  
R (kX)  
3.3  
C (pF)  
82  
CKI (MHz)  
2.122.32  
1.11.17  
0.90.95  
CKI (ns)  
470430  
870850  
11001050  
Aside from using a sync frame, there is another way to en-  
sure the NM95HS01/02 remains in sync with its decoder  
during normal operation. The decoder can perform a for-  
ward calculation to predict what the next generator codes  
will be. This is an important point, and should be considered  
carefully in designing the decoding system.  
5.6  
100  
100  
6.8  
In a well-designed system, the decoder should be able to  
calculate forward for some reasonable number of codes,  
and store the results for future reference. This allows the  
decoder to remain in sync even if it misses one or more  
codes from the generator. This could occur if the receiver  
did not receive a transmission clearly, or if someone activat-  
ed the keys outside the range of the receiver.  
TABLE V. RC Clock Components,  
e
2.5V  
e
T
25 C, V  
§
A
CC  
R (kX)  
3.3  
C (pF)  
82  
CKI (MHz)  
1.531.6  
0.9–1  
CKI (ns)  
650600  
5.6  
100  
100  
11001000  
12501200  
Increasing the depth of this code window would allow the  
decoder to miss a greater number of codes from the gener-  
ator, and still remain in sync. One method for implementing  
a code window is to include a MICROWIRETM EEPROM  
(such as the NM93Cx6) in the decoder design, and store the  
codes in memory. This becomes even more important if the  
decoder is designed to accomodate several HiSeC genera-  
tor devices. In this case, the decoder should have a code  
window available for each device.  
6.8  
0.80.83  
TABLE VI. XTAL Clock Components,  
e
e
T
25 C, V  
§
2.5V6.5V  
CKI (MHz)  
4
A
CC  
R1 (MX)  
C1 (pF)  
C2 (pF)  
CKI (ns)  
1
30  
3036  
250  
http://www.national.com  
12  
Generator Clock Design Parameters (Continued)  
TABLE VII. NM95HS01/02 EEPROM Array Configuration and Definitions  
Parameter  
AutoResync  
LEDSEL  
Bits  
1
Address  
Byte 0, bit 7  
Byte 0, bit 6  
Function  
l
Allows user to send a sync frame by holding a key down for 10 seconds  
1
Determines whether RFEN/LED or CKO/LED is the LED connect pin for the  
NM95HS02  
BatteryType  
TIMEOUTEN  
1
1
2
Byte 0, bit 5  
Selects between 3V and 6V battery voltage  
l
Disables data transmission if key is depressed 80 seconds  
Byte 0, bit 4  
Pause Length  
Byte 0, bits 3–2  
Sets the pause time between data frames during data transmission  
(0/20/50/100) ms  
(Pause0/Pause1)  
FactoryDisableBit  
WriteDisableBit  
PreamblePresent  
SyncType  
1
1
1
1
Byte 0, bit 1  
Byte 0, bit 0  
Byte 1, bit 7  
Byte 1, bit 6  
Disables ability to write to Byte 12  
Enables/disables ability to write into EEPROM array  
Enables/disables presence of preamble field  
Determines if sync field is sent in user-selected IR/RF format or default NRZ  
format  
SyncPresent  
FixSize  
1
1
1
1
1
1
Byte 1, bit 5  
Byte 1, bit 4  
Byte 1, bit 3  
Byte 1, bit 2  
Byte 1, bit 1  
Byte 1, bit 0  
Enables/disables presence of sync field  
Determines length of Key ID field (0/20/24 bits)  
Enables/disables presence of Key ID field  
Determines length of Dynamic Code field (24/36 bits)  
Enables/disables presence of parity field  
Enables/disables low battery detect option  
FixPresent  
DynSize  
ParityPresent  
CompareEnable  
BitTransmitFormat  
IRSel  
Selects among the 12 possible IR/RF bit coding formats  
Selects between IR and RF bit coding formats  
1
3
Byte 2, bit 7  
PRSeI2,1,0  
Byte 2, bits 6–4  
Used with IRSeI to select particular bit coding format  
TxPol  
SCLK  
1
1
Byte 2, bit 3  
Byte 2, bit 2  
Sets the quiescent output state and data logic level on the TX output pin  
Determines whether the IR clock or RF clock is used as the bit timing time  
base  
Prescaler3  
Prescaler2  
6
6
Byte 2, bits 1–0  
Byte 3, bits 7–4  
Sets interframe delay time and key debounce time (Also generates timeout  
delay time)  
Byte 3, bits 3–0  
Byte 4, bits 7–6  
Sets RF Clock timing  
Prescaler1  
6
24  
24  
8
Byte 4, bits 5–0  
Bytes 5–7  
Bytes 810  
Byte 11  
Sets IR Clock timing  
DynamicCode  
KeyIDCode  
SyncFieldCode  
Reserved  
Sets initial configuration of the Rolling Code registers  
Sets user-configurable key identification register  
Sets configuration of sync field register  
8
Byte 12  
Reserved for factory use Ð unique customized algorithm option  
Note: The first bit clocked into the device is Byte 0, bit 7. The seventh and eight bits are the chip disable bits. Once they are set, and V is removed, the chip will  
CC  
be disabled.  
13  
http://www.national.com  
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)  
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,  
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales  
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.  
a
300 C  
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)  
ESD Rating  
§
2000V  
Ambient Operating Temperature  
NM95HS01/NM95HS02  
NM95HS01E/NM95HS02E  
b
a
65 C to 150 C  
Ambient Storage Temperature  
§
Input or Output Voltages with Respect to Ground  
§
a
0 C to 70 C  
§
§
§
b
a
40 C to 85 C  
§
2.2V to 6.5V  
b
a
0.5V to 7V  
All except K1 or K2  
K1 or K2  
Power Supply (V ) Range  
CC  
b
a
0.5V to 13V  
NM95HS01/02 DC and AC Electrical Characteristics  
V
s
s
6.5V (unless otherwise specified)  
2.2V  
CC  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
2.5  
Typ  
5.0  
Max  
Units  
V
CC  
V
RW  
V
SV  
Supply Voltage  
Read/Write Voltage  
Supervoltage  
6.5  
5.5  
V
V
V
4.5  
5.0  
(Note 2)  
11.5  
12.0  
12.5  
I
Supply Current  
CC  
e
e
e
e
e
Halt Mode (3.0V) (Note 2)  
Halt Mode (6.0V)  
Normal Mode  
CKI  
CKI  
CKI  
0 MHz, V  
0 MHz, V  
3.0V  
6.0V  
0.1  
0.5  
1
1
2
3
mA  
mA  
mA  
CC  
CC  
e
4.1 MHz, V  
CC  
6V  
V
V
Input Voltage (High)  
CKI: Logic High  
0.8 V  
0.7 V  
V
V
IH  
CC  
All Others; Logic High  
CC  
Input Voltage (Low)  
CKI: Logic Low  
0.2 V  
0.2 V  
V
V
IL  
CC  
All Others: Logic Low  
CC  
e
e
e
0V  
I
I
I
Pullup Current  
V
CC  
V
CC  
6V, V  
IN  
35  
120  
250  
1
mA  
mA  
P
e
Leakage Current (RFEN)  
6V, RFEN  
6V  
RF  
Output Current  
OUT  
e
e
e
e
Source (Push-Pull)  
Sink (Push-Pull)  
V
V
4.5V, V  
4.5V, V  
3.3V  
0.4V  
10  
15  
mA  
mA  
CC  
OH  
CC  
OL  
t
Power Supply Rise Time  
1 ms  
10 ms  
10 ms  
20  
PS  
I
Max. Sink-Source Current per Pin  
Comparator Threshold Voltage  
mA  
MP  
e
e
V
BattType  
BattType  
0 (3V)  
1 (6V)  
2.2  
4.4  
2.4  
4.8  
V
V
TH  
e
a
t
WLW  
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
K1 Initiate Write Time  
Write Time High  
t
WW  
t
40  
20  
20  
20  
20  
10  
10  
10  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ns  
WW  
WHW  
WHW  
WLW  
SW  
Write Time Low  
K2 Setup Time  
K2 Hold Time  
HW  
Program Write Time  
Supervoltage Low to Clock High Time  
Clock Low to Supervolt High Time  
Exit Write Time  
PW  
CKIHSW  
SVLW  
XW  
10  
Data Setup Time  
100  
100  
DSW  
DHW  
WR  
Data Hold Time  
ns  
e
a
t
WLR  
Initiate K1 Read Time  
Read Time High  
t
WR  
t
40  
20  
20  
ms  
ms  
ms  
ms  
WHR  
WHR  
WLR  
CKIHSR  
Read Time Low  
Start Read Time  
10  
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14  
NM95HS01/02 DC and AC Electrical Characteristics  
V
s
s
6.5V (unless otherwise specified) (Continued)  
2.5V  
CC  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
XTAL Clock  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Units  
t
t
t
Clock Period Time  
(Note 4)  
2000  
2000  
DC  
DC  
ns  
ns  
CKI  
RC Clock  
Clock High Time  
(Note 4)  
XTAL Clock  
RC Clock  
1000  
1000  
DC  
DC  
ns  
ns  
CKIH  
CKIL  
Clock Low Time  
(Note 4)  
XTAL Clock  
RC Clock  
1000  
1000  
DC  
DC  
ns  
ns  
e
a
t
DALR  
t
t
t
t
t
Data Access Time  
t
t
1.1  
ms  
ns  
ms  
ms  
ms  
DAR  
DALR  
ENDR  
SVLR  
XR  
DAR  
CKIH  
Data Access Time Low  
End Read Time  
100  
10  
10  
10  
K1 Supervoltage Low Time (Read)  
Exit Read Time  
Note 1: Stresses above those listed under ‘‘Absolute Maximum Ratings’’ may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and functional  
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute  
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.  
k
Note 2: The standby current of 1 mA is tested at 3V. During HALT Mode only a very small current is required to maintain the code in the shift registers. HALT  
mode is exited by depressing one of the input keys.  
Note 3: The clock rate used to program the NM95HS01/02 is generally less than the normal operating mode clock rate, and should be temporarily reduced as  
necessary to meet the programming specifications shown here. For example, a generator might normally operate at 4 MHz, but should be programmed at  
s
0.5 MHz (2000 ns).  
Note 4: Parameter characterized but not 100% tested.  
e a  
e
1 MHz (Note 2)  
Capacitance T  
25 C, f  
§
A
Symbol  
Test  
Max  
7
Units  
C
C
Input Capacitance  
0utput Capacitance  
pF  
pF  
IN  
12  
OUT  
Typical Halt Mode Current (nA) vs Voltage over Temperature  
TL/D/1230223  
15  
http://www.national.com  
Timing Diagrams  
Write Mode  
TL/D/1230221  
Read Mode  
TL/D/1230222  
http://www.national.com  
16  
pulses applied to CKI to initialize the part. (See Timing Dia-  
gram on pg. 16.) After this initialization, K2 is brought to  
supervoltage. K1 is then brought to supervoltage. Now K2 is  
Programming the NM95HS01/02  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator uses four pins to read  
and write the 13 bytes of on-chip EEPROM. These are the  
Key1 (K1), Key2 (K2), TX, and CKI pins. K1 functions as the  
chip select line, K2 functions as the data strobe, CKI serves  
as the serial clock, and TX acts as the data out pin.  
brought back to V , then K1 is brought back to V . The  
RW RW  
NM95HS01/02 is now in Write mode.  
To program the first byte, set K1 back to supervoltage, and  
place the first byte of data (V and V pulses) onto K2  
IH IL  
Three voltage levels are required to program the device:  
Supervoltage (V ), Read/Write voltage (V ), and Ground  
SV RW  
(starting with the Least Significant Bit). As each bit is placed  
on K2, clock the CKI pin to latch the bit. When all bits of the  
(0V). Supervoltage is used to select Read and Write modes  
in the device. These modes can only be entered by applying  
supervoltage to K1 and K2. This alleviates the risk of the  
device entering these modes during normal operation.  
first byte have been latched in, set K1 to V , and poll the  
RW  
TX output pin for  
a logic low. This confirms the  
NM95HS01/02 has written the byte to memory. Repeat this  
sequence to program the remainder of the bytes. When all  
13 bytes have been programmed, set K1 and K2 to 0V to  
end Write mode.  
The programming protocol for the NM95HS01/02 on-chip  
EEPROM array was designed to match National Semicon-  
ductor’s MICROWIRE format closely. However, there are  
several differences. One is the need to use a supervoltage  
to select modes. Another concerns the CKI clock input.  
Upon power-up, the NM95HS01/02 CKI input must be  
clocked a minimum of 1500 times to ensure the part is ready  
for programming. This allows the internal state machines  
and registers to perform their necessary power-on se-  
quences. (See Table VII.)  
Read Mode  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator can be placed in  
Read mode by applying supervoltage to K1. Upon power-  
up, both K1 and K2 must be set to V , and a minimum of  
RW  
1500 clock pulses applied to CKI to initialize the part. (See  
Timing Diagram on pg. 16.) After this initialization, K1 is  
brought to supervoltage. Then K1 is brought back to V  
The NM95HS01/02 is now in Read mode.  
.
RW  
Write Mode  
The NM95HS01/02 HiSeC Generator can be placed in  
Write mode when supervoltage is applied to both K1 and K2  
in a specific sequence. Upon power-up, both K1 and K2  
To read the first byte, set K1 back to supervoltage, and  
clock the CKI pin 8 times, while polling TX. EEPROM data is  
sent Most Significant Bit first. Continue clocking CKI to read  
the remainder of the bytes. When all 13 bytes have been  
must be set to  
V , and a minimum of 1500 clock  
RW  
read, set K1 back to V . Set K1 and K2 to 0V to end Read  
RW  
mode.  
Programmer Support for NM95HS01/02  
Worldwide third party support is provided by:  
Vendor  
Contact Number  
Xeltek  
Europe: 49-5722-203-125 (Germany)  
America: 408-524-1929  
Asia: 65-296-6433 (Singapore)  
BBS: 408-245-7082  
SuperPro-EM  
Universal  
Programmer  
National Semiconductor  
NM95HS-PRO-X  
Americas: 800-272-9959  
System General  
Turpro-1 Univeral  
Device Programmer  
Switzerland: 31-921-7844  
America: 408-263-6667/800-967-4776  
Taiwan: 886-2-917-3015  
BBS: 408-262-6438  
Hi-Lo ALL-07  
Asia: 886-2764-0215  
America: 510-623-3850  
Evalutation kit support for NM95HS01/02. A demonstration kit for the  
HiSeC High Security Rolling Code Generator is available:  
National Semiconductor  
NM95HSEV  
NM95HSPRO  
HiSeC Evaluation Board  
HiSeC Single Site Programmer  
17  
http://www.national.com  
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted  
8-Lead (0.150 Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC  
×
Order Number NM95HS01M8 or NM95HS02M8  
NS Package Number M08A  
14-Lead (0.150 Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC  
×
Order Number NM95HS01M14 or NM95HS02M14  
NS Package Number M14A  
http://www.national.com  
18  
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)  
8-Lead Dual-In-Line Package  
Order Number NM95HS01N, NM95HS01EN, NM95HS02N or NM95HS02EN  
NS Package Number N08E  
14-Lead (0.300 Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package  
×
Order Number NM95HS01N14 or NM95HS02N14  
NS Package Number N14A  
19  
http://www.national.com  
Physical Dimensions all dimensions are in millimeters (Continued)  
14-Lead Molded Thin Shrink Small Outline Package, JEDEC  
Order Number NM95HS01MT14/NM95HS02MT14  
NS Package Number MTC14  
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY  
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT  
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL  
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:  
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or  
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant  
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose  
failure to perform, when properly used in accordance  
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can  
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury  
to the user.  
2. A critical component is any component of a life  
support device or system whose failure to perform can  
be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life  
support device or system, or to affect its safety or  
effectiveness.  
National Semiconductor  
Corporation  
National Semiconductor  
Europe  
National Semiconductor  
Hong Kong Ltd.  
National Semiconductor  
Japan Ltd.  
a
1111 West Bardin Road  
Arlington, TX 76017  
Tel: 1(800) 272-9959  
Fax: 1(800) 737-7018  
Fax: 49 (0) 180-530 85 86  
13th Floor, Straight Block,  
Ocean Centre, 5 Canton Rd.  
Tsimshatsui, Kowloon  
Hong Kong  
Tel: (852) 2737-1600  
Fax: (852) 2736-9960  
Tel: 81-043-299-2308  
Fax: 81-043-299-2408  
@
Email: europe.support nsc.com  
a
Deutsch Tel: 49 (0) 180-530 85 85  
a
English Tel: 49 (0) 180-532 78 32  
a
Fran3ais Tel: 49 (0) 180-532 93 58  
a
Italiano Tel: 49 (0) 180-534 16 80  
http://www.national.com  
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.  

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